Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cough Headache: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21071-cough-headache

  Cough headaches cause head pain after activities like coughing, laughing or straining. A healthcare provider will diagnose and treat these headaches. […] Its important to see a healthcare provider to determine the cause of your headache. […] A healthcare provider will diagnose a cough headache after a physical exam and testing. […] Testing can help your healthcare provider determine if an underlying condition caused your headache (secondary cough headache) or rule out conditions with similar symptoms. […] Contact a healthcare provider if you develop a sudden headache when coughing. Your provider can diagnose the cause and help you find ways to manage pain and other symptoms.

• #2 Cough headaches – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-cough-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20371200

  Cough headaches are a type of head pain triggered by coughing and other types of straining. […] A primary cough headache is diagnosed only when a provider has ruled out possible causes other than coughing. […] Anyone who has a cough headache for the first time should see their health care provider. The provider can determine whether a cough or something else caused the pain. […] Consult your doctor or health care provider if you experience sudden headaches after coughing especially if the headaches are new, frequent or severe or you have any other troubling signs or symptoms, such as imbalance or blurred or double vision. […] Sometimes, what is first diagnosed as a cough headache may be caused by a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Coughing or straining may trigger the headache, but the underlying cause is the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. This is one of the reasons why it’s important to see your provider for a new cough headache. […] While these steps may help prevent a cough headache, any headache related to coughing or straining should always be checked by your provider.

• #3 4.1 Primary cough headache – ICHD-3

  https://ichd-3.org/other-primary-headache-disorders/4-1-primary-cough-headache/

  4.1 Primary cough headache […] Previously used terms: Benign cough headache; Valsalva-manœuvre headache. […] Description: Headache precipitated by coughing or other Valsalva (straining) manœuvre, but not by prolonged physical exercise, in the absence of any intracranial disorder. […] Diagnostic criteria: […] 1. At least two headache episodes fulfilling criteria B-D […] 2. Brought on by and occurring only in association with coughing, straining and/or other Valsalva manœuvre […] 3. Sudden onset […] 4. Lasting between 1 second and 2 hours […] 5. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis. […] Notes: […] 1. Headache arises moments after the cough or other stimulus […] 2. Headache reaches its peak almost immediately, and then subsides over several seconds to a few minutes (although some patients experience mild to moderate headache for two hours).

• #3 4.1 Primary cough headache – ICHD-3

  https://ichd-3.org/other-primary-headache-disorders/4-1-primary-cough-headache/

  3. The syndrome of cough headache is symptomatic in about 40% of cases, and the majority of patients in whom this is so have Arnold-Chiari malformation type I. Other reported causes include spontaneous intracranial hypotension, carotid or vertebrobasilar diseases, middle cranial fossa or posterior fossa tumours, midbrain cyst, basilar impression, platybasia, subdural haematoma, cerebral aneurysms and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Diagnostic neuroimaging plays an important role in the search for possible intracranial lesions or abnormalities. Since subtentorial tumours accounted for more than 50% of intracranial space-occupying lesions in children, cough headache in paediatric patients should be considered symptomatic until proved otherwise. […] Comments: 4.1 Primary cough headache is a rare condition, accounting for 1% or fewer of all headache patients consulting neurological clinics. However, one report found one fifth of patients with cough seen in a chest medicine clinic had cough headache. 4.1 Primary cough headache is usually bilateral and posterior, and predominantly affects patients older than 40 years of age. There is a significant correlation between the frequency of cough and the severity of the headache. Associated symptoms such as vertigo, nausea and sleep abnormality have been reported by up to two-thirds of patients with 4.1 Primary cough headache. While indomethacin (50-200 mg/day) is usually effective in treating 4.1 Primary cough headache, a few symptomatic cases have been reported to respond to this treatment.

