Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Retinal Migraine Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507725/

  Ocular or retinal migraines are generally defined as a transient monocular scotoma or loss of vision that is accompanied or followed by a headache within 60 minutes of visual symptoms onset. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of retinal migraines and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for affected patients. […] Describe interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to advance care for patients with retinal migraines and improve outcomes. […] If the attacks are infrequent, such as one per month, then treatment is not necessary. When attacks are more frequent, first-line therapy starts with lifestyle changes that include avoiding dietary triggers such as alcohol and caffeine, controlling stressors like high blood pressure, and ceasing to smoke.

• #2 Retinal Migraine: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/migraine/retinal-migraines

  A retinal migraine is a type of migraine with aura that is rare and includes repeated bouts of short-lasting, diminished vision or blindness in one eye. […] Retinal migraine is not a sign of serious problems within the eye. Theres a small chance that reduced blood flow can damage the retina. If this happens, it can lead to long-term vision impairment. […] If retinal migraine isnt experienced frequently, doctors or optometrists may prescribe medications typically used to treat other forms of migraine. […] Additionally, doctors may look at your individual triggers and try to deal with them actively to prevent future episodes. […] An eye specialist may sometimes prescribe specific medications for a retinal migraine including a beta-blocker such as propranolol, an antidepressant such as amitriptyline, or an anticonvulsant such as valproate or topiramate. […] Typically, this type of migraine occurs once every few months. Episodes can occur more or less frequently than this. Either way, you should consult with an eye specialist if youve experienced the associated vision impairment.

• #3 Visual Migraines – Optometrists.org

  https://www.optometrists.org/general-practice-optometry/guide-to-eye-conditions/guide-to-blurry-vision-and-headaches/visual-migraines/

  Retinal migraines are rare, affecting 1 in 200 migraine sufferers. […] Retinal migraines should be suspected if repeated temporary blindness or vision loss occur in one eye. This occurs due to sudden changes in tiny blood vessels in the back of the eye, known as the retina which transfers visual signals to the brain. […] Retinal migraines can be an indication of a serious hidden health problem, retinal disease or other eye disease. These are considered a medical emergency. […] Retinal migraines may be caused by a more serious condition, such as retinal disease and should be treated immediately. […] Seek emergency medical care there is any type of sudden vision loss.

• #4 What’s an Ocular Migraine? | Advanced Family Eyecare

  https://www.afeyecare.com/whats-an-ocular-migraine/

  Retinal migraines are rare, affecting 1 in 200 migraine sufferers. […] Vision loss in one eye is always a sign that needs to be taken seriously and requires urgent medical care. […] If you suffer from ocular migraines, we at Advanced Family Eyecare can help you uncover what may be triggering your migraines and provide you with the most effective treatment plan. […] We can also discuss different lifestyle changes that could help you reduce or prevent bouts of ocular migraines, thereby improving your quality of life.

• #5 Ocular migraine: When to seek help

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/ocular-migraine/faq-20058113

  A retinal migraine is a rare condition that usually affects people who also have other symptoms of migraine. Retinal migraine involves repeated bouts of short-lasting partial vision loss, such as blind spots. These bouts may happen before or during the headache. […] A retinal migraine unlike a migraine with aura affects only one eye, not both. But usually vision changes that affect only one eye aren’t related to a retinal migraine. Vision changes in one eye can be caused by more-serious conditions that need treatment. […] See a healthcare professional right away if you have visual symptoms that haven’t been looked at before, such as: Visual changes in only one eye. Visual changes that last less than five minutes or more than 60 minutes. Visual changes without a headache. New headaches or new visual changes. Headaches or visual changes that begin after age 50. New weakness on one side of the body or speech changes. […] These symptoms may suggest a more serious cause of your visual symptoms and need medical attention.

• #6 Ocular Migraine (Retinal Migraine) vs. Migraine Aura

  https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/ocular-migraine/overview-of-retinal-migraine/

  Ocular migraine is another name for a retinal migraine. It’s a rare condition that can cause temporary blind spots, vision loss and flashes of light in one eye. These symptoms usually last one hour or less. […] Doctors can’t diagnose retinal migraines the same way they diagnose other problems. Instead, they diagnose them by ruling out other conditions that cause the same symptoms. […] Symptoms can include: A blurry or blind spot in your vision that may get bigger as the migraine goes on. Twinkling lights in your vision. Temporary blindness. […] Doctors are usually more concerned about a retinal migraine than a migraine with aura. It’s rare, but retinal migraines can sometimes lead to permanent vision loss in one eye. Get medical help if your symptoms last longer than an hour. […] An ocular (retinal) migraine episode is very hard to treat because it lasts such a short time. Drugs that treat migraine headaches usually don’t help retinal migraines. That’s why doctors usually focus on preventing them instead.

