Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and | IDR

  https://www.dovepress.com/actinomycosis-etiology-clinical-features-diagnosis-treatment-and-manag-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR

  Actinomycosis is a rare chronic disease caused by Actinomyces spp., anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria that normally colonize the human mouth and digestive and genital tracts. […] Patients with actinomycosis require prolonged (6- to 12-month) high doses (to facilitate the drug penetration in abscess and in infected tissues) of penicillin G or amoxicillin, but the duration of antimicrobial therapy could probably be shortened to 3 months in patients in whom optimal surgical resection of infected tissues has been performed. […] Preventive measures, such as reduction of alcohol abuse and improvement of dental hygiene, may limit occurrence of pulmonary, cervicofacial, and central nervous system actinomycosis. […] In women, intrauterine devices must be changed every 5 years in order to limit the occurrence of pelvic actinomycosis.

• #1 Actinomycosis Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/211587-treatment

  In most cases of actinomycosis, antimicrobial therapy is the only treatment required, although surgery can be adjunctive in selected cases. Penicillin G is the drug of choice for treating infections caused by actinomycetes. […] Parenteral antibiotics are administered initially via PICC line, with transition to oral agents. […] Surgical therapy may include incision and drainage of abscesses, excision of sinus tracts and recalcitrant fibrotic lesions, decompression of closed-space infections, and interventions aimed at relieving obstruction (eg, when actinomycotic lesions compress the ureter). […] No specific dietary precautions are indicated in patients with actinomycosis. […] Patients with actinomycosis may be active to the degree tolerated. […] Maintenance of good oral hygiene and adequate regular dental care are important.

• #1 Treatment of actinomycosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-actinomycosis

  Management of actinomycosis often entails prolonged courses of antimicrobials. Surgical intervention may also be necessary in more complicated cases, such as infection in critical spaces (eg, epidural infections, brain abscesses), patients with massive hemoptysis, or when extensive abscesses and fistulous tracts are present. […] For severe infection, we recommend an initial course of intravenous penicillin G (10 to 20 million units daily in divided doses every four to six hours). […] Surgery is also warranted in certain severe cases. […] Initial parenteral therapy is typically given for four to six weeks. Switching from intravenous to oral therapy is usually possible after there is significant improvement in the patient’s condition, which typically happens within this time frame.

• #1 Actinomycosis Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/211587-treatment

  Follow up on outpatient intravenous antibiotic programs and switch patients to oral antibiotic therapy. Prolonged antibiotic therapy is often required. […] Place a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) for administration of intravenous antibiotics. […] If penicillin therapy is failing, consider broadening the antimicrobial spectrum to cover the potentially uncultured companion bacteria.

• #1 Actinomycosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482151/

  Actinomycosis is generally not diagnosed until the chronic phase. […] In otherwise healthy individuals, the infection is generally treatable with a prolonged course of intravenous antibiotics; the outcome is more nebulous for immunocompromised individuals. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of actinomycosis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with this condition. […] Explain why a well-integrated, interprofessional team approach is needed to provide optimal care to patients with actinomycosis. […] Most of the cases can be managed with antibiotics; surgery can be adjunctive. […] The duration of therapy is usually 6 to 12 months but can be shortened if surgical resection of the infected site has been performed. […] The response to treatment can be monitored with imaging.

• #1 Actinomycosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24981-actinomycosis

  Actinomycosis is an infection with Actinomyces bacteria. Providers treat it with high doses of antibiotics over several months. Healthcare providers treat actinomycosis with high doses of antibiotics. A provider usually gives you antibiotics through an IV in your arm for a few days or weeks, then you continue to take an antibiotic in pill form at home. You may need to take antibiotics for months or even a year for actinomycosis to completely go away. If you stop antibiotics too soon, the infection can come back or start spreading again. The best way to take care of yourself with actinomycosis is to take all of your medication as prescribed and keep all follow-up appointments with your provider. Keep in close contact with your provider while you’re still treating actinomycosis. Contact them if you have any questions or if your symptoms get worse.

