Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/live-copy/resource-library/retinal-migraine/

  Retinal migraine is a rare type of migraine that can cause visual symptoms in one eye. Most attacks are short-lived. Learn more about the symptoms, causes and treatment options for this disease. […] At this time, there isn’t a test for retinal migraine. Therefore, diagnosis consists of your doctor ruling out other possible primary headache disorders and causes for the visual disturbance, including eye diseases. During the assessment, your doctor will review symptoms and personal and family medical history. They’ll assess for other potential medical issues, for example, a stroke that affects blood flow to one eye if you have temporary blindness. […] Age is also a factor in the diagnosis of retinal migraine. “If an attack of a visual disturbance lasting less than an hour is experienced under the age of 50, by somebody who has no risk factors for other vascular disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, family history of stroke, heart disease,…then chances are overwhelming that it’s going to be retinal migraine,” Dr. Friedman says. […] Visit the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition website for more information on the diagnosis of retinal migraine.

• #2 1.2.4 Retinal migraine – ICHD-3

  https://ichd-3.org/1-migraine/1-2-migraine-with-aura/1-2-4-retinal-migraine/

  Repeated attacks of monocular visual disturbance, including scintillations, scotomata or blindness, associated with migraine headache. […] Diagnostic criteria: Attacks fulfilling criteria for 1.2 Migraine with aura and criterion B below. […] Aura characterized by both of the following: fully reversible, monocular, positive and/or negative visual phenomena (eg, scintillations, scotomata or blindness) confirmed during an attack by either or both of the following: clinical visual field examination, the patient’s drawing of a monocular field defect (made after clear instruction). […] Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis, and other causes of amaurosis fugax have been excluded. […] Some patients who complain of monocular visual disturbance in fact have hemianopia. Some cases without headache have been reported, but migraine as the underlying aetiology cannot be ascertained. […] Retinal migraine is an extremely rare cause of transient monocular visual loss. Cases of permanent monocular visual loss associated with migraine have been described. Appropriate investigations are required to exclude other causes of transient monocular blindness.

• #3 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine is a rare type of migraine that causes visual disturbances in only one eye before the headache comes on. […] There isn’t a test that can diagnose retinal migraine. Your doctor will look at your medical history and also your family medical history, as half of those with this condition have a family history of migraines. Your doctor also will give you a physical exam, ask about your symptoms, and try to rule out other causes for them. […] If you have vision loss, talk to your physician or eye doctor right away. Usually, loss of vision in just one eye isn’t related to migraine. It may be a symptom of a more serious issue, such as a stroke about to happen. If you don’t treat it, temporary vision loss due to retinal migraine could become permanent.

• #4 Ocular Migraines: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/ocular-migraine-basics

  Ocular Migraine Diagnosis […] There’s no test that can diagnose ocular migraine. Your doctor will need to rule out other primary headache disorders and conditions that may cause visual symptoms. They may refer you to an ophthalmologist to screen you for eye conditions before they diagnose you. […] […] Ocular migraine and retinal migraine are used interchangeably. The older term is „ocular migraine,” and doctors used it to refer to any migraine that had visual symptoms. They would call a migraine with a visual aura and a retinal migraine an ocular migraine. […] […] The newer term is „retinal migraine,” and doctors may prefer this term because it specifically refers to the type of migraine where visual symptoms occur in one eye.

• #5 1.2.4 Retinal migraine – ICHD-3

  https://ichd-3.org/1-migraine/1-2-migraine-with-aura/1-2-4-retinal-migraine/

  Repeated attacks of monocular visual disturbance, including scintillations, scotomata or blindness, associated with migraine headache. […] Diagnostic criteria: Attacks fulfilling criteria for 1.2 Migraine with aura and criterion B below. […] Aura characterized by both of the following: fully reversible, monocular, positive and/or negative visual phenomena (eg, scintillations, scotomata or blindness) confirmed during an attack by either or both of the following: clinical visual field examination, the patient’s drawing of a monocular field defect (made after clear instruction). […] Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis, and other causes of amaurosis fugax have been excluded. […] Some patients who complain of monocular visual disturbance in fact have hemianopia. Some cases without headache have been reported, but migraine as the underlying aetiology cannot be ascertained. […] Retinal migraine is an extremely rare cause of transient monocular visual loss. Cases of permanent monocular visual loss associated with migraine have been described. Appropriate investigations are required to exclude other causes of transient monocular blindness.

