Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Sprain: First aid

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-sprain/basics/art-20056622

  A sprain is an injury to a ligament caused by stretching the ligament too far or tearing it. A ligament can tear partway or all the way. Ligaments are tough, elastic-like bands that connect bone to bone. They help hold joints in place. […] Seek medical care right away if: You can’t put weight on the injured leg, the joint feels unstable or numb, or you can’t use the joint. This may mean the ligament was completely torn. On the way to see your healthcare professional, apply a cold pack. […] To treat a sprain, try the R.I.C.E. approach rest, ice, compression, elevation: Rest the injured area. Your healthcare professional may say not to put weight on the injured area for 48 to 72 hours. You may need to use crutches or not use the sprained area. A splint or brace also may be helpful at first.

• #1 Ankle sprain – aftercare Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/ankle-sprain-aftercare

  Lateral ankle sprain – aftercare; Medial ankle sprain – aftercare; Medial ankle injury – aftercare; Ankle syndesmosis sprain – aftercare; Syndesmosis injury – aftercare; ATFL injury – aftercare; CFL injury – aftercare. […] There are 3 grades of ankle sprains: […] Grade I sprains: Your ligaments are stretched, and there may be slight or microscopic tearing of the ligament tissues. It is a mild injury that can improve with some light stretching. […] Grade II sprains: Your ligaments are partially torn. You may need to wear a splint or other immobilization device. […] Grade III sprains: Your ligaments are fully torn. You will likely need to wear a brace, splint, or cast for several weeks, and you may need surgery for this severe injury, especially for younger or more active people. […] If your sprain is more severe:

• #1 Sprains and strains | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sprains-and-strains

  A sprain is an injury to the ligaments and capsule of a joint in the body. […] Immediate treatment of sprains or strains includes protection, relative rest (for example avoiding activities that significantly increase your pain but otherwise remaining gently active), ice, compression and elevation. […] Ongoing treatment and supervision of return to work or sport is suggested through your physiotherapist. […] A sprain is an injury that involves tearing of the ligaments or joint capsule or both. […] Common sites for sprains include the thumb, ankle and knee. […] Suggestions for immediate treatment of acute sprains or strains include: Stop your activity. Rest the injured area. Put icepacks on the area for 20 minutes every 2 waking hours, separated from the skin by wet towelling. Compress or bandage the injured site firmly, extending the wrapping from below to above. Elevate (raise) the injured area above heart height whenever practical.

• #1 Sprains and Strains

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/orthopedics/conditions-treatments/sprains-strains/

  Sprains are a stretch and/or tear of a ligament, the tissue connecting two bones. Ligaments stabilize and support the body’s joints. For example, ligaments in the knee connect the upper leg with the lower leg, enabling people to walk and run. […] A sprain is caused by trauma a fall, twist, or blow to the body, for example that applies stress to a joint and overstretches or even ruptures supporting ligaments. […] In a mild sprain, a ligament is stretched, but the joint remains stable and is not loosened. A moderate sprain partially tears the ligament, producing joint instability. With a severe sprain, ligaments tear completely or separate from the bone. This loosening interferes with joint function. You may feel a tear or pop in the joint. Although the intensity varies, all sprains commonly produce pain, swelling, bruising and inflammation.

• #1 Sprains Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/injury/sprains

  A sprain is an injury to the ligaments around a joint. Ligaments are strong, flexible fibers that hold bones together. When a ligament is stretched too far or tears, the area around the joint will become painful and swell. […] Sprains are caused when a joint is forced to move into an unnatural position. For example, „twisting” one’s ankle causes a sprain to the ligaments around the ankle. […] Symptoms of a sprain include: Joint pain or muscle pain, Swelling, Joint stiffness, Discoloration of the skin, especially bruising. […] First aid steps include: Apply ice right away to reduce swelling. Wrap the ice in cloth. Do not place ice directly on the skin. Wrap a bandage around the affected area to limit movement. Wrap firmly, but not tightly. Use a splint if needed. Keep the swollen joint raised above your heart, even while sleeping. Rest the affected joint for several days. Avoid putting stress on the joint because it can make the injury worse. A sling for the arm, or crutches or a brace for the leg can protect the injury. Aspirin, ibuprofen, or other pain relievers can help. DO NOT give aspirin to children. Keep pressure off the injured area until the pain goes away. Most of the time, a mild sprain will heal in 7 to 10 days. It may take several weeks for pain to go away after a bad sprain. Your health care provider may recommend crutches. Physical therapy can help you regain motion and strength of the injured area.