• #1 Thoracic actinomycosis – EMCrit Project

  https://emcrit.org/ibcc/actinomycosis/

  Actinomycosis is a chronic infection with a tendency to dissect across tissue planes, in a fashion which often mimics cancer. It is frequently misdiagnosed initially. […] Patients may improve transiently while on antibiotic therapy, but subsequently deteriorate off antibiotics. […] Debridement may be helpful therapeutically, for example: Massive refractory hemoptysis, Excision of sinus tracts, Decompression of closed-space infections. […] For mild-moderate disease, oral antibiotics may be adequate (e.g., amoxicillin or oral penicillin). In severe disease, IV therapy may be utilized. IV penicillin is often front-line therapy (18-24 MU/day). […] Prolonged therapy may be needed for severe disease (e.g., ~2-6 weeks of intravenous therapy followed by 6-12 months of oral treatment). However, the duration of IV therapy may depend on clinical context and how well the selected antibiotic is orally absorbed. […] Premature discontinuation of therapy may lead to recurrence or local complications.

• #1 Actinomycosis – DoveMed

  https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/actinomycosis

  Prolonged treatment with antibiotics is necessary to remove the infection. In some cases, the abscess may need to be surgically drained or removed. […] The treatment measure for Actinomycosis may include: Prolonged use of antibiotics (anywhere from 2 months to over 12 months); typically, -lactam (such as penicillin, amoxicillin) or tetracycline family of antibiotics are used. […] Surgical drainage of abscess; draining the abscess by inserting a needle. […] Surgical removal of infected tissue: Surgery is sometimes necessary for cases in which large abscesses have developed, the infection has spread to organs and bones, and antibiotics alone are unsatisfactory. […] Surgery creates an aerobic environment, which is detrimental to bacterial growth. It also allows for the excision of lesions, drainage of sinuses, as well as containment and elimination of the disease.

• #1 Southwest Journal of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep – Imaging – Medical Image of the Week: Actinomycosis

  https://www.swjpcc.com/imaging/2015/5/27/medical-image-of-the-week-actinomycosis.html

  A 55-year-old man with history of tobacco and alcohol abuse, presented with unresolving pneumonia despite treatment with moxifloxacin. […] The management of necrotizing pneumonia is multidisciplinary; including adequate antibiotic therapy, mechanical ventilation, closed pleural drainage and supportive care. […] Despite the serious morbidity, massive parenchymal damage and prolonged hospitalizations, long-term outcome following necrotizing pneumonia is good with multidisciplinary care. […] If initial medical therapy fails, surgery is a reasonable option. Resection of gangrenous lung parenchyma and drainage of pleural empyema can lead to recovery in up to 80% of patients. […] Outcome is affected by the severity of disease and underlying comorbidities. It should be considered once operative risk is acceptable.

• #1 Actinomycosis – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/actinomycosis-3/

  If abscess formation is suspected, imaging studies should be obtained to delineate the lesion and to provide a baseline to evaluate treatment options. […] Systemic medications are critical to treatment success. […] Uncomplicated infections can be treated with antibiotic therapy alone. […] Surgical debridement or excision of the abscess is not always needed, but can be performed in cases of antibiotic failure, rapid progression of disease, or for cosmetic reasons. Following excision, traditional courses of antibiotics are prescribed to prevent relapse. […] The use of hyperbaric oxygen in refractory cases of actinomycosis is supported by several trials; however, it should only be used as an adjunct to concurrent medical therapy.

• #1 Actinomycosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482151/

  Actinomycosis is best managed by an interprofessional team that includes an infectious disease specialist, intensivist, general surgeon, endocrinologist, and an internist. […] These patients need close monitoring by nurses because the infection can rapidly prove fatal in immunocompromised hosts or patients with diabetes. […] The prognosis for most patients is good, but extensive scarring may be the result. […] Good oral hygiene and limitation of alcohol may limit cervicofacial, pulmonary, and central nervous system (CNS) actinomycosis. […] In women, changing the IUD device every five years prevents actinomycosis infection.

• #1 Actinomycosis – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/actinomycosis-3/

  Close follow-up of a patient with actinomycosis is critical to the successful treatment of the disease. Clinical signs of improvement after antibiotic therapy has been initiated include steady regression of the abscess or area of induration and erythema. Drainage from sinus tracts will be reduced or cease. Imaging studies may show regression of the abscess. […] Important counseling to give to the patient and family revolve around strict compliance with therapy. Because of the proclivity for the disease to recur, even after decades, the prescribed course of antibiotic must be finished. This may include extending the course of therapy for more than a year beyond the initially prescribed course. […] Treatment options are summarized in Table I. […] Optimally, pus with granular material should be collected for culture to detect antibiotic sensitivity prior to the administration of antibiotics.

