Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Current Perspective on Retinal Migraine

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8396291/

  Retinal migraine is a rare condition and its true incidence is difficult to ascertain due to a number of factors. […] The paucity of existing literature and lack of consensus regarding the definition and inclusion criteria of retinal migraine patients makes our understanding of epidemiology and risk factors of this condition challenging. […] In this narrative review, we have summarized the literature on retinal migraine as defined by the latest ICHD, to include epidemiology and risk factors, proposed aetiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies.

• #2 Current Perspective on Retinal Migraine

  https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5150/5/3/38

  Retinal migraine is a rare condition and its true incidence is difficult to ascertain due to a number of factors. […] The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the literature on retinal migraine, including: epidemiology and risk factors; proposed aetiology; clinical presentation; and management strategies. […] The paucity of existing literature and lack of consensus regarding the definition and inclusion criteria of retinal migraine patients makes our understanding of epidemiology and risk factors of this condition challenging.

• #3 Ocular Migraine: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24961-ocular-migraine

  Ocular migraine (also known as retinal migraine) is a condition that involves attacks of visual issues that affect one eye and migraine headaches. […] Ocular migraines are rare, but researchers dont know how rare they are due to a lack of reporting. […] Researchers believe theres also a genetic component to ocular migraines, as 50% of people who experience them have a family history of migraine headaches. […] Ocular migraines have similar triggers as migraine with aura. Common triggers include: Stress, Smoking, High blood pressure (hypertension), Hormonal contraceptive pills, Exercise, Bending over, High altitude, Dehydration, Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), Excessive heat (hyperthermia), Alcohol and caffeine. […] The prognosis (outlook) for ocular migraine is usually good. Although the attacks can be painful and disturb your vision, healthcare provider generally consider ocular migraine to be benign.

• #4 Retinal migraine | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine is thought to be a rare disorder, but its true prevalence and incidence are unknown. […] Using strict International Headache Society, 3rd edition, criteria, Maher and colleagues identified only 12 cases of retinal migraine in a literature review between 2006 and 2020. […] More than half of the patients experienced only transient monocular visual loss, whereas the remainder later developed permanent monocular visual loss in association with otherwise typical attacks of migraine. […] Thirty percent of patients had a documented family history of migraine.

• #5 Retinal Migraine: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/migraine/retinal-migraines

  A retinal migraine is a type of migraine with aura that is rare and includes repeated bouts of short-lasting, diminished vision or blindness in one eye. […] Retinal migraine is considered relatively rare. Its more common for a different type of migraine to affect vision in both eyes, not just one. […] Older research from 2005 puts the frequency at about 1 in 200 people. […] Both children and adults of any age can experience retinal migraine. These tend to be more common in the following groups: people under 40 years old, women, people with a family history of retinal migraine or headaches, people with a personal history of migraine or headaches. […] People with certain illnesses that impact the blood vessels and eyes may also be at risk.

• #6 Ocular Migraine (Retinal Migraine) vs. Migraine Aura

  https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/ocular-migraine/overview-of-retinal-migraine/

  Ocular migraines are rare and often confused with visual migraines. […] Ocular migraine is another name for a retinal migraine. It’s a rare condition that can cause temporary blind spots, vision loss and flashes of light in one eye. These symptoms usually last one hour or less. […] Retinal migraines are rare, but researchers don’t know exactly how rare. Some information suggests only one in every 200 migraine patients gets retinal migraines. […] Doctors can’t diagnose retinal migraines the same way they diagnose other problems. Instead, they diagnose them by ruling out other conditions that cause the same symptoms. […] Retinal migraines, migraine auras and migraine headaches can be triggered by many of the same things. […] Some things can put you at a higher risk of getting ocular migraines: Being related to people who get migraines, being female, being 30-39 years of age. […] Retinal migraines are also more common in female young adults who also suffer from migraines with aura.

