Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/retinal-migraine/

  Retinal migraine is a rare type of migraine that can cause visual symptoms in one eye. Most attacks are short-lived. Learn more about the symptoms, causes and treatment options for this disease. […] There is not a known definite cause of retinal migraine. It is set off by many of the same things as migraine with aura, such as: Stress, High blood pressure, Smoking, Birth control pills, Dehydration (not enough water in the system), Low blood sugar. […] Age is also a factor in the diagnosis of retinal migraine. “If an attack of a visual disturbance lasting less than an hour is experienced under the age of 50, by somebody who has no risk factors for other vascular disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, family history of stroke, heart disease,…then chances are overwhelming that it’s going to be retinal migraine,” Dr. Friedman says.

• #1 Retinal migraine

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/retinal-migraine/

  Retinal migraines are thought to happen when the blood vessels in your eye suddenly narrow, restricting the blood flow. […] Things that can cause them include: stress, caffeine and alcohol, dehydration, smoking, high blood pressure, bending over, low blood sugar, some types of hormonal contraception.

• #1 Current Perspective on Retinal Migraine

  https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5150/5/3/38

  The vascular or vasospastic hypothesis of migraine has been largely refuted by advances in intracerebral blood flow imaging. […] While we still do not fully understand migraine, advances in the understanding of its pathophysiology indicate a complex interplay of mechanisms involving hypothalamic activation, alteration in thalamo-cortical circuits, brainstem activation, cortical spreading depolarisation, release of chemicals such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACP). […] If we accept that the visual aura is a cortical process that results in binocular symptoms, the term retinal migraine becomes potentially confusing and anatomically incongruous. […] Several authors have proposed the cortical spreading depression (CSD) theory of retinal neurons as a plausible explanation.

• #1 Retinal Migraine Vs. Migraine With Aura: What’s The Difference? | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/blog/2024/12/retinal-migraine

  All migraines, including retinal migraines, are neurological conditions, meaning they involve your brain and nervous system, says Dr. Kumar. […] Migraines happen when abnormal electrical signals fire on the brains surface. But with a retinal migraine, these signals only affect the back of your eye. Usually, this happens when the blood vessels in your retina become narrowed. […] If the electrical signals send abnormal messages, you may see lights and spots that arent actually there. […] Things that can cause a retinal migraine include: consuming caffeine or alcohol, dehydration, high blood pressure, hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills), hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), menstruation and hormonal shifts, smoking, and stress.

• #1

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7339700/

  Retinal migraine is an ophthalmo-pathological condition described as a transient monocular scotoma or vision loss, being accompanied or followed by a headache. […] Among other causes, apparently, the major one stays the ischemia or vascular spasm in, or behind the affected eye. […] Substance P, nitrous oxide, calcitonin generated peptides have been suspected as chemical effectors in the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of retinal migraine, by exercising a non-desired effect leading to the plasma extravasation, neurogenic inflammation, vasodilatation. […] It is believed that retinal vasospasm initiates transient monocular visual loss, being the most plausible explanation. […] Taking into account that vasospasm is the most common cause of the symptoms and the use of aspirin has its own risk and has been reported not very effective, the adequate use of verapamil and nifedipine, should constitute a good treatment option.

• #1 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/live-copy/resource-library/retinal-migraine/

  Retinal migraine is a rare type of migraine that can cause visual symptoms in one eye. Most attacks are short-lived. Learn more about the symptoms, causes and treatment options for this disease. […] There is not a known definite cause of retinal migraine. It is set off by many of the same things as migraine with aura, such as: Stress, High blood pressure, Smoking, Birth control pills, Dehydration (not enough water in the system), Low blood sugar. […] The disease has visual disturbances in one eye only. If you experience twinkling lights in your right eye, vision in your left eye will be normal. In migraine with aura, visual symptoms are present in both eyes. […] Age is also a factor in the diagnosis of retinal migraine. „If an attack of a visual disturbance lasting less than an hour is experienced under the age of 50, by somebody who has no risk factors for other vascular disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, family history of stroke, heart disease,…then chances are overwhelming that it’s going to be retinal migraine,” Dr. Friedman says.

• #1 Retinal migraine | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine is caused by the blood vessels to the eye suddenly narrowing (constricting), reducing the blood flow to the eye. […] It may be triggered by: stress, smoking, high blood pressure, hormonal birth control pills, exercise, bending over, high altitude, dehydration, low blood sugar, heat. […] Afterward, the blood vessels relax, blood flow resumes and sight returns. Usually, there are no abnormalities within the eye and permanent damage to the eye is rare. […] Retinal migraine tends to be more common in: women, people aged under 40, people with a personal or family history of migraines or other headaches, people with an underlying disease, such as: lupus, atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis), sickle cell disease (sickle cell anaemia), epilepsy, antiphospholipid syndrome, giant cell arteritis.

• #1 Ocular Migraine: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24961-ocular-migraine

  Ocular migraine (also known as retinal migraine) is a condition that involves attacks of visual issues that affect one eye and migraine headaches. […] Researchers don’t know what exactly causes ocular migraines (retinal migraines), but they have theories. One of several theories is that it may be due to issues in blood vessels or blood flow that supports your retina. This issue in blood flow causes visual symptoms. Once your blood vessels relax, normal blood flow resumes and your sight returns. […] Researchers believe there’s also a genetic component to ocular migraines, as 50% of people who experience them have a family history of migraine headaches.

• #1 Retinal Migraine Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507725/

  Ocular or retinal migraines are generally defined as a transient monocular scotoma or loss of vision that is accompanied or followed by a headache within 60 minutes of visual symptoms onset. […] Based on theories and pathophysiology of retinal migraine, precipitating factors for a retinal migraine are the same for migraine, with and without aura. Factors include, but are not limited to, emotional stress, high blood pressure, and hormonal contraceptive pills, as well as exercise, being at a higher altitude, dehydration, smoking, low blood sugar, and hyperthermia. Comorbidity with lupus, atherosclerosis, and sickle cell disease increases the risk of having a retinal migraine. […] Retinal migraine attacks are precipitated by similar factors as a migraine with aurae such as stress, smoking, hypertension, hormonal contraceptive pills, exercise, bending over, high altitude, dehydration, hypoglycemia, or excessive heat. Strong family history in these patients suggests that a retinal migraine has a genetic predisposition but no clear pattern of inheritance has been described.

• #1 Retinal Migraine: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/migraine/retinal-migraines

  A retinal migraine is a type of migraine with aura that is rare and includes repeated bouts of short-lasting, diminished vision or blindness in one eye. […] The exact cause of retinal migraine is unknown and controversial. There are several mechanisms that have been considered including retinal vasospasm (narrowing of arteries), inflammation around the nerves, and changes within areas of the brain. […] More research is needed to fully understand potential causes. […] Some eye experts believe that retinal migraine results from changes in nerve cells spreading across the retina. […] Retinal migraine is not a sign of serious problems within the eye. Theres a small chance that reduced blood flow can damage the retina. […] The following activities and conditions can trigger retinal migraine attacks: intense exercise, smoking, tobacco use, dehydration, low blood sugar, birth control pills that modify hormonal levels, hypertension, high altitude, hot temperatures, caffeine withdrawal.

