Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/ijcn/fulltext/2015/16020/caring_for_a_patient_with_moyamoya_disease__a_case.3.aspx

  Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disorder that is characterized by progressive stenosis of distal portion of the internal carotid artery and its main branches. […] Therefore nurses have a great role to play in the management of patients during the acute as well as the rehabilitative phases. […] Nursing management of a patient with Moyamoya is presented using nursing process approach (Hickey, 2009; Smeltzer Bare, 2010). […] The child underwent encephaloduroarterio- synangiosis surgery. […] Nursing care rendered needs to be comprehensive and complete. The nurse needs to ensure that adequate education is provided to caregivers for ongoing care even at home.

• #1 Moyamoya disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/moyamoya-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355591

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your moyamoya disease-related health concerns […] Healthcare professionals evaluate your condition and determine the treatment that is right for you. Treatment doesn’t cure moyamoya disease. But treatment can help prevent strokes. […] The goal of treatment is to reduce your symptoms and improve blood flow to the brain. Treatment also aims to lower your risk of complications. […] Medicines may be prescribed to manage symptoms, to reduce the risk of a stroke or to aid in seizure control. […] In a direct revascularization procedure, your surgeon connects a scalp artery, known as a superficial temporal artery, directly to the middle brain artery, known as a middle cerebral artery. This increases blood flow to the brain. […] Early surgical treatment can help slow progression of moyamoya disease.

• #1 Moyamoya Disease | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/m/moyamoya

  Moyamoya disease does not get better without treatment. In fact, it tends to get worse especially in young children. […] Immediate treatment for Moyamoya disease is essential, since the disease increases a child’s risk for stroke and seizures. Treatment may include surgery and/or medication. […] The only proven, long-term treatment for Moyamoya disease is surgery. The goal of surgery is to create a healthy, new supply of blood for the part of the brain affected by this disease. […] Medication cannot cure Moyamoya disease or stop its progression. But, it still plays an important role. […] After the initial diagnosis of Moyamoya, children who suffered a stroke may need rehabilitation therapy. A personalized therapy plan may include physical, occupational and/or speech therapy. It can help patients regain as much lost function as possible. Depending on your child’s needs, therapy may take place before and/or after surgery.

• #1 Moyamoya: Specialized care for a rare cerebrovascular disease – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/medical-professionals/neurology-neurosurgery/news/moyamoya-specialized-care-for-a-rare-cerebrovascular-disease/mac-20488603

  Although rare, moyamoya disease can have devastating consequences, triggering strokes and seizures in children and adults. […] Mayo Clinic’s approach utilizes a multidisciplinary moyamoya clinic to provide timely evaluation and treatment for this complex disorder. […] The moyamoya clinic is a one-stop shop where patients can be seen in a single day by experts in vascular neurology and vascular neurosurgery. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of moyamoya disease are essential to prevent debilitating stroke and seizures. […] Physicians should consider referring a patient to moyamoya specialists if the patient has had recurrent strokes and has signs of large vessel cerebrovascular disease. […] Test results and the clinical work-up are used to generate an individual treatment plan. […] Medical management includes the use of blood thinners, blood pressure medications, cholesterol lowering medications and immunosuppressants.

• #1 Moyamoya Program | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/programs/moyamoya-program

  The Moyamoya Program at Boston Children’s Hospital provides the full spectrum of diagnostic, consultation, surgical, and follow-up care services for children and adolescents with moyamoya. This life-threatening condition causes a slowing of the blood flow to the brain. […] Our team of moyamoya experts collaborate with our clinicians across the hospital — from neurologists, radiologists, and anesthesiologists to physical therapists, social workers, and speech therapists — to devise a comprehensive treatment plan that is right for your child and family. […] The Boston Children’s Moyamoya Program is the largest center of its kind in the country — and our team is the most experienced in caring for children and adolescents with this rare condition. […] We are also the highest volume center for surgical treatment, called revascularization, in patients with moyamoya, with the shortest length of stay and best outcomes.