• #1 Sprains & Strains — Know When to Go to the ER

  https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/know-when-to-go/sprains–strains

  A ligament is the tissue that connects a bone to a joint, and a sprain is a stretched or torn ligament. Sprain is an injury to ligaments, while strains are stretch injury to the muscle. Sprains and strains are typically caused by falling, twisting or getting hit. Sprains and strains are common in fingers, wrists, ankles, knees and foot arches. […] The symptoms of a serious sprain or a strain include: Pain, swelling and bruising. Inability to move a joint. Feeling a pop or a tear when the injury occurs. […] Other minor injuries are initially treated following the RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) principle: Rest the injured area for 24 to 48 hours. Apply ice for 10 to 15 minutes, four times a day, for the first 48 hours after the injury. Gently wrap and compress the area with an elastic bandage gently. Wrap loosely to avoid cutting circulation. Elevate the injury for first 24 hours; keep the injured area above the heart. Use a sling or a soft splint (such as a pillow) to keep the injured area from moving. If the pain does not improve or other signs of a fracture develop, seek medical attention.

• #1 Ankle sprain – aftercare Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/ankle-sprain-aftercare

  You may feel strong pain and have a lot of swelling. […] You may not be able to walk, or walking may be painful. […] Some ankle sprains may become chronic (long-lasting). If this happens to you, your ankle may continue to be: […] Painful and swollen […] Weak or giving way easily. […] To help your ankle heal, your provider may treat you with a brace, a cast, or a splint, and may give you crutches to walk on. You may be asked to place only part or none of your weight on the bad ankle. You will also need to do physical therapy or exercises to help you recover from the injury. […] You can decrease swelling by: […] Resting and not putting weight on your foot […] Elevating your foot on a pillow at or above the level of your heart. […] Apply ice every hour while you are awake, 20 minutes at a time and covered by a towel or bag, for the first 24 hours after the injury.

• #1 Sprained Ankle: Symptoms, Types, Treatment & Recovery

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22048-sprained-ankle

  A sprained ankle is a common injury that occurs when the ankle ligaments are torn or stretched too far, often after a fall, or if you roll or twist your ankle. The majority of sprains heal on their own but treatment to strengthen the injured muscles can prevent future sprains. […] For the majority of ankle sprains, healthcare providers recommend using the PRICE method for the first 24-48 hours after injury. PRICE stands for protection, rest, ice, compression and elevation. […] If your sprain is very painful and swollen or you’re having trouble walking and putting pressure on your ankle, visit your healthcare provider for treatment. […] Most sprains heal on their own, but rebuilding strength in your ankle can help prevent future injuries. […] After treating your sprain with the PRICE method, you’ll need to build back flexibility and strength in your ankle. Perform exercises recommended by your healthcare provider or physical therapist to improve your range of motion. […] Rebuilding strength in your ankle after a sprain can help prevent future sprains.

• #1 Sprains – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sprains/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377943

  During the physical exam, your doctor will check for swelling and points of tenderness in your affected limb. The location and intensity of your pain can help determine the extent and nature of the damage. […] For immediate self-care of a sprain, try the R.I.C.E. approach rest, ice, compression, elevation: […] Rest. Avoid activities that cause pain, swelling or discomfort. But don’t avoid all physical activity. […] Ice. Even if you’re seeking medical help, ice the area immediately. Use an ice pack or slush bath of ice and water for 15 to 20 minutes each time and repeat every two to three hours while you’re awake for the first few days after the injury. […] Compression. To help stop swelling, compress the area with an elastic bandage until the swelling stops. Don’t wrap it too tightly or you may hinder circulation. Begin wrapping at the end farthest from your heart. Loosen the wrap if the pain increases, the area becomes numb or swelling is occurring below the wrapped area.

• #1 Sprains – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sprains/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377943

  Elevation. Elevate the injured area above the level of your heart, especially at night, which allows gravity to help reduce swelling. […] Over-the-counter pain medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) also can be helpful. […] After the first two days, gently begin to use the injured area. You should see a gradual, progressive improvement in the joint’s ability to support your weight or your ability to move without pain. Recovery from sprains can take days to months. […] A physical therapist can help you to maximize stability and strength of the injured joint or limb. Your doctor may suggest that you immobilize the area with a brace or splint. For some injuries, such as a torn ligament, surgery may be considered.

• #1 Care of your ankle injury — Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-leaflets/medicine-services/care-of-your-ankle-injury

  You have what is called a soft tissue injury also known as a strain or sprain. […] A sprain is an injury to a ligament. Ligaments are strong tissues around joints which attach bones together. They give support to joints. A ligament can be injured, usually by being stretched during a sudden pull. Ligaments around the ankle are the ones most commonly sprained. […] A damaged ligament causes inflammation, swelling and bleeding (bruising) around the affected joint. Movement of the ankle joint is painful when you have a sprained ankle. […] The main aims of treatment are to keep inflammation, swelling, and pain to a minimum, and be able to use the ankle joint normally again as quickly as possible. […] For the first 48-72 hours think of: Paying the PRICE Protect, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation.

