Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Mammary Paget Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563228/

  Paget’s disease of the breast is an uncommon manifestation of underlying breast cancer in postmenopausal female patients. […] The Presentation of PDB is much less common as compared to the other presentations of breast malignancy like palpable mass or mammographic findings, accounting for about 1-4 percent of overall presentations. […] Although this is an uncommon presentation, any patient with a chronic persistent skin rash of the nipple should be evaluated for PDB. […] There is some epidemiological data that suggests that the incidence of PDB is decreasing over time. […] The usual range of presentations is 26 to 88 years, with the peak incidence in postmenopausal females in the sixth decade.

• #2 Paget Disease of the Breast – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/paget-breast-fact-sheet

  Paget disease of the breast occurs in both women and men, but most cases occur in women. Approximately 1 to 4 percent of all cases of breast cancer also involve Paget disease of the breast. The average age at diagnosis is 57 years, but the disease has been found in adolescents and in people in their late 80s. […] The prognosis, or outlook, for people with Paget disease of the breast depends on a variety of factors, including the following: Whether or not a tumor is present in the affected breast; If one or more tumors are present in the affected breast, whether those tumors are ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer; If invasive breast cancer is present in the affected breast, the stage of that cancer. […] According to NCIs Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, the 5-year relative survival for all women in the United States who were diagnosed with Paget disease of the breast between 1988 and 2001 was 82.6 percent. This compares with a 5-year relative survival of 87.1 percent for women diagnosed with any type of breast cancer. For women with both Paget disease of the breast and invasive cancer in the same breast, the 5-year relative survival declined with increasing stage of the cancer (stage I, 95.8 percent; stage II, 77.7 percent; stage III, 46.3 percent; stage IV, 14.3 percent).

• #3 A Pictorial Exploration of Mammary Paget Disease: Insights and Perspectives

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/21/5276

  Mammary Paget disease (MPD) is a rare condition primarily affecting adult women, characterized by unilateral skin changes in the nipple–areolar complex (NAC) and frequently associated with underlying breast carcinoma. […] The prevalence of an associated cancer ranges from 67% to 100% with most studies reporting a concurrent malignancy in over 90% of patients. […] MPD represents approximately 1–3% of all BC cases with a prevalence among postmenopausal women aged 50 to 60 years, although it can occur in both sexes at any age. […] The incidence of MPD varies geographically with higher rates reported in Western countries, probably related to lifestyle. […] An intriguing observation is the gradual decline in MPD cases from the 2000s, potentially attributed to an increased detection of early DCIS cases through mammographic screenings.

• #4 Paget’s disease of the breast | Breast cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/types/pagets-disease-breast

  Paget’s disease of the breast is a rare condition of the nipple that is associated with some breast cancers. Pagets disease is a sign that there might be breast cancer in the tissues behind the nipple. About half of the people diagnosed with Paget’s disease of the breast have a lump behind the nipple. Paget’s disease of the breast is rare. It is found in 1 to 3 out of every 100 breast cancers (1 to 3%) diagnosed in women. […] But most people with Pagets disease of the breast who have no lump behind the nipple, have ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). […] You usually have regular check ups after treatment for Pagets disease of the breast. How often you have check ups depends on your individual situation. […] Doctors and researchers are carrying out trials to find better tests and treatments for breast cancer and other conditions such as Pagets disease.

• #5 A Pictorial Exploration of Mammary Paget Disease: Insights and Perspectives

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/21/5276

  Mammary Paget disease (MPD) is a rare condition primarily affecting adult women, characterized by unilateral skin changes in the nipple–areolar complex (NAC) and frequently associated with underlying breast carcinoma. […] The prevalence of an associated cancer ranges from 67% to 100% with most studies reporting a concurrent malignancy in over 90% of patients. […] MPD represents approximately 1–3% of all BC cases with a prevalence among postmenopausal women aged 50 to 60 years, although it can occur in both sexes at any age. […] The incidence of MPD varies geographically with higher rates reported in Western countries, probably related to lifestyle. […] An intriguing observation is the gradual decline in MPD cases from the 2000s, potentially attributed to an increased detection of early DCIS cases through mammographic screenings.

• #6 A Pictorial Exploration of Mammary Paget Disease: Insights and Perspectives

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/21/5276

  Mammary Paget disease (MPD) is a rare condition primarily affecting adult women, characterized by unilateral skin changes in the nipple–areolar complex (NAC) and frequently associated with underlying breast carcinoma. […] The prevalence of an associated cancer ranges from 67% to 100% with most studies reporting a concurrent malignancy in over 90% of patients. […] MPD represents approximately 1–3% of all BC cases with a prevalence among postmenopausal women aged 50 to 60 years, although it can occur in both sexes at any age. […] The incidence of MPD varies geographically with higher rates reported in Western countries, probably related to lifestyle. […] An intriguing observation is the gradual decline in MPD cases from the 2000s, potentially attributed to an increased detection of early DCIS cases through mammographic screenings.

• #7 Paget’s Disease | Oncohema Key

  https://oncohemakey.com/pagets-disease/

  In an update of the SEER data, Pagets disease associated with both invasive and DCIS has decreased from 1988 to 2002 by 49% and 44%, respectively (4). However the number of cases of Pagets diagnosed without underlying invasive disease may be increasing. This may be accounted for the increased use of mammography and finding cancers at an earlier stage before they develop Pagetoid features. […] The majority of patients with Pagets disease present with eczema or ulceration of the nipple and many have a prolonged period of symptoms before diagnosis. It is, therefore, important to have a high index of suspicion for Pagets when a patient presents with nipple complaints. The most common initial presentation is erythema and mild eczematous scaling which progresses to crusting, skin erosion, and ulceration, with exudation or frank discharge (Figs. 63-3, 63-4 and 63-5). […] Although most patients with Pagets present with nipple changes, up to 50% will present with a palpable mass. The majority of patients who present with a palpable mass have an underlying invasive cancer and thus have a worse prognosis.

• #8 Paget Disease of the Breast – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/paget-breast-fact-sheet

  Paget disease of the breast occurs in both women and men, but most cases occur in women. Approximately 1 to 4 percent of all cases of breast cancer also involve Paget disease of the breast. The average age at diagnosis is 57 years, but the disease has been found in adolescents and in people in their late 80s. […] The prognosis, or outlook, for people with Paget disease of the breast depends on a variety of factors, including the following: Whether or not a tumor is present in the affected breast; If one or more tumors are present in the affected breast, whether those tumors are ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer; If invasive breast cancer is present in the affected breast, the stage of that cancer. […] According to NCIs Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, the 5-year relative survival for all women in the United States who were diagnosed with Paget disease of the breast between 1988 and 2001 was 82.6 percent. This compares with a 5-year relative survival of 87.1 percent for women diagnosed with any type of breast cancer. For women with both Paget disease of the breast and invasive cancer in the same breast, the 5-year relative survival declined with increasing stage of the cancer (stage I, 95.8 percent; stage II, 77.7 percent; stage III, 46.3 percent; stage IV, 14.3 percent).

• #9 Paget’s disease of the breast – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paget%27s_disease_of_the_breast

  Paget’s disease of the breast is a rare skin change at the nipple nearly always associated with underlying breast cancer. The condition is an uncommon disease accounting for 1 to 4% of all breast cancers cases. 92% to 100% of patients with Paget’s disease of the breast have an underlying breast cancer. […] Most patients diagnosed with Paget’s disease of the breast are over age 50, but rare cases have been diagnosed in patients in their 20s. The average age at diagnosis is 57. The disease is rare among both women and men, but more common in women.