• #1 Burden of Psychiatric Disorders in Moyamoya Disease: A National Inpatient Perspective From 2007–2014

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/burden-psychiatric-disorders-moyamoya-disease-national-inpatient-perspective-from-2007-2014/

  Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular illness that causes progressive stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches, increasing the risk of stroke. […] A multidisciplinary approach between neurology, psychiatry, and primary care can improve screening and management of comorbid psychiatric disorders. […] The impact of Moyamoya disease on mental health services is expected to grow, as the conditions prevalence is increasing at a rate of approximately 1.5- to 2-fold. […] Only 25% of patients with Moyamoya disease had previously received mental health and substance abuse screenings. […] Because of the multifactorial pathogenesis of psychiatric illness in Moyamoya disease, a multidisciplinary approach between neurology, psychiatry, and primary care can improve screening and management of comorbid psychiatric disorders.

• #1 Moyamoya Disease in Children | Treatment | Neurology, Neurosurgery, Spine Care | UTHealth Neurosciences

  https://med.uth.edu/neurosciences/conditions-and-treatments/moyamoya-disease-in-children/

  Medication, such as blood thinners, may be prescribed to lower the risk of stroke, but surgery will typically be needed. […] Several types of revascularization surgeries are available, and your UTHealth Neurosciences team will discuss the best options with you. […] An experienced neurosurgeon would perform the procedure. […] In cases where a stroke had already occurred, physical therapy may be needed after surgery. […] Our dedicated team uses advanced technology to accurately diagnose and treat neurological diseases and conditions impacting babies and children. […] We work in multidisciplinary teams of specialists and pediatric neurosurgeons who share insights, leading to better treatment decision-making and outcomes, as well as lower costs and time savings. […] Throughout treatment, we will work closely with the doctor who referred your family to ensure a smooth transition back to your child’s regular care. […] While your family is with us, they will receive expert care, excellent communication, and genuine compassion.

• #1 Moyamoya Program | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/programs/moyamoya-program

  The only effective long-term treatment for moyamoya is surgery. […] In addition, we also offer several other leading-edge treatment options including: Same-anesthesia bilateral hemisphere revascularization, Surgical treatment of sickle cell patients with moyamoya, including timed exchange transfusions, ICU management, and medication regimen, Specific surgical protocols for patients who have moyamoya and neurofibromatosis or Down syndrome, Occipital synangiosis for cerebral revascularization. […] Our physicians conduct research into the causes, development, and treatment of moyamoya.

• #1 Living with Moyamoya Disease: Challenges, Symptoms, and Treatment Options.

  https://themorrisonclinic.com/living-with-moyamoya-disease-managing-daily-challenges-and-treatment-options

  Medication plays a supportive role in moyamoya disease management. Aspirin is commonly prescribed to reduce the risk of blood clots and prevent strokes. This is particularly important for patients with milder forms of the disease. […] Regular follow-up appointments and imaging tests are essential parts of non-surgical management to monitor your condition. Morrison Clinic offers comprehensive care plans to help manage your symptoms effectively. […] Surgery is the preferred treatment option for moyamoya disease, as it’s the most effective way to increase blood flow to the brain. […] Early surgical intervention is crucial as it can significantly slow disease progression and reduce stroke risk. […] Morrison Clinic offers comprehensive follow-up care to monitor your progress after surgery.

• #1 Moyamoya Center | Providence

  https://www.providence.org/locations/or/brain-and-spine-institute/programs/moyamoya-center

  Our surgeons have advanced skills in microsurgery. They have a high rate of success in all performing all types of cerebral bypass surgeries. […] The direct bypass method, called an extracranial-tointracranial bypass, improves blood flow immediately. It is the preferred method, and it is the one that our surgeons use most frequently for Moyamoya disease. […] When direct bypass is not an option, surgeons may perform one of three types of indirect bypass grafts. For patients who face higher risks with direct bypass and for those who may not have a suitable graft available, the indirect methods are good options. […] The surgical exposure includes both the frontal and temporal lobes. The fissure between the two lobes carries the majority of the blood vessels that provide oxygen to this region of the brain.