• #4 Headache associated with cough: a review | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1129-2377-14-42

  Primary cough headache, previously also called benign cough headache or Valsalva-manoeuvre headache, is currently defined by the International Headache Society (IHS) as a headache, precipitated by coughing or straining in the absence of any intracranial disorder lasting up to 30 minutes. […] Diagnostic criteria for primary cough headache (group 4.2 – International classification of headache disorders, 2nd edition, 2004) include: A. Headache fulfilling criteria B and C; B. Sudden onset, lasting from one second to 30 minutes; C. Brought on by and occurring only in association with coughing, straining and/or Valsalva manoeuvre; D. Not attributed to another disorder. […] The pathophysiology of primary cough headache is not well understood, but various hypotheses have been formulated. It seems likely that it is associated with an increased intracranial pressure caused by coughing, this due to an increase in the intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal pressure subsequently leading to an increase in the central venous pressure.

• #5 Primary Cough Headache Associated with Jugular Insufficiency: Report of Two Cases

  https://ijms.info/IJMS/article/download/1619/2052?inline=1

  The diagnosis of this primary headache entity is established according to the criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition (ICHD-3), which are cited as follows: A – minimum of two headache episodes satisfying criteria B to D; B – caused by and taking place only in association with coughing, straining and/or other VM; C – sudden start; D – duration between one second and two hours; E – not better explained by another ICHD-3 diagnosis. […] According to some authors, the associated jugular venous insufficiency could be a factor related to the pathogenesis of PCH, although some also have suggested that this entity could be considered a secondary headache when venous insufficiency is demonstrated. […] Headache associated with the reflux of the internal jugular vein during diastole can be justified by increased intracranial pressure; cerebral edema; venous infarction, and stimulation of trigeminocervical nociceptors located on the surface of the venous system.

• #5 Primary Cough Headache Associated with Jugular Insufficiency: Report of Two Cases

  https://ijms.info/IJMS/article/download/1619/2052?inline=1

  The VM is a controlled method for a better understanding of how the cough acts in the human body, since both produce similar physiological effects in increasing the venous pressure within the chest and abdomen. […] Due to the physiology involved in VM and its compensatory responses and the consequences of a jugular insufficiency, the occurrence of headache in both reported cases shows a possible causal association between those factors. […] Two patients are described with symptoms consistent with PCH, who also had jugular venous insufficiencies verified in Doppler sonography, which may or may not favor the occurrence of this primary headache.

• #5 Primary Cough Headache Associated with Jugular Insufficiency: Report of Two Cases

  https://ijms.info/IJMS/article/download/1619/2052?inline=1

  Insufficiency of the internal jugular valve is a scarcely found etiology in the literature for the cough headache, which can be associated with other vascular disorders. […] The objective of this study is to report, through clinical and imaging findings, the rarely described association between cough headache and jugular insufficiency. […] The two case reports help to broaden the discussion on the possible association between primary cough headache and insufficiency of the internal jugular vein system, although the correlation between those two pathologies is still being debated. […] The association of insufficiency of the internal jugular valve with PCH is rarely described. […] Jugular insufficiency was considered as the presence of venous reflux flow lasting 0.88 seconds in the Doppler sonography as done previously in the literature.

• #6 Clues in the differential diagnosis of primary vs secondary cough, exercise, and sexual headaches – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25298032/

  Activity-related headaches can be provoked by Valsalva maneuvers („cough headache”), prolonged exercise („exertional headache”) and sexual excitation („sexual headache”). […] Cough headache is the most common in terms of consultation. Primary cough headache should be suspected in patients older than 50 years, if pain does not predominate in the occipital area, if pain lasts seconds, when there are no other symptoms/signs and if indomethacin relieves the headache attacks. […] Almost half of cough headaches are secondary, usually to a Chiari type I malformation. Secondary cough headache should be suspected in young people, when pain is occipital and lasts longer than one minute, and especially if there are other symptoms/signs and if there is no response to indomethacin. […] Every patient with cough headache needs cranio-cervical MRI.

• #7 The secondary cough headache and Chiari type I malformation –

  https://caringmedical.com/prolotherapy-news/secondary-cough-headache-chiari-type-malformation/

  Almost half of cough headaches are secondary, usually to a Chiari type I malformation. […] Cough headache is the most common in terms of consultation. Primary cough headache should be suspected in patients older than 50 years if the pain does not predominate in the occipital area if the pain lasts seconds, when there are no other symptoms/signs, and if indomethacin relieves the headache attacks. […] Secondary cough headache should be suspected in young people when pain is occipital (back of the skull) and lasts longer than one minute, especially if there are other symptoms/signs and if there is no response to indomethacin. Every patient with cough headache needs a craniocervical MRI. […] In an April 2023 paper in the journal Clinical neurology and neurosurgery writes that “Secondary cough headache can remit despite progression of the pathology but, can also persist after the pathology resolves.”

