Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Allergic Rhinitis (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK568690/

  Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an atopic disease characterized by symptoms of nasal congestion, clear rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal pruritis. […] The treatment of AR is now a systemic disease due to its close association with asthma and atopic dermatitis. […] Summarize the role of the nurse in managing allergic rhinitis. […] Nursing Management includes obtaining a thorough history of allergy and seasonal variation, understanding the triggers, teaching the patient how to use a nasal spray, encouraging medication compliance, and counseling about how to quit smoking. […] Patient compliance with the treatment regimen is key in proper management and alleviation of symptoms. […] It is important to get rhinitis under control, especially due to the link between AR and asthma, and poor control of rhinitis typically predicts poor control of asthma. […] Counsel patients on avoidance of known allergens is a necessary but time-consuming task.

• #2 Practice Nursing – Allergic rhinitis: classification, diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.practicenursing.com/content/clinical/allergic-rhinitis-classification-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Allergic rhinitis is common in the UK. […] Allergic rhinitis symptoms can have a large impact on patients quality of life by affecting their sleep, social life and work/school performance. […] Treatment for allergic rhinitis includes allergen avoidance, pharmacological therapies and patient education. […] Allergic rhinitis is the most common form of rhinitis and is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammatory disorder that occurs because of allergen exposure. […] Other symptoms derived from allergic rhinitis are tiredness and poor concentration. […] These symptoms have a large impact on patients quality of life by affecting their sleep, social life and work/school performance. […] Despite the reduction in patients quality of life, allergic rhinitis remains under-recognised.

• #3 How to optimise management of seasonal allergic rhinitis | Nursing in Practice

  https://www.nursinginpractice.com/clinical/respiratory/how-to-optimise-management-of-seasonal-allergic-rhinitis/

  Seasonal allergic rhinitis, also referred to as hayfever, is a common allergic condition that affects approximately 20% of the UK population. Symptoms are wide ranging and can have a significant adverse effect on an individuals quality of life. Despite this, it is often under-diagnosed and inadequately managed. […] With pollen season upon us, practice nurses are in a unique position to help their patients understand their condition and control their symptoms. […] Allergen avoidance is difficult for those with seasonal AR since tree and grass pollen is present in the air and dispersed by wind and warm weather. Individuals should be advised to monitor the pollen forecast and take precautions on high pollen count days. These include: avoiding drying clothes outside; wearing a hat and sunglasses outside; showering; washing hair and changing clothes when arriving home and keeping windows closed in the morning when pollen is being released; and in the evening, when the air cools and pollen falls. Applying a layer of balm, such as petroleum jelly, to the nostrils may help to trap pollen. Despite non-pharmacological measures, most individuals with seasonal AR will need medication to gain good control of their symptoms.

• #4 Allergic Rhinitis: Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention | Asthma & Allergy Specialists | Charlotte, NC Allergist

  https://asthmanc.com/allergic-rhinitis-symptoms-treatment-prevention/

  Allergic rhinitis can cause symptoms like a runny nose, sneezing, itching eyes, and congestion, which can make it difficult to breathe and sleep. […] The symptoms of allergic rhinitis can vary from person to person, but they typically include: Sneezing, Runny or stuffy nose, Itching eyes, Congestion, Watery eyes, Coughing. […] There are several treatments available for allergic rhinitis, including: Over-the-counter (OTC) medications like antihistamines, decongestants, and nasal sprays, Prescription medications like nasal corticosteroids and leukotriene modifiers, Allergen immunotherapy (allergy shots). […] While it is not always possible to completely prevent allergic rhinitis, there are some things you can do to reduce your exposure to allergens: Keep windows closed to limit exposure to pollen, Vacuum regularly to reduce the amount of dust and pet dander in your home, Wash bedding in hot water regularly to kill dust mites, Avoid activities like mowing the lawn or raking leaves, which can stir up allergens, Keep pets out of the bedroom to reduce exposure to pet dander. […] Allergic rhinitis can be a nuisance, but with the right treatment and management strategies, it is possible to reduce its symptoms and improve your quality of life.

• #5 Practice Nursing – Supporting people to self-manage their allergic rhinitis

  https://www.practicenursing.com/content/clinical-focus/supporting-people-to-self-manage-their-allergic-rhinitis/

  Allergic rhinitis is common in the UK and can cause significant symptoms and reductions in quality of life. […] Often, people with allergic rhinitis try to manage the condition themselves using home or over-the-counter remedies to reduce and control symptoms. However, effective management may not be straightforward and guidance from knowledgeable and experienced health professionals can lead to improved outcomes. […] This article will explore the impact of allergic rhinitis on those who experience it, and will consider how health professionals can support self-management to enable people with the condition to manage their symptoms and minimise its impact on their lives. […] Allergic rhinitis can be troublesome all year round (perennial allergic rhinitis) or at certain times of the year depending on the causative allergen (seasonal allergic rhinitis hay fever). […] Allergic rhinitis is classified according to symptom frequency and severity, ranging from mild to severe and intermittent to persistent.

