Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2518387/

  This review focuses on the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. […] Stimulant medications are most effective and combined medication and psychosocial treatment is the most beneficial treatment option for most adult patients with ADHD. […] Treatment of adults with ADHD consists of medication and psychosocial treatment. Each treatment modality addresses particular problems of ADHD patients. The treatments can be administered separately or as is most common, both types of treatments can be combined. […] ADHD medications are roughly divided into stimulants and non-stimulant medication. Long-acting stimulant preparations are recommended as they result in better patient compliance and longer-lasting, smoother improvement of symptoms. […] Stimulants include methylphenidate and amphetamine compounds. Stimulants are the most effective medications for the treatment of ADHD, with responsiveness rates in the 70%80% range.

• #2 Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-adhd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350883

  Standard treatments for ADHD in adults typically involve medication, education, skills training and psychological counseling. A combination of these is often the most effective treatment. These treatments can help manage many symptoms of ADHD, but they don’t cure it. It may take some time to determine what works best for you. […] Talk with your doctor about the benefits and risks of any medications. […] Stimulants, such as products that include methylphenidate or amphetamine, are typically the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD, but other medications may be prescribed. Stimulants appear to boost and balance levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters. […] Other medications used to treat ADHD include the nonstimulant atomoxetine and certain antidepressants such as bupropion. Atomoxetine and antidepressants work slower than stimulants do, but these may be good options if you can’t take stimulants because of health problems or if stimulants cause severe side effects.

• #3 ADHD Medications: How They Work & Side Effects

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/11766-adhd-medication

  ADHD medication treats the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), such as hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD medications work by increasing the levels of chemicals (neurotransmitters) in your brain. It can take time to find the right ADHD medication for you, but once you do, you’ll likely see an improvement in your symptoms. […] For many people, putting on eyeglasses helps them focus their eyes. In the same way, ADHD medication helps people with ADHD focus their thoughts. The medications help them ignore distractions, pay attention and control their behavior. Medication doesn’t cure ADHD. But it can help ease the symptoms of ADHD while you or your child is taking it so you can function more effectively. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several different kinds of medications to treat ADHD. Many of the medications can treat ADHD in children as young as 6.

• #4 Diagnosis and Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0501/p890.html

  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood can persist into adulthood in at least 30 percent of patients, with 3 to 4 percent of adults meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., diagnostic criteria. […] Proper diagnosis and treatment can improve daily functioning. Diagnosis relies on a thorough clinical history, supported by a number of rating scales that take five to 20 minutes to complete, depending on the scale. Clinical guidelines recommend stimulants and the nonstimulant atomoxetine as first-line treatments, followed by antidepressants. Cognitive behavior therapy has also been shown to be helpful as adjunctive treatment with medication. […] The mainstay of ADHD treatment is pharmacotherapy. Most studies focus on medications in children, yet these medications have been shown to be safe and effective in adults as well. Stimulants and antidepressants (e.g., bupropion [Wellbutrin], desipramine [Norpramin]) have similar effectiveness, although no direct comparison trials have been conducted. Clinical guidelines recommend stimulants and atomoxetine (Strattera) as first-line treatments, followed by antidepressants.

• #5 ADHD Medications: How They Work & Side Effects

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/11766-adhd-medication

  ADHD medications work in different ways depending on the type. But all ADHD medications work by increasing the levels of important chemicals (neurotransmitters) in your brain. These neurotransmitters include dopamine and norepinephrine. Increasing the amount of these neurotransmitters helps improve the symptoms of ADHD, including: Increasing attention span, Reducing hyperactivity, Controlling impulsive behavior, Managing executive dysfunction. […] Once you find the right medication and dose, most people find ADHD medication helps their symptoms. The symptoms involved with hyperactivity, attention span and impulsive behaviors improve. […] Medications are the first line of treatment for ADHD. Studies have shown they’re effective for about 80% of children with the condition. […] For many people, behavior therapy is an appropriate option. Behavior therapy teaches and reinforces positive behaviors and reduces negative, unwanted behaviors.

