Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Ataxia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17748-ataxia

  Ataxia can happen in different ways, each with slightly different effects. […] The treatments for ataxia depend on why it happens in the first place. Some of the causes, especially the temporary ones like alcohol intoxication, may not need any treatment. Others may only need minor treatments, such as vitamin supplements for a vitamin B12 deficiency. […] Your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you what kind of treatments are possible and likely to help you. […] In many cases, people develop ataxia symptoms because theyre tired or stressed. In these cases, rest and downtime are all you need. […] There are some preventable causes of ataxia. However, many of the causes happen unpredictably, so you cant avoid or prevent them. […] The following causes of ataxia are usually but not always preventable: Alcohol intoxication (being drunk). You can avoid ataxia from this by drinking in moderation or not at all. […] There are certain warning signs that ataxia is happening because of a more severe problem that needs medical attention. […] Your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you more about why you have this symptom and your options for treatment.

• #1 Ataxia After Stroke Explained Along with Treatment Options.

  https://www.stroke-rehab.com/ataxia.html

  Ataxia Treatment […] Ataxia means without coordination. It can occur after stroke and may affect various body parts including the eyes, hands, arms, legs, body or trunk, and speech. Ataxia is most common after a cerebellar stroke and can be identified by wide and unsteady gait, the inability to perform rapid alternating movements, uncoordinated movement of the limbs, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, jerky movement, and impaired balance. […] Though ataxia is most commonly noted with cerebellar stroke, lesions in other parts of the brain can result in ataxia as well. These include lesions in the basis pontis, corona radiata, thalamus, and posterior limb of internal capsule. […] There is no treatment to cure ataxia, but treatment aims at reducing the symptoms. These treatments include speech, physical, and occupational therapy as well as medications. In addition, adaptive equipment can be used to help make some activities safer or easier to perform.

• #1 Ataxia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ataxia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355655

  Ataxia treatment depends on the cause. If ataxia is caused by a condition such as vitamin deficiency or celiac disease, treating the condition may help improve symptoms. If ataxia results from chickenpox or other viral infections, it is likely to resolve on its own. […] People with Friedreich ataxia can be treated with an oral medicine called omaveloxolone (Skyclarys). The U.S. Food and Drug Association approved the medicine for adults and teenagers 16 and older. In clinical trials, taking the medicine improved symptoms. People who take this medicine need regular blood tests because omaveloxolone can affect liver enzyme and cholesterol levels. Potential side effects of omaveloxolone include headache, nausea, stomach pain, fatigue, diarrhea, and muscle and joint pain. […] Symptoms such as stiffness, tremor and dizziness might improve with other medicines. Your healthcare professional also might recommend adaptive devices or therapies.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ataxia/treatment/

  The treatment for ataxia can vary depending on exactly what type of ataxia you have. […] It’s sometimes possible to treat the underlying cause of the condition so it improves or stops getting worse, but in most cases this isn’t possible and you’ll have treatment to relieve your symptoms. […] Your treatment plan will play an important part in the management of your condition. […] Treatments for the various symptoms of ataxia are discussed in the following sections, although you may not experience all of the problems described. […] A speech and language therapist will be able to help with two of the most common symptoms of ataxia slurred speech (dysarthria) and swallowing problems (dysphagia). […] The aim of occupational therapy is to teach you how to adapt to your gradual loss of mobility and develop new skills you can use to carry out daily activities.

• #1 Ataxia Treatments | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/neurosciences/movement-disorders/ataxia/treatments

  If you have ataxia, you can improve your quality of life by following a care plan to maximize your individual skills and overcome barriers and limitations. […] We encourage people with ataxia to work with a physical therapist for gait training and to improve their strength and flexibility. A speech-language pathologist can help you improve communication if you have speech problems. Occupational therapists can help you stay as independent as possible. They can suggest home adjustments and strategies for self-care, feeding and other everyday activities. […] In addition, medications can relieve symptoms sometimes associated with ataxia such as: […] Medications […] Psychological Counseling and Support.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ataxia/treatment/

  If you have ataxia, physiotherapy can help you maintain the use of your arms and legs, and prevent your muscles weakening or getting stuck in one position (contractures). […] If you’re experiencing muscle spasms, cramps and stiffness, muscle relaxant medication such as baclofen or tizanidine may be used to control these symptoms. […] Bladder problems, such as urinary urgency or, more rarely, urinary incontinence, sometimes affect people with ataxia. […] Eye problems are common in some cases of ataxia. […] As a result of underlying nerve damage, some men with ataxia will experience difficulty getting or maintaining an erection (erectile dysfunction). […] Many people with neurological conditions such as ataxia report feeling extremely tired and lethargic (lacking in energy). […] Damage to the nerve endings can result in nerve pain.

• #1 Ataxia: Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/neuro/parkinsons-disease-movement-disorders/ataxia/treatment

  There is no cure for ataxia. The treatment for ataxia is often related to its cause. For example, if a metabolic disorder causes ataxia, doctors will treat that disorder with specific medications and a controlled diet. Ataxias caused by a vitamin deficiency, stroke, or exposure to a toxin are sometimes treatable as well. […] Other ataxia treatments focus on relieving symptoms and may include medications to treat tremors, anxiety, uncoordinated gait, and swallowing difficulties. […] Episodic ataxia can be controlled with a medication called acetazolamide and by avoiding alcohol and caffeine. In addition, avoiding triggers such as stress may help reduce the symptoms of ataxia. Acquired ataxia may be treatable if an antibiotic or antiviral medication is effective in treating the cause of the ataxia, such as an infection.

• #1 Ataxia Treatments | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/neurosciences/movement-disorders/ataxia/treatments

  At the Northwestern Medicine Ataxia Center, we work with clinicians who are experts and have special training on ataxia. Our goal is to create a care plan for your specific needs to improve your quality of life. […] Treatment of ataxia depends on the underlying cause. A specific treatment can be established when ataxia is caused by a medical or neurological disease such as: […] When ataxia from genetic or unknown causes, there is no definitive cure. Clinical research is testing different compounds that may help slowing down the progression of ataxia. Some antioxidants include vitamin E and coenzyme Q10. In addition, researchers are testing some medication to use in same rare forms of genetic ataxias. These include zolpidem in SCA2, and acetazolamide and phenytoin in some types of episodic ataxia.

• #1 Friedreich Ataxia Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1150420-treatment

  Omaveloxolone, an activator of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), was the first drug approved by the FDA for treatment of Friedreich ataxia. […] Approval of omaveloxolone is supported by the efficacy and safety data from the MOXIe Part 2 trial and a post hoc Propensity-Matched Analysis of the open-label MOXIe Extension trial. Patients with genetically confirmed Friedreich ataxia and baseline modified Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale (mFARS) scores between 20 and 80 were randomized 1:1 to receive placebo or omaveloxolone 150 mg daily. Omaveloxolone resulted in statistically significant lower mFARS scores (less impairment) compared with placebo at Week 48. The placebo-corrected difference between the 2 groups was -2.41 points with a p-value of 0.0138. […] Efficacy of treatment persisted at 72 weeks and 124 weeks.

