Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Amenorrhea (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568773/

  Amenorrhea is abnormal uterine bleeding characterized by the absence of menstruation in a female of reproductive age, 12 to 52 years on average. […] Patients meeting the criteria for either primary or secondary amenorrhea warrant an evaluation. […] Treatment depends on the underlying etiology and may include lifestyle interventions, hormone therapy or other medications, surgery, and mental health services. […] Nursing Management includes providing support, encouraging increased nutritional intake if the patient has a low body weight, and educating patients on the causes of amenorrhea. […] Amenorrhea is a common problem at some point in the life of most females. […] Patient education is vital, and the patient should be encouraged to pay attention to factors that affect bone density.

• #2 Amenorrhea: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3924-amenorrhea

  Amenorrhea is missing one or more periods. Talk to your healthcare provider if youre older than 15 and havent gotten your first period (primary amenorrhea) or youve missed a period for three or more months (secondary amenorrhea). Amenorrhea is often a sign of a treatable condition. With treatment, your regular menstrual cycle will usually resume. […] If your period stopped because of menopause, lactation or pregnancy, your provider wont need to treat it. […] In other cases, your treatment will depend on the cause and may include: Following a diet and exercise plan that help you maintain a weight thats healthy for you. Stress management techniques. Changing exercise levels. Hormonal treatment (medication), as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Surgery (in rare cases). […] Most cases of amenorrhea are treatable. With treatment, your periods should start to happen regularly. It can take a few months for your periods to come back, but in most cases, they will. Talk to your healthcare provider about what you can expect with treatment.

• #3 Amenorrhea: A Systematic Approach to Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0701/p39.html

  Patient information: See related handout on amenorrhea. […] Primary amenorrhea, defined as the lifelong absence of menses, requires evaluation if menarche has not occurred by 15 years of age or three years post-thelarche. […] Secondary amenorrhea is characterized by cessation of previously regular menses for three months or previously irregular menses for six months and warrants evaluation. […] All patients should be offered a pregnancy test and assessment of serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. […] Patients with primary ovarian insufficiency can maintain unpredictable ovary function and may require hormone replacement therapy, contraception, or infertility services. […] Treatment should address the underlying cause.

• #4 Amenorrhea | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17439

  Amenorrhea is a menstrual symptom characterized by the absence of menstruation in a female of reproductive age. It can be classified as either primary or secondary amenorrhea. Primary amenorrhea is defined as having no history of menstruation by the age of 15 years or 3 years after thelarche; secondary amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menses for 3 months in a woman with previously regular menstrual cycles or 6 months in any woman with at least one previous spontaneous menstruation. Patients meeting the criteria for either primary or secondary amenorrhea warrant an evaluation. However, an evaluation for delayed puberty is indicated in adolescents aged 13 years with primary amenorrhea and no breast development. […] Treatment depends on the underlying etiology and may include lifestyle interventions, hormone therapy or other medications, surgery, and mental health services.

• #5 Amenorrhea | Causes, Risks, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/a/amenorrhea

  Amenorrhea is the term used for the absence of menses (periods). It is either primary or secondary. […] Primary amenorrhea is classified as not starting menses by age 16. […] Secondary amenorrhea is absence of menstruation for three cycles after having had a menstrual period for longer than two years. […] The most common cause of amenorrhea is pregnancy. It is important to determine if you are pregnant in order to get early care. […] Other causes may be related to hormones. The hormones in our bodies control the menstrual cycle. If there is an abnormality with the release of the hormones or the body’s ability to correctly use or make those hormones, a problem with the menstrual cycle results. […] Sometimes, the absence of reproductive organs (uterus, cervix or vagina) may be the cause of amenorrhea.

• #6 Amenorrhea | Causes, Risks, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/a/amenorrhea

  In some cases, increased activity, medications, weight changes or stress may alter the body’s ability to release appropriate hormones to have menses. It is something that can be determined by your healthcare provider. […] The cause of amenorrhea will determine the risks. The most concerning risk is that of infertility (problems with getting pregnant). There may be other concerns related to incorrect release of hormones. This is important because hormones control more than the menstrual cycle, such as growth and puberty. There may be something blocking hormone release, such as a tumor, that should be removed in order to minimize risks of other problems. […] Your child’s healthcare provider will do a complete exam to determine the cause of the absent menstrual cycle; this includes questions related to your medical history. The physical exam will include checking private areas for determination of normal pubertal development.

• #7 Absent periods – amenorrhoea | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/menstruation-amenorrhoea

  Amenorrhoea is the absence of menstrual periods. […] When you don’t get your period at all it’s called 'amenorrhoea’. This can be short-term or long-term. If your period is late or stops, it’s important to check if you’re pregnant. […] Primary amenorrhoea is when menstrual periods haven’t started by the age of 16 but you have other signs of puberty such as pubic hair and breasts. […] Secondary amenorrhoea is when periods stop for 3 months or more in a row after you’ve previously had regular periods. […] Hormonal imbalance is the most common cause of absent periods. This can be caused by: polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), pituitary or thyroid disease, excessive exercise, low body weight and poor nutrition (i.e. eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa), weight gain, severe anxiety and stress, travel, menopause, Asherman’s syndrome (a rare genetic condition where scar tissue forms inside the uterus).

• #8 Amenorrhea: An Approach to Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/0601/p781.html

  Although amenorrhea may result from a number of different conditions, a systematic evaluation including a detailed history, physical examination, and laboratory assessment of selected serum hormone levels can usually identify the underlying cause. […] Most cases of secondary amenorrhea can be attributed to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, or primary ovarian insufficiency. […] Patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea should be evaluated for eating disorders and are at risk for decreased bone density. […] Treatment goals for patients with amenorrhea may vary considerably, and depend on the patient and the specific diagnosis. […] In patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (especially with the female athlete triad), the primary treatment is weight restoration through nutritional rehabilitation and decreased exercise.

• #9 Amenorrhea | Causes, Risks, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/a/amenorrhea

  In some cases, increased activity, medications, weight changes or stress may alter the body’s ability to release appropriate hormones to have menses. It is something that can be determined by your healthcare provider. […] The cause of amenorrhea will determine the risks. The most concerning risk is that of infertility (problems with getting pregnant). There may be other concerns related to incorrect release of hormones. This is important because hormones control more than the menstrual cycle, such as growth and puberty. There may be something blocking hormone release, such as a tumor, that should be removed in order to minimize risks of other problems. […] Your child’s healthcare provider will do a complete exam to determine the cause of the absent menstrual cycle; this includes questions related to your medical history. The physical exam will include checking private areas for determination of normal pubertal development.

