Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pulmonary Hypertension – Straight A Nursing

  https://straightanursingstudent.com/pulmonary-hypertension/

  Pulmonary hypertension is a condition in which there are high pressures within pulmonary circulation. […] The signs of symptoms of pulmonary hypertension develop gradually and many patients may not notice them for months or even years. As the condition progresses, signs and symptoms include: Dyspnea on exertion (as the disease progresses, patients experience dyspnea at rest), syncope or dizziness, fatigue, chest pain or pressure, heart palpitations, tachycardia, and/or dysrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, decreased appetite, cyanosis due to hypoxia, and signs and symptoms of right-sided heart failure: peripheral edema, ascites, hepatomegaly, and JVD. […] Priority assessments for a patient with pulmonary hypertension involve assessing both the respiratory and cardiovascular system.

• #1 Pulmonary Hypertension – Straight A Nursing

  https://straightanursingstudent.com/pulmonary-hypertension/

  Treatment for pulmonary hypertension will depend on which group of PH the patient has and current direct treatments only exist for pulmonary arterial hypertension (Group 1) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (Group 4). Other therapies aim to address the underlying causative factors and decrease symptoms. […] Important lifestyle modifications for a patient with PH are to get regular moderate exercise such as walking or cycling, follow a heart-healthy diet (avoid processed foods, foods high in fat and sodium), maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, and quitting smoking.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/nursingcriticalcare/fulltext/2019/05000/pulmonary_arterial_hypertension.3.aspx

  Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare and progressive disease associated with high pulmonary vascular pressures leading to right ventricular failure and death. […] Nursing considerations are discussed, with an emphasis on the continuum of care. […] The management of PAH is determined by identifying and treating the underlying cause. Counseling and educating the patient and family about the disease are important components in the care of patients with PAH. […] An understanding of diagnostics, pharmacologic treatments, and strong assessment skills are vital to providing safe and effective nursing care and effective education to a patient with PAH. […] The goal is to prevent complications and optimize the patient to decrease symptoms improving their quality of life. […] When the patient with PAH is decompensated necessitating admission to the hospital, a primary treatment goal is to initiate oxygen therapy for a PaO2 less than 60 mm Hg.

• #3 Pulmonary Hypertension: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0915/p463.html

  Pulmonary hypertension is a common, complex group of disorders that result from different pathophysiologic mechanisms but are all defined by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 25 mm Hg or greater. […] Echocardiography is recommended as the initial step in the evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary hypertension. […] For certain categories of pulmonary hypertension, particularly pulmonary arterial hypertension, treatment options are rapidly evolving, and early diagnosis and prompt referral to an expert center are critical to ensure the best prognosis. […] Other important considerations for patients with pulmonary hypertension include influenza and pneumonia immunizations, contraception counseling, preoperative assessment, and mental health. […] Family physicians most often encounter pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic disease such as heart failure, obstructive lung disease, and thromboembolism.

• #4 Pulmonary Hypertension Care | Ochsner Health

  https://www.ochsner.org/services/pulmonary-hypertension-program/

  Pulmonary Hypertension is high blood pressure in the lungs. It is a disease that affects both the heart and the lungs and is progressive and chronic. It requires comprehensive care from physicians experienced in diagnosing and treating this complex disease. […] Our team includes highly experienced cardiologists, pulmonologists, advanced practice providers, outpatient nurses, and inpatient cardiac and transplant step-down unit nurses who are deeply committed to improving our patients quality of life. […] Treatment for pulmonary hypertension varies from person to person, based on the cause and progression of the disease. Ochsner offers all approved medications for pulmonary hypertension, including: […] In some severe cases, a lung transplant may be an appropriate treatment when other therapies have failed.

• #5

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/treatments-and-services/pulmonary-medicine/pulmonary-hypertension

  Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the pulmonary (lung) artery between the lungs and heart. Its caused by narrowed, blocked, or damaged blood vessels due to inflammation or scarring. When this happens, it affects the blood flow from the heart to the lungs. […] Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension can include chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, swelling in ankles or legs, and fainting. Untreated, pulmonary hypertension can lead to right-sided heart failure (caused by the heart working too hard to pump blood), as well as blood clots (pulmonary embolism), irregular heartbeat (arrhythmias), or bleeding in the lungs. […] If you or your doctor suspects pulmonary hypertension, visit with a pulmonologist (lung specialist) at the University of Miami Health System. The earlier we can start treatment, the better.