• #7 Migraine Variants: Overview, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142731-overview

  Retinal migraine (also called ophthalmic or ocular migraine) is a fairly common cause of transient monocular blindness in young adults. This disorder is manifested by recurrent attacks of unilateral visual disturbance or blindness lasting from minutes to 1 hour, associated with minimal or no headache. This phenomenon is frightening to patients, who usually seek medical help to exclude amaurosis fugax due to ischemia of the retinal arteries. […] Patients describe a gradual visual disturbance in a mosaic pattern of scotomata that gradually enlarge, producing total unilateral visual loss. Postural changes, exercise, and oral contraceptive agents may precipitate attacks. Rarely, when patients with retinal migraine are evaluated and examined during an attack of visual loss, optic pallor or narrowing of the retinal vessels can be seen.

• #8 Retinal Migraine Vs Ocular Migraine | OOMC

  https://oomc.com/blog/retinal-migraine-vs-ocular-migraine/

  Retinal migraines are a subset of ocular migraines that involve visual symptoms that start in only one eye. These visual disturbances take place before the pain of a migraine attack. […] The symptoms of a retinal migraine are often more distracting than an aura. Retinal migraine symptoms can include: Twinkling lights, Decreased vision, Temporary blindness. […] There are steps you and your doctor can take to prevent ocular and retinal migraines. These will depend on your specific needs and experiences. […] Your doctor will recommend treatment options. Many migraine treatment options include over-the-counter medication, like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and anti-nausea medications. […] Other options for treatment include resting your eyes when a migraine occurs. Many find it helpful to lie down in a dark room and avoid screens during a migraine.

• #9 Retinal Migraine: Should You Worry?

  https://bayareanuccacare.com/retinal-migraine-should-you-worry/

  Retinal migraine attacks, albeit scary, are short-lived. This means, your eyesight can go back to normal soon after the attack. An episode of a retinal migraine can last for about 10 to 20 minutes. But sometimes, it can linger for an hour. […] While the effects of a retinal migraine episode are temporary, there are risks you have to factor in. For example, you should be wary of partial or complete vision loss in one eye. If you experience this symptom, we urge you to seek a doctor to check if your symptom stems from retinal migraines or a more serious health problem like stroke. […] Yes, some activities should be put on hold when you start experiencing symptoms of retinal migraine. This is encouraged for your safety and everyone else around you. […] When you experience visual disturbances, you must wait until the symptoms have passed before you drive. If it happens on the road, make sure you pull over and stop as soon as possible. Your migraine chiropractor in Redwood City knows that your safety must be the priority every single time. It will help if you take time to pause and rest and avoid triggers such as bright lights until all the symptoms fade away.

• #10 What’s an Ocular Migraine? | Eye Vision Associates

  https://www.eyevisionassociates.com/whats-an-ocular-migraine/

  Retinal migraines are rare, affecting 1 in 200 migraine sufferers. […] Retinal migraines cause repeated temporary episodes of blindness in just one eye. Most people experiencing a retinal migraine report that their vision suddenly becomes very blurry, or that there is a partial or complete blackening out of their vision. These episodes can last anywhere from 5 to 20 minutes and can occur prior to or during a migraine headache. […] Vision loss in one eye is always a sign that needs to be taken seriously and requires urgent medical care. […] If you suffer from ocular migraines, we at Eye Vision Associates can help you uncover what may be triggering your migraines and provide you with the most effective treatment plan. […] If a binocular vision problem such as binocular visual dysfunction (BVD), convergence insufficiency (CI) or difficulties with focusing, eye tracking or eye teaming is causing your ocular migraines, we can devise a customized program of neuro-optometric rehabilitation to improve your visual function and treat your symptoms at their source. […] We can also discuss different lifestyle changes that could help you reduce or prevent bouts of ocular migraines, thereby improving your quality of life.