• #1 Retinal Migraine Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507725/

  Complications of a retinal migraine include central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), retinal infarction, central retinal venous occlusion, branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), retinal hemorrhages that can lead to edema of the retina and disc, ischemia of choroid or optic nerve, and vitreous hemorrhage. Many of those could lead to irreversible vision loss in the patient.

• #1

  https://www.themigrainestopper.com/blogs/news/ocular-visual-and-retinal-migraines

  Ocular migraines are caused by reduced blood flow or spasms of blood vessels in the retina or behind the eye. […] Exactly what causes ocular or retinal migraine is not known, but a personal or family history of migraines is a known risk factor. […] Ocular or retinal migraines are believed to have the same causes as migraine headaches. […] Migraine headaches have a genetic basis, and some studies say that up to 70 percent of people who suffer from the disorder have a family history of migraine headaches. […] According to the World Health Organization, migraine headaches appear to be triggered by activation of a mechanism deep in the brain, which releases inflammatory substances around nerves and blood vessels in the head and brain. […] Imaging studies have revealed changes in blood flow to the brain during ocular or retinal migraines and migraine auras. But why this happens and what brings about the spontaneous resolution of ocular or retinal migraines and visual migraines remain unknown.

• #1 Why Am I Getting Ocular Migraines? – DMEI | Dean McGee Eye Institute

  https://www.dmei.org/blog/why-am-i-getting-ocular-migraines/

  Retinal migraines are believed to be caused by the narrowing of blood flow to the eye. The constriction of blood reduces the amount of oxygen delivered to the eye. Once the blood vessels relax, visual symptoms improve. […] It is unclear what exactly causes ocular migraines. […] Evidence suggests that aura associated with a migraine are caused by electrical or chemical waves moving around the brain. The parts of the brain touched by this wave determine the particular aura that are experienced. The visual cortex is the area of the brain that receives and processes visual information. If a wave moves across the visual cortex, nerves fire in abnormal ways causing the migraines visual effects.

• #1 MIGRAINES, RETINAL DETACHMENTS, AND STROKES – Toronto Eye Clinic

  https://www.torontoeyeclinic.com/migraines-retinal-detachments-and-strokes/

  Migraines, retinal detachments, and strokes can often be confused and mistaken for one another. It is imperative to distinguish between these conditions, as they require different forms of action. […] A migraine is a term that encompasses multiple, related conditions. By definition, a migraine is a vascular disease, meaning it affects the body’s blood supply. There are several types of migraines and it is important to recognize the differences. […] Migraines are triggered by numerous factors such as hormonal changes, stress, diet, and changes in sleeping patterns. […] An ocular or retinal migraine is known as a migraine without a headache. During an ocular migraine, the blood vessels involved will go through a constriction phase where the blood supply to the eye is diminished. This causes the photoreceptors, which are light-receiving receptors at the back of the eye, to have a compromised blood supply. […] The key to recognizing an ocular migraine is that these photopic visual experiences are an “excitable event” in your vision.

• #1 What causes ocular migraines?

  https://www.mymed.com/diseases-conditions/ocular-migraine-retinal-or-ophthalmic-migraine/what-causes-ocular-migraines

  A sudden constriction (narrowing) or tightening of blood vessels (spasms) near the eye can considerably reduce blood flow to the organ. […] The underlying cause of blood vessel constriction in the eye is generally not a result of a problem relating to the eye itself. […] Theoretically ocular migraines may have the same (or similar) causes as a migraine with aura. […] However, imaging studies have consistently shown that changes in blood flow to the brain during an ocular migraine attack are part of its cause. […] Causal influences have been linked to genetic factors, specifically a family history of migraine in general or ocular migraines, as well as the hormone oestrogen. […] Any ocular migraine experience should be evaluated by a medical doctor as soon as possible, and especially if eyesight does not resolve (return to normal) in order to rule out ischemia of the retinal arteries (i.e. inadequate blood supply to the eye).

• #1 Retinal migraine | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine is usually characterized by attacks of fully reversible monocular visual loss associated with migraine headache. […] The underlying pathophysiology of retinal migraine remains largely unknown. […] Primary vascular dysregulation is associated with retinal vascular disease and is comorbid with migraine. […] Ischemia is the other mechanism commonly invoked to explain permanent monocular visual loss in the setting of migraine. […] Minor risk factors for vascular disease were identified in only a few patients with transient and permanent monocular visual loss. […] Retinal migraine is thought to be a rare disorder, but its true prevalence and incidence are unknown. […] Nearly 50% of patients with monocular visual loss had a history of migraine with conventional visual aura. […] The high number of patients with transient monocular visual loss who eventually develop permanent monocular visual loss makes retinal migraine a less benign condition than migraine with conventional visual aura.

• #1 Causes of Frequent Ocular Migraines – Optical Migraine Relief | NHI

  https://nationalheadacheinstitute.com/blog/why-do-i-get-frequent-ocular-migraines/

  Migraines are caused by cortical spreading depression, a medical term used to describe abnormal electrical activity in the brain that typically starts in the occipital lobe (the back of the head) and spreads through the rest of the brain at a slow but steady pace. Ocular migraines may be caused by this same phenomenon that takes place in the retina of the eye. […] Frequent ocular migraines are usually the result of a trigger of some type. Like migraines, ocular migraines can be triggered by a variety of things. Some examples include: Lights, sounds, or smells; Looking at a computer screen or reading for long periods of time; Certain foods like nitrates or MSG; Changes in weather or barometric pressure; Hormonal changes; Dehydration.

• #1 Current Perspective on Retinal Migraine

  https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5150/5/3/38

  Retinal migraine was first formally described in 1882. […] The latest ICHD defined retinal migraine as ‘repeated attacks of monocular visual disturbance, including scintillation, scotoma or blindness, associated with migraine headache’, which are fully reversible. […] The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the literature on retinal migraine, including: epidemiology and risk factors; proposed aetiology; clinical presentation; and management strategies. It is potentially a misnomer as its proposed aetiology is different from our current understanding of the mechanism of migraine. […] During early embryonic development, the retina and optic nerve emerge from the diencephalon and are considered as part of the central nervous system. […] When Carroll described the term retinal migraine in the 1970s, he hypothesized that the mechanism of visual loss is due to paroxysmal constriction or spasm in either the central retinal artery or ophthalmic artery.

• #1 Understanding Retinal Migraines

  https://www.salusuhealth.com/news/2024/07/understanding-retinal-migraines.html

  Retinal migraines share many of the same causes and triggers as migraines (with and without aura). These include stress, high blood pressure, smoking, contraceptive pills/hormonal changes, dehydration, low blood sugar, harsh lights or electronic screens, alcohol, changes in weather, skipping meals/undereating, too much or too little sleep, and other taxing visual activities. […] The American Migraine Foundation, says that the source of retinal migraines is similar to other migraine conditions in that they do not have a definitive root cause, though retinal migraines specifically may happen as a result of abnormal electrical activity around the retina, or a lack of blood flow to the retina.