• #6 Interstitial Lung Disease & Pulmonary Hypertension for Nurses

  https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/respiratory-7-interstitial-lung-disease-pulmonary-hypertension?srsltid=AfmBOoq9wW0qBKBbz9tzwwR4UnHe5uA-FFgcJZ-HG7AddlhJ8dm8LXlH

  Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the lungs. […] Pulmonary hypertension is caused by the narrowing of the arteries in the lungs and increased vascular resistance. […] Cor pulmonale is a key complication of pulmonary hypertension. […] Signs and symptoms of pulmonary hypertension may include dyspnea (difficulty breathing), fatigue, pallor, or chest pain upon exertion. […] When caring for a patient with pulmonary hypertension, options include administering oxygen or implementing fluid restrictions for right-sided heart failure, if indicated. […] Monitor the patient’s daily weight as weight gain is one of the first signs of fluid retention. […] Finally, encourage the patient to take frequent rest periods due to fatigue associated with pulmonary hypertension.

• #7

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pulmonary-hypertension/

  Pulmonary hypertension cannot be cured, but treatment can reduce the symptoms and help you manage your condition. […] Pulmonary hypertension usually gets worse over time. Left untreated, it may cause heart failure, which can be fatal, so it’s important treatment is started as soon as possible. […] Treatments for pulmonary hypertension may include anticoagulant medicines to reduce the blood’s ability to thicken (clot) and diuretics to remove excess fluid as a result of heart failure. […] You may also be offered medicine to widen the blood vessels. […] Home oxygen therapy may also be prescribed if the level of oxygen in your blood is low.

• #8 Pulmonary Hypertension: Symptoms, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6530-pulmonary-hypertension-ph

  Without treatment, pulmonary hypertension leads to right-sided heart failure and, ultimately, death. Treatment can help you live longer and give you a better quality of life. […] Talk with your provider about how to manage and monitor your condition. Your provider will tell you when you need to come in for checkups and tests. Be sure to tell your provider about any new or changing symptoms. […] Your provider will give you specific recommendations. One key step involves reducing your sodium intake. […] Call your provider if youre having problems with: A fast heart rate (120 beats per minute). […] Go to the emergency department or call your local emergency number if you have: A fast heart rate (120-150 beats per minute) that wont go down.

• #8 Pulmonary Hypertension: Symptoms, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6530-pulmonary-hypertension-ph

  Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in your pulmonary arteries, which carry oxygen-poor blood from your heart to your lungs. […] Early diagnosis and treatment can help you enjoy a better quality of life. […] Because pulmonary hypertension can affect your entire body, its essential that youre diagnosed and treated as early as possible. Your provider will prescribe treatment based on whats causing your PH. No matter the cause, untreated PH is life-threatening. […] Treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) includes: Calcium channel blockers. These medications can help lower the blood pressure in your pulmonary arteries and throughout your body. […] Treatment for PH caused by heart or lung problems focuses on managing the underlying conditions. […] A last resort option for some people with severe pulmonary hypertension is a lung transplant.

• #9 Nursing Care of Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-87429-6_111

  Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) ultimately develop symptoms of right-sided heart failure as a result of low cardiac output and arterial hypoxemia. […] Once diagnosed, patients should be referred to an experienced pulmonary hypertension (PH) center for further evaluation and management. PH program nurses are important in managing the care of patients. There are four specific roles that nurses assume: coordination of care, patient advocacy, patient assessment, and patient education. […] In addition, nurses provide ongoing emotional support to help patients, their families, and support persons to cope with living with this unpredictable chronic disease and to achieve the best quality of life possible. The benefits of good nursing care from an experienced PH center nurse are similar to those from advanced practice nurses managing congestive heart failure patients and they include improved quality of life, decreased number of hospital admissions, and prolonged survival. This chapter will focus specifically on the nursing care of PAH patients. It will highlight practical issues including assessing patients, developing a treatment plan, supporting patients and families/caregivers, handling special circumstances, and managing insurance issues.