• #11 Ocular Migraine or Visual Migraine

  https://www.naturaleyecare.com/eye-conditions/ocular-migraines/?srsltid=AfmBOoq7G1Op9Ch8kePPDwNCeDzle9fkaBLb12n-9K0N299mA3PhQ7GR

  Retinal migraine usually occurs in one eye, and there may be an abnormal spread of electrical activity in the retina. The migraine may also be caused by the sudden constriction (spasm) or blockage behind, or in, an eye. It may occur with, or without, a throbbing headache at the side of the head. The patient may also simultaneously experience sensitivity to light or nausea. The temporary loss or distortion of vision in one eye makes it difficult to conduct close visual work and makes it dangerous to drive. This type of migraine is generally of short duration, an hour or less, and then vision returns to normal. However, some researchers have found that irreversible vision loss is also possible. […] Retinal migraines, on the other hand, have more potential for long-term vision loss. Either way, getting evaluated and monitored by your eye doctor is highly recommended to rule out other concerns.

• #12 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/retinal-migraine/

  Retinal migraine occurs during pregnancy, mainly in the first trimester. […] Self-treatment of the disease is strictly prohibited. […] To reduce the intensity of attacks and their frequency, strict adherence to the daily regimen is required, which takes into account all the features of the condition of the pregnant woman. […] Visual disturbances can lead to a loss of orientation in space; therefore, a woman must sit or lie down at the first signs of the onset of an attack. […] The earlier a pregnant woman seeks medical help when an ocular migraine appears, the higher the likelihood that pain attacks will not cause disorders in the child’s development. […] To determine the disease and diagnose ocular sick headaches, you must contact not only a neurologist but also an ophthalmologist.

• #13 What is an Ocular Migraine (And How Do You Treat it?)

  https://www.millcreekeye.com/what-is-an-ocular-migraine-and-how-do-you-treat-it/

  Retinal migraine symptoms tend to be more intrusive than migraine with aura. […] Retinal migraines can appear without a headache. […] For those who experience infrequent ocular migraine attacks, taking a medication that targets symptoms can be effective (NSAIDS, anti-nausea medication, etc). […] Preventative medication can also be prescribed for those with frequent migraine attacks. […] If you are experiencing any unusual visual symptoms or an increase in frequency or duration of symptoms, you should see an eye doctor right away to rule out any serious, vision threatening conditions.

• #14 Ocular Migraine: Symptoms, Differences, Auras

  https://www.healthline.com/health/migraine/ocular-migraine

  Retinal migraine is caused by reduced blood flow or blood vessel spasms in the area behind your eye. […] Retinal migraine develops from issues with blood flow behind the eye, and it causes visual disturbances that affect one eye only. […] Many people with ocular migraine just allow the episodes to pass on their own and don’t treat them with any medication. If you have an ocular migraine attack, the best thing to do may be to just get some rest while it runs its course. […] To prevent ocular migraine and migraine with aura, it also helps to identify your migraine triggers. Keep track of your migraine episodes and jot down a few notes on potential triggers. This can help you identify patterns over time. […] Managing migraine medically involves a combination of rescue treatments and preventive medications.

• #15 Migraine Variants: Overview, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142731-overview

  Retinal migraine is thought to result from transient vasospasm of the choroidal or retinal arteries. A history of recurrent attacks of transient monocular visual disturbance or blindness, with or without a headache and without other neurologic symptoms, is suggestive of retinal migraine. A personal or family history of migraine confirms the diagnosis. […] Ruling out eye disease or vascular causes, especially when risk factors for arteriosclerosis exist, is important. That is, the condition must be differentiated from ocular or vascular causes of transient monocular blindness, mainly carotid artery disease. […] Vasoconstrictive agents such as triptans and ergots should be avoided. Pharmacologic prophylaxis has only anecdotal support; when it is considered, calcium channel blockers are preferred.

• #16 Understanding Retinal Migraines

  https://www.salusuhealth.com/news/2024/07/understanding-retinal-migraines.html

  Retinal migraine refers to a type of migraine that involves visual disturbances in one eye, which may or may not be followed by a headache. […] Retinal migraines share many of the same causes and triggers as migraines (with and without aura). […] The American Migraine Foundation, says that the source of retinal migraines is similar to other migraine conditions in that they do not have a definitive root cause, though retinal migraines specifically may happen as a result of abnormal electrical activity around the retina, or a lack of blood flow to the retina. […] Most retinal migraines are short lived, though their frequency can vary from person to person. If occurring infrequently, it’s possible that no treatment may be necessary. However, it is recommended that anyone who experiences temporary vision loss or visual disturbances regardless of severity see an eye doctor immediately in order to rule out more serious underlying causes, such as strokes.