• #10 Mammary Paget Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563228/

  Paget’s disease of the breast is an uncommon manifestation of underlying breast cancer in postmenopausal female patients. […] The Presentation of PDB is much less common as compared to the other presentations of breast malignancy like palpable mass or mammographic findings, accounting for about 1-4 percent of overall presentations. […] Although this is an uncommon presentation, any patient with a chronic persistent skin rash of the nipple should be evaluated for PDB. […] There is some epidemiological data that suggests that the incidence of PDB is decreasing over time. […] The usual range of presentations is 26 to 88 years, with the peak incidence in postmenopausal females in the sixth decade.

• #11 Paget disease of the breast: A national retrospective analysis of the US population – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32390594/

  Paget’s disease of the breast is rare. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) is one of the largest tumor databases in the United States. We analyzed the demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics of 7,191 patients with Paget’s disease of the breast. The median (range) age was 64 (20-90) years. Only 2.1% of patients were men, and 85.4% were white. The most common treatment was complete mastectomy (65.3%), followed by partial mastectomy (30.3%). We examined survival in the subset of 6,864 patients who were treated surgically with complete mastectomy or partial mastectomy. The 5-year survival rate after surgery was 82.5% (95% CI, 81.1%-83.9%). Factors associated with shorter survival were older age, black race/ethnicity, higher tumor grade, regional lymph node metastasis, higher cancer stage, metastatic cancer, and larger tumor size. […] Paget’s disease of the breast usually affects patients older than 60 years, and the most common treatment is complete mastectomy. The 5-year overall survival rate of patients with Paget’s disease of the breast is greater than 80% but is lower among older and black people.

• #12 Paget disease of the breast: A national retrospective analysis of the US population – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32390594/

  Paget’s disease of the breast is rare. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) is one of the largest tumor databases in the United States. We analyzed the demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics of 7,191 patients with Paget’s disease of the breast. The median (range) age was 64 (20-90) years. Only 2.1% of patients were men, and 85.4% were white. The most common treatment was complete mastectomy (65.3%), followed by partial mastectomy (30.3%). We examined survival in the subset of 6,864 patients who were treated surgically with complete mastectomy or partial mastectomy. The 5-year survival rate after surgery was 82.5% (95% CI, 81.1%-83.9%). Factors associated with shorter survival were older age, black race/ethnicity, higher tumor grade, regional lymph node metastasis, higher cancer stage, metastatic cancer, and larger tumor size. […] Paget’s disease of the breast usually affects patients older than 60 years, and the most common treatment is complete mastectomy. The 5-year overall survival rate of patients with Paget’s disease of the breast is greater than 80% but is lower among older and black people.

• #13 Paget’s Disease of the Breast – The Operative Review Of Surgery

  https://operativereview.com/pagets-disease-of-the-breast/

  Pagets Indicates an Underlying Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) or Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) in 80-90% of Cases 3 […] 1-4% of All Breast Cancer Patients Also Have Pagets Disease of the Breast 4 […] Most Common in Postmenopausal Women Aged 50-60 5 […] Reported Age Range: 20-90 Years 7 […] Majority in Women (97.9%) But Can Affect Men (2.1%) 7

• #14 Paget disease of the breast: A national retrospective analysis of the US population – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32390594/

  Paget’s disease of the breast is rare. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) is one of the largest tumor databases in the United States. We analyzed the demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics of 7,191 patients with Paget’s disease of the breast. The median (range) age was 64 (20-90) years. Only 2.1% of patients were men, and 85.4% were white. The most common treatment was complete mastectomy (65.3%), followed by partial mastectomy (30.3%). We examined survival in the subset of 6,864 patients who were treated surgically with complete mastectomy or partial mastectomy. The 5-year survival rate after surgery was 82.5% (95% CI, 81.1%-83.9%). Factors associated with shorter survival were older age, black race/ethnicity, higher tumor grade, regional lymph node metastasis, higher cancer stage, metastatic cancer, and larger tumor size. […] Paget’s disease of the breast usually affects patients older than 60 years, and the most common treatment is complete mastectomy. The 5-year overall survival rate of patients with Paget’s disease of the breast is greater than 80% but is lower among older and black people.

• #15 Paget’s Disease of the Breast – The Operative Review Of Surgery

  https://operativereview.com/pagets-disease-of-the-breast/

  Pagets Indicates an Underlying Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) or Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) in 80-90% of Cases 3 […] 1-4% of All Breast Cancer Patients Also Have Pagets Disease of the Breast 4 […] Most Common in Postmenopausal Women Aged 50-60 5 […] Reported Age Range: 20-90 Years 7 […] Majority in Women (97.9%) But Can Affect Men (2.1%) 7

• #16 Paget’s Disease of the Breast: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/pagets-nipple-disease

  Paget’s disease of the breast is a rare type of cancer that forms in or around your nipple. Its involved in 1% to 4% of all breast cancers. It may be linked with an underlying breast cancer, either ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer. […] Your chances go up as you get older. The average age at diagnosis is 57. […] Pagets can affect men and women, but women are more likely to get it. […] White women are more likely to get breast cancer than black or Hispanic women, but black women are most likely to die from it. […] Drinking heavily makes it more likely. […] If youve had it in either breast, your chances are higher. […] Having lobular carcinoma in situ or atypical hyperplasia raises your odds. […] Taking estrogen after menopause makes cancer more likely. […] If you got radiation to your chest as a child or young adult, youre more likely to get breast cancer.

• #17 Paget disease of the breast: A national retrospective analysis of the US population – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32390594/

  Paget’s disease of the breast is rare. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) is one of the largest tumor databases in the United States. We analyzed the demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics of 7,191 patients with Paget’s disease of the breast. The median (range) age was 64 (20-90) years. Only 2.1% of patients were men, and 85.4% were white. The most common treatment was complete mastectomy (65.3%), followed by partial mastectomy (30.3%). We examined survival in the subset of 6,864 patients who were treated surgically with complete mastectomy or partial mastectomy. The 5-year survival rate after surgery was 82.5% (95% CI, 81.1%-83.9%). Factors associated with shorter survival were older age, black race/ethnicity, higher tumor grade, regional lymph node metastasis, higher cancer stage, metastatic cancer, and larger tumor size. […] Paget’s disease of the breast usually affects patients older than 60 years, and the most common treatment is complete mastectomy. The 5-year overall survival rate of patients with Paget’s disease of the breast is greater than 80% but is lower among older and black people.

• #18 Paget disease of the breast: A national retrospective analysis of the US population – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32390594/

  Paget’s disease of the breast is rare. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) is one of the largest tumor databases in the United States. We analyzed the demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics of 7,191 patients with Paget’s disease of the breast. The median (range) age was 64 (20-90) years. Only 2.1% of patients were men, and 85.4% were white. The most common treatment was complete mastectomy (65.3%), followed by partial mastectomy (30.3%). We examined survival in the subset of 6,864 patients who were treated surgically with complete mastectomy or partial mastectomy. The 5-year survival rate after surgery was 82.5% (95% CI, 81.1%-83.9%). Factors associated with shorter survival were older age, black race/ethnicity, higher tumor grade, regional lymph node metastasis, higher cancer stage, metastatic cancer, and larger tumor size. […] Paget’s disease of the breast usually affects patients older than 60 years, and the most common treatment is complete mastectomy. The 5-year overall survival rate of patients with Paget’s disease of the breast is greater than 80% but is lower among older and black people.

• #19 Paget’s Disease of the Breast: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/pagets-nipple-disease

  Paget’s disease of the breast is a rare type of cancer that forms in or around your nipple. Its involved in 1% to 4% of all breast cancers. It may be linked with an underlying breast cancer, either ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer. […] Your chances go up as you get older. The average age at diagnosis is 57. […] Pagets can affect men and women, but women are more likely to get it. […] White women are more likely to get breast cancer than black or Hispanic women, but black women are most likely to die from it. […] Drinking heavily makes it more likely. […] If youve had it in either breast, your chances are higher. […] Having lobular carcinoma in situ or atypical hyperplasia raises your odds. […] Taking estrogen after menopause makes cancer more likely. […] If you got radiation to your chest as a child or young adult, youre more likely to get breast cancer.