• #6 Management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder

  While non-pharmacological therapy and medical therapy are two accepted treatment plans, it remains unclear the most effective course of treatment. […] There are a number of stimulant and non-stimulant medications indicated for the treatment of ADHD. The most commonly used stimulant medications include methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta), dexmethylphenidate (Focalin, Focalin XR), Serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate (Azstarys), mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall, Mydayis), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine, ProCentra), dextromethamphetamine (Desoxyn), and lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse). Non-stimulant medications with a specific indication for ADHD include atomoxetine (Strattera), viloxazine (Qelbree), guanfacine (Intuniv), and clonidine (Kapvay). […] Stimulant and non-stimulant medications are similarly effective in treating ADHD symptoms.

• #7 Adult ADHD Treatments: Medicine, Therapy, Counseling, and More

  https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/adult-adhd-treatment-overview

  Many people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) dont know they have it until theyre adults. […] The same treatments used for kids with ADHD also treat adults. For most people, its a combination of medicine, behavior strategies, life skills training, and therapy. This is called multimodal treatment. […] Drugs are the main treatment for ADHD. […] Stimulants are often the first choice for ADHD, and they tend to work the best. […] For most adults, long-acting stimulants work best. […] Stimulants are effective, but theyre not for everyone. […] When stimulants arent an option, other choices are atomoxetine (Strattera) and viloxazine (Qelbree). […] Antidepressant drugs raise your brain’s levels of chemicals such as dopamine and norepinephrine. […] The right antidepressant for you depends on your symptoms and other health problems.

• #8 ADHD Treatment: What Are the Options?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/adhd/treatment-overview

  Stimulant medications reduce the reabsorption of brain messengers like dopamine and norepinephrine, which increases their levels in the brain. They are commonly used for adult ADHD symptoms. […] Common stimulant medications for ADHD include: amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate. […] A healthcare professional may consider non-stimulant medications when other treatments have not decreased symptoms or if side effects are difficult to manage. […] Possible non-stimulant medications for ADHD include: atomoxetine, guanfacine ER, clonidine ER. […] Multiple therapy options exist for ADHD in children and adults. Psychotherapy (talk therapy) can be useful in getting you or your child to open up about difficulties in coping with ADHD, especially those that affect mood and self-perception.

• #9 Treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2518387/

  Stimulants effectively alleviate the symptoms of ADHD, including poor attention span, distractibility, impulsive behavior, hyperactivity, and restlessness. […] Stimulants have shown a high behavioral efficacy in numerous randomized controlled trials conducted since the 1960s, with improvement noted for 65%75% of patients in all age groups. […] Nonstimulant medications are generally less effective in treating ADHD than stimulants. […] Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant drug that has shown efficacy in ADHD patients. […] Atomoxetine does not have an abuse potential, which is an important advantage for those adults with ADHD who are at risk for substance abuse. […] The best strategy for treating ADHD with comorbid depression is a combination of stimulant and antidepressant medications. […] Psychosocial treatment should be evidence based. Psychotherapeutic modalities, which may fulfill the specific needs of adult ADHD patients, include individual and group cognitive-behavioral therapy, family therapy, and other interventions.

• #10 Addressing Diagnosis and Treatment Gaps in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-adult-adhd/

  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was originally defined in children but is now recognized to persist into adulthood for some patients. Despite this recognition, adult ADHD remains underdiagnosed. […] Various pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments are available for adults diagnosed with ADHD. First-line pharmacologic treatment of ADHD usually consists of treatment with a psychostimulant, and a variety of short-acting and long-acting formulations are available for use in adults. […] When developing a treatment plan for adults with ADHD, it is important to recognize that the demands of adult life, both at work and at home, necessitate symptom control throughout the entire day and into the evening and indicate that a long-acting medication formulation is often preferable.

• #11 Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-adhd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350883

  Standard treatments for ADHD in adults typically involve medication, education, skills training and psychological counseling. A combination of these is often the most effective treatment. These treatments can help manage many symptoms of ADHD, but they don’t cure it. It may take some time to determine what works best for you. […] Talk with your doctor about the benefits and risks of any medications. […] Stimulants, such as products that include methylphenidate or amphetamine, are typically the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD, but other medications may be prescribed. Stimulants appear to boost and balance levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters. […] Other medications used to treat ADHD include the nonstimulant atomoxetine and certain antidepressants such as bupropion. Atomoxetine and antidepressants work slower than stimulants do, but these may be good options if you can’t take stimulants because of health problems or if stimulants cause severe side effects.