• #17 I have recurring retinal migraines that get severe. Why?

  https://www.icliniq.com/qa/retinal-degeneration/does-recurring-retinal-migraine-pose-a-severe-health-risk

  Your symptoms are consistent with the disease because you are a known patient of retinal headaches. The symptoms of retinal migraine are dizziness and headache. They are typically caused by vascular spasms in or around the eye. This is also accompanied by blurred or lost vision in that particular eye for about an hour. […] Retinal migraines are caused by a lack of sleep and severe stress, so try to sleep it off. I believe you will feel much better after adequate rest. […] If you also have high blood pressure (hypertension), this can be a significant trigger, and you should probably check to see if your medications are sufficient. […] Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid), Paracetamol (Acetaminophen), and Ibuprofen (Motrin) are some medications that can help with retinal migraines. […] Now, I do not think it is anything more serious, and you should not be too concerned about it because it could aggravate your migraine attacks. Still, despite adequate rest, you should consult an Ophthalmologist (a physician specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the eye) if you believe it is serious.

• #18 Retinal Migraine: Should You Worry?

  https://bayareanuccacare.com/retinal-migraine-should-you-worry/

  Physical activities and sports are great, but not if you suffer from retinal migraine. You may be at risk for trips, slips, or falls, resulting in other unwanted emergencies. It’s best to address your symptoms right away to enjoy these activities without worries. […] Staring at your screen for a long time can strain your eyes, and the bright lights can prompt an episode of retinal migraine. Therefore, regulating your screen time might be helpful so as not to trigger an attack. […] There’s a natural and effective way to deal with retinal migraine through upper cervical chiropractic care. Retinal migraine can also develop because of a head or neck trauma that causes your upper cervical spine to misalign. Hence, your spine and brainstem compensate for the damage from the trauma and affect your whole body. […] Advanced Spinal Care is the go-to practice of everyone who needs a trusted chiropractor in Redwood City. We specialize in providing neck misalignment corrections that can help ease your retinal migraine, leading to overall relief.

• #19 Current Perspective on Retinal Migraine

  https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5150/5/3/38

  Retinal migraine should be considered a diagnosis of exclusion, which requires other causes of transient monocular visual loss to be excluded. […] Given the few numbers of cases in the existing literature, evidence-based treatment options for retinal migraine are limited. […] Retinal migraine is a very rare cause of TMVL. Newer imaging modalities, such as OCT and OCT angiography, may in the future help provide better understanding and quantification of the retinal and vascular changes that have previously been reported. As retinal migraine is a diagnosis of exclusion, patients who present with TMVL need extensive work to exclude other causes of monocular vision loss. Future research in this distinct clinical entity is needed, as the term “retinal migraine” may be a misnomer that confuses clinicians and patients alike.

• #20 Retinal Migraine: What Is It?

  https://blog.themigrainereliefcenter.com/retinal-migraine-what-is-it

  Retinal migraines are rare and can be distinguished from migraine with aura easily because retinal migraine affects only one eye, not both. […] Your doctor diagnoses retinal migraine using your personal and family history and assessing your symptoms. Also, your healthcare provider will first rule out other causes of the visual disturbance, like stroke or eye disease. […] Medications typically used to treat or prevent other migraines can be helpful except for triptans or ergotamines, which are not recommended. […] You should visit your doctor for any visual disturbance, especially vision loss. If no other cause is found, a migraine specialist might be able to determine whether a retinal migraine is at fault.

• #21 Retinal Migraine: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/retinal-migraine/

  After pathologies of the visual system are excluded, an examination is carried out to identify structural changes in the brain. […] Atrial scotoma is not one of the diseases that can be permanently cured. […] The only way to cope with the disease is to reduce the risk of exacerbation through lifestyle adjustments and regular medication. […] In the acute period of atrial fibrillation, patients get prescribed remedies to relieve retinal migraine symptoms. […] Between attacks, ciliary scotoma is treated in situations where exacerbations occur more often than 2 times a month. […] With the onset of sick headache status a particularly acute attack of ocular migraine patients are hospitalized. […] Therapy continues until the retinal migraine symptoms are permanently eliminated. […] For the prevention of ocular migraine, it is important to have an active lifestyle, get enough sleep, establish a balanced diet, follow the daily routine, try not to overwork, avoid stress, quit smoking and do not abuse alcohol, and be more often in the forest and outside the city. […] Timely examination and treatment prescribed by doctors are mandatory prevention of the disease.

