Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Frontal lobe epilepsy – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15634619/

  Frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for only 10-20% of the patients in surgical series, but the incidence in non-surgical patient cohorts seems to be much higher. […] The yield of surface EEG may be limited due to the difficulty in detection of mesial or basal foci, and the patient may be misdiagnosed as having non-epileptic events. […] Therefore, epilepsy surgery has been commonly considered as less promising in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy. […] However, the advent of sophisticated neuroimaging techniques, particularly MRI with epilepsy-specific sequences, has made it possible to delineate the epileptogenic lesion and detect a specific etiology, in an increasing number of patients. […] Thus, the success rate of epilepsy surgery in frontal lobe epilepsy is currently comparable to temporal lobe epilepsy, if the candidates are carefully selected.

• #2 Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1184076-overview

  The exact incidence of frontal lobe epilepsy is not known. In most centers, however, frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for 20-30% of operative procedures involving intractable epilepsy. […] No significant sex-based frequency difference has been reported for frontal lobe epilepsy in epidemiologic studies. However, a comparison of frontal lobe versus temporal lobe seizures captured during epilepsy monitoring has suggested a male predominance in frontal lobe seizures. […] Symptomatic frontal lobe epilepsy may affect patients of all ages. In a large series of cases, the mean subject age was 28.5 years, with the age of epilepsy onset 9.3 years for left frontal epilepsy and 11.1 years for right frontal epilepsy. […] Complications of frontal lobe epilepsy may include status epilepticus or a comorbid psychiatric or behavioral disturbance. The episodes of status epilepticus may be convulsive, nonconvulsive, or focal without impaired awareness.

• #3 Frontal lobe epilepsy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_lobe_epilepsy

  Frontal lobe epilepsy is a neurological disorder that is characterized by brief, recurring seizures arising in the frontal lobes of the brain, that often occur during sleep. It is the second most common type of epilepsy after temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and is related to the temporal form in that both forms are characterized by partial (focal) seizures. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for about 12% of all epilepsies. The most common subdivision of epilepsy is symptomatic partial epilepsy, which causes simple partial seizures, and can be further divided into temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy. Although the exact number of cases of frontal lobe epilepsy is not currently known, it is known that FLE is the less common type of partial epilepsy, accounting for 20-30% of operative procedures involving intractable epilepsy.

• #4 Frontal lobe epilepsy – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15634619/

  Frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for only 10-20% of the patients in surgical series, but the incidence in non-surgical patient cohorts seems to be much higher. […] The yield of surface EEG may be limited due to the difficulty in detection of mesial or basal foci, and the patient may be misdiagnosed as having non-epileptic events. […] Therefore, epilepsy surgery has been commonly considered as less promising in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy. […] However, the advent of sophisticated neuroimaging techniques, particularly MRI with epilepsy-specific sequences, has made it possible to delineate the epileptogenic lesion and detect a specific etiology, in an increasing number of patients. […] Thus, the success rate of epilepsy surgery in frontal lobe epilepsy is currently comparable to temporal lobe epilepsy, if the candidates are carefully selected.

• #5 Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1184076-overview

  The exact incidence of frontal lobe epilepsy is not known. In most centers, however, frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for 20-30% of operative procedures involving intractable epilepsy. […] No significant sex-based frequency difference has been reported for frontal lobe epilepsy in epidemiologic studies. However, a comparison of frontal lobe versus temporal lobe seizures captured during epilepsy monitoring has suggested a male predominance in frontal lobe seizures. […] Symptomatic frontal lobe epilepsy may affect patients of all ages. In a large series of cases, the mean subject age was 28.5 years, with the age of epilepsy onset 9.3 years for left frontal epilepsy and 11.1 years for right frontal epilepsy. […] Complications of frontal lobe epilepsy may include status epilepticus or a comorbid psychiatric or behavioral disturbance. The episodes of status epilepticus may be convulsive, nonconvulsive, or focal without impaired awareness.

• #6 Frontal Lobe Epilepsies | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-84882-128-6_175

  Frontal lobe epilepsy is one of the symptomatic or cryptogenic focal epilepsies and occurs with seizures arising anterior to the central sulcus, including the medial and orbital surfaces of the brain. The epidemiological studies in Rochester, Minnesota (Zarrelli et al. 1999) found the incidence of symptomatic focal epilepsy to be 17 per 100,000. Total incidence rates were 52 per 100,000. Specific figures for frontal lobe epilepsy are not available. The disorder is seen in all age groups. Frontal lobe epilepsy is the second most common focal epilepsy seen in telemetry units and the second most common cause of seizures in people having resective surgery. […] Classification of the subtypes of frontal epilepsy has been a topic of controversy.

• #7 All About Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (FLE)Healthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/epilepsy/frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is a type of epilepsy that causes brief focal (partial) seizures stemming from one part of the brain. […] The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) estimates that about 60 percent of people with epilepsy experience focal seizures — and frontal lobe epilepsy makes up about 20 to 40 percent of these seizures. […] FLE is a common type of epilepsy that causes focal seizures in the frontal lobe of the brain located behind your forehead. […] Seizures from FLE often occur during sleep. These seizures are considered a type of FLE known as nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE). NFLE is sometimes misdiagnosed as a sleep disturbance. […] The exact causes of FLE are not fully understood. But it’s thought that genetics or structural changes in the brain may be a big contributor.

• #8 Frontal lobe epilepsy: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  Frontal lobe epilepsy causes seizures that begin in the part of the brain responsible for movement, personality, and planning. […] Around 1.2% of the total United States population lives with epilepsy, and frontal lobe epilepsy is one of the most prevalent forms of the condition. It is the second most common type of focal epilepsy. […] A frontal lobe seizure is a partial seizure because it starts in one part of the brain the frontal lobe. […] About 2040% of all cases of epilepsy are idiopathic, according to 2003 research. This means they happen for no apparent reason, and doctors cannot determine a cause. […] While some instances of frontal lobe epilepsy are idiopathic, others have known causes. […] The AANS highlights certain factors that increase the likelihood of a seizure in a person who has epilepsy.

• #9 Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Causes & Symptoms – Unique Community Services

  https://uniquecs.co.uk/blog/frontal-lobe-epilepsy/

  Frontal lobe seizures can affect people of any age and gender. Some risk factors are common with those of epilepsy, including: […] Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is estimated in 20-30% of partial seizures in the UK, and its the second most common type of focal epilepsy. […] Almost half of frontal lobe seizures are caused by a difference in brain development during pregnancy. […] Other possible causes of frontal lobe epilepsy include damage of the frontal lobe region caused by mechanical trauma, stroke or abnormal growth of tumour brain cells. […] Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy is associated with genetic mutations and appears to run in families. […] As many frontal lobe seizures occur while the person is asleep, there are potential risks caused by the seizures and complications that include:

• #10 Frontal Lobe Seizures: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17011-frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  Frontal lobe epilepsy is a pattern of abnormal electrical activity in the front part of your brain, behind your forehead. It causes frontal lobe seizures that usually happen at night. Antiseizure medications and surgery may help manage this condition. […] Frontal lobe seizures are a type of focal (partial) seizure. This means that the seizures start in one area of your brain. Seizures can start on either the left or right frontal lobe. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy can affect anyone at any age. You may be more at risk of developing frontal lobe epilepsy if you: Have a biological family history of epilepsy. […] Frequent frontal lobe seizures may lead to the following: Increased risk of injuries, Status epilepticus (seizures that last longer than five minutes), which is a life-threatening emergency.

• #11 Frontal Lobe Epilepsies | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-84882-128-6_175

  Frontal lobe epilepsy is one of the symptomatic or cryptogenic focal epilepsies and occurs with seizures arising anterior to the central sulcus, including the medial and orbital surfaces of the brain. The epidemiological studies in Rochester, Minnesota (Zarrelli et al. 1999) found the incidence of symptomatic focal epilepsy to be 17 per 100,000. Total incidence rates were 52 per 100,000. Specific figures for frontal lobe epilepsy are not available. The disorder is seen in all age groups. Frontal lobe epilepsy is the second most common focal epilepsy seen in telemetry units and the second most common cause of seizures in people having resective surgery. […] Classification of the subtypes of frontal epilepsy has been a topic of controversy.

• #12 Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1184076-overview

  The exact incidence of frontal lobe epilepsy is not known. In most centers, however, frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for 20-30% of operative procedures involving intractable epilepsy. […] No significant sex-based frequency difference has been reported for frontal lobe epilepsy in epidemiologic studies. However, a comparison of frontal lobe versus temporal lobe seizures captured during epilepsy monitoring has suggested a male predominance in frontal lobe seizures. […] Symptomatic frontal lobe epilepsy may affect patients of all ages. In a large series of cases, the mean subject age was 28.5 years, with the age of epilepsy onset 9.3 years for left frontal epilepsy and 11.1 years for right frontal epilepsy. […] Complications of frontal lobe epilepsy may include status epilepticus or a comorbid psychiatric or behavioral disturbance. The episodes of status epilepticus may be convulsive, nonconvulsive, or focal without impaired awareness.

