Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa is a disorder that is characterized by binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior to control weight with potentially dangerous sequelae. […] Bulimia nervosa is a condition that occurs most commonly in adolescent females, characterized by indulgence in binge-eating, and inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain. […] Binging episodes are followed by inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain: Self-induced vomiting, Laxatives abuse, Diuretic use, Extreme physical activity, Fasting. […] The episodes should occur at least once a week for three months to establish a diagnosis. […] Common physical exam signs associated with bulimia nervosa include hypotension, dry skin, parotid gland swelling, dental erosion, and calluses on the dorsal aspect of the hand (known as Russels sign).

• #2 Bulimia Nervosa – National Eating Disorders Association

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/bulimia-nervosa/

  Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by a cycle of bingeing and compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting designed to undo or compensate for the effects of binge eating. […] The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least once a week for three months. […] Please note that even though these are common symptoms not everyone with bulimia nervosa displays all of these emotional and behavioral symptoms. […] Engaging in episodes of binge eating large amounts of food in a short period of time, often in secret. […] After episodes of binge eating, frequently engages in compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, diuretic/laxative use, fasting/restricting, excessive exercise or manipulation of insulin dosage.

• #3 Bulimia nervosa – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353615

  Bulimia symptoms may include: […] Repeatedly eating unusually large amounts of food in one sitting. […] Feeling a loss of control during binge eating. You may feel like you can’t stop eating or can’t control what you eat. […] Vomiting on purpose or exercising to extremes after binge eating so that you don’t gain weight. […] People with bulimia may use different methods to purge. The severity of bulimia depends on the number of times a week that you purge and the problems caused by doing so. […] If you have any bulimia symptoms, seek medical help right away. If left untreated, bulimia can severely affect your physical and mental health. […] Signs of bulimia that family and friends may notice include: […] Eating unusually large amounts of food over and over again in one sitting. […] Having acid reflux, a hard time passing stool and other stomach problems. […] Changing weight up and down.

• #4 Bulimia Nervosa in Adolescents | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/bulimia-nervosa-adolescents

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a person eats excessive amounts of food in a short period of time (binge eating), with a sense of lack of control over eating, and then engages in compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as vomiting, use of laxatives, diuretics, other medications, fasting or excessive exercise. […] Bulimia usually begins in adolescence or young adulthood and is more likely to affect girls than boys. […] Signs and symptoms of bulimia can vary, but may include: Being preoccupied with body image. Eating large amounts of high-calorie foods in a short period of time. Feeling a total lack of control during binge-eating episodes. Forcing oneself to vomit after a binge-eating episode. Some people with bulimia use laxatives, an enema, or diuretic after binge eating. Withdrawing from usual friends or activities. Frequent trips to the bathroom after eating. Exercising to excess.

• #5 Bulimia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

  These are some of the many signs that may indicate whether someone has bulimia nervosa: a fixation on the number of calories consumed, a fixation on an extreme consciousness of one’s weight, low self-esteem and/or self-harming, suicidal tendencies, an irregular menstrual cycle in women, regular trips to the bathroom, especially soon after eating, depression, anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders, frequent occurrences involving the consumption of abnormally large portions of food, the use of laxatives, diuretics, and diet pills, compulsive or excessive exercise, unhealthy/dry skin, hair, nails, and lips, fatigue, or exhaustion. […] The onset of bulimia nervosa is often during adolescence, between 13 and 20 years of age, and many cases have previously experienced obesity, with many relapsing in adulthood into episodic bingeing and purging even after initially successful treatment and remission. A lifetime prevalence of 0.5 percent and 0.9 percent for adults and adolescents, respectively, is estimated among the United States population. Bulimia nervosa may affect up to 1% of young women and, after 10 years of diagnosis, half will recover fully, a third will recover partially, and 10-20% will still have symptoms.

• #6 Bulimia Nervosa | Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa, usually referred to as bulimia, is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder that is characterized by: […] Frequent and recurrent episodes of uncontrolled overeating (binge eating) […] Purging (behavior that is used to compensate for binge eating) can consist of forced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, enemas, diuretics (medications that cause increased urination), fasting, excessive exercise, or a combination of these behaviors. […] Individuals with bulimia may be slightly underweight, normal weight or overweight. Bulimia typically has an onset late in adolescence or early adulthood and is more common in females. […] At any one given time, 1.0% of young women and 0.1% of young men struggle with bulimia. […] Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia […] Evidence of binge eating, including disappearance of large amounts of food in short periods of time or finding lots of empty food wrappers and containers

• #7 Bulimia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

  These are some of the many signs that may indicate whether someone has bulimia nervosa: a fixation on the number of calories consumed, a fixation on an extreme consciousness of one’s weight, low self-esteem and/or self-harming, suicidal tendencies, an irregular menstrual cycle in women, regular trips to the bathroom, especially soon after eating, depression, anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders, frequent occurrences involving the consumption of abnormally large portions of food, the use of laxatives, diuretics, and diet pills, compulsive or excessive exercise, unhealthy/dry skin, hair, nails, and lips, fatigue, or exhaustion. […] The onset of bulimia nervosa is often during adolescence, between 13 and 20 years of age, and many cases have previously experienced obesity, with many relapsing in adulthood into episodic bingeing and purging even after initially successful treatment and remission. A lifetime prevalence of 0.5 percent and 0.9 percent for adults and adolescents, respectively, is estimated among the United States population. Bulimia nervosa may affect up to 1% of young women and, after 10 years of diagnosis, half will recover fully, a third will recover partially, and 10-20% will still have symptoms.

• #8 Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis, DSM-5 Criteria, Diagnostic Tests

  https://www.waldeneatingdisorders.com/what-we-treat/bulimia/bulimia-diagnosis/

  Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following: […] Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications, fasting, or excessive exercise. […] The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least once a week for three months. […] Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. […] Binging or purging does not occur exclusively during episodes of behavior that would be common in those with anorexia nervosa.

• #9 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] In addition to mental stress, continuous bingeing and purging puts great strain on the body. […] While characterized as an eating disorder, bulimia is also a mental health disorder that causes a cycle of health concerns. You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Having to keep secrets contributes to the cycle of stress and anxiety. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #10 Bulimia: Symptoms, diagnosis and treatments – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/bulimia-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatments

  Bulimia nervosa, often called bulimia, is an eating disorder. Individuals with bulimia eat large amounts of food in a relatively short time, often even when they aren’t hungry. People with bulimia tend to feel out of control when eating and can’t stop eating. […] Symptoms of bulimia include: extreme concern over body weight or body shape; eating large quantities of food over a short period, often in secret; binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting; use of laxatives, diuretics, enemas or suppositories; fasting or severe dieting; or excessive exercise. […] Bulimia can cause a number of physical symptoms including: poor concentration, tooth erosion and decay, constant sore throat, muscle weakness, bone pain with exercise, low blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, swollen salivary glands, constipation or other bowel problems, gastrointestinal problems, such as bloating, heartburn or acid reflux, fertility problems.

• #11 Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis, DSM-5 Criteria, Diagnostic Tests

  https://www.waldeneatingdisorders.com/what-we-treat/bulimia/bulimia-diagnosis/

  Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following: […] Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications, fasting, or excessive exercise. […] The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least once a week for three months. […] Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. […] Binging or purging does not occur exclusively during episodes of behavior that would be common in those with anorexia nervosa.

• #12 Bulimia Nervosa – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by some form of inappropriate compensatory behavior such as purging (self-induced vomiting, laxative or diuretic abuse), fasting, or driven exercise; episodes occur, on average, at least once/week for 3 months. […] Patients with bulimia nervosa typically describe binge-purge behavior. Binges involve rapid consumption of an amount of food definitely larger than most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances (however, the amount considered excessive for a normal meal versus a holiday meal may differ) accompanied by feelings of loss of control. […] Binge eating is followed by compensatory behaviors: self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives or diuretics, excessive exercise, and/or fasting.

• #13 Bulimia nervosa – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353615

  Bulimia symptoms may include: […] Repeatedly eating unusually large amounts of food in one sitting. […] Feeling a loss of control during binge eating. You may feel like you can’t stop eating or can’t control what you eat. […] Vomiting on purpose or exercising to extremes after binge eating so that you don’t gain weight. […] People with bulimia may use different methods to purge. The severity of bulimia depends on the number of times a week that you purge and the problems caused by doing so. […] If you have any bulimia symptoms, seek medical help right away. If left untreated, bulimia can severely affect your physical and mental health. […] Signs of bulimia that family and friends may notice include: […] Eating unusually large amounts of food over and over again in one sitting. […] Having acid reflux, a hard time passing stool and other stomach problems. […] Changing weight up and down.

• #14 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Many of us turn to food when we’re feeling lonely, bored, or stressed. But if you have the eating disorder bulimia nervosa, overeating is more like a compulsion. Bulimia is characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by extreme efforts to avoid gaining weight, often by vomiting, using laxatives, or exercising to excess. […] This vicious cycle of bingeing and purging can take a toll on your body and emotional well-being. It can cause damage to your digestive system and create chemical imbalances in the body that harm the functioning of major organs, including the heart. It can even be fatal. […] If you’ve been living with bulimia for a while, you’ve probably “done it all” to conceal your bingeing and purging habits. […] Binge eating signs and symptoms include lack of control over eating, inability to stop eating, and eating until the point of physical discomfort and pain.

• #15 Bulimia Nervosa – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/eating-disorders/bulimia

  The most common triggers for binge eating episodes include negative affect (emotions), interpersonal stressors; dietary restraint; negative feelings related to body weight, body shape, and food; and boredom. […] Binge eating usually occurs in secrecy or individuals will try to make it inconspicuous. […] During binges, individuals tend to eat foods they would otherwise avoid, will eat until they are painfully or uncomfortably full. […] The most common inappropriate compensatory behaviour is vomiting. […] Individuals may use fingers or instruments to stimulate the gag reflex. Overtime, individuals may be able to vomit at will. Other purging behaviors include the misuse of laxatives and diuretics. […] Outside of the episodes of bingeing, individuals will restrict their total caloric consumption and preferentially select low-calorie foods while avoiding foods that they perceive to be fattening or likely to trigger a binge.

• #16 Bulimia Nervosa – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/eating-disorders/bulimia

  The most common triggers for binge eating episodes include negative affect (emotions), interpersonal stressors; dietary restraint; negative feelings related to body weight, body shape, and food; and boredom. […] Binge eating usually occurs in secrecy or individuals will try to make it inconspicuous. […] During binges, individuals tend to eat foods they would otherwise avoid, will eat until they are painfully or uncomfortably full. […] The most common inappropriate compensatory behaviour is vomiting. […] Individuals may use fingers or instruments to stimulate the gag reflex. Overtime, individuals may be able to vomit at will. Other purging behaviors include the misuse of laxatives and diuretics. […] Outside of the episodes of bingeing, individuals will restrict their total caloric consumption and preferentially select low-calorie foods while avoiding foods that they perceive to be fattening or likely to trigger a binge.

• #17 Bulimia Nervosa – Mental Health Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by the repeated rapid consumption of large amounts of food (binge eating), followed by attempts to compensate for the excess food consumed (for example, by purging, fasting, or exercising). […] People with bulimia nervosa have repeated episodes of binge eating. That is, they eat much larger amounts of food than most people would eat in a similar time under similar circumstances. […] Emotional stress often triggers the binges, which are usually done in secret. Binge eating, which is accompanied by a feeling of a loss of control, usually includes eating when not hungry and eating to the point of physical discomfort. […] People tend to consume sweet, high-fat foods, such as ice cream and cake. The amount of food consumed varies and sometimes involves thousands of calories. Binges may occur as often as several times a day.

• #18 Bulimia Nervosa – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/eating-disorders/bulimia

  The most common triggers for binge eating episodes include negative affect (emotions), interpersonal stressors; dietary restraint; negative feelings related to body weight, body shape, and food; and boredom. […] Binge eating usually occurs in secrecy or individuals will try to make it inconspicuous. […] During binges, individuals tend to eat foods they would otherwise avoid, will eat until they are painfully or uncomfortably full. […] The most common inappropriate compensatory behaviour is vomiting. […] Individuals may use fingers or instruments to stimulate the gag reflex. Overtime, individuals may be able to vomit at will. Other purging behaviors include the misuse of laxatives and diuretics. […] Outside of the episodes of bingeing, individuals will restrict their total caloric consumption and preferentially select low-calorie foods while avoiding foods that they perceive to be fattening or likely to trigger a binge.

• #19 Bulimia Nervosa – Mental Health Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by the repeated rapid consumption of large amounts of food (binge eating), followed by attempts to compensate for the excess food consumed (for example, by purging, fasting, or exercising). […] People with bulimia nervosa have repeated episodes of binge eating. That is, they eat much larger amounts of food than most people would eat in a similar time under similar circumstances. […] Emotional stress often triggers the binges, which are usually done in secret. Binge eating, which is accompanied by a feeling of a loss of control, usually includes eating when not hungry and eating to the point of physical discomfort. […] People tend to consume sweet, high-fat foods, such as ice cream and cake. The amount of food consumed varies and sometimes involves thousands of calories. Binges may occur as often as several times a day.

• #20 Bulimia Nervosa – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/eating-disorders/bulimia

  The most common triggers for binge eating episodes include negative affect (emotions), interpersonal stressors; dietary restraint; negative feelings related to body weight, body shape, and food; and boredom. […] Binge eating usually occurs in secrecy or individuals will try to make it inconspicuous. […] During binges, individuals tend to eat foods they would otherwise avoid, will eat until they are painfully or uncomfortably full. […] The most common inappropriate compensatory behaviour is vomiting. […] Individuals may use fingers or instruments to stimulate the gag reflex. Overtime, individuals may be able to vomit at will. Other purging behaviors include the misuse of laxatives and diuretics. […] Outside of the episodes of bingeing, individuals will restrict their total caloric consumption and preferentially select low-calorie foods while avoiding foods that they perceive to be fattening or likely to trigger a binge.

• #21 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Many of us turn to food when we’re feeling lonely, bored, or stressed. But if you have the eating disorder bulimia nervosa, overeating is more like a compulsion. Bulimia is characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by extreme efforts to avoid gaining weight, often by vomiting, using laxatives, or exercising to excess. […] This vicious cycle of bingeing and purging can take a toll on your body and emotional well-being. It can cause damage to your digestive system and create chemical imbalances in the body that harm the functioning of major organs, including the heart. It can even be fatal. […] If you’ve been living with bulimia for a while, you’ve probably “done it all” to conceal your bingeing and purging habits. […] Binge eating signs and symptoms include lack of control over eating, inability to stop eating, and eating until the point of physical discomfort and pain.