• #10

  https://journals.lww.com/pccmjournal/Fulltext/2010/03001/Nursing_considerations_in_the_care_of_patients.00015.aspx?generateEpub=Article%7Cpccmjournal:2010:03001:00015%7C10.1097/pcc.0b013e3181d10cf4%7C

  Pulmonary hypertension is a potentially lethal condition that may be encountered during the entire life span of patients with many forms of congenital or acquired heart disease, pulmonary disorders, and other diseases. […] Each pulmonary hypertensive patient requires anticipatory interventions geared to prevent severe exacerbations of the pulmonary hypertensive condition, promote pulmonary vasodilation, and optimize ventricular function. […] Patients with pulmonary hypertension are at higher risk for developing pulmonary hypertensive episodes in the immediate postoperative period after cardiac surgery, as well as during nonsurgical admissions. […] Nurses are in a critical position to provide anticipatory care to prevent the development of pulmonary hypertensive events. […] Nurses can be instrumental in optimizing outcomes for patients with pulmonary hypertension by providing immediate care upon the development of a pulmonary hypertension event and by monitoring ongoing responses to adjustments in therapeutic interventions.

• #11 Pulmonary Hypertension Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/pulmonary-hypertension-nursing-diagnosis/

  Monitor Hemodynamics: Track vital signs, including blood pressure, Assess heart rhythm and rate, Monitor pulmonary artery pressures if available, Evaluate peripheral perfusion, Document edema. […] Assess Respiratory Status: Monitor respiratory rate and pattern, Assess oxygen saturation, Auscultate lung sounds, Evaluate work of breathing, Document activity tolerance. […] Evaluate Cardiac Function: Assess for signs of right heart failure, Monitor for chest pain, Check for peripheral edema, Document exercise tolerance, Monitor fluid balance. […] Check for Complications: Monitor for signs of right heart failure, Assess for syncope, Watch for bleeding complications, Check for thrombotic events, Monitor for anxiety and depression. […] Provide comprehensive patient education: Improves understanding and compliance. […] Develop an individualized self-management plan: Promotes patient engagement and adherence. […] Connect patient with resources and support services: Facilitates successful disease management.

• #12

  https://journals.lww.com/nursingcriticalcare/fulltext/2019/05000/pulmonary_arterial_hypertension.3.aspx

  A multidisciplinary approach to patient mobility is important because patients in advanced stages of PAH are at an increased risk for syncope. […] An important aspect of nursing care of these patients is the initiation and/or maintenance of pulmonary vasodilator medications. […] Discharge planning should begin at admission because a comprehensive care team will be needed to care for the patient with PAH in and out of the hospital. […] The nurses caring for these patients have a unique role in ongoing comprehensive assessment, assisting with goal planning, medication management, and patient/family education.

• #13 Peri-operative management of patients with pulmonary hypertension or cardiomyopathy

  https://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/Peri-operative_management_of_patients_with_pulmonary_hypertension_or_cardiomyopathy/

  Optimal perioperative management requires good communication between the treating team, anaesthetists, intensivists and the cardiology team. […] The overall management plan should minimise stress and maintain haemodynamic conditions as close to baseline, this can be achieved as follows: […] The staff whom are allocated for direct care of patient are responsible to ensure below tasks are completed. […] Promotion of a calm environment is important to minimise stress / anxiety which is a known stimuli for cardiac decompensation. […] Ensure IV hydration during fasting period until oral fluids are tolerated post-operatively. […] Management of cardiac decompensation during a procedure: […] Ensure adequate analgesia is ordered and administered to promote optimal patient comfort. […] The patient to return back to pre-procedure baseline prior to discharge or ward transfer.