• #13 Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1184076-overview

  The exact incidence of frontal lobe epilepsy is not known. In most centers, however, frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for 20-30% of operative procedures involving intractable epilepsy. […] No significant sex-based frequency difference has been reported for frontal lobe epilepsy in epidemiologic studies. However, a comparison of frontal lobe versus temporal lobe seizures captured during epilepsy monitoring has suggested a male predominance in frontal lobe seizures. […] Symptomatic frontal lobe epilepsy may affect patients of all ages. In a large series of cases, the mean subject age was 28.5 years, with the age of epilepsy onset 9.3 years for left frontal epilepsy and 11.1 years for right frontal epilepsy. […] Complications of frontal lobe epilepsy may include status epilepticus or a comorbid psychiatric or behavioral disturbance. The episodes of status epilepticus may be convulsive, nonconvulsive, or focal without impaired awareness.

• #14 Frontal lobe epilepsy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_lobe_epilepsy

  Patients with medically refractive epilepsy, over a fraction of one-fourth have been diagnosed with FLE, only one-third of which have been found to get relief from seizures by surgical interventions. The disorder also has no gender or age bias, affecting males and females of all ages. In a recent study, the mean subject age with frontal lobe epilepsy was 28.5 years old, and the average age of epilepsy onset for left frontal epilepsy was 9.3 years old whereas for right frontal epilepsy it was 11.1 years old.

• #15 Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Symptoms and Causes – Leaf Complex Care

  https://leafcare.co.uk/blog/frontal-lobe-epilepsy-symptoms-and-causes/

  Frontal lobe seizures account for around 20-30% of all focal epilepsy cases. […] Several medical challenges increase the risk of frontal lobe seizures, including stroke, tumours, infections, and traumatic brain injury. […] In most cases, these seizures start in childhood. […] Frontal lobe seizures are typically short and last for 30 seconds, but some may occur in clusters. […] Most seizures associated with frontal areas of the brain don’t lead to serious health complications. […] There is no effective way of preventing frontal lobe epilepsy in itself.

• #16 Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-nocturnal-frontal-lobe-epilepsy/

  Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is an uncommon form of epilepsy that runs in families. This disorder causes seizures that usually occur at night (nocturnally) while an affected person is sleeping. Some people with ADNFLE also have seizures during the day. […] ADNFLE appears to be an uncommon form of epilepsy; its prevalence is unknown. This condition has been reported in more than 100 families worldwide. […] The seizures associated with ADNFLE begin in areas of the brain called the frontal lobes. These regions of the brain are involved in many critical functions, including reasoning, planning, judgment, and problem-solving. It is unclear why mutations in the CHRNA2, CHRNA4, and CHRNB2 genes cause seizures in the frontal lobes rather than elsewhere in the brain. Researchers are also working to determine why these seizures occur most often during sleep.

• #17 Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-nocturnal-frontal-lobe-epilepsy/

  Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is an uncommon form of epilepsy that runs in families. This disorder causes seizures that usually occur at night (nocturnally) while an affected person is sleeping. Some people with ADNFLE also have seizures during the day. […] ADNFLE appears to be an uncommon form of epilepsy; its prevalence is unknown. This condition has been reported in more than 100 families worldwide. […] The seizures associated with ADNFLE begin in areas of the brain called the frontal lobes. These regions of the brain are involved in many critical functions, including reasoning, planning, judgment, and problem-solving. It is unclear why mutations in the CHRNA2, CHRNA4, and CHRNB2 genes cause seizures in the frontal lobes rather than elsewhere in the brain. Researchers are also working to determine why these seizures occur most often during sleep.

• #18 Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: Symptoms, causes, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/nocturnal-frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE) causes seizures while a person is asleep. It is a rare genetic condition that passes from parents to children. […] SHE is rare, with reports of it occurring in just over 100 families worldwide. One large 2015 study in Italy suggested that 18 in every million people may have SHE. However, the exact global prevalence of the disorder is unclear. […] Most people with SHE do not have a known cause for the condition. However, clinical findings have linked several different causes with SHE, including: […] SHE is autosomal dominant, which means a person only needs to inherit a single copy of the mutated gene to develop the condition. Most people with SHE have a single affected parent and other family members with SHE. […] Diagnosing SHE can be complex, but a video EEG and genetic testing can help confirm an SHE diagnosis.

• #19 Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-nocturnal-frontal-lobe-epilepsy/

  Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is an uncommon form of epilepsy that runs in families. This disorder causes seizures that usually occur at night (nocturnally) while an affected person is sleeping. Some people with ADNFLE also have seizures during the day. […] ADNFLE appears to be an uncommon form of epilepsy; its prevalence is unknown. This condition has been reported in more than 100 families worldwide. […] The seizures associated with ADNFLE begin in areas of the brain called the frontal lobes. These regions of the brain are involved in many critical functions, including reasoning, planning, judgment, and problem-solving. It is unclear why mutations in the CHRNA2, CHRNA4, and CHRNB2 genes cause seizures in the frontal lobes rather than elsewhere in the brain. Researchers are also working to determine why these seizures occur most often during sleep.

• #20 Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: Symptoms, causes, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/nocturnal-frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE) causes seizures while a person is asleep. It is a rare genetic condition that passes from parents to children. […] SHE is rare, with reports of it occurring in just over 100 families worldwide. One large 2015 study in Italy suggested that 18 in every million people may have SHE. However, the exact global prevalence of the disorder is unclear. […] Most people with SHE do not have a known cause for the condition. However, clinical findings have linked several different causes with SHE, including: […] SHE is autosomal dominant, which means a person only needs to inherit a single copy of the mutated gene to develop the condition. Most people with SHE have a single affected parent and other family members with SHE. […] Diagnosing SHE can be complex, but a video EEG and genetic testing can help confirm an SHE diagnosis.

• #21

  https://journals.lww.com/nsan/fulltext/2022/39030/comparison_of_semiologic_characteristics_of.2.aspx

  Video electroencephalography monitoring (VEM) is the gold standard for differentiating epileptic seizures and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). This study aimed to compare the semiologic characteristics of PNES and frontal and temporal seizures. […] The prevalence of PNES is estimated to be 233/100,000 in the general population. […] Video electroencephalography monitoring (VEM) is the gold standard for detailed semiologic identification of PNES and epileptic seizures. […] In the interictal EEG, abnormal findings were found to be significantly more frequent in the temporal and frontal groups compared with the PNES group. […] It was determined that the number of PNES seizures was significantly higher in the PNES group compared with the frontal and temporal groups, whereas epileptic seizures were less frequent.

• #22 Frontal lobe seizures | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures

  Frontal lobe epilepsy can be hard to diagnose. […] To make a diagnosis, a health care professional reviews your symptoms and medical history. […] Brain imaging usually an MRI might reveal the source of frontal lobe seizures. […] An EEG monitors the electrical activity in the brain. […] Video EEG is recommended for some people with seizures. […] Over the past decade, treatment options have increased for frontal lobe seizures. […] If your seizures can’t be controlled with medicines, surgery might be an option. […] If you have surgery for frontal lobe seizures, it’s likely you’ll need anti-seizure medicine after the surgery. […] Seizures can be triggered by alcohol intake, smoking and, especially, lack of sleep. […] Frontal lobe seizures can involve loud utterances or sexual movements that may make the person with epilepsy anxious.

• #23 Frontal lobe seizures | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures?content_id=CON-20197154

  Frontal lobe epilepsy can be hard to diagnose. Its symptoms can be mistaken for mental health problems or sleep disorders such as night terrors. It also is possible that some symptoms of frontal lobe seizures are the result of seizures that begin in other parts of the brain. […] Over the past decade, treatment options have increased for frontal lobe seizures. There are newer types of anti-seizure medicines. There also are a variety of surgical procedures that might help if medicines don’t work.

• #24 Frontal lobe seizures | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures?content_id=CON-20197154

  Frontal lobe epilepsy can be hard to diagnose. Its symptoms can be mistaken for mental health problems or sleep disorders such as night terrors. It also is possible that some symptoms of frontal lobe seizures are the result of seizures that begin in other parts of the brain. […] Over the past decade, treatment options have increased for frontal lobe seizures. There are newer types of anti-seizure medicines. There also are a variety of surgical procedures that might help if medicines don’t work.

• #25 Frontal lobe seizures – what you need to know

  https://www.epsyhealth.com/seizure-epilepsy-blog/frontal-lobe-seizures-what-you-need-to-know

  Frontal lobe seizures are the second most common type of epileptic seizure (after temporal lobe epilepsy). They often start and end very quickly and can have some different symptoms. […] For about half of people with frontal lobe epilepsy we don’t know what causes their seizures. […] Frontal lobe seizures in adults and children might be treated in the following ways: Anti-epilepsy medication: This is the most common approach to begin with. However not everybody responds well to seizure medicine. […] It is sometimes challenging to diagnose frontal lobe seizures because the behavior may look like other psychiatric conditions or sleep disorders.

• #26 Frontal lobe seizures | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures?content_id=CON-20197154

  Frontal lobe epilepsy can be hard to diagnose. Its symptoms can be mistaken for mental health problems or sleep disorders such as night terrors. It also is possible that some symptoms of frontal lobe seizures are the result of seizures that begin in other parts of the brain. […] Over the past decade, treatment options have increased for frontal lobe seizures. There are newer types of anti-seizure medicines. There also are a variety of surgical procedures that might help if medicines don’t work.