• #7 Retinal Migraine Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507725/

  A retinal migraine is a rare disorder, but the prevalence is not known. […] Data specific to retinal migraines do not exist, but migraines, in general, have a prevalence of 18.2% in females and 6.5% in male patients, with a higher prevalence in whites followed by blacks followed by Asians. […] Based on a study by Pradhan et al., it was found that 50% of retinal migraine patients said the vision loss was complete in one eye, up to 20% said it was just blurring, 12% reported an incomplete loss, 7% dimming, and 13% scotoma. […] More than 75% of patients had a headache on the same side as the vision disturbance within an hour. […] Twenty-nine percent of retinal migraine patients have a history of migraine headache, and 50% have a family history of migraine headache.

• #8 Retinal Migraine Headache | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/28450

  A retinal migraine is a rare disorder, but the prevalence is not known. […] Data specific to retinal migraines do not exist, but migraines, in general, have a prevalence of 18.2% in females and 6.5% in male patients, with a higher prevalence in whites followed by blacks followed by Asians. […] Retinal migraine can start as early as 7 years of age, but most cases start in the second decade and peak in the fourth decade of life. […] Based on a study by Pradhan et al., it was found that 50% of retinal migraine patients said the vision loss was complete in one eye, up to 20% said it was just blurring, 12% reported an incomplete loss, 7% dimming, and 13% scotoma. […] More than 75% of patients had a headache on the same side as the vision disturbance within an hour. […] Twenty-nine percent of retinal migraine patients have a history of migraine headache, and 50% have a family history of migraine headache.

• #9 CRSToday | The Clinical Features of Migraine With and Without Aura

  https://crstoday.com/articles/2014-mar/the-clinical-features-of-migraine-with-and-without-aura

  Migraine is one of the disorders most commonly seen by neurologists and ophthalmologists. Only about 56% of migraineurs know that they have the condition, however, because they often misdiagnose their headaches as ocular strain, sinus headaches, or stress headaches. […] In a given year, migraine has a prevalence of 12% (17.1% in women and 5.6% in men). Annually, some 35 million people suffer migraine in the United States. […] Chronic migraine with attacks occurring on 15 or more days per month for at least 3 months affects about 3.2 million people per year in the United States, 80% of whom are women. […] Retinal migraine is rare. The mean age at onset is 25 years. Patients present with fully reversible, monocular, positive and/or negative visual phenomena lasting less than 2 hours. […] Almost 50% of those affected have a history of migraine with visual aura. Some patients who report monocular visual disturbance have hemianopsia of which they are not aware, because they do not perform a cover/uncover test. Diagnosis is one of exclusion of other causes of transient monocular blindness. Retinal migraine can lead to permanent monocular visual loss.

• #10

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/retinalmigraine/

  Retinal migraine is a separate condition and shouldn’t be confused with headache-type migraine or migraine with aura, which usually affects the vision of both eyes. […] Retinal migraine tends to be more common in: women, people aged under 40, people with a personal or family history of migraines or other headaches, people with an underlying disease such as lupus, hardening of the arteries, sickle cell disease, epilepsy, antiphospholipid syndrome, and giant cell arteritis. […] However, there’s still a lack of research about the best way to treat or prevent a retinal migraine.

• #11 October Newsletter: What Are Ocular Migraines and How Can They Be Prevented? | Optometrist in Reading, PA | Lisa M. McDevitt, O.D.

  https://drmcdevitteyecare.com/articles/default/932110-october-newsletter-what-are-ocular-migraines-and-how-can-they-be-prevented

  Ocular migraines, also called retinal migraines, cause temporary vision loss and changes in your vision. […] You’re more likely to develop ocular migraines if you have a family history of migraine, are female, or are between the ages of 30 and 39, according to the American Optometric Association. […] If you have been diagnosed with ocular migraines, the changes to your vision should improve soon. Your doctor may prescribe medications that prevent migraines, which can reduce the number of retinal migraines you experience. […] Although both types of migraine cause vision disturbances, migraines with auras start in the brain and usually affect both eyes. In contrast, retinal migraines start in your eye and only affect one eye.