• #1 Sprain: First aid

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-sprain/basics/art-20056622

  Ice the area. Use a cold pack, a bath of ice and water, or a compression sleeve filled with cold water to keep swelling down after an injury. Ice the area as soon as you can after the injury. […] Compress the area with an elastic wrap or bandage. Keeping pressure on the area might keep swelling down. […] Elevate the injured area. Keep it raised on a pillow or cushion above your heart whenever possible. This helps keep swelling down. […] Sprains can take days to months to heal. As the pain and swelling improve, gently begin using the injured area. It should get better over time. Pain relievers available without a prescription, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), might help ease pain. […] You must restore strength and stability to the injured area before you go back to sports or fitness activities. A physical therapist or other sports medicine professional can show you exercises to help you heal and help keep you from injuring the area again. […] See your healthcare professional if your sprain doesn’t get better after two or three days.

• #1 Sprains and strains

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sprains-and-strains/

  Speak to a pharmacist about the best treatment for you. They might suggest tablets, or a cream or gel you rub on the skin. […] After 2 weeks, most sprains and strains will feel better. […] Avoid strenuous exercise such as running for up to 8 weeks, as there’s a risk of further damage. […] Severe sprains and strains can take months to get back to normal. […] Sprains and strains happen when you overstretch or twist a muscle. […] If you need treatment for a sprain or strain you may be given self-care advice or prescribed a stronger painkiller. […] If you have a sprain or strain that’s taking longer than usual to get better, a GP may be able to refer you to a physiotherapist. […] If you have a sprain or strain, you might be able to refer yourself directly to services for help with your condition without seeing a GP.

• #1 Sprains and strains

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/sprains-and-strains/

  When you can move the injured area without pain stopping you, try to keep moving it. This is so the joint or muscle does not become stiff. […] Speak to a pharmacist about the best treatment for you. They might suggest tablets or a cream or gel you rub on the skin. […] Painkillers like paracetamol can ease the pain. […] Ibuprofen can bring down swelling. But you should not take ibuprofen for 48 hours after your injury because it may slow down healing. […] After 2 weeks, most sprains and strains will feel better. […] Avoid strenuous exercise such as running for up to 8 weeks. There’s a risk you could do more damage. […] Severe sprains and strains can take months to get back to normal. […] See your GP if: the injury is not feeling any better after treating it yourself, the pain or swelling is getting worse, you also have a very high temperature or feel hot and shivery this could be an infection.

• #1 Managing ankle sprains in primary care: what is best practice? A systematic review of the last 10 years of evidence – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20710025/

  Lace-up supports are a more effective functional treatment than elastic bandaging and result in less persistent swelling in the short term when compared with semi-rigid ankle supports, elastic bandaging and tape. […] Semi-rigid orthoses and pneumatic braces provide beneficial ankle support and may prevent subsequent sprains during high-risk sporting activity. […] Supervised rehabilitation training in combination with conventional treatment for acute lateral ankle sprains can be beneficial, although some of the studies reviewed gave conflicting outcomes. […] Therapeutic hyaluronic acid injections in the ankle are a relatively novel non-surgical treatment but may have a role in expediting return to sport after ankle sprain. […] There is a role for surgical intervention in severe acute and chronic ankle injuries, but the evidence is limited.

• #1 Recovering from an ankle sprain – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/recovering-from-an-ankle-sprain

  Unless your symptoms are mild or improving soon after the injury, contact your clinician. […] To recover from an ankle sprain fully, you’ll need to restore the normal range of motion to your ankle joint and strengthen its ligaments and supporting muscles. […] Studies have shown that people return to their normal activities sooner when their treatment emphasizes restoring ankle function often with the aid of splints, braces, taping, or elastic bandages rather than immobilization (such as use of a plaster cast). […] Generally, you can begin range-of-motion and stretching exercises within the first 48 hours and should continue until you’re as free of pain as you were before your sprain. […] If your symptoms aren’t better in two to four weeks, you may need to see a physical therapist or other specialist.

• #1 Managing ankle sprains in primary care: what is best practice? A systematic review of the last 10 years of evidence – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20710025/

  To summarize the best available evidence in the last decade for managing ankle sprains in the community, data were collected using MEDLINE database from January 2000 to December 2009. […] Ankle sprains occur commonly but their management is not always readily agreed. The Ottawa Ankle Rules are ubiquitous in the clinical pathway and can be reliably applied by emergency care physicians, primary care physicians and triage nurses. […] For mild-to-moderate ankle sprains, functional treatment options (which can consist of elastic bandaging, soft casting, taping or orthoses with associated coordination training) were found to be statistically better than immobilization for multiple outcome measures. […] For severe ankle sprains, a short period of immobilization in a below-knee cast or pneumatic brace results in a quicker recovery than tubular compression bandage alone.