• #1 Update on the Treatment of Ataxia: Medication and Emerging Therapies

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7851298/

  While rehabilitation therapies always help patients with ataxia, there are currently no FDA-approved treatments for ataxia. […] The pipeline of emerging therapies for symptomatic and possible disease-modifying management of ataxia gives hope that we will soon see the first of many FDA-approved drugs for ataxic illnesses. […] Stopping or slowing of disease progression, however, for any of the types of ataxia, depends on finding the specific causal mechanisms and the disease-modifying therapies that target them. […] There are several symptomatic drugs in development for cerebellar ataxia, all directed at improving Purkinje cell function. […] Riluzole, a small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (SK channel) opener and glutamate transporter enhancer, mitigated deficits in a rat model of ataxia via reducing over-excitability of Purkinje neurons.

• #1 Update on the Treatment of Ataxia: Medication and Emerging Therapies

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7851298/

  IntraBio Inc. is studying a new formulation (N-acetyl-l-leucine) of acetyl dl leucine used in France for 60 years for vertigo under the brand name Tanganil, which may regulate the membrane potential of cerebellar Purkinje cells and influence motor control and adaptive vestibularcerebellar mechanisms. […] Understanding of the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in cerebellar ataxia is a strong lead to the development of disease-modifying therapies. […] It is unlikely that there will be one magic bullet that will control all the processes above and be approved as the cure for ataxia.

• #1 Friedreich Ataxia Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1150420-treatment

  This drug was known to suppress posthypoxic action myoclonus. The rationale for use of the drug in FA was that FA may in part be due to a cerebellar deficiency of serotonin. […] The results of a double-blind, cross-over study by Trouillas et al demonstrated that the levorotatory form of 5-hydroxytryptophan was able to significantly modify the cerebellar symptoms in patients with FA; however, the effect was only partial and not clinically major. […] A study by Wessel demonstrated stabilization of posture in patients receiving long-term treatment with 5-hydroxytryptophan and a clear deterioration in patients who did not receive the treatment. This form of treatment requires further study. […] Coenzyme Q is an antioxidant that can buffer free radical formation that is induced by excess mitochondrial iron. A combined coenzyme Q (400 mg/d) and vitamin E (2100 IU/d) therapy has been used in a study of 10 patients with slowing of the progression of certain clinical features and a significant improvement in cardiac function.

• #1 Friedreich Ataxia Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1150420-treatment

  Co-enzyme Q10 and idebenone were recently reviewed once again by Parkinson et al in 2013. […] Prior randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial by Lynch et al did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the placebo and idebenone on the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale. […] Tomassini et al (2012) have revealed that in vivo treatment with interferon-gamma increases frataxin expression in dorsal root ganglia neurons, prevents their pathological changes, and ameliorates the sensorimotor performance in FA mice. These results disclose new roles for interferon-gamma in cellular metabolism and have direct implications for the treatment of FA. […] Pandolfo et al have recently reviewed the utility of deferiprone with specific regard to its iron chelating properties and clinical benefits.

• #1 Ataxia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ataxia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355655

  You might benefit from certain therapies, including: Physical therapy to help with coordination and enhance mobility. Occupational therapy to help with daily living tasks, such as feeding yourself. Speech therapy to improve speech and aid swallowing. […] Some studies have found that aerobic and strength exercises may be beneficial for some people with ataxia.

• #1 Physical Therapy for Ataxia | Treatment – OneRehab

  https://onerehab.com/ataxia/

  Ataxia therapy will also involve adjusting a patient’s environment, helping them overcome everyday challenges. […] Apart from occupational therapy, ataxia physical therapy also helps patients manage this condition. The goal of physical therapy is to prolong the ability to walk and increase the quality of life, so ataxia treatment through physical therapy can be effective. […] Gait training exercises facilitate a sense of motion, balance, and position.

• #1 11 Exercises for Ataxia Patients – National Ataxia Foundation

  https://www.ataxia.org/11-exercises-for-ataxia-patients/

  NAF has launched a petition on Change.org calling on the FDA to prioritize treatment options for rare diseases with urgent unmet needs, including Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA). […] Neuromotor exercises and physical therapy focusing on coordination and balance has been shown to improve or halt the progression of functional decline and are the mainstay treatments for Ataxia. […] The evidence has shown that balance training could improve the quality of walking as well as reduce the risk of falls. […] Therefore, Dr. Chen-Ya Yang, Geraldine Yu and I have created this web page which consists of video clips and instructions of various exercises of differing levels of challenge for patients with Ataxia. This can serve as a tool for healthcare professionals to help design home exercise programs and also be utilized as a guide for patients to follow along and exercise with at home.

• #1

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9648943/

  Cerebellar ataxias comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, which can be acquired, degenerative, or have a genetic cause, such as spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA). […] Rehabilitation treatment includes physical therapy, respiratory therapy, speech, voice and swallowing therapy, occupational therapy, and new technologies, such as the use of exergames. […] The current treatment of patients with cerebellar ataxias, especially neurodegenerative forms, genetic or not, should include these different forms of rehabilitation, with the main objective of improving the quality of life of patients. […] Some studies suggest that rehabilitation may improve some symptoms, quality of life, and independence in patients with cerebellar ataxia. […] An intensive rehabilitation program can partially overcome impaired motor function and serve as valuable therapeutic strategy for patients with cerebellar ataxia.

• #1 Ataxia

  https://stiwell.medel.com/neurology/ataxia

  In all cases, intensive therapeutic care is particularly important in order to minimise the impact of ataxia on the patients daily routine and social life. […] The cause of ataxia can be treated in acquired ataxias, if at all. Otherwise, the focus is on regular professional counselling and/or treatment. Rehabilitative measures, such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy or speech therapy, focus on active coordination support. […] Daily coordination training at home with short exercise sessions (about 20 min. each) is recommended for patients with ataxia in order to achieve optimal therapy results. […] Functional electrical stimulation can be combined with everyday activities to improve coordination in patients with ataxia.

• #1

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9648943/

  The evidence suggests that rehabilitation improves function, mobility, ataxia, and balance in adults and provides promising results for children. […] Knowing that coordination and balance exercises are beneficial for ataxic patients, we face the challenge of: 1. finding ways to adapt the routine of patients and keep them engaged in a continuous, varied, and effective training; 2. adapting training to the specific needs of each patient according to disease stage, age, and interests; 3. keeping patients in intensive exercise practice; 4. designing studies with long-term follow-up; and 5. integrating the rehabilitation program into clinical practice. […] Coordination and balance exercises or other exercise modalities, as well as new interventions (such as transcranial magnetic stimulation) need to be studied with higher methodological quality to confirm or refute their indication and to determine the best practice for the treatment of individuals with ataxia.

• #1

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9648943/

  Although the level of evidence of articles on rehabilitation of patients with ataxia are not usually high, there is almost a consensus among specialists that early rehabilitation is beneficial for these patients in long-term. Further investigations are definitely needed to better determine the most effective rehabilitation approaches and which patients are likely to benefit from earlier and more intensive rehabilitation.