• #6 Allergic Rhinitis – Advanced Allergy & Asthma | Allergists in Pittsburgh, PA

  https://www.advancedallergydoc.com/allergic-rhinitis.php

  Allergic rhinitis, commonly referred to as hay fever, is a common chronic disease that seriously affects the way you live. […] People with allergic rhinitis often do not seek medical advice, with only 12.4 percent of patients with allergic rhinitis consulting a physician. […] Allergic rhinitis also affects your sleep, emotions, and memory. You may constantly feel tired despite a regular sleep schedule, and may be prone to anxiety and depression. […] Untreated allergic rhinitis may lead to the development of other nasal or sinus diseases, such as: […] Many doctors believe that the diagnosis of allergies in patients over 60 years old is impossible, so it is important that you seek the guidance of an expert allergist like Dr. Patel as early as possible once you see the symptoms. […] If you have allergic rhinitis, you are at greater risk of asthmatic attacks.

• #7 Allergic Rhinitis Nursing Care Management – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/allergic-rhinitis/

  Allergic rhinitis nursing management includes assessment, nursing diagnoses, care planning, nursing interventions, evaluation, and documentation guidelines. […] Assessment of the child includes history, where nurses should try to identify seasonal variations, provocative elements in the environment, and the timing of events that lead to symptoms. […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are ineffective airway clearance related to obstruction or the presence of thickened secretions, disturbed sleep pattern related to obstruction of the nose, self-concept disturbance related to the condition, and anxiety related to lack of knowledge about the disease and medical action procedure. […] The major goals for a child with allergic rhinitis are that the child will no longer breathe through the mouth, the airway will be back to normal, especially the nose, the child will sleep 6-8 hours a day, and the child and parents will know and understand about the disease and treatment.

• #8 Allergic Rhinitis (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568690/

  Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an atopic disease characterized by symptoms of nasal congestion, clear rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal pruritis. […] The treatment of AR is now a systemic disease due to its close association with asthma and atopic dermatitis. […] Summarize the role of the nurse in managing allergic rhinitis. […] Nursing Management includes obtaining a thorough history of allergy and seasonal variation, understanding the triggers, teaching the patient how to use a nasal spray, encouraging medication compliance, and counseling about how to quit smoking. […] Patient compliance with the treatment regimen is key in proper management and alleviation of symptoms. […] It is important to get rhinitis under control, especially due to the link between AR and asthma, and poor control of rhinitis typically predicts poor control of asthma.

• #9 Allergic Rhinitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/patient-care/clinical-recommendations/all-clinical-recommendations/allergic-rhinitis.html

  The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR) should be made when history and physical findings are consistent with an allergic cause (e.g., clear rhinorrhea, pale discoloration of nasal mucosa, and red and watery eyes) and one or more of the following symptoms: nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy nose, or sneezing. […] Individuals with AR should be assessed for the presence of associated conditions such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, sleep-disordered breathing, conjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, and otitis media. […] Intranasal steroids should be prescribed for patients with AR whose symptoms affect quality of life. […] Oral second-generation/less sedating antihistamines should be prescribed for patients with AR and primary complaints of sneezing and itching. […] Intranasal antihistamines may be prescribed for patients with seasonal, perennial, or episodic AR.

• #10 Allergic Rhinitis – Immunology; Allergic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/immunology-allergic-disorders/allergic-autoimmune-and-other-hypersensitivity-disorders/allergic-rhinitis

  Allergic rhinitis is seasonal or perennial itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and sometimes conjunctivitis, caused by exposure to pollens or other allergens. Diagnosis is by history and occasionally skin testing. First-line treatment is with a nasal corticosteroid (with or without an oral or a nasal antihistamine) or with an oral antihistamine plus an oral decongestant. […] Treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis is generally the same, although attempts at removal or avoidance of allergens (eg, eliminating dust mites and cockroaches) are recommended for perennial rhinitis. For seasonal or severe refractory rhinitis, desensitization immunotherapy may help. […] Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is usually based on the history; skin tests and sometimes an allergen-specific serum IgE test are needed only when patients do not respond to empiric treatment.

• #11 Allergic Rhinitis: Types, Symptoms, Treatment Options and Testing

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/allergic-rhinitis-hay-fever

  Allergic rhinitis (rie NIE tis) is a condition that occurs when the body (the immune system) overreacts to something in the environment (triggers) that most people have no problem with. […] Nationwide Children’s Hospital offers a team of experts focused on the treatment of children with allergic rhinitis. […] If your child has allergic rhinitis, you may notice some of these symptoms: Itchy nose, mouth or eyes, Stuffy nose (nasal congestion) or runny nose, Frequent sneezing, Mouth-breathing or snoring, Red, watery, itchy eyes, Puffy eyelids, Dark circles under the eyes (allergic shiners), Cough (especially at night) caused by drainage from the nose going down the back of the throat, Headaches, Some loss of smell, Ears „popping” or crackling, Feeling tired, Not able to focus, poor concentration.

