Rak pochwy
Objawy

Rak pochwy, choć rzadki, stanowi istotne wyzwanie diagnostyczne ze względu na często bezobjawowy przebieg we wczesnych stadiach. Najczęściej diagnozowany jest u kobiet po 60. roku życia, ze średnim wiekiem 67 lat. Kluczowe objawy obejmują nieprawidłowe krwawienia (po menopauzie, po stosunku, międzymiesiączkowe), upławy o różnym charakterze, ból podczas stosunku, wyczuwalny guz, oraz zaburzenia mikcji i defekacji. Zaawansowane stadia manifestują się dodatkowymi symptomami, takimi jak ból przy oddawaniu moczu, obrzęk kończyn dolnych, przetoki czy utrata masy ciała. Diagnostyka opiera się na badaniu ginekologicznym, cytologii oraz biopsji, a w celu oceny zaawansowania stosuje się MRI, PET i TK. Klasyfikacja obejmuje zmiany przedrakowe (VAIN 1-3) oraz inwazyjne stadia I-IV, z podziałem na podstadia IVA i IVB w stadium IV.

Rak pochwy – Objawy i progresja

Rak pochwy jest rzadkim nowotworem zlokalizowanym w pochwie. Objawy we wczesnym stadium często nie występują, co sprawia, że regularne badania ginekologiczne i cytologia są niezwykle istotne dla wczesnego wykrycia zmian nowotworowych. Rak pochwy najczęściej występuje u kobiet po 60. roku życia, ze średnim wiekiem diagnozy wynoszącym 67 lat.12

Najczęstsze objawy raka pochwy

Większość pacjentek z inwazyjnym rakiem pochwy doświadcza przynajmniej jednego z poniższych objawów, choć warto podkreślić, że około 20% kobiet może nie wykazywać żadnych symptomów.12 Najczęściej występującymi objawami raka pochwy są:

  • Nieprawidłowe krwawienie z pochwy – niezwiązane z miesiączką, po stosunku płciowym lub po menopauzie12
  • Upławy pochwowe – wodniste, krwiste lub o nieprzyjemnym zapachu12
  • Ból podczas stosunku płciowego12
  • Wyczuwalny guz lub zmiana w pochwie12
  • Problemy z oddawaniem moczu – ból, częstomocz, krew w moczu12
  • Zaburzenia pracy jelitzaparcia, krew w kale, uczucie parcia na stolec przy pustym jelicie12
  • Ból w okolicy miednicy12

Objawy zaawansowanego raka pochwy

W zaawansowanych stadiach raka pochwy, gdy nowotwór rozprzestrzenia się poza pochwę do okolicznych tkanek i węzłów chłonnych, mogą pojawić się dodatkowe objawy:12

  • Bolesne oddawanie moczu – w przypadku naciekania pęcherza moczowego1
  • Nasilone zaparcia – wynikające z ucisku na odbytnicę1
  • Przewlekły ból miednicy – promieniujący do pleców lub nóg12
  • Obrzęk nóg – spowodowany blokadą węzłów chłonnych12
  • Przetoki – nieprawidłowe połączenia między pochwą a pęcherzem moczowym lub odbytnicą12
  • Niezamierzona utrata masy ciała12
  • Przewlekłe zmęczenie1

Stadia zaawansowania raka pochwy

Stopień zaawansowania raka pochwy ma kluczowe znaczenie dla określenia rokowania oraz wyboru metody leczenia. Wyróżnia się następujące stadia:12

Stadium przedinwazyjne

Śródnabłonkowa neoplazja pochwowa (VAIN) reprezentuje zmiany przedrakowe. Wyróżnia się trzy stopnie:12

  • VAIN 1 – łagodne zmiany, które mogą ustąpić samoistnie
  • VAIN 2 – umiarkowane zmiany dysplastyczne
  • VAIN 3 – zaawansowane zmiany dysplastyczne, które mogą przekształcić się w raka inwazyjnego

Stadia inwazyjnego raka pochwy

Inwazyjny rak pochwy klasyfikuje się w czterech stadiach:123

  • Stadium I – nowotwór ograniczony tylko do ściany pochwy
  • Stadium II – nowotwór przechodzi przez ścianę pochwy do tkanki otaczającej pochwę, ale nie dochodzi do ściany miednicy
  • Stadium III – nowotwór rozprzestrzenia się do ściany miednicy i/lub może zajmować okoliczne węzły chłonne
  • Stadium IV – dzieli się na dwa podstadia:
    • Stadium IVA – nowotwór rozprzestrzenia się do narządów sąsiadujących, takich jak pęcherz moczowy lub odbytnica
    • Stadium IVB – nowotwór rozprzestrzenia się do odległych narządów, takich jak płuca lub kości

Progresja choroby i rokowanie

Nieleczony rak pochwy stopniowo się rozrasta i nacieka okoliczne tkanki. Z czasem może przedostać się do naczyń krwionośnych i limfatycznych, co umożliwia rozprzestrzenianie się do pęcherza moczowego, odbytnicy, okolicznych węzłów chłonnych i innych narządów.12