• #14 Treating and Managing Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pulmonary-arterial-hypertension/treating-and-managing

  It is also important to stay up to date on all recommended vaccinations. […] Quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke is one of the most important decisions you can make. […] Though PAH may make you feel fatigued, it is important to stay active and exercise as much as possible. […] Eating healthy will be an important part of managing your disease. […] Pregnancy can put strain on your body and for a patient with PAH be possibly life-threatening, so this is a subject you should discuss with your healthcare provider prior to becoming pregnant. […] Many individuals may experience anxiety and/or depression after diagnosis. There are a number of support groups and other mental healthcare options available. […] The most common cause of death in PAH is right heart ventricular failure. […] The outcome for untreated PAH is poor. […] The Lung Association recommends patients and caregivers join our Living with PAH Support Community on Inspire.com to connect with others facing this disease.

• #14 Treating and Managing Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pulmonary-arterial-hypertension/treating-and-managing

  Your healthcare provider may recommend supportive treatment to manage your PAH. […] One or more of the following medications may be recommended: Blood thinners to prevent blood clots, Digoxin to help your heart beat regularly, Water pills, also called diuretics, to remove extra fluid from your body, Oxygen therapy to make sure you are getting enough oxygen. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation may improve exercise endurance, muscle strength and quality of life. […] Being diagnosed with a chronic illness like PAH is life-changing. You will need to have a close relationship with a PAH expert and would benefit from a strong support system of family and friends. […] Many pulmonary hypertension care centers require visits every few months and regular testing such as echocardiograms and 6-minute walk testing.

• #15

  https://christianacare.org/us/en/care/heart-and-vascular-care/heart-and-vascular-programs/pulmonary-hypertension-program.html

  Taking care of people who have pulmonary arterial hypertension requires special expertise, from coordinating their complex medical needs to finding the best drugs to manage their breathing and heart troubles. […] The program brings together a pulmonologist, a clinical pharmacist, a nurse practitioner, a clinical nurse specialist and a case manager to provide specialized care for adult patients. Working together, the team shapes and continually refines a plan of care suited to each persons needs. […] Our team works closely with the specially-trained staff on the hospitals pulmonary stepdown unit to ensure continuity of care during each patients hospital stay. […] Working together, the team shapes and continually refines a plan of care suited to each persons needs.

• #16 The latest in diagnosis and care for pulmonary arterial hypertension

  https://www.kansashealthsystem.com/news-room/blog/0001/01/pulmonary-arterial-hypertension-care

  Pulmonary arterial hypertension is treatable, but the treatment options are greater in number and less invasive in nature when the disease is identified early. […] Our organization offers the highest levels of care, broadest scope of services and deepest range of experience for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. […] If your patient exhibits any of the above, we would urge you to consider a referral to specialty care. […] We take a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to patient care, addressing patients’ medical, physical, emotional and psychosocial needs. […] Our team is strengthened by excellent pharmacists and nurses experienced in PAH care as well as financial counselors available to assist patients in navigating insurance coverage for PAH medications that are, unfortunately, expensive.

• #17 Pulmonary Hypertension | University of Iowa Health Care

  https://uihc.org/services/pulmonary-hypertension

  We may also prescribe pulmonary rehabilitation or cardiac rehabilitation. These can improve your heart and lung health and help you exercise more safely. […] Our support for you goes beyond medical treatment. We also help with other difficulties that sometimes come with having pulmonary hypertension. […] Because pulmonary hypertension affects your lungs, your heart, and your everyday life, you need a team equipped to help with all of the above. To ensure that we meet all of your needs, our team includes a range of specialists: […] We collaborate with each other, with you, and with your other health care providers. This ensures that you have a single treatment plan informed by multiple kinds of expertise.

• #18 Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases Program | Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine | Department of Internal Medicine

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/internal-medicine/pulmonary/our-services/pulmonary-hypertension

  Our multi-disciplinary team, which includes physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, pharmacists and clinical research coordinators, provide multidisciplinary comprehensive advanced therapy for conditions within the full spectrum of pulmonary vascular disease. […] The program is recognized by the PHA as a destination center for comprehensive care of patients with pulmonary hypertension. […] In addition to access to advanced therapies, patients will have opportunities to participate in a broad range of clinical trials and translational investigation and basic science research.