• #12 ADHD Medications for Children and Adults   – HelpGuide.org

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/adhd/medication-for-attention-deficit-disorder

  Since the effects of ADHD medication can vary so much, its use should always be personalized to the individual and closely monitored by a doctor. When medication for ADHD is not carefully monitored, it may be less effective and more risky. […] In addition to the traditional stimulant drugs, there are several other non-stimulant medications used to treat ADHD, including Strattera, Qelbree, Intuniv, and Kapvay. […] Non-stimulant ADHD medications tend to carry a lower risk of abuse or addiction. And while they are less likely to cause agitation or insomnia like stimulants, all medications come with some risk of side effects. […] Strattera (atomoxetine) and Qelbree (viloxazine) are in a class of antidepressants called selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and are non-stimulant medications approved by the FDA for ADHD treatment.

• #13 Psychiatry.org – What is ADHD?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/adhd/what-is-adhd

  ADHD treatment usually encompasses a combination of therapy and medication intervention. In preschool-age and younger children, the recommended first-line approach includes behavioral strategies in the form of parent management training and school intervention. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an evidence-based therapy modality to help young children with ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder. […] According to current guidelines, psychostimulants (amphetamines and methylphenidate) are first-line pharmacological treatments for the management of ADHD. In preschool-aged patients with ADHD, amphetamines are the only FDA-approved medication, although guidelines suggest that methylphenidate rather than amphetamines may be helpful if behavioral interventions prove insufficient. Alpha agonists (clonidine and guanfacine) and the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, atomoxetine, are the other FDA-approved options for treating ADHD.

• #14

  https://journals.lww.com/hrpjournal/fulltext/2020/03000/approach_to_evaluating_and_managing_adult.3.aspx

  Requests for the evaluation of potential adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is on the rise across primary care clinics. Many health care providers, however, may feel ill equipped to diagnose and manage adults presenting with inattention and impulsivity. […] This clinical review will provide a pragmatic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD in primary care settings. […] The diagnosis of adult ADHD is a clinical one, arrived at based on a carefully collected history of symptoms (ruling out other causes), without placing too much weight on neuropsychological testing or screening instruments. […] According to DSM-5, ADHD occurs when one has inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity across multiple settings that interferes with ones life. […] Evidence-based treatments available for adult ADHD include pharmacologic agents (which can be categorized as stimulants and nonstimulants) and psychotherapy. Stimulants, which are FDA approved for adult ADHD, are often touted as the first-line treatment for adult ADHD. […] Atomoxetine, the only nonstimulant approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is a medication option for treating adult ADHD, especially for individuals with SUDs.

• #15 Diagnosis and Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0501/p890.html

  Medications should be started at a low dose and titrated slowly until maximal benefit is achieved or adverse effects become intolerable. A trial of four to six weeks should be allowed for each dosing change. […] Small studies have found that cognitive behavior therapy is helpful as an adjunct to medication in the treatment of ADHD in adults. […] In general, depression should be treated before ADHD is treated. Also, the combination of an antidepressant and stimulants has been shown to be safe and effective. […] Stimulants should be avoided in patients with bipolar disorder, and mood stabilizers or atypical antipsychotics should be used instead. […] For patients with comorbid anxiety disorders, stimulants are a first-line treatment, followed by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavior therapy.

• #16 Treatment of ADHD | Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/treatment/index.html

  The AAP recommends that healthcare providers observe and adjust the dose of medication to find the right balance between benefits and side effects. […] It is important for parents to work with their child’s healthcare providers to find the medication that works best for their child. […] Treatments for adults can include medication, psychotherapy, education or training, or a combination of treatments.

• #17 Adult ADHD: Treatment and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/patient-care/prevention-wellness/emotional-wellbeing/adhd-toolkit/treatment-and-management.html

  The primary goal of treatment is to minimize the impact of ADHD symptoms on patient function while maximizing the patients ability to compensate or cope with any remaining difficulties. Not all symptoms can be resolved with treatment; it is important to manage expectations of treatment and to promote a sense of responsibility and personal agency in patients. […] Overview of Treatment Recommendations for Adults ADHD outlines a general approach to treating ADHD in adults. Briefly, treatment of ADHD in adults includes: […] Non-pharmacological treatment options […] Medication management of symptoms […] Psychoeducation and effective coping strategies for the patient and family […] Family therapy for adults with ADHD who are parents or have difficulties in relationships […] Ongoing monitoring for adverse effects