• #12 Allergic Rhinitis Care – Carolina Allergy & Asthma Consultants

  https://carolinaallergyandasthma.com/allergic-rhinitis-care/

  Allergic rhinitis is a diagnosis associated with various allergic symptoms that affect the nose. It runs in families and affects up to 25% of the population. […] Here are the common symptoms of allergic rhinitis: Nasal congestion, Runny nose, Sneezing, Sinus infections, Excess mucus, Headache, Bloody nose, Nasal polyps, Itchy, watery, burning or red eyes, Popping or sense of fullness in the ears, Frequent ear infections, Coughing, wheezing or shortness of breath. […] To understand what is triggering your symptoms, essential to determining your optimal treatment, our board-certified allergy-immunology specialists conduct a detailed medical history with you as well as allergy skin testing. […] There are two types of allergic rhinitis: Seasonal and Perennial. […] Despite its name, perennial allergic rhinitis does not have to be forever. In fact, both forms are treatable, and board-certified allergy/immunology doctors are best able to treat either type.

• #13 Nursing Care Plan for Allergic Rhinitis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-allergic-rhinitis/

  Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal passages caused by allergens. As a nurse, your role is vital in managing and supporting individuals with allergic rhinitis. This nursing care plan aims to outline evidence-based interventions to alleviate symptoms, prevent complications, and improve the quality of life for individuals with allergic rhinitis. […] The patient complains of nasal congestion, sneezing, itching, and watery eyes. […] The patient reports a history of seasonal allergies and exposure to allergens. […] Impaired Airway Clearance related to nasal congestion and increased mucus production as evidenced by nasal obstruction and post-nasal drip. […] Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to nasal congestion and decreased airflow as evidenced by sneezing and labored breathing.

• #14 Nursing Care Plan for Allergic Rhinitis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-allergic-rhinitis/

  Risk for Infection related to compromised nasal mucosa and impaired mucociliary function as evidenced by increased mucus production and a history of recurrent infections. […] Impaired Sleep Pattern related to nocturnal symptoms and interrupted sleep as evidenced by daytime fatigue and decreased alertness. […] Encourage the patient to increase fluid intake (within dietary restrictions) to help thin mucus secretions. […] Instruct the patient on proper blowing techniques to clear the nasal passages. […] Administer nasal saline irrigation or sprays to moisturize and flush out allergens from the nasal cavity. […] Collaborate with the healthcare provider to determine the appropriate use of intranasal corticosteroids or antihistamines to reduce inflammation and congestion. […] Educate the patient on avoiding allergen exposure and the use of protective measures such as wearing masks or using air purifiers.

• #15 Allergic Rhinitis (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568690/

  Avoidance of triggers, especially in those with seasonal symptoms, is encouraged, although it is not always practical, such as in the case of allergy to pollens. […] It is also recommended to use allergen-impermeable bedding covers, wash sheets in hot water, and use a vacuum cleaner with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. […] Commonly available nasal sprays in the United States include beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticasone propionate, mometasone furoate, and triamcinolone acetonide. […] Intranasal corticosteroid therapy can be as monotherapy or in combination with oral antihistamines in patients with mild, moderate, or severe symptoms. […] For patients in whom avoidance measures and combination pharmacotherapy are not effective, allergen immunotherapy should be considered.

• #16 Allergic rhinitis – self-care Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/allergic-rhinitis-self-care

  Avoid Your Triggers […] Things that make allergies worse are called triggers. It may be impossible to completely avoid all triggers. But, you can do many things to limit your or your child’s exposure to them: Reduce dust and dust mites in the home. Control molds indoors and out. Avoid exposure to plant pollen and animals. […] Medicines for Allergic Rhinitis […] Nasal corticosteroid sprays are the most effective treatment. Many brands are available. You can buy some brands without a prescription. For other brands, you need a prescription. They work best when you use them every day. It may take 2 or more weeks of steady use for your symptoms to improve. They are safe for children and adults. […] Antihistamines are medicines that work well for treating allergy symptoms. They are often used when symptoms do not occur very often or do not last very long.

• #17 Nursing Care Plan for Allergic Rhinitis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-allergic-rhinitis/

  Assess the patients sleep patterns and quality of sleep. […] Encourage the patient to establish a regular sleep schedule and practice good sleep hygiene. […] Suggest using nasal saline sprays or rinses before bedtime to alleviate congestion. […] Collaborate with the healthcare provider to determine the appropriateness of antihistamines or other medications to promote better sleep. […] Assess the severity of symptoms and their impact on the patients daily activities. […] Encourage the patient to avoid allergen exposure, such as staying indoors during high pollen count periods. […] Administer prescribed medications, such as antihistamines or intranasal corticosteroids, as directed to alleviate symptoms. […] Provide comfort measures, such as cool compresses, saline nasal sprays, or steam inhalation, to relieve nasal congestion and soothe irritated nasal passages.

• #18 Allergic Rhinitis (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK568690/

  Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an atopic disease characterized by symptoms of nasal congestion, clear rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal pruritis. […] The treatment of AR is now a systemic disease due to its close association with asthma and atopic dermatitis. […] Summarize the role of the nurse in managing allergic rhinitis. […] Nursing Management includes obtaining a thorough history of allergy and seasonal variation, understanding the triggers, teaching the patient how to use a nasal spray, encouraging medication compliance, and counseling about how to quit smoking. […] Patient compliance with the treatment regimen is key in proper management and alleviation of symptoms. […] It is important to get rhinitis under control, especially due to the link between AR and asthma, and poor control of rhinitis typically predicts poor control of asthma. […] Counsel patients on avoidance of known allergens is a necessary but time-consuming task.