• #1 Pelvic actinomycosis in a woman without the presence of an intrauterine device – Women’s Healthcare

  https://www.npwomenshealthcare.com/pelvic-actinomycosis-in-a-woman-without-the-presence-of-an-intrauterine-device/

  Pelvic actinomycosis is considered a diagnostic challenge due to its inconspicuous and prolonged clinical course involving non-specific symptoms. […] The WHNP is well-positioned to provide a comprehensive approach in investigating challenging cases such as that with EC. Their expertise in womens health, history taking, physical examination, and diagnostic reasoning provide the foundation to move the process forward and to initiate appropriate consultations and referrals. […] The prognosis for the patient without extensive or complicated disease is excellent with appropriate antibiotic therapy. […] Long-term intravenous antibiotic therapy in conjunction with surgical intervention may be warranted depending on imaging findings, severity of symptoms, and lack of improvement with oral antibiotic treatment. […] In the case of pelvic actinomycosis when an IUD is in place, the recommendation is to remove the device after initiating antibiotics.

• #1 British Journal of Nursing – Actinomycosis: a case report of two patients treated for the condition who required stoma formation

  https://www.britishjournalofnursing.com/content/pelvic-infection/actinomycosis-a-case-report-of-two-patients-treated-for-the-condition-who-required-stoma-formation/

  Actinomycosis is a rare bacterial condition that is seen infrequently and no studies have examined its prevalence or incidence globally. […] The author, a stoma care clinical nurse specialist (CNS), found herself caring for two such patients 3 weeks apart, both of whom were diagnosed with pelvic actinomycosis. […] The case studies show how both women presented and were treated, with interventions including emergency surgery, long-term antibiotic therapy and stoma formation. […] Greater awareness about the risk of leaving IUDs in situ for prolonged periods is needed among gastrointestinal, colorectal and gynaecological practitioners.

• #1 Effective Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy For Actinomycosis TreatmentAccessibility ToolsIncrease TextDecrease TextGrayscaleHigh ContrastNegative ContrastLight BackgroundLinks UnderlineReadable FontResetSitemap

  https://hyperbaricoxygeninstitute.com/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-actinomycosis/

  Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a well-established and effective adjunctive therapy for Actinomycosis. […] The treatment for Actinomycosis depends on the severity and location of the infection. In addition to antibiotics and surgery, doctors may also recommend pain medications or other supportive therapies to manage symptoms. […] However, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has emerged as a promising adjunctive therapy for Actinomycosis treatment in recent years. […] HBOT is increasingly being recognized as an effective adjunctive therapy for Actinomycosis. […] The main advantages of HBOT for Actinomycosis patients are: Enhanced effectiveness of antibiotics and other traditional treatments, Promotion of healing and regeneration of tissues, Improvement in tissue oxygenation and angiogenesis, Reduction in the need for invasive surgeries, Potential reduction in the duration of antibiotic treatment, Faster recovery, Improved quality of life.

• #1 Effective Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy For Actinomycosis TreatmentAccessibility ToolsIncrease TextDecrease TextGrayscaleHigh ContrastNegative ContrastLight BackgroundLinks UnderlineReadable FontResetSitemap

  https://hyperbaricoxygeninstitute.com/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-actinomycosis/

  Overall, HBOT is considered a safe and effective adjunctive therapy for Actinomycosis management, with few reported side effects when administered by qualified professionals. […] Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has shown remarkable effectiveness in the treatment of Actinomycosis. […] Research has shown that Actinomycosis patients who receive HBOT in combination with traditional antibiotic therapy have a higher chance of achieving full remission and experiencing a faster recovery time than those who only receive antibiotic treatment. […] By promoting faster healing and reducing the need for invasive procedures, HBOT can significantly improve the overall quality of life for Actinomycosis patients. […] While there are potential risks and side effects associated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the benefits for Actinomycosis patients generally outweigh the risks.