• #6 Retinal Migraine Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507725/

  Ocular or retinal migraines are generally defined as a transient monocular scotoma or loss of vision that is accompanied or followed by a headache within 60 minutes of visual symptoms onset. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of retinal migraines and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for affected patients. […] Explain how to properly evaluate for retinal migraines. […] The attacks must fulfill the criteria for migraine with aura. The aura must be fully reversible and monocular, that is, positive or negative phenomena confirmed during an attack by visual field examination or patients drawing of a field defect and at least 2 of the following […] The diagnosis of retinal migraine is one of exclusion and all other causes of vision loss should initially be considered. All members of the healthcare team should be vigilant and refer the patient for immediate and emergent assessment for stroke or other thromboembolic causes for their symptoms if the patient presents with visual loss or changes.

• #7 Retinal migraine – diagnostic criteria – GPnotebook

  https://gpnotebook.com/en-GB/pages/neurology/retinal-migraine-diagnostic-criteria

  Retinal migraine is an extremely rare cause of transient monocular visual loss. […] Appropriate investigations are required to exclude other causes of transient monocular blindness. […] Diagnostic criteria: A. Attacks fulfilling criteria for Migraine with aura and criterion B below. […] C. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis, and other causes of amaurosis fugax have been excluded.

• #8 Retinal migraine | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine is usually characterized by attacks of fully reversible monocular visual loss associated with migraine headache. […] The current diagnostic criteria for retinal migraine require fully reversible visual loss. […] Criteria for the diagnosis of retinal migraine were revised in the 2013 ICHD-3 beta edition to include: (A) at least two attacks fulfilling criteria B and C; (B) aura consisting of fully reversible monocular positive and/or negative visual phenomena confirmed during an attack; (C) at least two of the following three characteristics: (1) the aura spreads gradually over greater than five minutes, (2) aura symptoms last five to 60 minutes, (3) the aura is accompanied, or followed within 60 minutes, by headache; (D) not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis, and other causes of amaurosis fugax have been excluded.

• #9 What Is an Ocular Migraine?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/ocular-migraine-overview-and-more-5205087

  A retinal migraine affects only one eye and can occur before or during a headache. The symptoms, which can be more serious than those for a migraine with aura, may include temporary blindness or decreased vision. […] If you experience a retinal migraine, its important to see an eye doctor, because, though rare, a retinal migraine can lead to permanent vision loss. […] If you notice temporary visual disturbances before a headache which make you sensitive to light or feel nauseous, contact your healthcare provider. They can help diagnose ocular migraines. […] During an examination, they will ask you to describe your symptoms and may order an imaging test such as an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). […] Because its important to rule out other underlying conditions, they may also refer you to an ophthalmologist, who specializes in eye conditions, or a neurologist, who is an expert in conditions of the nervous system.

• #10 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/live-copy/resource-library/retinal-migraine/

  Retinal migraine is a rare type of migraine that can cause visual symptoms in one eye. Most attacks are short-lived. Learn more about the symptoms, causes and treatment options for this disease. […] At this time, there isn’t a test for retinal migraine. Therefore, diagnosis consists of your doctor ruling out other possible primary headache disorders and causes for the visual disturbance, including eye diseases. During the assessment, your doctor will review symptoms and personal and family medical history. They’ll assess for other potential medical issues, for example, a stroke that affects blood flow to one eye if you have temporary blindness. […] Age is also a factor in the diagnosis of retinal migraine. “If an attack of a visual disturbance lasting less than an hour is experienced under the age of 50, by somebody who has no risk factors for other vascular disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, family history of stroke, heart disease,…then chances are overwhelming that it’s going to be retinal migraine,” Dr. Friedman says. […] Visit the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition website for more information on the diagnosis of retinal migraine.

• #11 Retinal migraine: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314917

  A retinal migraine involves repeated attacks of visual disturbances in one eye. […] Diagnosis of retinal migraine does not involve any diagnostic tests. Instead, doctors typically follow the ICHD-3 criteria guidelines to diagnose a person with the condition. […] Diagnostic criteria for retinal migraine include the following: A person must fit the criteria for having attacks consistent with migraine with aura. […] In addition to reviewing a person’s symptoms, a doctor will likely talk about the individual’s personal or family history of migraine. […] A retinal migraine is a benign condition, and symptoms typically last less than 60 minutes. […] Retinal migraine, sometimes referred to as an ocular migraine, causes visual disturbance in one eye with a migraine headache following within an hour.