• #19 Management of allergic rhinitis | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/cancer/management-of-allergic-rhinitis-10-06-2003/

  Rhinitis is characterised by the presence of two or more of the following symptoms: nasal blockage, sneezing, rhinorrhoea (a persistent watery mucous discharge from the nose) and nasal itching which last for an hour or more on most days. […] Patients with allergic rhinitis often have a clear relationship between symptoms and allergen exposure, for example, during the tree/grass pollen season. […] Management of allergic rhinitis is dependent upon diagnosis, education and pharmacological treatment using a stepped approach. […] Treatment choices and patient management should depend on efficacy of treatment, safety and compliance, as well as patient preference. […] Identification and avoidance of the trigger allergen may be helpful. […] Pharmacological treatment should include a non-sedating antihistamine such as loratadine, cetirizine, desloratadine, fexofenadine and levocetirizine, taken as required.

• #20 Allergic rhinitis – self-care Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/allergic-rhinitis-self-care

  Antihistamine nasal sprays work well for treating allergic rhinitis. They are only available with a prescription. […] Decongestants are medicines that help dry up a runny or stuffy nose. They come as pills, liquids, capsules, or nasal sprays. You can buy them over-the-counter (OTC), without a prescription. […] For mild allergic rhinitis, a nasal wash can help remove mucus from your nose. You can buy a saline spray at a drugstore or make one at home. […] Make an appointment with your provider if: You have severe allergy or hay fever symptoms. Your symptoms do not get better when you treat them. You are wheezing or coughing more.

• #21 Management of allergic rhinitis | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/cancer/management-of-allergic-rhinitis-10-06-2003/

  The first line treatment is daily application of a topical nasal steroid such as fluticasone, mometasone, budesonide or beclometasone. […] It is important to explain to patients that they need to persist with treatment to experience the most benefit. […] Allergic rhinitis is a common disease which can occur during the spring and summer as a result of exposure to pollen and all year round following persistent exposure to house-dust mite or cat allergens. […] Symptoms generally respond well to a combination of nasal steroids and non-sedating antihistamines.

• #22 Allergic rhinitis hay fever

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsconnect/prereferral_guidelines/Allergic_rhinitis_hay_fever/

  The following pre-referral guideline covers allergic rhinitis (hay fever) for children of all ages. […] Ongoing symptoms despite optimal topical nasal corticosteroid therapy (see below) and allergen avoidance. (after 3-6 months) […] Allergen desensitization is required. […] First line treatment for perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis. […] Take for 2-4 weeks before maximum benefit is achieved. […] Continue for a minimum 3-6 months. This should be continuous treatment. […] Less sedating oral antihistamines can be used to manage itching and sneezing or associated eye symptoms. […] Consider nasal irrigation with saline spray. […] Can be effective in children with allergic rhinitis, possibly due to enhanced ciliary function or removal of inflammatory cytokines via mucus clearance. […] Where history and blood IgE test positive for pet or dust mite, consider allergen avoidance. […] Allergic rhinitis and asthma frequently co-exist and effective treatment of rhinitis can improve asthma symptoms.

• #23 Allergic rhinitis – self-care: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000547.htm

  For mild allergic rhinitis, a nasal wash can help remove mucus from your nose. You can buy a saline spray at a drugstore or make one at home. […] Make an appointment with your provider if: You have severe allergy or hay fever symptoms. Your symptoms do not get better when you treat them. You are wheezing or coughing more.

• #24 Allergic rhinitis – self-care – Office Instructions – Chester Miltenberger MD PA

  https://ehr.wrshealth.com/patient_v2/instructions.php?id=2425855&iid=4106

  It may take 2 or more weeks of steady use for your symptoms improve the most. […] They are safe for children and adults. […] Nasal Wash […] For mild allergic rhinitis, a nasal wash can help remove mucus from your nose. You can buy a saline spray at a drugstore or make one at home. To make one, use 1 cup of warm water, 1/2 a teaspoon of salt, and a pinch of baking soda. […] When to Call the Doctor […] Make an appointment with your health care provider if: […] You have severe allergy or hay fever symptoms. […] Your symptoms do not get better when you treat them. […] You are wheezing or coughing more.

• #25 How to optimise management of seasonal allergic rhinitis | Nursing in Practice

  https://www.nursinginpractice.com/clinical/respiratory/how-to-optimise-management-of-seasonal-allergic-rhinitis/

  An over-the-counter (OTC) non-sedating long-acting oral antihistamine, such as cetirizine, fexofenadine or loratadine is the first line treatment for mild-moderate seasonal AR and should be taken regularly rather than as required. […] Regular use of intranasal steroids (INS) is the mainstay of treatment for those with persistent nasal congestion and works to reduce nasal inflammation and the symptoms of congestion and mucous production. These should be used alongside oral antihistamine and saline nasal rinsing, taking care to use saline rinsing before and not after the nasal spray. […] If, despite adherence to maximal pharmacotherapy of regular antihistamine, saline nasal rinsing and INS, a patient has persistent symptoms that affect their quality of life, nurses should arrange for them to be referred to a specialist allergy service. […] Specific allergen immunotherapy, either sub-lingual or sub-cutaneous, may be indicated to desensitise the patient to pollen. Immunotherapy reduces the severity and frequency of AR symptoms and is an add-on treatment to be used alongside pharmacotherapy.