• #1 Ocular & Retinal Migraines – Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.eyesolutions.in/blog/what-is-ocular-retinal-migrane-its-causes-symptoms-treatment-and-more/

  Here are the top five causes of ocular migraine: Stress: High anxiety levels are a common trigger for migraines, including ocular migraines. When you are stressed, your body releases hormones that can cause blood pressure and heart rate changes, affecting the blood flow to the brain. Lack of sleep: Lack of sleep can also trigger ocular migraines. When you get disturbed sleep, your body may release stress hormones, primarily cortisol, that can cause changes in blood flow and lead to a migraine. Its important to build a consistent sleep schedule in your daily life. Certain foods: Certain foods, such as chocolate, caffeine, and aged cheeses, can trigger ocular migraines. Other food triggers may include alcohol, processed meats, and foods with high levels of sodium or MSG. Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes can also trigger ocular migraines, especially in women. Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or menopause can cause changes in blood flow and lead to a migraine. Environmental factors: Environmental factors, such as bright or flashing lights, strong smells, or loud noises, can trigger ocular migraines in some people. Changes in the weather, such as temperature or barometric pressure, can also trigger migraines.

• #1 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/retinal-migraine/

  Retinal migraine is characterized by the presence of an aura with visual disturbances, which appears before the onset of headache pain. […] The basis of retinal migraine is neurological dysfunction, leading to a disruption in the work of the visual analyzer. This condition develops due to a decrease in the tone of the posterior cerebral artery. As a result, transient retinal ischemia and oxygen starvation of the brain occurs. The disease is neurological and is not associated with pathologies that lead to changes in the tissues of the brain or eyes. […] The appearance of ocular migraine attacks is associated with the effect of provoking factors on the body, the main of which are considered by doctors to be the following: chronic lack of sleep for an adult, a nights sleep lasting 8 hours is necessary. Reducing it even by an hour, if this continues for a long time, leads to frequent attacks; a sharp change in the weather; rapid climate change, when conditions in a new place are seriously different from those that were previously; severe stress; emotional stress; severe mental overload; sharp hormonal surges; exposure to flickering light; inhalation of tobacco smoke; a sharp emotional outburst; exposure to a pungent odor or heavy and sweet; severe physical fatigue; eating a lot of products containing caffeine; taking some medicines. […] Quite often, the disease debuts in persons aged 14-16 years, when there is a rapid change in the circulatory system, hormonal changes, and rapid growth is observed.

• #1 Retinal Migraine: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/migraine/retinal-migraines

  Additionally, certain foods and liquids can trigger retinal migraine, including: foods that contain nitrates, such as sausage, hot dogs, and other processed meats; foods with tyramine, such as smoked fish, cured meats, and certain soy products; products that contain monosodium glutamate, including snack chips, broths, soups, and seasonings; alcoholic beverages including certain beers and red wine; beverages and foods with caffeine. […] Retinal migraine is triggered by different things in different people.

• #1 Can Poor Vision Cause Migraines? – Eye Medical Clinic

  https://eyemedicalclinic.com/can-poor-vision-cause-migraines

  Retinal Migraine refers to visual symptoms that occur in only one eye before or during the headache phase of a migraine. Retinal Migraine symptoms tend to be more intrusive than aura symptoms, and can include decreased vision, flashing lights and even temporary blindness. […] Exactly what causes ocular migraines is not known, but a personal or family history of migraines is a known risk factor. Most doctors agree that ocular migraines have the same causes as classic migraine. […] Genetics A family history of migraine or ocular migraine increases your chance of having them. […] Hormones Migraines have been linked to the hormone estrogen. In women, hormones can fluctuate due to the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and menopause. Hormone levels are also affected by oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies. […] Triggers Some people know exactly what triggers a migraine for them but research shows it is likely the combination of factors that trigger a migraine. They can include stress, lack of sleep, weather change, alcohol, caffeine and certain foods.

• #1 Ocular Migraines: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment | Saratoga Vision

  https://www.saratogavision.com/ocular-migraines-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/

  Ocular migraines are non-permanent, visual disturbances that can have an effect on either one or both of your eyes. […] Doctors believe that ocular migraines have similar causes as migraine headaches. The World Health Organization says that there is also a genetic link to a migraine. […] Migraines are usually triggered by activation of specific mechanisms deep within the brain which releases numerous inflammatory substances around the blood vessels and the nerves of the brain. […] Statistics also indicate that this condition mostly affects adults who are in their 30s or 40s but they start experiencing the state in their early ages and may pass it down to their children. […] Migraines have also been linked to hormone estrogen which controls chemicals in the brain that usually affect the sensation of pain.

• #1 Retinal Migraine: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention | Ocular Migraine

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/migraine-and-headache/retinal-migraine-ocular-migraine

  Retinal migraine may involve similar disturbances, but at the back of the eye. Reduced blood flow to the retina also likely plays a role in retinal migraine. […] Like other forms of migraine, there are likely factors that trigger an attack. Triggers vary from person to person and may include hormonal changes, stress, smoking, low blood sugar, and high blood pressure. Exercise, dehydration, excessive heat, and high altitude can be triggers as well. […] Several factors increase the risk of developing retinal migraine. These risk factors are similar to other forms of migraine. Retinal migraines are more common in women. They can begin at any age, but typically start during adolescence and peak during childbearing years. Retinal migraines are also more common in people with a family history of migraine.

• #1 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine is a rare type of migraine that causes visual disturbances in only one eye before the headache comes on. […] We dont know how many people are affected by retinal migraine, but experts think that not everyone who has it reports it. If you have certain medical conditions, you may be more likely to have retinal migraine. Those include lupus, atherosclerosis, and sickle cell disease. […] Other conditions may cause temporary vision loss, such as amaurosis fugax, or transient vision loss (TVL). This is temporary blindness due to a lack of blood flow to the retina. This is sometimes called a stroke of the eye. […] Usually, loss of vision in just one eye isnt related to migraine. It may be a symptom of a more serious issue, such as a stroke about to happen. If you dont treat it, temporary vision loss due to retinal migraine could become permanent.

• #1 What Causes Ocular Migraines? | West Boca Eye Center

  https://www.westbocaeyecenter.com/post/what-causes-ocular-migraines

  Ocular migraines are caused by spasms or reduced blood flow through the blood vessels behind the eye and/or to the retina. […] Its important to note that ocular, or retinal, migraine is a relatively rare condition.

• #1 What’s an Ocular Migraine? | Developmental Vision Center

  https://www.scott-eyecare.com/whats-an-ocular-migraine/

  Retinal migraines are rare, affecting 1 in 200 migraine sufferers. […] Retinal migraines cause repeated temporary episodes of blindness in just one eye. Most people experiencing a retinal migraine report that their vision suddenly becomes very blurry, or that there is a partial or complete blackening out of their vision. […] Unfortunately, though most agree that genetics play a significant role in predisposing some individuals to ocular migraines, researchers have yet to discover if any one specific stimulus directly causes them. […] Some researchers believe that changes within the retinal nerves or blood vessels in the back of the eye can stimulate an ocular migraine. […] However, most doctors believe that the same factors known to trigger classic migraines can also trigger ocular migraines.