• #1 Management of Ankle Sprains | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/0101/p93.html

  Prolonged immobilization of ankle sprains is a common treatment error. Functional stress stimulates the incorporation of stronger replacement collagen. Functional rehabilitation begins on the day of injury and continues until pain-free gait and activity are attained. The four components of rehabilitation are range-of-motion rehabilitation, progressive muscle-strengthening exercises, proprioceptive training and activity-specific training. […] Range of motion must be regained before functional rehabilitation is initiated. Regardless of weight-bearing capacity, Achilles tendon stretching should be instituted within 48 to 72 hours after the ankle injury because of the tendency of tissues to contract following trauma. […] Once range of motion is attained, and swelling and pain are controlled, the patient is ready to progress to the strengthening phase of rehabilitation. Strengthening of weakened muscles is essential to rapid recovery and important in preventing reinjury. Exercises should focus on the conditioning of peroneal muscles, because insufficient strength in this muscle group has been associated with ankle instability and recurrent injury.

• #1 Management of Ankle Sprains | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/0101/p93.html

  As the patient achieves full weight-bearing without pain, proprioceptive training is initiated for the recovery of balance and postural control. Various devices have been specifically designed for this phase of rehabilitation. Use of these devices in concert with a series of progressive drills can effectively return patients to a high functional level. […] When walking a specified distance is no longer limited by pain, the patient may progress to a regimen of 50 percent walking and 50 percent jogging. When this can be done without pain, jogging eventually progresses to forward, backward and pattern running.

• #1 Ankle sprains | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/ankle-sprains

  If you are unable to take any weight on the foot or able to take 4 steps, seek medical attention immediately. […] Recurring ankle sprains need thorough investigation and rehabilitation. […] Physiotherapy treatments may include: exercise programs to improve mobility of the joint, exercises to strengthen the muscles surrounding the ankle (peroneal muscles), advice on taping and ankle braces for use during activity, the use of a wobble board or trampoline to encourage balance and improve the proprioceptive deficit. […] There is strong evidence from research that starting this sort of exercise program in the first week after ankle sprain improves ankle function and early return to weight bearing activity such as walking. […] Suggestions to prevent ankle sprains include: Warm up prior to exercise include movements that are specific to the sport you are about to play. Wear supportive shoes appropriate to the sport. Consider ankle braces or tape, as directed by your physiotherapist. Take care when exercising on uneven or wet ground, especially in the first few weeks after a sprain.

• #1 Sprains: Types, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/sprains

  Its rare to need surgery after a sprain. You may need surgery for a severe sprain or other injuries like a broken bone or dislocation. […] You should expect to make a full recovery. Sprains are usually temporary injuries, and shouldnt have a long-term impact on your health or ability to stay active. […] Visit a healthcare provider if youve experienced an injury and have sprain symptoms. […] Sprains happen when a ligament is torn or damaged, usually when one of your joints moves further than it should. […] Almost everyones twisted an ankle, jammed a finger or had some kind of sprain in their lives. Theyre one of the most common injuries. Even if most sprains arent serious and will heal with rest and at-home treatments, dont ignore pain, swelling or instability in a joint. See a healthcare provider to get any injury diagnosed correctly, especially if its making it hard to use or move a joint.

• #1

  https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/how-to-care-for-a-sprained-ankle

  Compression can help control swelling as well as immobilize and support your injury. […] Elevate the foot by reclining and propping it up above the waist or heart as needed. […] For a Grade 2 (moderate) sprain, follow the R.I.C.E. guidelines and allow more time for healing. A doctor may immobilize or splint your sprained ankle. […] A Grade 3 (severe) sprain puts you at risk for permanent ankle looseness (instability). On rare occasions, surgery may be needed to repair the damage, especially in competitive athletes. For severe ankle sprains, your doctor may also consider treating you with a short leg cast for 2-3 weeks or a walking boot. People who sprain their ankle repeatedly may also need surgical repair to tighten their ligaments. […] Every ligament injury needs rehabilitation. Otherwise, your sprained ankle might not heal completely and you might re-injure it. All ankle sprains, from mild to severe, require three phases of recovery: Phase 1 includes resting, protecting, and reducing swelling of your injured ankle.

• #1 Sprained Ankle – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/sprained-ankle/

  Rehabilitation exercises during phase 2 and 3 of recovery are used to improve flexibility, strength, and proprioception (balance). […] Surgical treatment for ankle sprains is rare. […] Rehabilitation after surgery involves restoring strength and range of motion so you can return to pre-injury function. […] With proper treatment and rehabilitation, most patients are able to resume their day-to-day activities after a period of time. […] Incomplete rehabilitation is the most common cause of chronic ankle instability after a sprain. […] The best way to prevent ankle sprains is to maintain good muscle strength, balance, and flexibility.