• #26 Nursing Care Plan for Allergic Rhinitis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-allergic-rhinitis/

  Encourage the patient to perform regular nasal irrigation using saline solutions to promote mucus clearance. […] Teach effective coughing and deep breathing techniques to help clear mucus from the airways. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to administer prescribed bronchodilators or mucolytic agents, if necessary, to facilitate airway clearance. […] Monitor respiratory status closely, including lung sounds and oxygen saturation levels, to detect any signs of respiratory distress. […] Provide education to the patient and their caregivers about allergic rhinitis, including its causes, common triggers, and management strategies. […] Teach the patient how to identify and avoid allergen triggers, such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. […] Instruct the patient on proper medication use, including dosage, timing, and potential side effects of prescribed medications.

• #27 Nursing Care Plan for Allergic Rhinitis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-allergic-rhinitis/

  Teach the patient relaxation techniques and deep breathing exercises to help alleviate anxiety and improve breathing patterns. […] Encourage the patient to practice diaphragmatic breathing to maximize airflow. […] Provide a calm and quiet environment to minimize triggers and reduce stress. […] Administer prescribed bronchodilators or nasal decongestants as indicated to relieve nasal congestion and improve breathing. […] Monitor the patients vital signs and temperature regularly to detect early signs of infection. […] Encourage good hand hygiene practices and educate the patient on infection prevention measures. […] Instruct the patient to avoid rubbing or touching the eyes and nose to prevent the spread of infection. […] Collaborate with the healthcare provider to determine the need for prophylactic antibiotic treatment, especially in cases of recurrent infections.

• #28 Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1201/p985.html

  The most common adverse effects of intranasal corticosteroids are throat irritation, epistaxis, stinging, burning, and nasal dryness. […] Immunotherapy should be considered for moderate or severe persistent allergic rhinitis that is not responsive to usual treatments, in patients who cannot tolerate standard therapies or who want to avoid long-term medication use, and in patients with allergic asthma.

• #29 Nursing Care Plan for Allergic Rhinitis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-allergic-rhinitis/

  Collaborate with the healthcare team to provide educational materials and resources, such as allergy action plans or allergen avoidance tips. […] Assess the patients sleep patterns and the impact of allergic rhinitis symptoms on their quality of sleep. […] Encourage the patient to establish a regular sleep routine and create a sleep-friendly environment, such as using hypoallergenic bedding and maintaining a cool and clean bedroom. […] Discuss strategies for symptom management during nighttime, such as elevating the head of the bed and using nasal strips for improved breathing. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to adjust medication regimens, if necessary, to alleviate nighttime symptoms and promote restful sleep. […] The patients nasal congestion and post-nasal drip improved, allowing for better airway clearance.

• #30 Allergic Rhinitis – Office Instructions – Vital Signs Medical Associates

  https://www.vitalsignsmed.com/PracticeManager/patient_v2/instructions.php?id=2037525&iid=4841

  Shower or bathe before bedtime to wash off pollen and other allergens in your hair and on your skin. […] You can reduce the amount of mold in your home by removing houseplants and by frequently cleaning shower curtains, bathroom windows, damp walls, areas with dry rot and indoor trash cans. […] If your allergies are severe, you may need to give your pets away or at least keep them outside. […] To reduce dust mites in your home, remove drapes, feather pillows, upholstered furniture, non-washable comforters and soft toys.

• #31 Pediatric allergic rhinitis (nasal allergies) – Children’s Health Allergy

  https://www.childrens.com/specialties-services/conditions/allergic-rhinitis

  We are committed to helping your child find relief with an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan to effectively manage nasal allergy symptoms. […] Your child’s doctor will work closely with you to develop a treatment plan that addresses your child’s nasal allergy triggers. […] Treatment may include: controlling environmental triggers, medication to help manage symptoms, immunotherapy. […] Allergic rhinitis occurs when your immune system mounts a response to an inhaled allergen, such as mold, weeds or pet dander. […] There is no cure for allergic rhinitis, but effective management of triggers can reduce the severity and frequency of symptoms. […] Yes, complications can occur if your child’s condition is not treated. Long-lasting allergic rhinitis can lead to sinusitis, clogged ears and ear infections, sleep apnea and asthma.

• #32 Nursing Care Plan For Rhinitis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-rhinitis/

  Nursing care for rhinitis aims to alleviate symptoms, improve the patients quality of life, and promote effective management. […] By offering education, medication management, and support, nursing staff can play a crucial role in helping patients manage this common condition. […] The care plan encompasses a range of nursing interventions, including assessment, medication education, non-pharmacological strategies, lifestyle modifications, and emotional support. […] By providing education about medication use, allergen avoidance, and lifestyle changes, nursing staff can empower patients to take an active role in their care. […] The collaboration between healthcare providers, the dedication of nursing staff, and the active involvement of patients in self-care are pivotal in managing rhinitis effectively.