• #12 Retinal Migraine: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/migraine/retinal-migraines

  A retinal migraine is a type of migraine with aura that is rare and includes repeated bouts of short-lasting, diminished vision or blindness in one eye. […] There arent any specific tests to diagnose a retinal migraine. […] Doctors typically diagnose a retinal migraine by investigating the symptoms, conducting a general examination, and reviewing a personal and family medical history. […] Retinal migraine is usually diagnosed by a process of exclusion, meaning that symptoms such as transient blindness cant be explained by other serious eye diseases or conditions.

• #13 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/live-copy/resource-library/retinal-migraine/

  Retinal migraine is a rare type of migraine that can cause visual symptoms in one eye. Most attacks are short-lived. Learn more about the symptoms, causes and treatment options for this disease. […] At this time, there isn’t a test for retinal migraine. Therefore, diagnosis consists of your doctor ruling out other possible primary headache disorders and causes for the visual disturbance, including eye diseases. During the assessment, your doctor will review symptoms and personal and family medical history. They’ll assess for other potential medical issues, for example, a stroke that affects blood flow to one eye if you have temporary blindness. […] Age is also a factor in the diagnosis of retinal migraine. “If an attack of a visual disturbance lasting less than an hour is experienced under the age of 50, by somebody who has no risk factors for other vascular disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, family history of stroke, heart disease,…then chances are overwhelming that it’s going to be retinal migraine,” Dr. Friedman says. […] Visit the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition website for more information on the diagnosis of retinal migraine.

• #14 Ocular migraine | AOA

  https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/ocular-migraine

  A comprehensive eye exam with dilation. […] Thorough case history, including details about prior headaches. […] Neurologic testing and/or additional blood work or imaging may be necessary to rule out other, more serious, causes.

• #15 Migraines And Eye Doctors – When To Visit EyesNYcheckmap-markerphoneenvelopecommenting

  https://eyesny.org/should-i-see-an-eye-doctor-for-migraines/

  Migraines often cause vision changes, which is why it makes sense that you might need to visit an eye doctor. […] A comprehensive eye exam is an important step to rule out any potential eye problem that might be affecting your migraines or chronic headaches. […] Even though there aren’t always underlying vision problems that are affecting migraines, it’s important to talk to an eye doctor to rule out potential issues. […] The eye doctor will complete a dilated eye exam to see if there is anything that could be contributing to these symptoms. […] If the exam uncovers nothing major, then the vision disruptions could be caused by a migraine. Eye doctors don’t diagnose migraines or provide treatment for migraines. But an eye exam is often the first place a patient starts because the symptoms associated with migraines often affect their vision.

• #16 Ocular Migraine: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24961-ocular-migraine

  Ocular migraine (also known as retinal migraine) is a condition that involves attacks of visual issues that affect one eye and migraine headaches. […] The symptoms of ocular migraine (retinal migraine) can vary. But the main symptoms are visual disturbances in only one eye and a migraine headache. […] If you’re able to see a healthcare provider during an ocular migraine, they may be able to see decreased blood flow to your eye using an instrument called an ophthalmoscope. This would help confirm the diagnosis of ocular migraine. […] As attacks are usually brief, it’s more likely you’ll receive a diagnosis of ocular migraine based on your symptoms and medical and family history. […] If ocular migraines happen infrequently, such as once a month, healthcare providers generally don’t recommend treatment.

• #17 Retinal migraine | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine is a separate condition. It shouldn’t be confused with headache-type migraine or migraine with aura, which usually affects the vision of both eyes. […] Diagnosing retinal migraine […] If you manage to see a GP or optometrist during an attack, they may be able to see the decreased blood flow to your eye using an instrument called an ophthalmoscope. […] In this case, the GP or optometrist may be able to make a confident diagnosis of retinal migraine. […] As attacks are usually brief it’s more likely you’ll be diagnosed based on an account of your symptoms. […] You may be referred to an eye specialist for tests to rule out other more serious eye diseases or stroke.

• #18 Ocular migraine | AOA

  https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/ocular-migraine

  A comprehensive eye exam with dilation. […] Thorough case history, including details about prior headaches. […] Neurologic testing and/or additional blood work or imaging may be necessary to rule out other, more serious, causes.