• #27 Frontal lobe epilepsy – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15634619/

  Frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for only 10-20% of the patients in surgical series, but the incidence in non-surgical patient cohorts seems to be much higher. […] The yield of surface EEG may be limited due to the difficulty in detection of mesial or basal foci, and the patient may be misdiagnosed as having non-epileptic events. […] Therefore, epilepsy surgery has been commonly considered as less promising in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy. […] However, the advent of sophisticated neuroimaging techniques, particularly MRI with epilepsy-specific sequences, has made it possible to delineate the epileptogenic lesion and detect a specific etiology, in an increasing number of patients. […] Thus, the success rate of epilepsy surgery in frontal lobe epilepsy is currently comparable to temporal lobe epilepsy, if the candidates are carefully selected.

• #28 FRONTAL LOBE SEIZURE

  https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/seizure/frontal-lobe-overview.html

  Nocturnal frontal lobe seizures can be mistaken for parasomnias, however: Frontal lobe seizures are usually brief events ( 2 minutes), with stereotyped features seen from seizure to seizure and preserved awareness. Parasomnias are usually longer in duration ( 10 minutes), have variable features from event to event and are characterized by a confusional state with the patient having no memory of the event afterwards. […] Frontal lobe seizures may be mis-diagnosed as non-epileptic seizures as there may be bilateral motor phenomena with preserved awareness, and the ictal EEG can be normal.

• #29 Frontal Lobe Seizures: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17011-frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  To diagnose frontal lobe epilepsy, your healthcare provider will review your medical history and perform a physical exam. Testing helps confirm a diagnosis. […] The goal of frontal lobe epilepsy treatment is to reduce how many frontal lobe seizures you experience. Your healthcare provider may recommend the following: Antiseizure medications, Epilepsy surgery, Neuromodulation. […] While there isn’t a cure for frontal lobe epilepsy, many people report fewer seizures or seizure freedom with the right combination of medications or after surgery.

• #30 Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Causes & Symptoms – Unique Community Services

  https://uniquecs.co.uk/blog/frontal-lobe-epilepsy/

  Common methods used in diagnosing frontal lobe epilepsy include: […] There are several treatment methods for addressing frontal lobe seizures. The most common include: […] In most cases, your healthcare provider will prescribe anti-seizure medications depending on epilepsy. […] Many healthcare practitioners recommend special diets and lifestyle changes to prevent frontal lobe seizures. […] People with frontal lobe epilepsy who dont respond well to anti-epileptic medications may decide to undergo a surgical treatment. […] Neuromodulation is a modification of the nerve activity in the brain by delivering electrical stimulation to specifically targeted parts of the brain.

• #31 Frontal Lobe Seizures: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17011-frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  To diagnose frontal lobe epilepsy, your healthcare provider will review your medical history and perform a physical exam. Testing helps confirm a diagnosis. […] The goal of frontal lobe epilepsy treatment is to reduce how many frontal lobe seizures you experience. Your healthcare provider may recommend the following: Antiseizure medications, Epilepsy surgery, Neuromodulation. […] While there isn’t a cure for frontal lobe epilepsy, many people report fewer seizures or seizure freedom with the right combination of medications or after surgery.

• #32 Frontal lobe seizures | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures

  Frontal lobe epilepsy can be hard to diagnose. […] To make a diagnosis, a health care professional reviews your symptoms and medical history. […] Brain imaging usually an MRI might reveal the source of frontal lobe seizures. […] An EEG monitors the electrical activity in the brain. […] Video EEG is recommended for some people with seizures. […] Over the past decade, treatment options have increased for frontal lobe seizures. […] If your seizures can’t be controlled with medicines, surgery might be an option. […] If you have surgery for frontal lobe seizures, it’s likely you’ll need anti-seizure medicine after the surgery. […] Seizures can be triggered by alcohol intake, smoking and, especially, lack of sleep. […] Frontal lobe seizures can involve loud utterances or sexual movements that may make the person with epilepsy anxious.

• #33 Frontal lobe seizures | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures

  Frontal lobe epilepsy can be hard to diagnose. […] To make a diagnosis, a health care professional reviews your symptoms and medical history. […] Brain imaging usually an MRI might reveal the source of frontal lobe seizures. […] An EEG monitors the electrical activity in the brain. […] Video EEG is recommended for some people with seizures. […] Over the past decade, treatment options have increased for frontal lobe seizures. […] If your seizures can’t be controlled with medicines, surgery might be an option. […] If you have surgery for frontal lobe seizures, it’s likely you’ll need anti-seizure medicine after the surgery. […] Seizures can be triggered by alcohol intake, smoking and, especially, lack of sleep. […] Frontal lobe seizures can involve loud utterances or sexual movements that may make the person with epilepsy anxious.

• #34

  https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/715361

  We reviewed the historical features, preoperative diagnostic evaluation, operative procedure, and surgical outcome in 16 patients with refractory frontal lobe epilepsy. […] Clinical expression of the epilepsy varied widely, particularly with respect to seizure characteristics, although high monthly seizure frequency and absence of a risk factor for epilepsy before age 5 occurred more often than in reported in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. […] Seizures often caused early bilateral movements, were brief, and lacked oroalimentary automatisms and a prolonged postictal state. […] Both the interictal and ictal scalp EEGs had relatively poor sensitivity and specificity and often either contained no epileptiform abnormalities or were misleading. […] MRI usually identified structural lesions when these were present, although it was negative in two patients with tumors.

• #35 Frontal lobe seizures | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures

  Frontal lobe epilepsy can be hard to diagnose. […] To make a diagnosis, a health care professional reviews your symptoms and medical history. […] Brain imaging usually an MRI might reveal the source of frontal lobe seizures. […] An EEG monitors the electrical activity in the brain. […] Video EEG is recommended for some people with seizures. […] Over the past decade, treatment options have increased for frontal lobe seizures. […] If your seizures can’t be controlled with medicines, surgery might be an option. […] If you have surgery for frontal lobe seizures, it’s likely you’ll need anti-seizure medicine after the surgery. […] Seizures can be triggered by alcohol intake, smoking and, especially, lack of sleep. […] Frontal lobe seizures can involve loud utterances or sexual movements that may make the person with epilepsy anxious.

• #36

  https://journals.lww.com/nsan/fulltext/2022/39030/comparison_of_semiologic_characteristics_of.2.aspx

  Video electroencephalography monitoring (VEM) is the gold standard for differentiating epileptic seizures and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). This study aimed to compare the semiologic characteristics of PNES and frontal and temporal seizures. […] The prevalence of PNES is estimated to be 233/100,000 in the general population. […] Video electroencephalography monitoring (VEM) is the gold standard for detailed semiologic identification of PNES and epileptic seizures. […] In the interictal EEG, abnormal findings were found to be significantly more frequent in the temporal and frontal groups compared with the PNES group. […] It was determined that the number of PNES seizures was significantly higher in the PNES group compared with the frontal and temporal groups, whereas epileptic seizures were less frequent.

• #37 Frontal lobe seizures | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures

  Frontal lobe epilepsy can be hard to diagnose. […] To make a diagnosis, a health care professional reviews your symptoms and medical history. […] Brain imaging usually an MRI might reveal the source of frontal lobe seizures. […] An EEG monitors the electrical activity in the brain. […] Video EEG is recommended for some people with seizures. […] Over the past decade, treatment options have increased for frontal lobe seizures. […] If your seizures can’t be controlled with medicines, surgery might be an option. […] If you have surgery for frontal lobe seizures, it’s likely you’ll need anti-seizure medicine after the surgery. […] Seizures can be triggered by alcohol intake, smoking and, especially, lack of sleep. […] Frontal lobe seizures can involve loud utterances or sexual movements that may make the person with epilepsy anxious.

• #38

  https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/715361

  We reviewed the historical features, preoperative diagnostic evaluation, operative procedure, and surgical outcome in 16 patients with refractory frontal lobe epilepsy. […] Clinical expression of the epilepsy varied widely, particularly with respect to seizure characteristics, although high monthly seizure frequency and absence of a risk factor for epilepsy before age 5 occurred more often than in reported in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. […] Seizures often caused early bilateral movements, were brief, and lacked oroalimentary automatisms and a prolonged postictal state. […] Both the interictal and ictal scalp EEGs had relatively poor sensitivity and specificity and often either contained no epileptiform abnormalities or were misleading. […] MRI usually identified structural lesions when these were present, although it was negative in two patients with tumors.

• #39 Arterial spin labeling for presurgical localization of refractory frontal lobe epilepsy in children | European Journal of Medical Research | Full Text

  https://eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-021-00564-0

  Therefore, it is essential to find ways to improve the positivity rate of MRI in patients with refractory focal epilepsy for presurgical evaluation. […] ASL can be used to locate epileptic lesions noninvasively in conjunction with EEG results. EEG has a certain diagnostic value for brain diseases, especially in patients with focal epilepsy, although it is limited to certain conditions and susceptible to various factors. […] These results lay a foundation for the identification and accurate localization of epileptic lesions through the use of ASL combined with EEG and suggest that ASL cerebral perfusion imaging can be an alternative to PET imaging and localization that has the added advantages of being safer, cheaper, and faster.

