Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vaginal Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15579-vaginal-cancer

  Vaginal cancer is a rare cancer that usually forms in your vaginal lining. […] Vaginal cancer doesn’t always cause symptoms, which is why it’s a good idea to get regular pelvic exams and Pap smears to detect cancer early. […] Your healthcare provider will begin your examination by asking about your symptoms. You’ll most likely receive several tests to check for cancer or precancerous cells. Imaging procedures can help your provider see if your cancer has spread, a process called staging. […] Treatment for vaginal cancer depends on the type of cancer, cancer stage, and your age. Depending on your age, your treatment may also depend on whether you’d like to have children. […] In general, laser surgery and topical treatments are used to treat precancerous cells. Invasive vaginal cancer will often require surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. You may receive a variety of treatments.

• #2 About Vaginal Cancers

  https://igcs.org/vaginal/

  Vaginal cancer is rare. It accounts for 1% to 2% of cancers in the female genital tract, and a very small portion of cancers overall. […] Vaginal cancer most commonly affects postmenopausal women aged 50 and older. […] Early vaginal cancer may not cause any signs and symptoms. It may be found during a routine pelvic exam and Pap test. […] Reduce your risk of sexually transmitted infections, including HPV. Use a condom every time you have sex. […] Ask your doctor about pelvic exams. A pelvic exam allows your doctor to visually examine your vulva and manually examine your internal reproductive organs to check for abnormalities. […] Types of surgery that may be used to treat vaginal cancer include: Removal of small tumors or lesions. […] Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams, such as X-rays, to kill cancer cells. […] If surgery and radiation does not control the cancer, chemotherapy may be offered.

• #3 Vaginal Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15579-vaginal-cancer

  Vaginal cancer is a rare cancer that usually forms in your vaginal lining. […] Vaginal cancer doesn’t always cause symptoms, which is why it’s a good idea to get regular pelvic exams and Pap smears to detect cancer early. […] Your healthcare provider will begin your examination by asking about your symptoms. You’ll most likely receive several tests to check for cancer or precancerous cells. Imaging procedures can help your provider see if your cancer has spread, a process called staging. […] Treatment for vaginal cancer depends on the type of cancer, cancer stage, and your age. Depending on your age, your treatment may also depend on whether you’d like to have children. […] In general, laser surgery and topical treatments are used to treat precancerous cells. Invasive vaginal cancer will often require surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. You may receive a variety of treatments.

• #4

  http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/types-of-cancer/pelvic-area/vagina

  Vaginal cancer starts in the vagina. It is very rare. The vagina is also known as the birth canal. […] Vaginal cancer is also called vaginal carcinoma or carcinoma of the vagina. […] People with early stage vaginal cancer often do not have any symptoms. […] As the cancer advances, some common symptoms are: Vaginal discharge (more than is normal for you), Spotting or bleeding between menstrual periods, Bladder discomfort or irritation, Vaginal lesion or lump, Pain in the pelvis, back or legs. […] Tests that may help diagnose vaginal cancer include: Pelvic exam, Colposcopy, Barium enema, Biopsy, CT scan of the pelvis and abdomen, MRI, PET scan. […] Vaginal cancer can be grade 1, 2 or 3. The lower the number, the lower the grade. […] The grade of the cancer can help your health care team plan your treatment.

• #5 Vaginal cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352453

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your vaginal cancer-related health concerns. […] Treatment for most vaginal cancers often starts with radiation therapy and chemotherapy at the same time. […] Vaginal cancer treatment is usually coordinated by a doctor who specializes in treating cancers that affect the female reproductive system. This doctor is called a gynecologic oncologist. […] Palliative care is a special type of healthcare that helps you feel better when you have a serious illness. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. Palliative care is done by a team of healthcare professionals. This can include doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. Their goal is to improve the quality of life for you and your family. […] When palliative care is used along with all of the other appropriate treatments, people with cancer may feel better and live longer.

• #6 Vaginal Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes & Diagnosis | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/vaginal-cancer.html

  When you have a rare cancer like vaginal cancer, it is best to work with doctors who have treated this uncommon condition before. […] Care and treatment of vaginal cancer is provided by the Stanford Gynecologic Cancer Program in the internationally recognized Stanford Womens Cancer Center. […] Our patient-first approach means we work to understand your condition, its underlying cause, and your current health and day-to-day life. This helps us develop a treatment plan that is specific to you. […] Because vaginal cancer is a rare cancer, it helps to have a team of experts who can work together to plan your treatment. The Stanford Gynecologic Cancer Program provides the highest level of personalized care, working closely with you to develop a treatment plan that addresses your medical, physical, emotional, and social needs.

• #7 Vaginal Cancer | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/vaginal-cancer.html

  Vaginal cancer is classified by the type of cell where it begins. […] As a gynecologic oncologist at MD Anderson, I treat cancers of the female reproductive system, including endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, vulvar cancer and vaginal cancer. […] When you come to MD Anderson’s Gynecologic Oncology Center for vaginal cancer care, a team of experts focuses on you. […] MD Anderson treats more women each year with this complex type of cancer than most oncologists in the nation. […] Surgery is one of the methods used to treat vaginal cancer. […] We are constantly researching newer, safer, more-advanced vaginal cancer treatments. […] MD Anderson vaginal cancer patients can get treatment at the following locations.

• #8 Vaginal cancer: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172855

  If a person notices any of these symptoms, they should seek an appointment with their doctor. […] There are several types of vaginal cancer. There are two more common ones, as outlined below, and a number of rarer types: Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma develops in the squamous cells that line the vagina. […] It is the most common type of vaginal cancer, making up around 9 in every 10 diagnoses. This type of squamous cell carcinoma most often develops in females aged 60 years or older. […] Adenocarcinoma starts in the glandular cells in the vaginal lining that produce certain fluids. Adenocarcinoma is more likely to spread than squamous cell cancer. […] Researchers do not yet know the exact causes of vaginal cancer. […] Generally, cancer develops when cells do not die at the natural point in their life cycle. Instead, they continue to grow and spread, draining energy from the area around it.

• #9 Vaginal Cancer

  https://www.materprivate.ie/health-information/medical-conditions/article/cancer-care/vaginal-cancer

  Vaginal cancer in Ireland is very rare. About 16 women are diagnosed with it each year. It is most common in women over the age of 60. […] Cancer of the vagina is when normal cells in the vagina change and grow in an abnormal way. These cells can form a malignant tumour. When cancer cells develop in the vagina itself, it is called primary vaginal cancer. When cancer has spread into the vagina from another part of your body, it is called secondary vaginal cancer. […] There are two types of vaginal cancer: […] This is the most common type of vaginal cancer. It occurs mostly in the part of the vagina nearest to the cervix. It is more common in women between the ages of 60 – 80 and is usually caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). […] Adenocarcinoma affects the glandular cells in the vagina and is usually found in young women under 30 years old. It has been associated with exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES).

• #10 Vaginal Cancer

  https://www.materprivate.ie/health-information/medical-conditions/article/cancer-care/vaginal-cancer

  The exact cause of vaginal cancer is unknown. However, there are some risk factors that can increase your chances of developing the condition: […] Age: usually affects women over the age of 60. […] HPV (human papilloma virus). […] Radiotherapy used on the pelvis: women who have had radiotherapy in the pelvic area have a slightly higher risk, but it is still very rare. […] DES hormone drug: a hormone drug called diethylstilbestrol (DES) causes one type of adenocarcinoma of the vagina. […] Early vaginal cancer may not cause any signs and symptoms. As it progresses, vaginal cancer may cause signs and symptoms such as: […] Vaginal bleeding, often after sex […] Abnormal vaginal discharge […] Pain during sex […] A lump or swelling […] An itch in the vagina that wont go away […] Frequency and discomfort when passing urine

• #11 Vaginal Cancer – Information – Oncology Hematology Care – OHC

  https://ohcare.com/condition/vaginal-cancer/

  The vagina (birth canal) leads from the cervix (the opening of the uterus) to the outside of the body. The most common type of vaginal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, which begins in the thin, flat cells that line the vagina. Other types of vaginal cancer are adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make mucus and other fluids), melanoma, and sarcoma. Infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) causes most vaginal cancer. Vaccines that protect against infection with these types of HPV may reduce the risk of vaginal cancer. Vaginal cancer is not common. […] Vaginal cancer often does not cause early signs or symptoms. It may be found during a routine pelvic exam and Pap test. Signs and symptoms may be caused by vaginal cancer or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following:

• #12 Vaginal cancer: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172855

  If a person notices any of these symptoms, they should seek an appointment with their doctor. […] There are several types of vaginal cancer. There are two more common ones, as outlined below, and a number of rarer types: Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma develops in the squamous cells that line the vagina. […] It is the most common type of vaginal cancer, making up around 9 in every 10 diagnoses. This type of squamous cell carcinoma most often develops in females aged 60 years or older. […] Adenocarcinoma starts in the glandular cells in the vaginal lining that produce certain fluids. Adenocarcinoma is more likely to spread than squamous cell cancer. […] Researchers do not yet know the exact causes of vaginal cancer. […] Generally, cancer develops when cells do not die at the natural point in their life cycle. Instead, they continue to grow and spread, draining energy from the area around it.

• #13 Vaginal cancer: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172855

  Researchers have, however, identified several risk factors for developing vaginal cancer. These risk factors include: Age: Females over 60 years of age have the highest risk of vaginal cancer. […] Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: Contracting HPV increases the risk. […] Hysterectomy: Females who have had a hysterectomy are more likely to get vaginal cancer. […] A history of cervical cancer: A previous or current cervical cancer diagnosis is a risk factor for vaginal cancer. […] Previous radiation treatment: This can sometimes cause an increased likelihood of vaginal cancer. […] Use of a vaginal pessary: The use of vaginal pessaries, such as during pelvic organ prolapse, is associated with an increased risk of vaginal cancer. […] Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN): Also known as precancerous cells, these cells are different from normal cells but not different enough for experts to class them as cancer cells. Sometimes, however, these cells can develop into cancer.

