Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Odontogenic Tumors of the Jaws – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK572116/

  The incidence of odontogenic tumors varies significantly between different geographical regions. For example, while they represent 1% of all oral pathologies in North America, this figure has been reported as high as 19% in African nations. […] Understanding the etiology of odontogenic tumors went through many phases. Initially, it was thought to be related to trauma, nutritional deficiencies, and chronic irritation from dental caries. This concept changed over time as studies have shown that odontogenic tumors express proteins similar to the developing tooth-like cytokeratin and vimentin. […] The majority of ameloblastic carcinoma cases arise de novo and less commonly arise from pre-existing ameloblastoma. It is a rare tumor that represents less than 1% of all odontogenic tumors. […] The most common presentations of all malignant tumors are progressive painful swelling of the jaw along with tooth loosening, paresthesia (involvement of the inferior alveolar nerve), and cervical lymph node metastases. Distant metastases are uncommon.

• #1 Epidemiological Features of 4777 Cysts and Odontogenic Tumors Based on the 2022 WHO Classification – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39370695/

  Objective: The epidemiology of cysts and odontogenic tumors is important for differential diagnosis and treatment strategies. We aimed to describe the epidemiological features of cysts and odontogenic tumors in the Chilean population using the current WHO classification. […] Results: 4226 (18.4%) were cysts, and 551 (2.4%) were odontogenic tumors, ranging from 2 to 97 years old. Males represented 54.4% and females 45.7% of the total sample. The most prevalent cysts were radicular cysts (58.6%), dentigerous cysts (17.9%), and odontogenic keratocysts (13.3%). The most prevalent odontogenic tumors were odontomas (40.1%) and conventional ameloblastoma (17.6%). […] Conclusions: Our study was the first retrospective analysis to determine the epidemiological features of both cysts and odontogenic tumors together, based on the 2022 WHO classification. This is relevant as it offers a potential basis for comprehensive comparisons of the epidemiological features of these entities, which could contribute to an accurate differential diagnosis, therefore, leading to more effective therapeutic interventions.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/cmj/fulltext/2024/05050/epidemiological_analysis_of_the_clinicopathologic.16.aspx

  The jaw cyst is one of the most common benign tumors in the oral and maxillofacial region. […] However, there are no clinicopathological studies of odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts in a large Chinese population in relation to the latest WHO classification. Furthermore, few epidemiological studies have analyzed treatment plans and the possible postoperative complications of jaw cysts. Consequently, this study aimed to perform a detailed and extended epidemiological analysis of jaw cysts in a large population in West China. […] Throughout the 6 years, a total of 2307 patients were included in this study: 1383 males (59.95%) and 924 females (40.05%) with ages ranging from 0 to 89 years. […] Non-odontogenic cysts represented 2.61% (69/2648) of all jaw cysts in our study. […] Treatment of jaw cysts remains controversial. In our study, we compared the different surgical treatment procedures for treating jaw cysts in relation to the recurrence rate. Recurrence was found in 32 of 2103 cases (1.52%) of primary cystic lesions.

• #1

  https://jduhs.com/index.php/jduhs/article/view/1559

  Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the relative incidence of odontogenic cysts and tumors in Karachi-Pakistan. […] The incidence of the odontogenic cyst was 1.6% and 2.35% for the tumors. […] The cysts (61%) and tumors (63.1) were both more prevalent in males. […] Knowledge of the biological and histological behavior of odontogenic cysts and their frequency are key aspects for ensuring early detection and adequate treatment.