• #1 Moyamoya Disease | Conditions | UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals

  https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/conditions/moyamoya

  Moyamoya disease is a rare disorder in which the internal carotid arteries blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to the brain narrow over time. […] Although there’s no cure for moyamoya disease, there are treatment options. Children who experience strokes and recurrent TIAs can take aspirin and other medications to reduce the risk of future events. There are also several types of surgery used to treat moyamoya by creating a bypass for the blocked areas. […] Our pediatric neurosurgeons offer two procedures for moyamoya: Indirect bypass, or encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) bypass. The pediatric neurosurgeon uses an artery that normally carries blood to the scalp to reestablish blood flow to the brain. […] Direct bypass, or extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass. As with indirect bypass, the neurosurgeon uses a blood vessel that supplies the scalp. Instead of laying it on top of the brain, however, the surgeon directly connects it to one of the brain’s existing blood vessels. This procedure is more invasive than indirect bypass, but it restores blood flow immediately.

• #1 Management Of Moyamoya Disease: A Neurosurgeon’s Guide – FeM Surgery

  https://www.femsurgery.com/management-of-moyamoya-disease-a-neurosurgeons-guide/

  Post-surgical care focuses on monitoring for complications and promoting recovery. This includes close observation for signs of bleeding or stroke, managing pain, and ensuring proper wound care. Rehabilitation through physical and occupational therapy can help address any motor or cognitive impairments. Medication management, particularly antiplatelet therapy, can also help prevent blood clots. Regular follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor the effectiveness of the surgery and any changes in the patients condition. […] Effective management of Moyamoya disease involves monitoring for complications, both in the immediate postoperative period and over the long term. […] Regular neurological assessments can help detect early signs of reduced blood flow or mini-strokes. Medications like aspirin can be used to lower the risk of blood clots and strokes.

• #1 Post Operative Care for Moyamoya Surgery | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/brain-and-nerves/moyamoya/treatments/post-op-care.html

  Each of the surgical procedures requires approximately three days of hospitalization. The first night after surgery is spent in the intensive care unit. The day after surgery, patients are encouraged to get out of bed and ambulate several times a day. Food is generally offered the day after surgery, starting with liquids and advancing to a regular diet as tolerated. […] Post-operatively, patients experience some minor scalp pain from the incision, and some patients may get headaches. Pain medication is routinely prescribed. […] Patients with moyamoya will have minimal restrictions after surgery. They usually don’t have their „normal” energy level for a few weeks after surgery. Activities are generally left up to the patients. We recommend that contact sports not be played for several weeks.

• #1 Post Operative Care for Moyamoya Surgery | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/brain-and-nerves/moyamoya/treatments/post-op-care.html

  Patients take an oral anti-platelet agent, such as daily aspirin, after surgery and for the rest of their lives. This is recommended because it thins the blood, which promotes flow through the grafts. […] Patients who have stomach problems should use coated aspirin and take it with food. If it’s still not tolerated, another drug will generally be prescribed. […] Patients with moyamoya are not restricted from becoming pregnant after surgical treatment. Aspirin is still recommended throughout the pregnancy. […] The general range for blood pressure should be 110-130 over 70-90. […] Patients can be diagnosed after their physician refers them for an MRI due to headaches, but the headaches may not actually be due to moyamoya. […] Patients who have direct or indirect bypass grafts have a risk of compressing their grafts if they wear eyeglasses or other devices that fit too closely to their heads around the temple area.

• #1 Moyamoya disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/moyamoya-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355591

  To address the physical and mental effects of a stroke on you or your child, your healthcare professional may recommend an evaluation by a psychiatrist or therapist. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy can help address emotional issues related to having moyamoya disease, such as how to cope with fears and uncertainties about future strokes. […] Physical and occupational therapy can help regain any lost physical function caused by a stroke.

• #1 Management Of Moyamoya Disease: A Neurosurgeon’s Guide – FeM Surgery

  https://www.femsurgery.com/management-of-moyamoya-disease-a-neurosurgeons-guide/

  Regular check-ups and imaging studies can aid the early identification and management of potential surgical complications, which include infection and bleeding. In some cases, surgery can cause conditions like cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome, where there is an abrupt increase in blood flow to previously restricted areas of the brain. This requires immediate attention. […] Regular evaluations can identify any decline in cognitive abilities and implement timely interventions. For those experiencing cognitive impairments, therapies focused on memory, executive functioning, and attention can be beneficial. For patients experiencing seizures, continuous monitoring and adjustment of anticonvulsant medications are necessary. […] Lifestyle and dietary choices play a role in the long-term management of Moyamoya disease. These considerations aim to promote overall health and reduce risk factors associated with the condition.

