Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Spinal cord injury – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-injury/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377895

  There’s no way to reverse damage to the spinal cord. But researchers are continually working on new treatments. They include prostheses and medicines that might promote nerve cell regeneration or improve the function of the nerves that remain after a spinal cord injury. […] In the meantime, spinal cord injury treatment focuses on preventing further injury and empowering people to return to an active and productive life. […] Urgent medical attention is critical to minimize the effects of a head or neck injury. Therefore, treatment for a spinal cord injury often begins at the accident scene. […] Emergency personnel typically immobilize the spine as gently and quickly as possible. This is done using a rigid neck collar and a rigid carrying board during transport to the hospital. […] In the emergency room, medical care focuses on: Maintaining your ability to breathe. Preventing shock. Immobilizing your neck to prevent further spinal cord damage. Avoiding possible complications. Potential complications include stool or urine retention, respiratory or cardiovascular conditions, and the formation of deep vein blood clots.

• #2 What are the treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI)? | NICHD – Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

  https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/spinalinjury/conditioninfo/treatments

  Unfortunately, there are at present no known ways to reverse damage to the spinal cord. However, researchers are continually working on new treatments, including prostheses and medications, which may promote regeneration of nerve cells or improve the function of the nerves that remain after an SCI. […] SCI treatment currently focuses on preventing further injury and empowering people with an SCI to return to an active and productive life. […] Health care providers also may treat an acute injury with: Surgery. Doctors may use surgery to remove fluid or tissue that presses on the spinal cord (decompression laminectomy); remove bone fragments, disk fragments, or foreign objects; fuse broken spinal bones; or place spinal braces. […] Methylprednisolone (Medrol). If this steroid medication is administered within 8 hours of injury, some patients experience improvement. It appears to work by reducing damage to nerve cells and decreasing inflammation near the site of injury.

• #3 Spinal Cord Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prehospital Management, Emergency Department Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/793582-treatment

  Consultation with a neurosurgeon and/or an orthopedist spine specialist is required, depending on local preferences. Because most patients with SCI have multiple associated injuries, consultation with a general surgeon or a trauma specialist may also be required. […] Most prehospital care providers recognize the need to stabilize and immobilize the spine on the basis of mechanism of injury, pain in the vertebral column, or neurologic symptoms. Patients are usually transported to the emergency department (ED) with a cervical hard collar on a hard backboard. […] The patient should be secured so that in the event of emesis, the backboard may be rapidly rotated 90 while the patient remains fully immobilized in a neutral position. Spinal immobilization protocols should be standard in all prehospital care systems.

• #4 Spinal Cord Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prehospital Management, Emergency Department Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/793582-treatment

  Most patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) have associated injuries. In this setting, assessment and treatment of airway, respiration, and circulation (ABCs) takes precedence. […] The patient is best treated initially in the supine position. Occasionally, the patient may have been transported prone by the prehospital care providers. Logrolling the patient to the supine position is safe to facilitate diagnostic evaluation and treatment. […] Airway management in the setting of SCI, with or without a cervical spine injury, is complex and difficult. The cervical spine must be maintained in neutral alignment at all times. […] Once occult sources of hemorrhage have been excluded, initial treatment of neurogenic shock focuses on fluid resuscitation. Judicious fluid replacement with isotonic crystalloid solution to a maximum of 2 L is the initial treatment of choice.

• #5 Recent Advances in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11195032/

  The spinal cord exhibits limited self-repair capacity after injury. Pharmacological treatments such as neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agents are recommended during the primary stages of injury and inflammation. Decompressive surgery can remove discs or bone rudiments to protect cells and tissue from further damage. […] There is a lot of debate regarding pharmacological management and potential effects of corticosteroid use. In particular, the efficacy of steroids such as methylprednisolone as a scavenger for free radicals that reduces the inflammatory response has been controversial and is still intensely debated for dosage and time to administration after spinal cord injury. […] Current therapies for SCI include pharmacological treatments and surgical interventions to prevent further damage. Spinal decompression surgery is the most important surgical intervention within the first 24 hours after the injury that improves six-month outcomes, regardless of the level of SCI.

• #6 Spinal Cord Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prehospital Management, Emergency Department Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/793582-treatment

  The therapeutic goal for neurogenic shock is adequate perfusion with the following parameters: A systolic blood pressure (BP) of 90100 mm Hg should be achieved; systolic BPs in this range are typical for patients with complete cord lesions. […] The most important treatment consideration is to maintain adequate oxygenation and perfusion of the injured spinal cord; supplemental oxygenation and/or mechanical ventilation may be required. […] The National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Studies (NASCIS) II and III, a Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews article of all randomized clinical trials, and other published reports, have verified significant improvement in motor function and sensation in patients with complete or incomplete spinal cord injuries (SCIs) who were treated with high doses of methylprednisolone within 8 hours of injury.

• #7 Spinal Cord Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prehospital Management, Emergency Department Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/793582-treatment

  High doses of steroids or tirilazad are thought to minimize the secondary effects of acute SCI. […] As a result of the controversy over the NACSIS II and III studies, a number of professional organizations have revised their recommendations pertaining to steroid therapy in SCI. […] The current recommendation is to treat all patients with SCI according to the local/regional protocol. If steroids are recommended, they should be initiated within 8 hours of injury with the following steroid protocol: methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg bolus over 15 minutes and an infusion of methylprednisolone at 5.4 mg/kg/h for 23 hours beginning 45 minutes after the bolus. […] Treatment of pulmonary complications and/or injury in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) includes supplementary oxygen for all patients and chest tube thoracostomy for those with pneumothorax and/or hemothorax.