• #1 SciELO Brazil – Epidemiological evaluation of jaw cysts according to the new WHO classification: a 30-year retrospective analysis Epidemiological evaluation of jaw cysts according to the new WHO classification: a 30-year retrospective analysis

  https://www.scielo.br/j/bor/a/F8D9JrT9JCvQ8qZRJjYzrgf/?lang=en

  The aim of the present study was to analyze the epidemiology of maxillofacial odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts diagnosed for 30 years in a Brazilian population. A total of 6.994 biopsy records were evaluated, but only 367 (5.24%) cases were classified as odontogenic cysts (OC) or non-odontogenic cysts (NOC). Among all cystic lesions, 341 cases (92.9%) were OC and 26 cases (7.1%) were NOC. These lesions were more common in females (n = 208 / 56.67%) and located mostly in the mandible (n = 195 / 53.1%). The OCs were more prevalent than NOCs, and inflammatory cysts were the most common among all the OCs. […] Cystic lesions are most commonly found in the jaw than in any other bone, and are a frequent cause of swelling in the jaw region. Accurate data from epidemiological studies are essential for the elaboration of disease treatment and prevention strategies for a certain population. The determination of risk groups can help direct health and disease prevention actions with greater precision.

• #1 Frequency of jaw pathologic lesions related to impacted teeth in Isfahan Dental School, Iran

  http://johoe.kmu.ac.ir/article_91749.html

  The impacted teeth are an important matter in dental science and one of the most common reasons of surgery in dental offices. Impacted teeth may lead to decay, pulp and periodontal disease, root resorption of adjacent teeth, and odontogenic cysts and tumors. […] Out of 11964 cases in the 30-year period, 576 cases (4.81%) were related to impacted teeth lesions. The highest frequency of pathologic lesions accompanied with impacted teeth was dentigerous cyst (76.6%) and the lowest frequency was related to ameloblastic fibroodontoma (0.2%). The most common odontogenic tumors were odontoma (6.6%) and ameloblastoma (1.6%), respectively. […] Although the frequency of odontogenic lesions with impacted teeth was low, many patients did not have any sign or symptom. Therefore, clinical assessment and follow-up are not sufficient and radiographic and clinicopathological analysis is necessary for correct diagnosis and treatment.

• #1 Cysts of the jaws – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cysts_of_the_jaws

  Cysts of the jaws are cysts pathological epithelial-lined cavities filled with fluid or soft material occurring on the bones of the jaws, the mandible and maxilla. Those are the bones with the highest prevalence of cysts in the human body, due to the abundant amount of epithelial remnants that can be left in the bones of the jaws. […] Jaw cysts affect around 3.5% of the population. They are more common in males than females at a ratio of 1.6:1 and most people get them between their 40s and 60s. The order of the jaw cysts from most common to least common is; radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, residual cysts and odontogenic keratocysts. Radicular lesions are most commonly found in the anterior region of the maxilla usually around the canines. The majority of cysts are of inflammatory origin. They are most commonly found in the posterior mandible.

• #1 Nuface – Cyst and Tumor of Jaw and Face

  https://cleftsurgerymumbai.in/cyst-and-tumour-of-jaw

  Around 10% of people develop abnormal masses in their jaws. These abnormal lesions are often found around impacted third molars that were never removed. Others occur spontaneously, or are caused by inflammation or genetics. While usually benign, they can invade the surrounding jaw leading to bony destruction and displacement of the teeth. […] Cystic jaw lesions tend to grow very slowly and in many patients, they are asymptomatic (i.e. they do not cause any noticeable symptoms). Due to this nature, they are mostly found incidentally when radiographic imaging is conducted for another unrelated dental or head and neck pathology. However, if the cysts become infected then they may evolve into painful entities. […] Abnormal jaw masses (Tumors) are often slow growing and painless. They result in gradual destruction of the bone and expansion and weakening of your jaw. Over time the mass can displace or loosen your teeth, resulting in changes to your bite. Other jaw masses are fast growing and can result in pain and swelling. The nerves in your jaw can be compressed resulting in numbness to your lips, gums, or teeth.