• #19 What To Know About Retinal Migraine | MyMigraineTeam

  https://www.mymigraineteam.com/resources/what-to-know-about-retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine, also called ocular migraine, is a rarer type of migraine. […] Here, we break down what retinal migraine is, its symptoms, how its diagnosed, and available treatments. […] It is thought that the cause of a retinal migraine attack is a vasospasm, which is a sudden, temporary narrowing of the blood vessels that provide oxygen to the retina. […] Like other subtypes of migraine, retinal migraine is caused by a mix of genetic and environmental factors. […] Retinal migraine attacks can include visual symptoms such as: […] These visual auras are usually monocular (in one eye), as opposed to binocular (in both eyes), and happen soon before the migraine headache starts. […] There is no single test for diagnosing retinal migraine. Instead, a diagnosis may require seeing a range of specialists including neurologists (doctors who specialize in brain disorders) and ophthalmologists (doctors who specialize in eye disorders).

• #20

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/retinalmigraine/

  Retinal migraine (ocular migraine) is an eye condition that causes brief attacks of blindness or visual problems like flashing lights in one eye. […] Diagnosing retinal migraine. […] If you manage to see a GP or optometrist during an attack, they may be able to see the decreased bloodflow to your eye using an instrument called an ophthalmoscope. […] In this case the GP or optometrist may be able to make a confident diagnosis of retinal migraine. […] However, as attacks are usually brief it’s more likely you’ll be diagnosed based on an account of your symptoms. […] You may be referred to an eye specialist for tests to rule out other more serious eye diseases or stroke, or TIA.

• #21 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/retinal-migraine/

  Retinal migraine is characterized by the presence of an aura with visual disturbances, which appears before the onset of headache pain. Also, visual problems can appear in the patient without a subsequent attack of headache. […] To determine the disease and diagnose ocular sick headaches, you must contact not only a neurologist but also an ophthalmologist. Retinal migraine symptoms are similar to some serious pathologies. In addition to collecting anamnesis, an examination of various parts of the eyes and an assessment of the state of the pupils will be required. To exclude diseases of the brain, to which the disorder is quite often similar, instrumental techniques are used to visualize the brains structures. Most often, for this purpose, magnetic resonance imaging is indicated. […] After pathologies of the visual system are excluded, an examination is carried out to identify structural changes in the brain. The patient is given a referral to carry out diagnostic procedures, which will be: magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography; x-ray of the head; electroencephalography. […] Based on the results of the examinations, retinal migraine symptoms, and anamnesis, the doctor diagnoses and prescribes the necessary treatment.

• #22 Diagnosing ocular migraine

  https://www.mymed.com/diseases-conditions/ocular-migraine-retinal-or-ophthalmic-migraine/diagnosing-ocular-migraine

  If an ocular migraine is suspected, it is best to consult a primary healthcare professional (family physician or general practitioner / GP) or an optometrist. […] There isnt a specific set of tests which will diagnose an ocular migraine condition, but a comprehensive medical evaluation is necessary in order to either determine or rule out potentially serious underlying causes, as well as to effectively treat a persons condition. […] A diagnosis may need to be made following a process of exclusion (ruling out potential underlying conditions) and in this way, determine ocular migraine as a possible explanation for transient visual disturbances. […] Should any symptoms appear unusual, complex or quite severe, a doctor may recommend various other tests for either diagnostic purposes or a process of elimination. These can include a CT scan (computerised tomography) or MRI scan (magnetic resonance imaging). […] A doctor will take all evaluations made during the consultation and tests performed into consideration before making a diagnosis of ocular migraine. Characteristic symptoms, noted potential triggers and a ruling out of other serious conditions may also result in a diagnosis of ocular migraine.

• #23 Retinal | Ocular | Eye Migraine – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/ocular-migraine.htm

  How is Retinal / Ocular Migraine Diagnosed? […] If the person is going through the symptoms of visual loss while at the doctors office, then the ophthalmologist can check for reduced blood flow to the eye with an ophthalmoscope. […] The investigative tests that are recommended by an eye specialist to rule out other possible causes of vision changes and diagnose the condition are: […] Tests to evaluate the condition of the heart like electrocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography and Holter monitor […] Tests to evaluate blood flow through blood vessels like carotid duplex Doppler ultrasonography and fluorescein angiography […] Blood tests like total blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times.

• #24 Migraine Variants: Overview, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142731-overview

  Ruling out eye disease or vascular causes, especially when risk factors for arteriosclerosis exist, is important. That is, the condition must be differentiated from ocular or vascular causes of transient monocular blindness, mainly carotid artery disease. […] […] Carotid Duplex ultrasonography, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), or computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the brain may be helpful. Fluorescein or cerebral angiography is rarely necessary. A hypercoagulability workup and evaluation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate may be useful in excluding other coagulation disorders associated with retinal vasculopathy. […] […] Vasoconstrictive agents such as triptans and ergots should be avoided. Pharmacologic prophylaxis has only anecdotal support; when it is considered, calcium channel blockers are preferred.