• #8 Spinal cord injury – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-injury/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377895

  People with a spinal cord injury often are admitted to the intensive care unit for treatment. Or they may be transferred to a regional spine injury center. Spine injury centers have a team of specialists trained in spinal cord injuries. The team may include neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, neurologists, physician medicine and rehabilitation specialists, psychologists, nurses, therapists, and social workers. […] Often surgery is necessary to remove fragments of bones, foreign objects, herniated disks or fractured vertebrae that may compress the spine. Surgery also can stabilize the spine and prevent future pain or complications. […] Scientists are trying to figure out ways to stop cell death, control inflammation and promote nerve regeneration. For example, lowering body temperature significantly a condition known as hypothermia for 24 to 48 hours might help prevent damaging inflammation. More study is needed.

• #9 Spinal Cord Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prehospital Management, Emergency Department Management

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/793582-treatment

  Spine service consultants should determine the need for and timing of any surgical intervention. Currently, there are no defined standards existing regarding the timing of decompression and stabilization in spinal cord injury (SCI). […] Emergent decompression of the spinal cord is suggested in the setting of acute SCI with progressive neurologic deterioration, facet dislocation, or bilateral locked facets. […] The neurologic deficit of SCI often increases during the hours to days following acute injury, despite optimal treatment. […] Careful and frequent turning of the patient is required to prevent pressure sores. Denervated skin is particularly prone to this complication.

• #10 Spinal Cord Injury: Levels, Treatment, Symptoms, Recovery

  https://www.medicinenet.com/spinal_cord_injury_treatments_and_rehabilitation/article.htm

  The first goal is to relieve any pressure on the spinal cord. […] The second major goal of surgery for spinal cord injury is to stabilize the spine. […] After the initial treatment and stabilization of patients with a spinal cord injury, much of the treatment is geared toward rehabilitation. […] Rehabilitation programs combine physical therapies with skill-building activities and counseling to provide social and emotional support. […] A rehabilitation team is usually led by a doctor specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation (called a physiatrist). […] The best chance for recovery of function following spinal cord injury is through prompt treatment. […] Early surgical decompression and stabilization leads to better recovery. […] Aggressive physical therapy and rehabilitation after surgery also maximizes recovery. […] There is no cure for spinal cord injury at this time.

• #11 Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Treatment & Rehab – BrainAndSpinalCord.org

  https://brainandspinalcord.org/spinal-cord-injury-treatment/

  Doctors may give you this powerful corticosteroid, methylprednisolone (Medrol). When given within eight hours of the initial injury, methylprednisolone has been known to prevent further damage and to promote recovery in some people. […] During the first few hours and days after a traumatic spinal cord injury, doctors may need to operate remove foreign objects, bone fragments, fractured vertebrae or herniated disks that are compressing the spine (decompressive surgery). […] Sometimes surgery is necessary to stabilize the spine; however, the precise time to perform emergency surgery is controversial. […] The debate over when to perform surgery is yet to be settled, but in 2008 a comprehensive study seemed to indicate that earlier intervention is better. […] There are also other surgical procedures which may help you later in your road to recovering as much function as possible. Tendon transfer surgery can sometimes help people with a spinal cord injury gain more control of their arms and hands.

• #12 Spinal cord injury – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-injury/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377895

  As the condition stabilizes, medical care focuses on preventing other medical conditions that may arise. A spinal cord injury can lead to a decline in physical functioning, known as deconditioning. Or it can lead to stiff muscles due to lack of use, known as muscle contractures. People with a spinal cord injury also may experience pressure ulcers, bowel and bladder issues, respiratory infections, and blood clots. […] Rehabilitation team members begin to work with you while you’re in the early stages of recovery. Your team might include a physical therapist, an occupational therapist, a rehabilitation nurse, a rehabilitation psychologist and a social worker. […] During the early stages of rehabilitation, therapists work on maintaining and strengthening muscle function and redeveloping fine motor skills. They also help you learn ways to adapt to do day-to-day tasks.

• #13 A Complete Guide to Spinal Cord Injury –

  https://www.premierbrainandspine.com/spinal-cord-injury-treatment/

  Acute spinal cord injury may be treated using intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone (A-Methapred, Solu-Medrol). Some patients may show signs of mild improvement with methylprednisolone every eight hours of injury. It helps with reducing nerve cell damage and decreasing inflammation near the site of injury. This is not a cure for a spinal cord injury. […] In many cases, surgery becomes a necessary option for removing bone fragments, foreign objects, fractured vertebrae, or herniated disks that may be responsible for compressing the spine. Stability of the spine for prevention of any deformity / pain in the long run can be achieved by surgery. […] During the initial stages of recovery, the rehabilitation team members at Premier Brain and Spine will start working with you. […] The therapists focus on the following during the early stages of rehabilitation: Maintenance and strength of existing muscle function, Redevelopment of fine motor skills, Learning adaptive techniques to help patients accomplish day-to-day tasks, Information on the overall impact of a spinal cord injury and ways to prevent complications, Expert advice on rebuilding and increasing quality of life, Learning new skills and use of equipment and technology that facilitate you live independently.

• #14 Locomotor training for spinal cord injury – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/locomotor-training-for-spinal-cord-injury/about/pac-20394608

  A person takes part in locomotor training, a type of therapy to help improve walking ability. […] Locomotor training is a type of therapy that can help people with spinal cord injury improve or recover their ability to walk. This is done through repetitive practice and weight-bearing activities. […] Locomotor training focuses on recovery of the areas of the nervous system that are damaged. The goal is to help someone with a spinal cord injury recover posture and the ability to walk. The training helps preserve muscle and restore movement and feeling. Locomotor training also can help damaged nerve cells regenerate. This can help people regain balance and the ability to move. […] Studies have found that locomotor training has helped people with spinal cord injury improve function and walking ability. The training also helps improve health and cardiovascular fitness.