• #33 Nursing Care Plan for Allergic Rhinitis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-allergic-rhinitis/

  The patient demonstrated improved breathing patterns, with a reduction in sneezing and labored breathing. […] Vital signs remained within normal limits, indicating no signs of infection. […] The patient reported improved sleep patterns and decreased daytime fatigue. […] Improved comfort with reduced nasal congestion and rhinorrhea. […] Effective airway clearance with decreased mucus production and improved breathing. […] Increased knowledge and understanding of allergen avoidance and self-care measures. […] Improved sleep pattern with reduced disruptions due to allergic rhinitis symptoms.

• #34 Allergic Rhinitis Nursing Care Management – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/allergic-rhinitis/

  Nursing interventions for the child include identification of the allergen, use of nasal sprays, encouraging thorough cleaning of the house, and encouraging medication compliance. […] Goals are met as evidenced by the child no longer breathing through the mouth, the airway being back to normal, the child sleeping 6-8 hours a day, and the child and parents describing the level of anxiety and coping patterns. […] Documentation in a child with allergic rhinitis includes environmental assessment, cultural and religious beliefs, plan of care, teaching plan, responses to interventions, long-term care, modifications to the plan of care, and attainment or progress toward desired outcomes.

• #35

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh2966

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] If your rhinitis is caused by allergies, try to find out what sets off (triggers) your symptoms. Take steps to avoid your triggers. […] If your doctor recommends over-the-counter medicines to relieve symptoms, take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Use saline (saltwater) nasal washes to help keep your nasal passages open and wash out mucus and allergens. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if you are having trouble breathing. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if mucus from your nose gets thicker (like pus) or has new blood in it.

• #36 Allergic Rhinitis: Types, Symptoms, Treatment Options and Testing

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/allergic-rhinitis-hay-fever

  Symptoms may improve by making small changes at home. […] Your child’s doctor may suggest medicines that are child-friendly and can be bought over-the-counter (OTC) or the doctor may prescribe medicines. They may be taken either orally (by mouth), or as eye drops or a nasal spray. Typically, the types of medicines include: Antihistamines, Corticosteroids, Decongestants. […] It is very important that your child takes the medicine exactly as ordered. […] If your child’s symptoms do not improve, the doctor may refer him or her to an allergist for more testing. […] Call the doctor if: Symptoms do not improve or if they worsen, even when your child is taking the medicine regularly.

• #37 Pediatric Allergic Rhinitis – Conditions and Treatments | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/health-library/allergic-rhinitis

  Allergic rhinitis is a reaction that happens in the eyes, nose and throat. It occurs when allergens in the air trigger the release of histamine and other chemicals in the body. […] Treatment for allergic rhinitis may include: Antihistamines, Nose sprays, Decongestants, Allergy shots. […] Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. […] Treatment choices may include: Antihistamines, Nose sprays, Decongestants, Medicines for asthma symptoms, Allergy shots. […] Experts don’t know how to prevent a person from developing allergic rhinitis. But you can help prevent the symptoms by: Controlling your child’s environment, such as using air conditioning during pollen season, Having your child stay away from areas where there is heavy dust, mites molds, Keeping your child away from pets. […] Call your child’s healthcare provider if your child has: Symptoms that get worse, New symptoms.

• #38 Rhinitis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.rhinitis-care-instructions.uh2966

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] If your rhinitis is caused by allergies, try to find out what sets off (triggers) your symptoms. Take steps to avoid your triggers. […] If your doctor recommends over-the-counter medicines to relieve symptoms, take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Use saline (saltwater) nasal washes to help keep your nasal passages open and wash out mucus and allergens. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You are having trouble breathing. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: Mucus from your nose gets thicker (like pus) or has new blood in it.

• #39 24.2 Allergic Rhinitis – Medical-Surgical Nursing | OpenStax

  https://openstax.org/books/medical-surgical-nursing/pages/24-2-allergic-rhinitis

  Discharge planning is always part of the nursing plan of care. The patient and family should be instructed on self-care at home, including correct usage of medications, adherence to treatment schedules, and the importance of minimizing exposure to allergens. […] Evaluation of applied interventions is an essential part of the nursing process. The nurse should compare observed outcomes against expected outcomes, to evaluate for signs of improvement, decline, or no change in the patients condition. […] The aim of immunotherapy is to desensitize an individual from allergies by treating IgE-mediated diseases by allergen extract injections.

• #40

  https://www.nuhs.edu.sg/patient-care/find-a-condition/allergic-rhinitis

  Allergic Rhinitis is caused by an over response of the body’s immune system to non-infectious particles such as pollen, dust mites, animal hair, food, etc. […] Patients with Allergic Rhinitis are often inadequately treated as many do not seek treatment till their conditions are severe and affect their daily activities. […] Management strategies include allergen identification and avoidance, pharmacotherapy, immunotherapy and surgery. […] The management of Inhalant Allergy also includes counselling of proper environmental control and/or advice on allergy products available. […] For patients who have undergone the IPFT, the Allergy Nurse assists them to make sense of their test results, and explains the need for correct diet management. […] Immunotherapy is a treatment that consists of gradually re-accustoming the body to the allergen responsible for the allergic reactions, so as to modify (or perhaps entirely suppress) the body’s response.