• #25 Retinal Migraine Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507725/

  Ocular or retinal migraines are generally defined as a transient monocular scotoma or loss of vision that is accompanied or followed by a headache within 60 minutes of visual symptoms onset. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of retinal migraines and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for affected patients. […] Explain how to properly evaluate for retinal migraines. […] The attacks must fulfill the criteria for migraine with aura. The aura must be fully reversible and monocular, that is, positive or negative phenomena confirmed during an attack by visual field examination or patients drawing of a field defect and at least 2 of the following […] The diagnosis of retinal migraine is one of exclusion and all other causes of vision loss should initially be considered. All members of the healthcare team should be vigilant and refer the patient for immediate and emergent assessment for stroke or other thromboembolic causes for their symptoms if the patient presents with visual loss or changes.

• #26 Seeing Stars: How to Diagnose and Manage Migraine

  https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/article/seeing-stars-how-to-diagnose-and-manage-migraine

  Migraine is a diagnosis of exclusion; all other potential pathologies related to secondary headache must be eliminated through examination before diagnosing migraine. […] A history of recurrent attacks of transient monocular visual disturbance or blindness, with or without a headache and without other neurologic symptoms, is suggestive of retinal migraine. […] Retinal migraine must be differentiated from ocular or vascular causes of transient monocular blindness such as carotid artery disease and coagulation disorders.

• #27 Current Perspective on Retinal Migraine

  https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5150/5/3/38

  Retinal migraine is a diagnosis of exclusion only after other causes of TMVL have been excluded. In particular, conditions such as amaurosis fugax, carotid artery occlusive disease, and arteritic disease such as giant cell arteritis (GCA) should be considered. […] In the context of a patient presenting with symptoms fulfilling the ICHD-3 criteria for retinal migraine, the first priority is to perform the necessary investigations to rule out other causes of TMVL. This includes a detailed medical history from the patient, specifically the characteristic, frequency, and duration of vision loss. It would also be helpful to discern if the patient has a history of migraine with or without aura. […] Given the few numbers of cases in the existing literature, evidence-based treatment options for retinal migraine are limited. There have been different case reports advocating the use of migraine-based therapies such as propranolol, imipramine, nortriptyline, and verapamil. Some authors have suggested not using beta-blockers due to the theoretical risk of arteriolar constriction. In others, the symptoms of retinal migraine are managed conservatively by observations alone.

• #28 Retinal Tear & Ocular Migraine | Associated Retina Consultants – Associated Retina Consultants

  https://associatedretinaconsultants.com/how-do-i-differentiate-between-a-retinal-tear-and-an-ocular-migraine/

  How Do I Differentiate Between a Retinal Tear and an Ocular Migraine? Any sudden changes to the eyes or to your vision can be frightening. When vision is lost or distorted, partially or fully, seek immediate medical attention right away to protect your eyesight. Many eye conditions induce similar symptoms, but their diagnosis is different. Learning how to tell the difference can help you know what type of care and treatment to seek. Related to the retina, for example, signs of a retinal tear and an ocular migraine are strikingly similar, so how do I differentiate between a retinal tear and an ocular migraine? […] A retinal tear occurs when the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye, begins to tear away from its position at the back of the eye. An ocular migraine, migraines with an aura, has an unknown cause but experts believe it can be linked to either spasms in the blood vessels of the retina or changes that spread across the nerve cells in the retina. In either case, the retina is vital to your vision because it is responsible for transmitting the images you see to the brain. When the retina is compromised, so is your vision. The main difference between a retinal tear and an ocular migraine is in the degree of long-term impact on your vision. Retinal tears can lead to permanent vision loss or even blindness and require medical intervention, usually with surgery, while ocular migraines do not cause damage to the eyes and usually resolve on their own.

• #29 Retinal Migraine Vs. Migraine With Aura: What’s The Difference? | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/blog/2024/12/retinal-migraine

  On the surface, a retinal migraine looks a lot like a migraine with aura. […] The most obvious difference between a retinal migraine and a migraine with aura is whether it affects one or both eyes. A migraine with aura affects both eyes, but a retinal migraine affects only one eye, explains Dr. Kumar. […] Migraines happen when abnormal electrical signals fire on the brains surface. But with a retinal migraine, these signals only affect the back of your eye. […] A retinal migraine usually causes a headache within an hour of the visual symptoms, but some people never get head pain, says Dr. Kumar. […] Whether you have a retinal migraine or a migraine with aura, your treatment starts with a correct diagnosis. Theres no test to diagnose a retinal migraine, but your provider can perform tests to rule out other causes of visual disturbances, says Dr. Kumar.