• #1 Ataxia: Definition, Types, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/ataxia

  With this type of therapy, a speech therapist will teach you techniques to help make your speech clearer. […] Occupational therapy teaches you various strategies that you can use to make it easier to do your day-to-day activities. […] Sometimes, treating the underlying cause can relieve ataxia symptoms. Medications, assistive devices, and physical therapy are other options that may help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

• #1 Ataxia: Definition, Types, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/ataxia

  Ataxia can be grouped according to which part of the nervous system is affected. The location of nerve damage tends to be associated with particular symptoms of ataxia. […] The specific treatment will depend on the type of ataxia and how severe it is. In some cases of acquired ataxia, treating the underlying cause, such as an infection or a vitamin deficiency, can ease symptoms. […] Theres no cure for many kinds of ataxia. However, there are several interventions that may help ease or manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life. […] Some medications can help treat the symptoms that occur with ataxia. […] Assistive devices can include things like wheelchairs and walkers to help with mobility. Communication aids can help with speaking. […] Physical therapy can help you with mobility and balance. It can also help you maintain muscle strength and flexibility.

• #1 Ataxia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ataxia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355652

  Lasting ataxia usually results from damage to the part of the brain that controls muscle coordination, known as the cerebellum. […] Treatment for ataxia depends on the cause. Devices such as walkers and canes might help maintain independence. These also are called adaptive devices. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and regular exercise also might help.

• #1 Ataxia After Stroke Explained Along with Treatment Options.

  https://www.stroke-rehab.com/ataxia.html

  Various adaptive equipment options are available to help improve mobility, coordination, and independence. These tools and devices are designed to compensate for the balance, coordination, and fine motor control challenges associated with ataxia. Below are some common types of adaptive equipment used by individuals with ataxia. […] If you’re having muscle spasms, cramps and stiffness because of ataxia, medication for relaxing muscles may be used to control these symptoms. Discuss medication options with your MD. Medications may be available to treat other problems caused by or associated with ataxia including depression, dizziness, fatigue, uncoordinated movement, thinking disorders, abnormal eye movements, overactive bladder, restless legs, sleeping disorders, stiffness, spasticity and more. For information about various medications used for ataxia symptoms and related disorders, visit https://ataxia.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Medications_for_ataxia_symptoms.pdf.

• #1 Ataxia | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/neurology/parkinsons-disease-and-movement-disorders/ataxia

  Weakness and spasticity contribute to the difficulties the patient may experience in ataxia. Physical therapy to maximize strength and flexibility are helpful. General physical therapy and regular exercise are highly recommended. Early therapy may help patients avoid developing contractures. Patients with ataxia can benefit from gait training during the earlier stages of the disease. Adaptive devices such as canes, wheelchairs and communication aids can help. Adjustments at home can be discussed with the occupational therapist. Speech therapy can be helpful for some patients. […] Of note, people with cerebellar ataxia frequently demonstrate non-motor symptoms, including cognitive deficits (primarily on executive dysfunction, language, and visuoconstruction), depression, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep disorder. The degree of quality of life influence could be even higher than the motor symptoms. Effectively screening and catching the non-motor symptoms of cerebellar ataxia is of importance for patient care. Care of the bed-ridden patient in advanced stages of progressive ataxia is very important. Skincare and eventual placement of PEG tube (feeding tube) in patients with swallowing difficulties will help prevent lung infections.

• #1 Friedreich’s ataxia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/friedreichs-ataxia

  Friedreichs ataxia is a relatively rare inherited disease of the nervous system characterised by the gradual loss of coordination. […] There is no cure, but some of the symptoms can be managed with medication and physical therapy. […] Treatment aims to ease some of the symptoms and may include: exercise, such as aquatic physical therapy to prolong the ability to walk and to help with balance, flexibility and accuracy of limb movements; regular heart monitoring; regular assessment of ataxia and muscle weakness to enable the appropriate referral to the required specialists; speech and language pathology to assist with speech difficulties; maintaining a healthy weight for your height; orthopaedic aids; protective foot care; adaptations to the home, such as wheelchair access ramps; physiotherapy; medication to reduce muscle tremors and spasms; medication to treat heart palpitations; medication, such as insulin, to treat diabetes; surgery to correct abnormal spine curvatures. […] Research into the function of the deficient protein, frataxin, may offer potential for future beneficial treatments.

• #1 Occupational Therapy For Spinocerebellar Ataxia: An Overview | Plexus

  https://plexusnc.com/occupational-therapy-for-spinocerebellar-ataxia-an-overview/

  There is currently no cure for Spinocerebellar Ataxia, although Ataxia treatment can significantly improve the symptoms for the patient. […] A tailored rehabilitation program with the right exercises has been demonstrated to slow down the progression of Ataxia and improve coordination and balance. […] In conclusion, given the role of appropriate Ataxia treatment in determining outcomes for patients, starting Occupational Therapy early is crucial.

• #1

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9648943/

  Occupational therapy should be prescribed and adapted to the specific needs of the patient with ataxia. […] Although the benefits of this intervention have been described, many issues remain unanswered such as: how long, how frequent, how intense, and what modalities should be prescribed. […] Further studies on speech articulation and swallowing may improve our knowledge on degenerative or other causes of ataxia. Early rehabilitation may also maintain the best possible communication at each stage of the disease, preserve social interaction, and increase swallowing safety to prevent complications related to aspiration and malnutrition. […] In conclusion, cerebellar ataxias are a heterogeneous and complex group of disorders characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms that poses major challenges to neurologists and other health providers involved in patient care and rehabilitation. While there is no curative treatment for the vast majority of both genetic and acquired cases of ataxia, rehabilitation including motor and respiratory physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy is an essential component of patient care.

• #1 Ataxia After Stroke Explained Along with Treatment Options.

  https://www.stroke-rehab.com/ataxia.html

  The speech therapist can help strengthen muscles used in speech and swallowing, teach breathing exercises to improve speech, teach patients to speak more slowly, recommend modifications to one’s diet for safe swallowing, and advise patients about adaptive communication devices if needed. […] The physical therapist can work on improving gait, balance, and strength. For some examples of physical therapy exercises that can be done with ataxia, visit https://ataxia.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Coordinative_Physiotherapy.pdf. Make sure to consult with your MD or therapist before attempting any exercises to make sure the exercises are safe and appropriate for you. […] The occupational therapist can introduce adaptive equipment to help compensate for decreased coordination as well as teach fine motor and upper extremity coordination exercises.

• #1 Friedreich’s Ataxia: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23084-friedreichs-ataxia-fa

  In 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first medication specifically for Friedreichs ataxia omaveloxolone (SKYCLARYS) for people aged 16 and older. Studies show this medication can help improve neurological function and ataxia. Research is ongoing to understand the possible long-term effects of omaveloxolone. […] Omaveloxolone isnt a cure for FA. Aside from this medication, the main goal of treatment is to improve symptoms and complications of FA to maintain optimal functioning for as long as possible. This kind of therapy may include: Physical therapy to prolong muscle function and improve coordination, balance, strength and stabilization. Speech therapy to help re-train your childs tongue and facial muscles to improve speech and swallowing. Corrective braces or surgery for orthopaedic issues, like foot deformities and scoliosis. Medication for certain heart conditions, if present. Medication for diabetes, if present. Pain management therapies. Antibiotics to prevent or treat infections. Mobility support devices, such as orthopaedic shoes, canes and wheelchairs. Heart transplantation if you have a milder form of FA but significant cardiomyopathy. […] Friedreichs ataxia affects everyone differently and at different rates. Your childs healthcare team will develop an individualized plan for therapy that will change as your child grows.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ataxia/treatment/

  Cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart muscle) is a common problem in some types of ataxia. […] Living with a long-term condition such as ataxia can be stressful and can often cause intense feelings of anxiety. […] In a few cases of ataxia, it may be possible to improve the condition or stop it getting worse by treating the underlying cause. […] Ataxia UK is a charity for people living with ataxia.