Naturalny przebieg choroby

Rak płaskonabłonkowy pochwy, który jest najczęstszym typem, zazwyczaj rozwija się powoli, przez wiele lat, począwszy od zmian przedrakowych (VAIN). To daje możliwość wykrycia i leczenia zmian, zanim przekształcą się w raka inwazyjnego.12

Wykrycie nawet bezobjawowego inwazyjnego raka pochwy może nastąpić podczas rutynowego badania ginekologicznego lub badania cytologicznego. Dlatego regularne badania profilaktyczne są kluczowe dla wczesnego rozpoznania choroby.12

Rokowanie w zależności od stadium zaawansowania

Rokowanie w raku pochwy zależy głównie od stadium zaawansowania w momencie rozpoznania:123

  • W stadium I (rak ograniczony do ściany pochwy) – 5-letnie przeżycie wynosi około 77-84%
  • Gdy nowotwór rozprzestrzenia się do okolicznych tkanek (stadium II) – 5-letnie przeżycie wynosi około 75%
  • Przy zajęciu węzłów chłonnych – 5-letnie przeżycie spada do około 40-57%
  • W przypadku przerzutów odległych (stadium IVB) – tylko około 19-21% pacjentek przeżywa 5 lat

Kiedy zgłosić się do lekarza

Należy bezwzględnie skonsultować się z lekarzem, jeśli zauważysz którykolwiek z następujących objawów:123

  • Jakiekolwiek krwawienie z pochwy po menopauzie
  • Krwawienie po stosunku płciowym
  • Krwawienie międzymiesiączkowe
  • Nietypowe upławy z pochwy, zwłaszcza o nieprzyjemnym zapachu lub zabarwione krwią
  • Wyczuwalny guz lub zmiana w pochwie
  • Utrzymujący się ból w okolicy miednicy
  • Przewlekłe problemy z oddawaniem moczu lub stolca

Warto podkreślić, że wymienione objawy rzadko wskazują na tak poważną chorobę jak rak pochwy. Najczęściej są związane z innymi, mniej groźnymi schorzeniami, takimi jak infekcje pochwy. Jednak ze względu na to, że wczesne wykrycie raka pochwy znacząco zwiększa szanse na skuteczne leczenie, każdy niepokojący objaw powinien być skonsultowany z lekarzem.123

Podstawą diagnostyki będzie badanie ginekologiczne, cytologia oraz w razie potrzeby biopsja podejrzanych zmian. W przypadku wykrycia nowotworu, dalsze badania obrazowe (MRI, PET, tomografia komputerowa) pomogą określić stopień zaawansowania choroby i dostosować odpowiednie leczenie.12