• #10 Amenorrhea Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Common Causes, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/252928-treatment

  Patients and clinicians need to view the ovary as an important endocrine organ that helps to maintain healthy bones. Excessive delay in the evaluation and treatment of disordered menses can contribute to osteoporosis. […] The family is an emotional unit and a family systems approach to deal with health issues is most appropriate. […] The objective is to help the adolescent girl formulate positive self-esteem and body image, despite impaired fertility. […] Women with findings suggestive of an eating disorder should be evaluated by a multidisciplinary team with special expertise in these disorders. Nutritional counseling alone is inadequate therapy for these women. […] In some cases, nutritional deficiencies induced by dieting and exercise can cause amenorrhea even in the absence of a psychiatric disorder.

• #11 Missed your period but not pregnant? 7 possible causes | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/missed-your-period-not-pregnant-7-possible-causes-2

  If you’re not pregnant but haven’t gotten your period, you may have something called amenorrhea the medical term for lack of a menstrual cycle. Amenorrhea is not a disease, but it is typically a symptom of another condition. […] If you are stressed all the time (chronic stress), your period may stop altogether. A stressed body makes more cortisol hormone, which can affect the part of your brain that regulates menstruation (hypothalamus). When periods stop because the hypothalamus isn’t functioning properly, it’s called hypothalamic amenorrhea. […] Weighing too much or too little can impact monthly cycles. A low body weight or an eating disorder can pause ovulation or make periods irregular. If you aren’t getting the proper nutrients or your body can’t absorb them you can’t produce hormones to regulate periods. If you lose weight too quickly, menstruation can completely stop.

• #12 AMENORRHOEA – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/amenorrhoea/

  Amenorrhoea refers to absence of menstruation which occurs in females during their reproductive age. […] Nursing Management: […] Assessment: Conducting a comprehensive evaluation of the woman’s medical and menstrual history, as well as performing a physical examination to identify the underlying cause of amenorrhea. […] Emotional Support: Offering empathetic and non-judgmental support to address any emotional distress associated with the condition. […] Education: Providing information on menstrual health, reproductive anatomy and physiology, and the potential causes and treatment options for amenorrhea. […] Lifestyle Modifications: Encouraging women to adopt a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, balanced nutrition, stress reduction, and sufficient sleep, as these factors can contribute to hormonal balance regulation.

• #13 Nursing Care Plan for Amenorrhea – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-amenorrhea/

  Amenorrhea, the absence of menstrual periods in women of reproductive age, can have various underlying causes, including hormonal imbalances, stress, weight changes, or underlying medical conditions. As a nurse, your role is essential in providing support, identifying the cause of amenorrhea, and assisting individuals in managing the condition. This nursing care plan aims to outline evidence-based interventions to assess, manage, and promote the well-being of individuals with amenorrhea. […] Patients may report the absence of menstrual periods for a period of three or more months. […] Patients may express concerns about potential causes of amenorrhea and desire for pregnancy. […] Lack of menstrual bleeding for an extended period. […] Physical examination revealed no signs of secondary sexual characteristics.

• #14 Nursing Care Plan for Amenorrhea – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-amenorrhea/

  Amenorrhea, the absence of menstrual periods in women of reproductive age, can have various underlying causes, including hormonal imbalances, stress, weight changes, or underlying medical conditions. As a nurse, your role is essential in providing support, identifying the cause of amenorrhea, and assisting individuals in managing the condition. This nursing care plan aims to outline evidence-based interventions to assess, manage, and promote the well-being of individuals with amenorrhea. […] Patients may report the absence of menstrual periods for a period of three or more months. […] Patients may express concerns about potential causes of amenorrhea and desire for pregnancy. […] Lack of menstrual bleeding for an extended period. […] Physical examination revealed no signs of secondary sexual characteristics.

• #15 Amenorrhea – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amenorrhea/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369304

  During your appointment, your doctor will perform a pelvic exam to check for any problems with your reproductive organs. […] Amenorrhea can be a sign of a complex set of hormonal problems. Finding the underlying cause can take time and may require more than one kind of testing. […] Treatment depends on the underlying cause of your amenorrhea. In some cases, birth control pills or other hormone therapies can restart your menstrual cycles. Amenorrhea caused by thyroid or pituitary disorders may be treated with medications. If a tumor or structural blockage is causing the problem, surgery may be necessary. […] Some lifestyle factors such as too much exercise or too little food can cause amenorrhea, so strive for balance in work, recreation and rest. Assess areas of stress and conflict in your life. If you can’t decrease stress on your own, ask for help from family, friends or your doctor. […] Be aware of changes in your menstrual cycle and check with your doctor if you have concerns. Keep a record of when your periods occur. Note the date your period starts, how long it lasts and any troublesome symptoms you experience.

• #16 Amenorrhea: A Systematic Approach to Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0701/p39.html

  Patient information: See related handout on amenorrhea. […] Primary amenorrhea, defined as the lifelong absence of menses, requires evaluation if menarche has not occurred by 15 years of age or three years post-thelarche. […] Secondary amenorrhea is characterized by cessation of previously regular menses for three months or previously irregular menses for six months and warrants evaluation. […] All patients should be offered a pregnancy test and assessment of serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. […] Patients with primary ovarian insufficiency can maintain unpredictable ovary function and may require hormone replacement therapy, contraception, or infertility services. […] Treatment should address the underlying cause.

• #17 Patient education: Absent or irregular periods (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/absent-or-irregular-periods-beyond-the-basics

  The causes, evaluation, and treatment of amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea are similar and will be discussed together. […] The evaluation of amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea includes a complete medical history and physical examination. […] The goal of treatment is to correct the underlying condition. For a female who is trying to become pregnant, restoring fertility may be another goal. […] Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic condition that causes infrequent periods and an excess of androgens (male hormones). Most health care providers recommend treating PCOS to re-establish normal menstrual cycles and prevent long-term complications. […] Females with hypothalamic amenorrhea are sometimes able to resume normal menstrual periods after making certain lifestyle changes, such as eating a higher-calorie diet, gaining weight, reducing the intensity or frequency of exercise, and reducing emotional stress.

• #18 Amenorrhea (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK568773/

  Amenorrhea is abnormal uterine bleeding characterized by the absence of menstruation in a female of reproductive age, 12 to 52 years on average. […] Patients meeting the criteria for either primary or secondary amenorrhea warrant an evaluation. […] Treatment depends on the underlying etiology and may include lifestyle interventions, hormone therapy or other medications, surgery, and mental health services. […] Nursing Management includes providing support, encouraging increased nutritional intake if the patient has a low body weight, and educating patients on the causes of amenorrhea. […] Consultation with the appropriate specialized clinician should be sought for any of the following: Menarche has not occurred by age 15, Menarche has not occurred within 3 years of initial breast development, No signs of puberty by age 13, No menstrual for 3 cycle lengths if previous cycles were regular or if no cycle in over 6 months if previous cycles were previously irregular. […] The outcomes in women with amenorrhea depend on the cause. Some women with PCOS need lifelong treatment as they are at high risk for adverse cardiac events and metabolic syndrome.