• #1 Treatable Ataxias – Ataxia UK

  https://www.ataxia.org.uk/healthcare-professionals/resources-for-healthcare-professionals/medical-guidelines/medical-interventions/treatable-ataxias/

  Some patients have shown benefit from the use of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, however this has only been shown in case reports or small trials. […] Patients diagnosed with ataxia with vitamin E deficiency should be treated with vitamin E supplements. […] Patients diagnosed with ataxia with Vitamin B12 deficiency should be treated with Vitamin B12. […] Patients diagnosed with ataxia with CoQ10 deficiency should be treated with CoQ10 supplements. […] If cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is diagnosed treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid is recommended. […] If NPC is diagnosed refer promptly to a Specialist Centre for treatment and management. […] Treatment with Miglustat is recommended in both adult and paediatric cases and is available in Specialist Centres.

• #1 Treatable Ataxias – Ataxia UK

  https://www.ataxia.org.uk/healthcare-professionals/resources-for-healthcare-professionals/medical-guidelines/medical-interventions/treatable-ataxias/

  Gluten ataxia (GA) has been defined as a sporadic otherwise idiopathic cerebellar ataxia associated with the presence of serological evidence of gluten sensitivity (usually antigliadin IgA or IgG with or without endomysium and transglutaminase antibodies) and has been shown in a one-year controlled trial to be responsive to a gluten-free diet. […] For those patients with gluten ataxia who also have an enteropathy, the recommendation is that they should go on a gluten-free diet without delay. For those patients with ataxia and no enteropathy, but with serological evidence of gluten sensitivity, it is advisable to recommend a gluten-free diet with dietetic advice and close monitoring. […] The trial mentioned above did demonstrate that even those patients without enteropathy benefited from a gluten-free diet. Patients should however be made to understand that such benefit can only be seen with strict adherence to the diet, with evidence of elimination of the antibodies (that need to be tested on a six-monthly basis). Any improvement in ataxia or stabilisation of symptoms usually manifests within a year on a strict diet.

• #1 Friedreich Ataxia Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1150420-treatment

  Standard treatment is administered for heart failure, arrhythmias, and diabetes mellitus. […] High-dose propranolol has been described in a case report by Kosutic with reduction in thickness of the septal and posterior left ventricular walls and with complete normalization of diffuse electrocardiographic repolarization abnormalities. […] Li et al have shown that therapeutic efforts should focus on an approach that combines iron removal from mitochondria with a treatment that increases cytosolic iron levels to maximize residual frataxin expression in patients with FA. […] The other therapies that have been used are as follows: […] 5-Hydroxytryptophan is a serotonin precursor that has been used for a decade or more by Trouillas et al to treat various forms of ataxia with mixed results.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Ataxia-Treatment.aspx

  Physiotherapy helps prevent muscles from weakening or becoming stiff and spastic. This is achieved with a number of physical exercises that strengthen the muscles and maintain flexibility. Special braces may be prescribed to stretch the muscles. […] A nutrition advisor may help develop a diet plan for these patients. With worsening swallowing reflexes, eating becomes difficult resulting in malnutrition. A diet plan that includes healthy and balanced options helps prevent malnutrition. […] Occupational therapy helps the patient maintain as much self sufficiency and independence as possible for as long as possible. It helps patients adapt to their gradual loss of mobility and develop new skills to perform daily activities independently. […] Patients with muscle spasms, cramps, pain and stiffness are treated with medications that are termed muscle relaxants. These agents include baclofen or tizanidine. Muscles can be loosened up by injections of botulinum toxin or botox as well. The effects of the injection normally last for up to three months. […] Depression may be treated using antidepressant medications as well as cognitive behavioral therapy. […] The recommended treatment for acquired ataxia depends of the cause of the ataxia. Ataxias caused due to infections for example may be treated with antibiotics.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13311-020-00941-3

  IntraBio Inc. is studying a new formulation (N-acetyl-l-leucine) of acetyl dl leucine used in France for 60 years for vertigo under the brand name Tanganil, which may regulate the membrane potential of cerebellar Purkinje cells and influence motor control and adaptive vestibularcerebellar mechanisms. […] Understanding of the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in cerebellar ataxia is a strong lead to the development of disease-modifying therapies. […] Neurodegenerative movement disorders with suspected secondary mitochondrial dysfunction (Huntingtons disease, spinocerebellar ataxia) have had mitochondrial enhancement proposed as a neuroprotective strategy to reduce oxidative stress, sustain energy production, and delay nerve cell death. […] A phase 1/2a open-label study of intravenous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell treatment in 6 patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 demonstrated good safety and tolerability over 1 year with plans to conduct a larger, controlled trial in the future. […] It is unlikely that there will be one magic bullet that will control all the processes above and be approved as the cure for ataxia.

• #1 Stem Cell Treatment for Ataxia

  https://beikecelltherapy.com/treatments/stem-cell-treatment-ataxia/

  A combination of stem cells and extensive therapies giving the patient real chances of improvement. […] Stem Cell Treatment however offers hope, with studies showing stem cell therapy can slow or stop the progression of spinocerebellar ataxias. […] Given the proven benefits of stem cell therapy in multiple conditions, including many genetic disorders, many studies have aimed to test the efficacy of stem cell treatment in the most common forms of hereditary ataxia that lack a curative therapy namely Spinocerebellar ataxia and Friedreichs ataxia. […] In patients with hereditary ataxias, stem cell therapy has proven to stop, or at least delay, disease progression. […] Few conventional treatment options are available for patients diagnosed with ataxia, which mostly focus on alleviating the symptoms. None of them are actually treating the loss of neurological function caused by cell degeneration in the cerebellum, brain stem and/or spinal cord. Stem cells have the ability to regenerate injured cells in the body, helping to reduce/reverse the symptoms and allowing ataxia patients to improve.

• #1 Stem Cell Treatment for Ataxia | Swiss Medica

  https://www.startstemcells.com/ataxia-disease-treatment.html

  Swiss Medica offers potent options to improve the results of stem cell treatment in patients suffering from ataxia. […] The safety of stem cell treatment has been shown in several studies related to patients with different pathologies. […] Studies have shown that stem cell treatment for cerebellar ataxia has not led to any adverse events.

• #1 Ataxia New Treatment: Groundbreaking Advances

  https://drchandrilchugh.com/ataxia/ataxia-new-treatment-groundbreaking-advances/

  Recent research has brought about groundbreaking advances in the field of ataxia treatment, offering new hope for patients in India and around the world. […] Clinical trials evaluating these new treatments have shown promising results, with improvements in motor function and overall quality of life for patients. […] Advances in genetic research have opened up new possibilities for the treatment of ataxia, offering hope for improved outcomes for individuals living with this challenging condition. […] There are several emerging therapeutic approaches being explored for the treatment of ataxia. These innovative therapies show promise in slowing down the progression of ataxia and improving symptoms in affected individuals. […] Clinical trials play a vital role in evaluating the safety and efficacy of new treatments for ataxia.