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Vaginal Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559126/
    The pathways of carcinogenesis for vaginal cancer can be divided into human papillomavirus (HPV) induced and non-HPV induced. […] Like the premalignant cervical lesions and carcinoma of the cervix, continual HPV infection, especially the HPV 16 subtype, is associated with the long-term development of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and carcinoma of the vagina. […] The average age of diagnosis is 67 years. Approximately 15% of women are diagnosed under age 50; these are usually associated with cervical cancer. […] Early vaginal cancers are generally treated with surgery or radiation therapy. Advanced cancers are treated with radiation therapy and the simultaneous administration of combined chemotherapy; surgery has a limited role due to the proximity of the bladder, urethra, and rectum.
  • #1 Signs and Symptoms of Vaginal Cancer | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html
    When vaginal cancer is small and only in the cells lining the vagina, it might not cause symptoms. Invasive vaginal cancer tends to be bigger and has spread into nearby tissues, like deeper into the wall of the vagina. Most women with invasive vaginal cancer have one or more symptoms, such as: […] Advanced vaginal cancer has spread beyond the vagina to nearby structures and lymph nodes. Symptoms of advanced vaginal cancer may be: […] Having these symptoms does not always mean that you have cancer. In fact, these symptoms are more likely to be caused by something besides cancer, like an infection. The only way to know whats causing these problems is to see a health care professional. […] If you have any of these symptoms, discuss them with a doctor right away. Remember, the sooner the problem is correctly diagnosed, the sooner you can start treatment, and the better the treatment might work.
  • #1 Vaginal Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15579-vaginal-cancer
    Vaginal cancer is a rare cancer that usually forms in your vaginal lining. Vaginal cancer doesn’t always cause symptoms, which is why it’s a good idea to get regular pelvic exams and Pap smears to detect cancer early. […] When symptoms occur, they include: Vaginal bleeding (unrelated to menstruation) after intercourse. Vaginal bleeding after menopause (when you no longer get periods). Vaginal discharge that’s watery, bloody or foul-smelling. Pain during intercourse. A noticeable mass in your vagina. Painful urination or frequently feeling the urge to pee. Constipation or black-colored stools. Feeling the urge to poop when your bowels are empty. Pelvic pain. […] Although 8 in 10 people with invasive vaginal cancer have one or more of these symptoms, these symptoms rarely indicate a condition as serious as vaginal cancer. Still, you should see your provider as soon as possible if you notice these signs.
  • #1 Symptoms of vaginal cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/vaginal-cancer/symptoms
    Its rare to have symptoms if you have very early vaginal cancer or abnormal cell changes in the lining of the vagina, called vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). […] The most common symptoms of vaginal cancer include: bleeding in between periods or after the menopause, bleeding or spotting after sex, vaginal discharge that smells or is blood stained, pain during sexual intercourse, a lump or growth in the vagina that you or your doctor can feel. […] These symptoms are more likely with advanced vaginal cancer: constipation, feeling unable to completely empty your bowels even if there is nothing there to come out, swelling in your legs (oedema), pain in the pelvic area that wont go away, pain when going for a wee, blood in your wee, or going more often than usual. […] If you have any of these symptoms you must get them checked by your GP. But remember, they can all be caused by other conditions. Most people with these symptoms dont have vaginal cancer.
  • #1 Vaginal Cancer – Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance
    https://ocrahope.org/for-patients/gynecologic-cancers/vaginal-cancer/
    Vaginal cancer may be asymptomatic or may be associated with symptoms depending on the size of the tumor and its location. When present, symptoms of vaginal cancer can include one or more of the following: […] Advanced vaginal cancer means the cancer has spread beyond the vagina into nearby parts of the body or lymph nodes. Advanced vaginal cancer symptoms can include painful urination, constipation, pain in pelvis or lower belly, back pain, or swelling in the legs.
  • #1 Stages and grades for vaginal cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/vaginal-cancer/staging
    Stage 1 vaginal cancer means that the cancer has started to grow into the wall of the vagina but has not spread further. […] This means that the cancer has spread outside the vagina and reached the side walls of the pelvis. This might cause problems when you are having a wee, for example, pain when weeing or blood in your wee. There may also be cancer cells in lymph nodes close to the vagina. […] This stage is advanced vaginal cancer. This means that the cancer has spread to other body organs outside the vagina. […] This stage is not usually curable. But radiotherapy can relieve symptoms such as pain, swelling or bleeding.
  • #1 Just diagnosed, horrendous symptoms – Macmillan Online Community
    https://community.macmillan.org.uk/cancer_types/vagina-cancer-forum/f/new-here-say-hello/271245/just-diagnosed-horrendous-symptoms
    I have vaginal tumour 6x4cm, awaiting pet scan results. MRI showed some suspicious iliac nodes on right side. pain in rectum is horrendous even after morphine and paracetamol. […] The pain sounds horrible and if the morphine and the paracetamol are not managing it then also call either your GP or NHS111 for some advice. […] Because of our anatomy the tumour could indeed be pressing on your rectum and bladder. This could be some of the reason that you feel so uncomfortable. […] The position of your tumour will likely be the reason for the pain you are experiencing, but if its becoming too difficult to manage, Id be asking for an increased dose of pain relief if possible, and use stool softeners as opiates can have a constipating effect which adds to your discomfort. […] My Pet scan results came back: no evidence of cancer anywhere else in the body! Great news! My case will be discussed at the Liverpool Womens MDY next Wednesday. How long after that do you think I can expect to be contacted? And how long after do you think I can expect to start treatment? Getting desperate because the tumour is now pressing on bladder and bowel, causing problems, and obviously Im at risk for another big bleed.