• #19 Amenorrhea (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568773/

  Amenorrhea is abnormal uterine bleeding characterized by the absence of menstruation in a female of reproductive age, 12 to 52 years on average. […] Patients meeting the criteria for either primary or secondary amenorrhea warrant an evaluation. […] Treatment depends on the underlying etiology and may include lifestyle interventions, hormone therapy or other medications, surgery, and mental health services. […] Nursing Management includes providing support, encouraging increased nutritional intake if the patient has a low body weight, and educating patients on the causes of amenorrhea. […] Amenorrhea is a common problem at some point in the life of most females. […] Patient education is vital, and the patient should be encouraged to pay attention to factors that affect bone density.

• #20 Nursing Care Plan for Amenorrhea – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-amenorrhea/

  Deficient Knowledge related to lack of understanding about the causes and management of amenorrhea as evidenced by the patients request for information. […] Provide a supportive environment for the patient to express concerns and emotions related to changes in menstrual patterns. […] Encourage open communication about body image issues, fertility concerns, and societal pressures associated with menstruation. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to provide counseling or referral to support groups that focus on body image and reproductive health. […] Educate the patient about alternative methods of assessing fertility and available options for future family planning. […] Assess the patients dietary habits, including caloric intake, macronutrient balance, and potential nutrient deficiencies.

• #21 Nursing Care Plan for Amenorrhea – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-amenorrhea/

  Negative pregnancy test. […] Hormonal imbalances, such as elevated prolactin levels or decreased estrogen levels. […] Risk for Disturbed Body Image related to changes in menstrual patterns and concerns about fertility. […] Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements related to underlying medical conditions or restrictive eating behaviors. […] Deficient Knowledge regarding amenorrhea causes, management, and potential complications. […] Risk for Psychological Distress related to emotional impact, societal pressures, or self-esteem issues. […] Disturbed Body Image related to changes in secondary sexual characteristics and absence of menstrual periods as evidenced by patients verbalization of concern and dissatisfaction with appearance. […] Anxiety related to uncertainty about the underlying cause of amenorrhea and its potential impact on fertility and overall health.

• #22 Nursing Care Plan for Amenorrhea – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-amenorrhea/

  Deficient Knowledge related to lack of understanding about the causes and management of amenorrhea as evidenced by the patients request for information. […] Provide a supportive environment for the patient to express concerns and emotions related to changes in menstrual patterns. […] Encourage open communication about body image issues, fertility concerns, and societal pressures associated with menstruation. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to provide counseling or referral to support groups that focus on body image and reproductive health. […] Educate the patient about alternative methods of assessing fertility and available options for future family planning. […] Assess the patients dietary habits, including caloric intake, macronutrient balance, and potential nutrient deficiencies.

• #23 Nursing Care Plan for Amenorrhea – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-amenorrhea/

  Collaborate with a registered dietitian to develop an individualized nutrition plan based on the patients specific needs and underlying causes of amenorrhea. […] Provide education on healthy eating habits, balanced nutrition, and the importance of maintaining a healthy weight for hormonal balance. […] Monitor the patients weight and nutritional status regularly to ensure adequate intake and address any imbalances. […] Assess the patients understanding of amenorrhea and its potential causes. […] Provide education about common causes of amenorrhea, including hormonal imbalances, stress, weight changes, and underlying medical conditions. […] Explain diagnostic tests and procedures that may be necessary to identify the underlying cause of amenorrhea. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to provide educational materials, resources, or referrals to reproductive health specialists or endocrinologists for further evaluation and management.

• #24 Nursing Care Plan for Amenorrhea – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-amenorrhea/

  Assess the patients emotional well-being and the impact of amenorrhea on their self-esteem, relationships, and overall quality of life. […] Offer empathetic listening and create a safe space for the patient to express their emotions and concerns. […] Collaborate with psychologists or counselors to provide psychological support and coping strategies to manage stress, anxiety, or depression related to amenorrhea. […] Encourage the patient to engage in stress reduction techniques, such as relaxation exercises, mindfulness, or physical activity. […] Improved body image and self-acceptance related to changes in menstrual patterns. […] Attainment and maintenance of balanced nutrition for optimal hormonal balance. […] Enhanced knowledge and understanding of amenorrhea causes, management, and potential complications.

• #25 Nursing Care Plan for Amenorrhea – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-amenorrhea/

  Assess the patients emotional well-being and the impact of amenorrhea on their self-esteem, relationships, and overall quality of life. […] Offer empathetic listening and create a safe space for the patient to express their emotions and concerns. […] Collaborate with psychologists or counselors to provide psychological support and coping strategies to manage stress, anxiety, or depression related to amenorrhea. […] Encourage the patient to engage in stress reduction techniques, such as relaxation exercises, mindfulness, or physical activity. […] Improved body image and self-acceptance related to changes in menstrual patterns. […] Attainment and maintenance of balanced nutrition for optimal hormonal balance. […] Enhanced knowledge and understanding of amenorrhea causes, management, and potential complications.

• #26 Amenorrhea: A Systematic Approach to Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0701/p39.html

  Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome should undergo screening and intervention to attenuate metabolic disease and endometrial cancer risk. […] Amenorrhea can be associated with clinically challenging pathology and may require lifelong treatment. […] Clinicians should offer a safe and welcoming environment where patients feel comfortable discussing reproductive health concerns by establishing confidentiality, building rapport, and allotting the requisite time needed to talk about possible long-term treatments and sequelae of chronic medical conditions. […] Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may reduce associated vasomotor symptoms, bone mineral density loss, and cardiovascular risk and should be continued until the age of natural menopause (50 to 51 years). […] Approximately 10% of females diagnosed with primary ovarian insufficiency retain fertility. […] Clinicians should offer ample time, sensitivity, and emotional support to the patient.

• #27 Amenorrhea (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568773/

  Amenorrhea is abnormal uterine bleeding characterized by the absence of menstruation in a female of reproductive age, 12 to 52 years on average. […] Patients meeting the criteria for either primary or secondary amenorrhea warrant an evaluation. […] Treatment depends on the underlying etiology and may include lifestyle interventions, hormone therapy or other medications, surgery, and mental health services. […] Nursing Management includes providing support, encouraging increased nutritional intake if the patient has a low body weight, and educating patients on the causes of amenorrhea. […] Amenorrhea is a common problem at some point in the life of most females. […] Patient education is vital, and the patient should be encouraged to pay attention to factors that affect bone density.