• #8 Headache associated with cough: a review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3671207/

  Headache only triggered by coughing is a rather uncommon condition. The aim of the present review is to present an overview of the diagnosis, clinical characteristics, pathophysiology and treatment of both primary and symptomatic cough headache and discuss other relevant headache disorders affected by coughing. The diagnosis of primary cough headache is made when headache is brought on and occurs only in association with coughing, straining or a Valsalva manoeuvre and in the absence of any abnormalities on neuro-imaging. […] In case an underlying pathology is identified as a cause of the headache, the diagnosis of symptomatic cough headache is made. The vast majority of these patients present with a Chiari malformation type I. Other frequently reported causes include miscellaneous posterior fossa pathology, carotid or vertebrobasilar disease and cerebral aneurysms. Consequently, diagnostic neuroimaging is key in the diagnosis of cough-related headache and guides treatment.

• #8 Headache associated with cough: a review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3671207/

  The pathophysiology of primary cough headache is not well understood, but various hypotheses have been formulated. It seems likely that it is associated with an increased intracranial pressure caused by coughing, this due to an increase in the intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal pressure subsequently leading to an increase in the central venous pressure. […] Although no long term studies exist on the natural evolution of cough headache, it seems that most of the primary cough headache patients remit spontaneously after maximum 4 years, however, patients with a disease duration of 12 years and more have been described. […] Treatment options for primary cough headache are outlined in Table 2. Apart from one small double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with indomethacin in a dose of 50mg tid, no large randomized trials have been performed. General consensus exists that the treatment of choice for primary cough headache is indeed indomethacin, however with varying daily doses, treatment durations and treatment effects with a general response rate of approximately 73%. […] Patients with symptomatic cough headache usually require a tailor-based surgical treatment. Suboccipital craniectomy, whether or not combined with a C1-C3 laminectomy, relieves cough headache in the majority of patients with a Chiari malformation type I.

• #8 Headache associated with cough: a review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3671207/

  Primary cough headache, previously also called benign cough headache or Valsalva-manoeuvre headache, is currently defined by the International Headache Society (IHS) as a headache, precipitated by coughing or straining in the absence of any intracranial disorder lasting up to 30 minutes. […] A. Headache fulfilling criteria B and C B. Sudden onset, lasting from one second to 30 minutes C. Brought on by and occurring only in association with coughing, straining and/or Valsalva manoeuvre D. Not attributed to another disorder. […] Underlying etiologies are present in approximately 40% of the cases and are mostly related to Chiari type I malformation. In general, patients with symptomatic cough headache differ from patients with primary cough headache in the fact that they tend to have more associated symptoms, depending on the underlying abnormality.

• #9 Diagnosing Secondary Headaches

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/diagnosing-secondary-headaches/31654/

  The SNOOP10 mnemonic is a useful framework for diagnosing secondary headaches. […] Secondary headaches are those in which the headache is a symptom of another disorder recognized as a potential underlying cause. […] Approximately 18% of people who experience a headache have a secondary headache disorder. […] Diagnosis of secondary headache disorders can be straightforward if a person with no prior headache history develops headache in the setting of a disorder known to cause headaches. […] Many laboratory and neuroimaging studies can be ordered for a suspected secondary headache. […] It is essential to take the time to perform a structured history as a standard practice for every person with new or different headache to ensure not overlooking secondary headache red flags. […] Consider neuroimaging when headaches are provoked by coughing, straining, or other Valsalva maneuvers. Secondary cough headache accounts for 40% of all cough headache cases, and therefore a diagnosis of primary cough headache can only be given after secondary causes have been ruled out. […] The most common cause of cough headache is Chiari malformation type 1. […] A change in headache pattern or characteristics for people who have a prior history of headache can indicate a secondary etiology.