• #2 Retinal migraine | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine is caused by the blood vessels to the eye suddenly narrowing (constricting), reducing the blood flow to the eye. […] It may be triggered by: stress, smoking, high blood pressure, hormonal birth control pills, exercise, bending over, high altitude, dehydration, low blood sugar, heat. […] Afterward, the blood vessels relax, blood flow resumes and sight returns. Usually, there are no abnormalities within the eye and permanent damage to the eye is rare. […] Retinal migraine tends to be more common in: women, people aged under 40, people with a personal or family history of migraines or other headaches, people with an underlying disease, such as: lupus, atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis), sickle cell disease (sickle cell anaemia), epilepsy, antiphospholipid syndrome, giant cell arteritis.

• #2 Why Am I Getting Ocular Migraines? – DMEI | Dean McGee Eye Institute

  https://www.dmei.org/blog/why-am-i-getting-ocular-migraines/

  Retinal migraines are believed to be caused by the narrowing of blood flow to the eye. The constriction of blood reduces the amount of oxygen delivered to the eye. Once the blood vessels relax, visual symptoms improve. […] It is unclear what exactly causes ocular migraines. […] Evidence suggests that aura associated with a migraine are caused by electrical or chemical waves moving around the brain. The parts of the brain touched by this wave determine the particular aura that are experienced. The visual cortex is the area of the brain that receives and processes visual information. If a wave moves across the visual cortex, nerves fire in abnormal ways causing the migraines visual effects.

• #2 Visual migraine: Symptoms, causes, link to stroke, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/visual-migraine

  Retinal migraine is rare, but people as young as 7 years old could experience it. Researchers suggest that retinal migraine may run in families and be more likely to occur in people who experience migraine headaches. […] Changes in the retina cause retinal migraine. A persons retina is located at the back of their eye. […] According to one 2021 article, some researchers believe that when the arteries of the retina narrow, the reduced blood flow causes visual symptoms. Others suggest that an electrical disturbance in the retina is the main cause, similarly to what happens in migraine with aura. […] However, more research is necessary to fully understand what causes retinal migraine. […] The triggers of retinal migraine are similar to those of migraine with aura. They include: stress, smoking, bending over, high blood pressure, dehydration, high altitudes, heat, low blood sugar.

• #2 Retinal Migraines: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.shreeramkrishnanetralaya.com/blog/retinal-migraines-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Retinal migraine is an uncommon type of migraine. […] Sadly, the exact cause of retinal migraine is still unknown. However, doctors believe that retinal migraine episodes are a result of a wave of nerve cell deactivation that spreads across your retina. […] Here are some common triggers that may cause it: Stress, Smoking, Hot weather, Low blood sugar, Dehydration, Vigorous exercise, High blood pressure.

• #2 Ocular migraine: When to seek help

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/ocular-migraine/faq-20058113

  The term „ocular migraine” can be confusing. […] Sometimes people use the term „ocular migraine” to refer to a retinal migraine. This type of migraine is very rare and causes visual changes in one eye. […] A retinal migraine is a rare condition that usually affects people who also have other symptoms of migraine. Retinal migraine involves repeated bouts of short-lasting partial vision loss, such as blind spots. […] A retinal migraine unlike a migraine with aura affects only one eye, not both. But usually vision changes that affect only one eye aren’t related to a retinal migraine. Vision changes in one eye can be caused by more-serious conditions that need treatment.

• #2 Retinal migraine – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal_migraine

  Retinal migraine is caused by the blood vessels (that leads to the eye) suddenly narrowing (constricting), reducing blood flow to the eye, which causes aura in vision. […] It may be triggered by: Stress, Smoking, High blood pressure, Oral contraceptive pill, Exercise, Hay fever, Bending over, High altitude, Dehydration, Low blood sugar, Excessive heat, Eating chocolate. […] Retinal migraine tends to be more common in: Women, People aged under 40, People with a personal or family history of migraines or other headaches, People with an underlying disease (lupus, hardening of the arteries, sickle cell disease, epilepsy, antiphospholipid syndrome, and giant cell arteritis).

• #2

  https://www.themigrainestopper.com/blogs/news/ocular-visual-and-retinal-migraines

  Ocular migraines are caused by reduced blood flow or spasms of blood vessels in the retina or behind the eye. […] Exactly what causes ocular or retinal migraine is not known, but a personal or family history of migraines is a known risk factor. […] Ocular or retinal migraines are believed to have the same causes as migraine headaches. […] Migraine headaches have a genetic basis, and some studies say that up to 70 percent of people who suffer from the disorder have a family history of migraine headaches. […] According to the World Health Organization, migraine headaches appear to be triggered by activation of a mechanism deep in the brain, which releases inflammatory substances around nerves and blood vessels in the head and brain. […] Imaging studies have revealed changes in blood flow to the brain during ocular or retinal migraines and migraine auras. But why this happens and what brings about the spontaneous resolution of ocular or retinal migraines and visual migraines remain unknown.

• #2 Retinal Migraine: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/migraine/retinal-migraines

  Additionally, certain foods and liquids can trigger retinal migraine, including: foods that contain nitrates, such as sausage, hot dogs, and other processed meats; foods with tyramine, such as smoked fish, cured meats, and certain soy products; products that contain monosodium glutamate, including snack chips, broths, soups, and seasonings; alcoholic beverages including certain beers and red wine; beverages and foods with caffeine. […] Retinal migraine is triggered by different things in different people.

• #2 Retinal Migraine: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/migraine/retinal-migraines

  A retinal migraine is a type of migraine with aura that is rare and includes repeated bouts of short-lasting, diminished vision or blindness in one eye. […] The exact cause of retinal migraine is unknown and controversial. There are several mechanisms that have been considered including retinal vasospasm (narrowing of arteries), inflammation around the nerves, and changes within areas of the brain. […] More research is needed to fully understand potential causes. […] Some eye experts believe that retinal migraine results from changes in nerve cells spreading across the retina. […] Retinal migraine is not a sign of serious problems within the eye. Theres a small chance that reduced blood flow can damage the retina. […] The following activities and conditions can trigger retinal migraine attacks: intense exercise, smoking, tobacco use, dehydration, low blood sugar, birth control pills that modify hormonal levels, hypertension, high altitude, hot temperatures, caffeine withdrawal.

• #2 What Is a Visual Migraine? Causes, Symptoms, and Relief

  https://www.gammacore.com/what-is-a-visual-migraine/

  Retinal migraines, on the other hand, usually only affect one eye. The visual disturbances are often more severe than migraine with aura and can last anywhere between five to 20 minutes. […] Migraines can sometimes be hereditary – there is a genetic component to visual migraine as well. According to The Migraine Trust, 60% of people who experience migraines have their genes to blame, and it’s believed that as many as 50% of visual migraine cases are linked to family history of migraine headaches.