• #15 Locomotor training for spinal cord injury – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/locomotor-training-for-spinal-cord-injury/about/pac-20394608

  Some studies have found that locomotor training for a spinal cord injury can lead to improvements in function. People with some feeling and function after a spinal cord injury have increased their walking speed and distance with robot-assisted locomotor training. They’ve also improved their coordination. The training also has helped people with complete and incomplete spinal cord injury improve their cardiorespiratory health and reverse muscle loss, known as atrophy. Blood pressure control also can improve. […] But the study results are mixed. Some people with spinal cord injury don’t experience an improvement after activity-based therapy such as locomotor training. Some research suggests that moderate- or high-intensity training leads to better improvements. More study of locomotor training is needed to understand the benefits of the therapy.

• #16 New treatment allows some people with spinal cord injury to regain hand and arm function | UW News

  https://www.washington.edu/news/2021/01/12/treatment-allows-some-people-with-spinal-cord-injury-regain-hand-and-arm-function/

  Almost 18,000 Americans experience traumatic spinal cord injuries every year. Many of these people are unable to use their hands and arms and cant do everyday tasks such as eating, grooming or drinking water without help. […] Using physical therapy combined with a noninvasive method of stimulating nerve cells in the spinal cord, University of Washington researchers helped six Seattle area participants regain some hand and arm mobility. That increased mobility lasted at least three to six months after treatment had ended. […] Spinal cord injury patients rate regaining hand function as the absolute first priority for treatment. It is five to six times more important than anything else that they ask for help on, said lead author Dr. Fatma Inanici. […] After a spinal cord injury, many patients do physical therapy to help them attempt to regain mobility. Recently, a series of studies have shown that implanting a stimulator to deliver electric current to a damaged spinal cord could help paralyzed patients walk again.

• #17 New treatment allows some people with spinal cord injury to regain hand and arm function | UW News

  https://www.washington.edu/news/2021/01/12/treatment-allows-some-people-with-spinal-cord-injury-regain-hand-and-arm-function/

  The UW team, composed of researchers from the Center for Neurotechnology, combined stimulation with standard physical therapy exercises, but the stimulation doesnt require surgery. Instead, it involves small patches that stick to a participants skin like a Band-Aid. […] While some participants regained some hand function during training alone, all six saw improvements when stimulation was combined with training. […] Both people who had no hand movement at the beginning of the study started moving their hands again during stimulation, and were able to produce a measurable force between their fingers and thumb. […] The team followed up with participants for up to six months after training and found that these improvements remained, despite no more stimulation. […] We think these stimulators bring the nerves that make your muscles contract very close to being active. They dont actually cause the muscle to move, but they get it ready to move.

• #18 3 of the Best Spinal Cord Injury Physiotherapy Treatments

  https://www.spinalcord.com/blog/3-of-the-best-spinal-cord-injury-physiotherapy-treatments

  Thanks to the incredible advances in medical technology and practices for spinal cord injuries (SCIs) over the past several decades, there are now more options than ever concerning spinal cord injury physiotherapy treatments, or what is frequently known as physical therapy. […] Early intervention for treatment after a spinal cord injury is crucial to achieving your optimal recovery, as are continuing care and rehabilitation. […] Spinal cord injury physiotherapy treatments are available at hospitals and rehabilitation centers throughout the United States. […] For example, a study in the United Kingdom that used olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) from nasal cavity skin cells to patch a man’s spinal cord injury that was sustained during a knife attack. […] Activity-based therapy (ABT), or what is also known as activity-based restorative therapy (ABRT), is a form of therapeutic activity that assists in the rehabilitation and recovery of individuals with neurological conditions, spinal cord injuries, and other traumatic injuries. […] Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a form of treatment that applies brief electrical pulses to paralyzed or weakened muscles via electrodes to help improve or restore their function.

• #19 Complete Spinal Cord Injury: Causes & Recovery Outlook

  https://www.flintrehab.com/complete-spinal-cord-injury/?srsltid=AfmBOool2S1lD_6tCN2jcybVH5lTXt1DRm8HMDNOIXE_UA8NKPoFvI1O

  A complete spinal cord injury occurs when the spinal cord is completely severed. This results in the loss of all sensation and motor control below your level of injury. […] Fortunately, there is hope for recovery after a complete SCI. […] Exercise will help individuals with complete spinal cord injuries maintain full range of motion in their joints, promote circulation, and prevent secondary complications like pressure sores and edema (swelling) from developing. […] While damaged neurons in the central nervous system are not capable of regeneration, there is still hope for recovery after a complete spinal cord injury. Many innovative treatments such as electrical stimulation and stem cell therapy are showing great promise for the future of complete spinal cord injury recovery. […] Epidural electrical stimulation involves implanting a stimulator over your spine. The stimulator then emits electric currents that mimic brain signals to muscles below the site of injury. Epidural stimulation works around the spinal cord damage to activate the neurons below the level of injury and encourage movement.

• #20 Spinal Cord Injury Recovery Program

  https://www.sralab.org/conditions/spinal-cord-injury/overview

  Our treatment approach means that your therapy will be intensive but always aligned with your state of healing as determined by your doctor. Typically, SCI inpatients will participate in different types of therapy for 3 hours a day/5 days a week. […] Our in-hospital Aquatic Center offers a therapeutically heated 33 x 22 pool. Because of the specific properties of water, aquatic therapy increases the speed of healing and improves outcomes. […] Patients with spinal cord injury or neuro-musculoskeletal conditions are among the many who benefit greatly from aquatic therapy. […] Healing begins from within. Creative energy restores and refreshes, as does cuddling with one of our therapy dogs, Wrigley or Louis. […] After a long day of therapy, your room is your personal space to rest, reconnect with yourself, family and friends to recover.

