Materiały źródłowe

• #1 4.1 Primary cough headache – ICHD-3

  https://ichd-3.org/other-primary-headache-disorders/4-1-primary-cough-headache/

  4.1 Primary cough headache is a rare condition, accounting for 1% or fewer of all headache patients consulting neurological clinics. However, one report found one fifth of patients with cough seen in a chest medicine clinic had cough headache. […] While indomethacin (50-200 mg/day) is usually effective in treating 4.1 Primary cough headache, a few symptomatic cases have been reported to respond to this treatment.

• #1 Cough Headache: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21071-cough-headache

  You may not be able to prevent cough headaches. But they can often be treated by removing the cause. […] The best way to prevent cough headaches is to avoid coughing. This is easier said than done. Everyone coughs sometimes. If you know certain activities make you more likely to cough a lot (and trigger a headache), try to avoid them as often as possible. It also isnt realistic to stop yourself from expressing emotion, like laughing or crying, even if it may cause a headache. […] If you cough or strain often, a healthcare provider can help you find solutions, which may include: Having an exam and tests to check for and treat upper respiratory issues or allergies that cause frequent coughing. Taking stool softeners to avoid straining during bowel movements. Checking with a healthcare provider or pharmacist to see if coughing is a side effect of a current medication you take regularly. Finding ways to stay active that dont involve straining (like weightlifting).

• #1

  https://www.kuh.ku.edu.tr/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/cough-headaches

  Cough headaches are a type of head pain triggered by coughing and other types of straining. This may include sneezing, blowing your nose, laughing, crying, singing, bending over or having a bowel movement. […] After talking with your provider, here are some tips to prevent actions that trigger your cough headaches whether that’s coughing, sneezing or straining while using the toilet. This may help reduce the number of headaches you experience. Some preventive measures may include: Treating conditions that would cause coughing, such as bronchitis or other lung infections, Avoiding medications that cause coughing as a side effect, Getting an annual flu shot, Using stool softeners to avoid constipation, Minimizing heavy lifting or bending for long periods. […] While these steps may help prevent a cough headache, any headache related to coughing or straining should always be checked by your provider.

• #1 Head Hurts When I Cough: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.volusiamedicalcenter.net/post/head-hurts-when-i-cough-causes-treatment-and-prevention

  Drinking plenty of water helps thin mucus and keeps your throat moist, reducing irritation and the likelihood of coughing. Water also helps your body function better and can improve overall health. […] Staying away from things like smoke, strong smells, and allergens can help stop coughing and headaches from coughing. Using air purifiers to clean the air in your home and keeping your home clean can also help prevent these issues. […] During cold and flu season, you can prevent respiratory infections by washing your hands often, staying away from sick people, and getting your vaccinations. These actions can lower your chances of getting sick and having a cough that might cause headaches. […] If you often get primary cough headaches, your doctor might suggest taking preventive medications like NSAIDs or other prescribed treatments to lessen how often you have headaches. These medications can help manage the headaches.

• #1 Cough headaches – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-cough-headaches/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371204

  If you have a history of primary cough headaches, your doctor may recommend that you take daily medication to help prevent or reduce the pain. […] These preventive medications may include: […] Preventive medications usually don’t help people who have secondary cough headaches.

• #1 Headache associated with cough: a review | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1129-2377-14-42

  Headache only triggered by coughing is a rather uncommon condition. […] The aim of the present review is to present an overview of the diagnosis, clinical characteristics, pathophysiology and treatment of both primary and symptomatic cough headache and discuss other relevant headache disorders affected by coughing. […] Consequently, diagnostic neuroimaging is key in the diagnosis of cough-related headache and guides treatment. […] Treatment options for primary cough headache are outlined in Table2. […] General consensus exists that the treatment of choice for primary cough headache is indeed indomethacin, however with varying daily doses, treatment durations and treatment effects with a general response rate of approximately 73%. […] Patients with symptomatic cough headache usually require a tailor-based surgical treatment. […] The mechanism by which indomethacin is effective is not fully understood, but indomethacin decreases intracranial pressure which could be the possible mechanism of action.