• #22 Managing Migraine Headache

  https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/article/managing-migraine-headache

  Retinal migraine, a form of migraine with aura, is a rare cause of transient monocular visual loss. It is characterized by repeated attacks of unilateral visual disturbances, including scintillations, scotomata or blindness, all associated with the headache. Researchers have noted cases of permanent monocular visual loss associated with retinal migraine.4 Appropriate investigations are required to exclude other causes of transient monocular blindness. […] A basic working knowledge of the common primary headaches is key to properly diagnosing patients with migraine. A comprehensive ophthalmic workup with ancillary testing such as threshold perimetry and cranial nerve evaluation can help the optometrist rule out more serious secondary headache syndromes. Having a game plan for managing these patients will ensure they get the relief they need. Comanaging migraine sufferers with neurologists and other headache specialists can confirm the diagnosis and provide a substantial number of acute and preventive treatment options that can improve the lives of our patients.

• #23 Migraine Visual Aura & Other Visual Phenomena

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2022-may/migraine-visual-aura-other-visual-phenomena

  The presentation of monocular scotoma, transient monocular total vision loss, or field defects followed by a migraine headache, describes a very rare reversible visual phenomena known as retinal migraine. To meet diagnostic guidelines, attacks must fulfill criteria for migraine with aura and the visual symptoms should be gradual, last 60 minutes or less, and be associated with headache at onset or within 1 hour. Patients can easily mistake visual field defects as monocular symptoms, however, and the monocular aura thus needs to be confirmed by having patients draw each monocular visual field or be examined during an attack. An aura diary to document frequency, duration, and characteristics can also help clarify visual symptoms. Importantly, there is clinical overlap of the presenting symptoms of retinal migraine and amaurosis fugax, which is a broad term describing vascular causes of transient monocular vision loss (eg, giant cell arteritis, retinal vasospasm, or retinal embolism). Because retinal migraine is a very rare cause of transient monocular visual impairment, further investigation and examination should be conducted, in patients without prior history of the condition, to rule out alternative causes, such as amaurosis fugax.

• #24 Retinal migraine | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/retinal-migraine

  Retinal migraine (ocular migraine) is an eye condition. It causes brief attacks of blindness or visual problems like flashing lights in one eye. These attacks can be frightening, but in most cases they’re harmless and short-lived. […] Retinal migraine is a separate condition. It shouldn’t be confused with headache-type migraine or migraine with aura, which usually affects the vision of both eyes. […] Treatment for retinal migraine usually just involves taking pain relief for any headaches and reducing exposure to anything that might be triggering the retinal migraine. […] Your doctor may sometimes prescribe preventative medication to try and reduce how often you get a migraine. Your doctor will discuss the best way to treat your symptoms with you. […] There is no one best way to treat retinal migraine. Your doctor may have to try several different medications to see what works best for you. […] There’s a small risk that the reduced blood flow may damage the thin layer at the back of the eye (the retina) and the blood vessels of the eye. […] This will be monitored in your follow-up appointments. Permanent vision loss is rare.

• #25 Retinal Migraine Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507725/

  It is important to avoid the use of triptans, ergots, and beta-blockers in migraines with transient vision loss secondary to the risk of potentiating vasoconstriction and increasing the risk of irreversible visual loss. […] Preventive therapy is important to reduce the frequency of attacks and severity and must be taken on a daily basis. […] The diagnosis of retinal migraine is one of exclusion and all other causes of vision loss should initially be considered. All members of the healthcare team should be vigilant and refer the patient for immediate and emergent assessment for stroke or other thromboembolic causes for their symptoms if the patient presents with visual loss or changes.