• #21 Excellence in Spinal Cord Injury & Multitrauma Care

  https://www.gaylord.org/spinal-cord-injury-multitrauma

  Gaylord physiatrists use multiple treatment options to achieve maximum functional recovery, whether the deficit was the result of an injury or illness. […] We offer a range of inpatient and outpatient programs that deliver the best possible outcomes. […] Aquatic therapy for inpatients and outpatients is provided by physical and occupational therapists with advanced training. The goal is to improve strength and flexibility, reduce pain, build endurance, and restore balance. […] The spasticity pump is an implanted device that delivers the muscle relaxant directly into the spinal fluid, effectively managing spasticity, and improving muscle control. This targeted delivery reduces side effects and enhances its therapeutic benefits. […] Our Wheelchair Assessment Service is led by physical therapists who are certified Assistive Technology Professionals and supported by suppliers of complex rehab technology who assist in advanced equipment selection.

• #22 Spinal cord injury – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-injury/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377895

  Medicines can manage some of the side effects of spinal cord injury. These include medicines to control pain and muscle spasticity. Medicines also can help improve bladder control, bowel control and sexual functioning. […] Inventive medical devices can help people with a spinal cord injury become more independent and more mobile. […] Advances in stem cell research and nerve cell regeneration give hope for greater recovery for people with spinal cord injuries. And new treatments are being investigated for people with long-standing spinal cord injuries.

• #23 Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/rehab-medicine/services/spinal-cord-injury

  Innovative and coordinated therapy programs are delivered by a highly trained and experienced group of professionals, who work together as an interdisciplinary team to develop, implement, and coordinate every patient’s individualized program of care. To maximize functional recovery, each patient receives a minimum of three hours of therapy five days per week. […] In addition, all persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) have the opportunity to use a full range of advanced rehabilitative technologies, including: Body weight-supported ambulation, Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) cycle ergometry for both the upper and lower limbs, Motorized cycle ergometry systems for both the upper and lower limbs (i.e. MotoMed), Myoelectric biofeedback directed electrical stimulation (i.e. NeuroMove), Powered exoskeletons for the lower limbs (i.e. Ekso, ReWalk), Robotic exoskeleton training systems for the upper limbs (i.e. Armeo), Video gaming systems chosen to facilitate motor control, balance, hand-eye coordination, strength, and well-being (i.e. Wii and Kinect).

• #24 Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation | Spinal Injury Treatment & Recovery

  https://encompasshealth.com/inpatient-rehabilitation/irf-our-programs-and-services/spinal-cord-injury

  Intensive therapy works. At our hospitals, you will receive three hours of therapy per day, five days a week, along with frequent visits from your physician and 24/7 nursing care. This combination is designed to help you achieve the best possible recovery. […] We utilize advanced technologies to enhance your rehabilitation, by targeting specific skills that enable you to return to daily life including: DriveABLE™ Driving […] EksoNR® Mobility […] Interactive Metronome® Speech & language comprehension […] Motomed® muvi Strength training […] NuStep T6 Cross Trainer Strength training […] SaeboMas® Hand strength, Movement […] TRAN-SIT® Driving. […] You will have at least three hours of therapy a day, five days a week. Your therapy will be spread out throughout the day to allow time for rest and visiting with family. Your therapy will include physical therapy and occupational therapy, as well as speech therapy if communication or swallowing is affected.

• #25 Complete Spinal Cord Injury: Causes & Recovery Outlook

  https://www.flintrehab.com/complete-spinal-cord-injury/?srsltid=AfmBOool2S1lD_6tCN2jcybVH5lTXt1DRm8HMDNOIXE_UA8NKPoFvI1O

  Stem cells are cells that can divide infinitely and differentiate into a variety of cell types depending on their environment. This makes them ideal for promoting tissue growth and replacing damage caused by SCI. […] Physical therapy plays an essential role in the treatment of complete spinal cord injuries. […] Occupational therapy focuses on helping individuals with complete spinal cord injuries learn how to be functional in their day-to-day lives. […] A complete spinal cord injury can require you to become more dependent on others. […] Joining a support group is a great way to connect with others that understand what you’re going through. […] Exoskeletons are wearable electronic devices that can help individuals with complete spinal cord injuries maximize their mobility. […] Complete spinal cord injury recovery is most effective with the support of rehabilitation specialists and targeted adaptive equipment. […] While damage following a complete SCI is irreversible, promising research suggests that recovery may be possible in the future.

• #26 Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Guide | Good Shepherd Rehabilitation — Where Potential Becomes Reality

  https://www.goodshepherdrehab.org/about-us/newsroom/spinal-cord-injury-treatment-guide/

  A spinal cord injury (SCI) results from damage to the spinal column’s discs, vertebrae or ligaments or to the spinal cord itself. […] Anyone with a traumatic or non-traumatic spinal cord injury requires SCI rehabilitation to recover as much function as possible. […] Inpatient SCI rehabilitation is the care you receive during your hospital stay. […] Outpatient SCI rehabilitation is the type of care you receive when you’re not in the hospital. […] Technologies are improving every year to treat spinal cord injuries. […] Good Shepherd Rehabilitation is a leader in treating SCIs with leading-edge technology, including: Ekso wearable exoskeleton to provide power and support to your legs, Adaptive gaming for social and sensory stimulation, Trexo Plus for children, a wearable gait training technology to help with lower extremity weakness and spasticity, Bertec Balance Advantage System to evaluate and retrain your sensory and motor system, Redcord anti-gravity suspension system to help patients reduce pain and improve neuromuscular control, AlterG anti-gravity treadmill to safely support you while relearning motor skills, VitalStim technology to stimulate motor nerves used for swallowing, Woodway Split Belt Treadmill to help patients control each leg independently, ZeroG Gait and Balance System to safely practice walking, Biodex Body-Weight Supported Training to promote rehabilitation and functional recovery, while maintaining safety for weak or balance deficient patients, Trexo Plus robotic gait training technology for pediatric patients. […] Your physiatrist, a doctor who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation, will design and manage your SCI rehabilitation program.