• #1 Odontogenic Keratocyst Pathology: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1731868-overview

  Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) account for approximately 3-11% of all cysts in the jaws. They occur in all ages, with a peak incidence in the second and fourth decades of life, with the youngest patient reported at age 5 years. The mean age of patients with multiple odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), with or without NBCCS, is younger than those with single nonrecurrent OKCs. […] Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is predominantly a disease of white individuals, primarily Northern Europeans, and there is a reported male-to-female ratio of 1.6:1, although Chirapathomsakul et al reported that OKCs are slightly more common in women than men. Peripheral odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) have a female predominance with a female-to-male ratio of 2.2:1.

• #1 Pathology Outlines – Epidermoid / epidermal inclusion cyst

  https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/skintumornonmelanocytickeratinouscystepidermal.html

  Most common cutaneous cyst (Int J Dermatol 2020;59:457) […] M:F = 2:1 (StatPearls: Epidermoid Cyst [Accessed 24 September 2024]) […] Adults 20 – 40 years old predominantly affected (StatPearls: Epidermoid Cyst [Accessed 24 September 2024])

• #1 Dentigerous cyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/dentigerous-cyst?lang=us

  Dentigerous cysts are the second most common odontogenic cysts after those related to the roots of the teeth (periapical cysts) 3. They usually present in the 2nd to 4th decades of life and are uncommonly seen in childhood because they almost exclusively occur in secondary dentition 1-3. […] Dentigerous cysts are usually solitary. However, multiple cysts are recognized to occur in association with syndromes such as mucopolysaccharidoses and basal cell nevus syndrome 7.

• #1 Clinical analysis of 1,038 cases of odontogenic jawbone cysts | BMC Oral Health | Full Text

  https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-024-05167-9

  This study aims to analyse the clinical characteristics of different types of odontogenic jawbone cysts (OJCs) and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and clinical treatment. […] According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of OJCs in 2022, the highest incidence rate was observed for radicular cysts (RCs), accounting for 58.96% of the total number of cases, followed by dentigerous cysts (DCs), accounting for approximately 23.22% of cases. […] OJCs are more common in males than in females, and a statistically significant difference is observed in the most prevalent types of cysts occurring at different ages and in various regions of the jawbone (p<0.05). [...] The special anatomy of the oral and maxillofacial region and the complexity of the embryonic development process leads to the occurrence of cysts in the oral and maxillofacial region, with the jawbone being the most prevalent site for cysts in the human skeleton.

• #1 Prevalence and Distribution of Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors in North Indian Population: A Database Study with Systematic Review

  http://www.fortunejournals.com/articles/prevalence-and-distribution-of-odontogenic-cysts-and-tumors-in-north-indian-population-a-database-study-with-systematic-review.html

  Odontogenic cysts and tumors comprise an unusually sundry group of lesions. Despite the vast number of cases, studies on odontogenic cysts and tumors are relatively less in the literature and information regarding the demographic profile of these lesions in different populations is scarce. […] Out of the total 893 patients, 3.6% of odontogenic cysts and 6.2% of odontogenic tumors were seen. The most common site was the posterior mandible. Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the most common odontogenic cyst in our study with a mean prevalence of 60.61%. Dentigerous cyst (DC) ranks second amongst all the odontogenic cysts in this study showing mean prevalence of 12.12%. […] Ameloblastoma is found to be the most prevalent odontogenic tumor with the mean prevalence of 51.79%. The peak prevalence was seen in 2nd to 4th decade. A female preponderance was found which was consistent with various studies. […] Due to low frequency of odontogenic lesions, only few literatures demonstrate the epidemiological data of odontogenic cysts and tumors. The comparative existence of these cysts and tumors can be scrutinized at a worldwide level to comprehend their prevalence and distribution.