• #26 Retinal Migraines: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.shreeramkrishnanetralaya.com/blog/retinal-migraines-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Retinal migraine is an uncommon type of migraine. It is linked with headaches and short-term vision loss in one eye. It causes temporary visual changes in one eye like: […] There is no cure for retinal migraine. However, you can always manage it. It is recommended to take medications that treat headaches and avoid your triggers. If these aren’t effective, then you may be prescribed preventive medications. […] The sad part about retinal migraine and ocular migraine is the similarity of their symptoms with a stroke. This is why it becomes extremely important for you to discuss any sudden changes in your vision with your doctor. […] Furthermore, when it comes to retinal migraines, it is best to book an appointment visit a doctor at Shree Ramkrishna Netralaya for medicinal recommendations. Why are we saying this? Well, because taking certain migraine medicines, like beta blockers, may increase your risk of permanent vision loss.

• #27 Retinal migraine: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314917

  A retinal migraine involves repeated attacks of visual disturbances in one eye. These include flashing or sparkling lights, partial vision loss, or blindness. […] The United Kingdoms National Health Service (NHS) notes that treatment usually involves pain relief medications and trying to avoid triggers. […] Treatment typically involves pain medication to treat the migraine headache. A person should also try to avoid triggers to help prevent migraine from occurring. […] Prevention of retinal migraine is similar to prevention of regular migraine. It can include a combination of medication and lifestyle changes. […] People who experience visual disturbances due to retinal migraine may need to visit an ophthalmologist to check for eye damage or other underlying problems.

• #28 What Is a Retinal Migraine? Common Triggers & Symptoms – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/what-is-a-retinal-migraine-common-triggers-symptoms

  Retinal migraines can increase the risk of conditions associated with reduced blood flow to the tissues of the eyes, causing visual disturbances. […] Hence, your eyesight needs to be regularly monitored to assess the impact of retinal migraines on your eyes. Regular follow-up appointments with your eye specialist can ensure the damage to the retina and blood vessels is detected at an early stage, allowing you to receive timely medical interventions. […] Try lying down or sleeping in a dark room until the episode subsides. […] Avoiding things that can trigger migraines, such as caffeine, smoking, and alcohol.

• #29

  https://www.leightons.co.uk/blog/eye-care/what-are-the-symptoms-for-eye-migraines

  Retinal migraines, also known as visual or ocular migraines, are a type of migraine that affect your eyes. They can cause temporary vision loss in one eye and might be accompanied by other eye symptoms such as blurry vision, sparkling lights, and blind spots alongside headaches or nausea. […] Treatment for retinal migraines is not usually needed if you do not have them very often but if you do get them frequently, your doctor might suggest some treatments to help. […] If you have noticed that a particular food or activity makes your symptoms worse, you may need to consider reducing your exposure to help ease your migraines. Making lifestyle changes such as cutting down on the amount of caffeine or alcohol you consume might be recommended to help reduce your retinal migraines. […] You may be offered some medication to deal with the symptoms of your migraines such as painkillers (typically paracetamol and ibuprofen), anti-sickness medications if that is an issue for you, or medications that help to prevent migraines such as topiramate or amitriptyline.

• #30 What Is a Retinal Migraine? Common Triggers & Symptoms – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/what-is-a-retinal-migraine-common-triggers-symptoms

  A retinal migraine is a rare form of migraine that causes visual symptoms in one eye. […] Although the episodes of retinal migraine are usually short-lived, the symptoms can be frightening and trigger fear and anxiety. If not managed properly, retinal migraine can severely affect the quality of life of the patient by causing frequent episodes of temporary blindness or a visual disturbance. […] Retinal migraine treatment usually involves taking pain-relieving medications for headaches and reducing exposure to potential triggers. Identifying the triggers for retinal migraine can be difficult. […] Your doctor might also prescribe preventative medication to reduce the frequency of migraine attacks. […] It is important to note that triptans and ergotamines are not used to treat retinal migraines, as these drugs can worsen vision loss.

• #31 Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion in Retinal Migraine: A Case Repor

  https://www.longdom.org/open-access/branch-retinal-artery-occlusion-in-retinal-migraine-a-case-report-52646.html

  Permanent consequences of retinal migraine are rare. […] After being diagnosed with migraine, the patient in this case remains under neurological and ophthalmologic care. […] The therapeutic procedure in retinal migraine comes down to symptomatic treatment. […] In retinal migraine it is important to avoid the use of Triptans, ergots, and beta blockers in migraines with transient vision loss secondary to risk of potentiating vasoconstriction and increasing the risk of irreversible visual loss. […] The patient is still under ophthalmologic and neurological care.