• #20 Paget’s disease of the breast: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192362

  The overall 5-year survival rate for Pagets disease of the breast with DCIS was 97.5%. […] The overall survival rate after 5 years for those with a different type of underlying cancer, concomitant infiltrating duct carcinoma, was less, at 84.1%. […] Although Pagets disease of the breast is more common in white people, Black people in the United States have more negative outcomes. […] Pagets disease of the breast is not usually an aggressive breast cancer. However, it can spread if a person does not seek prompt treatment. […] With early diagnosis and treatment, Pagets disease of the breast is typically curable.

• #21 Paget Disease of the Breast | Details, Diagnosis and Signs | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/about/types-of-breast-cancer/paget-disease-of-the-nipple.html

  Paget disease of the breast is a rare type of breast cancer involving the skin of the nipple and the areola (the dark circle around the nipple). […] Paget disease usually affects only one breast. In 80-90% of cases, its usually found along with either ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or infiltrating ductal carcinoma (invasive breast cancer). […] Most people with Paget disease of the breast also have tumors in the same breast. […] Paget disease of the breast is diagnosed by a biopsy, removing a small piece of the breast tissue and looking at it closely in the lab. […] If invasive cancer is found, the lymph nodes under the arm will be checked for cancer. […] If no lump is felt in the breast tissue, and your biopsy results show the cancer has not spread within the breast tissue, the outlook (prognosis) is excellent. […] If the cancer has spread within the breast tissue (is invasive), the outlook is not as good, and the cancer will be staged and treated like any other invasive ductal carcinoma.

• #22 Paget’s disease of the breast – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pagets-disease-of-the-breast/symptoms-causes/syc-20351079

  Paget’s disease of the breast occurs most often after age 50. Most people with this diagnosis also have underlying ductal breast cancer, either in situ meaning in its original place or, less commonly, invasive breast cancer. Only rarely is Paget’s disease of the breast confined to the nipple itself. […] Doctors don’t know what causes Paget’s disease of the breast. The most widely accepted theory is that the disease results from an underlying ductal breast cancer. The cancer cells from the original tumor then travel through milk ducts to the nipple and its surrounding skin. Another theory is that the disease can develop independently in the nipple. […] Risk factors that affect your likelihood of developing Paget’s disease of the breast are the same factors that affect your risk of developing any other type of breast cancer. […] If your doctor has determined that you have an increased risk of breast cancer, you may discuss options to reduce your risk, such as preventive medications (chemoprevention). Estrogen-blocking medications reduce the risk of breast cancer if you have a high risk of the disease.

• #23 A Pictorial Exploration of Mammary Paget Disease: Insights and Perspectives

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/21/5276

  Mammary Paget disease (MPD) is a rare condition primarily affecting adult women, characterized by unilateral skin changes in the nipple–areolar complex (NAC) and frequently associated with underlying breast carcinoma. […] The prevalence of an associated cancer ranges from 67% to 100% with most studies reporting a concurrent malignancy in over 90% of patients. […] MPD represents approximately 1–3% of all BC cases with a prevalence among postmenopausal women aged 50 to 60 years, although it can occur in both sexes at any age. […] The incidence of MPD varies geographically with higher rates reported in Western countries, probably related to lifestyle. […] An intriguing observation is the gradual decline in MPD cases from the 2000s, potentially attributed to an increased detection of early DCIS cases through mammographic screenings.

• #24 Patients with Nipple-Areola Paget’s Disease and Underlying Invasive Breast Carcinoma Have Very Poor Survival: A Matched Cohort Study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0061455

  Pagets disease (PD) of the breast is a rare disease. The survival rate of PD was reported to depend on the characteristics of the underlying carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and survival rate of PD patients with underlying invasive breast carcinoma (IBC). […] The prevalence of an associated cancer ranges from 67-100%, with most studies reporting over 90%. […] Three prognostic factors for PD have been reported in different studies to date: (1) a palpable mass on presentation; (2) an underlying invasive carcinoma of the breast; and (3) the status of the axillary lymph nodes (ALN). […] The survival rate for PD with carcinoma in situ is better than that for PD with invasive carcinoma. […] The purpose of this study was to demonstrate this finding by investigating the prognosis of patients with PD and an underlying invasive carcinoma via a cohort-matched study.

• #25 Mammary Paget’s Disease: An Update

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/10/2422

  Nearly all patients diagnosed with MPD have either underlying invasive or intraductal carcinoma. In patients with MPD and no palpable or mammographic mass, the majority will have underlying DCIS; therefore, axillary lymph nodes are usually negative, and treatment should be limited to the breast. […] Without treatment, the skin lesions and underlying disease will progress to the development of invasive breast cancer, potentially followed by lymph node and visceral metastasis. The presence of a palpable breast tumor, lymph node enlargement, high nuclear grade, and age below 60 years are unfavorable prognostic factors that correlate with a high risk of invasive carcinoma and a high rate of lymph node metastasis.

• #26 Paget’s disease of the breast: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192362

  Pagets disease of the breast is a rare type of breast cancer. […] According to the National Health Service in the United Kingdom, about 1% to 4% of females with breast cancer have Pagets disease of the breast. […] In 80% to 90% of people with Pagets disease of the breast, the underlying cancer is either ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer. […] Only 8% of people with Pagets disease of the breast have no other underlying cancer. […] The factor that plays the most significant role in determining the outcome is early diagnosis. […] According to the American Cancer Society, Pagets disease usually appears in one breast or nipple. […] Cancer Research UK indicates that about half of all people with Pagets disease of the breast also have a breast lump behind the nipple.

• #27 Paget’s disease of the breast | Breast cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/types/pagets-disease-breast

  Paget’s disease of the breast is a rare condition of the nipple that is associated with some breast cancers. Pagets disease is a sign that there might be breast cancer in the tissues behind the nipple. About half of the people diagnosed with Paget’s disease of the breast have a lump behind the nipple. Paget’s disease of the breast is rare. It is found in 1 to 3 out of every 100 breast cancers (1 to 3%) diagnosed in women. […] But most people with Pagets disease of the breast who have no lump behind the nipple, have ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). […] You usually have regular check ups after treatment for Pagets disease of the breast. How often you have check ups depends on your individual situation. […] Doctors and researchers are carrying out trials to find better tests and treatments for breast cancer and other conditions such as Pagets disease.

• #28 What Is Paget’s Disease of the Breast?California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) Opt-Out Icon

  https://health.usnews.com/health-care/patient-advice/articles/2017-10-17/what-is-pagets-disease-of-the-breast

  One of the rarer forms of breast cancer, Paget’s disease of the breast, is involved in about 1 to 4 percent of breast cancer cases in the United States, the National Cancer Institute reports. […] Breastcancer.org reports that 97 percent of patients with Paget’s disease of the breast also have an underlying or second breast cancer or a tumor elsewhere in the breast. […] According to the NCI, as many as 50 percent of patients with Paget’s have a tumor that can be felt during a clinical exam. […] The NCI reports the five-year survival rate for all women in the U.S. diagnosed with Paget’s disease between 1988 and 2001 was 82.6 percent. […] The prognosis is naturally worse for patients with later stage disease and better for those who find the disease earlier.