• #1 SciELO Brazil – Epidemiological evaluation of jaw cysts according to the new WHO classification: a 30-year retrospective analysis Epidemiological evaluation of jaw cysts according to the new WHO classification: a 30-year retrospective analysis

  https://www.scielo.br/j/bor/a/F8D9JrT9JCvQ8qZRJjYzrgf/?lang=en

  The location of a lesion is a relevant diagnostic factor for complex cases that require a differential diagnosis. In the population of this study, the mandible was a slightly more frequent location (n = 195/ 53.13%) for OC and NOC, in agreement with several previous evaluations. Several authors cited the RC as the most frequent group of inflammatory odontogenic cystic lesions, including in Brazilian populations, corroborating the results of this study, where 36.5% were RC lesions. […] The new WHO classification of cystic lesions did not impact the diagnosis or the epidemiological profile of these lesions in a Brazilian population sample. The results with the new classification were similar to several previous studies in Brazilians populations. The OCs were more prevalent than NOCs and inflammatory cysts are the most common OCs.

• #1 Odontogenic keratocyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/odontogenic-keratocyst?lang=us

  Odontogenic keratocysts predominantly occur in younger patients (2nd to 3rd decades) and may be seen in either the body or ramus of the mandible (~70% of all odontogenic keratocysts) or maxilla, comprising 5-10% of all jaw cysts. There may be a male predilection. […] They are locally aggressive. Treatment is often with marsupialization/enucleation/excision +/- aggressive curettage. However, they can have a very high recurrence rate (30-60%), and follow-up is essential.

• #1 Nuface – Cyst and Tumor of Jaw and Face

  https://cleftsurgerymumbai.in/cyst-and-tumour-of-jaw

  Treatment will ultimately depend on what type of cyst or tumor that you have. Some lesions are fast growing and aggressive and require bigger surgery to make sure the abnormal cells dont grow back. Other lesions are noninvasive and can be simply removed. Different surgical treatments may include: Excision (Enucleation), Frozen section biopsy, Marsupialization, Resection (Partial mandibulectomy or maxillectomy). […] The odontogenic keratocyst has a number of 'compartments’ and has connecting smaller cysts that extend into the surrounding bone. Because of this, there is frequent tendency for the condition to recur, particularly if the original surgical treatment did not result in complete removal of the cyst. […] Long-term follow-up with monitoring by X-ray is important, as if these cysts are left untreated, they can become quite large and locally destructive.

• #1 Jaw tumors and cysts // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/jaw-tumors-and-cysts

  Jaw tumors and cysts are relatively rare growths or lesions that develop in the jawbone or the soft tissues in the mouth and face. […] Treatment options for jaw tumors and cysts vary, depending on the type of growth or lesion you have, the stage of growth, and your symptoms. […] Many times, jaw cysts and tumors do not have symptoms and are typically discovered on routine screening X-rays done for other reasons. […] Generally, the cause of jaw tumors and cysts is not known; however, some are associated with gene changes (mutations) or genetic syndromes. […] Treatment options for jaw tumors and cysts vary, depending on the type of lesion you have, the lesion’s stage of growth and your symptoms. […] Long-term follow-up exams after treatment can address any recurrence of jaw tumors and cysts. Identifying recurrence early is important so they can be treated appropriately.

• #1 Jaw tumors and cysts – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/jaw-tumors-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20350973

  Jaw tumors and cysts are relatively rare growths or lesions that develop in the jawbone or the soft tissues in the mouth and face. Jaw tumors and cysts sometimes referred to as odontogenic or nonodontogenic, depending on their origin can vary greatly in size and severity. These growths are usually noncancerous (benign), but they can be aggressive and expand, displace or destroy the surrounding bone, tissue and teeth. […] Treatment options for jaw tumors and cysts vary, depending on the type of growth or lesion you have, the stage of growth, and your symptoms. Mouth, jaw and face (oral and maxillofacial) surgeons can treat your jaw tumor or cyst usually by surgery, or in some cases, by medical therapy or a combination of surgery and medical therapy. […] Many times, jaw cysts and tumors do not have symptoms and are typically discovered on routine screening X-rays done for other reasons. If you are diagnosed with or suspected of having a jaw tumor or cyst, your primary care provider can refer you to a specialist for diagnosis and treatment.