• #40 Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: Symptoms, causes, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/nocturnal-frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE) causes seizures while a person is asleep. It is a rare genetic condition that passes from parents to children. […] SHE is rare, with reports of it occurring in just over 100 families worldwide. One large 2015 study in Italy suggested that 18 in every million people may have SHE. However, the exact global prevalence of the disorder is unclear. […] Most people with SHE do not have a known cause for the condition. However, clinical findings have linked several different causes with SHE, including: […] SHE is autosomal dominant, which means a person only needs to inherit a single copy of the mutated gene to develop the condition. Most people with SHE have a single affected parent and other family members with SHE. […] Diagnosing SHE can be complex, but a video EEG and genetic testing can help confirm an SHE diagnosis.

• #41

  https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/715361

  In the absence of an MRI lesion, intracranial EEG usually identified the area to be resected, although it too provided misleading information in one case. […] Surgical procedures consisted of focal resections with or without anterior corpus callosotomy, or of corpus callosotomy alone. […] Nearly all patients improved after surgery, with a majority (67%) becoming seizure-free (average follow-up, 46 months). […] Preoperative seizure frequency correlated with seizure relief after surgery, as did age of seizure onset, whereas presence of tumor did not. […] We conclude that frontal lobe epilepsy warrants aggressive investigation and that surgical treatment often can be successful.

• #42 Frontal lobe seizures: from clinical semiology to localization – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24372328/

  Objective: Frontal lobe seizures are difficult to characterize according to semiologic and electrical features. We wished to establish whether different semiologic subgroups can be identified and whether these relate to anatomic organization. […] Four main groups of patients were identified according to semiologic features, and correlated with specific patterns of anatomic seizure localization. […] Meaningful categorization of frontal seizures in terms of semiology is possible and correlates with anatomic organization along a rostrocaudal axis, in keeping with current hypotheses of frontal lobe hierarchical organization. The proposed electroclinical categorization offers pointers as to the likely zone of organization of networks underlying semiologic production, thus aiding presurgical localization.

• #43 Frontal lobe seizures: from clinical semiology to localization – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24372328/

  Objective: Frontal lobe seizures are difficult to characterize according to semiologic and electrical features. We wished to establish whether different semiologic subgroups can be identified and whether these relate to anatomic organization. […] Four main groups of patients were identified according to semiologic features, and correlated with specific patterns of anatomic seizure localization. […] Meaningful categorization of frontal seizures in terms of semiology is possible and correlates with anatomic organization along a rostrocaudal axis, in keeping with current hypotheses of frontal lobe hierarchical organization. The proposed electroclinical categorization offers pointers as to the likely zone of organization of networks underlying semiologic production, thus aiding presurgical localization.

• #44 :: Journal of Epilepsy Research

  https://www.j-epilepsy.org/m/journal/view.php?doi=10.14581/jer.16003

  Heart rate change is easily seen in seizures. Tachycardia is frequently seen in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), rather than extra temporal lobe epilepsy (XTLE). We report the difference in the HR pattern between TLE and frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) during peri-ictal period. […] The HR change of the TLE group was more prominent and prolonged than that of the FLE group. Therefore, the HR change can be a pattern that differentiates TLE from FLE. […] The results of this study revealed that ictal tachycardia was observed in both the FLE and TLE group, but the HR change was different between TLE group and FLE group. […] In TLE, the HR change is much prominent and prolonged than FLE, because of ictal discharge propagation to the limbic system and insular regions. Therefore, this difference can be an important point to differentiate between FLE and TLE.

• #45 Frontal lobe seizures – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures/symptoms-causes/syc-20353958

  Frontal lobe seizures are a common form of epilepsy. Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which clusters of brain cells send a burst of electrical signals. This causes movements that can’t be controlled, known as seizures. Frontal lobe seizures begin in the front of the brain, the area known as the frontal lobe. […] Frontal lobe seizures also are known as frontal lobe epilepsy. […] Changes in brain tissue, infection, injury, stroke, tumors or other conditions can cause frontal lobe seizures. […] Frontal lobe seizures can be caused by tumors, stroke, infection or traumatic injuries in the brain’s frontal lobes. […] For about half of people who have frontal lobe epilepsy, the cause is not known. […] Risk factors of frontal lobe seizures include: Family history of seizures or brain disorders. Head trauma. Brain infection. Brain tumors. Blood vessels or brain tissues that form in an irregular way. Stroke.

• #46 Frontal Lobe Seizures: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17011-frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  Frontal lobe epilepsy is a pattern of abnormal electrical activity in the front part of your brain, behind your forehead. It causes frontal lobe seizures that usually happen at night. Antiseizure medications and surgery may help manage this condition. […] Frontal lobe seizures are a type of focal (partial) seizure. This means that the seizures start in one area of your brain. Seizures can start on either the left or right frontal lobe. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy can affect anyone at any age. You may be more at risk of developing frontal lobe epilepsy if you: Have a biological family history of epilepsy. […] Frequent frontal lobe seizures may lead to the following: Increased risk of injuries, Status epilepticus (seizures that last longer than five minutes), which is a life-threatening emergency.

• #47 Frontal lobe seizures – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures/symptoms-causes/syc-20353958

  Frontal lobe seizures are a common form of epilepsy. Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which clusters of brain cells send a burst of electrical signals. This causes movements that can’t be controlled, known as seizures. Frontal lobe seizures begin in the front of the brain, the area known as the frontal lobe. […] Frontal lobe seizures also are known as frontal lobe epilepsy. […] Changes in brain tissue, infection, injury, stroke, tumors or other conditions can cause frontal lobe seizures. […] Frontal lobe seizures can be caused by tumors, stroke, infection or traumatic injuries in the brain’s frontal lobes. […] For about half of people who have frontal lobe epilepsy, the cause is not known. […] Risk factors of frontal lobe seizures include: Family history of seizures or brain disorders. Head trauma. Brain infection. Brain tumors. Blood vessels or brain tissues that form in an irregular way. Stroke.

• #48 Frontal Lobe Seizures: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17011-frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  Frontal lobe epilepsy is a pattern of abnormal electrical activity in the front part of your brain, behind your forehead. It causes frontal lobe seizures that usually happen at night. Antiseizure medications and surgery may help manage this condition. […] Frontal lobe seizures are a type of focal (partial) seizure. This means that the seizures start in one area of your brain. Seizures can start on either the left or right frontal lobe. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy can affect anyone at any age. You may be more at risk of developing frontal lobe epilepsy if you: Have a biological family history of epilepsy. […] Frequent frontal lobe seizures may lead to the following: Increased risk of injuries, Status epilepticus (seizures that last longer than five minutes), which is a life-threatening emergency.

• #49 Frontal lobe seizures | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20197154/

  Frontal lobe seizures are a common form of epilepsy. […] Frontal lobe seizures can be caused by tumors, stroke, infection or traumatic injuries in the brains frontal lobes. […] Frontal lobe seizures also are associated with a rare inherited disorder called autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. […] For about half of people who have frontal lobe epilepsy, the cause is not known. […] Risk factors of frontal lobe seizures include: Family history of seizures or brain disorders, Head trauma, Brain infection, Brain tumors, Blood vessels or brain tissues that form in an irregular way, Stroke. […] Frontal lobe seizures can cause complications that may include: Seizures that last dangerously long, Injury, Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP), Depression and anxiety. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy can be hard to diagnose.

• #50 Frontal lobe seizures – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures/symptoms-causes/syc-20353958

  Frontal lobe seizures are a common form of epilepsy. Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which clusters of brain cells send a burst of electrical signals. This causes movements that can’t be controlled, known as seizures. Frontal lobe seizures begin in the front of the brain, the area known as the frontal lobe. […] Frontal lobe seizures also are known as frontal lobe epilepsy. […] Changes in brain tissue, infection, injury, stroke, tumors or other conditions can cause frontal lobe seizures. […] Frontal lobe seizures can be caused by tumors, stroke, infection or traumatic injuries in the brain’s frontal lobes. […] For about half of people who have frontal lobe epilepsy, the cause is not known. […] Risk factors of frontal lobe seizures include: Family history of seizures or brain disorders. Head trauma. Brain infection. Brain tumors. Blood vessels or brain tissues that form in an irregular way. Stroke.

• #51 Frontal lobe seizures | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20197154/

  Frontal lobe seizures are a common form of epilepsy. […] Frontal lobe seizures can be caused by tumors, stroke, infection or traumatic injuries in the brains frontal lobes. […] Frontal lobe seizures also are associated with a rare inherited disorder called autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. […] For about half of people who have frontal lobe epilepsy, the cause is not known. […] Risk factors of frontal lobe seizures include: Family history of seizures or brain disorders, Head trauma, Brain infection, Brain tumors, Blood vessels or brain tissues that form in an irregular way, Stroke. […] Frontal lobe seizures can cause complications that may include: Seizures that last dangerously long, Injury, Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP), Depression and anxiety. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy can be hard to diagnose.