• #10 Headache associated with cough: a review | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1129-2377-14-42

  Headache only triggered by coughing is a rather uncommon condition. The aim of the present review is to present an overview of the diagnosis, clinical characteristics, pathophysiology and treatment of both primary and symptomatic cough headache and discuss other relevant headache disorders affected by coughing. The diagnosis of primary cough headache is made when headache is brought on and occurs only in association with coughing, straining or a Valsalva manoeuvre and in the absence of any abnormalities on neuro-imaging. […] In case an underlying pathology is identified as a cause of the headache, the diagnosis of symptomatic cough headache is made. The vast majority of these patients present with a Chiari malformation type I. Other frequently reported causes include miscellaneous posterior fossa pathology, carotid or vertebrobasilar disease and cerebral aneurysms. Consequently, diagnostic neuroimaging is key in the diagnosis of cough-related headache and guides treatment.

• #11 Primary Cough Headache – DoveMed

  https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/primary-cough-headache

  Differential diagnosis to exclude the following conditions is important prior to arriving at a diagnosis of Primary Cough Headache: Arnold-Chiari malformation type I, Basilar impression, Brain tumors, Carotid or vertebrobasilar diseases, Cerebral aneurysm, Midbrain cysts, Platybasia, Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), Spontaneous intracranial hypotension, Subdural hematoma. […] Note: When the signs and symptoms does not fulfill all the diagnostic criteria outlined for Primary Cough Headache as recognized by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), it is defined as Probable Primary Cough Headache.

• #12 Primary cough headache | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/primary-cough-headache

  The authors discuss the clinical manifestations, etiology, differential diagnosis, diagnostic evaluation, and management of primary cough headache. […] Every patient presenting with cough headache should have an MRI of the brain to rule out a posterior fossa lesion. The MRI should be done with gadolinium, looking for pachymeningeal enhancement because headache secondary to spontaneous leak can present as cough headache alone, with no orthostatic component. […] Given the differential diagnosis outlined above, every patient with cough headache should have an MRI of the brain to rule out a posterior fossa lesion. The MRI should be performed with gadolinium, looking for pachymeningeal enhancement because headache secondary to spontaneous CSF leak can present as cough headache alone with no orthostatic component.

• #13 Cough headaches – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-cough-headaches/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371204

  Your doctor may recommend brain-imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans, to rule out other possible causes for your headaches. […] During an Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a magnetic field and radio waves are used to create cross-sectional images of the structures within your head to determine any problems that may be causing your cough headache. […] These scans use a computer to create cross-sectional images of your brain and head by combining images from an X-ray unit that rotates around your body. […] Rarely, a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) may be recommended. During a spinal tap, the provider removes some of the fluid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord. […] Treatment differs, depending on whether you have primary or secondary cough headaches. […] If you have secondary cough headaches, surgery is often needed to fix the underlying problem. Preventive medications usually don’t help people who have secondary cough headaches. However, responding to medication doesn’t necessarily mean that you have a primary cough headache.

• #14 Cough headaches – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/cough-headaches/

  Cough headaches are an unusual type of headache triggered by coughing and other types of straining — such as from sneezing, blowing your nose, laughing, crying, singing, bending over or having a bowel movement. […] Your doctor may recommend brain-imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans, to rule out other possible causes for your headaches. […] Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). During an MRI, a magnetic field and radio waves are used to create cross-sectional images of the structures within your head to determine whether any problems are causing your cough headache. […] Computerized tomography (CT) scan. These scans use a computer to create cross-sectional images of your brain and head by combining images from an X-ray unit that rotates around your body.

• #15 Acute Headache in Adults: A Diagnostic Approach | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/acute-headache-adults.html

  Primary headache onset after 50 years of age is uncommon, and onset after 65 years of age carries a high risk of a serious secondary etiology. […] In patients older than 50 years, giant cell arteritis must be considered. […] Neuroimaging and an additional evaluation may be necessary to exclude life-threatening causes of headaches when red flags are present. […] For emergent evaluations of headache, non-contrast computed tomography (CT) of the head is sensitive enough to exclude a new intracranial hemorrhage or mass effect. […] A lumbar puncture must follow a reassuring CT scan to sufficiently exclude subarachnoid hemorrhage. […] Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without contrast is the preferred method for evaluating headaches with other concerning features. […] Brain MRI is useful when the presenting headache is consistent with trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (to exclude secondary causes) or precipitated by cough (to exclude posterior fossa lesion).