• #29 What You Should Know About Paget’s Disease of the Breast – Iowa Radiology

  https://www.iowaradiology.com/what-you-should-know-about-pagets-disease-of-the-breast/

  Pagets disease of the breast, also called Pagets disease of the nipple or mammary Pagets disease, is a rare type of breast cancer that causes changes to the skin of the nipple. It is estimated to be present in 14% of breast cancer cases. More than 90% of patients with mammary Pagets disease also have invasive or noninvasive carcinoma, most often either DCIS or invasive ductal carcinoma. The prevailing theory is that Pagets disease results cells from an underlying ductal cancer travel through the milk ducts to the surface of the nipple; however, since additional cancer is not always found, it is possible that these cells can become cancerous on their own. […] If Pagets disease is suspected, the doctor will likely perform a physical exam to check for palpable tumors, which are found in approximately 50% of Pagets patients. A mammogram, with the possible addition of breast ultrasound and/or MRI is typically performed to look at other areas of the breast for signs of cancer. A biopsy of the nipple and areola is performed to either confirm or rule out the presence of Pagets disease. A biopsy of the sentinel lymph nodes under the arm may also be performed to assess possible spread of cancer cells.

• #30 Paget’s Disease | Oncohema Key

  https://oncohemakey.com/pagets-disease/

  In an update of the SEER data, Pagets disease associated with both invasive and DCIS has decreased from 1988 to 2002 by 49% and 44%, respectively (4). However the number of cases of Pagets diagnosed without underlying invasive disease may be increasing. This may be accounted for the increased use of mammography and finding cancers at an earlier stage before they develop Pagetoid features. […] The majority of patients with Pagets disease present with eczema or ulceration of the nipple and many have a prolonged period of symptoms before diagnosis. It is, therefore, important to have a high index of suspicion for Pagets when a patient presents with nipple complaints. The most common initial presentation is erythema and mild eczematous scaling which progresses to crusting, skin erosion, and ulceration, with exudation or frank discharge (Figs. 63-3, 63-4 and 63-5). […] Although most patients with Pagets present with nipple changes, up to 50% will present with a palpable mass. The majority of patients who present with a palpable mass have an underlying invasive cancer and thus have a worse prognosis.

• #31 A Pictorial Exploration of Mammary Paget Disease: Insights and Perspectives

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/21/5276

  MRI’s higher sensitivity in evaluating the retroareolar region provides crucial information for clinically evident MPD cases with occult findings in DM and US and for the preoperative assessment of disease extent in patients eligible for breast-conserving therapy. […] Accurate assessment and appropriate management of patients with MPD require a multidisciplinary discussion conducted by an expert team. […] Following diagnosis with a NAC punch-biopsy, breast surgery remains the first approach for the treatment. […] The literature reports controversial results about loco-regional recurrence after mastectomy or BCS for MPD. […] MPD prognosis is related to invasive components, axillary lymph node metastasis, and palpable mass. […] Invasive cancers associated with MPD are more likely to be high-grade, estrogen- and progesterone-receptor negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive than those in patients with no associated MPD.

• #32 Survival outcomes in mammary Paget’s disease | CMAR

  https://www.dovepress.com/clinicopathological-characteristics-and-survival-outcomes-of-mammary-p-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CMAR

  Mammary Pagets disease (PD) is a rare type of breast cancer. Most cases of PD are presented with underlying ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast carcinoma (IDC). This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of PD patients. […] The incidence of this rare abnormality has been reported to be 0.55% of all breast cancers. […] Approximately 90% of mammary PD cases present with underlying ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast carcinoma (IDC); only a small proportion of PD cases involve skin changes alone. […] Previous studies have reported that the underlying tumor of PD was more prone to negative estrogen receptor (ER), negative progesterone receptor (PR), positive human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) and high histological grade.

• #33 Patients with Nipple-Areola Paget’s Disease and Underlying Invasive Breast Carcinoma Have Very Poor Survival: A Matched Cohort Study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0061455

  Patients with PD and underlying IBC tended to have a greater chance of lymph node involvement, lower hormone receptor expression, higher HER2 expression and worse survival compared to those without PD. The subsequent matched study confirmed that the survival of patients with PD and underlying IBC was reduced compared to patients with IBC with similar prognostic factors (stage and characteristics). This finding suggests that PD itself is an indicator of poor survival. […] Some patients were pathologically diagnosed as PD in the absence of clinical PD manifestation. They might have a worse prognosis than patients with clinical PD. Pathologists should carefully examine the nipple after mastectomy to diagnose such non-clinical occult PD. Additionally, further studies need to be performed to investigate the characteristics of occult PD.

• #34 Survival outcomes in mammary Paget’s disease | CMAR

  https://www.dovepress.com/clinicopathological-characteristics-and-survival-outcomes-of-mammary-p-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CMAR

  Since PD is a rare disease, most studies have included limited numbers. […] The PD group had significantly worse disease-free survival (DFS) than the non-PD group (5-year DFS: 91.8% vs 97.3%, P = 0.001), and the SEER database showed a similar trend. […] PD with IDC/DCIS is associated with more aggressive tumor characteristics and worse survival outcomes. […] More than half of PD breast cancers are HER-2 overexpression subtype. […] PD is an independent poor-risk factor for breast cancer survival.

• #35 Paget Disease of the Breast – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/paget-breast-fact-sheet

  Paget disease of the breast occurs in both women and men, but most cases occur in women. Approximately 1 to 4 percent of all cases of breast cancer also involve Paget disease of the breast. The average age at diagnosis is 57 years, but the disease has been found in adolescents and in people in their late 80s. […] The prognosis, or outlook, for people with Paget disease of the breast depends on a variety of factors, including the following: Whether or not a tumor is present in the affected breast; If one or more tumors are present in the affected breast, whether those tumors are ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer; If invasive breast cancer is present in the affected breast, the stage of that cancer. […] According to NCIs Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, the 5-year relative survival for all women in the United States who were diagnosed with Paget disease of the breast between 1988 and 2001 was 82.6 percent. This compares with a 5-year relative survival of 87.1 percent for women diagnosed with any type of breast cancer. For women with both Paget disease of the breast and invasive cancer in the same breast, the 5-year relative survival declined with increasing stage of the cancer (stage I, 95.8 percent; stage II, 77.7 percent; stage III, 46.3 percent; stage IV, 14.3 percent).

• #36 What Is Paget’s Disease of the Breast?California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) Opt-Out Icon

  https://health.usnews.com/health-care/patient-advice/articles/2017-10-17/what-is-pagets-disease-of-the-breast

  One of the rarer forms of breast cancer, Paget’s disease of the breast, is involved in about 1 to 4 percent of breast cancer cases in the United States, the National Cancer Institute reports. […] Breastcancer.org reports that 97 percent of patients with Paget’s disease of the breast also have an underlying or second breast cancer or a tumor elsewhere in the breast. […] According to the NCI, as many as 50 percent of patients with Paget’s have a tumor that can be felt during a clinical exam. […] The NCI reports the five-year survival rate for all women in the U.S. diagnosed with Paget’s disease between 1988 and 2001 was 82.6 percent. […] The prognosis is naturally worse for patients with later stage disease and better for those who find the disease earlier.

• #37 Paget’s Disease of the Breast: Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/breast-cancer/types/rare-breast-cancer-types/pagets-disease-of-the-breast

  Pagets disease of the breast affects about 1 to 4 percent of breast cancer patients, according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI). […] This condition occurs most often in women, and the average age at diagnosis is 57, though it may affect anyone from teens up to people in their late 80s. […] As many as half of Pagets disease patients also have a palpable breast lump, according to the NCI, so a physical breast exam may be a part of the diagnosis process. […] Survival rates differ depending on the severity of Pagets disease. The five-year relative survival rate for women with Pagets disease in the United States between 1988 and 2001 was 82.6 percent, according to the NCI.