• #52 Frontal lobe seizures – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/frontal-lobe-seizures/

  Frontal lobe seizures are a common form of epilepsy, a neurological disorder in which clusters of brain cells send abnormal signals and cause seizures. These types of seizures stem from the front of the brain. […] Abnormal brain tissue, infection, injury, stroke, tumors or other conditions can also cause frontal lobe seizures. […] Frontal lobe seizures, or frontal lobe epilepsy, can be caused by abnormalities — such as tumors, stroke, infection or traumatic injuries — in the brain’s frontal lobes. […] For about half the people who have frontal lobe epilepsy, the cause remains unknown. […] Frontal lobe seizures, which tend to occur in clusters, might provoke this dangerous condition in which seizure activity lasts much longer than usual. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms can be mistaken for psychiatric problems or sleep disorders, such as night terrors.

• #53 Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Causes & Symptoms – Unique Community Services

  https://uniquecs.co.uk/blog/frontal-lobe-epilepsy/

  Frontal lobe seizures can affect people of any age and gender. Some risk factors are common with those of epilepsy, including: […] Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is estimated in 20-30% of partial seizures in the UK, and its the second most common type of focal epilepsy. […] Almost half of frontal lobe seizures are caused by a difference in brain development during pregnancy. […] Other possible causes of frontal lobe epilepsy include damage of the frontal lobe region caused by mechanical trauma, stroke or abnormal growth of tumour brain cells. […] Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy is associated with genetic mutations and appears to run in families. […] As many frontal lobe seizures occur while the person is asleep, there are potential risks caused by the seizures and complications that include:

• #54 Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Causes & Symptoms – Unique Community Services

  https://uniquecs.co.uk/blog/frontal-lobe-epilepsy/

  Frontal lobe seizures can affect people of any age and gender. Some risk factors are common with those of epilepsy, including: […] Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is estimated in 20-30% of partial seizures in the UK, and its the second most common type of focal epilepsy. […] Almost half of frontal lobe seizures are caused by a difference in brain development during pregnancy. […] Other possible causes of frontal lobe epilepsy include damage of the frontal lobe region caused by mechanical trauma, stroke or abnormal growth of tumour brain cells. […] Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy is associated with genetic mutations and appears to run in families. […] As many frontal lobe seizures occur while the person is asleep, there are potential risks caused by the seizures and complications that include:

• #55 Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Causes & Symptoms – Unique Community Services

  https://uniquecs.co.uk/blog/frontal-lobe-epilepsy/

  Frontal lobe seizures can affect people of any age and gender. Some risk factors are common with those of epilepsy, including: […] Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is estimated in 20-30% of partial seizures in the UK, and its the second most common type of focal epilepsy. […] Almost half of frontal lobe seizures are caused by a difference in brain development during pregnancy. […] Other possible causes of frontal lobe epilepsy include damage of the frontal lobe region caused by mechanical trauma, stroke or abnormal growth of tumour brain cells. […] Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy is associated with genetic mutations and appears to run in families. […] As many frontal lobe seizures occur while the person is asleep, there are potential risks caused by the seizures and complications that include:

• #56 Frontal Lobe Seizures: Symptoms, Causes, Outlook, and More

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/epilepsy/frontal-lobe-seizures

  Frontal lobe seizures are short focal (partial) seizures. Instead of starting in widespread or generalized areas of the brain, they begin in the frontal lobe behind the forehead. […] Frontal lobe seizures can occur due to frontal lobe epilepsy, a neurological condition that causes electrical brain activity to produce seizures. Frontal lobe epilepsy is a particularly common form of epilepsy. […] A 2018 study identifies certain genetic traits that may contribute to frontal lobe seizures in epilepsy. This includes hereditary genes that may increase the chance of having epilepsy if one of your biological parents has the gene. […] Many treatments for frontal lobe seizures and epilepsy can be effective. […] Medication, neuromodulation, and surgery can be effective at preventing and controlling frontal lobe seizures.

• #57 Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-nocturnal-frontal-lobe-epilepsy/

  Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is an uncommon form of epilepsy that runs in families. This disorder causes seizures that usually occur at night (nocturnally) while an affected person is sleeping. Some people with ADNFLE also have seizures during the day. […] ADNFLE appears to be an uncommon form of epilepsy; its prevalence is unknown. This condition has been reported in more than 100 families worldwide. […] The seizures associated with ADNFLE begin in areas of the brain called the frontal lobes. These regions of the brain are involved in many critical functions, including reasoning, planning, judgment, and problem-solving. It is unclear why mutations in the CHRNA2, CHRNA4, and CHRNB2 genes cause seizures in the frontal lobes rather than elsewhere in the brain. Researchers are also working to determine why these seizures occur most often during sleep.

• #58 Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-nocturnal-frontal-lobe-epilepsy/

  Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is an uncommon form of epilepsy that runs in families. This disorder causes seizures that usually occur at night (nocturnally) while an affected person is sleeping. Some people with ADNFLE also have seizures during the day. […] ADNFLE appears to be an uncommon form of epilepsy; its prevalence is unknown. This condition has been reported in more than 100 families worldwide. […] The seizures associated with ADNFLE begin in areas of the brain called the frontal lobes. These regions of the brain are involved in many critical functions, including reasoning, planning, judgment, and problem-solving. It is unclear why mutations in the CHRNA2, CHRNA4, and CHRNB2 genes cause seizures in the frontal lobes rather than elsewhere in the brain. Researchers are also working to determine why these seizures occur most often during sleep.

• #59

  https://aesnet.org/about/aes-press-room/press-releases/women-with-frontal-lobe-epilepsy-most-likely-to-have-more-seizures-while-pregnant

  53 percent of women with frontal lobe epilepsy, in which the seizures begin in the front of the brain, experience more frequent seizures during pregnancy, suggests a study being presented at the American Epilepsy Society Annual Meeting. […] The new study found that those with the frontal lobe type of focal epilepsy were especially likely to experience more frequent seizures while pregnant. […] Physicians need to monitor women with focal epilepsy especially frontal lobe epilepsy more closely during pregnancy because maintaining seizure control is particularly challenging for them. […] Seizures were more frequent during pregnancy compared to the pre-pregnancy period in: 53 percent of women with frontal lobe epilepsy. […] In women with frontal epilepsy, seizure worsening was most likely to begin in the second trimester of pregnancy. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy is known to be difficult to manage in general and often resistant to therapy, but it isn’t clear why the seizures got worse among pregnant women because the level of medication in their blood was considered adequate.

• #60

  https://aesnet.org/about/aes-press-room/press-releases/women-with-frontal-lobe-epilepsy-most-likely-to-have-more-seizures-while-pregnant

  53 percent of women with frontal lobe epilepsy, in which the seizures begin in the front of the brain, experience more frequent seizures during pregnancy, suggests a study being presented at the American Epilepsy Society Annual Meeting. […] The new study found that those with the frontal lobe type of focal epilepsy were especially likely to experience more frequent seizures while pregnant. […] Physicians need to monitor women with focal epilepsy especially frontal lobe epilepsy more closely during pregnancy because maintaining seizure control is particularly challenging for them. […] Seizures were more frequent during pregnancy compared to the pre-pregnancy period in: 53 percent of women with frontal lobe epilepsy. […] In women with frontal epilepsy, seizure worsening was most likely to begin in the second trimester of pregnancy. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy is known to be difficult to manage in general and often resistant to therapy, but it isn’t clear why the seizures got worse among pregnant women because the level of medication in their blood was considered adequate.

• #61

  https://aesnet.org/about/aes-press-room/press-releases/women-with-frontal-lobe-epilepsy-most-likely-to-have-more-seizures-while-pregnant

  53 percent of women with frontal lobe epilepsy, in which the seizures begin in the front of the brain, experience more frequent seizures during pregnancy, suggests a study being presented at the American Epilepsy Society Annual Meeting. […] The new study found that those with the frontal lobe type of focal epilepsy were especially likely to experience more frequent seizures while pregnant. […] Physicians need to monitor women with focal epilepsy especially frontal lobe epilepsy more closely during pregnancy because maintaining seizure control is particularly challenging for them. […] Seizures were more frequent during pregnancy compared to the pre-pregnancy period in: 53 percent of women with frontal lobe epilepsy. […] In women with frontal epilepsy, seizure worsening was most likely to begin in the second trimester of pregnancy. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy is known to be difficult to manage in general and often resistant to therapy, but it isn’t clear why the seizures got worse among pregnant women because the level of medication in their blood was considered adequate.

• #62

  https://aesnet.org/about/aes-press-room/press-releases/women-with-frontal-lobe-epilepsy-most-likely-to-have-more-seizures-while-pregnant

  53 percent of women with frontal lobe epilepsy, in which the seizures begin in the front of the brain, experience more frequent seizures during pregnancy, suggests a study being presented at the American Epilepsy Society Annual Meeting. […] The new study found that those with the frontal lobe type of focal epilepsy were especially likely to experience more frequent seizures while pregnant. […] Physicians need to monitor women with focal epilepsy especially frontal lobe epilepsy more closely during pregnancy because maintaining seizure control is particularly challenging for them. […] Seizures were more frequent during pregnancy compared to the pre-pregnancy period in: 53 percent of women with frontal lobe epilepsy. […] In women with frontal epilepsy, seizure worsening was most likely to begin in the second trimester of pregnancy. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy is known to be difficult to manage in general and often resistant to therapy, but it isn’t clear why the seizures got worse among pregnant women because the level of medication in their blood was considered adequate.