  • #1 Vaginal Cancer | Apollo Hospitals
    https://www.apollohospitals.com/health-library/vaginal-cancer-2
    Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding: Unusual bleeding, especially after intercourse, between periods, or after menopause. […] Vaginal Discharge: Persistent or unusual vaginal discharge, often watery, blood-tinged, or foul-smelling. […] Pain During Intercourse: Discomfort or pain during sexual activity, which may be a sign of abnormal growths in the vaginal lining. […] Pelvic Pain: Unexplained pain in the pelvic area, which may worsen over time as the cancer progresses. […] Lump or Mass in the Vagina: A noticeable lump or mass may be felt inside the vagina. […] As vaginal cancer progresses, symptoms may become more pronounced. Stage 3 or stage 4 vaginal cancer symptoms include: […] Severe Pelvic Pain: Persistent pain that radiates to the back or legs, indicating that the cancer has spread to nearby tissues.
  • #1 Symptoms of vaginal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/vaginal/signs-and-symptoms
    Vaginal cancer may not cause any signs or symptoms in its early stages. Signs and symptoms often appear as the tumour grows and causes changes in the body. Other health conditions can cause the same symptoms as vaginal cancer. […] The signs or symptoms of vaginal cancer include: bleeding from the vagina that isnt normal (bleeding after sex, after menopause or between menstrual periods) […] vaginal discharge that smells foul or has blood in it […] painful sexual intercourse […] a lump in the vagina that can be felt […] constant pain in the pelvis, back, legs and perineum (area between vagina and anus) […] change in bladder habits including pain, burning or trouble urinating, the need to urinate often, blood in the urine and urgent need to urinate […] change in bowel habits including blood in the stool, constipation and painful bowel movements […] swelling in the legs or groin.
  • #1 Vaginal Cancer – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/cancers-of-the-female-reproductive-system/vaginal-cancer
    Cancer of the vagina, an uncommon cancer, usually develops in the cells lining the vagina, typically in women over 60 years old. […] Vaginal cancer may cause abnormal vaginal bleeding, particularly after sexual intercourse or in postmenopausal women. […] The most common symptom of vaginal cancer is abnormal bleeding from the vagina, which may occur during or after sexual intercourse, between menstrual periods, or after menopause. […] Large cancers can also affect the bladder, causing a frequent urge to urinate and pain during urination. In advanced cancer, abnormal connections (fistulas) may form between the vagina and the bladder or rectum. […] If untreated, vaginal cancer continues to grow and invades surrounding tissue. Eventually, it may enter blood and lymphatic vessels, then spread to the bladder, rectum, nearby lymph nodes, and other parts of the body. […] The prognosis for women with vaginal cancer depends on the stage of the cancer.
  • #1 Vaginal Cancer – Symptoms, Types, Causes & Diagnosis
    https://www.ganeshdiagnostic.com/blog/vaginal-cancer-symptoms-types-causes-and-diagnosis
    Itching or burning in the vagina: Women with vaginal cancer may experience itching or burning in the vagina, which can be a sign of an illness. […] Pain or discomfort in the vaginal area: Women with vaginal cancer may experience pain or discomfort in the vaginal area, which can be a sign of a tumor pressing against nearby nerves or organs. […] Difficulty urinating: Women with vaginal cancer may experience difficulty urinating, which can be a sign of a tumor pressing against the bladder or urethra. […] Unexplained weight loss: Weight loss that is unexplained in women with vaginal cancer may indicate that the disease has progressed to other bodily organs.
  • #1 Vaginal Cancer | Apollo Hospitals
    https://www.apollohospitals.com/health-library/vaginal-cancer-2
    Difficulty Urinating or Bowel Movements: Tumors pressing on the bladder or rectum may cause problems with urination or defecation. […] Vaginal Bleeding: Heavy, persistent vaginal bleeding, particularly in postmenopausal women. […] Swelling in the Legs: Advanced vaginal cancer may block lymph nodes, causing fluid buildup and swelling in the legs. […] Stage 4 vaginal cancer is the most advanced stage, where cancer has spread beyond the pelvis to distant parts of the body. Symptoms at this stage may include: […] Severe Pain: Intense pain in the pelvic region or other affected areas. […] Difficulty with Bodily Functions: Problems with urination, defecation, or sexual function due to tumor growth. […] Unexplained Weight Loss: Rapid, unintentional weight loss is a common symptom of advanced cancer. […] Fatigue: Persistent tiredness or weakness due to the spread of the disease.
  • #1 Vaginal cancer: Symptoms, causes, and treatment
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172855
    If a person notices any of these symptoms, they should seek an appointment with their doctor. […] The stage of vaginal cancer defines how treatable the cancer is and what the outlook for a person will be. […] When cells in the tissue of the vaginal lining are abnormal but have not yet reached the stage of cancer, it is known as VAIN. These cells may still become cancerous; some doctors call VAIN stage 0 vaginal cancer. […] Other stages depend on how far vaginal cancer has spread from the vaginal wall. These include: Stage 1: The cancer has not spread from the vaginal wall. Stage 2: Cancerous cells are also identifiable in the tissue surrounding the vagina but not the pelvis. Stage 3: The cancer has reached the wall of the pelvis. Stage 4: Two substages define the most severe form of cancer. In stage 4A, the cancer has spread from the vagina to the linings of the bladder or rectum, or beyond the region of the bladder, cervix, and pelvis. In stage 4B, the cancer has reached a distant organ, such as the lung or bone.
  • #1 Vaginal Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/vaginal/patient/vaginal-treatment-pdq