• #27 A New Treatment for Spinal Cord Injury | UW Medicine

  https://give.uwmedicine.org/stories/a-new-treatment-for-spinal-cord-injury/

  A New Treatment for Spinal Cord Injury UW researchers find that electrical stimulation of the spinal cord leads to major gains in movement. The treatment is known as transcutaneous spinal stimulation, and for people with spinal cord injury, its transformative. In other words, this innovative, noninvasive wearable treatment means that people with paralysis from spinal cord injury can regain their abilities for months and even years afterward. For decades, we had thought that if you were paralyzed through a spinal cord injury or had persistent weakness, that’s how you were going to be for the rest of your life. But what we’re seeing now is that even with fairly simple spinal stimulation through the skin, we’re unlocking this potential for recovery. The most exciting part of the transcutaneous stimulation study, says Moritz, is that the participants have maintained their gains in function and hand dexterity for months or even years after the study ended. By the end of the study, she had taken up painting. Over time, the results continued to exceed expectations. Owen went from living with a friend to buying her own house, living independently and needing half as much caregiving. Even though she hasn’t received any additional electrical stimulation in the two years since the study ended, she estimates she’s retained about 90% of the gains. Soon, transcutaneous stimulation may be available to more people with spinal cord injury. The trial, involving 65 patients, was a success, and ONWARD, the medical technology company behind the trial, will soon seek approval from the Food and Drug Administration. The company aims to launch its ARC Therapy device in late 2023. Initially, it will be available to physical therapists in a rehabilitation setting, where it can be combined with physical and occupational therapy. This work has the potential to revolutionize lives, says Owen. By supporting the research, you can become part of a community that is dedicated to making a real difference in the lives of people with disabilities.

• #28

  https://today.wayne.edu/medicine/news/2024/08/26/hope-through-innovation-detroit-scientists-reimagine-treatment-for-spinal-cord-injury-recovery-63455

  Wayne State researchers, Moh Malek, Ph.D., and Maik Httemann, Ph.D., have received a nearly $2.8 million grant from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke to find new therapies for spinal cord injuries. […] According to a research team at Wayne State University, a critical challenge in addressing incomplete spinal cord injury is to devise an effective intervention during that 24-hour window that positively impacts long-term functional mobility. […] To help address this situation, a collaborative research team from Wayne State University received a five-year, nearly $2.8 million grant from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health for the study, Non-invasive infrared light therapy and medical device to treat spinal cord injury.

• #29

  https://today.wayne.edu/medicine/news/2024/08/26/hope-through-innovation-detroit-scientists-reimagine-treatment-for-spinal-cord-injury-recovery-63455

  The project will use the patented non-invasive infrared light technology to target mitochondria in the injured spinal cord. The goal is to decrease the reactive oxygen production, which is detrimental to neuronal cell regeneration. […] At the end of five years, we will be ready to propose a Phase I clinical trial study that can determine critical next steps for this potential treatment, Drs. Malek and Httemann said.

• #30 Recent Advances in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11195032/

  Surgical intervention combined with weight-bearing locomotor training in 320 patients with clinically complete SCI at one month post-injury has been reported to promote neurological recovery. […] Acupuncture is a simple and inexpensive method needling through the skin into deeper tissues at precise sites (acupuncture points) for therapy or to prevent disease. A growing number of clinical researches have revealed that acupuncture and electro-acupuncture can effectively progress recovery of sensory and motor functions in patients with various types of CNS injuries including SCI. […] Cell therapy is a favorable treatment for SCI. It probably harmonizes multiple mechanisms such as immunomodulation and neuroprotection by trophic factor release, as well as axon and myelin regeneration to promote functional recovery after SCI.

• #31 Neural Stem Cell Treatment for Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI)

  https://stemcellthailand.org/therapies/spinal-cord-regeneration-sci/

  Spinal injuries are one of the most common causes of permanent disability and death in both children and adults, highlighting the need for effective treatment of spinal cord injury. […] Stem cell transplants for spinal cord injury help patients eliminate pain, regain bladder and bowel function, regain lost sensations, and regenerate visceral motor neurons and adult astrocytes while minimizing other issues such as cramps or depression from Injury. […] Cell-based treatments take a more proactive approach and boost humans natural repair cycle by stimulating/enhancing damaged cells and tissue repair. […] The Regen Center offers a unique combination protocol for the treatment of neurological spinal cord injuries using a targeted multi-step approach. […] If the patient does not have the quality or quantity of enhanced mesenchymal stem cells, cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC+) will be needed to treat spinal cord injury effectively.

• #32 ‘Dancing molecules’ successfully repair severe spinal cord injuries – Northwestern Now

  https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2021/11/dancing-molecules-successfully-repair-severe-spinal-cord-injuries/

  Northwestern University researchers have developed a new injectable therapy that harnesses dancing molecules to reverse paralysis and repair tissue after severe spinal cord injuries. […] In a new study, researchers administered a single injection to tissues surrounding the spinal cords of paralyzed mice. Just four weeks later, the animals regained the ability to walk. […] Currently, there are no therapeutics that trigger spinal cord regeneration, said Stupp, an expert in regenerative medicine. […] The therapy also induces myelin to rebuild around axons and reduces glial scarring, which acts as a physical barrier that prevents the spinal cord from healing. […] While the new therapy could be used to prevent paralysis after major trauma (automobile accidents, falls, sports accidents and gunshot wounds) as well as from diseases, Stupp believes the underlying discovery that supramolecular motion is a key factor in bioactivity can be applied to other therapies and targets.

• #33 Clinical trial offers hope for patients with severe spinal cord injuries

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/clinical-trial-offers-hope-for-patients-with-severe-spinal-cord-injuries/2022/12

  The treatment includes the placement of an absorbable biopolymer scaffold at the site of a spinal injury. Researchers hope it will lead to improvement in spinal cord function. […] The clinical trial conducted at medical centers around the country offers some hope. It is a follow-up to successful animal trials. […] The innovative treatment involves placing an investigational neuro-spinal scaffold (by InVivo Therapeutics Corp.) into the injured spinal cord. This highly porous biopolymer device is broken down and absorbed by the body. […] Researchers shared the six-month outcome of the 16 study participants. They found that patients treated with the device reported regaining some feeling in the paralyzed areas of their body at a slightly higher rate than patients with a similar injury who did not receive the intervention.

