Materiały źródłowe

• #1 3 Ways to Prevent Actinomycosis – wikiHow Health

  https://www.wikihow.health/Prevent-Actinomycosis

  Actinomycosis is caused by the Actinomycetaceae family of bacteria, which normally live harmlessly in the lining of the mouth, throat, digestive system and vagina, entering damaged tissue after trauma, surgery or other infection. […] However, there are some practical steps you can take to avoid certain cases of actinomycosis and, if you do develop an infection, it is important that you recognize its symptoms and understand your treatment options. […] Practice good oral hygiene. Oral cervicofacial actinomycosis is the most common form of actinomycosis, constituting 50-70 percent of all cases. It is usually the result of poor dental hygiene, so it is important that you maintain your tooth and gum health. This will help prevent the development of any infections in your mouth due to gum disease and tooth decay, as well as limit the chances of infection if you are injured or have oral surgery. […] Avoid swallowing or inhaling foreign objects. Certain cases of thoracic and abdominal actinomycosis are caused by the ingestion or inhalation of foreign objects. […] Monitor facial and abdominal infections. If you have appendicitis and your appendix bursts, abdominal actinomycosis can often develop if the intestines are damaged by the infected bile or during surgery. […] Remove your intrauterine device (IUD) when recommended. Pelvic actinomycosis is the rarest manifestation of the infection, accounting for only 10 percent of all cases. It usually only occurs when an IUD is left in the uterine wall longer than the manufacturer recommends. In order to avoid this infection, follow your doctors instructions about properly maintaining your IUD and, if an infection develops, have the IUD removed.

• #2 3 Ways to Prevent Actinomycosis – wikiHow Health

  https://www.wikihow.health/Prevent-Actinomycosis

  Actinomycosis is caused by the Actinomycetaceae family of bacteria, which normally live harmlessly in the lining of the mouth, throat, digestive system and vagina, entering damaged tissue after trauma, surgery or other infection. […] However, there are some practical steps you can take to avoid certain cases of actinomycosis and, if you do develop an infection, it is important that you recognize its symptoms and understand your treatment options. […] Practice good oral hygiene. Oral cervicofacial actinomycosis is the most common form of actinomycosis, constituting 50-70 percent of all cases. It is usually the result of poor dental hygiene, so it is important that you maintain your tooth and gum health. This will help prevent the development of any infections in your mouth due to gum disease and tooth decay, as well as limit the chances of infection if you are injured or have oral surgery. […] Avoid swallowing or inhaling foreign objects. Certain cases of thoracic and abdominal actinomycosis are caused by the ingestion or inhalation of foreign objects. […] Monitor facial and abdominal infections. If you have appendicitis and your appendix bursts, abdominal actinomycosis can often develop if the intestines are damaged by the infected bile or during surgery. […] Remove your intrauterine device (IUD) when recommended. Pelvic actinomycosis is the rarest manifestation of the infection, accounting for only 10 percent of all cases. It usually only occurs when an IUD is left in the uterine wall longer than the manufacturer recommends. In order to avoid this infection, follow your doctors instructions about properly maintaining your IUD and, if an infection develops, have the IUD removed.

• #3 Actinomycosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24981-actinomycosis

  You can reduce your risk of cervicofacial actinomycosis (the most common type) by taking care of your dental health. This includes: […] Other forms of actinomycosis are hard to prevent, but theyre also uncommon.

• #4 Actinomycosis Treatment, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Types

  https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/microbiology/actinomycosis-treatment-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-types

  By maintaining good oral health, you can lower your risk of developing the most prevalent kind of actinomycosis, cervicofacial actinomycosis. This comprises: […] Avoiding tobacco use in general, including smoking. […] Using fluoride toothpaste to brush your teeth at least twice daily. […] Everyday flossing. […] Using a mouthwash with antibiotics. […] Going to the dentist frequently. They can identify any possible problems with your teeth and gums at an early stage. […] Other types of actinomycosis are rare and difficult to prevent.