• #18 Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases Program | Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine | Department of Internal Medicine

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/internal-medicine/pulmonary/our-services/pulmonary-hypertension

  UC Davis Healths Pulmonary Hypertension Program, within the nationally ranked Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, is a leader in the field of Pulmonary Hypertension and member of the Pulmonary Hypertension Association Comprehensive Care Center Network. […] The Program has established distinction and dedication in state-of-the-art care advanced therapies for patients with a diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. […] The program has a multidisciplinary approach with a team of pulmonologists, cardiologists, radiologist, nurse specialists, pharmacists and respiratory therapist all working together to provide the highest level care to patients with pulmonary hypertension. […] Our program emphasis is on a patient centered approach with a primary aim to support and educate patients and their families about their disease.

• #19 Pulmonary Hypertension | UI Health

  https://hospital.uillinois.edu/primary-and-specialty-care/pulmonary/our-areas-of-expertise/pulmonary-hypertension

  Our pulmonary hypertension specialists have expertise in advanced pulmonary hypertension treatments, including: Intravenous epoprostenol (ex: Flolan and Veletri), Subcutaneous and inhaled treprostinil (ex: Remodulin and Tyvaso), Bosentan and ambrisentan (ex: Tracleer and Letairis), Sildenafil and tadalafil (ex: Revatio and Adcirca). […] Pulmonary hypertension patients at UI Health also have the opportunity to participate in clinical trials testing new therapies for the condition. And our team is actively involved in research that seeks to find new ways to diagnose and treat pulmonary hypertension. That means that our patients get the benefit of the latest scientific knowledge about this condition. […] Our pulmonary hypertension specialists also work closely with experts in Rheumatology, Hematology Oncology, Hepatology, Sleep Medicine, and Cardiovascular Imaging. As a result of this collaborative approach, our patients receive the most comprehensive care available for pulmonary hypertension.

• #20 About PH Care Centers – Pulmonary Hypertension Association

  https://phassociation.org/phcarecenters/

  The Pulmonary Hypertension Association’s Scientific Leadership Council, 28 global leaders in the field of pulmonary hypertension, have spearheaded the PHA-Accredited PH Care Centers (PHCC) initiative to establish a program for accreditation of centers with special expertise in pulmonary hypertension (PH), particularly pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), to raise the overall quality of care and outcomes in patients with this life-threatening disease. […] The PHA-Accredited PH Care Centers (PHCC) program is an initiative of PHA’s Scientific Leadership Council to accredit centers in the U.S. in order to raise the level of care for individuals with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Accreditation is based on a center’s overall commitment to PH patients, breadth of involved health care professionals and scope of services provided.

• #20 About PH Care Centers – Pulmonary Hypertension Association

  https://phassociation.org/phcarecenters/

  Patients are better informed about comprehensive PH care. […] Patients have improved access to Centers with expertise in PH. […] Patients experience less time between symptom onset and diagnosis. […] A medical community better informed about standards of PH care. […] Therapies are appropriately used to improve long-term outcomes. […] Increased opportunities for collaboration between Centers for clinical care and PH research. […] Two types of centers are accredited: Centers of Comprehensive Care (CCC) and Regional Clinical Programs (RCP). Both accredited CCCs and RCPs will have demonstrated a commitment to providing expert-level care based on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) consensus guidelines. […] A PHA-Accredited Center of Comprehensive Care is a highly organized, full-time PH Center that proficiently evaluates PH patients based on published evidence-based guidelines and also provides expert treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients with all of the FDA-approved therapies.

• #20 About PH Care Centers – Pulmonary Hypertension Association

  https://phassociation.org/phcarecenters/

  The Pulmonary Hypertension Association has launched a new certificate program for advanced practice providers and allied health professionals. The Pulmonary Hypertension Certificate program is designed to build specialized knowledge in the diagnosis, treatment and management of pulmonary hypertension. […] Enrollment is now live for PHA’s PH Certificate Program for advanced practice providers. Advanced practice providers include nurse practitioners, pharmacists and physician associates and allied health professionals who can prescribe medicine.