• #1 Ataxia – Focused Ultrasound Foundation

  https://www.fusfoundation.org/diseases-and-conditions/ataxia/

  Focused ultrasound is a noninvasive, therapeutic technology with the potential to improve the quality of life and decrease the cost of care for patients with ataxia. This novel technology focuses beams of ultrasound energy precisely and accurately on targets deep in the body without damaging surrounding normal tissue. […] The conventional treatment for ataxia is supportive, with physical therapy and occupational therapy being the main items. […] For certain patients, focused ultrasound could provide a more effective alternative to patients with this disease. […] Focused ultrasound treatment for ataxia is not yet approved by regulatory bodies or covered by medical insurance companies.

• #1 Treatment and Care – Ataxia UK

  https://www.ataxia.org.uk/treatment-and-care/

  Although there is currently no cure for ataxia, there are a number of treatments available to help with the symptoms people experience. Medications are available, for example; for muscle spasms, tremors, bladder problems, abnormal eye movements and depression. Cardiac problems seen in Friedreichs ataxia are also treatable. Certain types of therapy can also help. […] We recommend that people with progressive ataxia be seen regularly by a neurologist (at least annually), who can monitor the condition and provide help with any new problems that may have emerged. It also provides an opportunity to hear about any new medical advances. […] Specialist neurologists and nurses who have expertise in ataxia hold appointments with people with ataxia, as well as conduct research towards finding treatments and cures. […] Your healthcare professional can also join our Medical Registry, through which they’ll receive an e-newsletter full of updates about new treatments and healthcare advice for ataxia.

• #1 What is Ataxia? – National Ataxia Foundation

  https://www.ataxia.org/what-is-ataxia/

  Staying active for as long as possible is an important part of the treatment plan for people with Ataxia. […] Common symptoms associated with Ataxia are listed below with the off-label medications that have been used to treat them. […] NAF provides support and funding to the world’s greatest Ataxia scientists. We continue to collaborate with top researchers, looking for better treatment options and a cure. Learn more about current research opportunities and clinical trials for Ataxia on our research page.

• #1 Help Develop New Treatments – National Ataxia Foundation

  https://www.ataxia.org/help-develop-new-treatments/

  NAF has launched a petition on Change.org calling on the FDA to prioritize treatment options for rare diseases with urgent unmet needs, including Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA). […] Participating in a research study or clinical trial is one way to take an active role in furthering understanding and treatment of Ataxia. It is also a way to get access to new treatment options before they are widely available. […] NAF is committed to providing information to those affected by Ataxia including the availability of research studies and clinical trials for the study of Ataxia. […] Interventional clinical trials involve testing a drug, medical device, activity, or procedure. The study aims to figure out if a new treatment improves symptoms or slows disease progression. […] Observational clinical studies collect information about disease progression over time. There is no drug or treatment involved in these types of studies. Observational studies are important for understanding symptoms and the patient experience. These studies support future drug development. […] The CoRDS Registry was established to facilitate the establishment of rare disease registries for all rare diseases with a specific questionnaire for those with any type of Ataxia or those at risk for Ataxia.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ataxia/

  In most cases, there’s no cure for ataxia and supportive treatment to control the symptoms is necessary. […] This may include: […] speech and language therapy to help with speech and swallowing problems […] physiotherapy to help with movement problems […] occupational therapy to help you cope with the day-to-day problems […] medication to control muscle, bladder, heart and eye problems. […] In a few cases, it’s possible to improve ataxia or stop it getting worse by treating the underlying cause.

• #2 Ataxia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ataxia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355652

  Lasting ataxia usually results from damage to the part of the brain that controls muscle coordination, known as the cerebellum. […] Treatment for ataxia depends on the cause. Devices such as walkers and canes might help maintain independence. These also are called adaptive devices. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and regular exercise also might help.

• #2 Ataxia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17748-ataxia

  Ataxia can happen in different ways, each with slightly different effects. […] The treatments for ataxia depend on why it happens in the first place. Some of the causes, especially the temporary ones like alcohol intoxication, may not need any treatment. Others may only need minor treatments, such as vitamin supplements for a vitamin B12 deficiency. […] Your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you what kind of treatments are possible and likely to help you. […] In many cases, people develop ataxia symptoms because theyre tired or stressed. In these cases, rest and downtime are all you need. […] There are some preventable causes of ataxia. However, many of the causes happen unpredictably, so you cant avoid or prevent them. […] The following causes of ataxia are usually but not always preventable: Alcohol intoxication (being drunk). You can avoid ataxia from this by drinking in moderation or not at all. […] There are certain warning signs that ataxia is happening because of a more severe problem that needs medical attention. […] Your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you more about why you have this symptom and your options for treatment.

• #2 Ataxia Treatments | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/neurosciences/movement-disorders/ataxia/treatments

  At the Northwestern Medicine Ataxia Center, we work with clinicians who are experts and have special training on ataxia. Our goal is to create a care plan for your specific needs to improve your quality of life. […] Treatment of ataxia depends on the underlying cause. A specific treatment can be established when ataxia is caused by a medical or neurological disease such as: […] When ataxia from genetic or unknown causes, there is no definitive cure. Clinical research is testing different compounds that may help slowing down the progression of ataxia. Some antioxidants include vitamin E and coenzyme Q10. In addition, researchers are testing some medication to use in same rare forms of genetic ataxias. These include zolpidem in SCA2, and acetazolamide and phenytoin in some types of episodic ataxia.

• #2 Ataxia: Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/neuro/parkinsons-disease-movement-disorders/ataxia/treatment

  Physical, occupational, speech, swallowing, and nutritional therapy can all help patients with ataxia maintain self-sufficiency and independence for as long as possible. […] NewYork-Presbyterian is home to some of the worlds most renowned neurologists and neurosurgeons. Our physicians understand that dealing with ataxia is not just a concern for the patient, but that their families and loved ones are also affected. The compassionate neurological health care professionals at NewYork-Presbyterian are constantly searching for innovative ways to improve the lives of our patients with ataxia.

• #2 Update on the Treatment of Ataxia: Medication and Emerging Therapies

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7851298/

  While rehabilitation therapies always help patients with ataxia, there are currently no FDA-approved treatments for ataxia. […] The pipeline of emerging therapies for symptomatic and possible disease-modifying management of ataxia gives hope that we will soon see the first of many FDA-approved drugs for ataxic illnesses. […] Stopping or slowing of disease progression, however, for any of the types of ataxia, depends on finding the specific causal mechanisms and the disease-modifying therapies that target them. […] There are several symptomatic drugs in development for cerebellar ataxia, all directed at improving Purkinje cell function. […] Riluzole, a small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (SK channel) opener and glutamate transporter enhancer, mitigated deficits in a rat model of ataxia via reducing over-excitability of Purkinje neurons.

• #2 Physical Therapy for Ataxia | Treatment – OneRehab

  https://onerehab.com/ataxia/

  Get customized ataxia physical therapy and occupational therapy treatment from our clinic. We provide both physical and occupational therapy services to help you lead a more independent life. […] Our ataxia therapy services help to improve motor skills. […] Treatment for ataxia involves a combination of medication to treat symptoms and therapy to improve quality of life. […] Staying active is a vital part of the treatment plan for those with ataxia. […] Therapy is used to help symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, depression, spasticity, and more. Physical therapy may be used to improve coordination and mobility. Ataxia occupational therapy may be used to improve daily living tasks, such as feeding. […] Occupational therapy interventions for ataxia helps with the management of the disease.