• #22 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #23 Bulimia Nervosa – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/eating-disorders/bulimia

  The most common triggers for binge eating episodes include negative affect (emotions), interpersonal stressors; dietary restraint; negative feelings related to body weight, body shape, and food; and boredom. […] Binge eating usually occurs in secrecy or individuals will try to make it inconspicuous. […] During binges, individuals tend to eat foods they would otherwise avoid, will eat until they are painfully or uncomfortably full. […] The most common inappropriate compensatory behaviour is vomiting. […] Individuals may use fingers or instruments to stimulate the gag reflex. Overtime, individuals may be able to vomit at will. Other purging behaviors include the misuse of laxatives and diuretics. […] Outside of the episodes of bingeing, individuals will restrict their total caloric consumption and preferentially select low-calorie foods while avoiding foods that they perceive to be fattening or likely to trigger a binge.

• #24 Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis, DSM-5 Criteria, Diagnostic Tests

  https://www.waldeneatingdisorders.com/what-we-treat/bulimia/bulimia-diagnosis/

  Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following: […] Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications, fasting, or excessive exercise. […] The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least once a week for three months. […] Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. […] Binging or purging does not occur exclusively during episodes of behavior that would be common in those with anorexia nervosa.

• #25 Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis, DSM-5 Criteria, Diagnostic Tests

  https://www.waldeneatingdisorders.com/what-we-treat/bulimia/bulimia-diagnosis/

  Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following: […] Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications, fasting, or excessive exercise. […] The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least once a week for three months. […] Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. […] Binging or purging does not occur exclusively during episodes of behavior that would be common in those with anorexia nervosa.

• #26 Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis, DSM-5 Criteria, Diagnostic Tests

  https://www.waldeneatingdisorders.com/what-we-treat/bulimia/bulimia-diagnosis/

  Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following: […] Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications, fasting, or excessive exercise. […] The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least once a week for three months. […] Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. […] Binging or purging does not occur exclusively during episodes of behavior that would be common in those with anorexia nervosa.

• #27 Bulimia Nervosa – National Eating Disorders Association

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/bulimia-nervosa/

  Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by a cycle of bingeing and compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting designed to undo or compensate for the effects of binge eating. […] The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least once a week for three months. […] Please note that even though these are common symptoms not everyone with bulimia nervosa displays all of these emotional and behavioral symptoms. […] Engaging in episodes of binge eating large amounts of food in a short period of time, often in secret. […] After episodes of binge eating, frequently engages in compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, diuretic/laxative use, fasting/restricting, excessive exercise or manipulation of insulin dosage.

• #28 Bulimia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating (eating large quantities of food in a short period of time, often feeling out of control) followed by compensatory behaviors, such as vomiting, excessive exercise, or fasting to prevent weight gain. […] Bulimia typically involves rapid and out-of-control eating, which is followed by self-induced vomiting or other forms of purging. This cycle may be repeated several times a week or, in more serious cases, several times a day and may directly cause: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance can lead to abnormal heart rhythms, cardiac arrest, and even death, oral trauma, lacerations to the lining of the mouth or throat due to forced throwing up movements, Russell’s sign: calluses on knuckles and back of hands due to repeated trauma from incisors, swollen salivary glands (in the neck, under the jawline), gastrointestinal problems, like constipation and acid reflux, constipation or diarrhea, hypotension, infertility and/or irregular menstrual cycles, weight fluctuations.

• #29 Bulimia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating (eating large quantities of food in a short period of time, often feeling out of control) followed by compensatory behaviors, such as vomiting, excessive exercise, or fasting to prevent weight gain. […] Bulimia typically involves rapid and out-of-control eating, which is followed by self-induced vomiting or other forms of purging. This cycle may be repeated several times a week or, in more serious cases, several times a day and may directly cause: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance can lead to abnormal heart rhythms, cardiac arrest, and even death, oral trauma, lacerations to the lining of the mouth or throat due to forced throwing up movements, Russell’s sign: calluses on knuckles and back of hands due to repeated trauma from incisors, swollen salivary glands (in the neck, under the jawline), gastrointestinal problems, like constipation and acid reflux, constipation or diarrhea, hypotension, infertility and/or irregular menstrual cycles, weight fluctuations.

• #30 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #31 Bulimia Nervosa – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/eating-disorders/bulimia

  The most common triggers for binge eating episodes include negative affect (emotions), interpersonal stressors; dietary restraint; negative feelings related to body weight, body shape, and food; and boredom. […] Binge eating usually occurs in secrecy or individuals will try to make it inconspicuous. […] During binges, individuals tend to eat foods they would otherwise avoid, will eat until they are painfully or uncomfortably full. […] The most common inappropriate compensatory behaviour is vomiting. […] Individuals may use fingers or instruments to stimulate the gag reflex. Overtime, individuals may be able to vomit at will. Other purging behaviors include the misuse of laxatives and diuretics. […] Outside of the episodes of bingeing, individuals will restrict their total caloric consumption and preferentially select low-calorie foods while avoiding foods that they perceive to be fattening or likely to trigger a binge.

• #32 Bulimia Nervosa – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/eating-disorders/bulimia

  The most common triggers for binge eating episodes include negative affect (emotions), interpersonal stressors; dietary restraint; negative feelings related to body weight, body shape, and food; and boredom. […] Binge eating usually occurs in secrecy or individuals will try to make it inconspicuous. […] During binges, individuals tend to eat foods they would otherwise avoid, will eat until they are painfully or uncomfortably full. […] The most common inappropriate compensatory behaviour is vomiting. […] Individuals may use fingers or instruments to stimulate the gag reflex. Overtime, individuals may be able to vomit at will. Other purging behaviors include the misuse of laxatives and diuretics. […] Outside of the episodes of bingeing, individuals will restrict their total caloric consumption and preferentially select low-calorie foods while avoiding foods that they perceive to be fattening or likely to trigger a binge.

• #33 Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa

  https://www.upmc.com/services/behavioral-health/programs/eating-disorders/disorder-types/bulimia/signs-symptoms

  Individuals with bulimia nervosa have recurrent episodes of binge eating, coupled with inappropriate behaviors to undo the effects of binging and prevent weight gain. […] Typical behaviors include: Self-induced vomiting, Misuse of laxatives, diet pills, or diuretics (water pills), Fasting, Excessive exercise, Restricting their total caloric consumption between binges by selecting low-calorie or diet foods and avoiding foods they perceive as fattening or that might trigger a binge episode. […] Individuals with bulimia nervosa often resemble those with anorexia nervosa in their: Fear of gaining weight, Desire to lose weight, Dissatisfaction with their bodies. […] Individuals with bulimia nervosa typically are within the normal weight range, although some may be slightly underweight or overweight, and a few may be obese.

• #34 Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis, DSM-5 Criteria, Diagnostic Tests

  https://www.waldeneatingdisorders.com/what-we-treat/bulimia/bulimia-diagnosis/

  Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following: […] Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications, fasting, or excessive exercise. […] The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least once a week for three months. […] Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. […] Binging or purging does not occur exclusively during episodes of behavior that would be common in those with anorexia nervosa.

• #35 Bulimia nervosa – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353621

  A diagnosis of bulimia usually includes episodes of binging and purging at least once a week for three months. But any binge and purge behaviors, even when done less often, can be dangerous and need treatment. The more often the episodes occur, the more severe the bulimia is. […] Although most people with bulimia get better, some find that symptoms don’t go away entirely. Periods of binge eating and purging may come and go through the years. For example, some people may binge eat and purge when they’re under a lot of stress. […] If you’ve had an eating disorder in the past and you notice your symptoms returning, seek help from your medical team right away.

• #36 Bulimia nervosa – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353621

  A diagnosis of bulimia usually includes episodes of binging and purging at least once a week for three months. But any binge and purge behaviors, even when done less often, can be dangerous and need treatment. The more often the episodes occur, the more severe the bulimia is. […] Although most people with bulimia get better, some find that symptoms don’t go away entirely. Periods of binge eating and purging may come and go through the years. For example, some people may binge eat and purge when they’re under a lot of stress. […] If you’ve had an eating disorder in the past and you notice your symptoms returning, seek help from your medical team right away.

• #37 Bulimia nervosa – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353621

  A diagnosis of bulimia usually includes episodes of binging and purging at least once a week for three months. But any binge and purge behaviors, even when done less often, can be dangerous and need treatment. The more often the episodes occur, the more severe the bulimia is. […] Although most people with bulimia get better, some find that symptoms don’t go away entirely. Periods of binge eating and purging may come and go through the years. For example, some people may binge eat and purge when they’re under a lot of stress. […] If you’ve had an eating disorder in the past and you notice your symptoms returning, seek help from your medical team right away.

• #38 Bulimia Nervosa – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Patients are typically of normal weight; only a minority are have excess weight or obesity. However, patients are excessively concerned about their body weight and/or shape; they are often dissatisfied with their bodies and think that they need to lose weight. […] Most physical symptoms and complications of bulimia nervosa result from purging. Self-induced vomiting may lead to erosion of dental enamel of the front teeth, painless parotid (salivary) gland enlargement, and an inflamed esophagus. […] Recurrent episodes of binge eating (the uncontrolled consumption of unusually large amounts of food) that are accompanied by feelings of loss of control over eating and that occur, on average, at least once a week for 3 months. […] Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to influence body weight (on average, at least once a week for 3 months).

• #39 Bulimia Nervosa – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Patients are typically of normal weight; only a minority are have excess weight or obesity. However, patients are excessively concerned about their body weight and/or shape; they are often dissatisfied with their bodies and think that they need to lose weight. […] Most physical symptoms and complications of bulimia nervosa result from purging. Self-induced vomiting may lead to erosion of dental enamel of the front teeth, painless parotid (salivary) gland enlargement, and an inflamed esophagus. […] Recurrent episodes of binge eating (the uncontrolled consumption of unusually large amounts of food) that are accompanied by feelings of loss of control over eating and that occur, on average, at least once a week for 3 months. […] Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to influence body weight (on average, at least once a week for 3 months).

• #40 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Over time, the high acid content of vomit can damage teeth and cause enamel erosion, tooth sensitivity, and gum disease. […] Frequent purging can cause dehydration. […] Bulimia can cause low blood pressure, a weak pulse, and anemia. […] The nutritional deficiencies people with bulimia experience can cause a hormonal imbalance. […] Bulimia can interfere with your menstrual cycle or stop it altogether. […] Dehydration from frequent vomiting means that your body doesnt have enough water. […] Dry skin and nails are also a long-term side effect of bulimia.

• #41 Eating Disorders: MedlinePlusLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html

  Eating disorders are serious mental health disorders. They involve severe problems with your thoughts about food and your eating behaviors. You may eat much less or much more than you need. […] Bulimia nervosa. People with bulimia nervosa also have periods of binge-eating. But afterwards, they purge, by making themselves throw up or using laxatives. They may also over-exercise or fast. People with bulimia nervosa may be slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight. […] The symptoms of bulimia nervosa include the same symptoms as binge-eating, plus trying to get rid of the food or weight after binging by: Purging, making yourself throw up or using laxatives or enemas to speed up the movement of food through your body. […] Over time, bulimia nervosa can cause health problems such as: Chronically inflamed and sore throat, Swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area, Worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth. This is caused by the exposure to stomach acid every time you throw up, GERD (acid reflux) and other gastrointestinal problems, Severe dehydration from purging, Electrolyte imbalance, which could be too low or too high levels of sodium, calcium, potassium and other minerals. This can lead to a stroke or heart attack.

• #42 Bulimia nervosa

  https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa, often called bulimia, is a type of eating disorder. […] Bulimia affects more girls and women than boys and men. […] Bulimia is a serious health problem, but people with bulimia can get better with treatment. […] Women with bulimia eat a lot of food in a short amount of time and feel a lack of control over eating during this time (called binging). […] People with bulimia then try to prevent weight gain by getting rid of the food (called purging). […] Over time, some symptoms of bulimia may include: Swollen cheeks or jaw area, Calluses or scrapes on the knuckles (if using fingers to induce vomiting), Teeth that look clear instead of white and are increasingly sensitive and decaying, Broken blood vessels in the eyes, Acid reflux, constipation, and other gastrointestinal problems, Severe dehydration.

• #43 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of general medical complications, including metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] The primary objective of treatment is a cessation of the binging and purging behavior. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine, citalopram, and sertraline have shown to reduce symptoms of bulimia nervosa. […] Most patients who have bulimia nervosa will recover from the condition. […] The five-year remission rate for bulimia nervosa using DSM-IV criteria has an estimate of 74%, and among those, 47% also had a relapse within those five years. […] Complications associated with bulimia nervosa include salivary gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) and swollen cheeks, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, GERD, Barretts esophagus, laryngopharyngeal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, achalasia, esophageal spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, dental enamel erosion, rectal prolapse, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

• #44 Bulimia Nervosa – Mental Health Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  In an attempt to counteract the effects of the excess food, people use various means to compensate: Purging for example, by making themselves vomit (self-induced vomiting) or taking laxatives or diuretics (drugs that cause the kidneys to excrete more water). […] Unlike in anorexia nervosa, the body weight of people with bulimia nervosa tends to fluctuate around normal. […] Self-induced vomiting can erode tooth enamel, enlarge the salivary glands in the cheeks (parotid glands), and inflame the esophagus. Vomiting can lower potassium levels in the blood, causing abnormal heart rhythms. Sudden death can result from an abnormal heart rhythm in people who repeatedly take large quantities of ipecac to induce vomiting. […] People with bulimia nervosa are preoccupied with and judge themselves based on their weight and body shape.

• #45 Eating Disorders: MedlinePlusLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html

  Eating disorders are serious mental health disorders. They involve severe problems with your thoughts about food and your eating behaviors. You may eat much less or much more than you need. […] Bulimia nervosa. People with bulimia nervosa also have periods of binge-eating. But afterwards, they purge, by making themselves throw up or using laxatives. They may also over-exercise or fast. People with bulimia nervosa may be slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight. […] The symptoms of bulimia nervosa include the same symptoms as binge-eating, plus trying to get rid of the food or weight after binging by: Purging, making yourself throw up or using laxatives or enemas to speed up the movement of food through your body. […] Over time, bulimia nervosa can cause health problems such as: Chronically inflamed and sore throat, Swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area, Worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth. This is caused by the exposure to stomach acid every time you throw up, GERD (acid reflux) and other gastrointestinal problems, Severe dehydration from purging, Electrolyte imbalance, which could be too low or too high levels of sodium, calcium, potassium and other minerals. This can lead to a stroke or heart attack.