• #2 Ocular Migraines: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment | Saratoga Vision

  https://www.saratogavision.com/ocular-migraines-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/

  Ocular migraines are non-permanent, visual disturbances that can have an effect on either one or both of your eyes. […] Doctors believe that ocular migraines have similar causes as migraine headaches. The World Health Organization says that there is also a genetic link to a migraine. […] Migraines are usually triggered by activation of specific mechanisms deep within the brain which releases numerous inflammatory substances around the blood vessels and the nerves of the brain. […] Statistics also indicate that this condition mostly affects adults who are in their 30s or 40s but they start experiencing the state in their early ages and may pass it down to their children. […] Migraines have also been linked to hormone estrogen which controls chemicals in the brain that usually affect the sensation of pain.

• #2 What Causes Ocular Migraines? | West Boca Eye Center

  https://www.westbocaeyecenter.com/post/what-causes-ocular-migraines

  Ocular migraines are caused by spasms or reduced blood flow through the blood vessels behind the eye and/or to the retina. […] Its important to note that ocular, or retinal, migraine is a relatively rare condition.

• #2 Current Perspective on Retinal Migraine

  https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5150/5/3/38

  Retinal migraine was first formally described in 1882. […] The latest ICHD defined retinal migraine as ‘repeated attacks of monocular visual disturbance, including scintillation, scotoma or blindness, associated with migraine headache’, which are fully reversible. […] The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the literature on retinal migraine, including: epidemiology and risk factors; proposed aetiology; clinical presentation; and management strategies. It is potentially a misnomer as its proposed aetiology is different from our current understanding of the mechanism of migraine. […] During early embryonic development, the retina and optic nerve emerge from the diencephalon and are considered as part of the central nervous system. […] When Carroll described the term retinal migraine in the 1970s, he hypothesized that the mechanism of visual loss is due to paroxysmal constriction or spasm in either the central retinal artery or ophthalmic artery.

• #2 Retinal Migraine Vs. Migraine With Aura: What’s The Difference? | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/blog/2024/12/retinal-migraine

  All migraines, including retinal migraines, are neurological conditions, meaning they involve your brain and nervous system, says Dr. Kumar. […] Migraines happen when abnormal electrical signals fire on the brains surface. But with a retinal migraine, these signals only affect the back of your eye. Usually, this happens when the blood vessels in your retina become narrowed. […] If the electrical signals send abnormal messages, you may see lights and spots that arent actually there. […] Things that can cause a retinal migraine include: consuming caffeine or alcohol, dehydration, high blood pressure, hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills), hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), menstruation and hormonal shifts, smoking, and stress.

• #2 Migraine with aura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072

  There is evidence that the migraine aura is due to an electrical or chemical wave that moves across the brain. The part of the brain where the electrical or chemical wave spreads determines the type of symptoms you might experience. […] This electrical or chemical wave can occur in areas that process sensory signals, speech centers or centers that control movement. The most common type of aura is visual aura, which occurs when a wave of electrical activity spreads through the visual cortex and causes visual symptoms. […] Many of the same factors that trigger migraine can also trigger migraine with aura, including stress, bright lights, some foods and medications, too much or too little sleep, and menstruation.

• #2 Migraine: Medications, Symptoms, Types, Treatment & Causes

  https://www.medicinenet.com/migraine/article.htm

  Migraine headache is a result of specific changes within the brain. It causes severe head pain that is often accompanied by sensitivity to light, sound, or smells. […] While the specific cause of migraines is not known, changes in neurotransmitter levels within the brain are thought to influence migraine pain. Over the past several years, the impact of CGRP, or calcitonin gene-related protein, has been recognized. Although located throughout the body, this neuropeptide is involved in the dilation of the blood vessels of the brain, inflammation of brain tissues, and trigger of sensory receptors in the meninges (covering of the brain) during a migraine attack. […] The specific cause of migraines is not known, but there may be fluctuations in certain neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that send messages between brain cells. These changes may predispose some people to develop migraine headaches.

• #2 What Triggers an Ocular Migraine? Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/what_triggers_an_ocular_migraine/article_em.htm

  Harsh lighting, long screen time, other visual strain, stress, dehydration, food additives, and other causes all may trigger an ocular migraine, a subtype that focuses in the eye and causes vision changes. […] The term ocular migraine may also be used to refer to a retinal migraine, which is a form of migraine in which visual disturbances occur in just one eye before the headache phase of a migraine attack. […] The cause of ocular migraines is unknown but migraine auras are believed to result from abnormal electrical activity involving the outer surface (cortex) of the brain. […] Triggers for ocular migraine include: Visual triggers, Fluorescent or other harsh lighting, Extensive time spent staring at a screen, Driving long distances, Taxing visual activities, Certain food products and food additives, Monosodium glutamate (MSG), Processed meat containing nitrates, Aged or smoked cheese, Onions, Pickled products, Avocados, Dairy products, Nuts, Chocolate, Caffeine, Alcoholic beverages (in particular, red wine), Stress, Dehydration, High altitude, Low blood sugar.

• #2 Six Reasons for Ocular and Visual Migraines (Plus Treatment)

  https://www.miamicontactlens.com/ocular-and-visual-migraines/

  Ocular migraines have a genetic origin, but also that reduced blood flow to the eyes or spasms of blood vessels in the eye may cause them. […] Migraine auras are even more mysterious, with some experts indicating that they have something to do with electrical or chemical impulses in the brain. […] There are thought to be specific triggers that lead to ocular or visual migraines in people who are genetically predisposed to migraine headaches. […] Dehydration is one of the most common causes of migraine headaches and thus, of visual and ocular migraines. […] Stress is a common activator for migraines in people who experience them frequently. […] Some experts say that certain foods, particularly aged cheeses and especially salty dishes, can be migraine triggers. […] If you drink a lot of coffee or caffeinated beverages, that intake may make you more likely to regular migraines. […] Hormonal swings can trigger migraine headaches. Changes in estrogen levels caused by the regular menstrual cycle, as well as by pregnancy and menopause, often lead to chronic migraines for women.

• #2 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/EyeCareTips/comments/g0h5hz/retinal_migraine_causes_symptoms_and_more/

  The term retinal migraine is often misunderstood to mean any migraine that involves any visual symptoms or a migraine with visual symptoms but without the headache phase of the attack. […] According to the best retina specialists of Sohna road, retinal migraine is identified when repeated attacks of visual disturbances occur in only one eye before the headache phase of the migraine attack. […] Dr. Kapil Chopra from Chopras Eye and Dental Care clinic explains that retinal migraine is caused when the blood vessels to the eye suddenly start narrowing (constricting), reducing the blood flow to the eye. […] Medications that lead to swelling in blood vessels and regular use of painkillers for headaches can cause retinal migraines. […] Sensitivity to ingredients in specific foods is another cause of this eye disease.