• #14

  http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/types-of-cancer/pelvic-area/vagina

  Vaginal cancer starts in the vagina. It is very rare. The vagina is also known as the birth canal. […] Vaginal cancer is also called vaginal carcinoma or carcinoma of the vagina. […] People with early stage vaginal cancer often do not have any symptoms. […] As the cancer advances, some common symptoms are: Vaginal discharge (more than is normal for you), Spotting or bleeding between menstrual periods, Bladder discomfort or irritation, Vaginal lesion or lump, Pain in the pelvis, back or legs. […] Tests that may help diagnose vaginal cancer include: Pelvic exam, Colposcopy, Barium enema, Biopsy, CT scan of the pelvis and abdomen, MRI, PET scan. […] Vaginal cancer can be grade 1, 2 or 3. The lower the number, the lower the grade. […] The grade of the cancer can help your health care team plan your treatment.

• #15 A One-on-One Approach to Vaginal Cancer Treatment

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/cancer/types-of-cancer/gynecologic-cancer/types-of-cancers-we-treat/vaginal-cancer/

  Vaginal cancer treatment options can include chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy such as brachytherapy, immunotherapy, or clinical trials. Talk to your doctor about the many options available so you can devise a customized treatment plan that you can feel good about. […] Symptoms and signs of vaginal cancer may include: Watery vaginal discharge. A mass or lump in your vagina. Frequent and/or painful urination. Unusual vaginal bleeding; e.g. after menopause or intercourse. Pelvic pain. Constipation. […] The following tests are commonly used to detect if a woman has vaginal cancer: Colposcopy, Pap test, Imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET) scan, Biopsy. Other tests may be performed after the initial diagnosis to better pinpoint the type and stage of cancer.

• #16

  http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/types-of-cancer/pelvic-area/vagina

  Vaginal cancer starts in the vagina. It is very rare. The vagina is also known as the birth canal. […] Vaginal cancer is also called vaginal carcinoma or carcinoma of the vagina. […] People with early stage vaginal cancer often do not have any symptoms. […] As the cancer advances, some common symptoms are: Vaginal discharge (more than is normal for you), Spotting or bleeding between menstrual periods, Bladder discomfort or irritation, Vaginal lesion or lump, Pain in the pelvis, back or legs. […] Tests that may help diagnose vaginal cancer include: Pelvic exam, Colposcopy, Barium enema, Biopsy, CT scan of the pelvis and abdomen, MRI, PET scan. […] Vaginal cancer can be grade 1, 2 or 3. The lower the number, the lower the grade. […] The grade of the cancer can help your health care team plan your treatment.

• #17 A One-on-One Approach to Vaginal Cancer Treatment

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/cancer/types-of-cancer/gynecologic-cancer/types-of-cancers-we-treat/vaginal-cancer/

  Vaginal cancer treatment options can include chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy such as brachytherapy, immunotherapy, or clinical trials. Talk to your doctor about the many options available so you can devise a customized treatment plan that you can feel good about. […] Symptoms and signs of vaginal cancer may include: Watery vaginal discharge. A mass or lump in your vagina. Frequent and/or painful urination. Unusual vaginal bleeding; e.g. after menopause or intercourse. Pelvic pain. Constipation. […] The following tests are commonly used to detect if a woman has vaginal cancer: Colposcopy, Pap test, Imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET) scan, Biopsy. Other tests may be performed after the initial diagnosis to better pinpoint the type and stage of cancer.

• #18

  http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/types-of-cancer/pelvic-area/vagina

  Vaginal cancer starts in the vagina. It is very rare. The vagina is also known as the birth canal. […] Vaginal cancer is also called vaginal carcinoma or carcinoma of the vagina. […] People with early stage vaginal cancer often do not have any symptoms. […] As the cancer advances, some common symptoms are: Vaginal discharge (more than is normal for you), Spotting or bleeding between menstrual periods, Bladder discomfort or irritation, Vaginal lesion or lump, Pain in the pelvis, back or legs. […] Tests that may help diagnose vaginal cancer include: Pelvic exam, Colposcopy, Barium enema, Biopsy, CT scan of the pelvis and abdomen, MRI, PET scan. […] Vaginal cancer can be grade 1, 2 or 3. The lower the number, the lower the grade. […] The grade of the cancer can help your health care team plan your treatment.

• #19 Vaginal Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15579-vaginal-cancer

  Vaginal cancer is a rare cancer that usually forms in your vaginal lining. […] Vaginal cancer doesn’t always cause symptoms, which is why it’s a good idea to get regular pelvic exams and Pap smears to detect cancer early. […] Your healthcare provider will begin your examination by asking about your symptoms. You’ll most likely receive several tests to check for cancer or precancerous cells. Imaging procedures can help your provider see if your cancer has spread, a process called staging. […] Treatment for vaginal cancer depends on the type of cancer, cancer stage, and your age. Depending on your age, your treatment may also depend on whether you’d like to have children. […] In general, laser surgery and topical treatments are used to treat precancerous cells. Invasive vaginal cancer will often require surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. You may receive a variety of treatments.

• #20

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ut3453

  Vaginal and vulvar cancer occur when abnormal cells grow out of control in the vagina or the vulva. […] Cancer of the vagina or vulva is often curable when it is found early. Treatment may include surgery to remove part or all of the vulva or vagina. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. […] If you have not already done so, prepare an advance care plan. An advance care plan provides instructions to your doctor and family members about what kind of care you want if you become unable to speak or express yourself. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any symptoms that the cancer has come back or spread.

• #21 Vaginal Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/vaginal/patient/vaginal-treatment-pdq

  Vaginal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the vagina. […] Older age and having an HPV infection are risk factors for vaginal cancer. […] Signs and symptoms of vaginal cancer include pain or abnormal vaginal bleeding. […] Tests that examine the vagina and other organs in the pelvis are used to diagnose vaginal cancer. […] Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. […] Vaginal cancer may recur (come back) after it has been treated. […] There are different types of treatment for patients with vaginal cancer. […] The following types of treatment are used: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy. […] Treatment for vaginal cancer may cause side effects. […] Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.

• #22 Vaginal Cancer | Baptist Health Miami Cancer Institute

  https://baptisthealth.net/services/cancer-care/miami-cancer-institute/our-approach/adult-cancers/gynecologic-cancers/vaginal-cancer

  Regular gynecologic check-ups can help find early signs of vaginal cancer. Many vaginal cancers start as pre-cancers, or VAIN, which can be detected during a routine pelvic exam and Pap smear. Although a Pap smear is used to test cells from the cervix, cells from the vaginal lining are usually picked up during the test. If pre-cancer is found during this exam, it can be treated before it turns into vaginal cancer. […] Its important to talk to your doctor about the right time to start regular pelvic exams and screenings. How often you have screenings will depend on your risk factors, medical history and whether youve had an abnormal Pap result in the past.

• #23 Vaginal Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15579-vaginal-cancer

  Vaginal cancer is a rare cancer that usually forms in your vaginal lining. […] Vaginal cancer doesn’t always cause symptoms, which is why it’s a good idea to get regular pelvic exams and Pap smears to detect cancer early. […] Your healthcare provider will begin your examination by asking about your symptoms. You’ll most likely receive several tests to check for cancer or precancerous cells. Imaging procedures can help your provider see if your cancer has spread, a process called staging. […] Treatment for vaginal cancer depends on the type of cancer, cancer stage, and your age. Depending on your age, your treatment may also depend on whether you’d like to have children. […] In general, laser surgery and topical treatments are used to treat precancerous cells. Invasive vaginal cancer will often require surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. You may receive a variety of treatments.

• #24 Vaginal cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352453

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your vaginal cancer-related health concerns. […] Treatment for most vaginal cancers often starts with radiation therapy and chemotherapy at the same time. […] Vaginal cancer treatment is usually coordinated by a doctor who specializes in treating cancers that affect the female reproductive system. This doctor is called a gynecologic oncologist. […] Palliative care is a special type of healthcare that helps you feel better when you have a serious illness. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. Palliative care is done by a team of healthcare professionals. This can include doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. Their goal is to improve the quality of life for you and your family. […] When palliative care is used along with all of the other appropriate treatments, people with cancer may feel better and live longer.

• #25 5 Innovative Vaginal Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/vaginal-cancer/vaginal-cancer-treatment.html

  At MD Anderson, a team of renowned physicians customizes your care to be sure you receive the most advanced treatments for vaginal cancer. […] Your vaginal cancer treatment will be customized to your needs. Sometimes two or more treatments are combined. Chemotherapy and/or radiation may be used together. […] One or more of the following therapies may be recommended to treat vaginal cancer or help relieve symptoms. […] Surgery may be used for: Early-stage vaginal cancer, Sarcomas, Melanomas. […] Common surgeries for vaginal cancer include: Laser surgery, Excision, Vaginectomy, Vaginal reconstruction, Lymphadenectomy, Pelvic exenteration. […] Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells, control their growth or relieve disease-related symptoms. […] Radiation therapy uses powerful, focused beams of energy to kill cancer cells. […] Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a type of immunotherapy. […] Targeted therapy drugs are designed to stop or slow the growth or spread of cancer. […] Vaginal cancer is treated in our Gynecologic Oncology Center.