• #38 Paget Disease of the Breast – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/paget-breast-fact-sheet

  Paget disease of the breast occurs in both women and men, but most cases occur in women. Approximately 1 to 4 percent of all cases of breast cancer also involve Paget disease of the breast. The average age at diagnosis is 57 years, but the disease has been found in adolescents and in people in their late 80s. […] The prognosis, or outlook, for people with Paget disease of the breast depends on a variety of factors, including the following: Whether or not a tumor is present in the affected breast; If one or more tumors are present in the affected breast, whether those tumors are ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer; If invasive breast cancer is present in the affected breast, the stage of that cancer. […] According to NCIs Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, the 5-year relative survival for all women in the United States who were diagnosed with Paget disease of the breast between 1988 and 2001 was 82.6 percent. This compares with a 5-year relative survival of 87.1 percent for women diagnosed with any type of breast cancer. For women with both Paget disease of the breast and invasive cancer in the same breast, the 5-year relative survival declined with increasing stage of the cancer (stage I, 95.8 percent; stage II, 77.7 percent; stage III, 46.3 percent; stage IV, 14.3 percent).

• #39 Paget Disease of the Breast – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/paget-breast-fact-sheet

  Paget disease of the breast occurs in both women and men, but most cases occur in women. Approximately 1 to 4 percent of all cases of breast cancer also involve Paget disease of the breast. The average age at diagnosis is 57 years, but the disease has been found in adolescents and in people in their late 80s. […] The prognosis, or outlook, for people with Paget disease of the breast depends on a variety of factors, including the following: Whether or not a tumor is present in the affected breast; If one or more tumors are present in the affected breast, whether those tumors are ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer; If invasive breast cancer is present in the affected breast, the stage of that cancer. […] According to NCIs Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, the 5-year relative survival for all women in the United States who were diagnosed with Paget disease of the breast between 1988 and 2001 was 82.6 percent. This compares with a 5-year relative survival of 87.1 percent for women diagnosed with any type of breast cancer. For women with both Paget disease of the breast and invasive cancer in the same breast, the 5-year relative survival declined with increasing stage of the cancer (stage I, 95.8 percent; stage II, 77.7 percent; stage III, 46.3 percent; stage IV, 14.3 percent).

• #40 Paget disease of the breast: A national retrospective analysis of the US population – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32390594/

  Paget’s disease of the breast is rare. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) is one of the largest tumor databases in the United States. We analyzed the demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics of 7,191 patients with Paget’s disease of the breast. The median (range) age was 64 (20-90) years. Only 2.1% of patients were men, and 85.4% were white. The most common treatment was complete mastectomy (65.3%), followed by partial mastectomy (30.3%). We examined survival in the subset of 6,864 patients who were treated surgically with complete mastectomy or partial mastectomy. The 5-year survival rate after surgery was 82.5% (95% CI, 81.1%-83.9%). Factors associated with shorter survival were older age, black race/ethnicity, higher tumor grade, regional lymph node metastasis, higher cancer stage, metastatic cancer, and larger tumor size. […] Paget’s disease of the breast usually affects patients older than 60 years, and the most common treatment is complete mastectomy. The 5-year overall survival rate of patients with Paget’s disease of the breast is greater than 80% but is lower among older and black people.

• #41 Paget Disease of the Breast – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/paget-breast-fact-sheet

  Paget disease of the breast occurs in both women and men, but most cases occur in women. Approximately 1 to 4 percent of all cases of breast cancer also involve Paget disease of the breast. The average age at diagnosis is 57 years, but the disease has been found in adolescents and in people in their late 80s. […] The prognosis, or outlook, for people with Paget disease of the breast depends on a variety of factors, including the following: Whether or not a tumor is present in the affected breast; If one or more tumors are present in the affected breast, whether those tumors are ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer; If invasive breast cancer is present in the affected breast, the stage of that cancer. […] According to NCIs Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, the 5-year relative survival for all women in the United States who were diagnosed with Paget disease of the breast between 1988 and 2001 was 82.6 percent. This compares with a 5-year relative survival of 87.1 percent for women diagnosed with any type of breast cancer. For women with both Paget disease of the breast and invasive cancer in the same breast, the 5-year relative survival declined with increasing stage of the cancer (stage I, 95.8 percent; stage II, 77.7 percent; stage III, 46.3 percent; stage IV, 14.3 percent).

• #42 Paget’s Disease of the Breast: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/breast-cancer/guide/paget-disease/

  Pagets disease occurs in about 1 to 3 percent of breast cancer cases, and is almost always found in the presence of other tumors in the same breast, including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). […] According to the NCIs Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Ends Results (SEER) program, the overall five-year survival rate for women with Pagets was 82.6 percent. […] The five-year survival rate tends to decrease as the stage of the cancer increases; for women with stage 1 Pagets disease, the survival rate is 95.8 percent; stage 2 is 77.7 percent; stage 3 is 46.3 percent; stage 4 is 14.3 percent.

• #43 Paget’s Disease of the Breast: Symptoms, Treatment, Survival

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/pagets-disease-of-the-breast-430628

  Pagets disease accounts for 1% to 4% of all breast cancers and mostly affects females during or after menopause. […] The five-year survival rate for Paget’s disease also varies by the stage of cancer. This is described by the National Cancer Institute as follows: Stage 1: 98.8%, Stage 2: 77.7%, Stage 3: 46.3%, Stage 4: 14.3%. […] If Paget’s disease of the breast is diagnosed and treated early, the prognosis (expected outcome) is excellent. Even when diagnosed at later stages, the prognosis remains largely optimistic.

• #44 A Pictorial Exploration of Mammary Paget Disease: Insights and Perspectives

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/21/5276

  MPD prognosis in patients without a palpable mass is generally good with a survival rate of 5 years in 90–100% of cases; conversely, women with MPD and a palpable mass associated generally have an underlying invasive carcinoma and a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20–65%. […] Potential advancements in managing patients with MPD offer hopeful opportunities for early diagnosis and increased treatment efficacy. […] These emerging techniques offer hope for early detection and improved patient care, though further validation through large-scale clinical trials is necessary.

• #45 Paget disease (breast) | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/paget-disease-breast?lang=us

  Paget disease of the breast, which is also known as Paget disease of the nipple, has traditionally been described as a form of breast malignancy characterized by infiltration of the nipple epidermis by malignant cells. The condition can represent 1-5% of breast malignancies. The average age at diagnosis is around the 6th decade (53-59 years). […] In most cases of Paget of the breast, there are malignant ductal cells that extend to the nipple surface through the terminal lactiferous ducts. Malignant epithelial (Paget) cells infiltrate and proliferate in the epidermis, causing an eczema-like rash of the nipple and the areolar skin. […] Mammary Paget disease can be undetectable on mammography in ~50% of cases. Features that may be evident on mammography include skin thickening, nipple retraction, subareolar or more diffuse malignant microcalcifications, and discrete subareolar mass(es). […] Traditionally, treatment has been a mastectomy with nodal dissection. However, with MRI, breast-conserving therapy is more frequently being used.

• #46 Surgical treatment in Paget’s disease with invasive ductal carcinoma: an observational study based on SEER | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep45510

  Traditional treatment for PD-IDC has been mastectomy due to the common occurrence of sonographically and mammographically hidden multifocal and multicentric malignancies located in breast tissue far from the nipple. However, with the development of imaging technology, breast conservation surgery (BCS) has been found to be a feasible surgical option with low risk for local recurrence in selected patients. In addition to BCS, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) may be effective in patients with PD; however, its role in PD treatment remains unclear. […] For patients with PD-IDC, the results of multivariate analysis suggested that SLNB was significantly associated with OS during the follow-up period. Further, we analysed survival outcomes by surgical treatment subgroups. We defined two subgroups based on different surgical treatments: one included patients who underwent BCS with radiotherapy and mastectomy, and the other was separated into M+ALND, M+SLNB, BCS+ALND and BCS+SLNB. The results demonstrated no difference between these subgroups for OS or BCSM.