• #34 Recent Advances in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11195032/

  The pharmacological strategy for SCI offers dissatisfactory outcomes; furthermore, the clinical approach of employing nerve autografts for injury suffers from a tissue deficiency. As an alternative, tissue engineering is a hopeful strategy for regenerating the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. […] Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting has been developed as a beneficial method for fabricating precise complex living neural architecture with spatial allocations of many types of cells for SCI repair. […] Recent advances in the clinical management of patients with SCI have greatly improved their prognosis, survival rate, and quality of life. Also, substantial progress has happened in basic science research around cellular and molecular events of SCI, facilitating the development of pharmacologic agents, stem-cell based therapy, and tissue engineering.

• #35 Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient And Day Rehabilitation Services | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/rehabilitation-services/spine-injury-outpatient-day-rehabilitation

  Physical therapy aims to optimize your physical abilities, reduce the effects of your disease or injury, and prevent further disability. You will learn how to manage your condition, reduce pain and restore mobility. […] Many of our Northwestern Medicine outpatient rehabilitation locations can also provide therapy to help you regain mobility and functional capabilities while using a prosthetic or orthotic device. […] Experienced therapists at many of our Northwestern Medicine outpatient rehabilitation can also provide therapy to help with stretching, positioning and movement exercises. […] Resources for adults, teens and young adults who have sustained a spinal cord injury are available at Northwestern Medicine. Groups can help you learn about living with a spinal cord injury and coping with stress and offer an outlet for socialization. […] Clinicians recommend and design custom devices to meet your unique wheelchair and mobility needs. Customized seating and positioning systems (including wheelchairs, standing systems and stroller systems) can help you improve function, posture, mobility and independence.

• #36 Spinal Cord Injury: Treatment and Rehabilitation | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/spinal-cord-injury-treatment-and-rehabilitation

  Rehab supports a persons emotional and physical recovery. […] Physical therapy (PT). This supports strength and movement in muscles and joints. It may help some people with spinal cord injury regain some function. […] Occupational therapy (OT). This helps people regain their ability to take care of themselves. It involves feeding, dressing, and bathing. […] Counseling. Spinal cord injury can have lifelong (permanent) effects. Counseling helps the injured person and their family cope and adjust. […] The outlook for people with spinal cord injury is better today than ever before.

• #37 Occupational Therapy After Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

  https://www.gillettechildrens.org/your-visit/patient-education/occupational-therapy-after-spinal-cord-injury

  Spinal cord injury symptoms and functional outcomes after occupational therapy are unique to each individual. Our goal is to maximize functional independence and mobility during rehabilitation at Gillette. We customize your therapy to you and your familys needs by working as a team. The following information is meant to provide you with general information on what occupational therapy will address after a spinal cord injury. […] Treatment after a cervical spinal cord injury may include: […] Maximizing arm and hand function through various strengthening exercises and activities: […] Muscle training and re-education through the use of specialized equipment and other modalities, which may include the pool, electrical stimulation and/or virtual reality when applicable. […] Treatment after a thoracic spinal cord injury may include: […] Education on how to protect your shoulder joints from overuse injury through stretching and strengthening exercises. […] Treatment after a lumbar spinal cord injury may include: […] Evaluating the need for specialized equipment and environmental modifications at home and at school.

• #38 Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) – Barrow Neurological InstituteSecond Opinion IconSpine SurgerySpine SurgeryGroup 9

  https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/spinal-cord-injury-sci/

  Ongoing Care: Managing your health after an SCI involves regular check-ups and monitoring to prevent complications such as pressure sores, urinary tract infections, or blood clots. It also includes maintaining a healthy lifestyle, a balanced diet, and regular exercise adapted to your abilities. Psychological Support: Adjusting to life after an SCI can be challenging, not just physically but emotionally and socially. Support from psychologists, counselors, or peer support groups can be invaluable in helping you and your loved ones adapt to these changes. Emerging Treatments: Research on spinal cord injury is ongoing, and new treatments are being developed. This includes advanced technologies like electrical stimulation devices, robotics, and potential biological treatments like stem cell therapy, which aim to restore some function or improve mobility. […] The goal is to tailor a treatment plan that fits your specific needs and objectives, focusing on enhancing your independence and overall quality of life. We’re here to support you through every step of your journey, from acute care to long-term management and rehabilitation.

• #39 Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation

  https://www.mhs.net/services/rehabilitation/conditions-treatments-services/spinal-cord

  Animal-assisted therapy – specially trained dogs work side-by-side with their handlers to interact with patients and assist therapists with various activities. […] Peer mentors can provide emotional support that you need during this difficult time. […] On-site support groups give you an opportunity to share your experiences, frustrations and concerns with other spinal cord injury patients seeking treatment here. […] Patient- and family-centered care that allows for 24-hour visitation with bedside accommodations for overnight stays.

• #40 Rehabilitation After a Spinal Cord injury | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/tests-and-procedures/r/rehabilitation-after-a-spinal-cord-injury.html

  Your rehab providers will discuss the results you may expect to see over the short-term and long-term. These results will depend on your type of injury and how much strength and sensation you have below the level of the injury. […] Your rehab specialists may help assess your home to see if it’s safe and accessible for you.