• #2 Ocular Migraine (Retinal Migraine) | Your Eye Health

  https://www.guidedogs.org.uk/getting-support/information-and-advice/eye-health/ocular-migraine/

  Retinal migraine is a rare type of migraine that causes temporary full or partial loss of vision in one eye, usually the same eye each time. […] Retinal migraine can also cause a dull ache behind the eye and a migraine headache. […] Ocular migraines happen when the blood vessels in the eye suddenly narrow and blood flow to the retina at the back of the eye is reduced. […] If you get ocular migraines, you may find they are triggered by certain activities and environmental or lifestyle factors, for example: Stress and anxiety, Tiredness and lack of sleep, Hormone changes, Smoking, caffeine, and alcohol (especially red wine), High blood pressure, High altitude, Dehydration, Low blood sugar, Excessive heat, Bright or flashing lights, Strong scents, Foods that contain MSG (monosodium glutamate) and tyramine (aged cheese, salami, smoked fish, soy products). […] Retinal migraines can cause sudden vision loss in one eye, which, although unsettling, is usually short-lived.

• #2 Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Migraines – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Ophthalmologic_Manifestations_of_Migraines

  Migraine is a primary headache disorder commonly characterized by severe, unilateral (alternating hemicranias), throbbing pain with associated nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and preceding vs post-dromal aura. […] Migraine variants with neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms include aura without headache, basilar-type migraine, retinal migraine, and migraine with binocular blindness. […] Retinal migraine (retinal vasospasm) presents with typical migraine headache and a reversible monocular visual loss, scintillations, scotoma, or blindness. […] The etiology for migraine remains under study but some common mechanisms for the migraine headache pain have been proposed including irritation of the trigeminal nerve, meninges, and/or blood vessels. […] Possible dietary triggers of migraine include alcohol (especially red wine and beer), monosodium glutamate (MSG), caffeine, dairy products (aged cheeses, food preservatives), artificial sweeteners (such as aspartame) and chocolate.

• #2 Ocular & Retinal Migraines – Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.eyesolutions.in/blog/what-is-ocular-retinal-migrane-its-causes-symptoms-treatment-and-more/

  Here are the top five causes of ocular migraine: Stress: High anxiety levels are a common trigger for migraines, including ocular migraines. When you are stressed, your body releases hormones that can cause blood pressure and heart rate changes, affecting the blood flow to the brain. Lack of sleep: Lack of sleep can also trigger ocular migraines. When you get disturbed sleep, your body may release stress hormones, primarily cortisol, that can cause changes in blood flow and lead to a migraine. Its important to build a consistent sleep schedule in your daily life. Certain foods: Certain foods, such as chocolate, caffeine, and aged cheeses, can trigger ocular migraines. Other food triggers may include alcohol, processed meats, and foods with high levels of sodium or MSG. Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes can also trigger ocular migraines, especially in women. Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or menopause can cause changes in blood flow and lead to a migraine. Environmental factors: Environmental factors, such as bright or flashing lights, strong smells, or loud noises, can trigger ocular migraines in some people. Changes in the weather, such as temperature or barometric pressure, can also trigger migraines.

• #2 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine is a rare type of migraine that causes visual disturbances in only one eye before the headache comes on. […] We dont know how many people are affected by retinal migraine, but experts think that not everyone who has it reports it. If you have certain medical conditions, you may be more likely to have retinal migraine. Those include lupus, atherosclerosis, and sickle cell disease. […] Other conditions may cause temporary vision loss, such as amaurosis fugax, or transient vision loss (TVL). This is temporary blindness due to a lack of blood flow to the retina. This is sometimes called a stroke of the eye. […] Usually, loss of vision in just one eye isnt related to migraine. It may be a symptom of a more serious issue, such as a stroke about to happen. If you dont treat it, temporary vision loss due to retinal migraine could become permanent.

• #2 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments

  https://www.neurahealth.co/blog/retinal-migraine-symptoms-causes-and-treatments

  Retinal migraine, also referred to as „ocular migraine”, is a rare type of migraine that can cause visual symptoms in a single eye. […] The exact cause of retinal migraine remains unclear. However, there is some evidence that narrowing of blood vessels to the eye can play a role during these episodes. […] In addition, we do see similar triggers shared with those who experience migraine with aura – which may include low blood sugar, dehydration, high blood pressure, stress and more. […] Those who have a family history or who also are diagnosed with atherosclerosis, sickle cell anemia, and lupus may also be at a higher risk of developing retinal migraine.

• #2

  https://www.painscale.com/article/what-is-a-retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraines occur when the blood vessels leading to one eye narrow, reducing the blood flow to the eye. The exact cause of the constriction of the blood vessels is not known, but it may be related to changes in nerve cells spreading across the retina (the part of the eye that senses light). […] Like other migraines, retinal migraine attacks have various triggers, including the following: Stress, Hormone levels, Exercise, Dehydration, Low blood sugar, High altitudes, Excessive heat. […] Other health conditions that affect the blood vessels and eyes increase the risk of developing retinal migraines. Associated conditions include the following: Lupus, Atherosclerosis, Sickle cell disease, Epilepsy, Giant cell arteritis.

• #2 Ocular Migraine (Retinal Migraine) vs. Migraine Aura

  https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/ocular-migraine/overview-of-retinal-migraine/

  Possible triggers include: Stress, Dehydration, Smoking, Caffeine and caffeine withdrawal, Eye strain, Bright lights, Exercise, Hormonal changes, Contraceptive medication, Food and chemical sensitivity, High blood pressure, Low blood pressure. […] Retinal migraines are more common in people who have certain health conditions: Atherosclerosis, Lupus, Sickle cell disease. […] Retinal migraines are also more common in female young adults who also suffer from migraines with aura.

• #2 I have recurring retinal migraines that get severe. Why?

  https://www.icliniq.com/qa/retinal-degeneration/does-recurring-retinal-migraine-pose-a-severe-health-risk

  Your symptoms are consistent with the disease because you are a known patient of retinal headaches. The symptoms of retinal migraine are dizziness and headache. They are typically caused by vascular spasms in or around the eye. This is also accompanied by blurred or lost vision in that particular eye for about an hour. […] Retinal migraines are caused by a lack of sleep and severe stress, so try to sleep it off. […] If you also have high blood pressure (hypertension), this can be a significant trigger, and you should probably check to see if your medications are sufficient.

• #2 Retinal Migraine: What Is It?

  https://blog.themigrainereliefcenter.com/retinal-migraine-what-is-it

  Retinal migraines affect perhaps 1 in 200 migraine sufferers. Its rare and shouldnt be confused with migraine with aura or ocular migraines. […] While retinal migraines are not often seen, and other diseases and conditions can cause their symptoms, let’s unpack what we know about them, including diagnosis and treatment. […] There is no definite or known cause of retinal migraines and no way to predict who might develop them. They do have many of the same triggers as other migraines: Stress, High blood pressure, Smoking, Taking birth control pills, Dehydration, Low blood glucose, Exercise, High altitude, Bending over, Excessive heat, Caffeine withdrawal. […] Certain foods and beverages that trigger other types of migraines might cause a retinal migraine. […] Retinal migraines are more common in women, adults under 40, and people with a family or personal history of migraines or other headache conditions. Retinal migraines also affect people with certain underlying diseases, such as hardening of the arteries, sickle cell disease, epilepsy, lupus, giant cell arteritis, and antiphospholipid syndrome. […] Because they are rare, there is no definitive cause and few guidelines for treatment. […] You may be at increased risk of retinal migraines if you have an underlying condition like lupus. Smoking and taking birth control pills can also increase your risk.