• #1 Moyamoya Disease | Knowledge Brush-Up – General Nursing Support

  https://allnurses.com/moyamoya-disease-knowledge-brush-up-t732709/

  I recently cared for a patient diagnosed with moyamoya disease who was being admitted to inpatient rehabilitation. […] The focus of treatment is aimed at reducing the risk of repeated strokes and creating a new blood supply to the affected areas of the brain. […] Medications and surgical interventions are both used to slow the disease progression. […] Physical, speech and occupational therapy are used when patients have experienced long-term damage from strokes. These therapies help regain function and develop ways to promote independence.

• #1 Moyamoya Disease – Child Neurology Foundation

  https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/disorder/moyamoya-disease/

  General medical care is also important. General medical care provides help with: Child development, Providing good nutrition, Maintaining normal blood pressure, Overall health. […] In some children, moyamoya disease can be mild. It can be stable over time. These children can be treated with medications to prevent stroke. They are monitored by their doctors. […] Children and their families mental health may be adversely affected by living with moyamoya. This should be carefully considered and treated as needed.

• #1 Moyamoya Disease | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/moyamoya-disease

  At The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, stroke and rehabilitation specialists from the dedicated Pediatric Stroke Program work in close partnership with the pediatric neurosurgery team to provide comprehensive care for children with moyamoya disease. […] After the initial diagnosis and treatment of stroke or TIA, children with moyamoya disease need a variety of medical and rehabilitation therapies. These therapies are focused on preventing another stroke from occurring, and helping your child recover function. […] Most children with moyamoya disease who experience a stroke will be prescribed a lifelong aspirin regimen, taken once daily to help keep the narrowed blood vessels open. Rehabilitation services such as physical therapy, occupational therapy or speech therapy are another important part of treatment for most children who have experienced a stroke.

• #1 Is medical management useful in Moyamoya disease?

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v12/i3/466.htm

  Antihypertensive interventions aim to manage blood pressure meticulously, especially during intracerebral hemorrhage, with recommendations and protocols varying based on the patients hypertension status. […] Comprehensive guidelines and protocols to navigate the multifaceted therapeutic avenues for MMD, while maintaining a delicate balance between efficacy and safety, warrant further meticulous research and development. […] The primary treatment approach for MMD is surgical revascularization, while medical therapy is used as a supplementary treatment. […] Antithrombotic therapy, such as antiplatelet medications, anticoagulants, and thrombolytic drugs, may be employed to prevent infarctions in MMD. […] Antihypertensive treatment is recommended for Moyamoya patients, particularly during the early phase of intracerebral hemorrhage, to prevent hematoma expansion.

• #1 Is medical management useful in Moyamoya disease?

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v12/i3/466.htm

  Moyamoya disease (MMD), characterized by progressive internal carotid artery stenosis and collateral vessel formation, prompts cerebral perfusion complications and is stratified into idiopathic and Moyamoya syndrome subtypes. […] A multifaceted approach toward MMD management addresses cerebral infarctions through revascularization surgery and adjunctive medical therapy, while also navigating risks such as intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral infarction resulting from arterial stenosis and fragile collateral vessels. […] Addressing antithrombotic management reveals a potential role for treatments like antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, despite the ambiguous contribution of thrombosis to MMD-related infarctions and the critical balance between preventing ischemic events and averting hemorrhagic complications.

• #1 Moyamoya Disease: Symptoms, Stages, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/moyamoya-disease

  Certain medications can also help people with moyamoya disease. For example: Antiseizure medications may be prescribed if youve had seizures. Blood thinners can reduce your chances of experiencing a stroke. Calcium channel blockers can reduce headaches and symptoms related to TIAs. […] Because moyamoya disease affects brain functioning, occupational or physical therapy may help improve ones quality of life. For example, it can help you build developmental skills and improve physical function affected by a stroke. […] When treated, a person with moyamoya disease can live a full and healthy life.