• #1 Sprains and strains | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sprains-and-strains

  Its important to get the correct treatment as soon after the injury as possible to help faster recovery. […] Treatment may include: exercises under the guidance of your doctor or other health professional, to promote healing, strength and flexibility, bracing and external supports to help protect the injured area and allow greater participation in normal daily activities whilst the injury heals, manual techniques such as mobilisation and massage, electrotherapy, pain-relieving medication talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking any medications, as they can sometimes disrupt the healing of soft tissue injuries, gradually introducing activities to back-to-normal levels. […] Severe injuries, where the tissue has completely ruptured, may need surgery to put the torn pieces back together. […] Whether you have surgery or a period of immobilisation and physical therapy as the treatment for a grade III injury, medium to long-term functional outcomes is similar for either treatment.

• #1 Sprains And Strains Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/sprains-and-strains-nursing-management/

  A SPRAIN is a complete or incomplete tear in the supporting ligaments surrounding a joint. Common locations include the ankle, knee, wrist, thumb, shoulder, neck and lower back. […] A STRAIN is an overstretching injury to a muscle or tendon. Commonly affected areas are the groin, hamstring, calf, shoulder, and back muscles, and the Achilles tendons. […] Treatment of strains and sprains consists of resting and elevating the affected part, applying cold and using a compression bandage. […] The acronym RICE Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation is helpful for remembering treatment intervention. […] If the sprain is severe (torn muscle fibers and disrupted ligaments), surgical repair or cast immobilization may be necessary so that the joint will not lose its stability. […] Provide nursing care for a client who sustains a sprain

• #1 Sprains And Strains Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/sprains-and-strains-nursing-management/

  Elevate or immobilize the affected joint, and apply ice packs immediately […] Assist with tape, splint or cast application, as necessary […] Prepare the client with a severe sprain for surgical repair or reattachment, if indicated. […] Provide nursing care for a clients suffering muscle or tendon strain. […] Instruct the client to allow the muscle or tendon to rest and repair itself by avoiding use for approximately week and then by progressing activity gradually until healing is complete. […] Teach appropriate stretching exercises to be performed after healing to help prevent reinjury. […] Prepare the client for surgical repair in severe injury.

• #1 Nursing care plan for ankle sprain

  https://nursipedia.com/nursing-care-plan-ankle-sprain/

  Nursing care plan for ankle sprainNursing care plan for ankle sprain […] An ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries, with about 25,000 cases in the US each day. It involves the overstretching or tearing of ligaments that connect the bones of the lower leg, causing pain, swelling and sometimes bruising. Depending on the severity of the sprain, there are different treatments, ranging from resting and icing the joint to surgical repair of the torn ligaments. […] A nursing care plan should include an accurate nursing diagnosis, which will help guide treatment. Depending on the severity of the sprain, the nursing diagnoses may include pain, impaired mobility, decreased strength, risk for infection, and risk for skin breakdown. […] The goal of treatment is to reduce pain, improve mobility and strength, and prevent complications such as infection or skin breakdown. The desired outcome of the nursing care plan for an ankle sprain is for the patient to return to their full activity level without pain or discomfort.

• #1 Nursing care plan for ankle sprain

  https://nursipedia.com/nursing-care-plan-ankle-sprain/

  Interventions for an ankle sprain will depend on its severity. Mild sprains may only require rest, ice, and elevation. Severe sprains may require immobilization until the patient can regain weight-bearing capacity. […] Rationales should be provided when determining the best course of action for the patient. Rationales for treatment for an ankle sprain include reducing inflammation, promoting circulation, and preventing further injury. […] Evaluation of the effectiveness of the interventions should be done regularly. The patient should be assessed for pain reduction, improved range of motion and strength, and prevention of complications. […] An ankle sprain is a common injury that can be treated through rest, ice, elevation, and immobilization. The goal of treatment is to reduce pain, improve mobility, and prevent complications.

• #1 Section 7. Contusions, Sprains, Strains, and Dislocations – Nursing Care Related to the Musculoskeletal System

  https://brooksidepress.org/musculoskeletal_nursing_care/sections-2/section-7-contusions-sprains-strains-and-dislocations/

  b. Nursing management for a sprain includes immobilization with a splint. If a splint is not available, adhesive tape or elastic bandages may be used. The joint should be rested and elevated whenever possible and cold compresses applied. The initial application of cold, and later application of heat, is done in the same manner as for a contusion. […] a strain is the result of overstretching or overexertion of muscles or tendons so that some part of the musculature is stretched. […] Nursing management includes placing the patient in a position of comfort to lessen the tension and reduce pressure. Immobilization of the affected area will reduce the pain and application of heat will usually provide relief as well.

• #1 Sprains and Strains

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/orthopedics/conditions-treatments/sprains-strains/

  The ankle is the most commonly sprained joint, and a sprained ankle is more likely if you’ve had a previous sprain there. Repeated sprains can lead to ankle arthritis, a loose ankle or tendon injury. […] A severe sprain or strain may require surgery or immobilization, followed by physical therapy. Mild sprains and strains may require rehabilitation exercises and a change in activity during recovery. In all but mild cases, your health care provider should evaluate the injury and establish a treatment and rehabilitation plan. Meanwhile, rest, ice, compression and elevation (called RICE) usually will help minimize damage caused by sprains and strains.