• #12 Migraine Variants: Overview, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142731-overview

  Migraine affects nearly 13% of the adult US population, with a postpubertal female-to-male ratio of 4:1. The frequency of the less common migraine variants varies with the migraine type and patient age. The prevalence of hemiplegic migraine is 0.03%; both familial and sporadic forms are equally frequent. The prevalence of the distinct alternating hemiplegic migraine of infancy is unknown. Similarly, the prevalences of ophthalmoplegic, retinal, and confusional migraine are unknown. […] Specific migraine variants are observed at different frequencies in different age groups, as follows: Basilar and retinal migraines are more frequent in adolescents and young adults. […] Retinal migraine (also called ophthalmic or ocular migraine) is a fairly common cause of transient monocular blindness in young adults. This disorder is manifested by recurrent attacks of unilateral visual disturbance or blindness lasting from minutes to 1 hour, associated with minimal or no headache.

• #13 The Clinical Features of Migraine With and Without Aura

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2014-apr/the-clinical-features-of-migraine-with-and-without-aura

  In the United States, the one year period prevalence of migraine with aura is 5.3 percent in females (30.8 percent of female migraineurs) and 1.9 percent in males (32 percent of male migraineurs). Up to 81 percent of those with migraine with aura also have attacks of migraine without aura. The reported age of onset ranges from a mean of 11.9 years (range 4-17) to a mean of 21 years old (range 5-77). In one study, 54.9 percent of patients suffered from less than one attack per month and 9.7 percent from more than three attacks per month. In another study, the mean of migraine with aura episodes/year/patient was reported to be 29 (ranging from less than one to 156). […] Retinal migraine is rare with a mean age at onset of 25 years presenting with fully reversible monocular positive and/or negative visual phenomena lasting less than one hour. Typically, patients report flashing rays of light and zigzag lightning and less often, bright colored streaks, halos, or diagonal lines. Negative phenomena may be blurring, gray-outs, and black-outs causing partial or complete blindness. Elementary forms of scotoma are perceived as blank areas, black dots, or spots in the field of vision. Visual field defects can be altitudinal, quadrantic, central, or arcuate. The headache is usually ipsilateral to the visual loss. Almost 50 percent have a history of migraine with visual aura. Some patients who report monocular visual disturbance have hemianopsia which they are not aware of since they do not do a cover/uncover test. This is a diagnosis of exclusion of other causes of transient monocular blindness. Retinal migraine can lead to permanent monocular visual loss.

• #14 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine is a rare type of migraine that causes visual disturbances in only one eye before the headache comes on. […] We dont know how many people are affected by retinal migraine, but experts think that not everyone who has it reports it. […] If you have certain medical conditions, you may be more likely to have retinal migraine. Those include lupus, atherosclerosis, and sickle cell disease. […] A 2004 study found that about half of its subjects with retinal migraine had a total loss of vision in one eye, and 20% said their vision was blurry, but not gone. […] If you see symptoms in both eyes, you dont have retinal migraine. Its important to make sure of this so you can move forward with the right treatment. […] There isnt a test that can diagnose retinal migraine. Your doctor will look at your medical history and also your family medical history, as half of those with this condition have a family history of migraines.

• #15 What To Know About Retinal Migraine | MyMigraineTeam

  https://www.mymigraineteam.com/resources/what-to-know-about-retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine, also called ocular migraine, is a rarer type of migraine. […] About 1 in 5 people with migraine also have auras. […] Like other subtypes of migraine, retinal migraine is caused by a mix of genetic and environmental factors. A family history of migraine can increase your risk of developing migraine in general, including ocular migraine. This type of migraine typically occurs between the ages of 30 and 39 and is more common in women than in men. […] It is currently not clear whether people with ocular migraine and vasospasm are more likely to develop permanent vision loss in the future, due to repeated oxygen loss to the retina that may cause retinal cells to die. This is still a subject of ongoing research. […] There is no single test for diagnosing retinal migraine. Instead, a diagnosis may require seeing a range of specialists including neurologists (doctors who specialize in brain disorders) and ophthalmologists (doctors who specialize in eye disorders).