• #1 Deep learning based diagnosis for cysts and tumors of jaw with massive healthy samples | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-05913-5

  Odontogenic cysts and tumors of the jaw are the second most common disease after tooth impaction in the oral and maxillofacial areas. The cysts and tumors of the jaw are usually painless and asymptomatic unless they grow so large as to involve the entire jawbone, causing noticeable swelling or weakening it to cause pathologic fractures. Those manifested symptoms pose a severe threat to patient life quality. The majority of these cyst and tumor lesions can be identified at an earlier stage through a routine radiographic exam called the panoramic radiograph or orthopantomogram. The treatment modalities for different types of cysts and tumors are different. Keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs), like other cystic lesions, are usually enucleated without radical jaw segmentation. Ameloblastomas (ABs), on the other hand, require more radical surgical removal than KCOTs, which drastically affects patients lives, causing facial deformity and subsequent social and emotional incompetence.

• #1 Nuface – Cyst and Tumor of Jaw and Face

  https://cleftsurgerymumbai.in/cyst-and-tumour-of-jaw

  Jaw cysts and Tumors grow very slowly and in the vast majority of cases patients do not have any symptoms. They are often discovered as an incidental finding when x-rays are taken to look for other things. But, if the cyst becomes infected they can become painful. […] To gather more information about your jaw tumor or cyst, your doctor may recommend tests prior to treatment. These test may include: Imaging studies, such as X-ray, CT scan, CBCT or MRI; A biopsy to remove a sample of tumor or cyst cells for laboratory analysis. […] The initial consultation is a chance for our providers to get to know you and your concerns, perform a physical exam, and obtain any necessary x-rays. Identification of the abnormal tissue is important to guide surgical treatment. Initially a biopsy will be done and once the lesion has been identified, our surgeons will then recommend the best treatment to remove the complete lesion with the lowest chance of reoccurrence.

• #1 Jaw Cyst Treatment West Palm Beach | Jaw Tumor Surgery in West Palm Beach | AQ Surgery

  https://aqsurgery.com/conditions/jaw-cysts-and-tumors/

  Jaw cysts and tumors can be concerning for patients experiencing swelling, discomfort, or difficulty chewing. While many cysts and tumors are benign, some can be more aggressive, potentially damaging surrounding tissues, bones, and teeth. […] Jaw cysts and tumors are abnormal growths that can form in the bones or soft tissues of the jaw. While cysts are sac-like structures filled with fluid, tumors are solid masses that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). […] Jaw cysts and tumors are often detected during routine dental exams or imaging studies like X-rays or CT scans before they cause noticeable symptoms. Regular dental visits are essential for early detection and treatment. […] Early intervention helps prevent these issues, ensuring the best possible outcome. […] For malignant tumors, early detection and treatment are critical for improving survival rates and preventing the spread of cancer to other areas of the body.

• #1 Emulating Clinical Diagnostic Reasoning for Jaw Cysts with Machine Learning

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/8/1968

  Jaw cysts are highly prevalent yet frequently asymptomatic; thus, they often remain undiagnosed until their dimensions require radical surgery. […] While jaw cysts are identifiable at an early stage on panoramic radiographs (i.e., orthopantomograms, OPGs), in practice, they are usually incidental findings. […] Supporting the radiological diagnosis of jaw cysts has thus been a focus of artificial intelligence research in oral medicine. […] We hypothesized that clinical diagnostic reasoning can be emulated by using machine learning to individually replicate each step: first detecting a cystic lesion, then recognizing neighboring anatomical structures and their proximity to or overlap with the lesion, and finally using these as contextual information to establish a preliminary classification.