• #26 Vaginal Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/vaginal/patient/vaginal-treatment-pdq

  Treatment of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) may include the following: Surgery (laser surgery after biopsy), Surgery (wide local excision) with a skin graft, Surgery (partial or total vaginectomy) with or without a skin graft, Topical chemotherapy, Internal radiation therapy, A clinical trial of immunotherapy (imiquimod) applied to the skin. […] Treatment of stage I squamous cell vaginal cancer lesions that are less than 0.5 centimeters thick may include the following: External radiation therapy, especially for large tumors or the lymph nodes near tumors in the lower part of the vagina, Internal radiation therapy, Surgery (wide local excision or vaginectomy with vaginal reconstruction). […] Treatment of recurrent vaginal cancer may include the following: Surgery (pelvic exenteration), Radiation therapy.

• #27 Vaginal cancer: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172855

  Several different treatment options are available for vaginal cancer, including: surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy. […] Surgery is the most common treatment option for vaginal cancer. […] Some surgical procedures aim to remove the cancerous tissue, while others also remove nearby tissues and organs to which the cancer may spread. […] Possible procedures include: Laser surgery: A surgeon uses an intense laser to remove cancerous tissue and lesions on the surface of the vagina. […] Wide local excision: A surgeon removes the cancerous tissue and some healthy tissue around it. […] Vaginectomy: A surgeon removes a section of the vagina or all of it. […] Hysterectomy: A surgeon removes the cervix and the uterus. […] Lymph node dissection, or lymphadenectomy: A surgeon removes nearby lymph nodes and examines them under a microscope to check for cancer.

• #28 Get Vaginal Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/vaginal-cancer-treatment

  Cancer is stressful. But there are ways we can help ease some of your worries. Whether its finding you the right counselor or support group, answering your questions or helping with things like insurance or transportation, were here for you. […] Treatment often includes surgery to remove the cancer. Depending on your diagnosis, you may have: Wide local excision: We remove the tumor and some surrounding tissue. Vaginectomy: We remove part or all of your vagina. If the cancer has spread, we may also remove lymph nodes (lymphadenectomy) and do a hysterectomy. Pelvic exenteration: If cancer keeps coming back, your surgeon may remove multiple organs affected by cancer. […] Whenever possible, our gynecologic oncologists use minimally invasive gynecologic surgery techniques, including laparoscopy and robotic surgery. These methods use smaller incisions (cuts) sophisticated instruments and tiny cameras to navigate delicate vaginal tissue. And they can help you have a faster, more comfortable recovery.

• #29 Get Vaginal Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/vaginal-cancer-treatment

  Cancer is stressful. But there are ways we can help ease some of your worries. Whether its finding you the right counselor or support group, answering your questions or helping with things like insurance or transportation, were here for you. […] Treatment often includes surgery to remove the cancer. Depending on your diagnosis, you may have: Wide local excision: We remove the tumor and some surrounding tissue. Vaginectomy: We remove part or all of your vagina. If the cancer has spread, we may also remove lymph nodes (lymphadenectomy) and do a hysterectomy. Pelvic exenteration: If cancer keeps coming back, your surgeon may remove multiple organs affected by cancer. […] Whenever possible, our gynecologic oncologists use minimally invasive gynecologic surgery techniques, including laparoscopy and robotic surgery. These methods use smaller incisions (cuts) sophisticated instruments and tiny cameras to navigate delicate vaginal tissue. And they can help you have a faster, more comfortable recovery.

• #30

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaginal-cancer/treatment/

  Vaginal cancer is often treatable. […] The main treatment for vaginal cancer is radiotherapy. You may also have surgery and chemotherapy. […] The specialist team looking after you will: explain the treatments, benefits and side effects, work with you to create a treatment plan that is best for you, help you manage any side effects. […] Surgery is usually only used on vaginal cancer that’s found early. It’s also used if radiotherapy has not worked. […] If your vagina has to be removed, you can ask the surgeon about vaginal reconstruction. […] Chemotherapy uses medicines to kill cancer cells. […] A member of your specialist team will be able to tell you how often you will need check-ups after your treatment.

• #31 Vaginal Cancer | Condition | UAMS Health

  https://uamshealth.com/condition/vaginal-cancer/

  Vaginal cancer is usually what we call a squamous cell cancer. This is a cancer of the cells that line the vagina. Vaginal cancer is one of the least common cancers we see in the gynecologic oncology department at UAMS. That is because it has to be unique to the vagina to be called vaginal cancer. […] Vaginal cancer treatment options include various surgical procedures, topical chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. […] The treatment for vaginal cancer is typically radiation therapy. When you receive radiation, youll usually receive what we call external beam, which is like sitting on an x-ray table. Its done once a day, five days a week, for four or five weeks. […] After that, we may deliver radiation directly to the tumor through internal radiation therapy (also called brachytherapy). With internal radiation therapy, an implant delivers a much higher dose of radiation directly to the vagina. This is often curative.

• #32 Vaginal Cancer | Condition | UAMS Health

  https://uamshealth.com/condition/vaginal-cancer/

  Vaginal cancer is usually what we call a squamous cell cancer. This is a cancer of the cells that line the vagina. Vaginal cancer is one of the least common cancers we see in the gynecologic oncology department at UAMS. That is because it has to be unique to the vagina to be called vaginal cancer. […] Vaginal cancer treatment options include various surgical procedures, topical chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. […] The treatment for vaginal cancer is typically radiation therapy. When you receive radiation, youll usually receive what we call external beam, which is like sitting on an x-ray table. Its done once a day, five days a week, for four or five weeks. […] After that, we may deliver radiation directly to the tumor through internal radiation therapy (also called brachytherapy). With internal radiation therapy, an implant delivers a much higher dose of radiation directly to the vagina. This is often curative.

• #33 Vaginal Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes & Diagnosis | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/vaginal-cancer.html

  Our radiation oncologists use the most advanced techniques to target optimal treatment doses to the vagina and limit the exposure of nearby healthy tissue. Radiation therapies include: Brachytherapy, External Radiation (External Beam Therapy), Intraoperative radiation (IORT). […] Stanford doctors and researchers are on the forefront of drug therapy development, working closely with other experts to deliver the right medication and doses for your care plan. Options include: Chemotherapy, Chemotherapy and radiation, Immunotherapy (Biologic Therapy), Targeted therapy (based on molecular testing of tumor). […] Our doctors use advanced minimally-invasive procedures when possible. Surgical therapies may include: Localized removal of the cancer, (Partial) vaginectomy to remove the vagina, Lymphadenectomy to evaluate lymph node involvement, Pelvic exenteration (removal of pelvic organs).

• #34 Vaginal Cancer | Mays Cancer Center

  https://cancer.uthscsa.edu/cancer-care/types-and-treatments/vaginal-cancer

  A team of cancer doctors with different areas of expertise reviews your case and develops a personalized treatment plan. […] We treat rare vaginal cancers using a combination of advanced radiation therapies and chemotherapy not available at other centers in San Antonio. […] Your treatment plan may include external radiation therapy or brachytherapy (radiation delivered inside the body). We use highly specialized techniques, including interstitial and intracavitary brachytherapy, to precisely place radiation compartments next to or inside a gynecological tumor. […] Advanced imaging and computer software enable us to treat tumors with powerful, precise doses. At the same time, we protect healthy tissues that surround a tumor, which helps us minimize treatment side effects.

• #35

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaginal-cancer/treatment/

  Vaginal cancer is often treatable. […] The main treatment for vaginal cancer is radiotherapy. You may also have surgery and chemotherapy. […] The specialist team looking after you will: explain the treatments, benefits and side effects, work with you to create a treatment plan that is best for you, help you manage any side effects. […] Surgery is usually only used on vaginal cancer that’s found early. It’s also used if radiotherapy has not worked. […] If your vagina has to be removed, you can ask the surgeon about vaginal reconstruction. […] Chemotherapy uses medicines to kill cancer cells. […] A member of your specialist team will be able to tell you how often you will need check-ups after your treatment.

• #36 Vaginal Cancer | Foundation For Women’s Cancer

  https://foundationforwomenscancer.org/gynecologic-cancers/gynecologic-cancer-types/vaginal-cancer/

  Some discomfort is common after surgery. It often can be controlled with medicine. […] Be sure to talk with your treatment team members about any side effects that you experience. They can help you find ways to manage them. […] Chemotherapy can be used as a radiation sensitizer to make the radiation therapy more effective. […] The side effects of radiation therapy depend on the dose used and the part of the body being treated. […] Most of these side effects are temporary. Be sure to talk with your treatment team members about any side effects you experience. They can help you find ways to manage them. […] It is important to take care of your body and mind during and after treatment. Exercise, nutrition, and maintaining a healthy weight are important for overall health. It is also important to stay connected with your primary care provider for preventive health care and discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare team.

• #37 Vaginal Cancer Treatment Options – NYC | Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC) – New York

  https://www.cancer.columbia.edu/cancer-types-care/types/vaginal-cancer/treatments

  Vaginal cancer is rare, and there haven’t been many studies about what type of chemotherapy is best. […] Women with vaginal cancer typically receive a low dose of chemotherapy in combination with radiation. […] Chemotherapy uses medications (chemicals) to stop cancer growth and spread and to prevent cancer from recurring by causing rapidly dividing cancer cells to become damaged and die. […] You may qualify to participate in a clinical trial, which is a research study to learn more about promising new treatments or supportive care therapies. […] Our experts in the Gynecologic Oncology Survivorship Program create an individualized Survivorship Plan for you.