• #1 Sprains Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/injury/sprains

  Go to the hospital right away or call 911 or the local emergency number if: You think you have a broken bone. The joint appears out of position. You have a serious injury or severe pain. You hear a popping sound and have immediate problems using the joint. […] The following steps may lower your risk for a sprain: Wear protective footwear during activities that place stress on your ankle and other joints. Make sure that shoes fit your feet properly. Avoid high-heeled shoes. Always warm-up and stretch before doing exercise and sports. Avoid sports and activities for which you have not trained.

• #1 Sprained Ankle: Treatment & Symptoms | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/sports-medicine/conditions/foot-ankle/ankle-sprain

  During recovery, patients will focus on range-of-motion exercises, isometric strengthening, and balance. […] A grade 1 sprain can take one to three weeks for recovery, while a grade 2 can take three to six weeks, and a grade 3 or a high ankle sprain recovery can last several months. […] A strong ankle and proper warm-up can help limit the risk of ankle sprains. Tips for ankle sprain prevention include: Strengthening ankles through exercises, moving carefully across uneven surfaces, warming up properly before physical activity, selecting the proper type of shoes for the activity, improving stability and balance. […] For the first 24 hours, practice RICE rest, ice, compression, and elevation but following that, range-of-motion exercise will help strengthen the ligaments. Improving balance and ankle strength will offer the best chance of a full recovery.

• #1 Is It a Sprain or a Strain? How to Tell the Difference > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/difference-between-sprain-and-strain

  If you are in significant pain, seek immediate medical care. But if the injuryor painis mild, medical professionals often recommend trying to treat it at home first with the RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) methodwith modifications. […] Recovery time from a sprain or strain depends on many factors, including the severity of the injury and the location in the body. Mild sprains or strains, particularly in young athletes, often heal within days to a couple of weeks, Dr. Schmidt says. […] It’s important to let sprains and strains heal fully, Dr. Schmidt says, because the areas where theyve occurred can be prone to re-injury. […] While sprains and strains cant always be avoided, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk. For example, if you are an athlete, its wise to perform mobility and flexibility exercises, which are designed to increase the range of motion in a joint. […] Another way to avoid sprains and strains is to not increase your physical activity too quickly, Dr. Schmidt says.

• #1 Ankle sprain – aftercare Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/ankle-sprain-aftercare

  Pain medicines, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, may help to ease pain and swelling. […] Your provider will give you exercises to strengthen your foot and ankle. Doing these exercises can help prevent future sprains and chronic ankle pain. […] You should contact your provider if you notice any of the following: […] You cannot walk, or walking is very painful. […] The pain does not get better after ice, rest, and pain medicine. […] Your ankle does not feel any better after 5 to 7 days. […] Your ankle continues to feel weak or gives away easily. […] Your ankle is increasingly discolored (red or black and blue), or it becomes numb or tingly, feels cold, or has changes in sensation.

• #1 Sprains & Strains — Know When to Go to the ER

  https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/know-when-to-go/sprains–strains

  Seek emergency care if: You experience a popping sound or feeling in the joint upon injuring it, or if you are unable to use the joint. Apply ice or a cold pack on the way to the doctor. The area is hot and inflamed and you have a fever (indicating a possible infection). The sprain is severe, in which case a delay in treatment might result in chronic pain or long-term joint problems. Joint pain doesnt diminish after two or three days. […] Anyone who thinks they’re having a medical emergency should not hesitate to seek care.

• #1

  https://www.precisionorthomd.com/your-guide-to-nursing-a-sprain-strain-or-tear/

  When it comes to taking care of a sprain, strain, or tear, it largely comes down to a matter of patience and attentiveness. The recovery period can be frustrating, especially when you feel you have endless things to do, all of which don’t include putting your feet up. But it’s essential to go easy, and allow your body the time it needs to fully heal. […] Recognizing the severity of the injury, practicing RICE therapy, managing pain, and slowly reintroducing movement are all part of the healing journey. Above all, never hesitate to seek professional medical advice when needed to ensure a safe and effective recovery.

• #2 Sprains and strains | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sprains-and-strains

  A sprain is an injury to the ligaments and capsule of a joint in the body. […] Immediate treatment of sprains or strains includes protection, relative rest (for example avoiding activities that significantly increase your pain but otherwise remaining gently active), ice, compression and elevation. […] Ongoing treatment and supervision of return to work or sport is suggested through your physiotherapist. […] A sprain is an injury that involves tearing of the ligaments or joint capsule or both. […] Common sites for sprains include the thumb, ankle and knee. […] Suggestions for immediate treatment of acute sprains or strains include: Stop your activity. Rest the injured area. Put icepacks on the area for 20 minutes every 2 waking hours, separated from the skin by wet towelling. Compress or bandage the injured site firmly, extending the wrapping from below to above. Elevate (raise) the injured area above heart height whenever practical.