• #46 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Over time, the high acid content of vomit can damage teeth and cause enamel erosion, tooth sensitivity, and gum disease. […] Frequent purging can cause dehydration. […] Bulimia can cause low blood pressure, a weak pulse, and anemia. […] The nutritional deficiencies people with bulimia experience can cause a hormonal imbalance. […] Bulimia can interfere with your menstrual cycle or stop it altogether. […] Dehydration from frequent vomiting means that your body doesnt have enough water. […] Dry skin and nails are also a long-term side effect of bulimia.

• #47 Eating Disorders: MedlinePlusLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html

  Eating disorders are serious mental health disorders. They involve severe problems with your thoughts about food and your eating behaviors. You may eat much less or much more than you need. […] Bulimia nervosa. People with bulimia nervosa also have periods of binge-eating. But afterwards, they purge, by making themselves throw up or using laxatives. They may also over-exercise or fast. People with bulimia nervosa may be slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight. […] The symptoms of bulimia nervosa include the same symptoms as binge-eating, plus trying to get rid of the food or weight after binging by: Purging, making yourself throw up or using laxatives or enemas to speed up the movement of food through your body. […] Over time, bulimia nervosa can cause health problems such as: Chronically inflamed and sore throat, Swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area, Worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth. This is caused by the exposure to stomach acid every time you throw up, GERD (acid reflux) and other gastrointestinal problems, Severe dehydration from purging, Electrolyte imbalance, which could be too low or too high levels of sodium, calcium, potassium and other minerals. This can lead to a stroke or heart attack.

• #48 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of general medical complications, including metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] The primary objective of treatment is a cessation of the binging and purging behavior. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine, citalopram, and sertraline have shown to reduce symptoms of bulimia nervosa. […] Most patients who have bulimia nervosa will recover from the condition. […] The five-year remission rate for bulimia nervosa using DSM-IV criteria has an estimate of 74%, and among those, 47% also had a relapse within those five years. […] Complications associated with bulimia nervosa include salivary gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) and swollen cheeks, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, GERD, Barretts esophagus, laryngopharyngeal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, achalasia, esophageal spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, dental enamel erosion, rectal prolapse, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

• #49 Eating Disorders: MedlinePlusLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html

  Eating disorders are serious mental health disorders. They involve severe problems with your thoughts about food and your eating behaviors. You may eat much less or much more than you need. […] Bulimia nervosa. People with bulimia nervosa also have periods of binge-eating. But afterwards, they purge, by making themselves throw up or using laxatives. They may also over-exercise or fast. People with bulimia nervosa may be slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight. […] The symptoms of bulimia nervosa include the same symptoms as binge-eating, plus trying to get rid of the food or weight after binging by: Purging, making yourself throw up or using laxatives or enemas to speed up the movement of food through your body. […] Over time, bulimia nervosa can cause health problems such as: Chronically inflamed and sore throat, Swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area, Worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth. This is caused by the exposure to stomach acid every time you throw up, GERD (acid reflux) and other gastrointestinal problems, Severe dehydration from purging, Electrolyte imbalance, which could be too low or too high levels of sodium, calcium, potassium and other minerals. This can lead to a stroke or heart attack.

• #50 Bulimia: Symptoms, diagnosis and treatments – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/bulimia-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatments

  Bulimia nervosa, often called bulimia, is an eating disorder. Individuals with bulimia eat large amounts of food in a relatively short time, often even when they aren’t hungry. People with bulimia tend to feel out of control when eating and can’t stop eating. […] Symptoms of bulimia include: extreme concern over body weight or body shape; eating large quantities of food over a short period, often in secret; binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting; use of laxatives, diuretics, enemas or suppositories; fasting or severe dieting; or excessive exercise. […] Bulimia can cause a number of physical symptoms including: poor concentration, tooth erosion and decay, constant sore throat, muscle weakness, bone pain with exercise, low blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, swollen salivary glands, constipation or other bowel problems, gastrointestinal problems, such as bloating, heartburn or acid reflux, fertility problems.

• #51 Bulimia nervosa – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353615

  Bulimia symptoms may include: […] Repeatedly eating unusually large amounts of food in one sitting. […] Feeling a loss of control during binge eating. You may feel like you can’t stop eating or can’t control what you eat. […] Vomiting on purpose or exercising to extremes after binge eating so that you don’t gain weight. […] People with bulimia may use different methods to purge. The severity of bulimia depends on the number of times a week that you purge and the problems caused by doing so. […] If you have any bulimia symptoms, seek medical help right away. If left untreated, bulimia can severely affect your physical and mental health. […] Signs of bulimia that family and friends may notice include: […] Eating unusually large amounts of food over and over again in one sitting. […] Having acid reflux, a hard time passing stool and other stomach problems. […] Changing weight up and down.

• #52 Bulimia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bulimia/

  feeling weak or dizzy […] a sore throat from being sick […] bloating or tummy pain […] puffy sides of your face and under your ears from swollen glands […] irregular or stopped periods. Treatment for bulimia takes time, but you can recover. Depending on how long you’ve had bulimia and how severe it is, treatment can last several months or years. Bulimia can eventually lead to physical problems associated with not getting the right nutrients, making yourself sick a lot, or overusing laxative medicines. Sometimes, without the right support, bulimia can be life-threatening. Possible complications include: problems with your teeth stomach acid can damage tooth enamel if you’re being sick a lot […] damage to the lining of your throat also caused by stomach acid […] irregular or absent periods […] seizures (fits) […] heart or kidney problems […] bowel problems, including constipation […] bone problems you may be more likely to develop weakened bones (osteopenia).

• #53 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  The warning signs of bulimia nervosa can be physical, psychological, and behavioural. It is possible for a person with bulimia nervosa to display a combination of these symptoms, or no obvious symptoms. […] Some of the medical impacts and complications associated with bulimia nervosa include: Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from frequent vomiting; Stomach and intestinal ulcers; Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxatives; Heart problems including slow heart rate, irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure; Electrolyte disturbance, including potassium and sodium; Osteoporosis or osteopenia: a reduction in bone density caused by a specific nutritional deficiency; Fatigue and lethargy; Loss of or disturbance to menstruation; Increased risk of infertility; Death.

• #54 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of general medical complications, including metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] The primary objective of treatment is a cessation of the binging and purging behavior. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine, citalopram, and sertraline have shown to reduce symptoms of bulimia nervosa. […] Most patients who have bulimia nervosa will recover from the condition. […] The five-year remission rate for bulimia nervosa using DSM-IV criteria has an estimate of 74%, and among those, 47% also had a relapse within those five years. […] Complications associated with bulimia nervosa include salivary gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) and swollen cheeks, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, GERD, Barretts esophagus, laryngopharyngeal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, achalasia, esophageal spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, dental enamel erosion, rectal prolapse, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

• #55 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of general medical complications, including metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] The primary objective of treatment is a cessation of the binging and purging behavior. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine, citalopram, and sertraline have shown to reduce symptoms of bulimia nervosa. […] Most patients who have bulimia nervosa will recover from the condition. […] The five-year remission rate for bulimia nervosa using DSM-IV criteria has an estimate of 74%, and among those, 47% also had a relapse within those five years. […] Complications associated with bulimia nervosa include salivary gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) and swollen cheeks, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, GERD, Barretts esophagus, laryngopharyngeal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, achalasia, esophageal spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, dental enamel erosion, rectal prolapse, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

• #56 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of general medical complications, including metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] The primary objective of treatment is a cessation of the binging and purging behavior. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine, citalopram, and sertraline have shown to reduce symptoms of bulimia nervosa. […] Most patients who have bulimia nervosa will recover from the condition. […] The five-year remission rate for bulimia nervosa using DSM-IV criteria has an estimate of 74%, and among those, 47% also had a relapse within those five years. […] Complications associated with bulimia nervosa include salivary gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) and swollen cheeks, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, GERD, Barretts esophagus, laryngopharyngeal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, achalasia, esophageal spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, dental enamel erosion, rectal prolapse, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

• #57 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and a serious mental illness. […] People with bulimia nervosa engage in binge eating and then engage in behaviours to try to compensate for this food intake. […] People can live with the eating disorder for a long time without seeking support. […] Understanding the signs of bulimia nervosa and seeking early treatment is the best way to begin your journey to recovery. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include weight change or fluctuations in weight, dental erosion, bad breath, swelling around the cheeks and jaw, indigestion, frequent constipation, diarrhoea or new food intolerances, heart-related conditions, irregular heart beat, low blood pressure, fainting or dizziness that is not due to another illness or health condition, fatigue and sleep difficulties, loss of periods or altered menstrual cycles, muscle fatigue, cramps.

• #58 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of general medical complications, including metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] The primary objective of treatment is a cessation of the binging and purging behavior. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine, citalopram, and sertraline have shown to reduce symptoms of bulimia nervosa. […] Most patients who have bulimia nervosa will recover from the condition. […] The five-year remission rate for bulimia nervosa using DSM-IV criteria has an estimate of 74%, and among those, 47% also had a relapse within those five years. […] Complications associated with bulimia nervosa include salivary gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) and swollen cheeks, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, GERD, Barretts esophagus, laryngopharyngeal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, achalasia, esophageal spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, dental enamel erosion, rectal prolapse, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

• #59 Eating Disorders: MedlinePlusLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html

  Eating disorders are serious mental health disorders. They involve severe problems with your thoughts about food and your eating behaviors. You may eat much less or much more than you need. […] Bulimia nervosa. People with bulimia nervosa also have periods of binge-eating. But afterwards, they purge, by making themselves throw up or using laxatives. They may also over-exercise or fast. People with bulimia nervosa may be slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight. […] The symptoms of bulimia nervosa include the same symptoms as binge-eating, plus trying to get rid of the food or weight after binging by: Purging, making yourself throw up or using laxatives or enemas to speed up the movement of food through your body. […] Over time, bulimia nervosa can cause health problems such as: Chronically inflamed and sore throat, Swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area, Worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth. This is caused by the exposure to stomach acid every time you throw up, GERD (acid reflux) and other gastrointestinal problems, Severe dehydration from purging, Electrolyte imbalance, which could be too low or too high levels of sodium, calcium, potassium and other minerals. This can lead to a stroke or heart attack.

• #60 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and a serious mental illness. […] People with bulimia nervosa engage in binge eating and then engage in behaviours to try to compensate for this food intake. […] People can live with the eating disorder for a long time without seeking support. […] Understanding the signs of bulimia nervosa and seeking early treatment is the best way to begin your journey to recovery. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include weight change or fluctuations in weight, dental erosion, bad breath, swelling around the cheeks and jaw, indigestion, frequent constipation, diarrhoea or new food intolerances, heart-related conditions, irregular heart beat, low blood pressure, fainting or dizziness that is not due to another illness or health condition, fatigue and sleep difficulties, loss of periods or altered menstrual cycles, muscle fatigue, cramps.

• #61 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] In addition to mental stress, continuous bingeing and purging puts great strain on the body. […] While characterized as an eating disorder, bulimia is also a mental health disorder that causes a cycle of health concerns. You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Having to keep secrets contributes to the cycle of stress and anxiety. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #62 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] In addition to mental stress, continuous bingeing and purging puts great strain on the body. […] While characterized as an eating disorder, bulimia is also a mental health disorder that causes a cycle of health concerns. You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Having to keep secrets contributes to the cycle of stress and anxiety. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #63 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and a serious mental illness. […] People with bulimia nervosa engage in binge eating and then engage in behaviours to try to compensate for this food intake. […] People can live with the eating disorder for a long time without seeking support. […] Understanding the signs of bulimia nervosa and seeking early treatment is the best way to begin your journey to recovery. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include weight change or fluctuations in weight, dental erosion, bad breath, swelling around the cheeks and jaw, indigestion, frequent constipation, diarrhoea or new food intolerances, heart-related conditions, irregular heart beat, low blood pressure, fainting or dizziness that is not due to another illness or health condition, fatigue and sleep difficulties, loss of periods or altered menstrual cycles, muscle fatigue, cramps.

• #64 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and a serious mental illness. […] People with bulimia nervosa engage in binge eating and then engage in behaviours to try to compensate for this food intake. […] People can live with the eating disorder for a long time without seeking support. […] Understanding the signs of bulimia nervosa and seeking early treatment is the best way to begin your journey to recovery. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include weight change or fluctuations in weight, dental erosion, bad breath, swelling around the cheeks and jaw, indigestion, frequent constipation, diarrhoea or new food intolerances, heart-related conditions, irregular heart beat, low blood pressure, fainting or dizziness that is not due to another illness or health condition, fatigue and sleep difficulties, loss of periods or altered menstrual cycles, muscle fatigue, cramps.

• #65 Bulimia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bulimia/

  feeling weak or dizzy […] a sore throat from being sick […] bloating or tummy pain […] puffy sides of your face and under your ears from swollen glands […] irregular or stopped periods. Treatment for bulimia takes time, but you can recover. Depending on how long you’ve had bulimia and how severe it is, treatment can last several months or years. Bulimia can eventually lead to physical problems associated with not getting the right nutrients, making yourself sick a lot, or overusing laxative medicines. Sometimes, without the right support, bulimia can be life-threatening. Possible complications include: problems with your teeth stomach acid can damage tooth enamel if you’re being sick a lot […] damage to the lining of your throat also caused by stomach acid […] irregular or absent periods […] seizures (fits) […] heart or kidney problems […] bowel problems, including constipation […] bone problems you may be more likely to develop weakened bones (osteopenia).