• #1 Deep learning based diagnosis for cysts and tumors of jaw with massive healthy samples | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-05913-5

  The proposed method showed encouraging performance in the diagnosis of cysts and tumors of the jaw. The classified categories and segmented lesion areas serve as the diagnostic basis for further diagnosis, which provides a reliable tool for diagnosing jaw tumors and cysts. […] The proposed framework is composed of two parts: a self-supervised network and a two-branch network. The self-supervised network is adopted to learn basic knowledge from massive healthy samples. Then, the knowledge of the self-supervised network is used in the two-branch network by replacing the encoder of the two-branch network with the pretrained encoder of the self-supervised network. For improving the reliability and explainability of diagnosis results, the two-branch network is devised to be composed of a classification sub-branch and segmentation sub-branch. The segmentation sub-branch will predict the lesion area, which can serve as the diagnosis reference for dentists and oral surgeons to diagnose the jaw tumors and cysts further.

• #1 Deep learning based diagnosis for cysts and tumors of jaw with massive healthy samples | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-05913-5

  In total, the binary classification achieves about 510% improvement than the five-class classification. We find that most misclassified lesion samples are classified into other kinds of lesions through statistics of misclassified samples. The tumors and cysts are easily misclassified, which is consistent with the clinical diagnosis. Odontogenic tumors and cysts do not reveal their distinct radiological characteristics until they reach a certain size. Early radiological appearances of odontogenic cysts and tumors are so indistinguishable from each other that even experienced oral and maxillofacial specialists are unable to guarantee their diagnosis results. […] Overall, with massive healthy samples, the two-branch network achieves promising results for diagnosing cysts and tumors of the jaw. Except for the predicted categories, the two-branch network provides the segmentation results of lesion samples, which significantly improves the reliability and explainability of results predicted by deep learning-based methods.

• #1 Emulating Clinical Diagnostic Reasoning for Jaw Cysts with Machine Learning

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/8/1968

  Our object detection model achieved an average precision of 0.42 and an average recall of 0.39. […] Our classification model achieved a sensitivity of 0.84 for odontogenic cysts and 0.56 for non-odontogenic cysts as well as a specificity of 0.59 for odontogenic cysts and 0.84 for non-odontogenic cysts. […] Comparing our results to an international human control group of ten dental professionals, we found that the human control group achieved a sensitivity of 0.70 for odontogenic cysts, 0.44 for non-odontogenic cysts, and 0.56 for OPGs without cysts as well as a specificity of 0.62 for odontogenic cysts, 0.95 for non-odontogenic cysts, and 0.76 for OPGs without cysts. […] Taken together, the results support the plausibility of our approach in emulating clinical diagnostic reasoning in detecting and classifying jaw cysts.

• #1 Clinical analysis of 1,038 cases of odontogenic jawbone cysts | BMC Oral Health | Full Text

  https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-024-05167-9

  According to the 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of odontogenic jawbone cysts (OJCs), these lesions can be categorised into radicular cysts (RCs), odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), dentigerous cysts (DCs), calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs), lateral periodontal cysts (LPCs), and inflammatory collateral cysts (ICCs). […] Our statistical analysis revealed 955 cases of solitary OJCs. Statistical analysis of the prevalent cysts in each region revealed a significant difference in the distribution of cyst types (p<0.05). [...] The recurrence rate after curettage of OJCs in our group was relatively low, much lower than the recurrence rate reported by Gonalves et al. for curettage. [...] In summary, the prevalent types of OJCs differ in terms of sex, age group and jaw region, and these characteristics are fundamental for the early diagnosis and personalised treatment of OJCs.

• #1 Dentigerous Cysts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/what-are-dentigerous-cysts

  Dentigerous cysts are a common type of odontogenic cysts. An odontogenic cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops in the jaw bone over a tooth that hasn’t erupted yet. The cysts, in most cases, affect the molars or canines, and they’re second in prevalence after periapical cysts. These are cystic lesions that result from an infection in a tooth. […] Although dentigerous cysts are mild, they can lead to severe complications if left untreated. […] Generally, odontogenic tumors and cysts emanate from cells and tissues involved in normal tooth development. Most are closely linked to genetic syndromes. […] If you have nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, your body lacks a gene responsible for the suppression of tumors. […] Lifelong follow-ups after any treatment are crucial in addressing any arising concerns. Monitoring also reduces the chances that a cyst will reappear.