• #41 Allergic Rhinitis – Office Instructions – Vital Signs Medical Associates

  https://www.vitalsignsmed.com/PracticeManager/patient_v2/instructions.php?id=2037525&iid=4841

  Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis (say: rine-EYE-tis), is an allergic reaction to pollen. […] If your symptoms interfere with your life, consider seeing your family doctor. Your doctor will probably do a physical exam and ask you questions about your symptoms. […] Several medicines can be used to treat allergies. Your doctor will help you determine what medicine is best for you depending on your symptoms, age and overall health. […] Antihistamines help reduce the sneezing, runny nose and itchiness of allergies. […] Decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine, help temporarily relieve the stuffy nose of allergies. […] Nasal steroid sprays reduce the reaction of the nasal tissues to inhaled allergens. […] Allergy shots (also called immunotherapy) are an option for people who try other treatments but still have allergy symptoms.

• #42 Patient education: Allergic rhinitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/allergic-rhinitis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Antihistamines relieve the itching, sneezing, and runny nose of allergic rhinitis, but they do not relieve nasal congestion. Using them along with nasal steroids or decongestants may provide greater symptom relief than using one of these medications alone. […] Nasal irrigation and saline sprays — Rinsing the nose with a saline (salt water) solution is called „nasal irrigation” or „nasal lavage.” Saline is also available in a standard nasal spray, although this is not as effective as using larger amounts of water in an irrigation. […] Immunotherapy involves trying to alter the way a person’s immune system reacts to allergens. The most common form of immunotherapy is regular injections. […] Allergy shots, also known as „allergen immunotherapy,” are only available for common allergens, including pollens, cat and dog dander, dust mites, and molds.

• #43 Allergic Rhinitis Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/134825-followup

  Thorough and efficient vacuum cleaning of carpets and rugs can help, but, ultimately, carpeting should be removed. […] Dust mites thrive when indoor humidity is above 50%, so dehumidification, air conditioning, or both is helpful. […] Indoor environmental control measures for mold allergy focus on reduction of excessive humidity and removal of standing water. […] For animal allergy, complete avoidance is the best option. […] For patients who cannot, or who do not want to, completely avoid an animal or pet, confinement of the animal to a noncarpeted room and keeping it entirely out of the bedroom can be of some benefit. […] Immunotherapy may be considered more strongly with severe disease, poor response to other management options, and the presence of comorbid conditions or complications.

• #44 Allergic Rhinitis Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/134825-treatment

  Bed linens should be washed every 2 weeks in hot (at least 130F) water to kill any mites present. […] Indoor environmental control measures for mold allergy focus on reduction of excessive humidity and removal of standing water. […] For animal allergy, complete avoidance is the best option. […] Immunotherapy may be considered more strongly with severe disease, poor response to other management options, and the presence of comorbid conditions or complications. […] Immunotherapy is often combined with pharmacotherapy and environmental control. […] Consultation with an allergist or immunologist for severe disease, poor response to pharmacotherapy, and the presence of comorbid conditions or complications is recommended.

• #45 Nursing Care Plan For Rhinitis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-rhinitis/

  Effective teamwork and communication are essential for providing comprehensive care to individuals with rhinitis. […] Ultimately, the goal of this care plan is to offer holistic and patient-centered care, helping individuals with rhinitis manage their symptoms, identify triggers, and improve their overall quality of life. […] Nursing care plays a crucial role in alleviating the discomfort associated with rhinitis and promoting long-term symptom control and well-being. […] Nurses play a vital role in assessing and managing rhinitis, particularly in terms of symptom control, patient education, and identifying potential allergens or irritants. […] Effective care for patients with rhinitis involves symptom management, trigger identification, and patient education. […] Collaboration with other healthcare professionals, such as allergists or otolaryngologists, may be necessary to provide comprehensive care for these patients.

• #46 Nursing Care Plan For Rhinitis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-rhinitis/

  Rhinitis is a common condition characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucosa, leading to symptoms such as nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose, and itching. […] Nursing care for patients with rhinitis is essential to alleviate symptoms, improve their quality of life, and address the underlying causes. […] Nurses play a pivotal role in providing support to individuals with rhinitis, including administering medications, educating patients about triggers and management strategies, and promoting healthy lifestyle choices. […] Effective communication and patient-centered care are essential to address the specific needs and concerns of each patient. […] The care plan recognizes the importance of collaboration with other healthcare professionals, including allergists, otolaryngologists, and pulmonologists, as well as potentially providing referrals for allergy testing and immunotherapy.