• #30 What Is a Retinal Migraine? Common Triggers & Symptoms – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/what-is-a-retinal-migraine-common-triggers-symptoms

  Your doctor might also prescribe preventative medication to reduce the frequency of migraine attacks. […] It is important to note that triptans and ergotamines are not used to treat retinal migraines, as these drugs can worsen vision loss. […] Retinal migraines can increase the risk of conditions associated with reduced blood flow to the tissues of the eyes, causing visual disturbances. […] Hence, retinal migraine should not be confused with migraine with visual aura or headache-type migraine that usually affects the vision of both eyes.

• #31 Current Perspective on Retinal Migraine

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8396291/

  Retinal migraine was first formally described in 1882. Various terms such as ocular migraine and ophthalmic migraine have since been used interchangeably in the literature. The lack of a consistent consensus-based definition has led to controversy and potential confusion for clinicians and patients. Retinal migraine as defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) has been found to be rare. The latest ICHD defined retinal migraine as repeated attacks of monocular visual disturbance, including scintillation, scotoma or blindness, associated with migraine headache, which are fully reversible. Retinal migraine should be considered a diagnosis of exclusion, which requires other causes of transient monocular visual loss to be excluded. […] The full diagnostic criteria of retinal migraine are included in Box 1.

• #32 Current Perspective on Retinal Migraine

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8396291/

  Retinal migraine is a diagnosis of exclusion only after other causes of TMVL have been excluded. […] Given the few numbers of cases in the existing literature, evidence-based treatment options for retinal migraine are limited. […] As retinal migraine is a diagnosis of exclusion, patients who present with TMVL need extensive work to exclude other causes of monocular vision loss. Future research in this distinct clinical entity is needed, as the term retinal migraine may be a misnomer that confuses clinicians and patients alike.

• #33 What Is an Ocular Migraine?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/ocular-migraine-overview-and-more-5205087

  A retinal migraine affects only one eye and can occur before or during a headache. The symptoms, which can be more serious than those for a migraine with aura, may include temporary blindness or decreased vision. […] If you experience a retinal migraine, its important to see an eye doctor, because, though rare, a retinal migraine can lead to permanent vision loss. […] If you notice temporary visual disturbances before a headache which make you sensitive to light or feel nauseous, contact your healthcare provider. They can help diagnose ocular migraines. […] During an examination, they will ask you to describe your symptoms and may order an imaging test such as an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). […] Because its important to rule out other underlying conditions, they may also refer you to an ophthalmologist, who specializes in eye conditions, or a neurologist, who is an expert in conditions of the nervous system.

• #34 Current Perspective on Retinal Migraine

  https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5150/5/3/38

  Retinal migraine is a very rare cause of TMVL. Newer imaging modalities, such as OCT and OCT angiography, may in the future help provide better understanding and quantification of the retinal and vascular changes that have previously been reported. As retinal migraine is a diagnosis of exclusion, patients who present with TMVL need extensive work to exclude other causes of monocular vision loss. Future research in this distinct clinical entity is needed, as the term “retinal migraine” may be a misnomer that confuses clinicians and patients alike.

• #35 Ocular migraine: When to seek help

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/ocular-migraine/faq-20058113

  See a healthcare professional right away if you have visual symptoms that haven’t been looked at before, such as: Visual changes in only one eye. Visual changes that last less than five minutes or more than 60 minutes. Visual changes without a headache. New headaches or new visual changes. Headaches or visual changes that begin after age 50. New weakness on one side of the body or speech changes. […] These symptoms may suggest a more serious cause of your visual symptoms and need medical attention.

• #36 Retinal Migraine: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention | Ocular Migraine

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/migraine-and-headache/retinal-migraine-ocular-migraine

  The term ‘ocular migraine’ causes a lot of confusion because it is not an official medical diagnosis. […] The International Headache Society (IHS) classifies a retinal headache as a specific subtype of migraine. […] Retinal migraine is a relatively rare form of migraine. […] Due to the rarity of this type of migraine, doctors are still exploring the best way to treat it. […] Blindness or vision changes in one eye can be a symptom of a potentially serious or life-threatening condition, such as stroke. […] If you think you have retinal migraine, it’s important to see a doctor who specializes in headache. Ideally, people with retinal migraine should consult an ophthalmologist or neurologist with headache expertise. […] Treatment of retinal migraine attacks is a current area of exploration.