• #1 Musculoskeletal actinomycosis in children: a case report | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-021-06890-2

  Actinomycosis is a rare infectious disease caused by Actinomyces, especially in children. […] Pediatric actinomycosis is a rare and challenging infectious disease. Early accurate diagnosis and optimal surgical debridement are important for the management of pediatric actinomycosis. […] The diagnosis of actinomycosis is challenging, and it frequently mimics malignancy, TB, granulomatous disease, nocardiosis, or botryomycosis. […] Antibiotics are the first choice of actinomycosis treatment. Actinomyces is extremely susceptible to -lactam antimicrobial agents, classically penicillin G or amoxicillin. […] In summary, we reported a rare pediatric case of musculoskeletal actinomycosis affecting the right lower extremity. Multiple examinations are needed to make a differential diagnosis of actinomycosis, especially in children. Consistent with previous reports, our case showed that optimal surgical debridement, in addition to antimicrobial therapy, is effective in treating actinomycosis.

• #1 Actinomycosis – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/infectious-diseases/actinomycosis-2/

  Actinomycosis has clinical manifestations that depend on where the infection is present. The largest number of patients will have a slow or moderately slow progression process involving the face/neck. One of the hallmarks is a draining lesion that may have been preceded by a localized swelling. This can be painful but is usually well tolerated and subacute. Fever may be present and there may be other systemic symptoms such as weight loss. […] The core treatment strategy is adequate antibiotics. Even if surgery has been performed, antibiotics are used to clean up residual bits of infection and prevent the need for more extensive further debridement. If surgery is being contemplated, a trial of antibiotics can reduce the extent of future surgery or completely treat the infection and preclude the need for surgery. Treatment courses have not been studied in a controlled fashion due to the rarity of the infection, but general principle involves long courses of treatment. The bulk of the treatment regimen can be given orally.

• #1 Primary cutaneous actinomycosis: a diagnosis consideration in people living with HIV/AIDS | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text

  https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-019-0232-4

  The adverse reaction, nevertheless, owing to prolonged and high dose of penicillin therapy, are common including pseudomembranous colitis, interstitial nephritis, epigastric distress, urticarial, leukopenia, allergic reactions, eosinophilia, and super-infection. […] Therefore, it is mandatory that the therapeutic regimen should be customized for each patient depending upon the susceptibility of the pathogen against the antibiotics.

• #1 Actinomycosis – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/infectious-diseases/actinomycosis-2/

  Although the microbiologic challenge of actinomycosis is largely related to the difficulty of maintaining adherence to a long course of therapy, the problem tends to be the structural changes that persist even after cure. Regression of swelling can be incomplete and surgical co-management can be useful. Surgery can be delayed until the full effects of antibiotics can be assessed.

• #2

  https://wmjonline.org/123no4/liu/

  Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic, progressive bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species with a reported incidence of 1 in 300000. […] Actinomycosis tends to take advantage of anatomical defects for contiguous spread and can cause fistulas, sinus tracts, abscesses, and intrauterine device-associated infections. […] The condition is often mistaken for other infections or malignancy, which can delay appropriate treatment and increase the risk of complications. […] Actinomycosis is frequently misdiagnosed, leading to delays in appropriate treatment.

• #2 Actinomycosis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/actinomycosis

  The goal of actinomycosis treatment is to treat the infection with large doses of antibiotics and surgery to create unfavourable aerobic conditions for the growth of Actinomyces species. […] Actinomycosis is treated with antibiotics, such as penicillin. High doses of intravenous penicillin followed by oral penicillin is usually needed to penetrate areas of fibrosis and suppuration. Prolonged treatment is often required to prevent relapse. […] Alternative antibiotics include tetracyclines, erythromycin, and clindamycin. […] Surgical management includes drainage of deep abscesses, excision of sinus tracts and removal of bulky infected masses. […] Combination treatment of penicillin and surgery nearly always produces a cure.

• #2 Treatment of actinomycosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-actinomycosis

  Management of actinomycosis often entails prolonged courses of antimicrobials. Surgical intervention may also be necessary in more complicated cases, such as infection in critical spaces (eg, epidural infections, brain abscesses), patients with massive hemoptysis, or when extensive abscesses and fistulous tracts are present. […] For severe infection, we recommend an initial course of intravenous penicillin G (10 to 20 million units daily in divided doses every four to six hours). […] Surgery is also warranted in certain severe cases. […] Initial parenteral therapy is typically given for four to six weeks. Switching from intravenous to oral therapy is usually possible after there is significant improvement in the patient’s condition, which typically happens within this time frame.