• #1 Jaw tumors and cysts | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/jaw-tumors-and-cysts

  Treatment options for jaw tumors and cysts vary, depending on the type of lesion you have, the lesion’s stage of growth and your symptoms. […] Long-term follow-up exams after treatment can address any recurrence of jaw tumors and cysts. Identifying recurrence early is important so they can be treated appropriately.

• #1 Jaw Tumor Surgery – University of Maryland, Baltimore

  https://www.dental.umaryland.edu/oms/what-we-do/services-we-provide/jaw-tumor-surgery/

  Some jaw tumors can be associated with systemic conditions ie. […] Giant cell tumors and parathyroid disease. […] Keratocysts of the jaws and basal cell nevus syndrome. […] Following treatment of such diseases, the UMOMSA team will continue to follow patients closely to watch for any signs of recurrence with clinical exam and various radiographic imaging techniques (orthopantomogram and CT scan).

• #1 Jaw tumors and cysts – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/jaw-tumors-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20350973

  Generally, the cause of jaw tumors and cysts is not known; however, some are associated with gene changes (mutations) or genetic syndromes. […] People with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, also called Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, lack a gene that suppresses tumors. The genetic mutation that causes the syndrome is inherited. This syndrome results in the development of multiple odontogenic keratocysts within the jaws, multiple basal cell skin cancers and other characteristics.

• #1 Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hyperparathyroidism-jaw-tumor-syndrome/

  Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome is a condition characterized by overactivity of the parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism). […] People with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome may also have a type of benign tumor called a fibroma in the jaw. Even though jaw tumors are specified in the name of this condition, it is estimated that only 11 to 40 percent of affected individuals have this symptom. […] Regular medical screening may assist in the early detection of the features of hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome. […] The exact prevalence of hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome is unknown. Approximately 200 cases have been reported in the medical literature. […] It is estimated that up to 30 percent of individuals with parathyroid carcinoma have hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome.

• #1 Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hyperparathyroidism-jaw-tumor-syndrome/

  Other tumors, both benign and cancerous, are often seen in people with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome. For example, tumors of the uterus occur in up to 50 percent of people with this condition. […] The kidneys are affected in about 20 percent of people with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome. Benign kidney cysts are the most common kidney feature, but a rare cancerous tumor called Wilms tumor and other types of kidney tumor have also been found.

• #1 Dealing with a Cyst or Tumor? When to See an Oral Surgeon

  https://www.tsorthodontics.com/dealing-with-cyst-tumor-your-mouth-when-see-oral-surgeon/

  A general dentist can diagnose minor oral issues, but when it comes to cysts or tumors, an oral surgeon has the specialized training needed for accurate diagnosis and treatment. […] Treatment depends on the type, size, and location of the cyst or tumor. […] Early detection and treatment of oral cysts and tumors can prevent serious complications, including jawbone damage or fractures, infection or abscess formation, difficulty with chewing and speaking, and spread of cancerous tumors. […] The American Dental Association (ADA) emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis in preventing serious oral health issues.

• #1 Dentigerous Cysts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/what-are-dentigerous-cysts

  Even with a small dentigerous cyst, having it removed can prevent future complications. Leaving it untreated can lead to: […] Ameloblastoma or jaw tumor: These are rare tumors that mainly affect the jaw near the molars or wisdom teeth. They arise from cells that form the enamel. If left untreated, the swelling becomes cancerous and may spread to the lungs or lymph nodes.