• #5 Actinomycosis Treatment, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Types

  https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/microbiology/actinomycosis-treatment-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-types

  By maintaining good oral health, you can lower your risk of developing the most prevalent kind of actinomycosis, cervicofacial actinomycosis. This comprises: […] Avoiding tobacco use in general, including smoking. […] Using fluoride toothpaste to brush your teeth at least twice daily. […] Everyday flossing. […] Using a mouthwash with antibiotics. […] Going to the dentist frequently. They can identify any possible problems with your teeth and gums at an early stage. […] Other types of actinomycosis are rare and difficult to prevent.

• #6 Pulmonary Actinomycosis: Treatments and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pulmonary-actinomycosis

  Good dental hygiene can help lower your risk. Keep your teeth and gums in good shape. This helps prevent bacteria from overgrowing and spreading to other parts of your body. To do this: […] Brush and floss your teeth twice a day. […] Get regular dental cleanings and exams. […] Eat fewer sugary foods. Sugary foods can increase your risk for tooth decay.

• #7 Actinomycosis Treatment, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Types

  https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/microbiology/actinomycosis-treatment-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-types

  By maintaining good oral health, you can lower your risk of developing the most prevalent kind of actinomycosis, cervicofacial actinomycosis. This comprises: […] Avoiding tobacco use in general, including smoking. […] Using fluoride toothpaste to brush your teeth at least twice daily. […] Everyday flossing. […] Using a mouthwash with antibiotics. […] Going to the dentist frequently. They can identify any possible problems with your teeth and gums at an early stage. […] Other types of actinomycosis are rare and difficult to prevent.

• #8 Pulmonary Actinomycosis: Treatments and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pulmonary-actinomycosis

  Good dental hygiene can help lower your risk. Keep your teeth and gums in good shape. This helps prevent bacteria from overgrowing and spreading to other parts of your body. To do this: […] Brush and floss your teeth twice a day. […] Get regular dental cleanings and exams. […] Eat fewer sugary foods. Sugary foods can increase your risk for tooth decay.

• #9 Actinomycosis Treatment, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Types

  https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/microbiology/actinomycosis-treatment-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-types

  By maintaining good oral health, you can lower your risk of developing the most prevalent kind of actinomycosis, cervicofacial actinomycosis. This comprises: […] Avoiding tobacco use in general, including smoking. […] Using fluoride toothpaste to brush your teeth at least twice daily. […] Everyday flossing. […] Using a mouthwash with antibiotics. […] Going to the dentist frequently. They can identify any possible problems with your teeth and gums at an early stage. […] Other types of actinomycosis are rare and difficult to prevent.

• #10 Actinomycosis

  https://sales-demo.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=141&isarticlelink=false&pid=1&gid=000599

  Good oral hygiene and regular dentist visits may help prevent some forms of actinomycosis.

• #11 Actinomycosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/actinomycosis

  One of the best ways to prevent actinomycosis is to practice good oral hygiene. Schedule regular visits with your dentist so that they can spot potential problems. […] If you get proper treatment for actinomycosis, its highly curable and youll likely make a full recovery.

• #12 Actinomycosis Treatment, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Types

  https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/microbiology/actinomycosis-treatment-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-types

  By maintaining good oral health, you can lower your risk of developing the most prevalent kind of actinomycosis, cervicofacial actinomycosis. This comprises: […] Avoiding tobacco use in general, including smoking. […] Using fluoride toothpaste to brush your teeth at least twice daily. […] Everyday flossing. […] Using a mouthwash with antibiotics. […] Going to the dentist frequently. They can identify any possible problems with your teeth and gums at an early stage. […] Other types of actinomycosis are rare and difficult to prevent.

• #13 Pulmonary Actinomycosis: Treatments and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pulmonary-actinomycosis

  Good dental hygiene can help lower your risk. Keep your teeth and gums in good shape. This helps prevent bacteria from overgrowing and spreading to other parts of your body. To do this: […] Brush and floss your teeth twice a day. […] Get regular dental cleanings and exams. […] Eat fewer sugary foods. Sugary foods can increase your risk for tooth decay.