• #63 Frontal lobe seizures – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures/symptoms-causes/syc-20353958

  Frontal lobe seizures can cause complications that may include: Seizures that last dangerously long. Frontal lobe seizures tend to occur in clusters. For this reason, they might provoke a condition in which seizure activity lasts much longer than usual, known as status epilepticus. If these seizures continue, they can cause permanent brain damage or death. […] Seizures that last longer than five minutes are medical emergencies. Call 911 or get medical help right away if you witness someone having a seizure for longer than five minutes.

• #64 Frontal Lobe Seizures: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17011-frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  Frontal lobe epilepsy is a pattern of abnormal electrical activity in the front part of your brain, behind your forehead. It causes frontal lobe seizures that usually happen at night. Antiseizure medications and surgery may help manage this condition. […] Frontal lobe seizures are a type of focal (partial) seizure. This means that the seizures start in one area of your brain. Seizures can start on either the left or right frontal lobe. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy can affect anyone at any age. You may be more at risk of developing frontal lobe epilepsy if you: Have a biological family history of epilepsy. […] Frequent frontal lobe seizures may lead to the following: Increased risk of injuries, Status epilepticus (seizures that last longer than five minutes), which is a life-threatening emergency.

• #65 Frontal lobe seizures | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20197154/

  Frontal lobe seizures are a common form of epilepsy. […] Frontal lobe seizures can be caused by tumors, stroke, infection or traumatic injuries in the brains frontal lobes. […] Frontal lobe seizures also are associated with a rare inherited disorder called autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. […] For about half of people who have frontal lobe epilepsy, the cause is not known. […] Risk factors of frontal lobe seizures include: Family history of seizures or brain disorders, Head trauma, Brain infection, Brain tumors, Blood vessels or brain tissues that form in an irregular way, Stroke. […] Frontal lobe seizures can cause complications that may include: Seizures that last dangerously long, Injury, Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP), Depression and anxiety. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy can be hard to diagnose.

• #66 Frontal Lobe Seizures: Symptoms, Causes, Outlook, and More

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/epilepsy/frontal-lobe-seizures

  The following complications may result from frontal lobe seizures: injury during seizure, depression, impairments to quality of life, status epilepticus, a severe type of seizure that lasts 5 minutes or more, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). […] A 2016 study also suggests that in most cases, the long-term outlook for epilepsy is positive. Also, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that as much as 70% of people with epilepsy may live seizure-free with effective treatment.

• #67 Frontal lobe seizures – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures/symptoms-causes/syc-20353958

  Frontal lobe seizures can cause complications that may include: Seizures that last dangerously long. Frontal lobe seizures tend to occur in clusters. For this reason, they might provoke a condition in which seizure activity lasts much longer than usual, known as status epilepticus. If these seizures continue, they can cause permanent brain damage or death. […] Seizures that last longer than five minutes are medical emergencies. Call 911 or get medical help right away if you witness someone having a seizure for longer than five minutes.

• #68 Frontal Lobe Seizures: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17011-frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  Frontal lobe epilepsy is a pattern of abnormal electrical activity in the front part of your brain, behind your forehead. It causes frontal lobe seizures that usually happen at night. Antiseizure medications and surgery may help manage this condition. […] Frontal lobe seizures are a type of focal (partial) seizure. This means that the seizures start in one area of your brain. Seizures can start on either the left or right frontal lobe. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy can affect anyone at any age. You may be more at risk of developing frontal lobe epilepsy if you: Have a biological family history of epilepsy. […] Frequent frontal lobe seizures may lead to the following: Increased risk of injuries, Status epilepticus (seizures that last longer than five minutes), which is a life-threatening emergency.

• #69 Frontal Lobe Seizures: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17011-frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  Frontal lobe epilepsy is a pattern of abnormal electrical activity in the front part of your brain, behind your forehead. It causes frontal lobe seizures that usually happen at night. Antiseizure medications and surgery may help manage this condition. […] Frontal lobe seizures are a type of focal (partial) seizure. This means that the seizures start in one area of your brain. Seizures can start on either the left or right frontal lobe. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy can affect anyone at any age. You may be more at risk of developing frontal lobe epilepsy if you: Have a biological family history of epilepsy. […] Frequent frontal lobe seizures may lead to the following: Increased risk of injuries, Status epilepticus (seizures that last longer than five minutes), which is a life-threatening emergency.

• #70 Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1184076-overview

  As with all epilepsy patients, particularly those with medically intractable seizures, patients with frontal lobe epilepsy should be counseled on the risk of SUDEP (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy patients). However, patients with frontal lobe epilepsy do not appear to have a higher incidence of SUDEP compared to other epilepsy populations.

• #71 Frontal lobe seizures | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20197154/

  Frontal lobe seizures are a common form of epilepsy. […] Frontal lobe seizures can be caused by tumors, stroke, infection or traumatic injuries in the brains frontal lobes. […] Frontal lobe seizures also are associated with a rare inherited disorder called autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. […] For about half of people who have frontal lobe epilepsy, the cause is not known. […] Risk factors of frontal lobe seizures include: Family history of seizures or brain disorders, Head trauma, Brain infection, Brain tumors, Blood vessels or brain tissues that form in an irregular way, Stroke. […] Frontal lobe seizures can cause complications that may include: Seizures that last dangerously long, Injury, Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP), Depression and anxiety. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy can be hard to diagnose.

• #72 Frontal lobe seizures | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20197154/

  Frontal lobe seizures are a common form of epilepsy. […] Frontal lobe seizures can be caused by tumors, stroke, infection or traumatic injuries in the brains frontal lobes. […] Frontal lobe seizures also are associated with a rare inherited disorder called autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. […] For about half of people who have frontal lobe epilepsy, the cause is not known. […] Risk factors of frontal lobe seizures include: Family history of seizures or brain disorders, Head trauma, Brain infection, Brain tumors, Blood vessels or brain tissues that form in an irregular way, Stroke. […] Frontal lobe seizures can cause complications that may include: Seizures that last dangerously long, Injury, Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP), Depression and anxiety. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy can be hard to diagnose.

• #73 Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1184076-overview

  The exact incidence of frontal lobe epilepsy is not known. In most centers, however, frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for 20-30% of operative procedures involving intractable epilepsy. […] No significant sex-based frequency difference has been reported for frontal lobe epilepsy in epidemiologic studies. However, a comparison of frontal lobe versus temporal lobe seizures captured during epilepsy monitoring has suggested a male predominance in frontal lobe seizures. […] Symptomatic frontal lobe epilepsy may affect patients of all ages. In a large series of cases, the mean subject age was 28.5 years, with the age of epilepsy onset 9.3 years for left frontal epilepsy and 11.1 years for right frontal epilepsy. […] Complications of frontal lobe epilepsy may include status epilepticus or a comorbid psychiatric or behavioral disturbance. The episodes of status epilepticus may be convulsive, nonconvulsive, or focal without impaired awareness.

• #74 All About Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (FLE)Healthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/epilepsy/frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  Frontal lobe epilepsy is typically diagnosed by a neurologist who specializes in the brain. […] A neurologist may conduct a variety of tests, such as: an electroencephalogram (EEG) that monitors electrical activity in the brain; imaging tests like a CT scan or MRI to look for tumors, brain damage, or signs of a recent stroke that could be causing your seizures. […] FLE is primarily treated with medications called anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). […] Possible complications of FLE can include cognitive impairment, which may be more pronounced in school settings; behavioral challenges; increased risk of depression. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy affects the front portion of your brain and can lead to chronic focal seizures.

• #75

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69030/cardiac_arrest_in_frontal_lobe_epilepsy__a.41.aspx

  Frontal lobe epilepsy may be a potential cause of SUDEP. Clinician should be aware of this condition. […] The occurrence of ictal asystole and SUDEP in frontal lobe epilepsy is extremely rare. The treating neurologist should be aware of this condition. […] We report a patient who sustained cardiac arrest during the ictal period of frontal lobe epilepsy. […] Ictal asystole caused by frontal lobe epilepsy is extremely rare. […] As ictal asystole has been identified as a potential cause of SUDEP, we should be aware of the possible link between SUDEP and frontal lobe epilepsy. […] We presented a patient with frontal lobe epilepsy who developed ictal asystole; our findings suggest a possible linkage between frontal lobe epilepsy and cardiac arrest. Clinicians should be aware of this condition as epilepsy-related cardiac arrest may be associated with SUDEP.

• #76 Frontal Lobe Seizures: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17011-frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  To diagnose frontal lobe epilepsy, your healthcare provider will review your medical history and perform a physical exam. Testing helps confirm a diagnosis. […] The goal of frontal lobe epilepsy treatment is to reduce how many frontal lobe seizures you experience. Your healthcare provider may recommend the following: Antiseizure medications, Epilepsy surgery, Neuromodulation. […] While there isn’t a cure for frontal lobe epilepsy, many people report fewer seizures or seizure freedom with the right combination of medications or after surgery.

• #77 Frontal Lobe Seizures: Symptoms, Causes, Outlook, and More

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/epilepsy/frontal-lobe-seizures

  The following complications may result from frontal lobe seizures: injury during seizure, depression, impairments to quality of life, status epilepticus, a severe type of seizure that lasts 5 minutes or more, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). […] A 2016 study also suggests that in most cases, the long-term outlook for epilepsy is positive. Also, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that as much as 70% of people with epilepsy may live seizure-free with effective treatment.