• #16 Retinal Migraine Headache – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/migraine-headaches/retinal-migraine-headache/

  A retinal migraine is a type of migraine that’s quite rare and not as well-studied as other types. […] We don’t fully know how many people have this condition, but migraines in general affect around 18.2% of women and 6.5% of men. […] According to research by Pradhan and others, half of retinal migraine sufferers reported total vision loss in one eye. […] Certain medications, like triptans, ergots, and beta-blockers, can worsen these complications and should be avoided in patients with migraines that have temporary vision loss. […] It’s very important to let patients know about the warning signs of losing their vision. […] Taking steps to prevent these attacks, such as daily treatment, can help lower the number of attacks and reduce their severity.

• #17 Migraine Visual Aura & Other Visual Phenomena

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2022-may/migraine-visual-aura-other-visual-phenomena

  The presentation of monocular scotoma, transient monocular total vision loss, or field defects followed by a migraine headache, describes a very rare reversible visual phenomena known as retinal migraine. To meet diagnostic guidelines, attacks must fulfill criteria for migraine with aura and the visual symptoms should be gradual, last 60 minutes or less, and be associated with headache at onset or within 1 hour. […] Importantly, there is clinical overlap of the presenting symptoms of retinal migraine and amaurosis fugax, which is a broad term describing vascular causes of transient monocular vision loss (eg, giant cell arteritis, retinal vasospasm, or retinal embolism).9 Because retinal migraine is a very rare cause of transient monocular visual impairment, further investigation and examination should be conducted, in patients without prior history of the condition, to rule out alternative causes, such as amaurosis fugax.

• #18 Retinal migraine: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314917

  Specific data on the prevalence of retinal migraine does not exist, but experts consider it a rare version of migraine. […] The 2021 article states that permanent vision loss can be a complication of retinal migraine. However, this is rare. […] A retinal migraine is a benign condition, and symptoms typically last less than 60 minutes. […] Although vision loss is a potential complication, it is rare. Anyone who has vision loss with migraine should seek medical help to check that there is not a more severe underlying problem.

• #19 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/retinal-migraine

  Other conditions may cause temporary vision loss, such as amaurosis fugax, or transient vision loss (TVL). […] If you have vision loss, talk to your physician or eye doctor right away. […] Usually, loss of vision in just one eye isnt related to migraine. […] If you are diagnosed with retinal migraine, ask your doctor about the right treatment for you. […] Doctors dont usually use traditional migraine treatments such as triptans and ergotamines for people with retinal migraine. […] If you have retinal migraines, you may want to try to stay away from certain triggers, such as emotional stress, high blood pressure, contraceptive pills, smoking, dehydration, being at higher altitudes, low blood sugar, and hyperthermia.

• #20

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11916-005-0035-2

  Retinal migraine is a primary headache disorder, clinically manifested by attacks of transient monocular visual loss associated with migraine headache. […] Although isolated reports suggest that retinal migraine is rare, it likely is under-recognized. […] Retinal migraine usually is reported in women of childbearing age who have a history of migraine with aura. […] More than half of reported cases with recurrent transient monocular visual loss subsequently experienced permanent monocular visual loss. […] Although the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria for retinal migraine require reversible visual loss, our findings suggest that irreversible visual loss is part of the retinal migraine spectrum, likely representing an ocular form of migrainous infarction.

• #21 Increased risks of retinal vascular occlusion in patients with migraine and the protective effects of migraine treatment: a population-based retrospective cohort study | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-66363-9

  Associations between migraine and retinal vascular occlusion have been reported, but there is no large-scale and comprehensive study. Therefore, we aimed to determine risks of retinal vascular occlusion in patients with migraine. […] The cumulative incidences of subsequent retinal vascular occlusion, RAO, and RVO were significantly higher in migraine patients compared with controls (0.31% vs. 0.21%; 0.09% vs. 0.05%; 0.22% vs. 0.17%; all p0.001). […] Migraine, MA and MO are independently associated with higher risks of retinal vascular occlusion, RAO, and RVO. […] We hypothesized that patients with migraine may have a higher risk of incident retinal vascular occlusion, RAO, and RVO. […] We found that migraine is associated with higher risks of retinal vascular occlusion, including RAO and RVO, as well as their subtypes.