• #14 ClinMed International Library | Cervicofacial Actinomycosis | Journal of Family Medicine and Disease Prevention

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jfmdp/journal-of-family-medicine-and-disease-prevention-jfmdp-2-028.php?jid=jfmdp

  Actinomycosis is an infectious disease with a world-wide distribution caused by anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria residing in the oral cavity. […] There are no specific measures for preventing actinomycosis, however, maintenance of good personal orodental hygiene, and in particular, removal of dental plaque, may reduce the density if not the incidence of colonization and low-grade periodontal infection with Actinomyces species.

• #15 What Is Cervicofacial Actinomycosis?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/infectious-diseases/cervicofacial-actinomycosis

  There are no specific measures to be taken to prevent actinomycosis. Maintenance of good personal or dental hygiene, and in particular, maintaining oral hygiene, and removal of dental plaque, reduces the density and incidence of colonization and low-grade periodontal infection with actinomyces species.

• #16 Cervicofacial actinomycosis: important considerations on a mimicking disease

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/4215/421564337008/html/

  Actinomycosis is a rare chronic suppurative infection that affects upper airways and the gastrointestinal tract. […] Health care professionals knowledge about the disease is crucial in a way to promote its prevention, early diagnosis and proper treatment. […] Adequate oral hygiene with proper dental plaque control can prevent the disease, since it impairs the growth of Actinomyces in the oral environment. […] In this context, prevention is the best approach, where basic prophylactic procedures and oral hygiene are capable of preventing the disease.

• #17 Actinomycosis Treatment, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Types

  https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/microbiology/actinomycosis-treatment-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-types

  By maintaining good oral health, you can lower your risk of developing the most prevalent kind of actinomycosis, cervicofacial actinomycosis. This comprises: […] Avoiding tobacco use in general, including smoking. […] Using fluoride toothpaste to brush your teeth at least twice daily. […] Everyday flossing. […] Using a mouthwash with antibiotics. […] Going to the dentist frequently. They can identify any possible problems with your teeth and gums at an early stage. […] Other types of actinomycosis are rare and difficult to prevent.

• #18 3 Ways to Prevent Actinomycosis – wikiHow Health

  https://www.wikihow.health/Prevent-Actinomycosis

  Actinomycosis is caused by the Actinomycetaceae family of bacteria, which normally live harmlessly in the lining of the mouth, throat, digestive system and vagina, entering damaged tissue after trauma, surgery or other infection. […] However, there are some practical steps you can take to avoid certain cases of actinomycosis and, if you do develop an infection, it is important that you recognize its symptoms and understand your treatment options. […] Practice good oral hygiene. Oral cervicofacial actinomycosis is the most common form of actinomycosis, constituting 50-70 percent of all cases. It is usually the result of poor dental hygiene, so it is important that you maintain your tooth and gum health. This will help prevent the development of any infections in your mouth due to gum disease and tooth decay, as well as limit the chances of infection if you are injured or have oral surgery. […] Avoid swallowing or inhaling foreign objects. Certain cases of thoracic and abdominal actinomycosis are caused by the ingestion or inhalation of foreign objects. […] Monitor facial and abdominal infections. If you have appendicitis and your appendix bursts, abdominal actinomycosis can often develop if the intestines are damaged by the infected bile or during surgery. […] Remove your intrauterine device (IUD) when recommended. Pelvic actinomycosis is the rarest manifestation of the infection, accounting for only 10 percent of all cases. It usually only occurs when an IUD is left in the uterine wall longer than the manufacturer recommends. In order to avoid this infection, follow your doctors instructions about properly maintaining your IUD and, if an infection develops, have the IUD removed.

• #19 Actinomycosis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17126

  Good oral hygiene and limitation of alcohol may limit cervicofacial, pulmonary, and central nervous system (CNS) actinomycosis. […] In women, changing the IUD device every five years prevents actinomycosis infection.

• #20 Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and | IDR

  https://www.dovepress.com/actinomycosis-etiology-clinical-features-diagnosis-treatment-and-manag-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR

  Preventive measures, such as reduction of alcohol abuse and improvement of dental hygiene, may limit occurrence of pulmonary, cervicofacial, and central nervous system actinomycosis. […] In women, intrauterine devices must be changed every 5 years in order to limit the occurrence of pelvic actinomycosis. […] Specific preventive measures (reduction of alcohol abuse, dental hygiene, change of IUD every 5 years) may limit the occurrence of actinomycosis.