• #2 Treatable Ataxias – Ataxia UK

  https://www.ataxia.org.uk/healthcare-professionals/resources-for-healthcare-professionals/medical-guidelines/medical-interventions/treatable-ataxias/

  Some patients have shown benefit from the use of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, however this has only been shown in case reports or small trials. […] Patients diagnosed with ataxia with vitamin E deficiency should be treated with vitamin E supplements. […] Patients diagnosed with ataxia with Vitamin B12 deficiency should be treated with Vitamin B12. […] Patients diagnosed with ataxia with CoQ10 deficiency should be treated with CoQ10 supplements. […] If cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is diagnosed treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid is recommended. […] If NPC is diagnosed refer promptly to a Specialist Centre for treatment and management. […] Treatment with Miglustat is recommended in both adult and paediatric cases and is available in Specialist Centres.

• #2 FDA approves first treatment for Friedreich’s ataxia | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/drugs/news-events-human-drugs/fda-approves-first-treatment-friedreichs-ataxia

  FDA has approved Skyclarys (omaveloxolone) as the first treatment for Friedreichs ataxia, a rare, inherited, degenerative disease that damages the nervous system, characterized by impaired coordination and walking. […] The efficacy and safety of Skyclarys to treat Friedreichs ataxia was evaluated in a 48-week randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind study [Study 1 (NCT02255435)] and an open-label extension. […] Individuals receiving Skyclarys performed better on the mFARS than people receiving placebo. […] In a post hoc analysis, individuals who continued treatment with Skyclarys in an open-label extension for up to three years performed better on the mFARS compared to a matched set of untreated patients from a natural history study.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13311-020-00941-3

  While rehabilitation therapies always help patients with ataxia, there are currently no FDA-approved treatments for ataxia. […] The pipeline of emerging therapies for symptomatic and possible disease-modifying management of ataxia gives hope that we will soon see the first of many FDA-approved drugs for ataxic illnesses. […] Stopping or slowing of disease progression, however, for any of the types of ataxia, depends on finding the specific causal mechanisms and the disease-modifying therapies that target them. […] There are several symptomatic drugs in development for cerebellar ataxia, all directed at improving Purkinje cell function. […] Riluzole, a small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (SK channel) opener and glutamate transporter enhancer, mitigated deficits in a rat model of ataxia via reducing over-excitability of Purkinje neurons.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13311-020-00941-3

  IntraBio Inc. is studying a new formulation (N-acetyl-l-leucine) of acetyl dl leucine used in France for 60 years for vertigo under the brand name Tanganil, which may regulate the membrane potential of cerebellar Purkinje cells and influence motor control and adaptive vestibularcerebellar mechanisms. […] Understanding of the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in cerebellar ataxia is a strong lead to the development of disease-modifying therapies. […] Neurodegenerative movement disorders with suspected secondary mitochondrial dysfunction (Huntingtons disease, spinocerebellar ataxia) have had mitochondrial enhancement proposed as a neuroprotective strategy to reduce oxidative stress, sustain energy production, and delay nerve cell death. […] A phase 1/2a open-label study of intravenous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell treatment in 6 patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 demonstrated good safety and tolerability over 1 year with plans to conduct a larger, controlled trial in the future. […] It is unlikely that there will be one magic bullet that will control all the processes above and be approved as the cure for ataxia.

• #2 Friedreich Ataxia Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1150420-treatment

  Experimental studies are underway to evaluate the use of coenzyme Q derivatives in limiting the toxicity of iron to mitochondrial structures. […] Idebenone has been used as therapy for Friedreich ataxia for more than a decade. At present, several studies have assessed the influence of therapy on neurologic or cardiac function. […] The effect of intermediate-dose idebenone (20 mg/kg/d) on quality of life and neurologic function was assessed in a recent study by Brandsema et al. […] The scores on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory were universally worse after 1 year and correlated with decreased activities of daily living scores. However, there was a trend toward improved total, emotional, social, and school components of quality of life scores after 1 year of idebenone therapy. […] There was no statistically significant change in Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory scores between baseline and 1 year of idebenone therapy. Functional ability, as measured by activities of daily living scores, seems to have the most influence on the physical quality of life.

• #2 Friedreich Ataxia Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1150420-treatment

  In a study done by Elincx-Benizri et al, the authors presented their experience of 5 FA patients treated with deferiprone (20 mg/kg/day), in addition to idebenone treatment, followed over a period of 10-24 months, under off-label authorization. The authors concluded that combination therapy of a low dose of deferiprone with idebenone is relatively safe and might improve neurological function and heart hypertrophy. […] However, future studies are needed.

• #2 Ataxia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ataxia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355655

  You might benefit from certain therapies, including: Physical therapy to help with coordination and enhance mobility. Occupational therapy to help with daily living tasks, such as feeding yourself. Speech therapy to improve speech and aid swallowing. […] Some studies have found that aerobic and strength exercises may be beneficial for some people with ataxia.

• #2 11 Exercises for Ataxia Patients – National Ataxia Foundation

  https://www.ataxia.org/11-exercises-for-ataxia-patients/

  NAF has launched a petition on Change.org calling on the FDA to prioritize treatment options for rare diseases with urgent unmet needs, including Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA). […] Neuromotor exercises and physical therapy focusing on coordination and balance has been shown to improve or halt the progression of functional decline and are the mainstay treatments for Ataxia. […] The evidence has shown that balance training could improve the quality of walking as well as reduce the risk of falls. […] Therefore, Dr. Chen-Ya Yang, Geraldine Yu and I have created this web page which consists of video clips and instructions of various exercises of differing levels of challenge for patients with Ataxia. This can serve as a tool for healthcare professionals to help design home exercise programs and also be utilized as a guide for patients to follow along and exercise with at home.

• #2 Ataxia | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/neurology/parkinsons-disease-and-movement-disorders/ataxia

  Weakness and spasticity contribute to the difficulties the patient may experience in ataxia. Physical therapy to maximize strength and flexibility are helpful. General physical therapy and regular exercise are highly recommended. Early therapy may help patients avoid developing contractures. Patients with ataxia can benefit from gait training during the earlier stages of the disease. Adaptive devices such as canes, wheelchairs and communication aids can help. Adjustments at home can be discussed with the occupational therapist. Speech therapy can be helpful for some patients. […] Of note, people with cerebellar ataxia frequently demonstrate non-motor symptoms, including cognitive deficits (primarily on executive dysfunction, language, and visuoconstruction), depression, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep disorder. The degree of quality of life influence could be even higher than the motor symptoms. Effectively screening and catching the non-motor symptoms of cerebellar ataxia is of importance for patient care. Care of the bed-ridden patient in advanced stages of progressive ataxia is very important. Skincare and eventual placement of PEG tube (feeding tube) in patients with swallowing difficulties will help prevent lung infections.

• #2 Occupational Therapy For Spinocerebellar Ataxia: An Overview | Plexus

  https://plexusnc.com/occupational-therapy-for-spinocerebellar-ataxia-an-overview/

  Spinocerebellar Ataxia is a genetic neurodegenerative condition for which there is currently no cure, although it can be managed to a large extent with treatment. The most effective Ataxia treatment involves symptom-based rehabilitation to help the patient overcome individual impairments and be as functional as possible. […] Occupational Therapy is a form of Ataxia treatment in which the patient learns how to independently perform tasks like eating, washing, and getting dressed. […] The objective of Ataxia Occupational Therapy is to help the patient be as independent as possible, in terms of both necessary personal activities and recreational pastimes. […] Treatment options for Spinocerebellar Ataxia include Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy, Cell Therapy, Nutritive Cell Therapy, and Neurorehabilitation.