• #1 Primary Cough Headache – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37747622/

  Purpose of review: In this review article, we summarize the most recent findings and observations in patients experiencing primary cough headache. […] Recent studies draw attention to further characterization of patients with primary cough headache in a pulmonology clinic. […] There have also been recent case studies describing new therapy considerations, including noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation and lumbar punctures. […] Generally, patients are responsive to indomethacin, but more recent case reports have suggested benefits of other medications and procedures that may offer patients an alternative option, including vagus nerve stimulation, lumbar punctures, and beta blockers. […] Future case series and studies should focus on management of these patients, with a specific focus on individuals who do not tolerate indomethacin.

• #1 Headache: What It Is, Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9639-headaches

  Coughing, sneezing, blowing your nose, straining (such as when having a bowel movement), or laughing or crying vigorously (cough headaches). […] Treatment for secondary headaches involves treating the underlying medical condition causing it. […] For example, surgery is often needed to correct the underlying cause of secondary cough headache. […] The key to preventing headaches is figuring out what triggers them. […] Many people, however, aren’t able to avoid triggers or are unable to identify triggers. In that case, a more personalized multidisciplinary approach with a headache specialist is often necessary.

• #1 Headaches precipitated by cough, prolonged exercise or sexual activity: a prospective etiological and clinical study | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/s10194-008-0063-5

  The mean age at onset for primary headaches provoked by physical exercise and sexual activity began at the same age (40 years old), shared clinical characteristics (bilateral, pulsating) and responded to beta-blockers. […] In conclusion, these conditions account for a low proportion of headache consultations. […] Our aim was to have a better knowledge of these provoked headaches with a prospective clinical study an adequate follow-up and including the modern diagnostic techniques. […] All symptomatic patients diagnosed as primary cough headache were treated with indomethacin. […] Indomethacin was given if there were contraindications or no response to beta-blockers. […] The average duration of the symptomatic phase was 5 years (maximum 30 years). […] Pain disappeared in the 9 patients whose Chiari type I malformation was operated on with successful anatomical reconstruction of the posterior fossa.

• #1 Health Information Library | Rumah Sakit Pusat Pertamina

  https://rspp.co.id/dcontent.html?id=CON-20371185&n=Cough%20headaches

  After talking with your provider, here are some tips to prevent actions that trigger your cough headaches whether that’s coughing, sneezing or straining while using the toilet. This may help reduce the number of headaches you experience. Some preventive measures may include: […] While these steps may help prevent a cough headache, any headache related to coughing or straining should always be checked by your provider.

• #1 Cough Headache: Causes & Treatment | K Health App

  https://khealth.com/learn/headache/cough-caused-headache/

  When to See a Doctor […] Always talk to your doctor or a K doctor if you have persistent cough headache episodes that cause you pain. […] How to Prevent Cough Headaches […] It’s not always possible to prevent a cough headache, but you can decrease the episodes you experience. One of the most effective ways to prevent cough headaches is to avoid the straining actions that cause them. […] Some possible ways to prevent cough headaches are: […] Avoiding medications that can cause coughing as a side effect, such as ACE inhibitors, which treat high blood pressure […] Getting an annual influenza vaccine […] Taking over-the-counter cough medications if you have a cold […] Avoiding allergy triggers […] Avoiding or quitting smoking […] Treating respiratory infections like bronchitis and pneumonia […] Using stool softeners or eating a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation […] Secondary cough headaches cannot be prevented, since they are caused by a structural problem of the head or brain.

• #1 The secondary cough headache and Chiari type I malformation –

  https://caringmedical.com/prolotherapy-news/secondary-cough-headache-chiari-type-malformation/

  Almost half of cough headaches are secondary, usually to a Chiari type I malformation. […] Secondary cough headache should be suspected in young people when pain is occipital (back of the skull) and lasts longer than one minute, especially if there are other symptoms/signs and if there is no response to indomethacin. Every patient with cough headache needs a craniocervical MRI. […] Secondary cough headaches are called secondary because they are a symptom and condition of something else. To treat these cough headaches you must treat the primary cause. […] Secondary cough headache can respond to medical treatment and can respond to a COX-2 inhibitor.