• #66 Bulimia nervosa – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353615

  Bulimia symptoms may include: […] Repeatedly eating unusually large amounts of food in one sitting. […] Feeling a loss of control during binge eating. You may feel like you can’t stop eating or can’t control what you eat. […] Vomiting on purpose or exercising to extremes after binge eating so that you don’t gain weight. […] People with bulimia may use different methods to purge. The severity of bulimia depends on the number of times a week that you purge and the problems caused by doing so. […] If you have any bulimia symptoms, seek medical help right away. If left untreated, bulimia can severely affect your physical and mental health. […] Signs of bulimia that family and friends may notice include: […] Eating unusually large amounts of food over and over again in one sitting. […] Having acid reflux, a hard time passing stool and other stomach problems. […] Changing weight up and down.

• #67 Bulimia Nervosa | Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa, usually referred to as bulimia, is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder that is characterized by: […] Frequent and recurrent episodes of uncontrolled overeating (binge eating) […] Purging (behavior that is used to compensate for binge eating) can consist of forced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, enemas, diuretics (medications that cause increased urination), fasting, excessive exercise, or a combination of these behaviors. […] Individuals with bulimia may be slightly underweight, normal weight or overweight. Bulimia typically has an onset late in adolescence or early adulthood and is more common in females. […] At any one given time, 1.0% of young women and 0.1% of young men struggle with bulimia. […] Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia […] Evidence of binge eating, including disappearance of large amounts of food in short periods of time or finding lots of empty food wrappers and containers

• #68 Eating Disorders: MedlinePlusLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html

  Eating disorders are serious mental health disorders. They involve severe problems with your thoughts about food and your eating behaviors. You may eat much less or much more than you need. […] Bulimia nervosa. People with bulimia nervosa also have periods of binge-eating. But afterwards, they purge, by making themselves throw up or using laxatives. They may also over-exercise or fast. People with bulimia nervosa may be slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight. […] The symptoms of bulimia nervosa include the same symptoms as binge-eating, plus trying to get rid of the food or weight after binging by: Purging, making yourself throw up or using laxatives or enemas to speed up the movement of food through your body. […] Over time, bulimia nervosa can cause health problems such as: Chronically inflamed and sore throat, Swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area, Worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth. This is caused by the exposure to stomach acid every time you throw up, GERD (acid reflux) and other gastrointestinal problems, Severe dehydration from purging, Electrolyte imbalance, which could be too low or too high levels of sodium, calcium, potassium and other minerals. This can lead to a stroke or heart attack.

• #69 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Purging signs and symptoms include going to the bathroom after meals, frequently disappearing after meals to throw up, and using laxatives, diuretics, or enemas after eating. […] Physical signs and symptoms include calluses or scars on knuckles or hands from sticking fingers down throat to induce vomiting, puffy “chipmunk” cheeks caused by repeated vomiting, and discolored teeth from exposure to stomach acid when throwing up. […] The most dangerous side effect of bulimia is dehydration due to purging. Vomiting, laxatives, and diuretics can cause electrolyte imbalances in the body, most commonly in the form of low potassium levels. […] Other common medical complications and adverse effects of bulimia include weight gain, abdominal pain, bloating, and chronic sore throat. […] If you are living with bulimia, you know how scary it feels to be so out of control. Knowing that you are harming your body just adds to the fear.

• #70 Bulimia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bulimia/

  The main signs of bulimia are: losing control of how much you’re eating over a very short time (binge eating) […] ridding your body of the extra food (purging). Purging may include making yourself sick (vomiting), taking laxative or diuretic medicines, avoiding eating for long periods of time, exercising excessively, or a combination of these. Other signs of bulimia include: fear of putting on weight […] obsessing and being very critical about your weight and body shape […] mood changes feeling very tense, irritable, anxious or depressed […] thinking about food a lot, and planning binge-eating […] feeling guilty and ashamed, and behaving secretively about eating habits […] avoiding social activities that involve food […] feeling like you have no control over your eating. You may also notice physical signs like: feeling tired (fatigue) and trouble sleeping

• #71 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and a serious mental illness. […] People with bulimia nervosa engage in binge eating and then engage in behaviours to try to compensate for this food intake. […] People can live with the eating disorder for a long time without seeking support. […] Understanding the signs of bulimia nervosa and seeking early treatment is the best way to begin your journey to recovery. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include weight change or fluctuations in weight, dental erosion, bad breath, swelling around the cheeks and jaw, indigestion, frequent constipation, diarrhoea or new food intolerances, heart-related conditions, irregular heart beat, low blood pressure, fainting or dizziness that is not due to another illness or health condition, fatigue and sleep difficulties, loss of periods or altered menstrual cycles, muscle fatigue, cramps.

• #72 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and a serious mental illness. […] People with bulimia nervosa engage in binge eating and then engage in behaviours to try to compensate for this food intake. […] People can live with the eating disorder for a long time without seeking support. […] Understanding the signs of bulimia nervosa and seeking early treatment is the best way to begin your journey to recovery. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include weight change or fluctuations in weight, dental erosion, bad breath, swelling around the cheeks and jaw, indigestion, frequent constipation, diarrhoea or new food intolerances, heart-related conditions, irregular heart beat, low blood pressure, fainting or dizziness that is not due to another illness or health condition, fatigue and sleep difficulties, loss of periods or altered menstrual cycles, muscle fatigue, cramps.

• #73 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Over time, the high acid content of vomit can damage teeth and cause enamel erosion, tooth sensitivity, and gum disease. […] Frequent purging can cause dehydration. […] Bulimia can cause low blood pressure, a weak pulse, and anemia. […] The nutritional deficiencies people with bulimia experience can cause a hormonal imbalance. […] Bulimia can interfere with your menstrual cycle or stop it altogether. […] Dehydration from frequent vomiting means that your body doesnt have enough water. […] Dry skin and nails are also a long-term side effect of bulimia.

• #74 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Over time, the high acid content of vomit can damage teeth and cause enamel erosion, tooth sensitivity, and gum disease. […] Frequent purging can cause dehydration. […] Bulimia can cause low blood pressure, a weak pulse, and anemia. […] The nutritional deficiencies people with bulimia experience can cause a hormonal imbalance. […] Bulimia can interfere with your menstrual cycle or stop it altogether. […] Dehydration from frequent vomiting means that your body doesnt have enough water. […] Dry skin and nails are also a long-term side effect of bulimia.

• #75

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/bulimia/

  Bulimia can lead to physical problems from not getting the right nutrients. […] Complications can include: feeling tired and weak, dental problems, irregular or absent periods, dry skin and hair, brittle fingernails, swollen glands, fits and muscle spasms, heart, kidney or bowel problems, including permanent constipation, bone problems.

• #76 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa is a disorder that is characterized by binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior to control weight with potentially dangerous sequelae. […] Bulimia nervosa is a condition that occurs most commonly in adolescent females, characterized by indulgence in binge-eating, and inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain. […] Binging episodes are followed by inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain: Self-induced vomiting, Laxatives abuse, Diuretic use, Extreme physical activity, Fasting. […] The episodes should occur at least once a week for three months to establish a diagnosis. […] Common physical exam signs associated with bulimia nervosa include hypotension, dry skin, parotid gland swelling, dental erosion, and calluses on the dorsal aspect of the hand (known as Russels sign).

• #77 What is Bulimia: Symptoms, Complications, & Causes

  https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/information/bulimia

  Approximately 1% of individuals with bulimia nervosa will struggle for their lifetime. […] Increasing awareness of symptoms, causes, and interventions of bulimia nervosa can result in a meaningful reduction of this prevalence. […] The best way to combat bulimia and increase the likelihood of long-term recovery is early intervention. This begins with early detection through awareness of symptoms and signs of bulimia. […] Bulimia Nervosa is an intensely physical disorder, resulting in apparent changes to the body that can warn an individual is struggling, such as: Weight fluctuations. Chronically inflamed or sore throat. Swollen salivary glands around the neck and jaw. Worn tooth enamel/yellowing teeth and tooth sensitivity due to exposure to stomach acid. „Acid reflux disorder and other gastrointestinal problems.” „Intestinal distress and irritation from laxative abuse.” Severe dehydration due to fluid loss from purging. Electrolyte Imbalance. Scars on knuckles or hands from self-induced vomiting (also known as „Russell’s Sign”). Puffy cheeks. Appearing bloated from fluid retention. Bright red eyes, bursting of blood vessels in eyes due to vomiting or straining in vomiting. Smelling of vomit.

• #78 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and a serious mental illness. […] People with bulimia nervosa engage in binge eating and then engage in behaviours to try to compensate for this food intake. […] People can live with the eating disorder for a long time without seeking support. […] Understanding the signs of bulimia nervosa and seeking early treatment is the best way to begin your journey to recovery. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include weight change or fluctuations in weight, dental erosion, bad breath, swelling around the cheeks and jaw, indigestion, frequent constipation, diarrhoea or new food intolerances, heart-related conditions, irregular heart beat, low blood pressure, fainting or dizziness that is not due to another illness or health condition, fatigue and sleep difficulties, loss of periods or altered menstrual cycles, muscle fatigue, cramps.

• #79

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/bulimia/

  Bulimia can lead to physical problems from not getting the right nutrients. […] Complications can include: feeling tired and weak, dental problems, irregular or absent periods, dry skin and hair, brittle fingernails, swollen glands, fits and muscle spasms, heart, kidney or bowel problems, including permanent constipation, bone problems.

• #80 What is Bulimia: Symptoms, Complications, & Causes

  https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/information/bulimia

  Approximately 1% of individuals with bulimia nervosa will struggle for their lifetime. […] Increasing awareness of symptoms, causes, and interventions of bulimia nervosa can result in a meaningful reduction of this prevalence. […] The best way to combat bulimia and increase the likelihood of long-term recovery is early intervention. This begins with early detection through awareness of symptoms and signs of bulimia. […] Bulimia Nervosa is an intensely physical disorder, resulting in apparent changes to the body that can warn an individual is struggling, such as: Weight fluctuations. Chronically inflamed or sore throat. Swollen salivary glands around the neck and jaw. Worn tooth enamel/yellowing teeth and tooth sensitivity due to exposure to stomach acid. „Acid reflux disorder and other gastrointestinal problems.” „Intestinal distress and irritation from laxative abuse.” Severe dehydration due to fluid loss from purging. Electrolyte Imbalance. Scars on knuckles or hands from self-induced vomiting (also known as „Russell’s Sign”). Puffy cheeks. Appearing bloated from fluid retention. Bright red eyes, bursting of blood vessels in eyes due to vomiting or straining in vomiting. Smelling of vomit.

• #81 Signs & Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa | Psych Central

  https://psychcentral.com/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa-symptoms

  Bulimia is known for the classic symptoms of bingeing and purging, but this eating disorder has several other distinctive symptoms. […] Bulimia nervosa, aka bulimia, is an eating disorder where you feel out of control when you eat like you cant stop. Then, after overeating, you may feel an intense sense of guilt and an overwhelming urge to make up for the binge. […] These episodes of bingeing and purging are a continuous cycle that repeat over and over. Its not uncommon to feel guilt or shame after each episode. […] Though bingeing and purging are the most well-known symptoms of bulimia, there are other characteristics of the condition as well. […] Bulimia can take a toll on the body, causing physical damage to parts of the body involved in eating and digesting food. […] Some physical symptoms of bulimia include: swollen cheeks or jaw, cuts or calluses on the knuckles or back of hands, stained or discolored teeth, tooth decay, broken blood vessels in the eyes, dry skin or dry and brittle nails, stomach cramps or other gastrointestinal problems, like constipation or acid reflux, feeling cold all the time, dizziness and fainting, or syncope, thinning hair or dry and brittle hair, dehydration.

• #82 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and a serious mental illness. […] People with bulimia nervosa engage in binge eating and then engage in behaviours to try to compensate for this food intake. […] People can live with the eating disorder for a long time without seeking support. […] Understanding the signs of bulimia nervosa and seeking early treatment is the best way to begin your journey to recovery. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include weight change or fluctuations in weight, dental erosion, bad breath, swelling around the cheeks and jaw, indigestion, frequent constipation, diarrhoea or new food intolerances, heart-related conditions, irregular heart beat, low blood pressure, fainting or dizziness that is not due to another illness or health condition, fatigue and sleep difficulties, loss of periods or altered menstrual cycles, muscle fatigue, cramps.

• #83 Signs & Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa | Psych Central

  https://psychcentral.com/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa-symptoms

  Bulimia is known for the classic symptoms of bingeing and purging, but this eating disorder has several other distinctive symptoms. […] Bulimia nervosa, aka bulimia, is an eating disorder where you feel out of control when you eat like you cant stop. Then, after overeating, you may feel an intense sense of guilt and an overwhelming urge to make up for the binge. […] These episodes of bingeing and purging are a continuous cycle that repeat over and over. Its not uncommon to feel guilt or shame after each episode. […] Though bingeing and purging are the most well-known symptoms of bulimia, there are other characteristics of the condition as well. […] Bulimia can take a toll on the body, causing physical damage to parts of the body involved in eating and digesting food. […] Some physical symptoms of bulimia include: swollen cheeks or jaw, cuts or calluses on the knuckles or back of hands, stained or discolored teeth, tooth decay, broken blood vessels in the eyes, dry skin or dry and brittle nails, stomach cramps or other gastrointestinal problems, like constipation or acid reflux, feeling cold all the time, dizziness and fainting, or syncope, thinning hair or dry and brittle hair, dehydration.

• #84 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and a serious mental illness. […] People with bulimia nervosa engage in binge eating and then engage in behaviours to try to compensate for this food intake. […] People can live with the eating disorder for a long time without seeking support. […] Understanding the signs of bulimia nervosa and seeking early treatment is the best way to begin your journey to recovery. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include weight change or fluctuations in weight, dental erosion, bad breath, swelling around the cheeks and jaw, indigestion, frequent constipation, diarrhoea or new food intolerances, heart-related conditions, irregular heart beat, low blood pressure, fainting or dizziness that is not due to another illness or health condition, fatigue and sleep difficulties, loss of periods or altered menstrual cycles, muscle fatigue, cramps.