• #21 Pulmonary Hypertension | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/pulmonary-hypertension/

  Medications for pulmonary hypertension can include pills taken by mouth, others that are inhaled, and still others given intravenously (IV). […] UT Southwestern Medical Centers Pulmonary Hypertension Program is accredited as a Center of Comprehensive Care through the Pulmonary Hypertension Care Centers (PHCC) program. […] This effort, initiated and managed by the Pulmonary Hypertension Association and its Scientific Leadership Council, seeks to improve the quality of care and the health outcomes of patients with pulmonary hypertension, specifically pulmonary arterial hypertension. […] A PHCC designation means that: Patients receive comprehensive pulmonary hypertension care at centers with expertise in this area. […] Therapies are appropriately used to improve long-term outcomes. […] Increased opportunities are created for collaboration between centers for clinical care and pulmonary hypertension research.

• #22 Pulmonary hypertension – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-hypertension/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350702

  Pulmonary hypertension is hard to diagnose early. […] To diagnose pulmonary hypertension, a healthcare professional examines you and asks about your symptoms. […] Your healthcare team may use a risk calculator that looks at symptoms and test results to understand what type of treatment is needed. This is called pulmonary hypertension risk stratification. […] Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your pulmonary hypertension-related health concerns. […] There’s no cure for pulmonary hypertension. But treatments can improve symptoms and help you live longer. Treatment also can help keep the disease from getting worse. […] If you have pulmonary hypertension, you may get medicines to treat your symptoms and help you feel better. […] If medicines do not help control the symptoms of pulmonary hypertension, surgery may be recommended.

• #22 Pulmonary hypertension – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-hypertension/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350702

  Lifestyle changes may help improve pulmonary hypertension symptoms. […] You may find that talking with other people who have pulmonary hypertension brings you comfort and encouragement. […] If you think that you are at risk of or that you might have pulmonary hypertension, make an appointment for a health checkup. […] It’s never too late to make healthy lifestyle changes. Do not smoke, eat less salt, and choose nutritious foods. These changes may help prevent pulmonary hypertension from getting worse.

• #23

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pulmonary-hypertension/treatment/

  Pulmonary hypertension cannot be cured, but treatments can reduce your symptoms and help you manage your condition. […] If pulmonary hypertension is caused by another condition, such as a heart or lung problem, treatments will focus on the underlying condition. […] There are many treatments for pulmonary hypertension. Which treatment or combination of treatments you’ll be offered will depend on a number of factors, including what type of pulmonary hypertension you have, what’s causing it and the severity of your symptoms. […] Treatments include: anticoagulant medicines such as warfarin to help prevent blood clots, diuretics (water tablets) to remove excess fluid from the body caused by heart failure, home oxygen therapy this involves inhaling air that contains a higher concentration of oxygen than normal, digoxin this can improve your symptoms by strengthening your heart muscle contractions and slowing down your heart rate.

• #23

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pulmonary-hypertension/treatment/

  There are also a number of specialist treatments for pulmonary hypertension that help relax the arteries in the lungs and reduce the blood pressure in the lungs. […] Some people with pulmonary hypertension may need surgery. The types of surgery currently used are: pulmonary endarterectomy an operation to remove old blood clots from the pulmonary arteries in the lungs in people with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, balloon pulmonary angioplasty a new procedure where a tiny balloon is guided into the arteries and inflated for a few seconds to push the blockage aside and restore blood flow to the lung; it may be considered if pulmonary endarterectomy is not suitable, and has been shown to lower blood pressure in the lung arteries, improve breathing, and increase the ability to exercise, atrial septostomy a small hole is made in the wall between the left and right atria of the heart using a cardiac catheter, a thin, flexible tube inserted into the heart’s chambers or blood vessels; it reduces the pressure in the right side of the heart, so the heart can pump more efficiently and the blood flow to the lungs can be improved, transplant in severe cases, a lung transplant or a heart-lung transplant may be needed; this type of surgery is rarely used because effective medicine is available.