• #41 Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/locations/rusk-rehabilitation/condition-focused-rehabilitation-services/spinal-cord-injury-rehabilitation

  All members of the spinal cord injury rehabilitation team have specialized training in the medical, nursing, or therapeutic care and treatment of patients with spinal cord injuries. The team applies their expertise to help each patient maximize his or her physical, functional, social, psychological, and medical gains before either returning home or progressing to another level of care. […] Rusk Rehabilitation outpatient services are designed to help you improve strength and coordination while increasing your activity levels and decreasing pain. […] We also focus on helping you relearn the skills that enable you to fully participate in activities at home, work, school, and in recreational settings. In order to maximize your independence and safety in the community, Rusk Rehabilitation therapists also help make changes to your home, school, work, and recreational environments. Our focus is on rebuilding lives around abilities rather than disabilities.

• #42 Spinal Cord Injury Pain Management | UPMC

  https://www.upmc.com/services/rehab/rehab-institute/conditions/spinal-cord-injury/education-spinal-injury/pain-management

  It’s vital to remember that there can be many different causes of SCI pain. […] In either case, the SCI experts at the UPMC Rehabilitation Institute tailor a pain management plan for each person. […] If you have any problems with pain, it’s crucial that your SCI doctor assesses you. […] In some cases, they may refer you to a pain management specialist to get the best control of your SCI pain. […] Many non-invasive treatments can help, including: […] Physical therapy. Strengthening weak areas can help support muscles and reduce pain. Stretching and other range-of-motion exercises can also provide relief, as can massage. […] Modifying activity or equipment. Learning new transfer techniques or ways to relieve pressure can reduce muscle and joint pain. You may also need changes to your mobility equipment, including wheelchairs or sliding boards.

• #43 Spinal Cord Injury Pain Management | UPMC

  https://www.upmc.com/services/rehab/rehab-institute/conditions/spinal-cord-injury/education-spinal-injury/pain-management

  Common pain medicines for SCI pain include: […] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen are generally safe. But taking them for too long can affect your kidney and liver. […] Anti-seizure drugs. Drugs like gabapentin can help with nerve pain from an SCI. […] Muscle relaxants. Diazepam, baclofen, and tizanidine help with muscle and spasm pain. You can take them by mouth or receive them from an implanted pump directly to the spinal cord. […] Anti-depressants. Selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs) can help with depression and nerve pain. […] Narcotics. Drugs such as codeine, morphine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone provide pain relief but often aren’t a first-line treatment. They can have side effects and can be habit-forming. It’s vital to talk to your doctor about these medications.

• #44 Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Treatment & Rehab – BrainAndSpinalCord.org

  https://brainandspinalcord.org/spinal-cord-injury-treatment/

  You may lose control of your bladder and/or your bowels and you may experience urinary tract infections. […] You may experience pressure sores from being in one position for long time. […] You may be given medications to thin your blood and improve your circulation. […] Spinal cord injuries can weaken the abdominal and chest muscles; sometimes movement of these muscles is completely impaired. […] Once your condition has been stabilized, rehabilitation can begin. […] Physical therapy will begin in the hospital. […] At the rehabilitation center you will receive more and advanced therapy as your condition improves. […] Newer technology can greatly assist your adjustment to your new limitations. […] In recent years an exciting technology called functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) has helped many people with a spinal cord injury increase their muscle strength and sometimes regain function.

• #45 Get Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/spinal-cord-injury-care

  We bring virtual reality into todays rehab setting with the Motek Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment (CAREN). This new technology helps us better test how well you balance and move using games and exercise routines set in a virtual world. […] Sometimes, your provider might recommend a nerve or tendon transfer to get your muscles in your arm, shoulder or hand working again. During this procedure, a surgeon will connect one of your healthy nerves or tendons to a nerve or tendon that isnt working below the spinal cord injury. This can help you regain control in your upper limbs. […] A spinal cord injury can sometimes cause ulcers, osteoporosis, bladder and bowel control issues and, in some cases, autonomic dysreflexia (a condition that causes high blood pressure and severe headaches). Our specialists work together to help prevent and manage conditions that are associated with your spinal cord injury.

• #46 Spinal Cord Injuries & Paralysis | UC San Diego Health

  https://health.ucsd.edu/care/neurological/spine-care/spinal-cord-injuries-paralysis/

  UC San Diego Health offers a comprehensive program to help you restore function following a spinal cord injury. […] Our surgeons use the latest surgical techniques and treatments to improve the level of functioning. […] Surgical and nonsurgical treatment techniques we use: Nerve transfer: Nerves with the best control are transferred to the most important muscle groups to improve function in that limb. […] Tendon transfer: The most common procedure for restoring function. A tendon is moved from one point to another to improve joint function. Tendon transfers offer functional gains for an estimated 70 percent of tetraplegic patients. […] Selective peripheral neurotomy: Nerves are trimmed to reduce spasticity. […] Phrenic nerve stimulator: Patients dependent on a ventilator have the option of a surgically implanted phrenic nerve stimulator which frees them from ventilator dependency. […] Using epidural spinal cord stimulation, we can improve standing and walking in people who have cervical and thoracic level injury.

• #47 Center for Spinal Cord Injury | UPMC Rehabilitation Institute

  https://www.upmc.com/services/rehab/rehab-institute/conditions/spinal-cord-injury

  Spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation at UPMC Rehabilitation Institute is a specialized program that helps people who have injured their spinal cords. Our goal is to help you regain your independence and improve your quality of life after a spinal cord injury. We offer therapies, cutting-edge treatments, and rehabilitation services tailored to your needs. […] UPMC Rehabilitation Institute offers state-of-the-art technology and complete services to help you recover. Technologies, like those at the Robotics and Gaming Center, help you relearn walking and complete daily tasks. This helps you live a more independent life after your rehab stay. […] According to Model Systems Knowledge Translation Center, The SCI Model System centers provide a multidisciplinary system of rehabilitation care ranging from emergency services through rehabilitation and reentry into full community life. SCI Model System centers also conduct research, provide education, and disseminate information with the goal of improving long-term functional, vocational, cognitive, and quality-of-life outcomes for individuals with SCI. […] UPMC Rehabilitation Institute is one of only 14 programs in the U.S. designated as a spinal cord injury model system. This means we’re national leaders in research and provide the highest level of care.