• #78 Frontal Lobe Seizures: Symptoms, Causes, Outlook, and More

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/epilepsy/frontal-lobe-seizures

  The following complications may result from frontal lobe seizures: injury during seizure, depression, impairments to quality of life, status epilepticus, a severe type of seizure that lasts 5 minutes or more, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). […] A 2016 study also suggests that in most cases, the long-term outlook for epilepsy is positive. Also, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that as much as 70% of people with epilepsy may live seizure-free with effective treatment.

• #79 Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: Symptoms, causes, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/nocturnal-frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  Treatment for SHE usually involves medications. Anti-seizure medications can be effective at treating SHE for many people, including: […] Medications cannot stop seizures for around 3 in 10 people with SHE. Surgery may be necessary for some people with FCD whose SHE symptoms do not respond to medications. […] No cure is available for SHE, but medications and other treatments may help people control symptoms. […] SHE does not get worse over time. However, for many people, seizures become milder and less frequent as they get older. […] Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE), formerly known as nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE), is a rare form of epilepsy that mainly causes brief seizures and involuntary movements while people sleep. […] SHE can occur due to focal cortical dysplasia, injury, or genetic mutations. Diagnosing SHE can be complex, but a video EEG and genetic testing can help confirm an SHE diagnosis.

• #80 Neurosurgical management of frontal lobe epilepsy in children in: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Volume 10 Issue 3 (2012) Journals

  https://thejns.org/pediatrics/view/journals/j-neurosurg-pediatr/10/3/article-p206.xml

  Pediatric frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) remains a challenging condition for neurosurgeons and epileptologists to manage. […] Control of FLE remains a challenging problem. Favorable seizure outcome, obtained in 62% of patients in this series, is still not as easily obtained in FLE as it is in temporal lobe epilepsy. […] While no statistically significant predictors of seizure outcome were revealed in this study, patients with FLE continue to require extensive workup and investigation to arrive at a logical and comprehensive neurosurgical treatment plan. Future studies with improved neuroimaging and advanced invasive monitoring strategies may well help define factors for success in this form of epilepsy that is difficult to control.

• #81 Frontal lobe seizures | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures

  Frontal lobe epilepsy can be hard to diagnose. […] To make a diagnosis, a health care professional reviews your symptoms and medical history. […] Brain imaging usually an MRI might reveal the source of frontal lobe seizures. […] An EEG monitors the electrical activity in the brain. […] Video EEG is recommended for some people with seizures. […] Over the past decade, treatment options have increased for frontal lobe seizures. […] If your seizures can’t be controlled with medicines, surgery might be an option. […] If you have surgery for frontal lobe seizures, it’s likely you’ll need anti-seizure medicine after the surgery. […] Seizures can be triggered by alcohol intake, smoking and, especially, lack of sleep. […] Frontal lobe seizures can involve loud utterances or sexual movements that may make the person with epilepsy anxious.

• #82 Frontal lobe seizures – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/frontal-lobe-seizures/

  Over the past decade, treatment options have increased for frontal lobe seizures. […] If your seizures can’t be controlled with medications, surgery might be an option. […] If you have surgery for your frontal lobe seizures, you’re likely to continue to need anti-seizure medication after the surgery, although possibly at a lower dose.

• #83 Frontal lobe epilepsy – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15634619/

  Frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for only 10-20% of the patients in surgical series, but the incidence in non-surgical patient cohorts seems to be much higher. […] The yield of surface EEG may be limited due to the difficulty in detection of mesial or basal foci, and the patient may be misdiagnosed as having non-epileptic events. […] Therefore, epilepsy surgery has been commonly considered as less promising in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy. […] However, the advent of sophisticated neuroimaging techniques, particularly MRI with epilepsy-specific sequences, has made it possible to delineate the epileptogenic lesion and detect a specific etiology, in an increasing number of patients. […] Thus, the success rate of epilepsy surgery in frontal lobe epilepsy is currently comparable to temporal lobe epilepsy, if the candidates are carefully selected.

• #84 Frontal lobe epilepsy – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15634619/

  Frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for only 10-20% of the patients in surgical series, but the incidence in non-surgical patient cohorts seems to be much higher. […] The yield of surface EEG may be limited due to the difficulty in detection of mesial or basal foci, and the patient may be misdiagnosed as having non-epileptic events. […] Therefore, epilepsy surgery has been commonly considered as less promising in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy. […] However, the advent of sophisticated neuroimaging techniques, particularly MRI with epilepsy-specific sequences, has made it possible to delineate the epileptogenic lesion and detect a specific etiology, in an increasing number of patients. […] Thus, the success rate of epilepsy surgery in frontal lobe epilepsy is currently comparable to temporal lobe epilepsy, if the candidates are carefully selected.

• #85 Frontal lobe epilepsy – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15634619/

  Frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for only 10-20% of the patients in surgical series, but the incidence in non-surgical patient cohorts seems to be much higher. […] The yield of surface EEG may be limited due to the difficulty in detection of mesial or basal foci, and the patient may be misdiagnosed as having non-epileptic events. […] Therefore, epilepsy surgery has been commonly considered as less promising in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy. […] However, the advent of sophisticated neuroimaging techniques, particularly MRI with epilepsy-specific sequences, has made it possible to delineate the epileptogenic lesion and detect a specific etiology, in an increasing number of patients. […] Thus, the success rate of epilepsy surgery in frontal lobe epilepsy is currently comparable to temporal lobe epilepsy, if the candidates are carefully selected.

• #86 Arterial spin labeling for presurgical localization of refractory frontal lobe epilepsy in children | European Journal of Medical Research | Full Text

  https://eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-021-00564-0

  Therefore, it is essential to find ways to improve the positivity rate of MRI in patients with refractory focal epilepsy for presurgical evaluation. […] ASL can be used to locate epileptic lesions noninvasively in conjunction with EEG results. EEG has a certain diagnostic value for brain diseases, especially in patients with focal epilepsy, although it is limited to certain conditions and susceptible to various factors. […] These results lay a foundation for the identification and accurate localization of epileptic lesions through the use of ASL combined with EEG and suggest that ASL cerebral perfusion imaging can be an alternative to PET imaging and localization that has the added advantages of being safer, cheaper, and faster.

• #87 Arterial spin labeling for presurgical localization of refractory frontal lobe epilepsy in children | European Journal of Medical Research | Full Text

  https://eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-021-00564-0

  Therefore, it is essential to find ways to improve the positivity rate of MRI in patients with refractory focal epilepsy for presurgical evaluation. […] ASL can be used to locate epileptic lesions noninvasively in conjunction with EEG results. EEG has a certain diagnostic value for brain diseases, especially in patients with focal epilepsy, although it is limited to certain conditions and susceptible to various factors. […] These results lay a foundation for the identification and accurate localization of epileptic lesions through the use of ASL combined with EEG and suggest that ASL cerebral perfusion imaging can be an alternative to PET imaging and localization that has the added advantages of being safer, cheaper, and faster.

• #88

  https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/715361

  In the absence of an MRI lesion, intracranial EEG usually identified the area to be resected, although it too provided misleading information in one case. […] Surgical procedures consisted of focal resections with or without anterior corpus callosotomy, or of corpus callosotomy alone. […] Nearly all patients improved after surgery, with a majority (67%) becoming seizure-free (average follow-up, 46 months). […] Preoperative seizure frequency correlated with seizure relief after surgery, as did age of seizure onset, whereas presence of tumor did not. […] We conclude that frontal lobe epilepsy warrants aggressive investigation and that surgical treatment often can be successful.

• #89

  https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/715361

  In the absence of an MRI lesion, intracranial EEG usually identified the area to be resected, although it too provided misleading information in one case. […] Surgical procedures consisted of focal resections with or without anterior corpus callosotomy, or of corpus callosotomy alone. […] Nearly all patients improved after surgery, with a majority (67%) becoming seizure-free (average follow-up, 46 months). […] Preoperative seizure frequency correlated with seizure relief after surgery, as did age of seizure onset, whereas presence of tumor did not. […] We conclude that frontal lobe epilepsy warrants aggressive investigation and that surgical treatment often can be successful.

• #90

  https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/715361

  In the absence of an MRI lesion, intracranial EEG usually identified the area to be resected, although it too provided misleading information in one case. […] Surgical procedures consisted of focal resections with or without anterior corpus callosotomy, or of corpus callosotomy alone. […] Nearly all patients improved after surgery, with a majority (67%) becoming seizure-free (average follow-up, 46 months). […] Preoperative seizure frequency correlated with seizure relief after surgery, as did age of seizure onset, whereas presence of tumor did not. […] We conclude that frontal lobe epilepsy warrants aggressive investigation and that surgical treatment often can be successful.

• #91 Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Causes & Symptoms – Unique Community Services

  https://uniquecs.co.uk/blog/frontal-lobe-epilepsy/

  Common methods used in diagnosing frontal lobe epilepsy include: […] There are several treatment methods for addressing frontal lobe seizures. The most common include: […] In most cases, your healthcare provider will prescribe anti-seizure medications depending on epilepsy. […] Many healthcare practitioners recommend special diets and lifestyle changes to prevent frontal lobe seizures. […] People with frontal lobe epilepsy who dont respond well to anti-epileptic medications may decide to undergo a surgical treatment. […] Neuromodulation is a modification of the nerve activity in the brain by delivering electrical stimulation to specifically targeted parts of the brain.