• #24 Pulmonary Hypertension

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/pulmonary-hypertension

  Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries in the lungs. […] Properly diagnosing this disease, as well as classifying the exact type of pulmonary hypertension, is critical for the best treatment options. […] While there is no cure for pulmonary hypertension, thanks to advances in the treatment over the past decade, more effective options are available to patients than ever before. […] Due to the complex nature of this disease, every patients treatment protocol must be tailored and carefully monitored on a regular basis. […] Our physicians and staff are skilled in determining which medical therapies will work best for individual patients, and to adjust treatment as needed. […] Our treatments include: High-dose calcium channel blocker therapy: Increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart, while reducing its workload.

• #24 Pulmonary Hypertension

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/pulmonary-hypertension

  Prostacyclin therapy: Given intravenously, subcutaneously or inhaled, prostacyclins help dilate (open) blood vessels in the lungs and improve the function of the heart. […] Oral PAH specific therapy, including endothelin receptor antagonists and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors: A targeted therapy to slow the progression of PH and possibly reverse some of the damage to the heart and lungs. […] Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA): A surgical procedure to remove blood clots from the lungs of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). […] Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA): A procedure in which a deflated balloon is directed to the diseased lung vessels and inflated to break up blood clots and restore blood flow. […] Clinical Trials: Investigational studies providing patients with access to the latest pulmonary hypertension treatment and management therapies.

• #25 Pulmonary hypertension – at home : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000345.htm

  Pulmonary hypertension (PAH) is abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. With PAH, the right side of the heart has to work harder than normal. […] As the illness gets worse, you will need to do more to take care of yourself. You will also need to make changes in your home and get more help around the house. […] Other tips for self-care include: Try to eat 5 to 6 small meals a day. It might be easier to breathe when your stomach is not full. […] Take all the medicines that your provider prescribed for you. […] You should: Get a flu shot every year and other recommended vaccines (like the COVID-19 vaccine). Ask your provider if you should get a pneumonia (pneumococcal) vaccine. […] Make it easier for yourself at home. […] In the hospital, you received oxygen treatment. You may need to use oxygen at home. Do not change how much oxygen is flowing without asking your provider. […] Your hospital provider may ask you to make a follow-up visit with: Your primary care provider, Your lung doctor (pulmonologist) or your heart doctor (cardiologist). […] Call your provider if your breathing is: Getting harder, Faster than before, Shallow, or you cannot get a deep breath.

• #26

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/treatments-and-services/pulmonary-medicine/pulmonary-hypertension

  Oral medications can improve blood flow, lower blood pressure, relax the heart muscles, or improve heart functioning. These include blood thinners, diuretics (get rid of water and salt in the body), calcium channel blockers (prevent calcium from entering the heart and blood vessel walls), and vasodilators (widen blood vessels). […] Pulmonary rehabilitation programs involve support, education, exercise, and nutrition counseling and training to help you live better with COPD. Our programs are personalized to your needs, and focus on keeping you active and enjoying life. […] Advanced diagnostics and care from specialists who know your condition. Pulmonary hypertension can go unnoticed in the early stages, or be confused with other heart or lung conditions. Its good to know we use the most advanced heart and lung tests and technology to diagnose your condition as soon as possible. Early diagnosis means youll begin the right treatment sooner.

• #27 Pulmonary Hypertension | IU Health

  https://iuhealth.org/find-medical-services/pulmonary-hypertension

  Depending on what is causing your pulmonary hypertension, your treatment may include: […] IU Health physicians help you make lifestyle changes that benefit your condition, including a healthy diet and exercise. […] Certain medications lower blood pressure and improve the symptoms of pulmonary hypertension. […] Oxygen therapy may help your body perform better by providing concentrated doses of oxygen. […] During pulmonary rehabilitation, you will learn breathing exercises and techniques that increase lung function. […] This minimally invasive procedure gives a close up look at how well the right side of your heart works, which is most affected by pulmonary hypertension. […] In severe cases of pulmonary hypertension, a heart-lung transplant may be necessary. IU Health is the only healthcare system in Indiana to perform heart-lung transplants. […] IU Health pulmonologists conduct research and clinical trials that give you access to the latest treatments.