• #85 Bulimia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bulimia/

  The main signs of bulimia are: losing control of how much you’re eating over a very short time (binge eating) […] ridding your body of the extra food (purging). Purging may include making yourself sick (vomiting), taking laxative or diuretic medicines, avoiding eating for long periods of time, exercising excessively, or a combination of these. Other signs of bulimia include: fear of putting on weight […] obsessing and being very critical about your weight and body shape […] mood changes feeling very tense, irritable, anxious or depressed […] thinking about food a lot, and planning binge-eating […] feeling guilty and ashamed, and behaving secretively about eating habits […] avoiding social activities that involve food […] feeling like you have no control over your eating. You may also notice physical signs like: feeling tired (fatigue) and trouble sleeping

• #86 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #87 Bulimia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bulimia/

  The main signs of bulimia are: losing control of how much you’re eating over a very short time (binge eating) […] ridding your body of the extra food (purging). Purging may include making yourself sick (vomiting), taking laxative or diuretic medicines, avoiding eating for long periods of time, exercising excessively, or a combination of these. Other signs of bulimia include: fear of putting on weight […] obsessing and being very critical about your weight and body shape […] mood changes feeling very tense, irritable, anxious or depressed […] thinking about food a lot, and planning binge-eating […] feeling guilty and ashamed, and behaving secretively about eating habits […] avoiding social activities that involve food […] feeling like you have no control over your eating. You may also notice physical signs like: feeling tired (fatigue) and trouble sleeping

• #88 The Core Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa, Anxiety, and Depression: A Network Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5378619/

  Bulimia nervosa (BN) is characterized by symptoms of binge eating and compensatory behavior, and overevaluation of weight and shape, which often co-occur with symptoms of anxiety and depression. […] Results showed that fear of weight gain was central to BN psychopathology, whereas binge eating, purging, and restriction were less central in the symptom network. […] Symptoms related to sensitivity to physical sensations (e.g., changes in appetite, feeling dizzy, wobbly) were identified as bridge symptoms between BN, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. […] Fear of weight gain, desire to lose weight, and feelings of fatness fell at the center of the model, suggesting that these symptoms may be core to BN psychopathology. […] Our findings support the importance of overevaluation of weight and shape as central in a cognitive behavioral model of BN.

• #89 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #90 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  The warning signs of bulimia nervosa can be physical, psychological, and behavioural. It is possible for a person with bulimia nervosa to display a combination of these symptoms, or no obvious symptoms. […] Some of the medical impacts and complications associated with bulimia nervosa include: Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from frequent vomiting; Stomach and intestinal ulcers; Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxatives; Heart problems including slow heart rate, irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure; Electrolyte disturbance, including potassium and sodium; Osteoporosis or osteopenia: a reduction in bone density caused by a specific nutritional deficiency; Fatigue and lethargy; Loss of or disturbance to menstruation; Increased risk of infertility; Death.

• #91 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #92 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  The warning signs of bulimia nervosa can be physical, psychological, and behavioural. It is possible for a person with bulimia nervosa to display a combination of these symptoms, or no obvious symptoms. […] Some of the medical impacts and complications associated with bulimia nervosa include: Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from frequent vomiting; Stomach and intestinal ulcers; Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxatives; Heart problems including slow heart rate, irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure; Electrolyte disturbance, including potassium and sodium; Osteoporosis or osteopenia: a reduction in bone density caused by a specific nutritional deficiency; Fatigue and lethargy; Loss of or disturbance to menstruation; Increased risk of infertility; Death.

• #93 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #94 Signs & Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa | Psych Central

  https://psychcentral.com/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa-symptoms

  Bulimia is known for the classic symptoms of bingeing and purging, but this eating disorder has several other distinctive symptoms. […] Bulimia nervosa, aka bulimia, is an eating disorder where you feel out of control when you eat like you cant stop. Then, after overeating, you may feel an intense sense of guilt and an overwhelming urge to make up for the binge. […] These episodes of bingeing and purging are a continuous cycle that repeat over and over. Its not uncommon to feel guilt or shame after each episode. […] Though bingeing and purging are the most well-known symptoms of bulimia, there are other characteristics of the condition as well. […] Bulimia can take a toll on the body, causing physical damage to parts of the body involved in eating and digesting food. […] Some physical symptoms of bulimia include: swollen cheeks or jaw, cuts or calluses on the knuckles or back of hands, stained or discolored teeth, tooth decay, broken blood vessels in the eyes, dry skin or dry and brittle nails, stomach cramps or other gastrointestinal problems, like constipation or acid reflux, feeling cold all the time, dizziness and fainting, or syncope, thinning hair or dry and brittle hair, dehydration.

• #95 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] In addition to mental stress, continuous bingeing and purging puts great strain on the body. […] While characterized as an eating disorder, bulimia is also a mental health disorder that causes a cycle of health concerns. You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Having to keep secrets contributes to the cycle of stress and anxiety. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #96 Bulimia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bulimia/

  The main signs of bulimia are: losing control of how much you’re eating over a very short time (binge eating) […] ridding your body of the extra food (purging). Purging may include making yourself sick (vomiting), taking laxative or diuretic medicines, avoiding eating for long periods of time, exercising excessively, or a combination of these. Other signs of bulimia include: fear of putting on weight […] obsessing and being very critical about your weight and body shape […] mood changes feeling very tense, irritable, anxious or depressed […] thinking about food a lot, and planning binge-eating […] feeling guilty and ashamed, and behaving secretively about eating habits […] avoiding social activities that involve food […] feeling like you have no control over your eating. You may also notice physical signs like: feeling tired (fatigue) and trouble sleeping

• #97 Bulimia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bulimia/

  The main signs of bulimia are: losing control of how much you’re eating over a very short time (binge eating) […] ridding your body of the extra food (purging). Purging may include making yourself sick (vomiting), taking laxative or diuretic medicines, avoiding eating for long periods of time, exercising excessively, or a combination of these. Other signs of bulimia include: fear of putting on weight […] obsessing and being very critical about your weight and body shape […] mood changes feeling very tense, irritable, anxious or depressed […] thinking about food a lot, and planning binge-eating […] feeling guilty and ashamed, and behaving secretively about eating habits […] avoiding social activities that involve food […] feeling like you have no control over your eating. You may also notice physical signs like: feeling tired (fatigue) and trouble sleeping

• #98 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #99 Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa

  https://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/signs-and-symptoms-of-bulimia-nervosa

  Damage to the teeth primarily occurs in people with purging type BN, due to stomach acid eroding away at tooth enamel. […] The self-induced vomiting involved in bulimia nervosa can also lead to inflamed salivary glands, in a condition called parotid sialadenosis. […] In many cases, people with BN utilize self-induced vomiting as a compensatory measure to avoid gaining weight. […] More physiological effects of bulimia are tied to the irregular distribution or absorption of nutrients in the body. […] Irregular or missed periods, also called amenorrhea, is another common sign of bulimia. […] One of the most dangerous signs of bulimia nervosa are the cardiovascular complications the eating disorder can lead to. […] Bulimia nervosa takes a huge toll on the body, but the disorder ultimately originates in the mind.

• #100 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #101 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  The warning signs of bulimia nervosa can be physical, psychological, and behavioural. It is possible for a person with bulimia nervosa to display a combination of these symptoms, or no obvious symptoms. […] Some of the medical impacts and complications associated with bulimia nervosa include: Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from frequent vomiting; Stomach and intestinal ulcers; Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxatives; Heart problems including slow heart rate, irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure; Electrolyte disturbance, including potassium and sodium; Osteoporosis or osteopenia: a reduction in bone density caused by a specific nutritional deficiency; Fatigue and lethargy; Loss of or disturbance to menstruation; Increased risk of infertility; Death.

• #102 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #103 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms & Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/bulimia-nervosa

  Substance abuse, impulsivity and self-harm are also common in people with bulimia. […] Proper treatment for bulimia requires professional help from a multidisciplinary team of specialists. […] Recovery from an eating disorder takes time and full support from loved ones. […] Potential health complications of bulimia include: […] Many of the complications of bulimia can become life-threatening if left untreated. […] Bulimia is easier to treat before it causes severe health problems. […] If you find signs of binging and purging coupled with other signs and symptoms of bulimia, make an appointment with your family doctor or pediatrician to discuss your concerns.

• #104 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #105 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #106 Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa

  https://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/signs-and-symptoms-of-bulimia-nervosa

  Since many people with BN use self-induced vomiting to prevent weight gain, they may commonly disappear immediately after a meal in order to purge. […] Another common compensatory behavior in purging type bulimia nervosa is the misuse of laxatives, enemas, and diuretics. […] One of the most common expressions of non-purging BN is the use of excessive exercise to „make up for” binge eating episodes. […] The act of regularly regurgitating food can also cause significant gastrointestinal discomfort, because of the physical mechanics used to bring food back up and the effect of stomach acid on the esophagus and other areas. […] The persons preoccupation with the size, shape, and weight of their body is one of the main factors that makes them hyper-fixate on food, whether in restricting it, binging on it, or making up for that binge with compensatory behavior.

• #107 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #108 Bulimia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bulimia/

  The main signs of bulimia are: losing control of how much you’re eating over a very short time (binge eating) […] ridding your body of the extra food (purging). Purging may include making yourself sick (vomiting), taking laxative or diuretic medicines, avoiding eating for long periods of time, exercising excessively, or a combination of these. Other signs of bulimia include: fear of putting on weight […] obsessing and being very critical about your weight and body shape […] mood changes feeling very tense, irritable, anxious or depressed […] thinking about food a lot, and planning binge-eating […] feeling guilty and ashamed, and behaving secretively about eating habits […] avoiding social activities that involve food […] feeling like you have no control over your eating. You may also notice physical signs like: feeling tired (fatigue) and trouble sleeping

• #109 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #110 Understanding Eating Disorders, such as Anorexia and Bulimia

  https://dmh.lacounty.gov/our-services/employment-education/education/eating-disorders/

  Bulimia is a disorder in which a person eats large amounts of food (“bingeing”) and then rids the body of that food before it can be absorbed (“purging”). A person who is bulimic purges either by vomiting or using laxatives or diuretics (water pills). […] Bulimia usually develops between the ages of 15 and 24 and affects mostly females. A bulimic’s weight is usually within the range of what is normal for her size and height, but it tends to go up and down a lot because of all the bingeing and purging. […] A bulimic no longer has full control over eating. She may be afraid to eat in restaurants or with other people because she cannot control the urges to binge or the urges to purge after eating normal amounts of food. This fear may cause her to avoid social situations and isolate herself from other people.

• #111 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #112 Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa

  https://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/signs-and-symptoms-of-bulimia-nervosa

  Since many people with BN use self-induced vomiting to prevent weight gain, they may commonly disappear immediately after a meal in order to purge. […] Another common compensatory behavior in purging type bulimia nervosa is the misuse of laxatives, enemas, and diuretics. […] One of the most common expressions of non-purging BN is the use of excessive exercise to „make up for” binge eating episodes. […] The act of regularly regurgitating food can also cause significant gastrointestinal discomfort, because of the physical mechanics used to bring food back up and the effect of stomach acid on the esophagus and other areas. […] The persons preoccupation with the size, shape, and weight of their body is one of the main factors that makes them hyper-fixate on food, whether in restricting it, binging on it, or making up for that binge with compensatory behavior.

• #113 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #114 Bulimia Symptoms, Signs, and Red Flags | Walden

  https://www.waldeneatingdisorders.com/what-we-treat/bulimia/bulimia-symptoms-signs/

  Other warning signs of bulimia include: Disappearance of food in a short period of time, Frequent trips to the bathroom after meals, Presence of food wrappers or containers, Eating meals in secrecy, Creation of lifestyle schedules or rituals to make time for binge-and-purge sessions, Physical signs or smells of vomiting, General behavior and attitude indicating that weight loss, dieting, and control of food are becoming primary concerns.

• #115 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #116 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Purging signs and symptoms include going to the bathroom after meals, frequently disappearing after meals to throw up, and using laxatives, diuretics, or enemas after eating. […] Physical signs and symptoms include calluses or scars on knuckles or hands from sticking fingers down throat to induce vomiting, puffy “chipmunk” cheeks caused by repeated vomiting, and discolored teeth from exposure to stomach acid when throwing up. […] The most dangerous side effect of bulimia is dehydration due to purging. Vomiting, laxatives, and diuretics can cause electrolyte imbalances in the body, most commonly in the form of low potassium levels. […] Other common medical complications and adverse effects of bulimia include weight gain, abdominal pain, bloating, and chronic sore throat. […] If you are living with bulimia, you know how scary it feels to be so out of control. Knowing that you are harming your body just adds to the fear.

• #117 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #118 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #119 What is Bulimia: Symptoms, Complications, & Causes

  https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/information/bulimia

  Behavioral red flags of bulimia are not as easily identifiable as the physical listed above; however, it is still possible to recognize behavioral changes that could indicate a problem, for example: Engaging in binge eating episodes. Distress over body shape/weight/size and/or negative body image. Expressing shame or guilt around eating. Frequently going to the bathroom during or immediately after meals. Increased irritability. Increased depression and suicidal ideation or self-harming behaviors. Withdrawal from family and friends, particularly in situations related to food or during/after meals. Uncomfortable eating food around others. Buying/hoarding diuretics/laxatives. Hiding food. Drinking excessive amounts of water. […] It is not surprising then that bulimic behaviors result in serious long-term consequences to the physical functioning of the body, which include: Digestive Issues. Irregular Heartbeat/Cardiovascular issues/heart attack or failure. Cardiomyopathy. Coronary heart disease. Gum disease and tooth decay/tooth loss. Mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, substance use issues, etc. Dehydration and organ issues/failure. Increased suicidal ideation. Irregular menstrual cycles and fertility issues. Low bone density. Osteopenia. Osteoporosis. Ulcers in the lining of the intestine. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Bowel perforation. Possible colon resection. Use of a colostomy bag. Damage to esophageal sphincter and esophagus. Chronic Acid Reflux disease. Esophageal cancer. Death due to the physical impacts mentioned above or increased suicidal ideation.

• #120 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality. […] Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include repetitive dieting behaviour (such as counting calories, fasting, skipping meals, avoiding certain food groups), compulsive or excessive exercise, even when sick or injured, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality.

• #121 Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa

  https://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/signs-and-symptoms-of-bulimia-nervosa

  Since many people with BN use self-induced vomiting to prevent weight gain, they may commonly disappear immediately after a meal in order to purge. […] Another common compensatory behavior in purging type bulimia nervosa is the misuse of laxatives, enemas, and diuretics. […] One of the most common expressions of non-purging BN is the use of excessive exercise to „make up for” binge eating episodes. […] The act of regularly regurgitating food can also cause significant gastrointestinal discomfort, because of the physical mechanics used to bring food back up and the effect of stomach acid on the esophagus and other areas. […] The persons preoccupation with the size, shape, and weight of their body is one of the main factors that makes them hyper-fixate on food, whether in restricting it, binging on it, or making up for that binge with compensatory behavior.