• #1 Headache prevention – Catch it before it starts | Evergreen Life

  https://www.evergreen-life.co.uk/health-wellbeing-library/headache-prevention/

  Effective headache prevention may vary depending on which type you’re trying to avoid […] Unless cough headaches are something you’re familiar with and a clinician has given you the all-clear, contact your GP if you experience a new, persistent, cough induced headache. […] Tips for preventing headaches […] Keep a headache diary If you’re no stranger to regular headaches, maintaining a record of when they start, duration and what you were doing at the time they began can help you spot your unique headache triggers, so you know what to avoid or minimise. […] Prioritise sleep The Sleep Foundation advises adults aged 18-64 get seven-nine hours of sleep, whilst the recommended sleep time for those aged 65 and above is seven-eight hours. […] Stay clear of overdoing the medication, specifically painkillers like paracetamol and codeine Although you may think over-the-counter medications for headaches can help, taking some more than twice a week can actually make your headaches more intense and frequent.

• #2 Why Does My Head Hurt When I Cough?

  https://www.megawecare.com/good-health-by-yourself/cough-and-cold/cough-headache-why-does-my-head-hurt-when-i-cough

  Cough headaches are uncommon and affect 1% of people in their lifetime. […] Are there ways to prevent cough headaches? […] Getting your cough treated and avoiding activities like bending, stooping, and lifting weights can prevent cough headaches. Indomethacin is the preferred drug for headache prevention. […] Primary cough headaches are not dangerous and subside after a few minutes. Secondary headaches usually have underlying causes and can be dangerous if not treated in time.

• #2

  https://www.kuh.ku.edu.tr/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/cough-headaches

  Cough headaches are a type of head pain triggered by coughing and other types of straining. This may include sneezing, blowing your nose, laughing, crying, singing, bending over or having a bowel movement. […] After talking with your provider, here are some tips to prevent actions that trigger your cough headaches whether that’s coughing, sneezing or straining while using the toilet. This may help reduce the number of headaches you experience. Some preventive measures may include: Treating conditions that would cause coughing, such as bronchitis or other lung infections, Avoiding medications that cause coughing as a side effect, Getting an annual flu shot, Using stool softeners to avoid constipation, Minimizing heavy lifting or bending for long periods. […] While these steps may help prevent a cough headache, any headache related to coughing or straining should always be checked by your provider.

• #2 Cough headaches – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/cough-headaches/

  Preventing the actions that trigger your cough headaches — whether that’s coughing, sneezing or straining on the toilet — may help reduce the number of headaches you experience. Some preventive measures may include: […] Treating lung infections, such as bronchitis […] Avoiding medications that cause coughing as a side effect […] Getting an annual flu shot […] Using stool softeners to avoid constipation […] Minimizing heavy lifting or bending for long periods.

• #2 Cough Symptoms, Types, Treatment and Prevention | Vicks

  https://vicks.com/en-us/symptom/cough

  How to Prevent a Cough From Cold or Flu […] If you have a cough, the last thing you want to do is spread it to a friend or family member. Similarly, youd probably hope your friends and family would do their best to avoid spreading their cough to you. […] Having strong immune defenses will go a long way toward helping you fight off next cough, cold, or flu coming your way. And one of the best building blocks to a strong cold- and flu-fighting immune system is sleep. Poor quality sleep or not enough sleep have been found to lower resistance to illness so having your sleep hygiene habits dialed in can help you face the outside world head-on with confidence and a few handy hygiene practices as well. […] Some of the simplest methods for preventing person-to-person or object-to-person transmission are also the most effective. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and National Institutes for Health (NIH) offer the useful guidelines for preventing the spread of germs and viruses, including respiratory infection, and protecting yourself and those around you:

• #2 Head Hurts When I Cough: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.volusiamedicalcenter.net/post/head-hurts-when-i-cough-causes-treatment-and-prevention

  Quitting smoking can help reduce chronic coughing and improve your overall health. If you need help quitting, you can seek support or join a cessation program. Quitting smoking can be difficult, but it can be very beneficial to your health. […] Stress and tension can exacerbate headaches. Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, yoga, or meditation can help to prevent tension headaches triggered by coughing. These techniques can help to relax the muscles in your neck and head, which can reduce the risk of tension headaches.

• #2 Cough headaches

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/c/cough-headaches2/?section=Diagnosis

  Preventing the actions that trigger your cough headaches — whether that’s coughing, sneezing or straining on the toilet — may help reduce the number of headaches you experience. Some preventive measures may include: […] If you have a history of primary cough headaches, your doctor may recommend that you take daily medication to help prevent or reduce the pain. […] Preventive medications usually don’t help people who have secondary cough headaches.