• #22 Retinal migraine | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/retinal-migraine

  Your doctor may sometimes prescribe preventative medication to try and reduce how often you get a migraine. Your doctor will discuss the best way to treat your symptoms with you. […] Treatment for retinal migraine usually just involves taking pain relief for any headaches and reducing exposure to anything that might be triggering the retinal migraine. […] There’s a small risk that the reduced blood flow may damage the thin layer at the back of the eye (the retina) and the blood vessels of the eye. […] Permanent vision loss is rare.

• #23 Retinal migraine | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine tends to be more common in: […] Retinal migraine is caused by the blood vessels to the eye suddenly narrowing (constricting), reducing the blood flow to the eye. […] Diagnosing retinal migraine […] If you manage to see a GP or optometrist during an attack, they may be able to see the decreased blood flow to your eye using an instrument called an ophthalmoscope. […] Retinal migraine is a separate condition. It shouldn’t be confused with headache-type migraine or migraine with aura, which usually affects the vision of both eyes. […] There are other more serious causes of sight loss that doctors will want to rule out. […] It’s important to see an optometrist or doctor urgently if your eyesight suddenly gets worse, particularly if it occurs for the first time. […] Afterward, the blood vessels relax, blood flow resumes and sight returns. Usually, there are no abnormalities within the eye and permanent damage to the eye is rare.

• #24 Investigation of the correlation between diabetic retinopathy and prevalent and incident migraine in a national cohort study | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-16793-0

  Migraine is a disease characterized by cerebral vasodilation. […] Therefore, we aimed to examine diabetic retinopathy as a marker of prevalent and 5-year incident migraine. […] In a national study of more than 1.2 million people, patients screened for DR had a lower risk of present migraine, but DR was not a protective marker of incident migraine. […] We also found a lower incidence of migraine among patients with diabetes, but this did not depend upon the presence of DR, suggesting that diabetes may act as a protecting marker of migraine. […] Conclusively, in a national study of more than 1.2 million people, patients screened for DR had a lower risk of present migraine. However, we could not demonstrate that the presence and degree of DR was a biomarker of protection of incident migraine.

• #25 When To Worry About Retinal Migraine: Duration, Symptoms

  https://www.medicinenet.com/when_should_i_be_worried_about_a_retinal_migraine/article.htm

  Retinal migraine is usually not a medical emergency. In most people, the condition is harmless, and vision returns to normal after some time. […] There is still uncertainty about how often retinal migraine can cause permanent loss of eyesight, and currently, no studies can predict who will get affected and how. […] To diagnose if you have retinal migraine, visual symptoms should only be present when looking through one eye. In migraines with aura, they are present in both eyes. […] There are no diagnostic tests to confirm retinal migraine. Your doctor will diagnose the condition by ruling out other causes or conditions that cause similar symptoms. […] The is no fixed treatment protocol for retinal migraine. For attacks that do not come often, your doctor may treat your retinal migraine as they treat other types of migraine.

• #26 Chapter 1, Episode 6: What is Ocular Migraine? – Association of Migraine Disorders

  https://www.migrainedisorders.org/video/ocular-migraine/

  Ocular migraine is a rare condition also known as “retinal migraine” or retinal vasospasm. […] While visual aura of migraine comes from changes in the brain, ocular migraine is thought to be caused by blood vessels in the retina constricting or going into spasm. […] A diagnostic test does not exist for ocular migraine. It is usually diagnosed by clinical presentation and ruling out more serious conditions such as stroke, bleeding in the brain, or clots that may arise from the heart or neck. […] Factors that may trigger ocular migraine include: dehydration, stress, lack of sleep, and caffeine. Therefore, lifestyle interventions can often be effective in reducing the return of symptoms. If symptoms of ocular migraine occur frequently, then preventive medications can be utilized. […] Recommended preventive medications for ocular migraine are blood pressure medications such as calcium channel blockers or beta blockers. Both of these medications decrease spasm of the blood vessels. […] People who experience regular ocular migraine attacks should seek out a neuro-ophthalmologist, a physician who specializes in both neurology and the eye.