• #28 Nursing Care Plan for Amenorrhea – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-amenorrhea/

  Collaborate with a registered dietitian to develop an individualized nutrition plan based on the patients specific needs and underlying causes of amenorrhea. […] Provide education on healthy eating habits, balanced nutrition, and the importance of maintaining a healthy weight for hormonal balance. […] Monitor the patients weight and nutritional status regularly to ensure adequate intake and address any imbalances. […] Assess the patients understanding of amenorrhea and its potential causes. […] Provide education about common causes of amenorrhea, including hormonal imbalances, stress, weight changes, and underlying medical conditions. […] Explain diagnostic tests and procedures that may be necessary to identify the underlying cause of amenorrhea. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to provide educational materials, resources, or referrals to reproductive health specialists or endocrinologists for further evaluation and management.

• #29 Nursing Care Plan for Amenorrhea – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-amenorrhea/

  Improved psychological well-being with reduced psychological distress and enhanced coping strategies. […] Provide emotional support and encourage open communication about body image issues. […] Educate the patient about the potential causes of amenorrhea and reassure them that it is a treatable condition. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to address any underlying hormonal imbalances or conditions contributing to amenorrhea. […] Assess the patients level of anxiety and any related symptoms, such as restlessness or sleep disturbances. […] Implement relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing exercises or guided imagery, to help the patient manage anxiety. […] Provide information and education about the potential causes of amenorrhea and available treatment options. […] Encourage the patient to express their concerns and fears, and provide emotional support and reassurance.

• #30 Nursing Care Plan for Amenorrhea – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-amenorrhea/

  Collaborate with mental health professionals if necessary to provide additional support and counseling. […] Assess the patients knowledge and understanding of amenorrhea. […] Provide education about the various causes of amenorrhea, including hormonal imbalances, stress, excessive exercise, and certain medical conditions. […] Discuss the importance of a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition and exercise, in maintaining regular menstrual cycles. […] Educate the patient about available treatment options for amenorrhea, such as hormonal therapy or lifestyle modifications. […] Provide written materials or reliable online resources for the patient to further educate themselves about amenorrhea. […] The patient demonstrates improved body image and increased acceptance of changes in secondary sexual characteristics.

• #31 Amenorrhea – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amenorrhea/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369304

  During your appointment, your doctor will perform a pelvic exam to check for any problems with your reproductive organs. […] Amenorrhea can be a sign of a complex set of hormonal problems. Finding the underlying cause can take time and may require more than one kind of testing. […] Treatment depends on the underlying cause of your amenorrhea. In some cases, birth control pills or other hormone therapies can restart your menstrual cycles. Amenorrhea caused by thyroid or pituitary disorders may be treated with medications. If a tumor or structural blockage is causing the problem, surgery may be necessary. […] Some lifestyle factors such as too much exercise or too little food can cause amenorrhea, so strive for balance in work, recreation and rest. Assess areas of stress and conflict in your life. If you can’t decrease stress on your own, ask for help from family, friends or your doctor. […] Be aware of changes in your menstrual cycle and check with your doctor if you have concerns. Keep a record of when your periods occur. Note the date your period starts, how long it lasts and any troublesome symptoms you experience.

• #32 Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24431-hypothalamic-amenorrhea

  Hypothalamic amenorrhea is when your hypothalamus causes your period to stop. Common causes include excessive exercise, stress and undereating. […] Your hormones become unbalanced when your hypothalamus stops producing GnRH. This leads to irregular or absent periods. […] The main treatment healthcare providers use for hypothalamic amenorrhea is lifestyle changes. Lifestyle changes may include limiting vigorous exercise, gaining weight or finding ways to reduce stress levels. […] In some cases, your provider may recommend hormone treatment, birth control pills or fertility medication to induce menstruation. […] You can prevent hypothalamic amenorrhea by avoiding the common causes of the condition. This includes: Eating enough food for your activity level. Not restricting your caloric intake. Finding ways to reduce and manage your stress levels. Limiting extremely vigorous exercise.

• #33 Nursing Care Plan for Amenorrhea – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-amenorrhea/

  Collaborate with mental health professionals if necessary to provide additional support and counseling. […] Assess the patients knowledge and understanding of amenorrhea. […] Provide education about the various causes of amenorrhea, including hormonal imbalances, stress, excessive exercise, and certain medical conditions. […] Discuss the importance of a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition and exercise, in maintaining regular menstrual cycles. […] Educate the patient about available treatment options for amenorrhea, such as hormonal therapy or lifestyle modifications. […] Provide written materials or reliable online resources for the patient to further educate themselves about amenorrhea. […] The patient demonstrates improved body image and increased acceptance of changes in secondary sexual characteristics.

• #34 Nursing Care Plan for Amenorrhea – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-amenorrhea/

  The patients anxiety levels are reduced, and they express a greater understanding of the causes and management of amenorrhea. […] The patient actively engages in discussions about their condition and treatment options. […] The patient expresses satisfaction with the information and support provided.

• #35

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw12290

  Do light exercise, unless your doctor told you not to exercise. […] Use birth control if you do not want to get pregnant. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have severe vaginal bleeding. You have new or worse belly or pelvic pain. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You do not get better as expected. You have unusual vaginal bleeding. You think you might be pregnant.

• #36 Secondary Amenorrhea: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.secondary-amenorrhea-care-instructions.tw12290

  Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have severe vaginal bleeding. You have new or worse belly or pelvic pain. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You have unusual vaginal bleeding. You think you might be pregnant. You do not get better as expected.

• #37 Amenorrhea (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568773/

  Amenorrhea is abnormal uterine bleeding characterized by the absence of menstruation in a female of reproductive age, 12 to 52 years on average. […] Patients meeting the criteria for either primary or secondary amenorrhea warrant an evaluation. […] Treatment depends on the underlying etiology and may include lifestyle interventions, hormone therapy or other medications, surgery, and mental health services. […] Nursing Management includes providing support, encouraging increased nutritional intake if the patient has a low body weight, and educating patients on the causes of amenorrhea. […] Amenorrhea is a common problem at some point in the life of most females. […] Patient education is vital, and the patient should be encouraged to pay attention to factors that affect bone density.

• #38 Amenorrhea | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17439

  The treatment for amenorrhea is based on correcting the underlying etiology and monitoring the patient for complications. […] Patients with some types of outflow obstructions (eg, imperforate hymen, cervical stenosis) can be treated with a surgical correction to relieve the obstruction. […] Patients of typical reproductive age who lack endogenous sex hormones (eg, POI, Kallman syndrome) require hormone therapy to protect their skeletal and cardiovascular health. […] The primary management of amenorrhea due to FHA is the reversal of the contributing factors, including weight gain, stress reduction, lifestyle changes, and dietary modification. […] The dopamine agonist cabergoline is considered first-line therapy in patients with a prolactin-secreting tumor. […] Multiple specialties often must be involved in treating patients with complex underlying etiologies of their amenorrhea.