• #47 Surgical treatment in Paget’s disease with invasive ductal carcinoma: an observational study based on SEER | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep45510

  Traditional treatment for PD-IDC has been mastectomy due to the common occurrence of sonographically and mammographically hidden multifocal and multicentric malignancies located in breast tissue far from the nipple. However, with the development of imaging technology, breast conservation surgery (BCS) has been found to be a feasible surgical option with low risk for local recurrence in selected patients. In addition to BCS, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) may be effective in patients with PD; however, its role in PD treatment remains unclear. […] For patients with PD-IDC, the results of multivariate analysis suggested that SLNB was significantly associated with OS during the follow-up period. Further, we analysed survival outcomes by surgical treatment subgroups. We defined two subgroups based on different surgical treatments: one included patients who underwent BCS with radiotherapy and mastectomy, and the other was separated into M+ALND, M+SLNB, BCS+ALND and BCS+SLNB. The results demonstrated no difference between these subgroups for OS or BCSM.

• #48 Surgical treatment in Paget’s disease with invasive ductal carcinoma: an observational study based on SEER | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep45510

  Traditional treatment for PD-IDC has been mastectomy due to the common occurrence of sonographically and mammographically hidden multifocal and multicentric malignancies located in breast tissue far from the nipple. However, with the development of imaging technology, breast conservation surgery (BCS) has been found to be a feasible surgical option with low risk for local recurrence in selected patients. In addition to BCS, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) may be effective in patients with PD; however, its role in PD treatment remains unclear. […] For patients with PD-IDC, the results of multivariate analysis suggested that SLNB was significantly associated with OS during the follow-up period. Further, we analysed survival outcomes by surgical treatment subgroups. We defined two subgroups based on different surgical treatments: one included patients who underwent BCS with radiotherapy and mastectomy, and the other was separated into M+ALND, M+SLNB, BCS+ALND and BCS+SLNB. The results demonstrated no difference between these subgroups for OS or BCSM.

• #49 Mammary Paget Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563228/

  Paget’s disease of the breast is an uncommon manifestation of underlying breast cancer in postmenopausal female patients. […] The Presentation of PDB is much less common as compared to the other presentations of breast malignancy like palpable mass or mammographic findings, accounting for about 1-4 percent of overall presentations. […] Although this is an uncommon presentation, any patient with a chronic persistent skin rash of the nipple should be evaluated for PDB. […] There is some epidemiological data that suggests that the incidence of PDB is decreasing over time. […] The usual range of presentations is 26 to 88 years, with the peak incidence in postmenopausal females in the sixth decade.

• #50 Paget Disease: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/334607-overview

  The prevalence of Paget disease varies greatly in different areas of the world. The highest prevalence is in Europe (predominantly England, France, and Germany). The United States, Australia, and New Zealand have high prevalence rates because of significant populations with northern European ancestry and a large population of British immigrants. The disease is rare in Asian countries, especially China, India, and Malaysia, and in the Middle East and Africa. […] Research from Europe and New Zealand indicates that the prevalence of Paget disease has decreased since the 1980s but that increased incidence with age has been maintained. The estimated prevalence of Paget disease in patients aged 55 years or older has decreased to approximately 2%. […] Paget disease is not known to demonstrate a predilection for any race. Nevertheless, unusual patterns of prevalence have been noted. Paget disease is more common in males than females. The male-to-female ratio is approximately 1.8:1.

• #51 Paget’s Disease | Oncohema Key

  https://oncohemakey.com/pagets-disease/

  Pagets disease, a rare presentation of breast cancer accounts for 1% to 3% of all breast cancers (1, 2). The majority of cases are associated with an underlying malignancy and prognosis is dependent upon the stage of the underlying cancer (3). In a recent review of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data by Chen et al. (4), it was reported that the incidence of Pagets disease has decreased between 1988 and 2002. The age-adjusted incidence rates decreased by 49% for Pagets associated with invasive ductal cancer and by 44% for Pagets associated with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). […] Pagets disease is a more common pathologic than clinical entity (1, 10). Its clinical incidence ranges from 0.5% to 2.8% with a mean of 1.3% in more than 50,900 patients combined from nine studies (1, 10, 11). Histological evidence of Paget cells is present in 0.5% to 4.7% of nipples from breast cancer specimens (1).

• #52 Paget’s Disease | Oncohema Key

  https://oncohemakey.com/pagets-disease/

  In an update of the SEER data, Pagets disease associated with both invasive and DCIS has decreased from 1988 to 2002 by 49% and 44%, respectively (4). However the number of cases of Pagets diagnosed without underlying invasive disease may be increasing. This may be accounted for the increased use of mammography and finding cancers at an earlier stage before they develop Pagetoid features. […] The majority of patients with Pagets disease present with eczema or ulceration of the nipple and many have a prolonged period of symptoms before diagnosis. It is, therefore, important to have a high index of suspicion for Pagets when a patient presents with nipple complaints. The most common initial presentation is erythema and mild eczematous scaling which progresses to crusting, skin erosion, and ulceration, with exudation or frank discharge (Figs. 63-3, 63-4 and 63-5). […] Although most patients with Pagets present with nipple changes, up to 50% will present with a palpable mass. The majority of patients who present with a palpable mass have an underlying invasive cancer and thus have a worse prognosis.

• #53 Paget’s Disease | Oncohema Key

  https://oncohemakey.com/pagets-disease/

  In an update of the SEER data, Pagets disease associated with both invasive and DCIS has decreased from 1988 to 2002 by 49% and 44%, respectively (4). However the number of cases of Pagets diagnosed without underlying invasive disease may be increasing. This may be accounted for the increased use of mammography and finding cancers at an earlier stage before they develop Pagetoid features. […] The majority of patients with Pagets disease present with eczema or ulceration of the nipple and many have a prolonged period of symptoms before diagnosis. It is, therefore, important to have a high index of suspicion for Pagets when a patient presents with nipple complaints. The most common initial presentation is erythema and mild eczematous scaling which progresses to crusting, skin erosion, and ulceration, with exudation or frank discharge (Figs. 63-3, 63-4 and 63-5). […] Although most patients with Pagets present with nipple changes, up to 50% will present with a palpable mass. The majority of patients who present with a palpable mass have an underlying invasive cancer and thus have a worse prognosis.

• #54 Survival outcomes in mammary Paget’s disease | CMAR

  https://www.dovepress.com/clinicopathological-characteristics-and-survival-outcomes-of-mammary-p-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CMAR

  Since PD is a rare disease, most studies have included limited numbers. […] The PD group had significantly worse disease-free survival (DFS) than the non-PD group (5-year DFS: 91.8% vs 97.3%, P = 0.001), and the SEER database showed a similar trend. […] PD with IDC/DCIS is associated with more aggressive tumor characteristics and worse survival outcomes. […] More than half of PD breast cancers are HER-2 overexpression subtype. […] PD is an independent poor-risk factor for breast cancer survival.

• #55 Paget’s Disease of Breast: One-year Experience of a Superspecialty Cancer Hospital

  https://www.jmgumst.com/abstractArticleContentBrowse/JMGUMST/26936/JPJ/fullText

  Prompt diagnosis of this disorder is required to initiate appropriate investigations (skin biopsy) to differentiate it from other benign inflammatory dermatoses and to detect underlying breast carcinoma. […] Biopsy can identify underlying cancer in approximately 90% of cases of Pagets disease. […] Pagets disease is an intraepidermal adenocarcinoma that is difficult to diagnose clinically as it mimics inflammatory or infectious diseases. As a consequence, it may be clinically misdiagnosed resulting in a delay in appropriate management. Pagets disease of the nipple is a rare disease that requires high suspicion and a good knowledge of symptomatology for quick diagnosis.