• #32 Migraine with Aura: Symptoms, Visual Disturbances, and Management

  https://headacheaustralia.org.au/migraine-aura/

  Migraine with retinal aura causes fully reversible visual disturbances in one eye, such as shimmering or flickering of vision, blind spots, or blindness. In migraine with retinal aura, the visual symptoms typically only occur in one eye. […] The treatment and prevention methods for migraine aura are similar to migraine without aura. Your migraine management strategies will depend on the severity and frequency of your attacks. Some options include: […] Preventive treatments are used when migraine attacks begin to significantly disrupt your day-to-day life. Typically, this will be when you have four or more migraine days per month. In other cases, you may have fewer attacks, but when they occur they are so disabling that it warrants being on a preventive treatment. […] One preventive medication lamotrigine is recommended specifically for people with visual aura. Some research has also suggested that low-dose daily aspirin can help prevent migraine with aura.

• #33 What Are Ocular Migraines and How Are They Treated?

  https://www.carecredit.com/well-u/health-wellness/ocular-migraines/

  Ocular migraine is medically referred to as retinal migraine. Its a rare disorder that causes temporary vision disturbances in one eye. […] Because episodes don’t last long, treatment for ocular migraines is aimed at prevention rather than stopping an episode. […] Preventative measures and therapies are the same as those used to treat other types of migraines. […] Doctors usually recommend lifestyle changes to prevent ocular migraines before moving on to medical treatments. […] The following lifestyle changes may help prevent ocular migraines: Avoid dietary triggers, like alcohol and caffeine. […] Manage any preexisting medical conditions, such as high blood pressure. […] Several types of medications are used to treat ocular migraines. Your doctor may recommend one or a combination of these medications if lifestyle changes dont help: Aspirin, High blood pressure medications, Antidepressants, Anti-seizure drugs. […] BOTOX injections are another option that may be used to treat ocular migraines. […] Acupuncture is an alternative therapy that has been shown to reduce the frequency of migraines.

• #34 What Is an Ocular Migraine?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/ocular-migraine-overview-and-more-5205087

  A retinal migraine affects only one eye and can occur before or during a headache. The symptoms, which can be more serious than those for a migraine with aura, may include temporary blindness or decreased vision. […] If you experience a retinal migraine, its important to see an eye doctor, because, though rare, a retinal migraine can lead to permanent vision loss. […] If you have retinal migraines, avoid using triptans or ergots, as they can increase the risk of complications. Also, people with retinal migraine should stop hormonal birth control and stop smoking.

• #35 Ocular Migraine: Symptoms, Differences, Auras

  https://www.healthline.com/health/migraine/ocular-migraine

  Preventive treatments may include: antidepressants, antiepileptics medications (anticonvulsants), beta-blockers, CGRP monoclonal antibodies (Aimovig, Ajovy, Emgality), calcium channel blockers, tricyclic medications. […] Additionally, you may consider having rescue treatments on hand in case of a sudden, or acute migraine attack. Also called abortive treatments, options may include: triptans, CGRP antagonists (Ubrelvy, Nurtec ODT), ditans, Dihydroergotamine (DHE), ergot derivative drugs, which may help at early migraine stages, over-the-counter pain medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, anti-nausea medications.

• #36 CE Activity | Retinal Migraine Headache | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/40800

  Ocular or retinal migraines are generally defined as a transient monocular scotoma or loss of vision that is accompanied or followed by a headache within 60 minutes of visual symptoms onset. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and management of retinal migraines and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for affected patients. […] Review the treatment and management options available for retinal migraines. […] Describe interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to advance care for patients with retinal migraines and improve outcomes. […] StatPearls designates this activity for 1.00 ANCC contact hour(s). Nurses should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

• #37 Ocular Migraines – Optometrists.org

  https://www.optometrists.org/vision-therapy/neuro-optometry/vestibular-dysfunction/vision-dizziness-and-imbalance/ocular-migraines/

  Retinal migraines are episodes of repeated temporary vision loss or blindness in one eye. Retinal migraines can occur with a migraine headache or preceding the headache. Episodes can repeat throughout the day, and last from 5 to 20 minutes. […] Retinal migraines usually indicate a serious underlying health problem, and are considered a medical emergency. […] Seek emergency medical care if you experience a retinal migraine, or any type of vision loss.

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