• #37 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine is a rare type of migraine that causes visual disturbances in only one eye before the headache comes on. […] There isn’t a test that can diagnose retinal migraine. Your doctor will look at your medical history and also your family medical history, as half of those with this condition have a family history of migraines. Your doctor also will give you a physical exam, ask about your symptoms, and try to rule out other causes for them. […] If you have vision loss, talk to your physician or eye doctor right away. Usually, loss of vision in just one eye isn’t related to migraine. It may be a symptom of a more serious issue, such as a stroke about to happen. If you don’t treat it, temporary vision loss due to retinal migraine could become permanent.

• #38 Ocular Migraine (Retinal Migraine) vs. Migraine Aura

  https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/ocular-migraine/overview-of-retinal-migraine/

  Ocular migraine is another name for a retinal migraine. It’s a rare condition that can cause temporary blind spots, vision loss and flashes of light in one eye. These symptoms usually last one hour or less. […] Doctors can’t diagnose retinal migraines the same way they diagnose other problems. Instead, they diagnose them by ruling out other conditions that cause the same symptoms. […] Retinal migraine symptoms only happen in one eye. The visual effects can happen with or without pain. […] Doctors are usually more concerned about a retinal migraine than a migraine with aura. It’s rare, but retinal migraines can sometimes lead to permanent vision loss in one eye. Get medical help if your symptoms last longer than an hour. […] An ocular (retinal) migraine episode is very hard to treat because it lasts such a short time. Drugs that treat migraine headaches usually don’t help retinal migraines. That’s why doctors usually focus on preventing them instead. […] Finding and avoiding your triggers may help you have fewer migraines, whether they come with headaches or not. Some triggers can be harder to avoid than others. […] Retinal migraines are more common in people who have certain health conditions.

• #39 Lesson: What to Do When the Patient Says They Have “Ocular Migraine”

  https://www.revieweducationgroup.com/ce/what-to-do-when-the-patient-says-they-have-ocular-migraine

  The vision loss can range from various types of scotomas (black, white or even shaded) to blurred vision to complete loss of vision in the affected eye. […] Retinal migraines may have ocular complications. They are typically vascular complications and may cause permanent loss of vision. Because of the pathophysiology of retinal migraines, blood flow may be impaired, leading to complications such as retinal artery occlusions, retinal vein occlusions or retinal hemorrhages. […] If visual complaints are monocular, etiologies resulting in transient monocular vision loss (TMVL) must be ruled out before diagnosing retinal migraine. […] Once all underlying etiologies have been excluded, only then can a diagnosis of retinal migraine be made.

• #40 Increased risks of retinal vascular occlusion in patients with migraine and the protective effects of migraine treatment: a population-based retrospective cohort study | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-66363-9

  Associations between migraine and retinal vascular occlusion have been reported, but there is no large-scale and comprehensive study. […] We aimed to determine risks of retinal vascular occlusion in patients with migraine. […] Study outcomes were diagnoses of retinal vascular occlusion, including retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). […] The cumulative incidences of subsequent retinal vascular occlusion, RAO, and RVO were significantly higher in migraine patients compared with controls (0.31% vs. 0.21%; 0.09% vs. 0.05%; 0.22% vs. 0.17%; all p0.001). […] The hazards of retinal vascular occlusion, RAO, and RVO were significantly greater in the migraine group (aHR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.57, 1.83], 2.13 [95% CI, 1.84, 2.48] and 1.53 [95% CI, 1.40, 1.68], respectively).

• #41 Retinal Migraine: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention | Ocular Migraine

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/migraine-and-headache/retinal-migraine-ocular-migraine

  No clear-cut guidelines exist. […] Today, treatment primarily relies on NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and antinausea medicines to manage pain and other symptoms. […] No treatments are available to restore vision during an attack. […] Doctors avoid typical migraine treatments, such as triptan drugs and ergot alkaloids. […] Medications may be helpful to prevent attacks. […] With retinal migraine, reduced blood flow to the retina may eventually cause damage. […] Seeing your doctor for regular follow-up appointments can help identify potential problems with the retina.