• #56 Patients with Nipple-Areola Paget’s Disease and Underlying Invasive Breast Carcinoma Have Very Poor Survival: A Matched Cohort Study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0061455

  Patients with PD and underlying IBC tended to have a greater chance of lymph node involvement, lower hormone receptor expression, higher HER2 expression and worse survival compared to those without PD. The subsequent matched study confirmed that the survival of patients with PD and underlying IBC was reduced compared to patients with IBC with similar prognostic factors (stage and characteristics). This finding suggests that PD itself is an indicator of poor survival. […] Some patients were pathologically diagnosed as PD in the absence of clinical PD manifestation. They might have a worse prognosis than patients with clinical PD. Pathologists should carefully examine the nipple after mastectomy to diagnose such non-clinical occult PD. Additionally, further studies need to be performed to investigate the characteristics of occult PD.

• #57

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pagets-disease-nipple/

  Paget’s disease of the nipple, also known as Paget’s disease of the breast, is a rare condition associated with breast cancer. […] About 1 to 4% of women with breast cancer have Paget’s disease of the nipple. It can also affect men, but this is extremely rare. […] As Paget’s disease of the nipple is associated with breast cancer, the sooner it’s diagnosed, the better the outcome is likely to be. […] If Paget’s disease is detected and treated in its early stages, there’s a good chance of a full recovery. […] Breast cancer screening is also used to help detect breast cancer early. In the UK, the NHS Breast Screening Programme provides free breast screening every 3 years for all women aged 50 to 70.

• #58 Mammary Paget Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563228/

  Paget’s disease of the breast is an uncommon manifestation of underlying breast cancer in postmenopausal female patients. […] The Presentation of PDB is much less common as compared to the other presentations of breast malignancy like palpable mass or mammographic findings, accounting for about 1-4 percent of overall presentations. […] Although this is an uncommon presentation, any patient with a chronic persistent skin rash of the nipple should be evaluated for PDB. […] There is some epidemiological data that suggests that the incidence of PDB is decreasing over time. […] The usual range of presentations is 26 to 88 years, with the peak incidence in postmenopausal females in the sixth decade.

• #59 What Is Paget’s Disease of the Breast | Breast Care Center Miami

  https://www.toplinemd.com/breast-care-center-of-miami/blog/what-is-pagets-disease-of-the-breast/

  Paget’s disease of the breast, a rare form of breast cancer, can often be misunderstood or misdiagnosed due to its uncommon nature and unique symptoms. […] Paget’s disease of the breast is a rare type of cancer that predominantly affects the nipple and, in some cases, the surrounding area, known as the areola. […] Paget’s disease of the breast is often associated with underlying ductal breast cancer, which can either be in situ (localized and not spread) or invasive (spread beyond the milk ducts). […] Regular breast examinations, both self-exams and clinical exams, are vital for early detection of Paget’s disease of breast symptoms. […] Understanding the risk factors associated with Paget’s disease of the breast can aid in early detection and prevention. […] The prognosis for Paget’s disease of the breast largely depends on whether the underlying cancer is in situ or invasive and how early the cancer is detected and treated. […] If you or someone you know is experiencing any symptoms, it is vital to seek medical advice immediately for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

• #60 What You Should Know About Paget’s Disease of the Breast – Iowa Radiology

  https://www.iowaradiology.com/what-you-should-know-about-pagets-disease-of-the-breast/

  Pagets disease of the breast, also called Pagets disease of the nipple or mammary Pagets disease, is a rare type of breast cancer that causes changes to the skin of the nipple. It is estimated to be present in 14% of breast cancer cases. More than 90% of patients with mammary Pagets disease also have invasive or noninvasive carcinoma, most often either DCIS or invasive ductal carcinoma. The prevailing theory is that Pagets disease results cells from an underlying ductal cancer travel through the milk ducts to the surface of the nipple; however, since additional cancer is not always found, it is possible that these cells can become cancerous on their own. […] If Pagets disease is suspected, the doctor will likely perform a physical exam to check for palpable tumors, which are found in approximately 50% of Pagets patients. A mammogram, with the possible addition of breast ultrasound and/or MRI is typically performed to look at other areas of the breast for signs of cancer. A biopsy of the nipple and areola is performed to either confirm or rule out the presence of Pagets disease. A biopsy of the sentinel lymph nodes under the arm may also be performed to assess possible spread of cancer cells.

• #61 Paget’s disease of the breast | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/diagnosis/types-of-breast-cancer/pagets-disease-of-the-breast

  Pagets disease of the breast is an uncommon type of breast cancer. […] Pagets disease of the breast happens in less than 5% of women with breast cancer. […] Most people with Pagets disease will have an early form of breast cancer called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) under the nipple or elsewhere in the breast. […] Some people with Pagets disease will also have an underlying invasive breast cancer. […] As Pagets disease is uncommon and can look like other skin conditions, its not always diagnosed straight away. […] You’ll usually continue to be monitored for 5 years after your hospital-based treatments (such as surgery or radiotherapy) finish. This is known as follow-up. […] Most breast cancers dont come back after treatment. But sometimes it can return, so its important you know what signs and symptoms to look out for.

• #62 Paget’s disease of the breast | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/diagnosis/types-of-breast-cancer/pagets-disease-of-the-breast/

  Pagets disease of the breast is an uncommon type of breast cancer. […] Pagets disease of the breast happens in less than 5% of women with breast cancer. […] Most people with Pagets disease will have an early form of breast cancer called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) under the nipple or elsewhere in the breast. […] Some people with Pagets disease will also have an underlying invasive breast cancer. […] As Pagets disease is uncommon and can look like other skin conditions, its not always diagnosed straight away. […] Treatment aims to remove the area of Pagets disease from your breast and reduce the risk of it coming back or spreading to other parts of the body. […] You’ll usually continue to be monitored for 5 years after your hospital-based treatments (such as surgery or radiotherapy) finish. This is known as follow-up. […] Most breast cancers dont come back after treatment. But sometimes it can return, so its important you know what signs and symptoms to look out for.

• #63 Paget’s disease of the breast | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/diagnosis/types-of-breast-cancer/pagets-disease-of-the-breast

  Pagets disease of the breast is an uncommon type of breast cancer. […] Pagets disease of the breast happens in less than 5% of women with breast cancer. […] Most people with Pagets disease will have an early form of breast cancer called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) under the nipple or elsewhere in the breast. […] Some people with Pagets disease will also have an underlying invasive breast cancer. […] As Pagets disease is uncommon and can look like other skin conditions, its not always diagnosed straight away. […] You’ll usually continue to be monitored for 5 years after your hospital-based treatments (such as surgery or radiotherapy) finish. This is known as follow-up. […] Most breast cancers dont come back after treatment. But sometimes it can return, so its important you know what signs and symptoms to look out for.

• #64 Paget’s disease of the breast | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/diagnosis/types-of-breast-cancer/pagets-disease-of-the-breast/

  Pagets disease of the breast is an uncommon type of breast cancer. […] Pagets disease of the breast happens in less than 5% of women with breast cancer. […] Most people with Pagets disease will have an early form of breast cancer called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) under the nipple or elsewhere in the breast. […] Some people with Pagets disease will also have an underlying invasive breast cancer. […] As Pagets disease is uncommon and can look like other skin conditions, its not always diagnosed straight away. […] Treatment aims to remove the area of Pagets disease from your breast and reduce the risk of it coming back or spreading to other parts of the body. […] You’ll usually continue to be monitored for 5 years after your hospital-based treatments (such as surgery or radiotherapy) finish. This is known as follow-up. […] Most breast cancers dont come back after treatment. But sometimes it can return, so its important you know what signs and symptoms to look out for.