• #122 What Are the Warning Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa? |

  https://selahhouse.com/resources/what-are-the-warning-signs-and-symptoms-of-bulimia-nervosa/

  Purging is usually the result of self-induced vomiting after consuming those large meals. […] Due to the self-induced vomiting, people suffering from bulimia will be at an increased risk of dehydration and may seem weak and tired throughout the day. […] This may lead to food rituals such as sorting their food or making sure foods are on separate plates. […] Because of the constant purging, dental problems are a big warning sign and symptom of bulimia nervosa. […] While they may seem normal to someone with bulimia, none of these warning signs should be taken lightly.

• #123 The Core Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa, Anxiety, and Depression: A Network Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5378619/

  Bulimia nervosa (BN) is characterized by symptoms of binge eating and compensatory behavior, and overevaluation of weight and shape, which often co-occur with symptoms of anxiety and depression. […] Results showed that fear of weight gain was central to BN psychopathology, whereas binge eating, purging, and restriction were less central in the symptom network. […] Symptoms related to sensitivity to physical sensations (e.g., changes in appetite, feeling dizzy, wobbly) were identified as bridge symptoms between BN, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. […] Fear of weight gain, desire to lose weight, and feelings of fatness fell at the center of the model, suggesting that these symptoms may be core to BN psychopathology. […] Our findings support the importance of overevaluation of weight and shape as central in a cognitive behavioral model of BN.

• #124 The Core Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa, Anxiety, and Depression: A Network Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5378619/

  Bulimia nervosa (BN) is characterized by symptoms of binge eating and compensatory behavior, and overevaluation of weight and shape, which often co-occur with symptoms of anxiety and depression. […] Results showed that fear of weight gain was central to BN psychopathology, whereas binge eating, purging, and restriction were less central in the symptom network. […] Symptoms related to sensitivity to physical sensations (e.g., changes in appetite, feeling dizzy, wobbly) were identified as bridge symptoms between BN, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. […] Fear of weight gain, desire to lose weight, and feelings of fatness fell at the center of the model, suggesting that these symptoms may be core to BN psychopathology. […] Our findings support the importance of overevaluation of weight and shape as central in a cognitive behavioral model of BN.

• #125 Bulimia Nervosa – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Patients are typically of normal weight; only a minority are have excess weight or obesity. However, patients are excessively concerned about their body weight and/or shape; they are often dissatisfied with their bodies and think that they need to lose weight. […] Most physical symptoms and complications of bulimia nervosa result from purging. Self-induced vomiting may lead to erosion of dental enamel of the front teeth, painless parotid (salivary) gland enlargement, and an inflamed esophagus. […] Recurrent episodes of binge eating (the uncontrolled consumption of unusually large amounts of food) that are accompanied by feelings of loss of control over eating and that occur, on average, at least once a week for 3 months. […] Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to influence body weight (on average, at least once a week for 3 months).

• #126 Bulimia Nervosa – Mental Health Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  In an attempt to counteract the effects of the excess food, people use various means to compensate: Purging for example, by making themselves vomit (self-induced vomiting) or taking laxatives or diuretics (drugs that cause the kidneys to excrete more water). […] Unlike in anorexia nervosa, the body weight of people with bulimia nervosa tends to fluctuate around normal. […] Self-induced vomiting can erode tooth enamel, enlarge the salivary glands in the cheeks (parotid glands), and inflame the esophagus. Vomiting can lower potassium levels in the blood, causing abnormal heart rhythms. Sudden death can result from an abnormal heart rhythm in people who repeatedly take large quantities of ipecac to induce vomiting. […] People with bulimia nervosa are preoccupied with and judge themselves based on their weight and body shape.

• #127 The Core Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa, Anxiety, and Depression: A Network Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5378619/

  Our findings suggest that while these hallmark symptoms may be critical for diagnosis, binge eating and purging may not play as strong of a maintaining role in the disorder as does fear of weight gain. […] Our findings also bring to light several areas that should be tested with future treatment research. […] Our findings suggest that exposures that target fear of weight gain would address core (fear of weight gain) rather than peripheral (binge eating and purging) fears. […] We found that physical sensations may bridge the associations between BN and anxiety/depression symptoms. […] In the anxiety and BN network, feelings of wobbliness in one’s legs, unsteadiness, and dizziness fell very close to the BN symptoms and were highly central. […] In the depression and BN network, lack of interest in sex and changes in appetite were highly central.

• #128 The Core Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa, Anxiety, and Depression: A Network Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5378619/

  Our findings suggest that while these hallmark symptoms may be critical for diagnosis, binge eating and purging may not play as strong of a maintaining role in the disorder as does fear of weight gain. […] Our findings also bring to light several areas that should be tested with future treatment research. […] Our findings suggest that exposures that target fear of weight gain would address core (fear of weight gain) rather than peripheral (binge eating and purging) fears. […] We found that physical sensations may bridge the associations between BN and anxiety/depression symptoms. […] In the anxiety and BN network, feelings of wobbliness in one’s legs, unsteadiness, and dizziness fell very close to the BN symptoms and were highly central. […] In the depression and BN network, lack of interest in sex and changes in appetite were highly central.

• #129 Bulimia Nervosa: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/bulimia-nervosa-pro

  Most people with bulimia nervosa are young and of normal weight, or even overweight, making detection and diagnosis difficult. […] The core features include: Regular binge eating. Loss of control of eating during binges. […] Attempts to counteract the binges – eg, vomiting, using laxatives, diuretics, dietary restriction and excessive exercise. […] Body mass index (BMI) is maintained above 17.5 kg/m2. […] Preoccupation with weight, body shape and body image. Self-evaluation is unduly based on body weight and shape. […] Preoccupation with food and diet. This is often rigid or ritualistic and deviations from a planned eating programme cause distress. […] Physical symptoms may occur including: Bloating and fullness. […] Mood disturbance and anxiety are common, as are low self-esteem, and self-harm. […] The typical course of bulimia nervosa consists of cycles of remission and relapse. […] Bulimia nervosa is associated with better recovery rates and lower mortality than anorexia nervosa. Between 30-60% of people with bulimia nervosa make a full recovery with treatment.

• #130 Bulimia Nervosa: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286485-overview

  Individuals with BN are dissatisfied with their body shape, weight, or both and usually show some degree of body image distortion (believing one looks much fatter than is actually the case). […] The illness may pursue a long-term, fluctuating course over many years, or may be more episodic, associated with stressful life events and crises. […] In a 12-year outcome study that looked at BN, purging type, 28.2% of the individuals maintained the diagnosis of BN. […] Consistent predictors of outcome have not yet been identified. However, the severity of the purging sequelae, negative self-image, childhood maltreatment, childhood obesity/overeating, individual/family eating patterns during childhood/early adolescence, and ADHD may be important indicators of worse prognosis.

• #131 Bulimia Nervosa: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286485-overview

  Individuals with BN are dissatisfied with their body shape, weight, or both and usually show some degree of body image distortion (believing one looks much fatter than is actually the case). […] The illness may pursue a long-term, fluctuating course over many years, or may be more episodic, associated with stressful life events and crises. […] In a 12-year outcome study that looked at BN, purging type, 28.2% of the individuals maintained the diagnosis of BN. […] Consistent predictors of outcome have not yet been identified. However, the severity of the purging sequelae, negative self-image, childhood maltreatment, childhood obesity/overeating, individual/family eating patterns during childhood/early adolescence, and ADHD may be important indicators of worse prognosis.

• #132 Bulimia Nervosa: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/bulimia-nervosa-pro

  Most people with bulimia nervosa are young and of normal weight, or even overweight, making detection and diagnosis difficult. […] The core features include: Regular binge eating. Loss of control of eating during binges. […] Attempts to counteract the binges – eg, vomiting, using laxatives, diuretics, dietary restriction and excessive exercise. […] Body mass index (BMI) is maintained above 17.5 kg/m2. […] Preoccupation with weight, body shape and body image. Self-evaluation is unduly based on body weight and shape. […] Preoccupation with food and diet. This is often rigid or ritualistic and deviations from a planned eating programme cause distress. […] Physical symptoms may occur including: Bloating and fullness. […] Mood disturbance and anxiety are common, as are low self-esteem, and self-harm. […] The typical course of bulimia nervosa consists of cycles of remission and relapse. […] Bulimia nervosa is associated with better recovery rates and lower mortality than anorexia nervosa. Between 30-60% of people with bulimia nervosa make a full recovery with treatment.

• #133 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of general medical complications, including metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] The primary objective of treatment is a cessation of the binging and purging behavior. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine, citalopram, and sertraline have shown to reduce symptoms of bulimia nervosa. […] Most patients who have bulimia nervosa will recover from the condition. […] The five-year remission rate for bulimia nervosa using DSM-IV criteria has an estimate of 74%, and among those, 47% also had a relapse within those five years. […] Complications associated with bulimia nervosa include salivary gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) and swollen cheeks, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, GERD, Barretts esophagus, laryngopharyngeal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, achalasia, esophageal spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, dental enamel erosion, rectal prolapse, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

• #134 Bulimia Nervosa: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/bulimia-nervosa-pro

  Most people with bulimia nervosa are young and of normal weight, or even overweight, making detection and diagnosis difficult. […] The core features include: Regular binge eating. Loss of control of eating during binges. […] Attempts to counteract the binges – eg, vomiting, using laxatives, diuretics, dietary restriction and excessive exercise. […] Body mass index (BMI) is maintained above 17.5 kg/m2. […] Preoccupation with weight, body shape and body image. Self-evaluation is unduly based on body weight and shape. […] Preoccupation with food and diet. This is often rigid or ritualistic and deviations from a planned eating programme cause distress. […] Physical symptoms may occur including: Bloating and fullness. […] Mood disturbance and anxiety are common, as are low self-esteem, and self-harm. […] The typical course of bulimia nervosa consists of cycles of remission and relapse. […] Bulimia nervosa is associated with better recovery rates and lower mortality than anorexia nervosa. Between 30-60% of people with bulimia nervosa make a full recovery with treatment.

• #135 Bulimia Nervosa Meaning, Symptoms, Treatment, & Medication

  https://www.medicinenet.com/bulimia_nervosa/article.htm

  The potential dangers of bulimia can be severe and affect virtually every organ system. The malnutrition that can result from inducing vomiting and abusing laxatives, diet pills, and/or diuretics (medications that cause increased urinating) can result in low blood pressure to the point of fainting, cold hands and feet, abnormalities in body chemistry (abnormal electrolyte levels), as well as abnormal hormone levels, failure to ovulate, and delayed puberty. […] Permanent complications can include stunted growth, decreased bone density, and changes in the person’s brain structure. Severe complications can include irregular heartbeat and rectal prolapse. […] In contrast to illnesses like depression, that can have as much as a 75% recovery rate, only about half the people with bulimia fully recover. Most full recovery takes place between four and nine years later. About one-third of bulimia sufferers have made a partial recovery and 10-20% continue to have chronic symptoms.

• #136 Bulimia nervosa – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353621

  A diagnosis of bulimia usually includes episodes of binging and purging at least once a week for three months. But any binge and purge behaviors, even when done less often, can be dangerous and need treatment. The more often the episodes occur, the more severe the bulimia is. […] Although most people with bulimia get better, some find that symptoms don’t go away entirely. Periods of binge eating and purging may come and go through the years. For example, some people may binge eat and purge when they’re under a lot of stress. […] If you’ve had an eating disorder in the past and you notice your symptoms returning, seek help from your medical team right away.

• #137 Bulimia: Symptoms, diagnosis and treatments – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/bulimia-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatments

  Bulimia can lead to dehydration. Repeated vomiting can cause stomach acids to dissolve protective tooth enamel, making teeth much more vulnerable to decay. Overuse of laxatives can cause chronic gastrointestinal problems. Severe bulimia can lead to heart problems, and sometimes can be deadly. […] Some individuals have bulimia for a short time, such as during a stressful a stage of life. Others have it for many years.

• #138 Bulimia nervosa

  https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Girls or women with bulimia may also have behavior changes such as: Often going to the bathroom right after eating (to throw up), Exercising a lot, even in bad weather or when hurt or tired, Acting moody or sad, hating the way she looks, or feeling hopeless, Having problems expressing anger, Not wanting to go out with friends or do activities she once enjoyed. […] People with bulimia often have other mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, or problems with substance abuse. […] Purging through vomiting or taking laxatives can prevent your body from getting the important nutrients it needs from food. […] Over time, bulimia can affect your body in the following ways: Stomach damage from overeating, Electrolyte imbalance (having levels of sodium, potassium, or other minerals that are too high or too low, which can lead to heart attack or heart failure), Ulcers and other damage to your throat from vomiting, Irregular periods or not having periods, which can cause problems getting pregnant, Tooth decay from vomiting, Dehydration, Problems having bowel movements or damage to the intestines from laxative abuse.

• #139 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] In addition to mental stress, continuous bingeing and purging puts great strain on the body. […] While characterized as an eating disorder, bulimia is also a mental health disorder that causes a cycle of health concerns. You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Having to keep secrets contributes to the cycle of stress and anxiety. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #140 Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa

  https://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/signs-and-symptoms-of-bulimia-nervosa

  Mood disorders of all types commonly co-occur with bulimia nervosa, though depression and anxiety disorders share a particularly strong connection with the condition. […] Bulimia nervosa is a serious medical issue that can be potentially fatal if left unchecked. […] If you think you or someone you love may be struggling with any of the signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa, its important to seek help as soon as possible.

• #141 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] In addition to mental stress, continuous bingeing and purging puts great strain on the body. […] While characterized as an eating disorder, bulimia is also a mental health disorder that causes a cycle of health concerns. You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Having to keep secrets contributes to the cycle of stress and anxiety. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #142 Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa

  https://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/signs-and-symptoms-of-bulimia-nervosa

  Mood disorders of all types commonly co-occur with bulimia nervosa, though depression and anxiety disorders share a particularly strong connection with the condition. […] Bulimia nervosa is a serious medical issue that can be potentially fatal if left unchecked. […] If you think you or someone you love may be struggling with any of the signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa, its important to seek help as soon as possible.