• #2 Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and | IDR

  https://www.dovepress.com/actinomycosis-etiology-clinical-features-diagnosis-treatment-and-manag-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR

  Actinomycosis is a rare chronic disease caused by Actinomyces spp., anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria that normally colonize the human mouth and digestive and genital tracts. […] Patients with actinomycosis require prolonged (6- to 12-month) high doses (to facilitate the drug penetration in abscess and in infected tissues) of penicillin G or amoxicillin, but the duration of antimicrobial therapy could probably be shortened to 3 months in patients in whom optimal surgical resection of infected tissues has been performed. […] Preventive measures, such as reduction of alcohol abuse and improvement of dental hygiene, may limit occurrence of pulmonary, cervicofacial, and central nervous system actinomycosis. […] In women, intrauterine devices must be changed every 5 years in order to limit the occurrence of pelvic actinomycosis.

• #2 Thoracic actinomycosis – EMCrit Project

  https://emcrit.org/ibcc/actinomycosis/

  Actinomycosis is a chronic infection with a tendency to dissect across tissue planes, in a fashion which often mimics cancer. It is frequently misdiagnosed initially. […] Patients may improve transiently while on antibiotic therapy, but subsequently deteriorate off antibiotics. […] Debridement may be helpful therapeutically, for example: Massive refractory hemoptysis, Excision of sinus tracts, Decompression of closed-space infections. […] For mild-moderate disease, oral antibiotics may be adequate (e.g., amoxicillin or oral penicillin). In severe disease, IV therapy may be utilized. IV penicillin is often front-line therapy (18-24 MU/day). […] Prolonged therapy may be needed for severe disease (e.g., ~2-6 weeks of intravenous therapy followed by 6-12 months of oral treatment). However, the duration of IV therapy may depend on clinical context and how well the selected antibiotic is orally absorbed. […] Premature discontinuation of therapy may lead to recurrence or local complications.

• #2 Actinomycosis – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/actinomycosis-3/

  Close follow-up of a patient with actinomycosis is critical to the successful treatment of the disease. Clinical signs of improvement after antibiotic therapy has been initiated include steady regression of the abscess or area of induration and erythema. Drainage from sinus tracts will be reduced or cease. Imaging studies may show regression of the abscess. […] Important counseling to give to the patient and family revolve around strict compliance with therapy. Because of the proclivity for the disease to recur, even after decades, the prescribed course of antibiotic must be finished. This may include extending the course of therapy for more than a year beyond the initially prescribed course. […] Treatment options are summarized in Table I. […] Optimally, pus with granular material should be collected for culture to detect antibiotic sensitivity prior to the administration of antibiotics.

• #2 Primary cutaneous actinomycosis: a diagnosis consideration in people living with HIV/AIDS | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text

  https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-019-0232-4

  The adverse reaction, nevertheless, owing to prolonged and high dose of penicillin therapy, are common including pseudomembranous colitis, interstitial nephritis, epigastric distress, urticarial, leukopenia, allergic reactions, eosinophilia, and super-infection. […] Therefore, it is mandatory that the therapeutic regimen should be customized for each patient depending upon the susceptibility of the pathogen against the antibiotics.

• #2 Actinomycosis | Lima Memorial Health System

  https://www.limamemorial.org/health-library/HIE%20Multimedia-TextOnly/1/000599

  Actinomycosis is a long-term (chronic) bacterial infection that commonly affects the face and neck. […] Treatment of actinomycosis usually requires antibiotics for several months to a year. Surgical drainage or removal of the affected area (lesion) may be needed. If the condition is related to an IUD, the device must be removed. […] Contact your provider if you develop symptoms of this infection. Starting treatment right away helps quicken the recovery. […] Good oral hygiene and regular dentist visits may help prevent some forms of actinomycosis.

• #2 Primary cutaneous actinomycosis: a diagnosis consideration in people living with HIV/AIDS | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text

  https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-019-0232-4

  The case underscores cutaneous actinomycosis requires a diagnosis consideration, especially in People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA), where myriad of opportunistic cutaneous infections are common. […] For successful management and treatment in cutaneous actinomycosis limiting possible late relapse: early detection of the pathogen, recommended surgical debridement along with the appropriate selection of antimicrobial therapy, correct dosing, and treatment duration; are crucial. […] High-dose of penicillin over a prolonged period, 6 months to 1 year, is presumed as the drug of choice for all forms of actinomycosis. […] Therefore, prior to starting the antimicrobial therapy, a high index of clinical suspicion together with close collaboration with microbiological interpretations is of utmost importance, for successful outcomes.