• #2 Sprains – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sprains/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377943

  Elevation. Elevate the injured area above the level of your heart, especially at night, which allows gravity to help reduce swelling. […] Over-the-counter pain medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) also can be helpful. […] After the first two days, gently begin to use the injured area. You should see a gradual, progressive improvement in the joint’s ability to support your weight or your ability to move without pain. Recovery from sprains can take days to months. […] A physical therapist can help you to maximize stability and strength of the injured joint or limb. Your doctor may suggest that you immobilize the area with a brace or splint. For some injuries, such as a torn ligament, surgery may be considered.

• #2 Sprains Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/injury/sprains

  A sprain is an injury to the ligaments around a joint. Ligaments are strong, flexible fibers that hold bones together. When a ligament is stretched too far or tears, the area around the joint will become painful and swell. […] Sprains are caused when a joint is forced to move into an unnatural position. For example, „twisting” one’s ankle causes a sprain to the ligaments around the ankle. […] Symptoms of a sprain include: Joint pain or muscle pain, Swelling, Joint stiffness, Discoloration of the skin, especially bruising. […] First aid steps include: Apply ice right away to reduce swelling. Wrap the ice in cloth. Do not place ice directly on the skin. Wrap a bandage around the affected area to limit movement. Wrap firmly, but not tightly. Use a splint if needed. Keep the swollen joint raised above your heart, even while sleeping. Rest the affected joint for several days. Avoid putting stress on the joint because it can make the injury worse. A sling for the arm, or crutches or a brace for the leg can protect the injury. Aspirin, ibuprofen, or other pain relievers can help. DO NOT give aspirin to children. Keep pressure off the injured area until the pain goes away. Most of the time, a mild sprain will heal in 7 to 10 days. It may take several weeks for pain to go away after a bad sprain. Your health care provider may recommend crutches. Physical therapy can help you regain motion and strength of the injured area.

• #2 Sprains and strains

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sprains-and-strains/

  Sprains and strains are common injuries affecting the muscles and ligaments. Most can be treated at home without seeing a GP. […] It’s likely to be a sprain or strain if: you have pain, tenderness or weakness usually around your ankle, foot, wrist, thumb, knee, leg or back; the injured area is swollen or bruised; you cannot put weight on the injury or use it normally; you have muscle spasms or cramping where your muscles painfully tighten on their own. […] For the first 2 to 3 days after a sprain or strain, follow the 5 steps known as PRICE therapy to help bring down swelling and support the injury: Protection protect the injury, for example by using a support, or shoes that support your foot or ankle; Rest stop any exercise or activities and try not to put any weight on the injury; Ice apply an ice pack (or a bag of frozen vegetables wrapped in a tea towel) to the injury for up to 20 minutes every 2 to 3 hours; Compression wrap a bandage around the injury to support it during the day; Elevate keep it raised on a pillow as much as possible.

• #2 Sprains – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sprains/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377943

  During the physical exam, your doctor will check for swelling and points of tenderness in your affected limb. The location and intensity of your pain can help determine the extent and nature of the damage. […] For immediate self-care of a sprain, try the R.I.C.E. approach rest, ice, compression, elevation: […] Rest. Avoid activities that cause pain, swelling or discomfort. But don’t avoid all physical activity. […] Ice. Even if you’re seeking medical help, ice the area immediately. Use an ice pack or slush bath of ice and water for 15 to 20 minutes each time and repeat every two to three hours while you’re awake for the first few days after the injury. […] Compression. To help stop swelling, compress the area with an elastic bandage until the swelling stops. Don’t wrap it too tightly or you may hinder circulation. Begin wrapping at the end farthest from your heart. Loosen the wrap if the pain increases, the area becomes numb or swelling is occurring below the wrapped area.

• #2 Strains and Sprains: First Aid (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/strains-sprains-sheet.html

  Strains are injuries to muscle or tendons (which connect muscle to bone). […] Sprains involve a stretch or a partial tear of ligaments (which connect two bones). […] Sprains and strains happen more often in teens than in younger children. […] Make sure your child stops activity right away. […] For 23 days, to help with pain and swelling: Have your child rest the injured area. […] While your child is awake, place a bag of ice wrapped in a towel on the area for 1520 minutes, 34 times a day. Do not put ice directly on the skin. […] If the sprain or strain is on an arm, leg, hand, or foot, wrap the injured area loosely in an elastic bandage. But do not wrap if the area is on the head, neck, or torso (chest or belly). […] Keep the injured area above heart level by resting it on a pillow.