• #48 Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/locations/rusk-rehabilitation/condition-focused-rehabilitation-services/spinal-cord-injury-rehabilitation

  When the spinal cord is injured, messages can no longer travel from the brain to other parts of the body in the same way they used to. This changes your ability to feel and move, and also may affect bladder and bowel control, breathing, and sexual function. Whatever the level of impairment, you can learn new skills to lead a fulfilling lifestyle. […] From our decades of experience in treating spinal cord injuries, we understand how important it is to focus on improving your quality of life. The professionals in the Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Program at NYU Langones Rusk Rehabilitation can work with you and your family to set realistic, specific goals, and provide you with the skills needed to achieve your own optimal independence level. […] Patients who have experienced a spinal cord injury often require a wide range of specialized treatment services. At Rusk Rehabilitation, we offer adaptive and assistive equipment designed to help you take care of your personal needs, return to driving if possible, and resume the activities you enjoy. These treatment options are customized to match your needs and mobility options.

• #49 Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Program | Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/physical-therapy-rehabilitation/spinal-cord-injury-rehabilitation

  Our services are for all levels of need: Acute Rehabilitation, short-term medical treatment, usually in a hospital; Inpatient Rehabilitation, intensive therapies in the hospital; Outpatient Rehabilitation, follow-up therapy services after you have returned home from the hospital or another rehabilitation facility. […] Your personalized treatment care plan starts with a team of rehabilitation specialists who may include: Physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians or physiatrists who specialize in helping people regain body functions lost due to medical conditions or injuries; Neurologists who specialize in disorders of the nervous system; Neurosurgeons who specialize in surgery on the brain and other parts of the nervous system; Neuropsychologists who specialize in the effects that injury or diseases of the brain and spinal cord have on emotions, behavior and learning; Certified rehabilitation nurses who specialize in the care of the chronically ill and injured; Physical therapists who specialize in helping patients achieve maximum strength, balance and mobility; Occupational therapists who specialize in improving patients’ ability to complete activities of daily living; Speech-language pathologists who specialize in helping patients improve communication, cognition and swallowing; Recreational therapists who specialize in providing education and community-based interventions to improve patients’ physical, mental, social and emotional well-being; Respiratory therapists who specialize in assessing and treating breathing disorders; Dietitians who specialize in nutrition and dietetics; Social workers who specialize in the social, emotional and financial needs of families and patients; Case managers who specialize in the coordination of inpatient and post-hospital care and services for patients and families; Rehabilitation engineers who specialize in determining, implementing and training patients on assistive technology devices, such as wheelchairs, special computer workstations and remote control systems.

• #50 A Guide to Inpatient Rehabilitation Services for People With Spinal Cord Injury | MSKTC

  https://msktc.org/sci/factsheets/guide-inpatient-rehabilitation-services-people-spinal-cord-injury

  Many rehabilitation programs offer other services to help people with SCI get back to their communities and do the things that are important to them. […] Examples include: Outpatient medical care, Assistive technology, Wheelchair seating clinics, Vocational rehabilitation services, Adaptive fitness, wellness, sports, and recreation programs, Peer support, Sexual health. […] Admission to an IRF should not be denied solely because you may not be expected to return to a prior level of functioning. […] If you are being advised to go to an LTACH, it is very important to make sure that the LTACH you will go to has specialized SCI expertise and will provide therapy time that is comparable to or exceeds what you would receive in an IRF. […] If you cant find an SCI rehab facility, reach out to an SCI organization for help.

• #51 Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation – Recover from Catastrophic Injury | QLI

  https://qliomaha.com/programs/spinal-cord-injury-rehabilitation/

  For some, it involves partnering with local businesses and community resources to offer a real-world, immersive return-to-work experience. […] Every client’s goals are different but in all cases, Life Path Services encompasses everything we do to get from devastation to hope and on the meaningful path forward in their lives. […] The average length of stay for clients in our spinal cord injury rehabilitation program is 131 days. […] QLI has a consulting Medical Director and physical medicine and rehabilitation physician, a full-time neuropsychologist, as well as consulting specialty providers who understand our population and can manage your medical needs.

• #52 A Complete Guide to Spinal Cord Injury –

  https://www.premierbrainandspine.com/spinal-cord-injury-treatment/

  A spinal cord injury is damage to a part of the spinal cord or nerves right at the end of the spinal canal. This often results in permanent changes in sensation, strength, and various other body functions below the injury site. […] With newer technological advancements many physicians and researchers are optimistic about the possibility of repairing spinal cord injuries. […] Today, various treatments and rehabilitation options allow patients with spinal cord injuries to lead confident, comfortable, productive, and independent lives. […] Unfortunately, theres no way doctors and specialists can reverse damage to the spinal cord. However, the scientists and researchers are continually working on new treatments and possibilities including prostheses and medications. These options may promote nerve cell regeneration. They also also consistently look for treatment options that will improve overall nerve functions after a spinal cord injury.

• #53 Spinal Cord Injury: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12098-spinal-cord-injury

  People with an SCI will likely need additional care in the weeks and months that follow their injury. Some types of care may need to continue for years or indefinitely. Some examples include: […] Advances in medical care and ongoing research offer hope for more effective treatments for these injuries. That means many people with these injuries can adapt to and manage the effects of the injury.

• #54 Recent Advances in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11195032/

  According to the review of research and studies and considering the complications of spinal cord injuries, treatments with only one management method seem inefficient. […] It is often more effective to employ a combination of approaches simultaneously or for a period as an alternative treatment. By adopting this perspective, it may be possible to overcome the limitations inherent to each individual treatment modality by incorporating alternative approaches, ultimately leading to improved outcomes in the management of SCI.

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