• #39 Amenorrhea: An Approach to Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/0601/p781.html

  Although amenorrhea may result from a number of different conditions, a systematic evaluation including a detailed history, physical examination, and laboratory assessment of selected serum hormone levels can usually identify the underlying cause. […] Most cases of secondary amenorrhea can be attributed to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, or primary ovarian insufficiency. […] Patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea should be evaluated for eating disorders and are at risk for decreased bone density. […] Treatment goals for patients with amenorrhea may vary considerably, and depend on the patient and the specific diagnosis. […] In patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (especially with the female athlete triad), the primary treatment is weight restoration through nutritional rehabilitation and decreased exercise.

• #40 Amenorrhea: An Approach to Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/0601/p781.html

  Treatment of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea involves nutritional rehabilitation as well as reductions in stress and exercise levels. […] Menses typically return after correction of the underlying nutritional deficit. […] Bone loss is best treated by reversal of the underlying process, and the patient should undergo bone density evaluation and take calcium and vitamin D supplements. […] Combined OCs will restore menses, but will not correct bone density.

• #41 Amenorrhea: A Systematic Approach to Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0701/p39.html

  Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome should undergo screening and intervention to attenuate metabolic disease and endometrial cancer risk. […] Amenorrhea can be associated with clinically challenging pathology and may require lifelong treatment. […] Clinicians should offer a safe and welcoming environment where patients feel comfortable discussing reproductive health concerns by establishing confidentiality, building rapport, and allotting the requisite time needed to talk about possible long-term treatments and sequelae of chronic medical conditions. […] Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may reduce associated vasomotor symptoms, bone mineral density loss, and cardiovascular risk and should be continued until the age of natural menopause (50 to 51 years). […] Approximately 10% of females diagnosed with primary ovarian insufficiency retain fertility. […] Clinicians should offer ample time, sensitivity, and emotional support to the patient.

• #42 Patient education: Absent or irregular periods (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/absent-or-irregular-periods-beyond-the-basics

  Females with amenorrhea and hyperprolactinemia can usually have normal menstrual periods and become pregnant when treated with medications called dopamine agonists (cabergoline is an example). […] Some gynecologic procedures, such as a dilatation and curettage (D and C), can cause adhesions (a type of scar tissue), which damage the uterine lining. If adhesions are extensive, menstrual blood loss will be reduced or absent. A clinician may recommend surgery to remove the scarred tissue, followed by estrogen treatment to stimulate regrowth of the lining. […] Surgery is often an effective treatment if amenorrhea is caused by a blockage in the reproductive tract. […] Your health care provider is the best source of information for questions and concerns related to your medical problem.

• #43 Patient education: Absent or irregular periods (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/absent-or-irregular-periods-beyond-the-basics

  Females with amenorrhea and hyperprolactinemia can usually have normal menstrual periods and become pregnant when treated with medications called dopamine agonists (cabergoline is an example). […] Some gynecologic procedures, such as a dilatation and curettage (D and C), can cause adhesions (a type of scar tissue), which damage the uterine lining. If adhesions are extensive, menstrual blood loss will be reduced or absent. A clinician may recommend surgery to remove the scarred tissue, followed by estrogen treatment to stimulate regrowth of the lining. […] Surgery is often an effective treatment if amenorrhea is caused by a blockage in the reproductive tract. […] Your health care provider is the best source of information for questions and concerns related to your medical problem.

• #44 Amenorrhea – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amenorrhea/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369304

  During your appointment, your doctor will perform a pelvic exam to check for any problems with your reproductive organs. […] Amenorrhea can be a sign of a complex set of hormonal problems. Finding the underlying cause can take time and may require more than one kind of testing. […] Treatment depends on the underlying cause of your amenorrhea. In some cases, birth control pills or other hormone therapies can restart your menstrual cycles. Amenorrhea caused by thyroid or pituitary disorders may be treated with medications. If a tumor or structural blockage is causing the problem, surgery may be necessary. […] Some lifestyle factors such as too much exercise or too little food can cause amenorrhea, so strive for balance in work, recreation and rest. Assess areas of stress and conflict in your life. If you can’t decrease stress on your own, ask for help from family, friends or your doctor. […] Be aware of changes in your menstrual cycle and check with your doctor if you have concerns. Keep a record of when your periods occur. Note the date your period starts, how long it lasts and any troublesome symptoms you experience.

• #45 AMENORRHOEA – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/amenorrhoea/

  Contraception Counselling: Discussing contraceptive methods and family planning options to prevent unintended pregnancies. […] Medical Management: Medical management of amenorrhea encompasses treating the root cause identified through investigations done. Various medical management options include: […] Hormone Therapy: If hormonal imbalance, such as polycystic ovary syndrome or hypothalamic dysfunction, is determined as the cause of amenorrhea, hormone therapy may be prescribed to regulate hormone levels and restore menstruation. […] Medications: Certain medications like progestins or combined oral contraceptives may be prescribed to induce menstruation or regulate the menstrual cycle. […] Treatment of Underlying Conditions: If amenorrhea is a result of an underlying medical condition, such as a thyroid disorder or a pituitary tumour, appropriate medical treatment will be initiated to address the specific condition.

• #46 AMENORRHOEA – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/amenorrhoea/

  Psychological Management: Psychological management plays a crucial role in providing support for women with amenorrhea, as it significantly impacts their emotional well-being. […] Counselling: Offering psychological counselling or referring women to mental health professionals who can assist them in coping with the emotional distress associated with amenorrhea. […] Support Groups: Suggesting participation in support groups or facilitating connections with other women who have faced similar challenges to foster a sense of community and validation. […] Body Image and Self-esteem: Addressing concerns related to body image and promoting a positive self-image by emphasizing that amenorrhea does not define femininity or a woman’s worth.

• #47 Amenorrhea Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Common Causes, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/252928-treatment

  More than 8 hours of vigorous exercise a week may cause amenorrhea. […] The causes of menstrual cycle disturbance leading to the development of amenorrhea are so diverse that in some complex cases, the situation is best addressed by a multidisciplinary team. […] The need for ongoing care is defined by the mechanism disrupting the menstrual cycle and the patient’s desires. […] See patients with primary ovarian insufficiency annually to monitor their ovarian hormone replacement and to detect the development of associated conditions that may be related to the original pathogenic mechanism that led to the disruption of the menstrual cycle.