• #27 Ocular migraine: When to seek help

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/ocular-migraine/faq-20058113

  The term „ocular migraine” can be confusing. […] Sometimes people use the term „ocular migraine” to refer to a retinal migraine. This type of migraine is very rare and causes visual changes in one eye. […] A retinal migraine is a rare condition that usually affects people who also have other symptoms of migraine. Retinal migraine involves repeated bouts of short-lasting partial vision loss, such as blind spots. […] A retinal migraine unlike a migraine with aura affects only one eye, not both. […] See a healthcare professional right away if you have visual symptoms that haven’t been looked at before, such as: Visual changes in only one eye. […] These symptoms may suggest a more serious cause of your visual symptoms and need medical attention.

• #28 Migraine Variants: Overview, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142731-overview

  Retinal migraine is thought to result from transient vasospasm of the choroidal or retinal arteries. A history of recurrent attacks of transient monocular visual disturbance or blindness, with or without a headache and without other neurologic symptoms, is suggestive of retinal migraine. A personal or family history of migraine confirms the diagnosis. […] Ruling out eye disease or vascular causes, especially when risk factors for arteriosclerosis exist, is important.

• #29 Managing Migraine Headache

  https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/article/managing-migraine-headache

  Retinal migraine, a form of migraine with aura, is a rare cause of transient monocular visual loss. It is characterized by repeated attacks of unilateral visual disturbances, including scintillations, scotomata or blindness, all associated with the headache. Researchers have noted cases of permanent monocular visual loss associated with retinal migraine.4 Appropriate investigations are required to exclude other causes of transient monocular blindness (Table 2). […] The term ophthalmoplegic migraine is a misnomer in that it is likely not a variant of migraine but rather a recurrent cranial neuralgia. A more appropriate name might be ophthalmoplegic cranial neuropathy or ophthalmoplegia with migraine-like headache.5,6

• #30 Retinal migraine

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/retinal-migraine/

  Retinal migraines are less common than other types of migraine. […] Treatment for retinal migraines is not usually needed if you do not have them very often. […] If you have them frequently, a GP may suggest: […] Retinal migraines are thought to happen when the blood vessels in your eye suddenly narrow, restricting the blood flow. […] Keeping a record of when you get migraines in a diary can help you work out what might be causing them.

• #31 What Is a Retinal Migraine? Common Triggers & Symptoms – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/what-is-a-retinal-migraine-common-triggers-symptoms

  Retinal migraine is a rare form of migraine that causes visual symptoms in one eye. […] Retinal migraine is a rare condition affecting the eye. […] Although the episodes of retinal migraine are usually short-lived, the symptoms can be frightening and trigger fear and anxiety. […] A retinal migraine attack is most commonly found in people below 40 years of age, women, and patients with a personal or family history of migraine and headaches. […] Retinal migraines can increase the risk of conditions associated with reduced blood flow to the tissues of the eyes, causing visual disturbances. […] Regular follow-up appointments with your eye specialist can ensure the damage to the retina and blood vessels is detected at an early stage, allowing you to receive timely medical interventions. […] Most patients experience an episode of retinal migraine with aura once every few months, although the frequency varies widely among different patients.

• #32 What is an Ocular Migraine? | Headache TMJ – Los Angeles Pain Clinic

  https://www.headachetmj.com/blog/migraine/what-is-an-ocular-migraine/

  An ocular migraine, also referred to as a retinal migraine, represents a distinct neurological condition characterized by visual disturbances affecting a single eye combined with migraine headaches. […] The prevalence of ocular migraines presents an intriguing epidemiological challenge within the broader landscape of migraine disorders. […] Despite being classified as a rare condition within the migraine spectrum, the true frequency of ocular migraines among migraine sufferers has yet to be definitively quantified, as not all individuals experiencing traditional migraines necessarily develop the ocular variant. […] The potential risk of permanent vision loss, though rare, highlights the importance of medical consultation and monitoring, even in cases where symptoms appear to resolve spontaneously. […] The presence of these serious potential complications emphasizes the importance of regular medical monitoring and immediate attention to any changes in ocular migraine patterns or severity.