• #65 Local recurrence of mammary Paget’s disease after nipple-sparing mastectomy and implant breast reconstruction: a case report and literature review | World Journal of Surgical Oncology | Full Text

  https://wjso.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12957-022-02746-4

  The incidence rate of local tumor recurrence after NSM with preservation of the NAC is still unclear. […] The local NAC recurrence rate after NSM is low, and the local recurrence rate of Pagets disease is only 12%. Furthermore, the prognosis is good in recurrent patients who undergo extensive NAC excision. Therefore, NSM with prosthetic breast reconstruction is a safe surgical method for young patients with early breast cancer, but long-term postoperative monitoring is required to identify local recurrence, especially in patients with ER- and PR-negative and HER-2-positive tumors.

• #66 Local recurrence of mammary Paget’s disease after nipple-sparing mastectomy and implant breast reconstruction: a case report and literature review | World Journal of Surgical Oncology | Full Text

  https://wjso.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12957-022-02746-4

  The incidence rate of local tumor recurrence after NSM with preservation of the NAC is still unclear. […] The local NAC recurrence rate after NSM is low, and the local recurrence rate of Pagets disease is only 12%. Furthermore, the prognosis is good in recurrent patients who undergo extensive NAC excision. Therefore, NSM with prosthetic breast reconstruction is a safe surgical method for young patients with early breast cancer, but long-term postoperative monitoring is required to identify local recurrence, especially in patients with ER- and PR-negative and HER-2-positive tumors.

• #67 A Pictorial Exploration of Mammary Paget Disease: Insights and Perspectives

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/21/5276

  MPD prognosis in patients without a palpable mass is generally good with a survival rate of 5 years in 90–100% of cases; conversely, women with MPD and a palpable mass associated generally have an underlying invasive carcinoma and a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20–65%. […] Potential advancements in managing patients with MPD offer hopeful opportunities for early diagnosis and increased treatment efficacy. […] These emerging techniques offer hope for early detection and improved patient care, though further validation through large-scale clinical trials is necessary.

• #68 A Pictorial Exploration of Mammary Paget Disease: Insights and Perspectives

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/21/5276

  MPD prognosis in patients without a palpable mass is generally good with a survival rate of 5 years in 90–100% of cases; conversely, women with MPD and a palpable mass associated generally have an underlying invasive carcinoma and a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20–65%. […] Potential advancements in managing patients with MPD offer hopeful opportunities for early diagnosis and increased treatment efficacy. […] These emerging techniques offer hope for early detection and improved patient care, though further validation through large-scale clinical trials is necessary.

• #69 Paget’s disease of the breast | Breast cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/types/pagets-disease-breast

  Paget’s disease of the breast is a rare condition of the nipple that is associated with some breast cancers. Pagets disease is a sign that there might be breast cancer in the tissues behind the nipple. About half of the people diagnosed with Paget’s disease of the breast have a lump behind the nipple. Paget’s disease of the breast is rare. It is found in 1 to 3 out of every 100 breast cancers (1 to 3%) diagnosed in women. […] But most people with Pagets disease of the breast who have no lump behind the nipple, have ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). […] You usually have regular check ups after treatment for Pagets disease of the breast. How often you have check ups depends on your individual situation. […] Doctors and researchers are carrying out trials to find better tests and treatments for breast cancer and other conditions such as Pagets disease.

• #70 :: Journal of Breast Disease

  https://www.jbd.or.kr/m/journal/view.php?number=126

  Intramammary Pagets disease is an uncommon disease in which 90% of the cases are accompanied by invasive or noninvasive ductal carcinoma. It comprises approximately 0.7%-4.3% of all breast cancers. […] Intramammary Pagets disease with dermal invasion has been reported rarely worldwide, and its management and prognosis remain unknown. […] When biopsy of the nipple-areolar complex is positive for Pagets disease, breast MRI is recommended to define the extent of disease and identify additional diseases. […] Traditionally, management of intramammary Pagets disease has been considered to be total mastectomy with ipsilateral axillary dissection. […] There is no clear information on the clinical outcome or post-operative management of invasive intramammary Pagets disease due to its rare incidence.

• #71 :: Journal of Breast Disease

  https://www.jbd.or.kr/m/journal/view.php?number=126

  In Korea, according to a study by Lee et al., invasive intramammary Pagets disease was found in 16 cases from a total of 205 cases reviewed retrospectively for 20 years, from 1994 to 2013. […] Due to its scarcity, there is still little information regarding its management and prognosis. […] Further studies are necessary to determine the usefulness of sentinel lymph node biopsy and establish management protocols for invasive intramammary Pagets disease.

• #72 :: Journal of Breast Disease

  https://www.jbd.or.kr/m/journal/view.php?number=126

  In Korea, according to a study by Lee et al., invasive intramammary Pagets disease was found in 16 cases from a total of 205 cases reviewed retrospectively for 20 years, from 1994 to 2013. […] Due to its scarcity, there is still little information regarding its management and prognosis. […] Further studies are necessary to determine the usefulness of sentinel lymph node biopsy and establish management protocols for invasive intramammary Pagets disease.

• #73 Paget Disease of the Breast | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/breast-cancer/paget-disease-of-the-breast.html

  Paget disease is a rare form of breast cancer, making up 1-4% of all breast cancer cases, according to the National Cancer Institute. […] The survival rate for Paget disease is slightly lower than for breast cancer overall. However, if the disease is caught early, the chances for a cure are high. […] Because Paget disease is a rare breast cancer, finding a team with the expertise to properly diagnose and treat this cancer is essential. […] Paget disease patients will also benefit from our multidisciplinary approach to care.

• #74 Paget Disease of the Breast | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/breast-cancer/paget-disease-of-the-breast.html

  Paget disease is a rare form of breast cancer, making up 1-4% of all breast cancer cases, according to the National Cancer Institute. […] The survival rate for Paget disease is slightly lower than for breast cancer overall. However, if the disease is caught early, the chances for a cure are high. […] Because Paget disease is a rare breast cancer, finding a team with the expertise to properly diagnose and treat this cancer is essential. […] Paget disease patients will also benefit from our multidisciplinary approach to care.

• #75 Breast Paget’s disease. Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Clínica Universidad de Navarra

  https://www.cun.es/en/diseases-treatments/diseases/breast-paget-disease

  „The experience of the medical team in diagnosing Paget’s disease in the breast is essential because it is often confused with a benign skin lesion and is not treated in a timely manner.” […] „Paget’s disease of the breast is a rare cancer (1-3 % of the cases of breast cancer) that affects the skin of the areola-nipple complex.” […] „In more than 80% of the cases of patients with Paget’s disease, there is a ductal carcinoma of the breast in situ that underlies the lesion and must be treated appropriately.” […] „Most cases occur in women, and especially in postmenopausal women in their 50s and 60s, although it can also occur in men.” […] „Diagnosis of Paget’s disease usually begins with a complete history of the patient and a physical examination of the breasts.” […] „If there is suspicion of disease, a mammography and ultrasound will be performed.”

• #76 A Pictorial Exploration of Mammary Paget Disease: Insights and Perspectives

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/21/5276

  MRI’s higher sensitivity in evaluating the retroareolar region provides crucial information for clinically evident MPD cases with occult findings in DM and US and for the preoperative assessment of disease extent in patients eligible for breast-conserving therapy. […] Accurate assessment and appropriate management of patients with MPD require a multidisciplinary discussion conducted by an expert team. […] Following diagnosis with a NAC punch-biopsy, breast surgery remains the first approach for the treatment. […] The literature reports controversial results about loco-regional recurrence after mastectomy or BCS for MPD. […] MPD prognosis is related to invasive components, axillary lymph node metastasis, and palpable mass. […] Invasive cancers associated with MPD are more likely to be high-grade, estrogen- and progesterone-receptor negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive than those in patients with no associated MPD.

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