• #48 Amenorrhea | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17439

  The treatment for amenorrhea is based on correcting the underlying etiology and monitoring the patient for complications. […] Patients with some types of outflow obstructions (eg, imperforate hymen, cervical stenosis) can be treated with a surgical correction to relieve the obstruction. […] Patients of typical reproductive age who lack endogenous sex hormones (eg, POI, Kallman syndrome) require hormone therapy to protect their skeletal and cardiovascular health. […] The primary management of amenorrhea due to FHA is the reversal of the contributing factors, including weight gain, stress reduction, lifestyle changes, and dietary modification. […] The dopamine agonist cabergoline is considered first-line therapy in patients with a prolactin-secreting tumor. […] Multiple specialties often must be involved in treating patients with complex underlying etiologies of their amenorrhea.

• #49 Absence of Menstrual Periods – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/menstrual-disorders-and-abnormal-vaginal-bleeding/absence-of-menstrual-periods

  Having no menstrual periods is called amenorrhea. […] Amenorrhea may be accompanied by other symptoms, depending on the cause. For example, women may develop masculine characteristics (virilization), such as excess body hair (hirsutism), a deepened voice, and increased muscle size. […] In most women with amenorrhea, the ovaries do not release an egg. Such women cannot become pregnant. […] If amenorrhea lasts a long time, problems similar to those associated with menopause may develop. They include hot flashes, vaginal dryness, decreased bone density (osteoporosis), and an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disorders. Such problems occur because in women who have amenorrhea, the estrogen level is low. […] When amenorrhea results from a specific disorder, that disorder is treated if possible. With such treatment, menstrual periods sometimes resume.

• #50 Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24431-hypothalamic-amenorrhea

  Hypothalamic amenorrhea can lead to low estrogen levels. Estrogen is an important hormone in your body. One function of estrogen is to maintain healthy, strong bones. Without estrogen, females are at risk for osteoporosis and heart disease. Estrogen also helps with your mood. Lack of estrogen may lead to symptoms of depression and anxiety. […] Contact a healthcare provider if you dont have a period for three months. Even if you arent trying to conceive, not having a regular menstrual cycle could indicate other problems or lead to long-term complications. […] If you havent had your period in three months or longer, talk to a healthcare provider. They can order tests to determine why you arent having a regular period and get you the treatment you need to begin menstruating again.

• #51 Amenorrhea Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Common Causes, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/252928-treatment

  Women with evidence of hyperandrogenism and disordered menses have many other medical issues that must be addressed (eg, PCOS with associated diabetes and hypertension). […] Other than pregnancy, constitutional delay, anovulation, and chronic illness, most other disorders that cause amenorrhea may require referral to a subspecialist for treatment. Many of the treatment methods require surgery or specific therapies. For the adolescent with constitutional delay and anovulation, the goal should be the restoration of ovulatory cycles. If ovulatory cycles are not spontaneously restored, estrogen-progestin therapy is indicated. […] Evidence is mounting that loss of menstrual regularity, especially if related to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, is a risk factor for later development of osteoporosis and hip fractures.

• #52 Irregular Periods in Girls (Amenorrhea) – Conditions and Treatments | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/health-library/irregular-periods-in-girls-amenorrhea

  Treatment for amenorrhea may include: Hormone treatment with progesterone, Hormone treatment with birth control pills (oral contraceptives), Medicine to treat thyroid disorder, Surgery for birth defects or other physical problems, Changes in diet or exercise, Treatment of an eating disorder, Calcium supplements to reduce bone loss (osteoporosis). […] Possible complications include: Thinning bones. If amenorrhea is caused by low estrogen, this can also lead to thinning of bones (osteoporosis) over time. […] Loss of fertility. If amenorrhea is caused by lack of ovulation, this means pregnancy may be difficult or not possible in the future.

• #53 Amenorrhea: Absence of Periods | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/amenorrhea-absence-of-periods

  If primary amenorrhea is caused by the ovaries not producing enough estrogen, you can discuss using hormone therapy to start puberty and your periods. Hormone therapy also can help prevent osteoporosis. […] Treatment for secondary amenorrhea depends on the cause: Hormone therapy can replace estrogen and progesterone, which the ovaries are not able to produce. […] Most people with amenorrhea benefit from a healthy diet and exercise. Reducing stress also may help. And it is important to consume enough calcium and vitamin D to help prevent osteoporosis.

• #54 Amenorrhea: An Approach to Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/0601/p781.html

  In patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, combined oral contraceptives do not improve bone density and should not be used solely for this purpose. […] Patients with primary ovarian insufficiency should be counseled about possible fertility, because up to 10% of such patients may achieve temporary and unpredictable remission. […] Hormone therapy (e.g., 100 mcg of daily transdermal estradiol or 0.625 mg of daily conjugated equine estrogen [Premarin] on days 1 through 26 of the menstrual cycle, and 10 mg of cyclic medroxyprogesterone acetate for 12 days [e.g., days 14 through 26] of the menstrual cycle) until the average age of natural menopause is usually recommended to decrease the likelihood of osteoporosis, ischemic heart disease, and vasomotor symptoms. […] For optimal bone health, patients with primary ovarian insufficiency should be advised to perform weightbearing exercises and supplement calcium (e.g., 1,200 mg daily) and vitamin D3 (e.g., 800 IU daily) intake.

• #55 Absence of Menstrual Periods – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/menstrual-disorders-and-abnormal-vaginal-bleeding/absence-of-menstrual-periods

  If a girl’s periods never started and all test results are normal, she should see a health care practitioner every 3 to 6 months to check on the progression of puberty. She may be given a medication called progestin and sometimes estrogen to start her periods and to stimulate the development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts. […] Problems associated with amenorrhea may require treatment, such as difficulty getting pregnant (infertility): It may be necessary to take hormonal medications to trigger release of an egg (ovulation) if pregnancy is desired. […] Symptoms and long-term effects of estrogen deficiency, such as decreased bone density (osteoporosis), vaginal dryness, and an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disorders: Hormonal medications (called menopausal hormone therapy or hormone replacement therapy) may be considered. […] The effects of estrogen deficiency can be minimized by taking vitamin D, by consuming more calcium in the diet or in supplements, or by taking medications, including hormone therapy and medications that prevent bone loss.

• #56 Amenorrhea: Primary and Secondary | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/amenorrhea

  Amenorrhea is treated based on type (primary or secondary). Medical treatment typically involves hormone therapy and, less frequently, surgery. Lifestyle remedies include: Changes in diet to establish a healthy body weight […] Amenorrhea is a not life-threatening condition. Nevertheless, it should be properly diagnosed and treated, if for no other reason than it may be symptomatic of a more serious underlying medical issue. If handled in this manner, a womans menstrual cycle can often be restored. […] Problems with menstruation may not be preventable but a wellness lifestyle can limit potential causes of secondary amenorrhea: Adopt a healthy and nutritionally balanced diet […] Get regular gynecological checkups, including Pap smears and pelvic exams.