• #2 Primary Cough Headache – Virtual Headache Specialist

  https://virtualheadachespecialist.com/education-center/primary-cough-headache/treatment/

  Preventive: What to take on a daily basis to try to lessen the frequency and/or severity of the headaches. Preventive medicines generally take 4-6 weeks to start working and 2-3 months for full effect, assuming the correct dose of the medication is reached. […] Anti-convulsant (Anti-seizure) medications: —Topiramate (Topamax) —Gabapentin (Neurontin) —Zonisamide (Zonegran) […] Anti-depressant/Anti-anxiety medications: —Amitriptyline (Elavil) —Nortriptyline (Pamelor) —Venlafaxine XR (Effexor XR) —Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) —Duloxetine (Cymbalta) […] Anti-hypertensive (blood pressure) medications: —Verapamil (Calan) —Propranolol (Inderal) —Metoprolol (Toprol) —Atenolol (Tenormin) —Nadolol (Corgard) —Lisinopril (Zestril) —Candesartan (Atacand) —Acetazolamide (Diamox)

• #2 The secondary cough headache and Chiari type I malformation –

  https://caringmedical.com/prolotherapy-news/secondary-cough-headache-chiari-type-malformation/

  Almost half of cough headaches are secondary, usually to a Chiari type I malformation. […] Secondary cough headache should be suspected in young people when pain is occipital (back of the skull) and lasts longer than one minute, especially if there are other symptoms/signs and if there is no response to indomethacin. Every patient with cough headache needs a craniocervical MRI. […] Secondary cough headaches are called secondary because they are a symptom and condition of something else. To treat these cough headaches you must treat the primary cause. […] Secondary cough headache can respond to medical treatment and can respond to a COX-2 inhibitor.

• #2 What You Need to Know About Head Pain & Coughs

  https://enticare.com/2020/05/19/head-pain-and-coughs/

  Primary cough headaches are benign, and the pain will ease quickly. However, if you have long-lasting or severe symptoms, you must visit your doctor or ENT. Have you been experiencing frequent headaches after coughing? Suppose you have sudden head pain, coughs, dizziness, fever, extreme pain, or unexplained weight loss. In that case, you should visit a medical professional immediately. Individuals experiencing chronic headaches should seek medical advice to determine the underlying cause.

• #2 Headaches precipitated by cough, prolonged exercise or sexual activity: a prospective etiological and clinical study | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/s10194-008-0063-5

  These findings explain the low incidence of structural lesions in classical series, as Chiari type I malformation can only be diagnosed with certainty by means of a cranio-cervical MRI study. […] The pathophysiology of primary cough headache is not known. […] This series also shows that cough headache is different to headache caused by prolonged physical exercise and sexual headache.

• #2 Cough Headache: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21071-cough-headache

  You may not be able to prevent cough headaches. But they can often be treated by removing the cause. […] The best way to prevent cough headaches is to avoid coughing. This is easier said than done. Everyone coughs sometimes. If you know certain activities make you more likely to cough a lot (and trigger a headache), try to avoid them as often as possible. It also isnt realistic to stop yourself from expressing emotion, like laughing or crying, even if it may cause a headache. […] If you cough or strain often, a healthcare provider can help you find solutions, which may include: Having an exam and tests to check for and treat upper respiratory issues or allergies that cause frequent coughing. Taking stool softeners to avoid straining during bowel movements. Checking with a healthcare provider or pharmacist to see if coughing is a side effect of a current medication you take regularly. Finding ways to stay active that dont involve straining (like weightlifting).

• #2 Headache prevention – Catch it before it starts | Evergreen Life

  https://www.evergreen-life.co.uk/health-wellbeing-library/headache-prevention/

  Eat regular healthy meals A study suggests that missing meals are linked with headaches. […] Be caffeine conscious Despite some headache medications containing caffeine as it can reduce headache pain, caffeine overload may lead to rare migraine episodes becoming more of an ongoing issue (chronic). […] Hone your hydration Headaches can stem from dehydration, though often being dehydrated can worsen underlying medical conditions like the primary headaches discussed above. […] Minimise stress This isn’t always as hard as it sometimes first appears and may alleviate headaches. […] Embrace regular exercise With so many benefits, including headache prevention, frequent aerobic activities like walking, swimming or cycling can boost your physical and mental wellbeing and reduce stress. […] Explore cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), should you live with tension headaches.