• #143 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] In addition to mental stress, continuous bingeing and purging puts great strain on the body. […] While characterized as an eating disorder, bulimia is also a mental health disorder that causes a cycle of health concerns. You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Having to keep secrets contributes to the cycle of stress and anxiety. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #144 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms & Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/bulimia-nervosa

  Substance abuse, impulsivity and self-harm are also common in people with bulimia. […] Proper treatment for bulimia requires professional help from a multidisciplinary team of specialists. […] Recovery from an eating disorder takes time and full support from loved ones. […] Potential health complications of bulimia include: […] Many of the complications of bulimia can become life-threatening if left untreated. […] Bulimia is easier to treat before it causes severe health problems. […] If you find signs of binging and purging coupled with other signs and symptoms of bulimia, make an appointment with your family doctor or pediatrician to discuss your concerns.

• #145 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  The warning signs of bulimia nervosa can be physical, psychological, and behavioural. It is possible for a person with bulimia nervosa to display a combination of these symptoms, or no obvious symptoms. […] Some of the medical impacts and complications associated with bulimia nervosa include: Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from frequent vomiting; Stomach and intestinal ulcers; Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxatives; Heart problems including slow heart rate, irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure; Electrolyte disturbance, including potassium and sodium; Osteoporosis or osteopenia: a reduction in bone density caused by a specific nutritional deficiency; Fatigue and lethargy; Loss of or disturbance to menstruation; Increased risk of infertility; Death.

• #146 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms & Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/bulimia-nervosa

  Substance abuse, impulsivity and self-harm are also common in people with bulimia. […] Proper treatment for bulimia requires professional help from a multidisciplinary team of specialists. […] Recovery from an eating disorder takes time and full support from loved ones. […] Potential health complications of bulimia include: […] Many of the complications of bulimia can become life-threatening if left untreated. […] Bulimia is easier to treat before it causes severe health problems. […] If you find signs of binging and purging coupled with other signs and symptoms of bulimia, make an appointment with your family doctor or pediatrician to discuss your concerns.

• #147 The Core Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa, Anxiety, and Depression: A Network Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5378619/

  Our findings suggest that while these hallmark symptoms may be critical for diagnosis, binge eating and purging may not play as strong of a maintaining role in the disorder as does fear of weight gain. […] Our findings also bring to light several areas that should be tested with future treatment research. […] Our findings suggest that exposures that target fear of weight gain would address core (fear of weight gain) rather than peripheral (binge eating and purging) fears. […] We found that physical sensations may bridge the associations between BN and anxiety/depression symptoms. […] In the anxiety and BN network, feelings of wobbliness in one’s legs, unsteadiness, and dizziness fell very close to the BN symptoms and were highly central. […] In the depression and BN network, lack of interest in sex and changes in appetite were highly central.

• #148 The Core Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa, Anxiety, and Depression: A Network Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5378619/

  Our findings suggest that while these hallmark symptoms may be critical for diagnosis, binge eating and purging may not play as strong of a maintaining role in the disorder as does fear of weight gain. […] Our findings also bring to light several areas that should be tested with future treatment research. […] Our findings suggest that exposures that target fear of weight gain would address core (fear of weight gain) rather than peripheral (binge eating and purging) fears. […] We found that physical sensations may bridge the associations between BN and anxiety/depression symptoms. […] In the anxiety and BN network, feelings of wobbliness in one’s legs, unsteadiness, and dizziness fell very close to the BN symptoms and were highly central. […] In the depression and BN network, lack of interest in sex and changes in appetite were highly central.

• #149 The Core Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa, Anxiety, and Depression: A Network Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5378619/

  Our findings suggest that while these hallmark symptoms may be critical for diagnosis, binge eating and purging may not play as strong of a maintaining role in the disorder as does fear of weight gain. […] Our findings also bring to light several areas that should be tested with future treatment research. […] Our findings suggest that exposures that target fear of weight gain would address core (fear of weight gain) rather than peripheral (binge eating and purging) fears. […] We found that physical sensations may bridge the associations between BN and anxiety/depression symptoms. […] In the anxiety and BN network, feelings of wobbliness in one’s legs, unsteadiness, and dizziness fell very close to the BN symptoms and were highly central. […] In the depression and BN network, lack of interest in sex and changes in appetite were highly central.

• #150 Bulimia Nervosa Treatment Near You: Causes, Effects & Process

  https://emilyprogram.com/eating-disorders-we-treat/bulimia-nervosa/

  Bulimia nervosa is characterized by a distressing cycle of binge eating, followed by compensatory purging behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, fasting, and excessive exercise. This relentless cycle can take a significant toll on the body and mind, leading to severe physical and emotional consequences. […] Bulimia nervosa can have severe consequences on your health, affecting multiple body systems. As you struggle with the cycle of binge eating and purging, you’re putting your body at risk for numerous complications. […] One of the most immediate dangers is dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. When you purge through vomiting or laxative abuse, you lose essential fluids and minerals like potassium and sodium. This can lead to heart problems, including irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias) and even heart failure in severe cases.

• #151 Eating Disorders: MedlinePlusLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html

  Eating disorders are serious mental health disorders. They involve severe problems with your thoughts about food and your eating behaviors. You may eat much less or much more than you need. […] Bulimia nervosa. People with bulimia nervosa also have periods of binge-eating. But afterwards, they purge, by making themselves throw up or using laxatives. They may also over-exercise or fast. People with bulimia nervosa may be slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight. […] The symptoms of bulimia nervosa include the same symptoms as binge-eating, plus trying to get rid of the food or weight after binging by: Purging, making yourself throw up or using laxatives or enemas to speed up the movement of food through your body. […] Over time, bulimia nervosa can cause health problems such as: Chronically inflamed and sore throat, Swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area, Worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth. This is caused by the exposure to stomach acid every time you throw up, GERD (acid reflux) and other gastrointestinal problems, Severe dehydration from purging, Electrolyte imbalance, which could be too low or too high levels of sodium, calcium, potassium and other minerals. This can lead to a stroke or heart attack.

• #152 Bulimia: Physical Risks, What Happens, Exams and Tests

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa/bulimia-effects-body

  Like all eating disorders, bulimia is a serious illness. It can permanently damage your body and can even be deadly. […] People with bulimia will often eat large amounts of food, or binge, and then try to get rid of the calories in what is called a purge. This often involves vomiting, excessive exercising, or abuse of laxatives or diuretics. This cycle of behaviors can cause problems to all parts of your body. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging takes a toll on your body. It can cause damage to everything from your heart and digestive system to your teeth and gums. […] Bulimia can permanently damage your stomach and intestines, causing other problems like constipation, diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome. […] Repeated forceful vomiting can also cause your esophagus to burst. This is called Boerhaave syndrome. It’s an emergency and needs immediate surgery.

• #153 Bulimia Nervosa Treatment Near You: Causes, Effects & Process

  https://emilyprogram.com/eating-disorders-we-treat/bulimia-nervosa/

  Bulimia nervosa is characterized by a distressing cycle of binge eating, followed by compensatory purging behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, fasting, and excessive exercise. This relentless cycle can take a significant toll on the body and mind, leading to severe physical and emotional consequences. […] Bulimia nervosa can have severe consequences on your health, affecting multiple body systems. As you struggle with the cycle of binge eating and purging, you’re putting your body at risk for numerous complications. […] One of the most immediate dangers is dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. When you purge through vomiting or laxative abuse, you lose essential fluids and minerals like potassium and sodium. This can lead to heart problems, including irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias) and even heart failure in severe cases.

• #154 Bulimia Nervosa Treatment Near You: Causes, Effects & Process

  https://emilyprogram.com/eating-disorders-we-treat/bulimia-nervosa/

  Bulimia nervosa is characterized by a distressing cycle of binge eating, followed by compensatory purging behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, fasting, and excessive exercise. This relentless cycle can take a significant toll on the body and mind, leading to severe physical and emotional consequences. […] Bulimia nervosa can have severe consequences on your health, affecting multiple body systems. As you struggle with the cycle of binge eating and purging, you’re putting your body at risk for numerous complications. […] One of the most immediate dangers is dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. When you purge through vomiting or laxative abuse, you lose essential fluids and minerals like potassium and sodium. This can lead to heart problems, including irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias) and even heart failure in severe cases.

• #155 Bulimia Nervosa – National Eating Disorders Association

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/bulimia-nervosa/

  The recurrent binge-and-purge cycles of bulimia can affect the entire digestive system and can lead to electrolyte and chemical imbalances in the body that affect the heart and other major organ functions. […] Some of the most common health consequences of bulimia nervosa include: Electrolyte imbalances: Purging behaviors can lead to electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia (low potassium levels), hyponatremia (low sodium levels), and hypochloremia (low chloride levels). […] Bulimia nervosa can disrupt the body’s hormones, leading to menstrual irregularities, infertility, and osteoporosis.

• #156 Bulimia: Physical Risks, What Happens, Exams and Tests

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa/bulimia-effects-body

  Like all eating disorders, bulimia is a serious illness. It can permanently damage your body and can even be deadly. […] People with bulimia will often eat large amounts of food, or binge, and then try to get rid of the calories in what is called a purge. This often involves vomiting, excessive exercising, or abuse of laxatives or diuretics. This cycle of behaviors can cause problems to all parts of your body. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging takes a toll on your body. It can cause damage to everything from your heart and digestive system to your teeth and gums. […] Bulimia can permanently damage your stomach and intestines, causing other problems like constipation, diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome. […] Repeated forceful vomiting can also cause your esophagus to burst. This is called Boerhaave syndrome. It’s an emergency and needs immediate surgery.

• #157 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  The warning signs of bulimia nervosa can be physical, psychological, and behavioural. It is possible for a person with bulimia nervosa to display a combination of these symptoms, or no obvious symptoms. […] Some of the medical impacts and complications associated with bulimia nervosa include: Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from frequent vomiting; Stomach and intestinal ulcers; Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxatives; Heart problems including slow heart rate, irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure; Electrolyte disturbance, including potassium and sodium; Osteoporosis or osteopenia: a reduction in bone density caused by a specific nutritional deficiency; Fatigue and lethargy; Loss of or disturbance to menstruation; Increased risk of infertility; Death.

• #158 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and a serious mental illness. […] People with bulimia nervosa engage in binge eating and then engage in behaviours to try to compensate for this food intake. […] People can live with the eating disorder for a long time without seeking support. […] Understanding the signs of bulimia nervosa and seeking early treatment is the best way to begin your journey to recovery. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include weight change or fluctuations in weight, dental erosion, bad breath, swelling around the cheeks and jaw, indigestion, frequent constipation, diarrhoea or new food intolerances, heart-related conditions, irregular heart beat, low blood pressure, fainting or dizziness that is not due to another illness or health condition, fatigue and sleep difficulties, loss of periods or altered menstrual cycles, muscle fatigue, cramps.

• #159 Comprehensive Guide to Bulimia Nervosa: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://equip.health/articles/understanding-eds/what-is-bulimia

  Irregular menstrual cycles. […] Bulimia nervosa can affect someone’s physical and mental health, as well as their relationships and quality of life. However, almost all of these negative repercussions can be reversed, and the sooner someone is treated for bulimia, the better their chances of reducing or eliminating these consequences. […] Bulimia can affect someone’s physical and mental health. It can lead to tooth erosion, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), kidney damage, and abnormal heartbeats called cardiac arrhythmias, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and heart attack. Psychologically, bulimia often co-occurs with anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. And overall, it can decrease someone’s quality of life.

• #160 Bulimia: Physical Risks, What Happens, Exams and Tests

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa/bulimia-effects-body

  Like all eating disorders, bulimia is a serious illness. It can permanently damage your body and can even be deadly. […] People with bulimia will often eat large amounts of food, or binge, and then try to get rid of the calories in what is called a purge. This often involves vomiting, excessive exercising, or abuse of laxatives or diuretics. This cycle of behaviors can cause problems to all parts of your body. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging takes a toll on your body. It can cause damage to everything from your heart and digestive system to your teeth and gums. […] Bulimia can permanently damage your stomach and intestines, causing other problems like constipation, diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome. […] Repeated forceful vomiting can also cause your esophagus to burst. This is called Boerhaave syndrome. It’s an emergency and needs immediate surgery.

• #161 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  The warning signs of bulimia nervosa can be physical, psychological, and behavioural. It is possible for a person with bulimia nervosa to display a combination of these symptoms, or no obvious symptoms. […] Some of the medical impacts and complications associated with bulimia nervosa include: Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from frequent vomiting; Stomach and intestinal ulcers; Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxatives; Heart problems including slow heart rate, irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure; Electrolyte disturbance, including potassium and sodium; Osteoporosis or osteopenia: a reduction in bone density caused by a specific nutritional deficiency; Fatigue and lethargy; Loss of or disturbance to menstruation; Increased risk of infertility; Death.

• #162 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  The warning signs of bulimia nervosa can be physical, psychological, and behavioural. It is possible for a person with bulimia nervosa to display a combination of these symptoms, or no obvious symptoms. […] Some of the medical impacts and complications associated with bulimia nervosa include: Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from frequent vomiting; Stomach and intestinal ulcers; Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxatives; Heart problems including slow heart rate, irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure; Electrolyte disturbance, including potassium and sodium; Osteoporosis or osteopenia: a reduction in bone density caused by a specific nutritional deficiency; Fatigue and lethargy; Loss of or disturbance to menstruation; Increased risk of infertility; Death.

• #163 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  The warning signs of bulimia nervosa can be physical, psychological, and behavioural. It is possible for a person with bulimia nervosa to display a combination of these symptoms, or no obvious symptoms. […] Some of the medical impacts and complications associated with bulimia nervosa include: Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from frequent vomiting; Stomach and intestinal ulcers; Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxatives; Heart problems including slow heart rate, irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure; Electrolyte disturbance, including potassium and sodium; Osteoporosis or osteopenia: a reduction in bone density caused by a specific nutritional deficiency; Fatigue and lethargy; Loss of or disturbance to menstruation; Increased risk of infertility; Death.

• #164 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  The warning signs of bulimia nervosa can be physical, psychological, and behavioural. It is possible for a person with bulimia nervosa to display a combination of these symptoms, or no obvious symptoms. […] Some of the medical impacts and complications associated with bulimia nervosa include: Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from frequent vomiting; Stomach and intestinal ulcers; Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxatives; Heart problems including slow heart rate, irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure; Electrolyte disturbance, including potassium and sodium; Osteoporosis or osteopenia: a reduction in bone density caused by a specific nutritional deficiency; Fatigue and lethargy; Loss of or disturbance to menstruation; Increased risk of infertility; Death.