• #21 Actinomycosis primary prevention – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Actinomycosis_primary_prevention

  Effective measures for the primary prevention of actinomycosis include regular dental checkups and maintaining good oral hygiene. In woman with IUD, regular pelvic examination is advised. […] The following table demonstrates various primary preventive measures employed to prevent actinomycosis infection. […] Cervicofacial actinomycosis Regular dental checkups […] Good oral hygiene […] Pelvic actinomycosis Regular pelvic examination in women with IUD […] Thoracic and abdominal actinomycosis Prevention of aspiration in high-risk individuals by providing proper attention towards airway protection, minimal sedation, and proper positioning of patients with elevation of the head in hospitalized patients.

• #22 Actinomycosis | Lumpy Jaw – Symptoms, Diagnosis, Types, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/actinomycosis.htm

  The best way to prevent actinomycosis is good hygiene practices. Good oral and skin hygiene are best preventives against this infection. Women should maintain vaginal hygiene to avoid pelvic actinomycosis.

• #23 3 Ways to Prevent Actinomycosis – wikiHow Health

  https://www.wikihow.health/Prevent-Actinomycosis

  Actinomycosis is caused by the Actinomycetaceae family of bacteria, which normally live harmlessly in the lining of the mouth, throat, digestive system and vagina, entering damaged tissue after trauma, surgery or other infection. […] However, there are some practical steps you can take to avoid certain cases of actinomycosis and, if you do develop an infection, it is important that you recognize its symptoms and understand your treatment options. […] Practice good oral hygiene. Oral cervicofacial actinomycosis is the most common form of actinomycosis, constituting 50-70 percent of all cases. It is usually the result of poor dental hygiene, so it is important that you maintain your tooth and gum health. This will help prevent the development of any infections in your mouth due to gum disease and tooth decay, as well as limit the chances of infection if you are injured or have oral surgery. […] Avoid swallowing or inhaling foreign objects. Certain cases of thoracic and abdominal actinomycosis are caused by the ingestion or inhalation of foreign objects. […] Monitor facial and abdominal infections. If you have appendicitis and your appendix bursts, abdominal actinomycosis can often develop if the intestines are damaged by the infected bile or during surgery. […] Remove your intrauterine device (IUD) when recommended. Pelvic actinomycosis is the rarest manifestation of the infection, accounting for only 10 percent of all cases. It usually only occurs when an IUD is left in the uterine wall longer than the manufacturer recommends. In order to avoid this infection, follow your doctors instructions about properly maintaining your IUD and, if an infection develops, have the IUD removed.

• #24 British Journal of Nursing – Actinomycosis: a case report of two patients treated for the condition who required stoma formation

  https://www.britishjournalofnursing.com/content/pelvic-infection/actinomycosis-a-case-report-of-two-patients-treated-for-the-condition-who-required-stoma-formation/

  Actinomycosis is a rare bacterial condition that is seen infrequently and no studies have examined its prevalence or incidence globally. […] Both patients had been fitted with copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) 10 years previously and were not aware that leaving IUDs in situ for a prolonged period increased their risk of infection. […] Greater awareness about the risk of leaving IUDs in situ for prolonged periods is needed among gastrointestinal, colorectal and gynaecological practitioners.

• #25 Actinomycosis primary prevention – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Actinomycosis_primary_prevention

  Effective measures for the primary prevention of actinomycosis include regular dental checkups and maintaining good oral hygiene. In woman with IUD, regular pelvic examination is advised. […] The following table demonstrates various primary preventive measures employed to prevent actinomycosis infection. […] Cervicofacial actinomycosis Regular dental checkups […] Good oral hygiene […] Pelvic actinomycosis Regular pelvic examination in women with IUD […] Thoracic and abdominal actinomycosis Prevention of aspiration in high-risk individuals by providing proper attention towards airway protection, minimal sedation, and proper positioning of patients with elevation of the head in hospitalized patients.

• #26 Actinomycosis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17126

  Good oral hygiene and limitation of alcohol may limit cervicofacial, pulmonary, and central nervous system (CNS) actinomycosis. […] In women, changing the IUD device every five years prevents actinomycosis infection.