• #2 Head Hurts When I Cough: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.volusiamedicalcenter.net/post/head-hurts-when-i-cough-causes-treatment-and-prevention

  Coughing headaches are usually not serious, but they can sometimes be a sign of a bigger problem. Knowing what causes them, their symptoms, and how to treat them can help you feel better and stop them from happening. If the pain is very bad, doesn’t stop, or comes with other concerning symptoms, it’s important to see a doctor for a check-up. […] To prevent head pain caused by coughing, it’s important to address the root causes of the cough itself and minimize triggers that can lead to headaches. Here are some effective strategies: […] Taking care of problems like sinusitis, allergies, or breathing issues can lessen coughing and headaches from coughing. If you have any of these problems, using the prescribed medicines or treatments can help control them and stop coughing and headaches from coughing.

• #3

  https://www.kuh.ku.edu.tr/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/cough-headaches

  Cough headaches are a type of head pain triggered by coughing and other types of straining. This may include sneezing, blowing your nose, laughing, crying, singing, bending over or having a bowel movement. […] After talking with your provider, here are some tips to prevent actions that trigger your cough headaches whether that’s coughing, sneezing or straining while using the toilet. This may help reduce the number of headaches you experience. Some preventive measures may include: Treating conditions that would cause coughing, such as bronchitis or other lung infections, Avoiding medications that cause coughing as a side effect, Getting an annual flu shot, Using stool softeners to avoid constipation, Minimizing heavy lifting or bending for long periods. […] While these steps may help prevent a cough headache, any headache related to coughing or straining should always be checked by your provider.

• #3 Health Information Library | Rumah Sakit Pusat Pertamina

  https://rspp.co.id/dcontent.html?id=CON-20371185&n=Cough%20headaches

  After talking with your provider, here are some tips to prevent actions that trigger your cough headaches whether that’s coughing, sneezing or straining while using the toilet. This may help reduce the number of headaches you experience. Some preventive measures may include: […] While these steps may help prevent a cough headache, any headache related to coughing or straining should always be checked by your provider.

• #3 Read more about: Cough headaches | American Hospital Dubai

  https://www.ahdubai.com/blogs/cough-headaches

  Preventative steps are to limit and lessen actions that activate cough headaches, including treatment of lung infections, such as bronchitis, taking an annual flu shot and stool softeners to avoid constipation. […] Also, medications that trigger coughing as a side effect must be avoided and minimize heavy lifting or long periods of bending activities.

• #3 Cough Symptoms, Types, Treatment and Prevention | Vicks

  https://vicks.com/en-us/symptom/cough

  Practice good hand hygiene by washing your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If you dont have access to soap and water use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol. […] Cover your cough: cough into a tissue or into your elbow, but not into your hands. […] Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth, all of which are easy entry points for bacteria and viruses into your body where they may cause infection. […] Practice social distancing: maintain 6 feet of distance from others, including in public places. […] Self-quarantine: if you develop cold or flu symptoms, stay home from work and/or school if possible.

• #3 Medications for Migraine Prophylaxis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0101/p72.html

  Sufficient evidence and consensus exist to recommend propranolol, timolol, amitriptyline, divalproex, sodium valproate, and topiramate as first-line agents for migraine prevention. […] Following appropriate management of acute migraine, patients should be evaluated for initiation of preventive therapy. […] The goal of preventive therapy is to improve patients quality of life by reducing migraine frequency, severity, and duration, and by increasing the responsiveness of acute migraines to treatment. […] An algorithm for pharmacologic migraine prophylaxis is provided in Figure 1, and several evidence-based guidelines for the management of migraine headache are available elsewhere. […] Various types of medications have been evaluated for migraine prophylaxis, including beta blockers, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), angiotensin blockade agents, and calcium channel blockers.

• #3 Headaches precipitated by cough, prolonged exercise or sexual activity: a prospective etiological and clinical study | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/s10194-008-0063-5

  Headaches provoked by cough, prolonged physical exercise and sexual activity have not been studied prospectively, clinically and neuroradiologically. […] In patients with headache provoked by prolonged physical exercise or/and sexual activity cranial neuroimaging (CT and/or MRI) was performed and, in case of suspicion of subarachnoid bleeding, angioMRI and/or lumbar tap were carried out. […] A total of 28 patients (41.2%) out of 68 were diagnosed of primary cough headache, while the remaining 40 (58.8%) had secondary cough headache, always due to structural lesions in the posterior fossa, which in most cases was a Chiari type I malformation. […] All those patients showed difficulties in the cerebrospinal fluid circulation in the foramen magnum region in the dynamic MRI study and preoperative plateau waves, which disappeared after posterior fossa reconstruction.