• #1 Oral Pathology: Gene Expression in Odontogenic Cysts | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/63320

  The pathogenesis of radicular cysts can be separated into three phases: the phase of initiation, the phase of cyst formation, and the phase of enlargement. […] The pathogenesis of radicular cysts is associated with differential expression of genes involved in bone metabolism (RANK-RANKL-OPG pathway) and inflammation (chemokines and their receptors). However, the most extensively studied genes in the pathogenesis of radicular cysts belong to the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which show increased expression. […] Specific entities of odontogenic cysts are odontogenic keratocysts, which are prone to recidive. This trait of keratocysts to recur makes them similar to tumors, which can be also seen in their gene expression profiles. The hallmark of odontogenic keratocysts is mutation in PTCH gene, which is a receptor in Sonic hedgehog signaling (Shh) pathway. Mutations in PTCH gene lead to the constitutive activation of this pathway. Besides overexpression of PTCH, other downstream genes such as SMO, GLI1, CCND1, and BCL-2 have been shown to be overexpressed in odontogenic keratocysts, indicating that these SHH pathway genes contribute to the development of these lesions.

• #1 Deep learning based diagnosis for cysts and tumors of jaw with massive healthy samples | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-05913-5

  Accurate diagnosis of different types of cysts and tumors is a challenging task. Some cysts and tumors have very similar radiological characteristics. In the orofacial region, accurate differentiation between various cystic lesions and ABs can be challenging. This is mainly due to their common presentations on conventional dental panoramic radiographs. The main differentiating feature in diagnosing KCOT from ABs is the significant anteroposterior extension of the unilocular radiolucent lesion in the posterior mandible marrow space. KCOTs can sometimes also present as multilocular lesions, which further complicate its differentiation from ameloblastomas. Misdiagnosis between these two lesions is therefore a common clinical pitfall. So, an auxiliary diagnostic method for cysts and tumors is significant.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/aomr/fulltext/2017/29010/a_retrospective_study_of_cysts_and_tumors_of_the.2.aspx

  Orofacial cysts and tumors are known to exhibit geographic variations in prevalence and pattern. The knowledge of the epidemiology of odontogenic cysts and tumors is limited in a developing nation like India, which may be attributed to inadequate documentation in our hospitals and health care centres. […] Our study is the first of its kind to assess the prevalence of any cyst and tumor that occurs in the oral cavity (both odontogenic and nonodontogenic) in an Indian population. To determine the global epidemiological burden of these lesions we urge further prevalence studies to be performed in the Indian subcontinent as well as the world. […] The incidence and epidemiological behavior of odontogenic lesions exhibits geographical variations in different regions of the world. […] The reported relative frequency of odontogenic tumors is generally low: India (4.13%), Asia (2.14%), South America (1.82%), North America (1.55%), Europe (0.74%); the highest values being in Africa, Nigeria (9.619%).

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/aomr/fulltext/2017/29010/a_retrospective_study_of_cysts_and_tumors_of_the.2.aspx

  In our study, malignant lesions were the most common lesion (55.9%), which sharply contrasts previous reports from Nigeria by Bassey et al. […] In our study, squamous cell carcinoma (50.5%) was the most common malignant histopathological diagnosis of the malignant lesions in this series. […] To determine the global epidemiological burden of these lesions we urge further prevalence studies to be performed in the Indian subcontinent and the world.

• #2 Oral Pathology: Gene Expression in Odontogenic Cysts | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/63320

  Odontogenic cysts are a group of common pathological lesions of the jaw. Typically, they can be found randomly on X-rays as round benign lesions. However, some of them can behave aggressively with a tendency toward malignancy. Among odontogenic cysts with benign pathology, up to 60% of all jaw cysts are radicular cysts, which originate from root canal infection. Radicular cysts are inflammatory cyst of jaw bones developing as a result of proliferation of the epithelium on the site of inflammation. They are the types of inflammatory lesions, which develop from epithelial residues of Hertwig lining in the process of periapical periodontitis after pulp necrosis. Cysts, which develop like this, are predominantly located around root apex and/or on the lateral side of the root, and in that case, they are called lateral radicular cysts. Radicular cysts are by far the most common cystic lesions in the jaws, comprising 30% of all odontogenic cysts over a 30-year period according to results published by Jones et al.

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