• #165 What is Bulimia: Symptoms, Complications, & Causes

  https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/information/bulimia

  Behavioral red flags of bulimia are not as easily identifiable as the physical listed above; however, it is still possible to recognize behavioral changes that could indicate a problem, for example: Engaging in binge eating episodes. Distress over body shape/weight/size and/or negative body image. Expressing shame or guilt around eating. Frequently going to the bathroom during or immediately after meals. Increased irritability. Increased depression and suicidal ideation or self-harming behaviors. Withdrawal from family and friends, particularly in situations related to food or during/after meals. Uncomfortable eating food around others. Buying/hoarding diuretics/laxatives. Hiding food. Drinking excessive amounts of water. […] It is not surprising then that bulimic behaviors result in serious long-term consequences to the physical functioning of the body, which include: Digestive Issues. Irregular Heartbeat/Cardiovascular issues/heart attack or failure. Cardiomyopathy. Coronary heart disease. Gum disease and tooth decay/tooth loss. Mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, substance use issues, etc. Dehydration and organ issues/failure. Increased suicidal ideation. Irregular menstrual cycles and fertility issues. Low bone density. Osteopenia. Osteoporosis. Ulcers in the lining of the intestine. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Bowel perforation. Possible colon resection. Use of a colostomy bag. Damage to esophageal sphincter and esophagus. Chronic Acid Reflux disease. Esophageal cancer. Death due to the physical impacts mentioned above or increased suicidal ideation.

• #166 Bulimia: Physical Risks, What Happens, Exams and Tests

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa/bulimia-effects-body

  Like all eating disorders, bulimia is a serious illness. It can permanently damage your body and can even be deadly. […] People with bulimia will often eat large amounts of food, or binge, and then try to get rid of the calories in what is called a purge. This often involves vomiting, excessive exercising, or abuse of laxatives or diuretics. This cycle of behaviors can cause problems to all parts of your body. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging takes a toll on your body. It can cause damage to everything from your heart and digestive system to your teeth and gums. […] Bulimia can permanently damage your stomach and intestines, causing other problems like constipation, diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome. […] Repeated forceful vomiting can also cause your esophagus to burst. This is called Boerhaave syndrome. It’s an emergency and needs immediate surgery.

• #167 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Over time, the high acid content of vomit can damage teeth and cause enamel erosion, tooth sensitivity, and gum disease. […] Frequent purging can cause dehydration. […] Bulimia can cause low blood pressure, a weak pulse, and anemia. […] The nutritional deficiencies people with bulimia experience can cause a hormonal imbalance. […] Bulimia can interfere with your menstrual cycle or stop it altogether. […] Dehydration from frequent vomiting means that your body doesnt have enough water. […] Dry skin and nails are also a long-term side effect of bulimia.

• #168 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Over time, the high acid content of vomit can damage teeth and cause enamel erosion, tooth sensitivity, and gum disease. […] Frequent purging can cause dehydration. […] Bulimia can cause low blood pressure, a weak pulse, and anemia. […] The nutritional deficiencies people with bulimia experience can cause a hormonal imbalance. […] Bulimia can interfere with your menstrual cycle or stop it altogether. […] Dehydration from frequent vomiting means that your body doesnt have enough water. […] Dry skin and nails are also a long-term side effect of bulimia.

• #169 Bulimia nervosa

  https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Girls or women with bulimia may also have behavior changes such as: Often going to the bathroom right after eating (to throw up), Exercising a lot, even in bad weather or when hurt or tired, Acting moody or sad, hating the way she looks, or feeling hopeless, Having problems expressing anger, Not wanting to go out with friends or do activities she once enjoyed. […] People with bulimia often have other mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, or problems with substance abuse. […] Purging through vomiting or taking laxatives can prevent your body from getting the important nutrients it needs from food. […] Over time, bulimia can affect your body in the following ways: Stomach damage from overeating, Electrolyte imbalance (having levels of sodium, potassium, or other minerals that are too high or too low, which can lead to heart attack or heart failure), Ulcers and other damage to your throat from vomiting, Irregular periods or not having periods, which can cause problems getting pregnant, Tooth decay from vomiting, Dehydration, Problems having bowel movements or damage to the intestines from laxative abuse.

• #170 Bulimia nervosa

  https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Girls or women with bulimia may also have behavior changes such as: Often going to the bathroom right after eating (to throw up), Exercising a lot, even in bad weather or when hurt or tired, Acting moody or sad, hating the way she looks, or feeling hopeless, Having problems expressing anger, Not wanting to go out with friends or do activities she once enjoyed. […] People with bulimia often have other mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, or problems with substance abuse. […] Purging through vomiting or taking laxatives can prevent your body from getting the important nutrients it needs from food. […] Over time, bulimia can affect your body in the following ways: Stomach damage from overeating, Electrolyte imbalance (having levels of sodium, potassium, or other minerals that are too high or too low, which can lead to heart attack or heart failure), Ulcers and other damage to your throat from vomiting, Irregular periods or not having periods, which can cause problems getting pregnant, Tooth decay from vomiting, Dehydration, Problems having bowel movements or damage to the intestines from laxative abuse.

• #171 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  The warning signs of bulimia nervosa can be physical, psychological, and behavioural. It is possible for a person with bulimia nervosa to display a combination of these symptoms, or no obvious symptoms. […] Some of the medical impacts and complications associated with bulimia nervosa include: Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from frequent vomiting; Stomach and intestinal ulcers; Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxatives; Heart problems including slow heart rate, irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure; Electrolyte disturbance, including potassium and sodium; Osteoporosis or osteopenia: a reduction in bone density caused by a specific nutritional deficiency; Fatigue and lethargy; Loss of or disturbance to menstruation; Increased risk of infertility; Death.

• #172 Bulimia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bulimia/

  feeling weak or dizzy […] a sore throat from being sick […] bloating or tummy pain […] puffy sides of your face and under your ears from swollen glands […] irregular or stopped periods. Treatment for bulimia takes time, but you can recover. Depending on how long you’ve had bulimia and how severe it is, treatment can last several months or years. Bulimia can eventually lead to physical problems associated with not getting the right nutrients, making yourself sick a lot, or overusing laxative medicines. Sometimes, without the right support, bulimia can be life-threatening. Possible complications include: problems with your teeth stomach acid can damage tooth enamel if you’re being sick a lot […] damage to the lining of your throat also caused by stomach acid […] irregular or absent periods […] seizures (fits) […] heart or kidney problems […] bowel problems, including constipation […] bone problems you may be more likely to develop weakened bones (osteopenia).

• #173 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  The warning signs of bulimia nervosa can be physical, psychological, and behavioural. It is possible for a person with bulimia nervosa to display a combination of these symptoms, or no obvious symptoms. […] Some of the medical impacts and complications associated with bulimia nervosa include: Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from frequent vomiting; Stomach and intestinal ulcers; Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxatives; Heart problems including slow heart rate, irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure; Electrolyte disturbance, including potassium and sodium; Osteoporosis or osteopenia: a reduction in bone density caused by a specific nutritional deficiency; Fatigue and lethargy; Loss of or disturbance to menstruation; Increased risk of infertility; Death.

• #174 Bulimia nervosa

  https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Most girls and women do get better with treatment and are able to eat and exercise in healthy ways again. […] Bulimia can cause problems getting pregnant and during pregnancy. […] Repeated purging and binging can make your menstrual cycle irregular (your period comes some months but not others) or your period may stop for several months. […] Bulimia raises your risk for: Miscarriage (pregnancy loss), Premature birth (also called preterm birth), or childbirth before 37 weeks of pregnancy, Delivery by cesarean section (C-section), Having a low birth weight baby (less than five pounds, eight ounces at birth), Having a baby with a birth defect, Depression after the baby is born (postpartum depression).

• #175 Bulimia: Physical Risks, What Happens, Exams and Tests

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa/bulimia-effects-body

  Hormonal problems. Reproductive issues, including irregular periods, missed periods, and fertility problems are common side effects when you have bulimia. […] Bulimia raises your risk for having a miscarriage or a C-section. It also makes it more likely that your baby will be born prematurely, be small, or have a birth defect. And it increases the odds that you’ll have depression after the baby is born.

• #176 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms & Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/bulimia-nervosa

  Substance abuse, impulsivity and self-harm are also common in people with bulimia. […] Proper treatment for bulimia requires professional help from a multidisciplinary team of specialists. […] Recovery from an eating disorder takes time and full support from loved ones. […] Potential health complications of bulimia include: […] Many of the complications of bulimia can become life-threatening if left untreated. […] Bulimia is easier to treat before it causes severe health problems. […] If you find signs of binging and purging coupled with other signs and symptoms of bulimia, make an appointment with your family doctor or pediatrician to discuss your concerns.

• #177 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  The warning signs of bulimia nervosa can be physical, psychological, and behavioural. It is possible for a person with bulimia nervosa to display a combination of these symptoms, or no obvious symptoms. […] Some of the medical impacts and complications associated with bulimia nervosa include: Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from frequent vomiting; Stomach and intestinal ulcers; Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxatives; Heart problems including slow heart rate, irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure; Electrolyte disturbance, including potassium and sodium; Osteoporosis or osteopenia: a reduction in bone density caused by a specific nutritional deficiency; Fatigue and lethargy; Loss of or disturbance to menstruation; Increased risk of infertility; Death.

• #178 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms & Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/bulimia-nervosa

  Substance abuse, impulsivity and self-harm are also common in people with bulimia. […] Proper treatment for bulimia requires professional help from a multidisciplinary team of specialists. […] Recovery from an eating disorder takes time and full support from loved ones. […] Potential health complications of bulimia include: […] Many of the complications of bulimia can become life-threatening if left untreated. […] Bulimia is easier to treat before it causes severe health problems. […] If you find signs of binging and purging coupled with other signs and symptoms of bulimia, make an appointment with your family doctor or pediatrician to discuss your concerns.

• #179 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia can be life threatening if its left untreated or if the treatment fails. Bulimia is both a physical and psychological condition, and it may be a lifelong challenge to manage it. […] However, there are several treatment options available that can help. Often, the earlier bulimia is detected, the more effective treatment may be.

• #180 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Physical problems that may be caused by ongoing bulimia nervosa can include gastrointestinal conditions associated with compensatory behaviours, heart-related issues, ongoing dental problems, weakened bones (osteoporosis), infertility in men and women, electrolyte imbalance from self-induced vomiting this can cause severe dehydration, and damage nerves, muscles and organs. […] Diagnosing bulimia nervosa can be difficult, because people with this condition may not display other noticeable physical indicators of illness and may actively try to conceal their behaviours. […] If you think you (or someone you know) might have bulimia nervosa, it is important that you see your doctor as soon as possible. […] Early treatment is the best way to help you on your journey of recovery.

• #181 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia can be life threatening if its left untreated or if the treatment fails. Bulimia is both a physical and psychological condition, and it may be a lifelong challenge to manage it. […] However, there are several treatment options available that can help. Often, the earlier bulimia is detected, the more effective treatment may be.

• #182 Bulimia nervosa

  https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Girls or women with bulimia may also have behavior changes such as: Often going to the bathroom right after eating (to throw up), Exercising a lot, even in bad weather or when hurt or tired, Acting moody or sad, hating the way she looks, or feeling hopeless, Having problems expressing anger, Not wanting to go out with friends or do activities she once enjoyed. […] People with bulimia often have other mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, or problems with substance abuse. […] Purging through vomiting or taking laxatives can prevent your body from getting the important nutrients it needs from food. […] Over time, bulimia can affect your body in the following ways: Stomach damage from overeating, Electrolyte imbalance (having levels of sodium, potassium, or other minerals that are too high or too low, which can lead to heart attack or heart failure), Ulcers and other damage to your throat from vomiting, Irregular periods or not having periods, which can cause problems getting pregnant, Tooth decay from vomiting, Dehydration, Problems having bowel movements or damage to the intestines from laxative abuse.

• #183 Bulimia Nervosa

  https://www.beateatingdisorders.org.uk/get-information-and-support/about-eating-disorders/types/bulimia/

  Symptoms of bulimia can dominate daily life and lead to difficulties in relationships and social situations. […] Bulimia can cause serious physical complications as well frequent vomiting can cause problems with the teeth, and people may go to lengths to make themselves sick that could cause them harm. […] People with bulimia may also experience symptoms such as tiredness, feeling bloated, constipation, abdominal pain, irregular periods, or swelling of the hands and feet. […] As with other eating disorders, people around a person with bulimia will probably notice changes to their mood and feelings before seeing any physical change. […] Low self-esteem, irritability and mood swings, and feelings of guilt, shame, and anxiety, especially after a binge, are also common. […] Bulimia can cause serious damage to the body. Long-term effects of bulimia include permanent damage to teeth, damage to the vocal chords and throat, damage to the intestines and stomach, increased risk of heart problems, and kidney damage. […] If left untreated, bulimia nervosa can cause long-term harm to the body and may even be fatal. However, many physical effects of bulimia are reversible or can be prevented from worsening with the right treatment, and eating disorders are treatable, with full recovery possible.

• #184 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Physical problems that may be caused by ongoing bulimia nervosa can include gastrointestinal conditions associated with compensatory behaviours, heart-related issues, ongoing dental problems, weakened bones (osteoporosis), infertility in men and women, electrolyte imbalance from self-induced vomiting this can cause severe dehydration, and damage nerves, muscles and organs. […] Diagnosing bulimia nervosa can be difficult, because people with this condition may not display other noticeable physical indicators of illness and may actively try to conceal their behaviours. […] If you think you (or someone you know) might have bulimia nervosa, it is important that you see your doctor as soon as possible. […] Early treatment is the best way to help you on your journey of recovery.

• #185 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Physical problems that may be caused by ongoing bulimia nervosa can include gastrointestinal conditions associated with compensatory behaviours, heart-related issues, ongoing dental problems, weakened bones (osteoporosis), infertility in men and women, electrolyte imbalance from self-induced vomiting this can cause severe dehydration, and damage nerves, muscles and organs. […] Diagnosing bulimia nervosa can be difficult, because people with this condition may not display other noticeable physical indicators of illness and may actively try to conceal their behaviours. […] If you think you (or someone you know) might have bulimia nervosa, it is important that you see your doctor as soon as possible. […] Early treatment is the best way to help you on your journey of recovery.

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