• #15 Acute Headache in Adults: A Diagnostic Approach | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/acute-headache-adults.html

  A detailed history and physical examination can distinguish between key features of a benign primary headache and concerning symptoms that warrant further evaluation for a secondary headache. […] Evaluating acute headaches using a systematic framework such as the SNNOOP10 mnemonic can help detect life-threatening secondary causes of headaches. […] Red flag signs or symptoms such as acute thunderclap headache, fever, meningeal irritation on physical examination, papilledema with focal neurologic signs, impaired consciousness, and concern for acute glaucoma warrant immediate evaluation. […] For emergent evaluations, noncontrast computed tomography of the head is recommended to exclude acute intracranial hemorrhage or mass effect. […] A lumbar puncture is also needed to rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage if the scan result is normal.

• #16 Modified Valsalva test differentiates primary from secondary cough headache | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1129-2377-14-31

  The current definition of cough headache includes provocation of the symptom by Valsalva manoeuvre, and it is generally believed that all cough headache results from a sudden increase in intracranial pressure. […] We sought to question that presumption and to determine whether the Valsalva test might distinguish primary from secondary cough headache. […] A positive response was recorded if the manoeuvre provoked headache. […] Eleven had positive modified Valsalva tests. […] Ten were found subsequently to have posterior fossa pathologies (secondary cough headache: 8 Chiari Type 1 malformations, 2 posterior fossa meningiomas). […] The cough headache was relieved following surgery in all cases. […] These findings suggest that secondary cough headache results from a transient increase in intracranial CSF pressure during exertion in the presence of obstruction to normal cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.

• #17 Modified Valsalva test differentiates primary from secondary cough headache | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1129-2377-14-31

  The modified Valsalva test can also determine whether tonsillar herniation found on brain MRI is symptomatic. […] Primary cough headache appears to be caused by a different mechanism, possibly through congestion of the orbital venous plexus in the presence of jugular venous incompetence and a reduced threshold for trigeminal sensory activation. […] By contrast, PCH is not provoked by Valsalva manoeuvre and must be due to another mechanism.

• #18

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/uncommon__group_4_0__primary_headaches__less.21.aspx

  Primary cough headache is the commonest of activity-related headache. Cough headaches are mostly primary but may be symptomatic and secondary in up to 40%. The ICHD-3 criteria for primary cough headache are included in Table 2. […] Primary cough headache is usually seen in the elderly, beyond 50 years of age, the pain is nonoccipital in location and responds well to indomethacin. When it happens in young individuals or lasts 1 min, is occipital in location, and is not responsive to indomethacin, one should suspect a secondary cause and investigate. Symptomatic underlying causes may be seen in over 40% of all patients presenting with cough headaches. The most commonly seen structural lesion is a Chiari Type I malformation. Other less common causes of secondary cough headache are posterior fossa space occupation, spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), and subdural hematoma. All patients with cough headache should, therefore, undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and cervical spine to exclude posterior fossa pathology.

• #19 Diagnosing Secondary Headaches

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2020-may/diagnosing-secondary-headaches

  The SNOOP10 mnemonic is a useful framework for diagnosing secondary headaches. […] Secondary headaches are those in which the headache is a symptom of another disorder recognized as a potential underlying cause. […] Approximately 18% of people who experience a headache have a secondary headache disorder. […] Diagnosis of secondary headache disorders can be straightforward if a person with no prior headache history develops headache in the setting of a disorder known to cause headaches. […] Many laboratory and neuroimaging studies can be ordered for a suspected secondary headache. […] Therefore, detailed history taking, physical examination, and recognition of diagnostic red flags that may prompt appropriate secondary headache evaluation are crucial to diagnosis. […] It is essential to take the time to perform a structured history as a standard practice for every person with new or different headache to ensure not overlooking secondary headache red flags.