• #38 Treating Vaginal Cancer | Vaginal Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/treating.html

  If youve been diagnosed with vaginal cancer, your cancer care team will discuss your treatment options with you. Its important that you think carefully about each of your choices. Weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects. […] Invasive vaginal cancer is treated mainly with radiation therapy and surgery. Chemotherapy given along with radiation might be used to treat advanced disease. […] Depending on the type and stage of your vaginal cancer, you may need more than one type of treatment. […] Vaginal cancer can affect your sex life and your ability to have children, so these concerns should also be considered as you make treatment decisions. […] People with cancer need support and information, no matter what stage of illness they may be in. Knowing all of your options and finding the resources you need will help you make informed decisions about your care.

• #39 Vaginal Cancer | Foundation For Women’s Cancer

  https://foundationforwomenscancer.org/gynecologic-cancers/gynecologic-cancer-types/vaginal-cancer/

  Some discomfort is common after surgery. It often can be controlled with medicine. […] Be sure to talk with your treatment team members about any side effects that you experience. They can help you find ways to manage them. […] Chemotherapy can be used as a radiation sensitizer to make the radiation therapy more effective. […] The side effects of radiation therapy depend on the dose used and the part of the body being treated. […] Most of these side effects are temporary. Be sure to talk with your treatment team members about any side effects you experience. They can help you find ways to manage them. […] It is important to take care of your body and mind during and after treatment. Exercise, nutrition, and maintaining a healthy weight are important for overall health. It is also important to stay connected with your primary care provider for preventive health care and discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare team.

• #40 Vaginal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65801/

  For patients with early-stage vaginal carcinoma, radiation therapy, surgery, or a combination of these treatments are standard. Data from randomized trials are lacking, and the choice of therapy is generally determined by institutional experience and the factors listed above. […] For patients with stages III and IVa disease, radiation therapy is standard and includes external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT), alone or with brachytherapy. Regional lymph nodes are included in the radiation portal. […] For patients with stage IVb or recurrent disease that cannot be managed with local treatments, current therapy is inadequate. No established anticancer drugs have demonstrated proven clinical benefit, although patients are often treated with regimens used to treat cervical cancer. […] Patients with recurrent vaginal cancer have a very poor prognosis. Most recurrences occur in the first 2 years after treatment. […] If patients are eligible, participation in clinical trials should be considered. Information about ongoing clinical trials is available from the NCI website.

• #41 5 Innovative Vaginal Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/vaginal-cancer/vaginal-cancer-treatment.html

  At MD Anderson, a team of renowned physicians customizes your care to be sure you receive the most advanced treatments for vaginal cancer. […] Your vaginal cancer treatment will be customized to your needs. Sometimes two or more treatments are combined. Chemotherapy and/or radiation may be used together. […] One or more of the following therapies may be recommended to treat vaginal cancer or help relieve symptoms. […] Surgery may be used for: Early-stage vaginal cancer, Sarcomas, Melanomas. […] Common surgeries for vaginal cancer include: Laser surgery, Excision, Vaginectomy, Vaginal reconstruction, Lymphadenectomy, Pelvic exenteration. […] Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells, control their growth or relieve disease-related symptoms. […] Radiation therapy uses powerful, focused beams of energy to kill cancer cells. […] Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a type of immunotherapy. […] Targeted therapy drugs are designed to stop or slow the growth or spread of cancer. […] Vaginal cancer is treated in our Gynecologic Oncology Center.

• #42 5 Innovative Vaginal Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/vaginal-cancer/vaginal-cancer-treatment.html

  At MD Anderson, a team of renowned physicians customizes your care to be sure you receive the most advanced treatments for vaginal cancer. […] Your vaginal cancer treatment will be customized to your needs. Sometimes two or more treatments are combined. Chemotherapy and/or radiation may be used together. […] One or more of the following therapies may be recommended to treat vaginal cancer or help relieve symptoms. […] Surgery may be used for: Early-stage vaginal cancer, Sarcomas, Melanomas. […] Common surgeries for vaginal cancer include: Laser surgery, Excision, Vaginectomy, Vaginal reconstruction, Lymphadenectomy, Pelvic exenteration. […] Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells, control their growth or relieve disease-related symptoms. […] Radiation therapy uses powerful, focused beams of energy to kill cancer cells. […] Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a type of immunotherapy. […] Targeted therapy drugs are designed to stop or slow the growth or spread of cancer. […] Vaginal cancer is treated in our Gynecologic Oncology Center.

• #43 Vaginal Cancer | Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/vaginal-cancer/

  UT Southwestern Medical Center offers a range of treatments for women with vaginal cancer. Our gynecologic oncologists are the most experienced in the region and will handle each patients care with compassion and skill. […] At UT Southwestern, our gynecologic cancer specialists work with each patient to establish an individualized treatment plan thats best for that patients stage of life. Our patients have one main doctor who directs all aspects of their vaginal cancer care, such as surgical treatment, medication therapies, and follow-up care. […] Treatment for vaginal cancer depends on its characteristics and stage and the patients overall health, preferences, and goals. Options include: […] To help patients and their families through the cancer journey, we provide a number of support services, such as cancer psychology, oncology nutrition, social work, transitional care coordination, spiritual support, and integrative therapy. […] Many patients qualify to participate in the gynecologic cancer-related clinical trials conducted at UT Southwestern to gain access to new medical treatments and further research of the disease. Patients should speak with their doctors about vaginal cancer clinical trials.

• #44 Supportive care for vaginal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/vaginal/supportive-care

  Supportive care helps women meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of vaginal cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. […] Recovering from vaginal cancer and adjusting to life after treatment is different for each woman, depending on the stage of the disease, the type of treatment and many other factors. […] Many women continue to have strong, supportive relationships and a satisfying sex life after vaginal cancer. If sexual problems occur because of vaginal cancer treatment, there are ways to manage them. […] If lymphedema develops, your healthcare team can suggest ways to reduce swelling as much as possible and help prevent further fluid buildup. […] Many women who are treated for vaginal cancer worry that the cancer will come back. It is important to learn how to deal with these fears to maintain a good quality of life. […] Many women can adapt to and live normally with an ostomy, although they have to learn new skills and how to care for it. […] Living a healthy lifestyle and working with your healthcare professional to develop a wellness plan for staying healthy may help lower the risk of second cancers.

• #45 Vaginal Cancer | Foundation For Women’s Cancer

  https://foundationforwomenscancer.org/gynecologic-cancers/gynecologic-cancer-types/vaginal-cancer/

  Vaginal cancer can be prevented by the vaccinations advocated for the prevention of cervical cancer. […] If vaginal cancer is suspected or diagnosed, it is important to seek care first from a gynecologic oncologist, medical doctors with specialized training in treating gynecologic cancers who can manage your care from diagnosis to completion of treatment. […] During your treatment, you will come in contact with many health care professionals; these people make up your treatment team. They will work with each other and you to provide the special care you need. […] Most patients with vaginal cancer are treated with surgery or radiation therapy. […] Like radiation therapy, surgery is used primarily for early-stage vaginal cancer that is limited to the vagina or, in selected cases, nearby tissue.

• #46 Vaginal Cancer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/vaginal-cancer

  Vaginal cancer is such an important focus at City of Hope that each of our hospitals has a Gynecologic Cancer Center, focusing on the treatment of women with cancer of the reproductive organs. […] Our gynecologic oncologists are trained and experienced in diagnosing and treating all stages of vaginal cancer. You will undergo a biopsy as part of the diagnostic process, which may also include a CT scan and/or an MRI. Our cancer experts will then develop a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to your needs, preferences and goals, helping you make an informed decision about your care. […] Your multidisciplinary team will work with you to develop a personalized plan to treat your vaginal cancer in a way that fits your individual needs and goals. […] At our Gynecologic Cancer Centers, your care team works together, all under one roof, to recommend treatment plans based on your unique vaginal cancer diagnosis and needs. Our board-certified gynecologic oncologists have years of training and experience in the wide array of specialized surgical procedures, from vaginectomy, trachelectomy and hysterectomy to vaginal reconstruction.

• #47 Vaginal Cancer, Information, Resources

  https://www.cancercare.org/diagnosis/vaginal_cancer

  CancerCare provides free, professional support services for people affected by vaginal cancer, as well as vaginal cancer treatment information and additional resources. […] Our oncology social workers can help you better cope with vaginal cancer. […] Oncology social workers help you cope with the emotional and practical challenges of vaginal cancer. […] Joining a support group can be another great way to connect with others in similar situations. CancerCare offers an online Gynecological Cancer Patient Support Group for individuals in treatment or those who have recently completed treatment. […] I would also encourage you to speak to your medical team about the side effects you have been experiencing. Although it is true that some of the radiation side effects may be long-lasting, there may be ways to better manage or reduce the severity.

• #48 Treating Vaginal Cancer | Vaginal Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/treating.html

  Whether you are thinking about treatment, getting treatment, or not being treated at all, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms. Communicating with your cancer care team is important so you understand your diagnosis, what treatment is recommended, and ways to maintain or improve your quality of life. […] Some people, especially if the cancer is advanced, might not want to be treated at all. There are many reasons you might decide not to get cancer treatment, but its important to talk to your doctors as you make that decision. Remember that even if you choose not to treat the cancer, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms. […] Nursing care and special equipment can make staying at home a workable option for many families.

• #49 Vaginal Cancer, Information, Resources

  https://www.cancercare.org/diagnosis/vaginal_cancer

  CancerCare provides free, professional support services for people affected by vaginal cancer, as well as vaginal cancer treatment information and additional resources. […] Our oncology social workers can help you better cope with vaginal cancer. […] Oncology social workers help you cope with the emotional and practical challenges of vaginal cancer. […] Joining a support group can be another great way to connect with others in similar situations. CancerCare offers an online Gynecological Cancer Patient Support Group for individuals in treatment or those who have recently completed treatment. […] I would also encourage you to speak to your medical team about the side effects you have been experiencing. Although it is true that some of the radiation side effects may be long-lasting, there may be ways to better manage or reduce the severity.