• #1 Moyamoya: Specialized care for a rare cerebrovascular disease – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/medical-professionals/neurology-neurosurgery/news/moyamoya-specialized-care-for-a-rare-cerebrovascular-disease/mac-20488603

  Surgery involves direct or indirect revascularization. […] Individuals with moyamoya disease require lifelong care. […] The moyamoya clinic performs regular follow-up imaging to determine if a patient’s vascular bypass has matured. […] Patients can receive initial or follow-up care at any Mayo Clinic campus, as all three academic campuses have cerebrovascular specialists with experience in moyamoya.

• #1 Moyamoya Disease | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/m/moyamoya

  After surgery, your child will probably be discharged from the hospital in two to three days. Children usually can return to most of their regular activities within two to four weeks. […] In addition to taking any medication prescribed by the doctor, your child must stay well hydrated at all times. This helps boost blood volume in the body and provide an adequate blood flow through the arteries. […] Most children will return to the hospital for an initial follow-up visit within several weeks of surgery. After that, they will come back for regularly scheduled check-ups. These appointments may happen every six months to a year. […] Your child’s treatment team can talk to you about your child’s expected recovery. You also will learn what you can do to help your child reach their full potential.

• #1 Post Operative Care for Moyamoya Surgery | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/brain-and-nerves/moyamoya/treatments/post-op-care.html

  Follow up tests including an angiogram, MRI, blood flow studies and neuropsychological testing are performed at 6 months, 3 years, 10 years and 20 years following surgery. […] For patients who have unilateral moyamoya, we recommend an annual CT angiogram or MRI/MRA to look for progression of moyamoya on the other side. […] Patients should always stay well hydrated, drinking between 2-3 liters of non-caffeinated beverages each day.

• #1 Management Of Moyamoya Disease: A Neurosurgeon’s Guide – FeM Surgery

  https://www.femsurgery.com/management-of-moyamoya-disease-a-neurosurgeons-guide/

  A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats supports vascular health. Nutrient-dense foods provide vitamins and minerals, which are necessary for maintaining optimal bodily functions. Reducing the intake of saturated fats, cholesterol, and sodium can help manage blood pressure and cholesterol levels, thereby reducing the risk of stroke. […] Adequate hydration helps maintain blood volume and viscosity. Patients are encouraged to drink sufficient water throughout the day to prevent dehydration, which may exacerbate the symptoms. […] Regular exercise, tailored to the individuals capabilities and health status, can improve cardiovascular health and overall well-being. Activities should be chosen carefully to avoid excessive strain, especially in patients with physical limitations or those at risk of bleeding.

• #1 Moyamoya Disease | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/moyamoya-disease

  Children with moyamoya disease or moyamoya syndrome will receive coordinated follow-up care from the Pediatric Stroke Program team and the neurosurgery team. Your childs follow-up care will be tailored to her individual needs and those of your family. […] The Pediatric Stroke Program provides education and support for families of children with stroke and encourages active involvement of the family in all phases of care, including advocating for their childs needs in the community setting. […] The majority of children receiving the combination of medical and surgical therapy for moyamoya disease have a good outcome, with a low risk of recurrent stroke. Restoring blood flow to the brain is an important step in maximizing their recovery of function. Surgery can be very effective in delivering blood to the brain and improving function.

• #1 Living with Moyamoya | World Moyamoya Alliance

  https://www.moyamoya.org/living-with-moyamoya

  Get smart. Moyamoya is rare and unfortunately not well-known across the medical community. It is going to be important for you to learn everything you can about your condition, so you will be better equipped to make decisions about your care. Start early by seeking out centers that specialize in the treatment of moyamoya for your initial surgical decisions. […] Build a team. Moyamoya is for life. Neurosurgeons are going to be the specialists who have the largest body of knowledge about your disease, but neurosurgeons operate; they arent intended to provide day-to-day disease management. […] Manage your medications. The good news is that for many moyamoya patients, medication therapy is limited to a single aspirin a day. Other patients require more aggressive medical management therapies including anticoagulants, blood pressure medications, anti-convulsant medicine, migraine preventatives and pain relief medications.