• #20 Diagnosing Secondary Headaches

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2020-may/diagnosing-secondary-headaches

  For headache red flags, the SNOOP4 mnemonic or the expanded SNNOOP10 are helpful guides. […] Consider neuroimaging when headaches are provoked by coughing, straining, or other Valsalva maneuvers. Secondary cough headache accounts for 40% of all cough headache cases, and therefore a diagnosis of primary cough headache can only be given after secondary causes have been ruled out. […] The most common cause of cough headache is Chiari malformation type 1. […] Papilledema should always lead to further investigation. […] The presence of atypical features or red flags should raise concern for secondary headaches.

• #21 Approach to Acute Headache in Adults | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/0515/p682.html

  Approximately one-half of the adult population worldwide is affected by a headache disorder. […] The International Headache Society classification and diagnostic criteria can help physicians differentiate primary headaches (e.g., tension, migraine, cluster) from secondary headaches (e.g., those caused by infection or vascular disease). […] A thorough history and physical examination, and an understanding of the typical features of primary headaches, can reduce the need for neuroimaging, lumbar puncture, or other studies. […] Some red flag signs and symptoms identified in the history or during a physical examination can indicate serious underlying pathology and will require neuroimaging or other testing to evaluate the cause of headache. […] If an intracranial hemorrhage is suspected, head computed tomography without contrast media is recommended.

• #22 Approach to Acute Headache in Adults | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/0515/p682.html

  For most other dangerous causes of headache, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography is acceptable. […] Most headache diagnoses are based entirely on the patient history. […] The International Headache Society has published a system of classification and operational diagnostic criteria for headache based on clinical consensus. […] Patients with a history of headache who do not have red flag signs and symptoms are at low risk of serious headache. […] Additionally, they should have primary headache characteristics. […] Patients at low risk of serious headache do not require neuroimaging. […] Patients with characteristics of secondary headache should be evaluated to determine whether the headache is dangerous. […] Neuroimaging is indicated for all patients who present with signs or symptoms of dangerous headache, because they are at increased risk of intracranial pathology. […] Computed tomography of the head should be performed before lumbar puncture, even if the results of neurologic examination are normal, because there is a risk of central herniation of the brain even in the absence of physical examination findings of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

• #23

  https://continentalhospitals.com/diseases/cough-headaches/

  Cough headaches are headaches triggered by coughing, characterized by a sudden, sharp pain in the head upon coughing. […] If you’re experiencing headaches triggered by coughing or have risk factors, consulting with a Neurologist is crucial for accurate diagnosis and tailored management. […] The diagnosis process typically includes: Medical History: The doctor will ask about the frequency, duration, and characteristics of the headaches, as well as any associated symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, or straining. Physical Examination: A physical exam may be performed to assess neurological function and check for any signs of underlying conditions. Imaging Tests: Imaging studies such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) or CT (Computed Tomography) scans may be ordered to rule out structural abnormalities in the brain, such as tumors or bleeding. Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap): In some cases, a lumbar puncture may be performed to measure the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid and rule out conditions such as intracranial hypotension (low pressure in the skull). Evaluation of Coughing Episodes: If coughing triggers the headaches, the doctor may observe and evaluate coughing episodes to better understand the relationship between the cough and the headache. Other Tests: Additional tests may be ordered based on the individual’s symptoms and medical history to rule out other potential causes of headaches.

• #24 Head Hurts When I Cough: Causes, Home Remedies, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/head-hurts-when-i-cough

  In some people, the pressure caused by coughing can lead to a painful headache. Often, a cough headache will resolve on its own and is nothing to worry about. Other times, it may represent a more serious condition. […] Talk to your doctor if you’re experiencing cough headaches and are concerned about them. You should also see your doctor if you’re experiencing cough headaches and they are new, have symptoms associated with secondary cough headaches, have very painful cough headaches, or those which last a long time, have blurred or double vision, or are experiencing frequent cough headaches. […] If your doctor is concerned about, or suspects secondary cough headache, they’ll order diagnostic imaging tests to look at your brain. These may include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography scan (CT). […] Secondary cough headaches may respond temporarily to at-home treatments, but their root cause must be addressed in order to eliminate the problem.