• #50 Treating Vaginal Cancer | Vaginal Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/treating.html

  Whether you are thinking about treatment, getting treatment, or not being treated at all, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms. Communicating with your cancer care team is important so you understand your diagnosis, what treatment is recommended, and ways to maintain or improve your quality of life. […] Some people, especially if the cancer is advanced, might not want to be treated at all. There are many reasons you might decide not to get cancer treatment, but its important to talk to your doctors as you make that decision. Remember that even if you choose not to treat the cancer, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms. […] Nursing care and special equipment can make staying at home a workable option for many families.

• #51 Coping with vaginal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/vaginal-cancer/living-with/coping

  Some women with vaginal cancer have their ovaries removed as part of the operation to remove the cancer. In younger women, this brings on an early menopause. […] The physical changes you have can affect your relationships and sex life. There are things you can do to manage this. […] You might need some care and support at home due to vaginal cancer or its treatment. Lots of practical and emotional support is available. […] Your GP manages your healthcare when you are at home. They can help with any medical problems that come up. They can also make referrals to a community service for you. […] Community specialist palliative care nurses include Macmillan nurses and hospice nurses. They specialise in symptom management such as pain control, sickness, and other cancer symptoms. They also give emotional support to you and your carers.

• #52 Vaginal Cancer Treatment – San Diego – Scripps Health

  https://www.scripps.org/services/cancer-care/vaginal-cancer-treatment

  A leader in caring for women with vaginal cancer, Scripps gynecologists and cancer specialists are experts in detecting precancerous cells before they become cancer, and treating vaginal cancer in its earliest stages. […] Our multidisciplinary, collaborative board of cancer specialists reviews complex cases to ensure the best possible care from diagnosis to recovery. […] Your Scripps cancer care team includes professionals from every area of gynecologic oncology, including gynecologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists and nurses who specialize in cancer care. Should you need reconstructive surgery after your treatment, count on our plastic surgeons for the expertise that has brought comfort and confidence to many women. […] In addition, most patients are partnered with a nurse navigator who is specially trained and experienced in the treatment of female reproductive cancer. Your nurse navigator will help coordinate your care and ensure you get the support you need throughout your treatment and recovery.

• #53 Vaginal cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352453

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your vaginal cancer-related health concerns. […] Treatment for most vaginal cancers often starts with radiation therapy and chemotherapy at the same time. […] Vaginal cancer treatment is usually coordinated by a doctor who specializes in treating cancers that affect the female reproductive system. This doctor is called a gynecologic oncologist. […] Palliative care is a special type of healthcare that helps you feel better when you have a serious illness. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. Palliative care is done by a team of healthcare professionals. This can include doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. Their goal is to improve the quality of life for you and your family. […] When palliative care is used along with all of the other appropriate treatments, people with cancer may feel better and live longer.

• #54 Vaginal cancer: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172855

  If a person notices any of these symptoms, they should seek an appointment with their doctor. […] There are several types of vaginal cancer. There are two more common ones, as outlined below, and a number of rarer types: Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma develops in the squamous cells that line the vagina. […] It is the most common type of vaginal cancer, making up around 9 in every 10 diagnoses. This type of squamous cell carcinoma most often develops in females aged 60 years or older. […] Adenocarcinoma starts in the glandular cells in the vaginal lining that produce certain fluids. Adenocarcinoma is more likely to spread than squamous cell cancer. […] Researchers do not yet know the exact causes of vaginal cancer. […] Generally, cancer develops when cells do not die at the natural point in their life cycle. Instead, they continue to grow and spread, draining energy from the area around it.

• #55 Vaginal Cancer | Foundation For Women’s Cancer

  https://foundationforwomenscancer.org/gynecologic-cancers/gynecologic-cancer-types/vaginal-cancer/

  Some discomfort is common after surgery. It often can be controlled with medicine. […] Be sure to talk with your treatment team members about any side effects that you experience. They can help you find ways to manage them. […] Chemotherapy can be used as a radiation sensitizer to make the radiation therapy more effective. […] The side effects of radiation therapy depend on the dose used and the part of the body being treated. […] Most of these side effects are temporary. Be sure to talk with your treatment team members about any side effects you experience. They can help you find ways to manage them. […] It is important to take care of your body and mind during and after treatment. Exercise, nutrition, and maintaining a healthy weight are important for overall health. It is also important to stay connected with your primary care provider for preventive health care and discuss any concerns you may have with your healthcare team.

• #56 Supportive care for vaginal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/vaginal/supportive-care

  Supportive care helps women meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of vaginal cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. […] Recovering from vaginal cancer and adjusting to life after treatment is different for each woman, depending on the stage of the disease, the type of treatment and many other factors. […] Many women continue to have strong, supportive relationships and a satisfying sex life after vaginal cancer. If sexual problems occur because of vaginal cancer treatment, there are ways to manage them. […] If lymphedema develops, your healthcare team can suggest ways to reduce swelling as much as possible and help prevent further fluid buildup. […] Many women who are treated for vaginal cancer worry that the cancer will come back. It is important to learn how to deal with these fears to maintain a good quality of life. […] Many women can adapt to and live normally with an ostomy, although they have to learn new skills and how to care for it. […] Living a healthy lifestyle and working with your healthcare professional to develop a wellness plan for staying healthy may help lower the risk of second cancers.

• #57 Coping with vaginal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/vaginal-cancer/living-with/coping

  Coping with cancer can be difficult. Help and support are available. There are things you can do and people who can help you cope with a diagnosis of vaginal cancer. […] Vaginal cancer and its treatment are likely to cause some physical problems. These might affect the way you feel about yourself. It may also affect the way you relate to other people, especially close family and friends. […] You might have your womb removed as part of your treatment for vaginal cancer. You may feel a sense of loss or find that the operation makes you feel less feminine. It may take you time to get over these feelings. You might find it helpful to talk things through with your specialist nurse or close family and friends. […] Removing your womb means that you will no longer be able to get pregnant. If you wanted to have a child, a hysterectomy can be very difficult to cope with.

• #58 Coping with vaginal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/vaginal-cancer/living-with/coping

  Some women with vaginal cancer have their ovaries removed as part of the operation to remove the cancer. In younger women, this brings on an early menopause. […] The physical changes you have can affect your relationships and sex life. There are things you can do to manage this. […] You might need some care and support at home due to vaginal cancer or its treatment. Lots of practical and emotional support is available. […] Your GP manages your healthcare when you are at home. They can help with any medical problems that come up. They can also make referrals to a community service for you. […] Community specialist palliative care nurses include Macmillan nurses and hospice nurses. They specialise in symptom management such as pain control, sickness, and other cancer symptoms. They also give emotional support to you and your carers.

• #59 Supportive care for vaginal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/vaginal/supportive-care

  Supportive care helps women meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of vaginal cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. […] Recovering from vaginal cancer and adjusting to life after treatment is different for each woman, depending on the stage of the disease, the type of treatment and many other factors. […] Many women continue to have strong, supportive relationships and a satisfying sex life after vaginal cancer. If sexual problems occur because of vaginal cancer treatment, there are ways to manage them. […] If lymphedema develops, your healthcare team can suggest ways to reduce swelling as much as possible and help prevent further fluid buildup. […] Many women who are treated for vaginal cancer worry that the cancer will come back. It is important to learn how to deal with these fears to maintain a good quality of life. […] Many women can adapt to and live normally with an ostomy, although they have to learn new skills and how to care for it. […] Living a healthy lifestyle and working with your healthcare professional to develop a wellness plan for staying healthy may help lower the risk of second cancers.

• #60 Coping with vaginal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/vaginal-cancer/living-with/coping

  It can be very difficult coping with a diagnosis of cancer emotionally. Counselling can help you deal with those emotions and give you a chance to speak to someone who isn’t a member of your family or a friend. […] A sex therapist helps people with sexual problems they are going through. They are qualified counsellors, doctors or healthcare professionals who have done extra training in helping people with difficulties relating to sex.

• #61 Vaginal Cancer, Information, Resources

  https://www.cancercare.org/diagnosis/vaginal_cancer

  CancerCare provides free, professional support services for people affected by vaginal cancer, as well as vaginal cancer treatment information and additional resources. […] Our oncology social workers can help you better cope with vaginal cancer. […] Oncology social workers help you cope with the emotional and practical challenges of vaginal cancer. […] Joining a support group can be another great way to connect with others in similar situations. CancerCare offers an online Gynecological Cancer Patient Support Group for individuals in treatment or those who have recently completed treatment. […] I would also encourage you to speak to your medical team about the side effects you have been experiencing. Although it is true that some of the radiation side effects may be long-lasting, there may be ways to better manage or reduce the severity.

• #62 Vaginal Cancer, Information, Resources

  https://www.cancercare.org/diagnosis/vaginal_cancer

  CancerCare provides free, professional support services for people affected by vaginal cancer, as well as vaginal cancer treatment information and additional resources. […] Our oncology social workers can help you better cope with vaginal cancer. […] Oncology social workers help you cope with the emotional and practical challenges of vaginal cancer. […] Joining a support group can be another great way to connect with others in similar situations. CancerCare offers an online Gynecological Cancer Patient Support Group for individuals in treatment or those who have recently completed treatment. […] I would also encourage you to speak to your medical team about the side effects you have been experiencing. Although it is true that some of the radiation side effects may be long-lasting, there may be ways to better manage or reduce the severity.