• #2 Friedreich’s Ataxia: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23084-friedreichs-ataxia-fa

  In 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first medication specifically for Friedreichs ataxia omaveloxolone (SKYCLARYS) for people aged 16 and older. Studies show this medication can help improve neurological function and ataxia. Research is ongoing to understand the possible long-term effects of omaveloxolone. […] Omaveloxolone isnt a cure for FA. Aside from this medication, the main goal of treatment is to improve symptoms and complications of FA to maintain optimal functioning for as long as possible. This kind of therapy may include: Physical therapy to prolong muscle function and improve coordination, balance, strength and stabilization. Speech therapy to help re-train your childs tongue and facial muscles to improve speech and swallowing. Corrective braces or surgery for orthopaedic issues, like foot deformities and scoliosis. Medication for certain heart conditions, if present. Medication for diabetes, if present. Pain management therapies. Antibiotics to prevent or treat infections. Mobility support devices, such as orthopaedic shoes, canes and wheelchairs. Heart transplantation if you have a milder form of FA but significant cardiomyopathy. […] Friedreichs ataxia affects everyone differently and at different rates. Your childs healthcare team will develop an individualized plan for therapy that will change as your child grows.

• #2 Ataxia Treatments | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/neurosciences/movement-disorders/ataxia/treatments

  If you have ataxia, you can improve your quality of life by following a care plan to maximize your individual skills and overcome barriers and limitations. […] We encourage people with ataxia to work with a physical therapist for gait training and to improve their strength and flexibility. A speech-language pathologist can help you improve communication if you have speech problems. Occupational therapists can help you stay as independent as possible. They can suggest home adjustments and strategies for self-care, feeding and other everyday activities. […] In addition, medications can relieve symptoms sometimes associated with ataxia such as: […] Medications […] Psychological Counseling and Support.

• #2 Ataxia After Stroke Explained Along with Treatment Options.

  https://www.stroke-rehab.com/ataxia.html

  The speech therapist can help strengthen muscles used in speech and swallowing, teach breathing exercises to improve speech, teach patients to speak more slowly, recommend modifications to one’s diet for safe swallowing, and advise patients about adaptive communication devices if needed. […] The physical therapist can work on improving gait, balance, and strength. For some examples of physical therapy exercises that can be done with ataxia, visit https://ataxia.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Coordinative_Physiotherapy.pdf. Make sure to consult with your MD or therapist before attempting any exercises to make sure the exercises are safe and appropriate for you. […] The occupational therapist can introduce adaptive equipment to help compensate for decreased coordination as well as teach fine motor and upper extremity coordination exercises.

• #2 Ataxia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/ataxia-types-brain-and-nervous-system

  Ataxia Treatment, therapy […] The best treatment for your ataxia symptoms depends on the type you have. There is no specific treatment for ataxia itself. If your ataxia is a symptom of another disorder or condition, your doctor will treat that disorder or condition. […] If the cause of your ataxia is an underlying condition that cant be cured or treated, your doctor can help you manage your symptoms. This may include medication and certain types of therapy. […] Medication can help address symptoms such as: […] […] A speech therapist can help address slurred speech and problems swallowing. For example, they can teach you exercises that strengthen the muscles you use when speaking, and they can help you use breathing techniques to improve your speech. […] To help you manage your symptoms, your doctor may also recommend: […]

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Ataxia-Treatment.aspx

  Physiotherapy helps prevent muscles from weakening or becoming stiff and spastic. This is achieved with a number of physical exercises that strengthen the muscles and maintain flexibility. Special braces may be prescribed to stretch the muscles. […] A nutrition advisor may help develop a diet plan for these patients. With worsening swallowing reflexes, eating becomes difficult resulting in malnutrition. A diet plan that includes healthy and balanced options helps prevent malnutrition. […] Occupational therapy helps the patient maintain as much self sufficiency and independence as possible for as long as possible. It helps patients adapt to their gradual loss of mobility and develop new skills to perform daily activities independently. […] Patients with muscle spasms, cramps, pain and stiffness are treated with medications that are termed muscle relaxants. These agents include baclofen or tizanidine. Muscles can be loosened up by injections of botulinum toxin or botox as well. The effects of the injection normally last for up to three months. […] Depression may be treated using antidepressant medications as well as cognitive behavioral therapy. […] The recommended treatment for acquired ataxia depends of the cause of the ataxia. Ataxias caused due to infections for example may be treated with antibiotics.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ataxia/

  In most cases, there’s no cure for ataxia and supportive treatment to control the symptoms is necessary. […] This may include: […] speech and language therapy to help with speech and swallowing problems […] physiotherapy to help with movement problems […] occupational therapy to help you cope with the day-to-day problems […] medication to control muscle, bladder, heart and eye problems. […] In a few cases, it’s possible to improve ataxia or stop it getting worse by treating the underlying cause.

• #2 Ataxia | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/neurology/parkinsons-disease-and-movement-disorders/ataxia

  Of all the movement disorders, ataxia is among the most resistant to medical therapy. Clonazepam may help tremor and balance problems. It has side effects such as sedation, fatigue or loss of libido among others. Other medications such as buspirone or 5-hydroxytryptophan have been studied but they have not been shown to be very beneficial. Phenytoin, an anticonvulsant, is useful for some episodic ataxias. Acetazolamide is useful in some of the rare forms of episodic ataxias. […] Genetic ataxias do not have any definitive treatments except for Friedreichs ataxia. In 2023, the US FDA approved omaveloxolone (Skyclarys), the first ataxia-specific treatment for Friedrich’s ataxia. The mechanism of omaveloxolone is to reduce inflammation through activation of the NrF2 transcription factor and downstream pathway, overall to improve mitochondrial function in Friedrich’s ataxia. The side effects are well tolerated, with the requirement of monitoring liver function test and lipid profile test every 3 months. Some of the disorders have been reported to be slowed by taking antioxidants such as vitamins A, E, B12, idebenone, and coenzyme Q10. Vitamin E is the treatment of choice in ataxia caused by vitamin E deficiency. Vitamin B12 or copper supplements are used to treat ataxia related to vitamin B12 or copper deficiency respectively. When associated with parkinsonism, such as seen in the cerebellar form of multiple system atrophy (MSA-C), levodopa may be helpful.

• #2 Diagnosis and management of progressive ataxia in adults | Practical Neurology

  https://pn.bmj.com/content/19/3/196

  In addition to rehabilitation therapies, there are specific complications of ataxia to seek and address. […] These interventions can significantly alleviate the problems of progressive ataxia and prevent complications, which are even potentially life threatening. […] Ataxias that are treatable are rare, except for gluten ataxia and other immune-mediated ataxias. […] In people with ataxia associated with antigliadin (and possibly more specific antibodies), we recommend a gluten-free diet even in the absence of enteropathy. […] The antibody titres should be repeated every 6 months to confirm their elimination (by strict adherence to the diet). […] Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency mimics Friedreichs ataxia (clinically and on MRI) and can be confirmed genetically. […] Patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis may develop chronic diarrhoea in infancy, and cataracts in the first decade.