• #42 Current Perspective on Retinal Migraine

  https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5150/5/3/38

  Retinal migraine is a diagnosis of exclusion only after other causes of TMVL have been excluded. In particular, conditions such as amaurosis fugax, carotid artery occlusive disease, and arteritic disease such as giant cell arteritis (GCA) should be considered. […] In the context of a patient presenting with symptoms fulfilling the ICHD-3 criteria for retinal migraine, the first priority is to perform the necessary investigations to rule out other causes of TMVL. This includes a detailed medical history from the patient, specifically the characteristic, frequency, and duration of vision loss. It would also be helpful to discern if the patient has a history of migraine with or without aura. […] Given the few numbers of cases in the existing literature, evidence-based treatment options for retinal migraine are limited. There have been different case reports advocating the use of migraine-based therapies such as propranolol, imipramine, nortriptyline, and verapamil. Some authors have suggested not using beta-blockers due to the theoretical risk of arteriolar constriction. In others, the symptoms of retinal migraine are managed conservatively by observations alone.

• #43 What To Know About Retinal Migraine | MyMigraineTeam

  https://www.mymigraineteam.com/resources/what-to-know-about-retinal-migraine

  Your eye doctor may perform visual field testing to gauge how far you can see to either side and up and down while looking directly ahead. […] Additionally, your doctor will also talk to you about your symptoms and family history to help make their diagnosis of retinal migraine. […] To rule out these causes, your doctor may do other scans and tests. […] Many of the treatments for ocular migraine are similar to general migraine treatments. […] The main treatment for migraine attacks is quick pain relief through over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as: […] Aspirin is widely recommended for retinal migraine attacks because it is known to be beneficial for people with vascular diseases in general. […] Preventative medications for retinal migraine may include: […] Simple lifestyle changes including maintaining good sleep hygiene, eating smaller meals, and exercising regularly may help, as well.

• #44 Retinal migraine: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314917

  A retinal migraine involves repeated attacks of visual disturbances in one eye. […] Diagnosis of retinal migraine does not involve any diagnostic tests. Instead, doctors typically follow the ICHD-3 criteria guidelines to diagnose a person with the condition. […] Diagnostic criteria for retinal migraine include the following: A person must fit the criteria for having attacks consistent with migraine with aura. […] In addition to reviewing a person’s symptoms, a doctor will likely talk about the individual’s personal or family history of migraine. […] A retinal migraine is a benign condition, and symptoms typically last less than 60 minutes. […] Retinal migraine, sometimes referred to as an ocular migraine, causes visual disturbance in one eye with a migraine headache following within an hour.

• #45 Current Perspective on Retinal Migraine

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8396291/

  Retinal migraine was first formally described in 1882. Various terms such as ocular migraine and ophthalmic migraine have since been used interchangeably in the literature. The lack of a consistent consensus-based definition has led to controversy and potential confusion for clinicians and patients. Retinal migraine as defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) has been found to be rare. The latest ICHD defined retinal migraine as repeated attacks of monocular visual disturbance, including scintillation, scotoma or blindness, associated with migraine headache, which are fully reversible. Retinal migraine should be considered a diagnosis of exclusion, which requires other causes of transient monocular visual loss to be excluded. […] The full diagnostic criteria of retinal migraine are included in Box 1.

• #46 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments

  https://www.neurahealth.co/blog/retinal-migraine-symptoms-causes-and-treatments

  Retinal migraine, also referred to as „ocular migraine”, is a rare type of migraine that can cause visual symptoms in a single eye. […] If you think you may be experiencing retinal migraine, your doctor will need to rule out other causes and primary headache conditions. It is important that patients also be seen by an ophthalmologist for a visual exam to rule out other eye diseases that can cause these visual symptoms. […] It is important that you seek urgent medical attention if experiencing sudden visual changes, so that stroke can be ruled out as a potential cause. […] Be sure to speak with a neurologist about your symptoms if you think you may be experiencing retinal migraine or migraine with aura.

• #47 An Overview of Migraine Management for Optometrists

  https://eyesoneyecare.com/resources/migraine-management-optometry/

  As optometrists, we do not diagnose or medically treat migraines. However, many patients will walk into our office with visual or ocular symptoms associated with migraines or one of their differentials. Therefore, we do need to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of migraine, and rule out its more adverse masqueraders. […] If your ocular exam is unremarkable and the patients symptoms are ambiguous, do not hesitate to send these patients to the ER immediately. […] Be particularly wary of patients who are beyond their fourth decade of life and have any type of vision loss or state they have a terrible headache, especially if they have no personal history of any kind of migraines. These patients should be referred immediately for imaging to rule out more serious conditions.

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