• #63 Supportive care for vaginal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/vaginal/supportive-care

  Supportive care helps women meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of vaginal cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. […] Recovering from vaginal cancer and adjusting to life after treatment is different for each woman, depending on the stage of the disease, the type of treatment and many other factors. […] Many women continue to have strong, supportive relationships and a satisfying sex life after vaginal cancer. If sexual problems occur because of vaginal cancer treatment, there are ways to manage them. […] If lymphedema develops, your healthcare team can suggest ways to reduce swelling as much as possible and help prevent further fluid buildup. […] Many women who are treated for vaginal cancer worry that the cancer will come back. It is important to learn how to deal with these fears to maintain a good quality of life. […] Many women can adapt to and live normally with an ostomy, although they have to learn new skills and how to care for it. […] Living a healthy lifestyle and working with your healthcare professional to develop a wellness plan for staying healthy may help lower the risk of second cancers.

• #64 Supportive care for vaginal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/vaginal/supportive-care

  Supportive care helps women meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of vaginal cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. […] Recovering from vaginal cancer and adjusting to life after treatment is different for each woman, depending on the stage of the disease, the type of treatment and many other factors. […] Many women continue to have strong, supportive relationships and a satisfying sex life after vaginal cancer. If sexual problems occur because of vaginal cancer treatment, there are ways to manage them. […] If lymphedema develops, your healthcare team can suggest ways to reduce swelling as much as possible and help prevent further fluid buildup. […] Many women who are treated for vaginal cancer worry that the cancer will come back. It is important to learn how to deal with these fears to maintain a good quality of life. […] Many women can adapt to and live normally with an ostomy, although they have to learn new skills and how to care for it. […] Living a healthy lifestyle and working with your healthcare professional to develop a wellness plan for staying healthy may help lower the risk of second cancers.

• #65 Treating Vaginal Cancer | Vaginal Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/treating.html

  If youve been diagnosed with vaginal cancer, your cancer care team will discuss your treatment options with you. Its important that you think carefully about each of your choices. Weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects. […] Invasive vaginal cancer is treated mainly with radiation therapy and surgery. Chemotherapy given along with radiation might be used to treat advanced disease. […] Depending on the type and stage of your vaginal cancer, you may need more than one type of treatment. […] Vaginal cancer can affect your sex life and your ability to have children, so these concerns should also be considered as you make treatment decisions. […] People with cancer need support and information, no matter what stage of illness they may be in. Knowing all of your options and finding the resources you need will help you make informed decisions about your care.

• #66 Vaginal cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352453

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your vaginal cancer-related health concerns. […] Treatment for most vaginal cancers often starts with radiation therapy and chemotherapy at the same time. […] Vaginal cancer treatment is usually coordinated by a doctor who specializes in treating cancers that affect the female reproductive system. This doctor is called a gynecologic oncologist. […] Palliative care is a special type of healthcare that helps you feel better when you have a serious illness. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. Palliative care is done by a team of healthcare professionals. This can include doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. Their goal is to improve the quality of life for you and your family. […] When palliative care is used along with all of the other appropriate treatments, people with cancer may feel better and live longer.

• #67 Vaginal cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352453

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your vaginal cancer-related health concerns. […] Treatment for most vaginal cancers often starts with radiation therapy and chemotherapy at the same time. […] Vaginal cancer treatment is usually coordinated by a doctor who specializes in treating cancers that affect the female reproductive system. This doctor is called a gynecologic oncologist. […] Palliative care is a special type of healthcare that helps you feel better when you have a serious illness. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. Palliative care is done by a team of healthcare professionals. This can include doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. Their goal is to improve the quality of life for you and your family. […] When palliative care is used along with all of the other appropriate treatments, people with cancer may feel better and live longer.

• #68 Vaginal cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352453

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your vaginal cancer-related health concerns. […] Treatment for most vaginal cancers often starts with radiation therapy and chemotherapy at the same time. […] Vaginal cancer treatment is usually coordinated by a doctor who specializes in treating cancers that affect the female reproductive system. This doctor is called a gynecologic oncologist. […] Palliative care is a special type of healthcare that helps you feel better when you have a serious illness. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. Palliative care is done by a team of healthcare professionals. This can include doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. Their goal is to improve the quality of life for you and your family. […] When palliative care is used along with all of the other appropriate treatments, people with cancer may feel better and live longer.

• #69 Vaginal cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352453

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your vaginal cancer-related health concerns. […] Treatment for most vaginal cancers often starts with radiation therapy and chemotherapy at the same time. […] Vaginal cancer treatment is usually coordinated by a doctor who specializes in treating cancers that affect the female reproductive system. This doctor is called a gynecologic oncologist. […] Palliative care is a special type of healthcare that helps you feel better when you have a serious illness. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. Palliative care is done by a team of healthcare professionals. This can include doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. Their goal is to improve the quality of life for you and your family. […] When palliative care is used along with all of the other appropriate treatments, people with cancer may feel better and live longer.

• #70 Coping with vaginal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/vaginal-cancer/living-with/coping

  Some women with vaginal cancer have their ovaries removed as part of the operation to remove the cancer. In younger women, this brings on an early menopause. […] The physical changes you have can affect your relationships and sex life. There are things you can do to manage this. […] You might need some care and support at home due to vaginal cancer or its treatment. Lots of practical and emotional support is available. […] Your GP manages your healthcare when you are at home. They can help with any medical problems that come up. They can also make referrals to a community service for you. […] Community specialist palliative care nurses include Macmillan nurses and hospice nurses. They specialise in symptom management such as pain control, sickness, and other cancer symptoms. They also give emotional support to you and your carers.

• #71 Living as a Vaginal Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  When treatment ends, your doctors will still want to watch you closely. Its very important to go to all of your follow-up appointments. During these visits, your doctors will ask questions about any problems you are having and may do pelvic exams and Pap tests, as well as colposcopy and lab tests to look for signs of cancer or treatment side effects. Almost any cancer treatment can have side effects. Some may last for a few weeks to months, but others can last the rest of your life. Other side effects called late effects may not develop until months or even years after treatment has ended. This is the time for you to talk to your cancer care team about any changes or problems you notice and any questions or concerns you have. […] Treatment can leave vaginal tissue fragile and prone to injury. Follow-up will require checking these tissues for injury or tightening and scarring. Some women will be advised to use vaginal dilators, which a woman inserts in her vagina to gently stretch her vaginal tissue, gradually making it more elastic over time. You can learn more in Treating Sexual Problems for Women With Cancer.

• #72 Living as a Vaginal Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  When treatment ends, your doctors will still want to watch you closely. Its very important to go to all of your follow-up appointments. During these visits, your doctors will ask questions about any problems you are having and may do pelvic exams and Pap tests, as well as colposcopy and lab tests to look for signs of cancer or treatment side effects. Almost any cancer treatment can have side effects. Some may last for a few weeks to months, but others can last the rest of your life. Other side effects called late effects may not develop until months or even years after treatment has ended. This is the time for you to talk to your cancer care team about any changes or problems you notice and any questions or concerns you have. […] Treatment can leave vaginal tissue fragile and prone to injury. Follow-up will require checking these tissues for injury or tightening and scarring. Some women will be advised to use vaginal dilators, which a woman inserts in her vagina to gently stretch her vaginal tissue, gradually making it more elastic over time. You can learn more in Treating Sexual Problems for Women With Cancer.

• #73 Living as a Vaginal Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  When treatment ends, your doctors will still want to watch you closely. Its very important to go to all of your follow-up appointments. During these visits, your doctors will ask questions about any problems you are having and may do pelvic exams and Pap tests, as well as colposcopy and lab tests to look for signs of cancer or treatment side effects. Almost any cancer treatment can have side effects. Some may last for a few weeks to months, but others can last the rest of your life. Other side effects called late effects may not develop until months or even years after treatment has ended. This is the time for you to talk to your cancer care team about any changes or problems you notice and any questions or concerns you have. […] Treatment can leave vaginal tissue fragile and prone to injury. Follow-up will require checking these tissues for injury or tightening and scarring. Some women will be advised to use vaginal dilators, which a woman inserts in her vagina to gently stretch her vaginal tissue, gradually making it more elastic over time. You can learn more in Treating Sexual Problems for Women With Cancer.

• #74 Living as a Vaginal Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  So far, no dietary supplements (including vitamins, minerals, and herbal products) have been shown to clearly help lower the risk of vaginal cancer progressing or coming back. This doesnt mean that no supplements will help, but its important to know that none have been proven to do so. […] If the cancer does come back or recur at some point, your treatment options will depend on where the cancer is located, what treatments youve had before, and your overall health. […] People whove had vaginal cancer can still get other cancers. In fact, vaginal cancer survivors are at higher risk for getting some other types of cancer. […] Some amount of feeling depressed, anxious, or worried is normal when cancer is a part of your life. Some people are affected more than others. But everyone can benefit from help and support from other people, whether friends and family, religious groups, support groups, professional counselors, or others.

• #75 Living as a Vaginal Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  It is also important to talk with your doctor about who will lead your follow-up care. Some survivors continue to see their oncologist, while others transition back to the care of their primary care doctor or another health care professional. This decision depends on several factors, including the type and stage of cancer, treatments received, side effects, health insurance rules, and your personal preferences. […] Your survivorship care plan might include: A suggested schedule for follow-up exams and tests, A schedule for other tests you might need in the future, such as early detection (screening) tests for other types of cancer, or tests to look for long-term health effects from your cancer or its treatment, A list of possible late- or long-term side effects from your treatment, including what to watch for and when you should contact your doctor, Diet and physical activity suggestions, Reminders to keep your appointments with your primary care provider (PCP), who will monitor your general health care.