• #2 Actinomycosis | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/RohitKumar3091/actinomycosis-238515929

  Actinomycosis is a bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species. It is characterized by abscess formation and draining sinus tracts that discharge yellow sulfur granules. […] Maintaining good oral and dental hygiene can help prevent infection. […] High-dose penicillins or tetracyclines given over a prolonged period are the mainstay of therapy for actinomycosis. […] Surgical therapy is included for more extensive and complicated cases of actinomycosis. […] Good dental hygiene and oral hygiene are important in prevention of the disease.

• #2 Actinomycosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/actinomycosis/

  Women using intrauterine devices should follow their doctor’s recommendations for regular check-ups to ensure the device is functioning correctly and not causing any complications. […] Timely treatment of wounds, injuries, and infections can help prevent the bacteria from invading deeper tissues. […] Proper management of chronic lung diseases and other conditions that weaken the immune system can reduce the risk of actinomycosis.

• #2 British Journal of Nursing – Actinomycosis: a case report of two patients treated for the condition who required stoma formation

  https://www.britishjournalofnursing.com/content/pelvic-infection/actinomycosis-a-case-report-of-two-patients-treated-for-the-condition-who-required-stoma-formation/

  Actinomycosis is a rare bacterial condition that is seen infrequently and no studies have examined its prevalence or incidence globally. […] The author, a stoma care clinical nurse specialist (CNS), found herself caring for two such patients 3 weeks apart, both of whom were diagnosed with pelvic actinomycosis. […] The case studies show how both women presented and were treated, with interventions including emergency surgery, long-term antibiotic therapy and stoma formation. […] Greater awareness about the risk of leaving IUDs in situ for prolonged periods is needed among gastrointestinal, colorectal and gynaecological practitioners.

• #2 Southwest Journal of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep – Imaging – Medical Image of the Week: Actinomycosis

  https://www.swjpcc.com/imaging/2015/5/27/medical-image-of-the-week-actinomycosis.html

  A 55-year-old man with history of tobacco and alcohol abuse, presented with unresolving pneumonia despite treatment with moxifloxacin. […] The management of necrotizing pneumonia is multidisciplinary; including adequate antibiotic therapy, mechanical ventilation, closed pleural drainage and supportive care. […] Despite the serious morbidity, massive parenchymal damage and prolonged hospitalizations, long-term outcome following necrotizing pneumonia is good with multidisciplinary care. […] If initial medical therapy fails, surgery is a reasonable option. Resection of gangrenous lung parenchyma and drainage of pleural empyema can lead to recovery in up to 80% of patients. […] Outcome is affected by the severity of disease and underlying comorbidities. It should be considered once operative risk is acceptable.

• #3

  https://wmjonline.org/123no4/liu/

  Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic, progressive bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species with a reported incidence of 1 in 300000. […] Actinomycosis tends to take advantage of anatomical defects for contiguous spread and can cause fistulas, sinus tracts, abscesses, and intrauterine device-associated infections. […] The condition is often mistaken for other infections or malignancy, which can delay appropriate treatment and increase the risk of complications. […] Actinomycosis is frequently misdiagnosed, leading to delays in appropriate treatment.

• #4 The Destructive Potential of Penile Actinomycosis: A Case Report – Private Practice Infectious Disease

  https://www.ppidjournal.com/doi10-55636-ppid04040010/

  Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection known for its ability to spread across tissue and fascial planes, ignoring anatomical barriers, and often results in the formation of fistulous tracts, dense adhesions to adjacent structures, or slow-growing masses. This behavior likely explains why the patient experienced such severe penile destruction. […] Treatment of actinomycosis usually depends on the severity and extent of the infection. Oral penicillin or amoxicillin is generally sufficient for mild cases of actinomyces, such as those limited to oral disease. The treatment duration for mild disease ranges from 2 to 6 months. On the other hand, severe or extensive infections require a more aggressive approach, which usually starts with IV penicillin or ceftriaxone for 4 to 6 weeks. This is usually followed by oral antibiotics, with a total treatment course completed within 6 to 12 months.

Zobacz więcej