• #3 Head Hurts When I Cough: Causes, Home Remedies, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/head-hurts-when-i-cough

  Reducing or eliminating your cough or other straining behaviors can help reduce primary cough headaches. […] Preventing colds and other infections can reduce your risk for developing nasal congestion, a cough, or a sneeze. Here are some prevention tips: […] If you do develop a cold or the flu, take steps to help yourself recover: […] Secondary cough headaches may respond temporarily to at-home treatments, but their root cause must be addressed in order to eliminate the problem. […] It’s important to talk to your doctor if you frequently experience headaches brought on by coughing, especially if they last for two or more hours, or are extremely painful.

• #3 Headache prevention – Catch it before it starts | Evergreen Life

  https://www.evergreen-life.co.uk/health-wellbeing-library/headache-prevention/

  Consider biofeedback training Whilst we’re on the topic of tension headaches, biofeedback training, a technique whereby you control certain body responses that help curb pain, is sometimes a proposed tension headache prevention method. […] Improve your posture There’s a proven association between the common forward head posture and tension headaches. […] Take screen breaks Spending a lot of time in front of screens can cause Computer vision syndrome or Digital Eye Strain. […] Preventing migraines Stress and food triggers can be among the culprits for migraines.

• #4 Medications for Migraine Prophylaxis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0101/p72.html

  Evidence consistently supports the use of the beta blocker propranolol (Inderal) in migraine prophylaxis. […] Amitriptyline is a first-line agent for migraine prophylaxis and is the only antidepressant with consistent evidence supporting its effectiveness for this use. […] Divalproex (Depakote) and sodium valproate are well supported by evidence for use in migraine prevention. […] Evidence supports the use of naproxen sodium (Anaprox) and naproxen (Naprosyn) for migraine prevention. […] The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril (Zestril) has demonstrated some effectiveness in the prevention of migraine. […] Other agents that have been assessed for the prevention of migraine have limited evidence, have shown limited effectiveness, or have side-effect limitations. […] A Cochrane review identified only one effective medication for migraine prophylaxis in children: propranolol. […] Preventive therapy for chronic migraine in women who are pregnant should be approached cautiously and initiated only with the consent of the patient after informed evaluation of the risks.

• #5 Headaches precipitated by cough, prolonged exercise or sexual activity: a prospective etiological and clinical study | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/s10194-008-0063-5

  The mean age at onset for primary headaches provoked by physical exercise and sexual activity began at the same age (40 years old), shared clinical characteristics (bilateral, pulsating) and responded to beta-blockers. […] In conclusion, these conditions account for a low proportion of headache consultations. […] Our aim was to have a better knowledge of these provoked headaches with a prospective clinical study an adequate follow-up and including the modern diagnostic techniques. […] All symptomatic patients diagnosed as primary cough headache were treated with indomethacin. […] Indomethacin was given if there were contraindications or no response to beta-blockers. […] The average duration of the symptomatic phase was 5 years (maximum 30 years). […] Pain disappeared in the 9 patients whose Chiari type I malformation was operated on with successful anatomical reconstruction of the posterior fossa.

• #6 Primary Cough Headache – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37747622/

  Purpose of review: In this review article, we summarize the most recent findings and observations in patients experiencing primary cough headache. […] Recent studies draw attention to further characterization of patients with primary cough headache in a pulmonology clinic. […] There have also been recent case studies describing new therapy considerations, including noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation and lumbar punctures. […] Generally, patients are responsive to indomethacin, but more recent case reports have suggested benefits of other medications and procedures that may offer patients an alternative option, including vagus nerve stimulation, lumbar punctures, and beta blockers. […] Future case series and studies should focus on management of these patients, with a specific focus on individuals who do not tolerate indomethacin.

• #7 Cough Headache: Symptoms, Treatment and Home Remedies

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/articles/cough-headaches

  If cough headaches are frequent, preventive medications such as beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers may be prescribed to reduce the frequency or severity of headaches. […] Prevention involves managing underlying conditions, avoiding triggers like excessive coughing or straining, and maintaining overall good health.

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