• #76 Living as a Vaginal Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  When treatment ends, your doctors will still want to watch you closely. Its very important to go to all of your follow-up appointments. During these visits, your doctors will ask questions about any problems you are having and may do pelvic exams and Pap tests, as well as colposcopy and lab tests to look for signs of cancer or treatment side effects. Almost any cancer treatment can have side effects. Some may last for a few weeks to months, but others can last the rest of your life. Other side effects called late effects may not develop until months or even years after treatment has ended. This is the time for you to talk to your cancer care team about any changes or problems you notice and any questions or concerns you have. […] Treatment can leave vaginal tissue fragile and prone to injury. Follow-up will require checking these tissues for injury or tightening and scarring. Some women will be advised to use vaginal dilators, which a woman inserts in her vagina to gently stretch her vaginal tissue, gradually making it more elastic over time. You can learn more in Treating Sexual Problems for Women With Cancer.

• #77

  http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/types-of-cancer/pelvic-area/vagina

  Main treatment is laser therapy, surgery and radiation therapy (high energy x-rays that kill or shrink cancer). […] Vaginal cancer is treated with radiation therapy or surgery. […] Follow-up testing and appointments are based on the type and stage of your cancer. […] After treatment, you may return to the care of your family doctor or specialist for regular follow-up. […] Most cases of vaginal cancer are found through routine pelvic exams and Pap tests. […] If you have questions about vaginal cancer, please talk to your health care team.

• #78 Living as a Vaginal Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  It is also important to talk with your doctor about who will lead your follow-up care. Some survivors continue to see their oncologist, while others transition back to the care of their primary care doctor or another health care professional. This decision depends on several factors, including the type and stage of cancer, treatments received, side effects, health insurance rules, and your personal preferences. […] Your survivorship care plan might include: A suggested schedule for follow-up exams and tests, A schedule for other tests you might need in the future, such as early detection (screening) tests for other types of cancer, or tests to look for long-term health effects from your cancer or its treatment, A list of possible late- or long-term side effects from your treatment, including what to watch for and when you should contact your doctor, Diet and physical activity suggestions, Reminders to keep your appointments with your primary care provider (PCP), who will monitor your general health care.

• #79 Living as a Vaginal Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  It is also important to talk with your doctor about who will lead your follow-up care. Some survivors continue to see their oncologist, while others transition back to the care of their primary care doctor or another health care professional. This decision depends on several factors, including the type and stage of cancer, treatments received, side effects, health insurance rules, and your personal preferences. […] Your survivorship care plan might include: A suggested schedule for follow-up exams and tests, A schedule for other tests you might need in the future, such as early detection (screening) tests for other types of cancer, or tests to look for long-term health effects from your cancer or its treatment, A list of possible late- or long-term side effects from your treatment, including what to watch for and when you should contact your doctor, Diet and physical activity suggestions, Reminders to keep your appointments with your primary care provider (PCP), who will monitor your general health care.

• #80 Living as a Vaginal Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  When treatment ends, your doctors will still want to watch you closely. Its very important to go to all of your follow-up appointments. During these visits, your doctors will ask questions about any problems you are having and may do pelvic exams and Pap tests, as well as colposcopy and lab tests to look for signs of cancer or treatment side effects. Almost any cancer treatment can have side effects. Some may last for a few weeks to months, but others can last the rest of your life. Other side effects called late effects may not develop until months or even years after treatment has ended. This is the time for you to talk to your cancer care team about any changes or problems you notice and any questions or concerns you have. […] Treatment can leave vaginal tissue fragile and prone to injury. Follow-up will require checking these tissues for injury or tightening and scarring. Some women will be advised to use vaginal dilators, which a woman inserts in her vagina to gently stretch her vaginal tissue, gradually making it more elastic over time. You can learn more in Treating Sexual Problems for Women With Cancer.

• #81 Living as a Vaginal Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  When treatment ends, your doctors will still want to watch you closely. Its very important to go to all of your follow-up appointments. During these visits, your doctors will ask questions about any problems you are having and may do pelvic exams and Pap tests, as well as colposcopy and lab tests to look for signs of cancer or treatment side effects. Almost any cancer treatment can have side effects. Some may last for a few weeks to months, but others can last the rest of your life. Other side effects called late effects may not develop until months or even years after treatment has ended. This is the time for you to talk to your cancer care team about any changes or problems you notice and any questions or concerns you have. […] Treatment can leave vaginal tissue fragile and prone to injury. Follow-up will require checking these tissues for injury or tightening and scarring. Some women will be advised to use vaginal dilators, which a woman inserts in her vagina to gently stretch her vaginal tissue, gradually making it more elastic over time. You can learn more in Treating Sexual Problems for Women With Cancer.

• #82

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaginal-cancer/treatment/

  Vaginal cancer is often treatable. […] The main treatment for vaginal cancer is radiotherapy. You may also have surgery and chemotherapy. […] The specialist team looking after you will: explain the treatments, benefits and side effects, work with you to create a treatment plan that is best for you, help you manage any side effects. […] Surgery is usually only used on vaginal cancer that’s found early. It’s also used if radiotherapy has not worked. […] If your vagina has to be removed, you can ask the surgeon about vaginal reconstruction. […] Chemotherapy uses medicines to kill cancer cells. […] A member of your specialist team will be able to tell you how often you will need check-ups after your treatment.

• #83 Coping with vaginal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/vaginal-cancer/living-with/coping

  It can be very difficult coping with a diagnosis of cancer emotionally. Counselling can help you deal with those emotions and give you a chance to speak to someone who isn’t a member of your family or a friend. […] A sex therapist helps people with sexual problems they are going through. They are qualified counsellors, doctors or healthcare professionals who have done extra training in helping people with difficulties relating to sex.

• #84 Supportive care for vaginal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/vaginal/supportive-care

  Supportive care helps women meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of vaginal cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. […] Recovering from vaginal cancer and adjusting to life after treatment is different for each woman, depending on the stage of the disease, the type of treatment and many other factors. […] Many women continue to have strong, supportive relationships and a satisfying sex life after vaginal cancer. If sexual problems occur because of vaginal cancer treatment, there are ways to manage them. […] If lymphedema develops, your healthcare team can suggest ways to reduce swelling as much as possible and help prevent further fluid buildup. […] Many women who are treated for vaginal cancer worry that the cancer will come back. It is important to learn how to deal with these fears to maintain a good quality of life. […] Many women can adapt to and live normally with an ostomy, although they have to learn new skills and how to care for it. […] Living a healthy lifestyle and working with your healthcare professional to develop a wellness plan for staying healthy may help lower the risk of second cancers.

• #85 Vaginal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65801/

  Because vaginal cancer is rare, studies are limited to retrospective case series, usually from single-referral institutions. […] The following factors should be considered when planning treatment for vaginal cancer: Stage and size of the lesion; Ability to retain a functional vagina; Presence or absence of the uterus; Whether the patient has received previous pelvic radiation therapy; Whether the lymphatics drain to pelvic or inguinal nodes or both, depending on tumor location; Proximity of the vagina to the bladder or rectum. This limits surgical treatment options and increases short-term and long-term surgical complications and functional deficits. […] Management of the extremely rare vaginal clear cell carcinoma is similar to the management of squamous cell carcinoma. However, techniques that preserve vaginal and ovarian function should be strongly considered during treatment planning, given the young age of the patients at diagnosis.

• #86 Innovations in the Management of Vaginal Cancer

  https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/29/5/250

  Overall, further investigation is required on the efficacy of systemic treatments in the form of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in the setting of vaginal cancer. […] Treatment of vaginal cancers remains a challenge as high-quality evidence from prospective randomized trials remains elusive due to the rarity of the disease. Techniques for CCRT, the mainstay of treatment for vaginal cancer, have been advancing, resulting in improvements in survival, as well as decreasing toxicities.

• #87 Innovations in the Management of Vaginal Cancer

  https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/29/5/250

  Surgical resections for vaginal cancer include local tumor excision (LTE), vaginectomy (partial, total, and radical), and pelvic exenteration. […] FIGO recommends that in patients with stage I disease involving the upper posterior vagina and with the uterus in situ, a radical hysterectomy and upper vaginectomy are performed with an aim for 1 cm negative margins, and a pelvic lymphadenectomy to assess for nodal disease. […] Definitive RT based on external beam (EBRT) and/or brachytherapy (BT) is considered a standard approach to treatment for vaginal cancer, especially for locally advanced cases. […] CCRT has been increasing in use for the treatment of vaginal cancer, mirroring the rates for the treatment of cervical cancer. […] In these situations, where the disease is not responsive or amenable to radiation or surgery, vaginal cancers remain challenging to treat.

• #88 Innovations in the Management of Vaginal Cancer

  https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/29/5/250

  Surgical resections for vaginal cancer include local tumor excision (LTE), vaginectomy (partial, total, and radical), and pelvic exenteration. […] FIGO recommends that in patients with stage I disease involving the upper posterior vagina and with the uterus in situ, a radical hysterectomy and upper vaginectomy are performed with an aim for 1 cm negative margins, and a pelvic lymphadenectomy to assess for nodal disease. […] Definitive RT based on external beam (EBRT) and/or brachytherapy (BT) is considered a standard approach to treatment for vaginal cancer, especially for locally advanced cases. […] CCRT has been increasing in use for the treatment of vaginal cancer, mirroring the rates for the treatment of cervical cancer. […] In these situations, where the disease is not responsive or amenable to radiation or surgery, vaginal cancers remain challenging to treat.