• #27

  https://journals.lww.com/mtsm/fulltext/2022/06010/actinomycosis_in_head_and_neck_region___a_review.1.aspx

  Preventive measures such as low alcohol abuse and improvement of dental hygiene may reduce the improvement of dental hygiene, may limit the occurrence of cervicofacial, pulmonary, and central nervous of cervicofacial, pulmonary, and CNS actinomycosis.

• #28 3 Ways to Prevent Actinomycosis – wikiHow Health

  https://www.wikihow.health/Prevent-Actinomycosis

  Actinomycosis is caused by the Actinomycetaceae family of bacteria, which normally live harmlessly in the lining of the mouth, throat, digestive system and vagina, entering damaged tissue after trauma, surgery or other infection. […] However, there are some practical steps you can take to avoid certain cases of actinomycosis and, if you do develop an infection, it is important that you recognize its symptoms and understand your treatment options. […] Practice good oral hygiene. Oral cervicofacial actinomycosis is the most common form of actinomycosis, constituting 50-70 percent of all cases. It is usually the result of poor dental hygiene, so it is important that you maintain your tooth and gum health. This will help prevent the development of any infections in your mouth due to gum disease and tooth decay, as well as limit the chances of infection if you are injured or have oral surgery. […] Avoid swallowing or inhaling foreign objects. Certain cases of thoracic and abdominal actinomycosis are caused by the ingestion or inhalation of foreign objects. […] Monitor facial and abdominal infections. If you have appendicitis and your appendix bursts, abdominal actinomycosis can often develop if the intestines are damaged by the infected bile or during surgery. […] Remove your intrauterine device (IUD) when recommended. Pelvic actinomycosis is the rarest manifestation of the infection, accounting for only 10 percent of all cases. It usually only occurs when an IUD is left in the uterine wall longer than the manufacturer recommends. In order to avoid this infection, follow your doctors instructions about properly maintaining your IUD and, if an infection develops, have the IUD removed.

• #29 Pulmonary actinomycosis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000074.htm

  Good dental hygiene may help reduce your risk for actinomycosis.

• #30 Is appendectomy always the adequate treatment? Clinical manifestations of isolated actinomycosis in appendix – Turkish Journal of Surgery

  https://turkjsurg.com/articles/is-appendectomy-always-the-adequate-treatment-clinical-manifestations-of-isolated-actinomycosis-in-appendix/doi/turkjsurg.2021.4015

  Isolated appendiceal actinomycosis is a rare chronic progressive suppurative infection. […] It is an important point that should be considered by clinicians that definitive treatment of the infection is possible by appropriate antibiotic use. […] Accurate diagnosis is the key to treatment success. Control and cure of the infection is only possible with long-term penicillin treatment after appendectomy.

• #31 Actinomycosis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17126

  Good oral hygiene and limitation of alcohol may limit cervicofacial, pulmonary, and central nervous system (CNS) actinomycosis. […] In women, changing the IUD device every five years prevents actinomycosis infection.

• #32 Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and | IDR

  https://www.dovepress.com/actinomycosis-etiology-clinical-features-diagnosis-treatment-and-manag-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR

  Preventive measures, such as reduction of alcohol abuse and improvement of dental hygiene, may limit occurrence of pulmonary, cervicofacial, and central nervous system actinomycosis. […] In women, intrauterine devices must be changed every 5 years in order to limit the occurrence of pelvic actinomycosis. […] Specific preventive measures (reduction of alcohol abuse, dental hygiene, change of IUD every 5 years) may limit the occurrence of actinomycosis.

• #33 Actinomycosis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17126

  Good oral hygiene and limitation of alcohol may limit cervicofacial, pulmonary, and central nervous system (CNS) actinomycosis. […] In women, changing the IUD device every five years prevents actinomycosis infection.

• #34 Innovative Techniques in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Actinomyc

  https://www.longdom.org/open-access/innovative-techniques-in-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-actinomycosis-107973.html

  Preventive measures focus on reducing the risk factors associated with actinomycosis. […] Maintaining good dental hygiene and regular dental check-ups to prevent dental infections. […] Seeking early treatment for injuries or infections that could potentially lead to deeper tissue invasion. […] Monitoring and regular replacement of intrauterine devices to prevent pelvic infections. […] Preventive measures, particularly good oral hygiene and cautious use of medical devices, are essential to reduce the risk of infection.