• #1 Moyamoya Disease Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Therapy, Direct and Indirect Anastomosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1180952-treatment

  Initial neurologic consultation is imperative. A neurologist can document neurologic deficits, consider the differential diagnosis, conduct testing to validate suspected etiologies, and commence medical management as indicated. […] Neuroradiology consultation is needed to help determine the extent of radiologic testing needed (ie, MRA vs conventional angiography). Based on the results of these tests, a neurosurgeon can decide if surgical intervention will be helpful.

• #1 Moyamoya Syndrome Diagnosis & Treatment – NYC | Columbia Neurosurgery in New York City

  https://www.neurosurgery.columbia.edu/patient-care/conditions/moyamoya-syndrome

  The most common indirect revascularization procedures are encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) and pial synangiosis. […] EDAS and pial synangiosis are excellent options for pediatric moyamoya patients, and for adult patients who cannot undergo an EC/IC bypass. […] Like all other surgical procedures, revascularization surgeries do carry some risk, including bleeding and stroke. However, these risks are usually far outweighed by the benefits of surgery. […] Surgery generally provides a good long-term outlook for moyamoya.

• #1 Get Moyamoya Disease Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/moyamoya-disease-treatment

  We can often treat milder forms of moyamoya disease with aspirin and other medications combined with regular appointments and testing to make sure it doesnt get worse. […] If youve had frequent TIAs and/or other severe symptoms, youre at a higher risk for blockages to get worse. And that means you could have a major stroke or bleeding in your brain. If thats the case your provider may decide to do cerebral bypass surgery. This can help restore blood flow to your brain. […] Because moyamoya disease is a condition thats treatable but ongoing, youll continue to meet periodically with your care team for the rest of your life. […] With the right care, you can reduce your risk of strokes and other serious symptoms that keep you from doing the things you love.

• #1 Moyamoya Disease: Symptoms, Stages, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/moyamoya-disease

  Moyamoya disease can be treated through medication and surgery. With the right treatment, its possible for people with moyamoya disease to live long, healthy lives. […] Without treatment, the brains blood supply may decrease over time. As a result, people with moyamoya disease may experience multiple strokes and mental decline. When moyamoya disease is left untreated, it can be fatal. Because of this, its important that moyamoya disease is treated as soon as possible. […] Moyamoya disease can be treated through surgery or medications. Some people with moyamoya disease experience no further strokes or complications after surgery. […] Surgery is the primary treatment for moyamoya disease. Certain surgeries, called revascularizations, can open narrowed blood vessels or bypass blocked vessels and improve blood flow to the brain.

• #1 Moyamoya Disease | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/m/moyamoya-disease.html

  Surgery is the preferred treatment for moyamoya disease. However drug therapy may be used as an alternative when surgery is not an option. […] Full recovery from surgery may take six to 12 months, though many patients see an improvement in their symptoms almost immediately. If a patient has had major bleeding into the brain, the damage may be permanent, and prompt treatment is important to preserve as much brain function as possible. […] When surgery is not an option, medication may be used as treatment. Medicines that prevent clots from forming, including aspirin, may be helpful. No drug, however, can prevent the arteries to the brain from narrowing. Because medications do not offer a permanent solution, surgery is the preferred treatment option whenever possible.

• #1 Management Of Moyamoya Disease: A Neurosurgeon’s Guide – FeM Surgery

  https://www.femsurgery.com/management-of-moyamoya-disease-a-neurosurgeons-guide/

  Avoid smoking, as smoking can exacerbate vascular problems. Alcohol consumption should also be limited, as excessive alcohol can affect blood pressure and overall health. […] Chronic stress can negatively impact cardiovascular health. Stress-reducing activities such as mindfulness, meditation, yoga, or other relaxation techniques can be beneficial. […] Adequate and regular sleep is necessary for neurological health. Patients should aim for consistent sleep schedules and ensure good sleep hygiene. […] Moyamoya disease is a complex condition requiring long-term management. Accurate diagnosis, timely surgical intervention, and comprehensive post-surgical care can improve patient outcomes. Lifestyle modifications and ongoing medical monitoring play roles in effectively managing the disease. With a coordinated care approach, individuals with Moyamoya can lead fulfilling lives despite the challenges posed by this condition.