    Vaginal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the vagina. […] Signs and symptoms of vaginal cancer include pain or abnormal vaginal bleeding. […] Vaginal cancer often does not cause early signs or symptoms. It may be found during a routine pelvic exam and Pap test. Signs and symptoms may be caused by vaginal cancer or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: […] Bleeding or discharge not related to menstrual periods. […] Pain during sexual intercourse. […] Pain in the pelvic area. […] A lump in the vagina. […] Pain when urinating. […] Constipation. […] Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) may become cancer and spread into the vaginal wall. […] In stage I, cancer is only found in the vaginal wall. […] In stage II, cancer has spread through the wall of the vagina to the tissue around the vagina. Cancer has not spread to the wall of the pelvis.
  • #1
    https://bpac.org.nz/2023/vaginal-cancer.aspx
    Abnormal vaginal bleeding or malodorous discharge are the most frequently reported symptoms of vaginal cancer. Some people may be asymptomatic. People with advanced vaginal cancer typically experience pelvic pain and urinary and bowel dysfunction. […] Symptoms of vaginal cancer, e.g. abnormal vaginal bleeding or malodorous discharge, tend to be non-specific and are commonly related to another cause, e.g. medicines, vaginal infection. In some cases, the patient or their partner will have detected a possible mass or lesion in the vagina. In more advanced vaginal cancer, symptoms may include, pelvic pain, urinary retention, dysuria, haematuria, tenesmus, constipation or melaena. […] Squamous cell carcinomas of the vagina typically arise from pre-cancerous lesions vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia that occur from infection with HPV. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) represent a transient infection that will resolve for the majority of people. However, for some people, infection persists and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) develop which can then progress to invasive vaginal cancer. The risk of progression from HSIL to invasive vaginal cancer is relatively low and ranges from 2 12%.
  • #1 Vaginal Cancer | Foundation For Women’s Cancer
    https://foundationforwomenscancer.org/gynecologic-cancers/gynecologic-cancer-types/vaginal-cancer/
    Vaginal cancer, especially at the precancerous and early stages, may not cause any symptoms. […] Common signs for more advanced vaginal cancer include: Unusual vaginal bleeding (i.e., between menses, after intercourse, new postmenopausal bleeding), Pain (vaginal, vulvar, lower abdominal/pelvic, back or flank), Problems with urination or bowel movements, Watery vaginal discharge, Lump or mass in the vagina. […] Vaginal cancer can be found during a routine pelvic examination.
  • #1 Vaginal cancer: Symptoms, causes, and treatment
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172855
    If a doctor identifies and treats vaginal cancer before it spreads, the 5 years survival rate is 66%. If vaginal cancer spreads around the region, the rate is 51%. If it reaches distant organs, the rate reduces to 19%. Early detection and treatment are essential for improving the outlook for females with vaginal cancer.
  • #1 Symptoms of Vaginal and Vulvar Cancers | Vaginal and Vulvar Cancers | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/symptoms/index.html
    If you have vaginal bleeding that is not normal for you or other symptoms, see a doctor right away. […] Early on, most vaginal cancers do not cause signs and symptoms. But if there are symptoms, they may include: Vaginal discharge or bleeding that is not normal for you. The bleeding may be abnormal because of how heavy it is, or when it happens, such as bleeding after you have gone through menopause; bleeding between periods; or any other bleeding that is longer or heavier than is normal for you. […] Pain in your pelvis, the area below your stomach and in between your hip bones, especially when you pass urine or have sex. […] It is important for you to pay attention to your body and know what is normal for you. If you have vaginal bleeding that is not normal for you, see a doctor right away. Also see a doctor if you have any of the other symptoms for 2 weeks or longer and they are not normal for you. Symptoms may be caused by something other than cancer, but the only way to know is to see your doctor.
  • #1 Vaginal cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support
    https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/vaginal-cancer
    The most common symptoms of vaginal cancer are: bleeding after the menopause, between periods or after sex […] blood-stained vaginal discharge […] pain when peeing (passing urine), needing to pee often, or blood in your pee […] pain in the pelvic (lower tummy) area […] constipation […] feeling you need to poo, even though you have just been (tenesmus) […] swelling in your legs. These symptoms can be caused by many other conditions. But if you notice any of them, it is important to see your doctor. […] The stage of the vaginal cancer describes its size and whether it has spread. The grade describes how quickly it may develop. A number between 1 and 4 is given to the cancer, depending on: its growth in the vagina and surrounding tissues […] whether it has spread to lymph nodes or other organs. […] If the tests show you have vaginal cancer, you will have further tests. Most of these are done to find out whether the cancer has spread to the pelvis or to other parts of the body. This helps your doctors plan the best treatment for you.
  • #2 Vaginal cancer: Symptoms, causes, and treatment
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172855
    Vaginal cancer is a very rare type of cancer that forms in the vaginal tissue. Estimates suggest that it affects around 1 of every 1,100 females. […] Early stage vaginal cancer and precancerous lesions do not tend to cause noticeable symptoms. Very often, they will only become apparent during a routine exam. Later stage vaginal cancers are more likely to cause noticeable symptoms. […] One of the most common symptoms of vaginal cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse. It is regularly one of the first symptoms that people notice. People should always seek medical care if they experience vaginal bleeding after menopause. […] Other symptoms of vaginal cancer might include: abnormal vaginal discharge, a mass in the vagina, difficulty or pain when urinating, constipation, pain during sex, pelvic pain, pain in the back of the legs, leg swelling.
  • #2 Vaginal cancer – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_cancer