• #35 Actinomycosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/actinomycosis/

  Preventing actinomycosis involves taking steps to reduce the risk factors associated with the infection. […] Maintaining good oral hygiene by brushing and flossing regularly and visiting the dentist for routine check-ups can help prevent cervicofacial actinomycosis. […] Women using intrauterine devices should follow their doctor’s recommendations for regular check-ups to ensure the device is functioning correctly and not causing any complications. […] Timely treatment of wounds, injuries, and infections can help prevent the bacteria from invading deeper tissues. […] Proper management of chronic lung diseases and other conditions that weaken the immune system can reduce the risk of actinomycosis. […] Good oral hygiene and timely treatment of dental infections can help prevent actinomycosis.

• #36 Actinomycosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/actinomycosis/

  Preventing actinomycosis involves taking steps to reduce the risk factors associated with the infection. […] Maintaining good oral hygiene by brushing and flossing regularly and visiting the dentist for routine check-ups can help prevent cervicofacial actinomycosis. […] Women using intrauterine devices should follow their doctor’s recommendations for regular check-ups to ensure the device is functioning correctly and not causing any complications. […] Timely treatment of wounds, injuries, and infections can help prevent the bacteria from invading deeper tissues. […] Proper management of chronic lung diseases and other conditions that weaken the immune system can reduce the risk of actinomycosis. […] Good oral hygiene and timely treatment of dental infections can help prevent actinomycosis.

• #37 Actinomycosis: Causes, types, symptoms, and diagnosis

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/245144

  Actinomycosis develops slowly, but it can have a serious impact on a persons health. It is important to get early treatment if it occurs. […] Authors of a study published in 2014 suggest the following ways of reducing the risk of developing actinomycosis: avoiding alcohol abuse, maintaining good overall health, keeping long-term medical conditions under control, practicing good dental and oral hygiene. […] In countries with good access to antibiotics and dental services, the chance of having actinomycosis tends to be lower.

• #38 MedPharmRes

  https://www.medpharmres.com/archive/view_article?pid=mpr-5-3-16

  Patients with Crohns disease may present with lesions in their oral cavity. […] Actinomycosis may be a cause of oral lesions in Crohns disease patient, particularly in immunosuppressed patient. […] Bacterial cultures and pathology are the cornerstones of diagnosis and should be performed in suspected cases to prevent misdiagnosis. […] The causative agent of oral actinomycosis is originated from flora of the oropharyngeal mucous membrane. Disruption of the mucosal barrier is the main triggering factor of the infection. […] Gram staining of pus and pathology of infected tissue are of great interest for the diagnosis of actinomycosis, as it is usually more sensitive than culture. […] Culture and pathology are keys to diagnose actinomycosis. […] It is important to consider actinomycosis in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions in CD patients, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. […] Patients with actinomycosis require prolonged (6- to 12-month) high doses of penicillin G or amoxicillin, until the lesions are completely healed.

• #39 Actinomycosis in Cattle and Other Animals – Infectious Diseases – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/infectious-diseases/actinomycosis/actinomycosis-in-cattle-and-other-animals

  Because A bovis is part of the normal oral microbiota in ruminants, control focuses on avoidance of coarse, stemmy feeds or feeds with plant awns that might damage the mucosal epithelium. Infections are most prevalent in cattle in wintertime or drought situations where high-quality feedstuffs run short, leaving low-quality, stemmy feedstuffs as the only available feeds. […] When multiple cases occur in a herd, it is not by a contagious mechanism but rather from the widespread herd exposure to a risk factor (ie, coarse feed). […] Control focuses on avoidance of coarse feeds or feeds with plant awns that might damage the mucosal epithelium.