• #47 Stuffy, Sneezy, and Congested: Allergic Rhinitis and Self-Care Management

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/stuffy-sneezy-and-congested-allergic-rhinitis-and-selfcare-management

  Implementing nonpharmacologic approaches can help reduce or eliminate AR symptoms, minimizing the need for pharmacologic therapies. The primary nonpharmacologic strategy is to reduce exposure to allergens through allergen avoidance and lifestyle modifications; however, this is not always possible or practical. […] The management of AR often begins with the pharmacist. Most patients will attempt to seek self-care options before seeing their primary care provider. […] With assistance from the pharmacist, many patients symptoms may be well controlled with nonpharmacologic approaches and use of the available nonprescription medications. Pharmacists are well positioned to help patients identify symptoms of AR, educate about allergen avoidance, and guide treatment to effectively manage bothersome symptoms while minimizing the risk of adverse effects.

• #48 Allergic rhinitis and the one airway principle | Nursing in Practice

  https://www.nursinginpractice.com/clinical/allergic-rhinitis-and-the-one-airway-principle/

  Pharmacological management involves non-sedating antihistamines, topical nasal corticosteroids or antihistamines, and anti-inflammatory eye drops or a combination, depending on symptoms and severity. […] A significant proportion of rhinitis patients first present in primary care, and the majority of symptoms can be treated there. […] Primary care practitioners can help ensure that the one airway principle and best practice is being implemented; a presentation of allergic rhinitis should always trigger consideration of asthma and vice versa. […] The clear links between hay fever and asthma can no longer be underestimated and practice must change to meet this ever-growing challenge.

• #49 Self-management in allergic rhinitis | JAA

  https://www.dovepress.com/self-management-in-allergic-rhinitis-strategies-outcomes-and-integrati-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JAA

  Education is the first cornerstone of AR management and is fundamental to achieving optimal patient engagement that can assure perfect adherence to prescribed and shared strategies. […] Self-management of allergic rhinitis represents an actual modality of approaching this disease, bypassing real doctors visits. Of course, self-management may present relevant biases, including inadequate disease control and inappropriate prescriptions. However, self-management may be performed in different ways: directly by patients independently acting, asking advice from relatives/friends, or interacting with healthcare providers (physicians, pharmacists, nurses). […] Evidence shows that self-care and self-management may significantly improve adherence and reduce the disease burden. […] Medication knowledge and adherence are important characteristics of self-management, particularly understanding when and how to utilize prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medicines.

• #50 Self-management in allergic rhinitis | JAA

  https://www.dovepress.com/self-management-in-allergic-rhinitis-strategies-outcomes-and-integrati-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JAA

  Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease, characterized by typical symptoms and type 2 inflammation. Standard treatment is usually effective and safe, and most medications are available as over-the-counter (OTC). Therefore, AR patients, mostly at the AR onset or if symptoms are mild, prefer to manage symptoms themselves. However, self-management could be associated with problems, including inadequate control or medication abuse. Therefore, this paper aimed at presenting and discussing this issue. Ideally, self-management should be conducted under medical supervision. In this regard, telemedicine could represent a valuable tool for implementing self-management. Visual analog scale (VAS) is a perfect parameter to measure symptom severity, medications use, and AR control. In addition, VAS is easily monitored over time. Presently, a mobile application allows to AR patients of self-managing themselves. Therefore, mobile healthcare may supply fundamental support in communication and decision-making. In this regard, VAS represents the best tool to monitor symptoms severity and control over time. Finally, pharmacological and non-pharmacological remedies are numerous and effective but should be used wisely.

• #51 Hay fever allergic rhinitis and your asthma – National Asthma Council Australia

  https://www.nationalasthma.org.au/living-with-asthma/resources/patients-carers/brochures/hay-fever-allergic-rhinitis-and-your-asthma

  Most people with allergic rhinitis will benefit from using these medicines. […] For best results, these medications should be taken regularly and long term, just like preventers for asthma. […] People who experience allergic rhinitis symptoms throughout the year may need to continue treatment indefinitely. […] Your doctor may recommend other medicines. […] People with allergic rhinitis should not smoke and should avoid other peoples cigarette smoke. […] If your allergic rhinitis is troublesome, or if effective treatment for your allergic rhinitis helps control your asthma symptoms, your doctor might recommend that you take medicine while you are pregnant. […] Some corticosteroid nasal sprays can be used in children as young as 2 years. […] After you have begun any allergic rhinitis treatment, tell your doctor so that your allergic rhinitis can be checked whenever you have a check-up.

• #52 Action-plan and as-needed therapy in allergic rhinitis

  https://e-cep.org/journal/view.php?number=20125555691

  Action-plan is a written set of instructions that helps patient manage their symptoms and respond to worsening of their condition. The action-plan usually includes information on how to recognize, treat, and prevent worsening of symptoms. […] An action-plan should be developed through a discussion between the patient and the physician, reflecting the patient’s severity, preferences, and values and should be regularly updated to reflect changes in the person’s condition. […] Overall, an action-plan and as-needed therapy are important components of a comprehensive treatment plan for patients with AR. They can help to improve symptom control, prevent complications, and promote adherence to treatment, leading to better outcomes and a higher quality of life. […] The guidelines may not work in the real world. An action-plan reflecting patients severity and variable of symptoms, values and preferences as well as the benefits and harms of treatment, may be a useful alternative. The action plan and as-needed therapy must include the following elements: when, what, how, and why. Action plan and as-needed therapy can help patients manage their symptoms more effectively.

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