    Vaginal cancer is an extraordinarily rare form of cancer that develops in the tissue of the vagina. Signs of vaginal cancer may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, dysuria, tenesmus, or pelvic pain, though as many as 20% of women diagnosed with vaginal cancer are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Vaginal cancer occurs more frequently in women over age 50, and the mean age of diagnosis of vaginal cancer is 60 years. It often can be cured if found and treated in early stages. Most vaginal cancers do not cause signs or symptoms early on. When vaginal cancer does cause symptoms, they may include: Vaginal discharge or abnormal bleeding, unusually heavy flow of blood, bleeding after menopause, bleeding between periods; or any other, bleeding that is longer than normal, blood in the stool or urine, frequent or urgent need to urinate, feeling constipated, pain during sexual intercourse, a lump or growth in the vagina that can be felt. Enlarged pelvic lymph nodes can sometimes be palpated.
  • #2
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaginal-cancer/symptoms/
    The main symptoms of vaginal cancer are usually: a lump in the vagina […] ulcers and other skin changes in or around the vagina. Other symptoms of vaginal cancer include: bleeding from the vagina after the menopause […] bleeding after sex or pain during sex […] smelly or bloodstained vaginal discharge […] bleeding between periods […] an itch in your vagina that will not go away […] pain when you pee, or needing to pee a lot. Vaginal cancer is rare, especially in women under 40. You have any symptoms of vaginal cancer. These symptoms are very common and can be caused by many different conditions. Having them does not definitely mean you have vaginal cancer. But it’s important to get them checked by a GP. This is because if they’re caused by cancer, finding it early makes it more treatable. You may get an urgent referral for more tests or to see a specialist in hospital if the GP thinks you have symptoms that could be cancer. This does not definitely mean you have cancer.
  • #2 Vaginal cancer | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/vaginal-cancer/
    Vaginal cancer is a rare type of cancer that begins in the vagina. […] The most common symptom of vaginal cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding. This includes: bleeding between your normal periods, or after sex; bleeding after the menopause (post-menopausal bleeding). […] Other symptoms can include: smelly or bloody vaginal discharge; pain during sex; pain when urinating; needing to urinate more frequently than usual; blood in your urine; pelvic pain; an itch or lump in your vagina. […] Speak to your GP if you experience any abnormal vaginal bleeding, changes in your usual pattern of periods (such as irregular periods or heavier periods than usual), or problems urinating. […] While its highly unlikely that these symptoms are caused by vaginal cancer, they should still be investigated by your GP.
  • #2 Vaginal Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/vaginal/patient/vaginal-treatment-pdq
    Vaginal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the vagina. […] Signs and symptoms of vaginal cancer include pain or abnormal vaginal bleeding. […] Vaginal cancer often does not cause early signs or symptoms. It may be found during a routine pelvic exam and Pap test. Signs and symptoms may be caused by vaginal cancer or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: […] Bleeding or discharge not related to menstrual periods. […] Pain during sexual intercourse. […] Pain in the pelvic area. […] A lump in the vagina. […] Pain when urinating. […] Constipation. […] Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) may become cancer and spread into the vaginal wall. […] In stage I, cancer is only found in the vaginal wall. […] In stage II, cancer has spread through the wall of the vagina to the tissue around the vagina. Cancer has not spread to the wall of the pelvis.
  • #2 Vaginal Cancer – Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance
    https://ocrahope.org/for-patients/gynecologic-cancers/vaginal-cancer/
    Vaginal cancer may be asymptomatic or may be associated with symptoms depending on the size of the tumor and its location. When present, symptoms of vaginal cancer can include one or more of the following: […] Advanced vaginal cancer means the cancer has spread beyond the vagina into nearby parts of the body or lymph nodes. Advanced vaginal cancer symptoms can include painful urination, constipation, pain in pelvis or lower belly, back pain, or swelling in the legs.
  • #2 Symptoms of Vaginal and Vulvar Cancers | Vaginal and Vulvar Cancers | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/symptoms/index.html
    If you have vaginal bleeding that is not normal for you or other symptoms, see a doctor right away. […] Early on, most vaginal cancers do not cause signs and symptoms. But if there are symptoms, they may include: Vaginal discharge or bleeding that is not normal for you. The bleeding may be abnormal because of how heavy it is, or when it happens, such as bleeding after you have gone through menopause; bleeding between periods; or any other bleeding that is longer or heavier than is normal for you. […] Pain in your pelvis, the area below your stomach and in between your hip bones, especially when you pass urine or have sex. […] It is important for you to pay attention to your body and know what is normal for you. If you have vaginal bleeding that is not normal for you, see a doctor right away. Also see a doctor if you have any of the other symptoms for 2 weeks or longer and they are not normal for you. Symptoms may be caused by something other than cancer, but the only way to know is to see your doctor.
  • #2 Symptoms of vaginal cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/vaginal-cancer/symptoms
    Its rare to have symptoms if you have very early vaginal cancer or abnormal cell changes in the lining of the vagina, called vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). […] The most common symptoms of vaginal cancer include: bleeding in between periods or after the menopause, bleeding or spotting after sex, vaginal discharge that smells or is blood stained, pain during sexual intercourse, a lump or growth in the vagina that you or your doctor can feel. […] These symptoms are more likely with advanced vaginal cancer: constipation, feeling unable to completely empty your bowels even if there is nothing there to come out, swelling in your legs (oedema), pain in the pelvic area that wont go away, pain when going for a wee, blood in your wee, or going more often than usual. […] If you have any of these symptoms you must get them checked by your GP. But remember, they can all be caused by other conditions. Most people with these symptoms dont have vaginal cancer.
  • #2 Signs of Vaginal Cancer: How It Looks, Types, Other Causes