• #2 Ocular Migraine Treatment NYC | Retinal Migraine Specialists in Downtown Manhattan

  https://www.myeyephysicians.com/eye-care/ocular-retinal-migraine/

  The exact cause of retinal migraines is unknown, but many researchers theorize that it may be related to blood flow issues involving the retina. Retinal migraines may be set off by the same things that trigger migraines. […] Examples of triggers include: Stress or anxiety, Dehydration, High blood pressure, Lack of sleep, Smoking, Hormonal changes, Low blood sugar, Exercise, Weather changes, High altitude, Strong odors. […] Certain foods can trigger migraines such as alcohol, artificial sweeteners and processed meats that contain nitrates. In some people, migraines are associated with caffeine withdrawal. Ocular migraines can affect people of all ages but are most common between the ages of 20 and 40.

• #2 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/live-copy/resource-library/retinal-migraine/

  Retinal migraine is a rare type of migraine that can cause visual symptoms in one eye. Most attacks are short-lived. Learn more about the symptoms, causes and treatment options for this disease. […] There is not a known definite cause of retinal migraine. It is set off by many of the same things as migraine with aura, such as: Stress, High blood pressure, Smoking, Birth control pills, Dehydration (not enough water in the system), Low blood sugar. […] The disease has visual disturbances in one eye only. If you experience twinkling lights in your right eye, vision in your left eye will be normal. In migraine with aura, visual symptoms are present in both eyes. […] Age is also a factor in the diagnosis of retinal migraine. „If an attack of a visual disturbance lasting less than an hour is experienced under the age of 50, by somebody who has no risk factors for other vascular disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, family history of stroke, heart disease,…then chances are overwhelming that it’s going to be retinal migraine,” Dr. Friedman says.

• #2 Optical Migraine: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Causes, and Treatment – Migraine Again

  https://www.migraineagain.com/optical-migraine/

  Uncommonly, there are cases of the phenomenon involving just one eye; in this case, we would use the term migraine with retinal aura. The reason being that the same spreading waves of activity that can happen in the brain to cause visual aura can also happen in the retina of one eye, triggering a retinal migraine attack. […] While it’s much less common than typical migraine with visual aura, migraine with retinal aura certainly can occur. […] Healthcare providers may have concerns about secondary causes when people experience any aura symptoms including visual symptoms. […] But it is nonetheless a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional to rule out other causes like a transient ischemic attack (TIA), retinal detachment, or an occlusion of one of the retinal arteries or veins, which could produce visual phenomena that are in some ways similar to retinal migraine symptoms.

• #2 1.2.4 Retinal migraine – ICHD-3

  https://ichd-3.org/1-migraine/1-2-migraine-with-aura/1-2-4-retinal-migraine/

  Repeated attacks of monocular visual disturbance, including scintillations, scotomata or blindness, associated with migraine headache. […] 1.2.4 Retinal migraine is an extremely rare cause of transient monocular visual loss. Cases of permanent monocular visual loss associated with migraine have been described. Appropriate investigations are required to exclude other causes of transient monocular blindness.

• #2 What is an Ocular Migraine? | Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://www.neovisioneyecenters.com/what-is-an-ocular-migraine/

  Retinal migraines are a much rarer type of ocular migraine that are estimated to affect only one in every 200 people (0.50%) who are prone to migraines. […] While there is no definite answer to what causes ocular migraines, some theories suggest that the visual symptoms may be caused by reduced blood flow to the retina or changes in the nerve cells that spread across the retina. […] Some researchers propose that genetic factors play a role in someones susceptibility to ocular migraines as well.

• #2 Ocular Migraine: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments, and Risks | MyMigraineTeam

  https://www.mymigraineteam.com/resources/ocular-migraines-causes-symptoms-treatments-and-risks

  Retinal migraine is characterized by visual symptoms in only one eye either right or left, and not both at the same time. The condition causes aura and more intense visual symptoms like temporary blindness. […] Retinal migraine usually occurs with a migraine headache or in people with a history of migraine. The condition is considered rare, but the medical community is still trying to determine exactly how rare. […] In retinal migraine, only one eye is affected at a time. This type of migraine is associated with a problem with blood vessels in the optic nerve or the eye itself, rather than the occipital cortex. A narrowing of blood flow in the central retinal artery may cause the condition. Some researchers also think that a spreading depression in neurons in the retina causes the condition. This phenomenon is similar to CSD but only affects the retina and not the entire brain.

• #3 Ocular Migraine: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24961-ocular-migraine

  Ocular migraine (also known as retinal migraine) is a condition that involves attacks of visual issues that affect one eye and migraine headaches. […] Researchers don’t know what exactly causes ocular migraines (retinal migraines), but they have theories. One of several theories is that it may be due to issues in blood vessels or blood flow that supports your retina. This issue in blood flow causes visual symptoms. Once your blood vessels relax, normal blood flow resumes and your sight returns. […] Researchers believe there’s also a genetic component to ocular migraines, as 50% of people who experience them have a family history of migraine headaches.

• #3 Retinal migraine | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine is caused by the blood vessels to the eye suddenly narrowing (constricting), reducing the blood flow to the eye. […] It may be triggered by: stress, smoking, high blood pressure, hormonal birth control pills, exercise, bending over, high altitude, dehydration, low blood sugar, heat. […] Afterward, the blood vessels relax, blood flow resumes and sight returns. Usually, there are no abnormalities within the eye and permanent damage to the eye is rare. […] Retinal migraine tends to be more common in: women, people aged under 40, people with a personal or family history of migraines or other headaches, people with an underlying disease, such as: lupus, atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis), sickle cell disease (sickle cell anaemia), epilepsy, antiphospholipid syndrome, giant cell arteritis.

• #3 What Is a Retinal Migraine? Common Triggers & Symptoms – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/what-is-a-retinal-migraine-common-triggers-symptoms

  Retinal migraine occurs due to the sudden narrowing or constriction of the arteries in the eye, causing reduced blood flow to the ocular tissues. […] Common triggers of a migraine episode include emotional stress, smoking, high blood pressure, bending over, hormonal birth control pills, dehydration, low blood sugar, strenuous physical activities, intense workout session, high altitude, and exposure to excessive heat. […] A retinal migraine usually does not cause any abnormalities in the eye. Also, permanent vision loss due to this condition is rare. […] A retinal migraine attack is most commonly found in people below 40 years of age, women, patients with a personal or family history of migraine and headaches, and patients with a pre-existing condition, such as central retinal artery occlusion, branch retinal artery occlusion, lupus, atherosclerosis, sickle cell anemia, epilepsy, antiphospholipid syndrome, and giant cell arteritis. […] Retinal migraines can increase the risk of conditions associated with reduced blood flow to the tissues of the eyes, causing visual disturbances.