• #40 Actinomycosis in Cattle and Other Animals – Infectious Diseases – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/infectious-diseases/actinomycosis/actinomycosis-in-cattle-and-other-animals

  Because A bovis is part of the normal oral microbiota in ruminants, control focuses on avoidance of coarse, stemmy feeds or feeds with plant awns that might damage the mucosal epithelium. Infections are most prevalent in cattle in wintertime or drought situations where high-quality feedstuffs run short, leaving low-quality, stemmy feedstuffs as the only available feeds. […] When multiple cases occur in a herd, it is not by a contagious mechanism but rather from the widespread herd exposure to a risk factor (ie, coarse feed). […] Control focuses on avoidance of coarse feeds or feeds with plant awns that might damage the mucosal epithelium.

• #41 Actinomycosis in Cattle and Other Animals – Infectious Diseases – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/infectious-diseases/actinomycosis/actinomycosis-in-cattle-and-other-animals

  Because A bovis is part of the normal oral microbiota in ruminants, control focuses on avoidance of coarse, stemmy feeds or feeds with plant awns that might damage the mucosal epithelium. Infections are most prevalent in cattle in wintertime or drought situations where high-quality feedstuffs run short, leaving low-quality, stemmy feedstuffs as the only available feeds. […] When multiple cases occur in a herd, it is not by a contagious mechanism but rather from the widespread herd exposure to a risk factor (ie, coarse feed). […] Control focuses on avoidance of coarse feeds or feeds with plant awns that might damage the mucosal epithelium.

• #42 Actinomycosis in Dogs – Causes, Treatment and Associated Conditions – Vetster

  https://vetster.com/en/conditions/dog/actinomycosis-in-dogs

  Actinomycosis is only transmitted when wounds are contaminated with Actinomyces bacteria. […] Actinomycosis does not spread from pet to pet or from pet to person without being introduced to deeper tissues because of a wound.

• #43 Actinomycosis in Cattle and Other Animals – Infectious Diseases – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/infectious-diseases/actinomycosis/actinomycosis-in-cattle-and-other-animals

  Because A bovis is part of the normal oral microbiota in ruminants, control focuses on avoidance of coarse, stemmy feeds or feeds with plant awns that might damage the mucosal epithelium. Infections are most prevalent in cattle in wintertime or drought situations where high-quality feedstuffs run short, leaving low-quality, stemmy feedstuffs as the only available feeds. […] When multiple cases occur in a herd, it is not by a contagious mechanism but rather from the widespread herd exposure to a risk factor (ie, coarse feed). […] Control focuses on avoidance of coarse feeds or feeds with plant awns that might damage the mucosal epithelium.

• #44 A systematic review of case reports of hepatic actinomycosis | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-021-01821-5

  HA should be considered in patients with a subacute or chronic inflammatory process of the liver. With accurate and timely diagnosis of infection, extensive surgery can be prevented. […] Although for preventing HA, we do not have specific measures yet, keeping good personal dental hygiene and, specifically, removing dental plaque may be effective in reducing the density. However, effectiveness of such measures in reducing the probability of incidence of colonization and low-grade periodontal infection with Actinomyces species is not proved. […] Therefore, it is recommended that HA be diagnosed correctly before deciding on surgery by using a variety of diagnostic methods considering the fact that, in many patients, infection can be controlled using only antibiotics. Finally, due to the tendency of the disease to recur, the antibiotic treatment must incorporate high doses and have a prolonged duration. A long-term follow-up is also necessary to monitor the treatment response and detect any recurrence early. The duration of treatment should be individualized based on disease location, severity, and changes in follow-up imaging.

• #45 A systematic review of case reports of hepatic actinomycosis | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-021-01821-5

  HA should be considered in patients with a subacute or chronic inflammatory process of the liver. With accurate and timely diagnosis of infection, extensive surgery can be prevented. […] Although for preventing HA, we do not have specific measures yet, keeping good personal dental hygiene and, specifically, removing dental plaque may be effective in reducing the density. However, effectiveness of such measures in reducing the probability of incidence of colonization and low-grade periodontal infection with Actinomyces species is not proved. […] Therefore, it is recommended that HA be diagnosed correctly before deciding on surgery by using a variety of diagnostic methods considering the fact that, in many patients, infection can be controlled using only antibiotics. Finally, due to the tendency of the disease to recur, the antibiotic treatment must incorporate high doses and have a prolonged duration. A long-term follow-up is also necessary to monitor the treatment response and detect any recurrence early. The duration of treatment should be individualized based on disease location, severity, and changes in follow-up imaging.