• #25 Cough headaches | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/cough-headaches

  Cough headaches are a type of head pain triggered by coughing and other types of straining. […] A primary cough headache is diagnosed only when a provider has ruled out possible causes other than coughing. […] Anyone who has a cough headache for the first time should see their health care provider. The provider can determine whether a cough or something else caused the pain. […] Your doctor may recommend brain-imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans, to rule out other possible causes for your headaches. […] Sometimes, what is first diagnosed as a cough headache may be caused by a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Coughing or straining may trigger the headache, but the underlying cause is the CSF leak. This is one of the reasons why it’s important to see your provider for a new cough headache.

• #26

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/cough-headaches

  Cough headaches are a type of head pain triggered by coughing and other types of straining. This may include sneezing, blowing your nose, laughing, crying, singing, bending over or having a bowel movement. […] Cough headaches are fairly uncommon. There are two types: primary cough headaches and secondary cough headaches. Primary cough headaches are usually harmless, are caused only by coughing and get better quickly without treatment. A primary cough headache is diagnosed only when a provider has ruled out possible causes other than coughing. […] A secondary cough headache may be triggered by a cough, but it is caused by problems with the brain or structures near the brain and spine. Secondary cough headaches can be more serious and may require treatment with surgery. […] Anyone who has a cough headache for the first time should see their health care provider. The provider can determine whether a cough or something else caused the pain.

• #27 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Cough headaches | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20371185

  Cough headaches are a type of head pain triggered by coughing and other types of straining. This may include sneezing, blowing your nose, laughing, crying, singing, bending over or having a bowel movement. […] A primary cough headache is diagnosed only when a provider has ruled out possible causes other than coughing. […] Anyone who has a cough headache for the first time should see their health care provider. The provider can determine whether a cough or something else caused the pain. […] Consult your doctor or health care provider if you experience sudden headaches after coughing especially if the headaches are new, frequent or severe or you have any other troubling signs or symptoms, such as imbalance or blurred or double vision. […] Your doctor may recommend brain-imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans, to rule out other possible causes for your headaches. […] Treatment differs, depending on whether you have primary or secondary cough headaches. […] If you have secondary cough headaches, surgery is often needed to fix the underlying problem. Preventive medications usually don’t help people who have secondary cough headaches.

• #28 Headache: Diagnosis & Treatment – Neurology and Neurosurgery | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/neuro/headache/treatment

  How are Headaches Diagnosed? Diagnosis Often headaches are diagnosed by a healthcare provider who completes a comprehensive medical evaluation, which includes asking about the details of your headaches and other medical conditions. […] After the initial consultation, your headache doctor may perform tests, including bloodwork and a brain scan if needed. Tests may depend upon your reported headaches symptoms. Diagnostic tests and methods may include: […] CT scans. Imaging of the brain may be used to rule out a head injury, tumors, blood clots, or bleeding for severe headaches […] MRI. This is the most common scan used for headaches to assess if there are any underlying causes or conditions separate from migraine or other genetic headache disorders […] Eye exams. Certain eye disorders or eye problems may be an underlying cause of headaches […] Spinal tap. The fluid that surrounds your spine and brain may be tested around the low back if you have a headache condition that is caused by high pressure or infection […] Blood tests. Certain tests may be performed to look for infection or inflammation.

• #29 Headache Disorders: Differentiating Primary and Secondary Etiologies

  https://www.imrpress.com/journal/JIN/23/2/10.31083/j.jin2302043/htm

  In the initial assessment of a headache patient, several dangerous secondary etiologies must be considered. A thorough history and physical examination, along with a comprehensive differential diagnosis may alert a physician to the diagnosis of a secondary headache particularly when it is accompanied by certain clinical features. […] Evaluation and workup include a complete neurological examination, consideration of neuroimaging, and serum/spinal fluid analysis if indicated. Careful attention to the patients’ history and physical examination will guide the diagnostic work-up and management. In this review, we summarize the diagnostic workup of various primary and secondary headache etiologies. Although most headaches are primary in nature, it is essential to screen for headache “red flags”, as they can suggest life threatening secondary etiologies. When secondary causes are suspected, appropriate neuroimaging can further differentiate the underlying cause. The appropriate imaging is dependent on the most likely secondary etiology, which is deduced from history and physical examination. When no red flags are present, primary headaches are more likely. These can be differentiated by frequency, location, duration, triggers, and presence of aura. The different clinical presentations for secondary headaches, as well as the distinguishing features for primary headaches are outlined in this review.

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