• #2 Diagnosis and management of progressive ataxia in adults | Practical Neurology

  https://pn.bmj.com/content/19/3/196

  If confirmed (usually biochemically), then chenodeoxycholic acid treatment can stabilise or partially reverse the symptoms, or (if given very early) may even help the neurological complications. […] There are other treatable causes of ataxia, but these typically present in children and are usually managed in paediatric practice. […] The infographic summarises the potential symptoms that neurologists may need to address. […] The assessment and management of these complications are best done by involving therapy specialists, and multidisciplinary team working can greatly enhance patient care. […] The impact of cerebellar disease on cognition is not widely known but can significantly impact on morbidity. […] Given that most progressive ataxias are incurable, there are strikingly few published studies on their palliation and end-of-life care. […] The recommendations in these guidelines are drawn from the wider field of progressive neurological conditions.

• #2 Diagnosis and management of progressive ataxia in adults | Practical Neurology

  https://pn.bmj.com/content/19/3/196

  Progressive ataxia in adults can be difficult to diagnose, owing to its heterogeneity and the rarity of individual causes. […] This paper provides suggested diagnostic pathways for the general neurologist, based on Ataxia UKs guidelines for professionals. […] Finally, autoimmunity is probably an under-recognised cause of progressive ataxia: as well as patients with antigliadin antibodies there are smaller numbers with various antibodies, including some associated with cancer. […] There are a few treatable ataxias, but also symptomatic treatments to help people with the spectrum of complications that might accompany progressive ataxias. […] Ataxia management warrants a broad and multidisciplinary approach. […] Neurologists traditionally have taken a nihilistic view to managing ataxia, as with many other neurodegeneration diseases. However, this is no longer justified.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Ataxia-Treatment.aspx

  Ataxia has no cure. There are no medications that can specifically treat and cure the symptoms of ataxias. However, medications may ease the symptoms by treating the underlying condition that causes the ataxia. […] The aim of treatment of ataxia is to improve the quality of life though patient education and provision of aids and devices to maintain self sufficiency and independence for as long as possible. […] Ataxias due to underlying causes may be treated by treating these underlying causes that include stroke, a low vitamin E level or exposure to a toxic drug or chemical. […] Treatment also revolves around managing the co-existing conditions such as muscle cramps, stiffness, tremor, spasticity as well as depression, anxiety, sleep disorders etc. […] Symptomatic treatment – Some types of hereditary ataxias may be treated by easing the symptoms. This however does not cure the situation. For example in patients with episodic ataxia type 2, symptomatic relief may be obtained by treating with acetazolamide. Similarly ataxia with vitamin E deficiency may be treated with vitamin e supplements.

• #2 Managing FA – Friedreich’s Ataxia Research Alliance

  https://www.curefa.org/understanding-fa/managing-fa/

  Cardiologists monitor the heart for signs of cardiomyopathy (thickening of the heart muscle) and arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythm) and treat cardiac symptoms. […] Physical and occupational therapists help people who have FA to build strength and learn how to modify daily tasks. Speech therapists can help manage symptoms of slurred speech and difficulty swallowing. […] Endocrinologists can help manage diabetes, growth differences, and low bone density. […] Orthopedists can help manage scoliosis (curving of the spine) and pes cavus (high arched feet). […] Many people with FA experience mental health difficulties including anxiety and depression. Therapists, psychologists, and psychiatrists can help manage these issues. […] SKYCLARYS is a once daily oral medication that has been shown to slow progression of FA symptoms in a clinical trial. […] Other therapeutics are needed to slow, stop, reverse, and cure FA. FARA believes in a cocktail approach – a combination of two or more therapies. Several potential future treatments for FA are currently being investigated.

• #2 Pipeline – National Ataxia Foundation

  https://www.ataxia.org/pipeline/

  NAF has launched a petition on Change.org calling on the FDA to prioritize treatment options for rare diseases with urgent unmet needs, including Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA). […] Treatment development is a long process that involves multiple phases of a clinical trial and oversight by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). NAF is committed to empowering you with up-to-date information about Ataxia treatment development. The pipelines are visual tools that were created to show the progress of all Ataxia therapies that are currently being developed. There is a pipeline for each type of Ataxia that currently has therapies in development. […] To learn more about participating in research visit our PrepRARE Clinical Trial Readiness Education page.

• #2 Treatment and Care – Ataxia UK

  https://www.ataxia.org.uk/treatment-and-care/

  Although there is currently no cure for ataxia, there are a number of treatments available to help with the symptoms people experience. Medications are available, for example; for muscle spasms, tremors, bladder problems, abnormal eye movements and depression. Cardiac problems seen in Friedreichs ataxia are also treatable. Certain types of therapy can also help. […] We recommend that people with progressive ataxia be seen regularly by a neurologist (at least annually), who can monitor the condition and provide help with any new problems that may have emerged. It also provides an opportunity to hear about any new medical advances. […] Specialist neurologists and nurses who have expertise in ataxia hold appointments with people with ataxia, as well as conduct research towards finding treatments and cures. […] Your healthcare professional can also join our Medical Registry, through which they’ll receive an e-newsletter full of updates about new treatments and healthcare advice for ataxia.

• #2 What is Ataxia? – National Ataxia Foundation

  https://www.ataxia.org/what-is-ataxia/

  NAF has launched a petition on Change.org calling on the FDA to prioritize treatment options for rare diseases with urgent unmet needs, including Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA). […] Ataxia treatment involves a combination of medication to treat symptoms and therapy to improve quality of life, but there is no magic cure for the disease. […] The goal of Ataxia treatment is to improve the quality of life and requires an individualized approach. It is important to work closely with a neurologist to develop a plan to address symptoms. Speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, and physical therapy are common treatment options. They are sometimes used in conjunction with medication therapy to manage symptoms. Many research efforts are currently underway to find more effective treatments for Ataxia.

• #2 Ataxia Center – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/neurology-neurosurgery/ataxia

  Our Ataxia Center is recognized by the National Ataxia Foundation as an Ataxia Center of Excellence. This designation recognizes centers that provide comprehensive care and services for individuals affected by Ataxia and their families. […] The University of Chicago Medicine Ataxia Center provides comprehensive diagnosis, treatment and management of ataxias, a group of degenerative neurological diseases that affect a persons ability to walk, talk and use fine motor skills. […] We work with our patients to develop individualized treatment plans that can include physical therapy, orthotics, speech therapy and occupational therapy. […] Our Ataxia Center is actively involved in research studies, and our patients have access to the latest clinical trials of emerging ataxia therapies.

• #3 Friedreich Ataxia Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1150420-treatment

  Omaveloxolone, an activator of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), was the first drug approved by the FDA for treatment of Friedreich ataxia. […] Approval of omaveloxolone is supported by the efficacy and safety data from the MOXIe Part 2 trial and a post hoc Propensity-Matched Analysis of the open-label MOXIe Extension trial. Patients with genetically confirmed Friedreich ataxia and baseline modified Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale (mFARS) scores between 20 and 80 were randomized 1:1 to receive placebo or omaveloxolone 150 mg daily. Omaveloxolone resulted in statistically significant lower mFARS scores (less impairment) compared with placebo at Week 48. The placebo-corrected difference between the 2 groups was -2.41 points with a p-value of 0.0138. […] Efficacy of treatment persisted at 72 weeks and 124 weeks.

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