• #89 Vaginal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65801/

  Because vaginal cancer is rare, studies are limited to retrospective case series, usually from single-referral institutions. […] The following factors should be considered when planning treatment for vaginal cancer: Stage and size of the lesion; Ability to retain a functional vagina; Presence or absence of the uterus; Whether the patient has received previous pelvic radiation therapy; Whether the lymphatics drain to pelvic or inguinal nodes or both, depending on tumor location; Proximity of the vagina to the bladder or rectum. This limits surgical treatment options and increases short-term and long-term surgical complications and functional deficits. […] Management of the extremely rare vaginal clear cell carcinoma is similar to the management of squamous cell carcinoma. However, techniques that preserve vaginal and ovarian function should be strongly considered during treatment planning, given the young age of the patients at diagnosis.

• #90 Innovations in the Management of Vaginal Cancer

  https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/29/5/250

  Overall, further investigation is required on the efficacy of systemic treatments in the form of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in the setting of vaginal cancer. […] Treatment of vaginal cancers remains a challenge as high-quality evidence from prospective randomized trials remains elusive due to the rarity of the disease. Techniques for CCRT, the mainstay of treatment for vaginal cancer, have been advancing, resulting in improvements in survival, as well as decreasing toxicities.

• #91 Vaginal Cancer | Foundation For Women’s Cancer

  https://foundationforwomenscancer.org/gynecologic-cancers/gynecologic-cancer-types/vaginal-cancer/

  Vaginal cancer can be prevented by the vaccinations advocated for the prevention of cervical cancer. […] If vaginal cancer is suspected or diagnosed, it is important to seek care first from a gynecologic oncologist, medical doctors with specialized training in treating gynecologic cancers who can manage your care from diagnosis to completion of treatment. […] During your treatment, you will come in contact with many health care professionals; these people make up your treatment team. They will work with each other and you to provide the special care you need. […] Most patients with vaginal cancer are treated with surgery or radiation therapy. […] Like radiation therapy, surgery is used primarily for early-stage vaginal cancer that is limited to the vagina or, in selected cases, nearby tissue.

• #92 Vaginal Cancer | HPV | Pap Smear | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalcancer.html

  Vaginal cancer can often be cured if it is found early. Treatments for vaginal cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. […] Vaccines that protect against HPV infection may reduce your risk of vaginal cancer. The vaccines provide the most protection if you get them before you are exposed to HPV. So it’s best to get vaccinated before you become sexually active.

• #93 Vaginal Cancer, Information, Resources

  https://www.cancercare.org/diagnosis/vaginal_cancer

  CancerCare provides free, professional support services for people affected by vaginal cancer, as well as vaginal cancer treatment information and additional resources. […] Our oncology social workers can help you better cope with vaginal cancer. […] Oncology social workers help you cope with the emotional and practical challenges of vaginal cancer. […] Joining a support group can be another great way to connect with others in similar situations. CancerCare offers an online Gynecological Cancer Patient Support Group for individuals in treatment or those who have recently completed treatment. […] I would also encourage you to speak to your medical team about the side effects you have been experiencing. Although it is true that some of the radiation side effects may be long-lasting, there may be ways to better manage or reduce the severity.

• #94 Vaginal Cancer Treatment – San Diego – Scripps Health

  https://www.scripps.org/services/cancer-care/vaginal-cancer-treatment

  A leader in caring for women with vaginal cancer, Scripps gynecologists and cancer specialists are experts in detecting precancerous cells before they become cancer, and treating vaginal cancer in its earliest stages. […] Our multidisciplinary, collaborative board of cancer specialists reviews complex cases to ensure the best possible care from diagnosis to recovery. […] Your Scripps cancer care team includes professionals from every area of gynecologic oncology, including gynecologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists and nurses who specialize in cancer care. Should you need reconstructive surgery after your treatment, count on our plastic surgeons for the expertise that has brought comfort and confidence to many women. […] In addition, most patients are partnered with a nurse navigator who is specially trained and experienced in the treatment of female reproductive cancer. Your nurse navigator will help coordinate your care and ensure you get the support you need throughout your treatment and recovery.

• #95 Vaginal Cancer, Information, Resources

  https://www.cancercare.org/diagnosis/vaginal_cancer

  CancerCare provides free, professional support services for people affected by vaginal cancer, as well as vaginal cancer treatment information and additional resources. […] Our oncology social workers can help you better cope with vaginal cancer. […] Oncology social workers help you cope with the emotional and practical challenges of vaginal cancer. […] Joining a support group can be another great way to connect with others in similar situations. CancerCare offers an online Gynecological Cancer Patient Support Group for individuals in treatment or those who have recently completed treatment. […] I would also encourage you to speak to your medical team about the side effects you have been experiencing. Although it is true that some of the radiation side effects may be long-lasting, there may be ways to better manage or reduce the severity.

• #96 Vaginal Cancer, Information, Resources

  https://www.cancercare.org/diagnosis/vaginal_cancer

  CancerCare provides free, professional support services for people affected by vaginal cancer, as well as vaginal cancer treatment information and additional resources. […] Our oncology social workers can help you better cope with vaginal cancer. […] Oncology social workers help you cope with the emotional and practical challenges of vaginal cancer. […] Joining a support group can be another great way to connect with others in similar situations. CancerCare offers an online Gynecological Cancer Patient Support Group for individuals in treatment or those who have recently completed treatment. […] I would also encourage you to speak to your medical team about the side effects you have been experiencing. Although it is true that some of the radiation side effects may be long-lasting, there may be ways to better manage or reduce the severity.

• #97 Vaginal Cancer, Information, Resources

  https://www.cancercare.org/diagnosis/vaginal_cancer

  CancerCare provides free, professional support services for people affected by vaginal cancer, as well as vaginal cancer treatment information and additional resources. […] Our oncology social workers can help you better cope with vaginal cancer. […] Oncology social workers help you cope with the emotional and practical challenges of vaginal cancer. […] Joining a support group can be another great way to connect with others in similar situations. CancerCare offers an online Gynecological Cancer Patient Support Group for individuals in treatment or those who have recently completed treatment. […] I would also encourage you to speak to your medical team about the side effects you have been experiencing. Although it is true that some of the radiation side effects may be long-lasting, there may be ways to better manage or reduce the severity.

• #98 Vaginal Cancer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/vaginal-cancer

  Vaginal cancer is such an important focus at City of Hope that each of our hospitals has a Gynecologic Cancer Center, focusing on the treatment of women with cancer of the reproductive organs. […] Our gynecologic oncologists are trained and experienced in diagnosing and treating all stages of vaginal cancer. You will undergo a biopsy as part of the diagnostic process, which may also include a CT scan and/or an MRI. Our cancer experts will then develop a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to your needs, preferences and goals, helping you make an informed decision about your care. […] Your multidisciplinary team will work with you to develop a personalized plan to treat your vaginal cancer in a way that fits your individual needs and goals. […] At our Gynecologic Cancer Centers, your care team works together, all under one roof, to recommend treatment plans based on your unique vaginal cancer diagnosis and needs. Our board-certified gynecologic oncologists have years of training and experience in the wide array of specialized surgical procedures, from vaginectomy, trachelectomy and hysterectomy to vaginal reconstruction.

• #99 Living as a Vaginal Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  Even after treatment, its very important to keep health insurance. Tests and doctor visits cost a lot, and even though no one wants to think of their cancer coming back, this could happen. […] If you have (or have had) vaginal cancer, you probably want to know if there are things you can do that might lower your risk of the cancer growing or coming back, such as exercising, eating a certain type of diet, or taking nutritional supplements. Unfortunately, its not yet clear if there are things you can do that will help. […] Adopting healthy behaviors such as not smoking, eating well, getting regular physical activity, and staying at a healthy weight might help, but no one knows for sure. However, we do know that these types of changes can have positive effects on your health that can extend beyond your risk of vaginal cancer or other cancers.

• #100 Supportive care for vaginal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/vaginal/supportive-care

  Supportive care helps women meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of vaginal cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. […] Recovering from vaginal cancer and adjusting to life after treatment is different for each woman, depending on the stage of the disease, the type of treatment and many other factors. […] Many women continue to have strong, supportive relationships and a satisfying sex life after vaginal cancer. If sexual problems occur because of vaginal cancer treatment, there are ways to manage them. […] If lymphedema develops, your healthcare team can suggest ways to reduce swelling as much as possible and help prevent further fluid buildup. […] Many women who are treated for vaginal cancer worry that the cancer will come back. It is important to learn how to deal with these fears to maintain a good quality of life. […] Many women can adapt to and live normally with an ostomy, although they have to learn new skills and how to care for it. […] Living a healthy lifestyle and working with your healthcare professional to develop a wellness plan for staying healthy may help lower the risk of second cancers.

• #101

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ut3453

  Vaginal and vulvar cancer occur when abnormal cells grow out of control in the vagina or the vulva. […] Cancer of the vagina or vulva is often curable when it is found early. Treatment may include surgery to remove part or all of the vulva or vagina. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. […] If you have not already done so, prepare an advance care plan. An advance care plan provides instructions to your doctor and family members about what kind of care you want if you become unable to speak or express yourself. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any symptoms that the cancer has come back or spread.

• #102 Vaginal Cancer | Foundation For Women’s Cancer

  https://foundationforwomenscancer.org/gynecologic-cancers/gynecologic-cancer-types/vaginal-cancer/

  Vaginal cancer can be prevented by the vaccinations advocated for the prevention of cervical cancer. […] If vaginal cancer is suspected or diagnosed, it is important to seek care first from a gynecologic oncologist, medical doctors with specialized training in treating gynecologic cancers who can manage your care from diagnosis to completion of treatment. […] During your treatment, you will come in contact with many health care professionals; these people make up your treatment team. They will work with each other and you to provide the special care you need. […] Most patients with vaginal cancer are treated with surgery or radiation therapy. […] Like radiation therapy, surgery is used primarily for early-stage vaginal cancer that is limited to the vagina or, in selected cases, nearby tissue.

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