• #3 Understanding Retinal Migraines

  https://www.salusuhealth.com/news/2024/07/understanding-retinal-migraines.html

  Retinal migraines share many of the same causes and triggers as migraines (with and without aura). These include stress, high blood pressure, smoking, contraceptive pills/hormonal changes, dehydration, low blood sugar, harsh lights or electronic screens, alcohol, changes in weather, skipping meals/undereating, too much or too little sleep, and other taxing visual activities. […] The American Migraine Foundation, says that the source of retinal migraines is similar to other migraine conditions in that they do not have a definitive root cause, though retinal migraines specifically may happen as a result of abnormal electrical activity around the retina, or a lack of blood flow to the retina.

• #3

  https://www.themigrainestopper.com/blogs/news/ocular-visual-and-retinal-migraines

  Common migraine „triggers” that can cause a person to have a migraine attack (including ocular and visual migraines) include certain foods, such as aged cheeses, caffeinated drinks, red wine, smoked meats, and chocolate. […] Other potential migraine triggers include cigarette smoke, perfumes and other strong odors, glaring or flickering lights, lack of sleep and emotional stress. […] There is a genetic link to migraine. A family history of migraine or ocular (retinal) migraine increases your chances of having them.

• #3 Migraine: Medications, Symptoms, Types, Treatment & Causes

  https://www.medicinenet.com/migraine/article.htm

  Calcitonin gene-related peptide is a neuropeptide, or protein, which is released when migraines occur. The release of this protein can cause inflammation of the blood vessels and sensory receptors of the brain and contributes to the pounding pain associated with migraines. […] Some people describe visual symptoms of loss of vision, which lasts for less than an hour, and may or may not be associated with head pain once the vision returns, as an ocular migraine. This is also known as retinal migraine and may be associated with symptoms similar to those described as an aura, such as blind spots, complete loss of vision in one eye, or flashing lights. Patients who experience these symptoms regularly need evaluation to exclude a primary retinal problem.

• #3

  https://www.leightons.co.uk/blog/eye-care/what-are-the-symptoms-for-eye-migraines

  Retinal migraines, also known as visual or ocular migraines, are a type of migraine that affect your eyes. They can cause temporary vision loss in one eye and might be accompanied by other eye symptoms such as blurry vision, sparkling lights, and blind spots alongside headaches or nausea. They are thought to occur when the blood vessels in your eye suddenly narrow, restricting the blood flow. […] Potential causes and triggers can include: stress, caffeine and alcohol, dehydration, smoking, high blood pressure, bending over, low blood sugar, some types of hormonal contraception. […] If you’re unsure of the specific cause of your retinal migraines, try keeping a record of when you get migraines in a diary to help you work out what might be causing them.

• #3 Ocular & Retinal Migraines – Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.eyesolutions.in/blog/what-is-ocular-retinal-migrane-its-causes-symptoms-treatment-and-more/

  Here are the top five causes of ocular migraine: Stress: High anxiety levels are a common trigger for migraines, including ocular migraines. When you are stressed, your body releases hormones that can cause blood pressure and heart rate changes, affecting the blood flow to the brain. Lack of sleep: Lack of sleep can also trigger ocular migraines. When you get disturbed sleep, your body may release stress hormones, primarily cortisol, that can cause changes in blood flow and lead to a migraine. Its important to build a consistent sleep schedule in your daily life. Certain foods: Certain foods, such as chocolate, caffeine, and aged cheeses, can trigger ocular migraines. Other food triggers may include alcohol, processed meats, and foods with high levels of sodium or MSG. Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes can also trigger ocular migraines, especially in women. Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or menopause can cause changes in blood flow and lead to a migraine. Environmental factors: Environmental factors, such as bright or flashing lights, strong smells, or loud noises, can trigger ocular migraines in some people. Changes in the weather, such as temperature or barometric pressure, can also trigger migraines.

• #3 What Triggers an Ocular Migraine? Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/what_triggers_an_ocular_migraine/article_em.htm

  Harsh lighting, long screen time, other visual strain, stress, dehydration, food additives, and other causes all may trigger an ocular migraine, a subtype that focuses in the eye and causes vision changes. […] The term ocular migraine may also be used to refer to a retinal migraine, which is a form of migraine in which visual disturbances occur in just one eye before the headache phase of a migraine attack. […] The cause of ocular migraines is unknown but migraine auras are believed to result from abnormal electrical activity involving the outer surface (cortex) of the brain. […] Triggers for ocular migraine include: Visual triggers, Fluorescent or other harsh lighting, Extensive time spent staring at a screen, Driving long distances, Taxing visual activities, Certain food products and food additives, Monosodium glutamate (MSG), Processed meat containing nitrates, Aged or smoked cheese, Onions, Pickled products, Avocados, Dairy products, Nuts, Chocolate, Caffeine, Alcoholic beverages (in particular, red wine), Stress, Dehydration, High altitude, Low blood sugar.

• #3

  https://www.painscale.com/article/what-is-a-retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraines occur when the blood vessels leading to one eye narrow, reducing the blood flow to the eye. The exact cause of the constriction of the blood vessels is not known, but it may be related to changes in nerve cells spreading across the retina (the part of the eye that senses light). […] Like other migraines, retinal migraine attacks have various triggers, including the following: Stress, Hormone levels, Exercise, Dehydration, Low blood sugar, High altitudes, Excessive heat. […] Other health conditions that affect the blood vessels and eyes increase the risk of developing retinal migraines. Associated conditions include the following: Lupus, Atherosclerosis, Sickle cell disease, Epilepsy, Giant cell arteritis.

• #3 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/live-copy/resource-library/retinal-migraine/

  Retinal migraine is a rare type of migraine that can cause visual symptoms in one eye. Most attacks are short-lived. Learn more about the symptoms, causes and treatment options for this disease. […] There is not a known definite cause of retinal migraine. It is set off by many of the same things as migraine with aura, such as: Stress, High blood pressure, Smoking, Birth control pills, Dehydration (not enough water in the system), Low blood sugar. […] The disease has visual disturbances in one eye only. If you experience twinkling lights in your right eye, vision in your left eye will be normal. In migraine with aura, visual symptoms are present in both eyes. […] Age is also a factor in the diagnosis of retinal migraine. „If an attack of a visual disturbance lasting less than an hour is experienced under the age of 50, by somebody who has no risk factors for other vascular disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, family history of stroke, heart disease,…then chances are overwhelming that it’s going to be retinal migraine,” Dr. Friedman says.

• #3 Retinal migraine | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine is usually characterized by attacks of fully reversible monocular visual loss associated with migraine headache. […] The underlying pathophysiology of retinal migraine remains largely unknown. […] Primary vascular dysregulation is associated with retinal vascular disease and is comorbid with migraine. […] Ischemia is the other mechanism commonly invoked to explain permanent monocular visual loss in the setting of migraine. […] Minor risk factors for vascular disease were identified in only a few patients with transient and permanent monocular visual loss. […] Retinal migraine is thought to be a rare disorder, but its true prevalence and incidence are unknown. […] Nearly 50% of patients with monocular visual loss had a history of migraine with conventional visual aura. […] The high number of patients with transient monocular visual loss who eventually develop permanent monocular visual loss makes retinal migraine a less benign condition than migraine with conventional visual aura.

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