    https://www.healthline.com/health/signs-of-vaginal-cancer
    Vaginal cancer doesnt always have visible symptoms. If symptoms occur, they may include raised bumps, flat spots, or discolored skin patches around your vaginal opening or inside your vaginal canal. […] Vaginal cancer involves cancerous cells growing in your vaginal canals tissues. It rarely causes symptoms in the early stages. […] When symptoms do occur, they may resemble more common and potentially less serious vaginal conditions. […] Vaginal cancer can also cause: spotting between menstrual periods, postmenopausal bleeding, pain during penetrative sex, bloody urine or stool, unusual or foul-smelling discharge. […] Vaginal cancer spreading outside your pelvis can cause: pain during urination, constipation, frequent urge to urinate, lower abdominal, pelvic, or back pain, edema (swelling in your legs).
  • #2 Vaginal Cancer | Apollo Hospitals
    https://www.apollohospitals.com/health-library/vaginal-cancer-2
    Difficulty Urinating or Bowel Movements: Tumors pressing on the bladder or rectum may cause problems with urination or defecation. […] Vaginal Bleeding: Heavy, persistent vaginal bleeding, particularly in postmenopausal women. […] Swelling in the Legs: Advanced vaginal cancer may block lymph nodes, causing fluid buildup and swelling in the legs. […] Stage 4 vaginal cancer is the most advanced stage, where cancer has spread beyond the pelvis to distant parts of the body. Symptoms at this stage may include: […] Severe Pain: Intense pain in the pelvic region or other affected areas. […] Difficulty with Bodily Functions: Problems with urination, defecation, or sexual function due to tumor growth. […] Unexplained Weight Loss: Rapid, unintentional weight loss is a common symptom of advanced cancer. […] Fatigue: Persistent tiredness or weakness due to the spread of the disease.
  • #2 Vaginal Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/vaginal-cancer
    Early stage vaginal cancer that only affects the lining of the vagina may not have any symptoms. In these cases, it may be discovered during a routine pelvic exam. […] But cancer that has spread to other tissues tends to cause symptoms. […] The most common is abnormal vaginal bleeding. […] This includes bleeding after: menopause, bleeding during or after sex, bleeding in between menstruation. […] The bleeding may also be heavier or go on for longer than usual. […] Other symptoms include: vaginal discharge that’s watery, smells, or is bloodstained, painful or frequent urination, pelvic pain, especially during sex, a lump or mass in the vagina, constant itchiness in the vagina, constipation, blood in stool or urine, back pain, swollen legs, fistulas, in later stage cancer. […] Many of these symptoms can be caused by something other than cancer, so it’s important to see a doctor or other healthcare professional (HCP) to rule these issues out.
  • #2 Vaginal Cancer Symptoms & Diagnosis | Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC) – New York
    https://www.cancer.columbia.edu/cancer-types-care/types/vaginal-cancer/about-vaginal-cancer
    Signs and symptoms of vaginal cancer are nonspecific and could be mistaken for other gynecologic conditions. Its important to discuss any unusual symptoms with your doctor, such as: […] Bleeding not related to your menstrual period […] Bleeding after sex […] Pelvic pain […] Pain or bleeding when urinating or having bowel movements […] Lump in your vagina […] Watery or bad smelling discharge […] Constipation. […] The stages are determined based on how advanced the cancer is and helps your physician decide on a treatment plan. There are four different stages of vaginal cancer. […] Stage I. Cancer is found only in your vaginal wall. […] Stage II. Cancer has spread through your vaginal wall into the tissue around your vagina but not to the pelvic walls or lymph nodes. […] Stage III. Cancer has spread to your pelvic side walls and/or your inguinal lymph nodes. […] Stage IV. Cancer has spread to areas beyond your vagina. Stage IVa involves organs near your vagina, such as your bladder or rectum. Stage IVb involves organs distant to your vagina, such as your lungs or bone.
  • #2 Vaginal Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment | Dr. Thais Aliabadi, OB-GYN
    https://www.draliabadi.com/cancers/vaginal-cancer/
    Seeing a doctor early can rule out other gynecological conditions and catch cancer early greatly improving your prognosis. […] Squamous cell carcinomas have been known to develop slowly over many years. They typically start as pre-cancerous changes called vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). Mild cases of VAIN, called VAIN 1, sometimes develop and then disappear before the problem becomes cancerous. However, it can progress to more severe stages, such as VAIN 2 and VAIN 3, before becoming cancer. If you develop VAIN 1, Dr. Aliabadi will monitor its progression. […] If youre diagnosed with vaginal cancer, the next step is a referral to a gynecologic oncologist a specialist in gynecological cancers. This specialist may recommend several tests to determine the stage of the cancer. The stage describes the size of the cancer and whether it has spread, which helps predict the likelihood of a cure and guides the treatment plan. […] If vaginal cancer is diagnosed, relieving symptoms remains an important part of cancer care and treatment. This may be called symptom management, palliative care, or supportive care.
  • #2 Vaginal Cancer Treatment – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/types/vaginal/patient/vaginal-treatment-pdq
    In stage III, cancer has spread to the wall of the pelvis. […] Stage IV is divided into stage IVA and stage IVB: […] Stage IVA: Cancer may have spread to one or more of the following areas: […] The lining of the bladder. […] The lining of the rectum. […] Beyond the area of the pelvis that has the bladder, uterus, ovaries, and cervix. […] Stage IVB: Cancer has spread to parts of the body that are not near the vagina, such as the lung or bone. […] Vaginal cancer may recur (come back) after it has been treated. The cancer may come back in the vagina or in other parts of the body.
  • #2 Vaginal cancer: Symptoms, causes, and treatment
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172855
    If a doctor identifies and treats vaginal cancer before it spreads, the 5 years survival rate is 66%. If vaginal cancer spreads around the region, the rate is 51%. If it reaches distant organs, the rate reduces to 19%. Early detection and treatment are essential for improving the outlook for females with vaginal cancer.