• #46 A systematic review of case reports of hepatic actinomycosis | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-021-01821-5

  HA should be considered in patients with a subacute or chronic inflammatory process of the liver. With accurate and timely diagnosis of infection, extensive surgery can be prevented. […] Although for preventing HA, we do not have specific measures yet, keeping good personal dental hygiene and, specifically, removing dental plaque may be effective in reducing the density. However, effectiveness of such measures in reducing the probability of incidence of colonization and low-grade periodontal infection with Actinomyces species is not proved. […] Therefore, it is recommended that HA be diagnosed correctly before deciding on surgery by using a variety of diagnostic methods considering the fact that, in many patients, infection can be controlled using only antibiotics. Finally, due to the tendency of the disease to recur, the antibiotic treatment must incorporate high doses and have a prolonged duration. A long-term follow-up is also necessary to monitor the treatment response and detect any recurrence early. The duration of treatment should be individualized based on disease location, severity, and changes in follow-up imaging.

• #47 Is appendectomy always the adequate treatment? Clinical manifestations of isolated actinomycosis in appendix – Turkish Journal of Surgery

  https://turkjsurg.com/articles/is-appendectomy-always-the-adequate-treatment-clinical-manifestations-of-isolated-actinomycosis-in-appendix/doi/turkjsurg.2021.4015

  Isolated appendiceal actinomycosis is a rare chronic progressive suppurative infection. […] It is an important point that should be considered by clinicians that definitive treatment of the infection is possible by appropriate antibiotic use. […] Accurate diagnosis is the key to treatment success. Control and cure of the infection is only possible with long-term penicillin treatment after appendectomy.

• #48 MedPharmRes

  https://www.medpharmres.com/archive/view_article?pid=mpr-5-3-16

  Patients with Crohns disease may present with lesions in their oral cavity. […] Actinomycosis may be a cause of oral lesions in Crohns disease patient, particularly in immunosuppressed patient. […] Bacterial cultures and pathology are the cornerstones of diagnosis and should be performed in suspected cases to prevent misdiagnosis. […] The causative agent of oral actinomycosis is originated from flora of the oropharyngeal mucous membrane. Disruption of the mucosal barrier is the main triggering factor of the infection. […] Gram staining of pus and pathology of infected tissue are of great interest for the diagnosis of actinomycosis, as it is usually more sensitive than culture. […] Culture and pathology are keys to diagnose actinomycosis. […] It is important to consider actinomycosis in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions in CD patients, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. […] Patients with actinomycosis require prolonged (6- to 12-month) high doses of penicillin G or amoxicillin, until the lesions are completely healed.

• #49 Actinomycosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/actinomycosis

  One of the best ways to prevent actinomycosis is to practice good oral hygiene. Schedule regular visits with your dentist so that they can spot potential problems. […] If you get proper treatment for actinomycosis, its highly curable and youll likely make a full recovery.

• #50 Cervicofacial actinomycosis: important considerations on a mimicking disease

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/4215/421564337008/html/

  Actinomycosis is a rare chronic suppurative infection that affects upper airways and the gastrointestinal tract. […] Health care professionals knowledge about the disease is crucial in a way to promote its prevention, early diagnosis and proper treatment. […] Adequate oral hygiene with proper dental plaque control can prevent the disease, since it impairs the growth of Actinomyces in the oral environment. […] In this context, prevention is the best approach, where basic prophylactic procedures and oral hygiene are capable of preventing the disease.

• #51 Cervicofacial actinomycosis: important considerations on a mimicking disease

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/4215/421564337008/html/

  Actinomycosis is a rare chronic suppurative infection that affects upper airways and the gastrointestinal tract. […] Health care professionals knowledge about the disease is crucial in a way to promote its prevention, early diagnosis and proper treatment. […] Adequate oral hygiene with proper dental plaque control can prevent the disease, since it impairs the growth of Actinomyces in the oral environment. […] In this context, prevention is the best approach, where basic prophylactic procedures and oral hygiene are capable of preventing the disease.

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