• #92 Neurosurgical management of frontal lobe epilepsy in children in: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Volume 10 Issue 3 (2012) Journals

  https://thejns.org/pediatrics/view/journals/j-neurosurg-pediatr/10/3/article-p206.xml

  Pediatric frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) remains a challenging condition for neurosurgeons and epileptologists to manage. […] Control of FLE remains a challenging problem. Favorable seizure outcome, obtained in 62% of patients in this series, is still not as easily obtained in FLE as it is in temporal lobe epilepsy. […] While no statistically significant predictors of seizure outcome were revealed in this study, patients with FLE continue to require extensive workup and investigation to arrive at a logical and comprehensive neurosurgical treatment plan. Future studies with improved neuroimaging and advanced invasive monitoring strategies may well help define factors for success in this form of epilepsy that is difficult to control.

• #93 Widespread brain activity increases in frontal lobe seizures with impaired consciousness | bioRxiv

  https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614207v1

  Impaired consciousness is a serious clinical manifestation of epilepsy with negative consequences on quality of life. Little work has investigated impaired consciousness in frontal lobe seizures, a common form of focal epilepsy. […] We used intracranial EEG recordings of 65 frontal lobe seizures in 30 patients for quantitative analysis of ictal cortical activity and its relationship to impaired consciousness. […] Our findings contrast with focal temporal lobe epilepsy, where impaired consciousness is associated with cortical slow waves. We can speculate that different focal seizure types produce impaired consciousness by impacting widespread cortical regions but through different physiological mechanisms. Insights gained by studying mechanisms of impaired consciousness may be the first step towards developing novel treatments to prevent this important negative consequence of epilepsy.

• #94 Widespread brain activity increases in frontal lobe seizures with impaired consciousness | bioRxiv

  https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614207v1

  Impaired consciousness is a serious clinical manifestation of epilepsy with negative consequences on quality of life. Little work has investigated impaired consciousness in frontal lobe seizures, a common form of focal epilepsy. […] We used intracranial EEG recordings of 65 frontal lobe seizures in 30 patients for quantitative analysis of ictal cortical activity and its relationship to impaired consciousness. […] Our findings contrast with focal temporal lobe epilepsy, where impaired consciousness is associated with cortical slow waves. We can speculate that different focal seizure types produce impaired consciousness by impacting widespread cortical regions but through different physiological mechanisms. Insights gained by studying mechanisms of impaired consciousness may be the first step towards developing novel treatments to prevent this important negative consequence of epilepsy.

• #95 Widespread brain activity increases in frontal lobe seizures with impaired consciousness | bioRxiv

  https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614207v1

  Impaired consciousness is a serious clinical manifestation of epilepsy with negative consequences on quality of life. Little work has investigated impaired consciousness in frontal lobe seizures, a common form of focal epilepsy. […] We used intracranial EEG recordings of 65 frontal lobe seizures in 30 patients for quantitative analysis of ictal cortical activity and its relationship to impaired consciousness. […] Our findings contrast with focal temporal lobe epilepsy, where impaired consciousness is associated with cortical slow waves. We can speculate that different focal seizure types produce impaired consciousness by impacting widespread cortical regions but through different physiological mechanisms. Insights gained by studying mechanisms of impaired consciousness may be the first step towards developing novel treatments to prevent this important negative consequence of epilepsy.

• #96 Widespread brain activity increases in frontal lobe seizures with impaired consciousness | bioRxiv

  https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614207v1

  Impaired consciousness is a serious clinical manifestation of epilepsy with negative consequences on quality of life. Little work has investigated impaired consciousness in frontal lobe seizures, a common form of focal epilepsy. […] We used intracranial EEG recordings of 65 frontal lobe seizures in 30 patients for quantitative analysis of ictal cortical activity and its relationship to impaired consciousness. […] Our findings contrast with focal temporal lobe epilepsy, where impaired consciousness is associated with cortical slow waves. We can speculate that different focal seizure types produce impaired consciousness by impacting widespread cortical regions but through different physiological mechanisms. Insights gained by studying mechanisms of impaired consciousness may be the first step towards developing novel treatments to prevent this important negative consequence of epilepsy.

• #97 Altered intrinsic brain activity associated with outcome in frontal lobe epilepsy | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-45413-7

  Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is the second most common type of the focal epilepsies. […] Approximately 25% of all cases of refractory focal epilepsy are categorized as frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE). […] The clinical outcome of FLE is also widely variable. It is reported that, of all patients whose long-term seizure-free outcome has been reported, those with isolated FLE represent approximately 11%. […] However, the underlying functional mechanism responsible for the variation in treatment outcomes remains unknown. […] We performed a direct comparison between the groups of patients with refractory and responsive FLE, and also revealed striking differences between them. Specifically, relative to the responsive group, the refractory group exhibited a decrease in ALFF in the left vmPFC, right SMG, and SFG, whereas no brain regions with increased ALFF were found. […] Furthermore, accumulating studies indicate that FLE is a diffuse network disorder that affects the structure, function, and metabolism of the whole brain.

• #98 Altered intrinsic brain activity associated with outcome in frontal lobe epilepsy | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-45413-7

  Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is the second most common type of the focal epilepsies. […] Approximately 25% of all cases of refractory focal epilepsy are categorized as frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE). […] The clinical outcome of FLE is also widely variable. It is reported that, of all patients whose long-term seizure-free outcome has been reported, those with isolated FLE represent approximately 11%. […] However, the underlying functional mechanism responsible for the variation in treatment outcomes remains unknown. […] We performed a direct comparison between the groups of patients with refractory and responsive FLE, and also revealed striking differences between them. Specifically, relative to the responsive group, the refractory group exhibited a decrease in ALFF in the left vmPFC, right SMG, and SFG, whereas no brain regions with increased ALFF were found. […] Furthermore, accumulating studies indicate that FLE is a diffuse network disorder that affects the structure, function, and metabolism of the whole brain.

• #99

  https://aesnet.org/abstractslisting/paradoxical-worsening-of-frontal-lobe-seizures-with-benzodiazepines

  Paradoxical worsening of frontal lobe seizures with benzodiazepine usage can occur. […] BZDs are known to at times worsen drop seizures in LGS however to our knowledge there are no reports of BZDs worsening frontal lobe seizures. […] ASD induced seizure exacerbation is generally related to either incorrect diagnosis of epilepsy syndrome, inappropriate ASDs for particular seizure type.

• #100

  https://aesnet.org/abstractslisting/paradoxical-worsening-of-frontal-lobe-seizures-with-benzodiazepines

  Paradoxical worsening of frontal lobe seizures with benzodiazepine usage can occur. […] BZDs are known to at times worsen drop seizures in LGS however to our knowledge there are no reports of BZDs worsening frontal lobe seizures. […] ASD induced seizure exacerbation is generally related to either incorrect diagnosis of epilepsy syndrome, inappropriate ASDs for particular seizure type.

• #101

  https://aesnet.org/abstractslisting/paradoxical-worsening-of-frontal-lobe-seizures-with-benzodiazepines

  Paradoxical worsening of frontal lobe seizures with benzodiazepine usage can occur. […] BZDs are known to at times worsen drop seizures in LGS however to our knowledge there are no reports of BZDs worsening frontal lobe seizures. […] ASD induced seizure exacerbation is generally related to either incorrect diagnosis of epilepsy syndrome, inappropriate ASDs for particular seizure type.

• #102 Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Causes & Symptoms – Unique Community Services

  https://uniquecs.co.uk/blog/frontal-lobe-epilepsy/

  Common methods used in diagnosing frontal lobe epilepsy include: […] There are several treatment methods for addressing frontal lobe seizures. The most common include: […] In most cases, your healthcare provider will prescribe anti-seizure medications depending on epilepsy. […] Many healthcare practitioners recommend special diets and lifestyle changes to prevent frontal lobe seizures. […] People with frontal lobe epilepsy who dont respond well to anti-epileptic medications may decide to undergo a surgical treatment. […] Neuromodulation is a modification of the nerve activity in the brain by delivering electrical stimulation to specifically targeted parts of the brain.

• #103 Frontal lobe epilepsy: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/frontal-lobe-epilepsy

  Frontal lobe epilepsy symptoms can vary from person to person and can differ depending on which part of the frontal lobe the seizures affect. […] Frontal lobe seizures are often brief. […] Doctors typically treat frontal lobe epilepsy with medication, surgery, and neuromodulation. […] According to the AANS, up to 70% of people with epilepsy can manage their seizures with AEDs. […] According to a 2021 study published in The Lancet, more than half of people who experience seizures saw a long-term reduction in seizures after neuromodulation therapy. […] Complications of frontal lobe epilepsy may include: […] People with frontal lobe epilepsy may be able to manage or reduce seizures with the right medication, diet, or surgery. […] Reducing seizures can help minimize the risk of complications developing. […] Frontal lobe epilepsy is a common form of epilepsy causing brief seizures.

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