• #2

  https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/how-to-care-for-a-sprained-ankle

  Compression can help control swelling as well as immobilize and support your injury. […] Elevate the foot by reclining and propping it up above the waist or heart as needed. […] For a Grade 2 (moderate) sprain, follow the R.I.C.E. guidelines and allow more time for healing. A doctor may immobilize or splint your sprained ankle. […] A Grade 3 (severe) sprain puts you at risk for permanent ankle looseness (instability). On rare occasions, surgery may be needed to repair the damage, especially in competitive athletes. For severe ankle sprains, your doctor may also consider treating you with a short leg cast for 2-3 weeks or a walking boot. People who sprain their ankle repeatedly may also need surgical repair to tighten their ligaments. […] Every ligament injury needs rehabilitation. Otherwise, your sprained ankle might not heal completely and you might re-injure it. All ankle sprains, from mild to severe, require three phases of recovery: Phase 1 includes resting, protecting, and reducing swelling of your injured ankle.

• #2 Sprains And Strains Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/sprains-and-strains-nursing-management/

  Elevate or immobilize the affected joint, and apply ice packs immediately […] Assist with tape, splint or cast application, as necessary […] Prepare the client with a severe sprain for surgical repair or reattachment, if indicated. […] Provide nursing care for a clients suffering muscle or tendon strain. […] Instruct the client to allow the muscle or tendon to rest and repair itself by avoiding use for approximately week and then by progressing activity gradually until healing is complete. […] Teach appropriate stretching exercises to be performed after healing to help prevent reinjury. […] Prepare the client for surgical repair in severe injury.

• #2 Management of Ankle Sprains | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/0101/p93.html

  Prolonged immobilization of ankle sprains is a common treatment error. Functional stress stimulates the incorporation of stronger replacement collagen. Functional rehabilitation begins on the day of injury and continues until pain-free gait and activity are attained. The four components of rehabilitation are range-of-motion rehabilitation, progressive muscle-strengthening exercises, proprioceptive training and activity-specific training. […] Range of motion must be regained before functional rehabilitation is initiated. Regardless of weight-bearing capacity, Achilles tendon stretching should be instituted within 48 to 72 hours after the ankle injury because of the tendency of tissues to contract following trauma. […] Once range of motion is attained, and swelling and pain are controlled, the patient is ready to progress to the strengthening phase of rehabilitation. Strengthening of weakened muscles is essential to rapid recovery and important in preventing reinjury. Exercises should focus on the conditioning of peroneal muscles, because insufficient strength in this muscle group has been associated with ankle instability and recurrent injury.

• #2 Ankle sprain – aftercare Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/ankle-sprain-aftercare

  You may feel strong pain and have a lot of swelling. […] You may not be able to walk, or walking may be painful. […] Some ankle sprains may become chronic (long-lasting). If this happens to you, your ankle may continue to be: […] Painful and swollen […] Weak or giving way easily. […] To help your ankle heal, your provider may treat you with a brace, a cast, or a splint, and may give you crutches to walk on. You may be asked to place only part or none of your weight on the bad ankle. You will also need to do physical therapy or exercises to help you recover from the injury. […] You can decrease swelling by: […] Resting and not putting weight on your foot […] Elevating your foot on a pillow at or above the level of your heart. […] Apply ice every hour while you are awake, 20 minutes at a time and covered by a towel or bag, for the first 24 hours after the injury.

• #2 Sprains Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/injury/sprains

  Go to the hospital right away or call 911 or the local emergency number if: You think you have a broken bone. The joint appears out of position. You have a serious injury or severe pain. You hear a popping sound and have immediate problems using the joint. […] The following steps may lower your risk for a sprain: Wear protective footwear during activities that place stress on your ankle and other joints. Make sure that shoes fit your feet properly. Avoid high-heeled shoes. Always warm-up and stretch before doing exercise and sports. Avoid sports and activities for which you have not trained.

• #3

  https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/how-to-care-for-a-sprained-ankle

  Compression can help control swelling as well as immobilize and support your injury. […] Elevate the foot by reclining and propping it up above the waist or heart as needed. […] For a Grade 2 (moderate) sprain, follow the R.I.C.E. guidelines and allow more time for healing. A doctor may immobilize or splint your sprained ankle. […] A Grade 3 (severe) sprain puts you at risk for permanent ankle looseness (instability). On rare occasions, surgery may be needed to repair the damage, especially in competitive athletes. For severe ankle sprains, your doctor may also consider treating you with a short leg cast for 2-3 weeks or a walking boot. People who sprain their ankle repeatedly may also need surgical repair to tighten their ligaments. […] Every ligament injury needs rehabilitation. Otherwise, your sprained ankle might not heal completely and you might re-injure it. All ankle sprains, from mild to severe, require three phases of recovery: Phase 1 includes resting, protecting, and reducing swelling of your injured ankle.

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