• #33 What to Know About Ocular Migraine

  https://visionsource.com/blog/what-to-know-about-ocular-migraine/

  Approximately 20% of individuals who suffer from migraine headaches experience ocular migraines as a precursor. […] The terms may sound alike, but retinal migraines and ocular migraines are distinctly different conditions. […] Retinal migraines might occur infrequently, perhaps only once every few months, but it is essential to report them to your doctor.

• #34 What To Know About Retinal Migraine | MyMigraineTeam

  https://www.mymigraineteam.com/resources/what-to-know-about-retinal-migraine

  To rule out these causes, your doctor may do other scans and tests. […] Many of the treatments for ocular migraine are similar to general migraine treatments. […] Aspirin is widely recommended for retinal migraine attacks because it is known to be beneficial for people with vascular diseases in general. […] Preventative medications for retinal migraine may include: Anti-seizure (antiepileptic) drugs such as topiramate (Topamax).

• #35 What Is an Ocular Migraine?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/retinal-migraine-3862386

  A retinal migraine affects only one eye and can occur before or during a headache. The symptoms, which can be more serious than those for a migraine with aura, may include temporary blindness or decreased vision. […] If you experience a retinal migraine, its important to see an eye doctor, because, though rare, a retinal migraine can lead to permanent vision loss. […] Some experts think retinal migraines may be due to blood vessel spasms or changes in the nerve cells in the retina. […] If you have retinal migraines, avoid using triptans or ergots, as they can increase the risk of complications. Also, people with retinal migraine should stop hormonal birth control and stop smoking.

• #36 Increased risks of retinal vascular occlusion in patients with migraine and the protective effects of migraine treatment: a population-based retrospective cohort study | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-66363-9

  Our study is the first large-scale analysis on NSAIDs, propranolol, and flunarizine in migraine patients, and we revealed their protective effects on risks of retinal vascular occlusion. […] The risks of retinal vascular occlusion were significantly higher in patients with MA and MO, and MA carried a significantly higher risk of RAO compared with MO. […] Among patients with migraine, NSAIDs, propranolol, and flunarizine may have a protective effect on risks of retinal vascular occlusion.

• #37 Retinal Migraine vs. Ocular Migraine: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/migraine/retinal-migraine-vs-ocular-migraine

  Retinal migraine is a rare type of migraine associated with headaches and short-term vision loss in one eye. There have been descriptions of it in medical literature since the late 1800s. But it wasn’t until 1970 that Dr. Desmond Carrol coined the term. […] The International Headache Society (IHS) defines a retinal migraine as a migraine associated with headaches that cause repeated temporary visual changes in one eye such as: flashes or sparkles of light (scintillations), partial vision loss or blind spots (scotomata), blindness. […] Vision loss usually lasts 10 to 20 minutes before it gradually returns. In most cases, the same eye is affected during each episode. […] While the exact cause is still unknown, experts now think that retinal migraine episodes result from a wave of nerve cell deactivation that spreads across your retina.

• #38 Why Am I Getting Ocular Migraines? – DMEI | Dean McGee Eye Institute

  https://dmei.org/blog/why-am-i-getting-ocular-migraines/

  By comparison, a retinal migraine is a rare type of migraine that causes visual disturbances in one eye. Symptoms can include seeing twinkling lights (scintillations), areas of decreased vision (scotoma), or temporary blindness. These symptoms can progress from slight to severe over the course of the migraine. Retinal migraines can precede or accompany a headache and symptoms typically last less than an hour […] Retinal migraines are believed to be caused by the narrowing of blood flow to the eye. The constriction of blood reduces the amount of oxygen delivered to the eye. Once the blood vessels relax, visual symptoms improve.

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