• #2 Burden of Psychiatric Disorders in Moyamoya Disease: A National Inpatient Perspective From 2007–2014

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/burden-psychiatric-disorders-moyamoya-disease-national-inpatient-perspective-from-2007-2014/

  Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular illness that causes progressive stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches, increasing the risk of stroke. […] A multidisciplinary approach between neurology, psychiatry, and primary care can improve screening and management of comorbid psychiatric disorders. […] The impact of Moyamoya disease on mental health services is expected to grow, as the conditions prevalence is increasing at a rate of approximately 1.5- to 2-fold. […] Only 25% of patients with Moyamoya disease had previously received mental health and substance abuse screenings. […] Because of the multifactorial pathogenesis of psychiatric illness in Moyamoya disease, a multidisciplinary approach between neurology, psychiatry, and primary care can improve screening and management of comorbid psychiatric disorders.

• #2 Moyamoya Disease | Diagnosis, Symptoms, Treatment & More | CHOC

  https://choc.org/neuroscience/moyamoya-disease/

  We practice a team approach to healing. Neurological conditions in children require a team of caregivers including neurologists, orthopedic specialists, nurses, social workers, rehabilitation therapists and more. Our team works together on every aspect of your child’s care from diagnostics to surgery and follow-up care.

• #2 Post Operative Care for Moyamoya Surgery | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/brain-and-nerves/moyamoya/treatments/post-op-care.html

  Follow up tests including an angiogram, MRI, blood flow studies and neuropsychological testing are performed at 6 months, 3 years, 10 years and 20 years following surgery. […] For patients who have unilateral moyamoya, we recommend an annual CT angiogram or MRI/MRA to look for progression of moyamoya on the other side. […] Patients should always stay well hydrated, drinking between 2-3 liters of non-caffeinated beverages each day.

• #2 Management Of Moyamoya Disease: A Neurosurgeon’s Guide – FeM Surgery

  https://www.femsurgery.com/management-of-moyamoya-disease-a-neurosurgeons-guide/

  Post-surgical care focuses on monitoring for complications and promoting recovery. This includes close observation for signs of bleeding or stroke, managing pain, and ensuring proper wound care. Rehabilitation through physical and occupational therapy can help address any motor or cognitive impairments. Medication management, particularly antiplatelet therapy, can also help prevent blood clots. Regular follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor the effectiveness of the surgery and any changes in the patients condition. […] Effective management of Moyamoya disease involves monitoring for complications, both in the immediate postoperative period and over the long term. […] Regular neurological assessments can help detect early signs of reduced blood flow or mini-strokes. Medications like aspirin can be used to lower the risk of blood clots and strokes.

• #2 Is medical management useful in Moyamoya disease?

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v12/i3/466.htm

  The effectiveness of lipid-lowering treatment in MMD is not well-established. However, statins have demonstrated benefits in preventing ischemic strokes in patients with atherosclerotic disease and may also slow the progression of MMD. […] Further research is necessary to determine the role of lipid-lowering therapy in MMD.

• #2 Post Operative Care for Moyamoya Surgery | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/brain-and-nerves/moyamoya/treatments/post-op-care.html

  Patients take an oral anti-platelet agent, such as daily aspirin, after surgery and for the rest of their lives. This is recommended because it thins the blood, which promotes flow through the grafts. […] Patients who have stomach problems should use coated aspirin and take it with food. If it’s still not tolerated, another drug will generally be prescribed. […] Patients with moyamoya are not restricted from becoming pregnant after surgical treatment. Aspirin is still recommended throughout the pregnancy. […] The general range for blood pressure should be 110-130 over 70-90. […] Patients can be diagnosed after their physician refers them for an MRI due to headaches, but the headaches may not actually be due to moyamoya. […] Patients who have direct or indirect bypass grafts have a risk of compressing their grafts if they wear eyeglasses or other devices that fit too closely to their heads around the temple area.

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