  • #2 Vaginal Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559126/
    The pathways of carcinogenesis for vaginal cancer can be divided into human papillomavirus (HPV) induced and non-HPV induced. […] Like the premalignant cervical lesions and carcinoma of the cervix, continual HPV infection, especially the HPV 16 subtype, is associated with the long-term development of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and carcinoma of the vagina. […] The average age of diagnosis is 67 years. Approximately 15% of women are diagnosed under age 50; these are usually associated with cervical cancer. […] Early vaginal cancers are generally treated with surgery or radiation therapy. Advanced cancers are treated with radiation therapy and the simultaneous administration of combined chemotherapy; surgery has a limited role due to the proximity of the bladder, urethra, and rectum.
  • #2 Vaginal Cancer > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine
    https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/vaginal-cancer
    Symptoms include abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, pelvic pain, palpable lump in the vagina […] Some women dont experience vaginal cancer symptoms. Those who do may notice the following symptoms: Painless bleeding or vaginal discharge after sex, Postmenopausal bleeding or vaginal discharge, Pelvic pain, Urinary frequency, Pain or burning with urination, Constipation, Feeling the urge to make a bowel movement, even after going, A noticeable vaginal mass. […] About 77% of people with stage I vaginal cancer survive 5 years or longer when the condition is found and treated early. […] When vaginal cancer is caught and treated before it spreads beyond the vagina, 75% of people survive for 5 years or longer. When the cancer spreads to the lymph nodes, the 5-year survival rate is 40%. And when the cancer spreads to distant body parts, only 21% of people live 5 years or longer.
  • #2 Vaginal cancer: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001510.htm
    Vaginal cancer is cancer of the vagina, a female reproductive organ. […] Symptoms of vaginal cancer can include any of the following: […] Bleeding after having sex […] Painless vaginal bleeding and discharge not due to a normal period […] Pain in the pelvis or vagina. […] Some women have no symptoms. […] The outlook for women with vaginal cancer depends on the size and the stage of disease and the specific type of tumor. […] Vaginal cancer may spread to other areas of the body. Complications can occur from radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy. […] Contact your health care provider for an appointment if: […] You notice bleeding after sex […] You have persistent vaginal bleeding or discharge.
  • #3 Vaginal cancer: Symptoms, causes, and treatment
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172855
    If a person notices any of these symptoms, they should seek an appointment with their doctor. […] The stage of vaginal cancer defines how treatable the cancer is and what the outlook for a person will be. […] When cells in the tissue of the vaginal lining are abnormal but have not yet reached the stage of cancer, it is known as VAIN. These cells may still become cancerous; some doctors call VAIN stage 0 vaginal cancer. […] Other stages depend on how far vaginal cancer has spread from the vaginal wall. These include: Stage 1: The cancer has not spread from the vaginal wall. Stage 2: Cancerous cells are also identifiable in the tissue surrounding the vagina but not the pelvis. Stage 3: The cancer has reached the wall of the pelvis. Stage 4: Two substages define the most severe form of cancer. In stage 4A, the cancer has spread from the vagina to the linings of the bladder or rectum, or beyond the region of the bladder, cervix, and pelvis. In stage 4B, the cancer has reached a distant organ, such as the lung or bone.
  • #3 Vaginal Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559126/
    Local excision may be possible for small (2 cm) lesions confined to the mucosa. […] The goal for lower and upper disease is 1 cm disease-free margins. […] A literature review reported that early-stage disease had a mean 5-year survival rate of 77%. […] Many prognostic factors can influence the management plan. Lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor. Other factors include histology, size, and the patient’s age. […] In a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results analysis of more than 2000 patients, the 5-year disease-specific survival was 84% for stage I, 75% for stage II, and 57% for advanced tumors.
  • #3 Vaginal cancer | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/vaginal-cancer/
    Vaginal cancer is a rare type of cancer that begins in the vagina. […] The most common symptom of vaginal cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding. This includes: bleeding between your normal periods, or after sex; bleeding after the menopause (post-menopausal bleeding). […] Other symptoms can include: smelly or bloody vaginal discharge; pain during sex; pain when urinating; needing to urinate more frequently than usual; blood in your urine; pelvic pain; an itch or lump in your vagina. […] Speak to your GP if you experience any abnormal vaginal bleeding, changes in your usual pattern of periods (such as irregular periods or heavier periods than usual), or problems urinating. […] While its highly unlikely that these symptoms are caused by vaginal cancer, they should still be investigated by your GP.
  • #3 What are the symptoms of vaginal cancer? | Cancer Australia
    https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/cancer-types/vaginal-cancer/what-are-symptoms-vaginal-cancer
    Vaginal cancer often has no early symptoms, and many women discover it through abnormal cervical screening tests. Common symptoms include blood-stained discharge, bleeding after sex, pelvic pain, vaginal lumps, urinary issues, and rectal pain. […] Early-stage vaginal cancer often does not cause symptoms. Many women find out they have vaginal cancer after they have an abnormal cervical screening test result. The symptoms of vaginal cancer include: blood-stained vaginal discharge, bleeding after sexual intercourse, pain in the pelvic area, a lump in the vagina, problems with passing urine, such as blood in the urine, the need to pass urine frequently and the need to pass urine during the night, pain in the rectum (back passage). […] Many conditions can cause these symptoms, not just vaginal cancer. If you have any of these symptoms or are worried, see your doctor. If you have vaginal bleeding after menopause, you should talk to your doctor.