• #28

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abr4532

  Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the arteries of your lungs. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if you are having problems. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. […] Be as active as you can. Talk to your doctor about making a plan before you start a new activity. […] Talk to your doctor about preventing pregnancy. Pregnancy and childbirth can cause changes in the body that could be life-threatening for people who have this condition. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if you have new or changed symptoms of heart failure, such as: New or increased shortness of breath. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you have new or worse symptoms.

• #29 Who Treats Pulmonary Hypertension? 6 Types of Medical Specialists for PAH | myPHteam

  https://www.myphteam.com/resources/building-your-pulmonary-arterial-hypertension-care-team

  Palliative care focuses on relieving the symptoms caused by chronic illnesses like PAH. The goal of palliative care is to improve quality of life, as opposed to treatments intended to cure a condition. […] Palliative treatments can be most helpful when they’re started early in the course of PAH to manage pain, nausea, and shortness of breath. […] Occupational therapists help people modify their habits and environments so they can be as independent as possible. For people with PAH, everyday activities can feel difficult and lead to fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, or dizziness. […] Physical therapists have expertise in physical activity. They often help people with health conditions or injuries perform exercises to improve their physical functioning. […] People with PAH tend to have a higher incidence of some nutrient deficiencies, including a lack of vitamin D, vitamin C, and iron. Salt and sodium consumption can also worsen hypertension, so people with PAH must carefully manage their diet.

• #29 Who Treats Pulmonary Hypertension? 6 Types of Medical Specialists for PAH | myPHteam

  https://www.myphteam.com/resources/building-your-pulmonary-arterial-hypertension-care-team

  People with PAH have a high risk of maternal mortality (death related to pregnancy). People with more severe PAH have a higher risk of death during pregnancy than those with a milder form of the disease. […] Effectively managing PAH and achieving your goals requires you to be engaged and active in your care. People who are active in their care: Learn more about their health condition, develop better communication skills to talk with their doctors, improve their self-care, stay involved in decisions about their PAH treatment. […] Building your PAH care team may feel overwhelming, but reading this article means you’re already taking steps to learn about PAH. Your primary care provider can give you referrals to specialists for any specific issues you have. You can also find pulmonary hypertension care centers with multidisciplinary teams that specialize in treating PAH.

• #30 Pulmonary hypertension Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-hypertension

  Your provider will decide which medicine is best for you. You will be closely monitored during treatment to watch for side effects and to see how well you are responding to the medicine. Do not stop taking your medicines without talking to your provider. […] Other important tips to follow: Avoid pregnancy. Avoid heavy physical activities and lifting. Avoid traveling to high altitudes. Get a yearly flu vaccine, as well as other vaccines such as the pneumococcal (pneumonia vaccine), and the COVID-19 vaccine. Stop smoking.

• #31 Pulmonary Hypertension: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0915/p463.html

  The focus for these patients is optimizing the underlying heart disease and controlling comorbidities. […] Patients with pulmonary hypertension should have seasonal influenza vaccination. […] The perioperative assessment should include an assessment of functional status, care goals, and alternatives to surgery. […] There is an elevated risk of pregnancy complications in women with pulmonary hypertension and particularly pulmonary arterial hypertension. Current guidelines discourage pregnancy and recommend contraception counseling with emphasis on prescribing a long-acting, highly effective method of contraception. […] Patients may benefit from resources available through the Pulmonary Hypertension Association.

• #32 Pulmonary Hypertension – High Blood Pressure in the Heart-to-Lung System | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/the-facts-about-high-blood-pressure/pulmonary-hypertension-high-blood-pressure-in-the-heart-to-lung-system

  Pulmonary hypertension affects blood vessels in the lungs. […] Pulmonary hypertension can damage the heart and lead to heart failure. […] Your health care professional will recommend the best management plan for you. You can live an active, fulfilling life by working with your health care professional to manage your symptoms. […] Talk to your health care professional before taking over-the-counter (OTC) medicine. Some OTC medicine can worsen symptoms of PHT or affect how prescriptions work. […] Get support to help you manage the anxiety and stress of living with PH. Ask your health care professional for a referral to a counselor. Look for a support group for people living with PH.

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