• #57 Amenorrhea Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Common Causes, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/252928-treatment

  More than 8 hours of vigorous exercise a week may cause amenorrhea. […] The causes of menstrual cycle disturbance leading to the development of amenorrhea are so diverse that in some complex cases, the situation is best addressed by a multidisciplinary team. […] The need for ongoing care is defined by the mechanism disrupting the menstrual cycle and the patient’s desires. […] See patients with primary ovarian insufficiency annually to monitor their ovarian hormone replacement and to detect the development of associated conditions that may be related to the original pathogenic mechanism that led to the disruption of the menstrual cycle.

• #58

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw12290

  Amenorrhea means you do not have menstrual periods. There are two types. Primary amenorrhea means you never start your periods. Secondary amenorrhea means you have had periods, and then they stop, especially for more than 3 months. […] Your doctor may order tests to find out why your periods have stopped. Treatment depends on the cause. Your doctor may prescribe hormone therapy to help regulate your cycle. This can also help protect against bone loss. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Eat a healthy, balanced diet. This includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, proteins, and low-fat dairy products.

• #59 Secondary Amenorrhea: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.secondary-amenorrhea-care-instructions.tw12290

  Amenorrhea means you do not have menstrual periods. There are two types. Primary amenorrhea means you never start your periods. Secondary amenorrhea means you have had periods, and then they stop, especially for more than 3 months. […] Your doctor may order tests to find out why your periods have stopped. Treatment depends on the cause. Your doctor may prescribe hormone therapy to help regulate your cycle. This can also help protect against bone loss. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Eat a healthy, balanced diet. This includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, proteins, and low-fat dairy products.

• #60

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=av2844

  Amenorrhea means you do not have menstrual periods. There are two types. Primary amenorrhea means you never start your periods. Secondary amenorrhea means you have had periods, and then they stop, especially for more than 3 months. […] Your doctor may order tests to find out why your periods have stopped. Treatment depends on the cause. Your doctor may prescribe hormone therapy to help regulate your cycle. This can also help protect against bone loss. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Tell your doctor about any changes in your menstrual periods. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have severe vaginal bleeding. You have new or worse belly or pelvic pain. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You do not get better as expected. You have unusual vaginal bleeding. You think you might be pregnant.

• #61 Amenorrhea // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/amenorrhea

  Treatment depends on the underlying cause of your amenorrhea. […] In some cases, birth control pills or other hormone therapies can restart your menstrual cycles. […] Amenorrhea caused by thyroid or pituitary disorders may be treated with medications. […] If a tumor or structural blockage is causing the problem, surgery may be necessary. […] Some lifestyle factors such as too much exercise or too little food can cause amenorrhea, so strive for balance in work, recreation and rest. […] Assess areas of stress and conflict in your life. […] If you can’t decrease stress on your own, ask for help from family, friends or your doctor. […] Be aware of changes in your menstrual cycle and check with your doctor if you have concerns. […] Keep a record of when your periods occur. […] Note the date your period starts, how long it lasts and any troublesome symptoms you experience.

• #62 Amenorrhea – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amenorrhea/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369304

  During your appointment, your doctor will perform a pelvic exam to check for any problems with your reproductive organs. […] Amenorrhea can be a sign of a complex set of hormonal problems. Finding the underlying cause can take time and may require more than one kind of testing. […] Treatment depends on the underlying cause of your amenorrhea. In some cases, birth control pills or other hormone therapies can restart your menstrual cycles. Amenorrhea caused by thyroid or pituitary disorders may be treated with medications. If a tumor or structural blockage is causing the problem, surgery may be necessary. […] Some lifestyle factors such as too much exercise or too little food can cause amenorrhea, so strive for balance in work, recreation and rest. Assess areas of stress and conflict in your life. If you can’t decrease stress on your own, ask for help from family, friends or your doctor. […] Be aware of changes in your menstrual cycle and check with your doctor if you have concerns. Keep a record of when your periods occur. Note the date your period starts, how long it lasts and any troublesome symptoms you experience.

• #63 Amenorrhea: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3924-amenorrhea

  Amenorrhea is missing one or more periods. Talk to your healthcare provider if youre older than 15 and havent gotten your first period (primary amenorrhea) or youve missed a period for three or more months (secondary amenorrhea). Amenorrhea is often a sign of a treatable condition. With treatment, your regular menstrual cycle will usually resume. […] If your period stopped because of menopause, lactation or pregnancy, your provider wont need to treat it. […] In other cases, your treatment will depend on the cause and may include: Following a diet and exercise plan that help you maintain a weight thats healthy for you. Stress management techniques. Changing exercise levels. Hormonal treatment (medication), as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Surgery (in rare cases). […] Most cases of amenorrhea are treatable. With treatment, your periods should start to happen regularly. It can take a few months for your periods to come back, but in most cases, they will. Talk to your healthcare provider about what you can expect with treatment.

• #64 Amenorrhea: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3924-amenorrhea

  Talk to your healthcare provider if youre older than 15 and havent gotten your period or youve had a normal menstrual cycle but now youre missing periods. Amenorrhea is usually the sign of a treatable condition. Once your provider figures out whats causing missed periods, you can get care to regulate your cycle. You may need lifestyle changes or hormonal treatment to help resume normal menstrual cycles.

• #65 AMENORRHOEA – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/amenorrhoea/

  Psychological Management: Psychological management plays a crucial role in providing support for women with amenorrhea, as it significantly impacts their emotional well-being. […] Counselling: Offering psychological counselling or referring women to mental health professionals who can assist them in coping with the emotional distress associated with amenorrhea. […] Support Groups: Suggesting participation in support groups or facilitating connections with other women who have faced similar challenges to foster a sense of community and validation. […] Body Image and Self-esteem: Addressing concerns related to body image and promoting a positive self-image by emphasizing that amenorrhea does not define femininity or a woman’s worth.

• #66 Amenorrhea: A Systematic Approach to Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0701/p39.html

  Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome should undergo screening and intervention to attenuate metabolic disease and endometrial cancer risk. […] Amenorrhea can be associated with clinically challenging pathology and may require lifelong treatment. […] Clinicians should offer a safe and welcoming environment where patients feel comfortable discussing reproductive health concerns by establishing confidentiality, building rapport, and allotting the requisite time needed to talk about possible long-term treatments and sequelae of chronic medical conditions. […] Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may reduce associated vasomotor symptoms, bone mineral density loss, and cardiovascular risk and should be continued until the age of natural menopause (50 to 51 years). […] Approximately 10% of females diagnosed with primary ovarian insufficiency retain fertility. […] Clinicians should offer ample time, sensitivity, and emotional support to the patient.

• #67 Amenorrhea Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Common Causes, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/252928-treatment

  Patients and clinicians need to view the ovary as an important endocrine organ that helps to maintain healthy bones. Excessive delay in the evaluation and treatment of disordered menses can contribute to osteoporosis. […] The family is an emotional unit and a family systems approach to deal with health issues is most appropriate. […] The objective is to help the adolescent girl formulate positive self-esteem and body image, despite impaired fertility. […] Women with findings suggestive of an eating disorder should be evaluated by a multidisciplinary team with special expertise in these disorders. Nutritional counseling alone is inadequate therapy for these women. […] In some cases, nutritional deficiencies induced by dieting and exercise can cause amenorrhea even in the absence of a psychiatric disorder.

• #68 Nursing Care Plan for Amenorrhea – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-amenorrhea/

  Assess the patients emotional well-being and the impact of amenorrhea on their self-esteem, relationships, and overall quality of life. […] Offer empathetic listening and create a safe space for the patient to express their emotions and concerns. […] Collaborate with psychologists or counselors to provide psychological support and coping strategies to manage stress, anxiety, or depression related to amenorrhea. […] Encourage the patient to engage in stress reduction techniques, such as relaxation exercises, mindfulness, or physical activity. […] Improved body image and self-acceptance related to changes in menstrual patterns. […] Attainment and maintenance of balanced nutrition for optimal hormonal balance. […] Enhanced knowledge and understanding of amenorrhea causes, management, and potential complications.

• #69 Nursing Care Plan for Amenorrhea – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-amenorrhea/

  Collaborate with mental health professionals if necessary to provide additional support and counseling. […] Assess the patients knowledge and understanding of amenorrhea. […] Provide education about the various causes of amenorrhea, including hormonal imbalances, stress, excessive exercise, and certain medical conditions. […] Discuss the importance of a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition and exercise, in maintaining regular menstrual cycles. […] Educate the patient about available treatment options for amenorrhea, such as hormonal therapy or lifestyle modifications. […] Provide written materials or reliable online resources for the patient to further educate themselves about amenorrhea. […] The patient demonstrates improved body image and increased acceptance of changes in secondary sexual characteristics.

• #70 Amenorrhea: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3924-amenorrhea

  Amenorrhea is missing one or more periods. Talk to your healthcare provider if youre older than 15 and havent gotten your first period (primary amenorrhea) or youve missed a period for three or more months (secondary amenorrhea). Amenorrhea is often a sign of a treatable condition. With treatment, your regular menstrual cycle will usually resume. […] If your period stopped because of menopause, lactation or pregnancy, your provider wont need to treat it. […] In other cases, your treatment will depend on the cause and may include: Following a diet and exercise plan that help you maintain a weight thats healthy for you. Stress management techniques. Changing exercise levels. Hormonal treatment (medication), as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Surgery (in rare cases). […] Most cases of amenorrhea are treatable. With treatment, your periods should start to happen regularly. It can take a few months for your periods to come back, but in most cases, they will. Talk to your healthcare provider about what you can expect with treatment.

• #71 Amenorrhea (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK568773/

  Amenorrhea is abnormal uterine bleeding characterized by the absence of menstruation in a female of reproductive age, 12 to 52 years on average. […] Patients meeting the criteria for either primary or secondary amenorrhea warrant an evaluation. […] Treatment depends on the underlying etiology and may include lifestyle interventions, hormone therapy or other medications, surgery, and mental health services. […] Nursing Management includes providing support, encouraging increased nutritional intake if the patient has a low body weight, and educating patients on the causes of amenorrhea. […] Consultation with the appropriate specialized clinician should be sought for any of the following: Menarche has not occurred by age 15, Menarche has not occurred within 3 years of initial breast development, No signs of puberty by age 13, No menstrual for 3 cycle lengths if previous cycles were regular or if no cycle in over 6 months if previous cycles were previously irregular. […] The outcomes in women with amenorrhea depend on the cause. Some women with PCOS need lifelong treatment as they are at high risk for adverse cardiac events and metabolic syndrome.

• #72 Amenorrhea (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568773/

  Amenorrhea is abnormal uterine bleeding characterized by the absence of menstruation in a female of reproductive age, 12 to 52 years on average. […] Patients meeting the criteria for either primary or secondary amenorrhea warrant an evaluation. […] Treatment depends on the underlying etiology and may include lifestyle interventions, hormone therapy or other medications, surgery, and mental health services. […] Nursing Management includes providing support, encouraging increased nutritional intake if the patient has a low body weight, and educating patients on the causes of amenorrhea. […] Amenorrhea is a common problem at some point in the life of most females. […] Patient education is vital, and the patient should be encouraged to pay attention to factors that affect bone density.

• #73 AMENORRHOEA – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/amenorrhoea/

  Amenorrhoea refers to absence of menstruation which occurs in females during their reproductive age. […] Nursing Management: […] Assessment: Conducting a comprehensive evaluation of the woman’s medical and menstrual history, as well as performing a physical examination to identify the underlying cause of amenorrhea. […] Emotional Support: Offering empathetic and non-judgmental support to address any emotional distress associated with the condition. […] Education: Providing information on menstrual health, reproductive anatomy and physiology, and the potential causes and treatment options for amenorrhea. […] Lifestyle Modifications: Encouraging women to adopt a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, balanced nutrition, stress reduction, and sufficient sleep, as these factors can contribute to hormonal balance regulation.

• #74 Amenorrhea (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568773/

  Amenorrhea is abnormal uterine bleeding characterized by the absence of menstruation in a female of reproductive age, 12 to 52 years on average. […] Patients meeting the criteria for either primary or secondary amenorrhea warrant an evaluation. […] Treatment depends on the underlying etiology and may include lifestyle interventions, hormone therapy or other medications, surgery, and mental health services. […] Nursing Management includes providing support, encouraging increased nutritional intake if the patient has a low body weight, and educating patients on the causes of amenorrhea. […] Amenorrhea is a common problem at some point in the life of most females. […] Patient education is vital, and the patient should be encouraged to pay attention to factors that affect bone density.

• #75 Amenorrhea (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568773/

  Amenorrhea is abnormal uterine bleeding characterized by the absence of menstruation in a female of reproductive age, 12 to 52 years on average. […] Patients meeting the criteria for either primary or secondary amenorrhea warrant an evaluation. […] Treatment depends on the underlying etiology and may include lifestyle interventions, hormone therapy or other medications, surgery, and mental health services. […] Nursing Management includes providing support, encouraging increased nutritional intake if the patient has a low body weight, and educating patients on the causes of amenorrhea. […] Amenorrhea is a common problem at some point in the life of most females. […] Patient education is vital, and the patient should be encouraged to pay attention to factors that affect bone density.

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