• #18 Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Therapy

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/adhd-therapy-for-adults-5217992

  ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) starts in childhood, but around 60% of cases continue into adulthood. Its common for ADHD to be diagnosed in adults because the condition was missed in childhood. […] While ADHD is not curable, it is manageable. Medication is the first-line treatment for adult ADHD, but it may not be possible or the preferred treatment for everyone with the condition. Therapy is another effective tool for treating adult ADHD. […] Therapy can be effective for adults with ADHD as an alternative to medication or in addition to it. […] Medication and therapy target different areas of managing ADHD. Medication helps with ADHD symptoms like distractibility, short attention span, and impulsivity. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help people develop the habits and skills needed for self-management and emotional and interpersonal self-regulation.

• #19 Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Therapy

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/adhd-therapy-for-adults-5217992

  Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most common non-pharmaceutical treatment for ADHD. Research has demonstrated the positive effects of using CBT to treat the primary symptoms of ADHD in adults. […] CBT can also help people manage coexisting anxiety and depressive disorders, which are common in the adult ADHD community. […] Occupational therapy could be a promising intervention for people with ADHD. […] Occupational therapy for adults with ADHD may focus on these areas: Organization, Social interaction and awareness, Stress management techniques, Monitoring and regulating sensory stimulation. […] While its not a traditional form of therapy, behavioral coaching can help adults with ADHD learn practical solutions to obstacles in everyday life. […] Adults with ADHD who are having a hard time managing their symptoms with or without medication can benefit from ADHD therapy.

• #20 Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-adhd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350883

  The right medication and the right dose vary among individuals, so it may take time to find out what’s right for you. Tell your doctor about any side effects. […] Counseling for adult ADHD generally includes psychological counseling (psychotherapy), education about the disorder and learning skills to help you be successful. […] Common types of psychotherapy for ADHD include cognitive behavioral therapy. This structured type of counseling teaches specific skills to manage your behavior and change negative thinking patterns into positive ones. It can help you deal with life challenges, such as school, work or relationship problems, and help address other mental health conditions, such as depression or substance misuse. […] Therapy that focuses on these issues and ways to better monitor your behavior can be very helpful. So can classes to improve communication and develop conflict resolution and problem-solving skills. Couples therapy and classes in which family members learn more about ADHD may significantly improve your relationships.

• #21 ADHD Therapy Overview: Behavioral Therapy, CBT, ADHD CoachFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/add-adhd-therapy/?srsltid=AfmBOoo4wMZDs6gvgqBBUpmhUGEL6zPOpHVJW-EG4Qn14qk3VOTDKPhV

  Studies confirm that children with ADHD achieve the greatest symptom control with a combination of ADD medication and behavioral therapy. Many adults, too, successfully use non-medical ADHD therapy in their treatment plans. […] The research is clear: ADHD medication paired with behavioral therapy is the most effective treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children — particularly those who also exhibit oppositional behavior. […] But the power of therapy for ADHD does not diminish with the age of the patient. Many children and adults use ADHD therapy to teach behavioral, social, and academic skills that may help manage ADHD symptoms throughout life. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is essentially brain training for ADHD. It is a short-term, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy that aims to change negative patterns of thinking and reframe the way a patient feels about herself and her symptoms of ADHD.

• #22 Cognitive Therapy for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/treatments/cognitive-therapy-for-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder

  NYU Langone psychologists and psychiatrists may recommend cognitive therapy for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) aims to lessen the inattention and impulsivity caused by ADHD by changing the way a person thinks and reacts. […] CBT is a problem-focused approach, meaning that the goal of therapy is to teach people with ADHD a variety of coping skills to help them manage difficult situations. […] In CBT sessions, your therapist may work with you on developing time management and scheduling skills, proper organizational habits, and strategies to overcome procrastination and make tasks easier to complete. […] This form of therapy is typically performed once a week for 15 weeks and can take place in a one-on-one or group setting. […] CBT is often used in conjunction with medication. Our doctors work with you to develop a treatment plan that best meets your needs, making adjustments throughout treatment to ensure that your symptoms of ADHD are effectively controlled.

• #23 Treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2518387/

  Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is suitable for adults with ADHD because it is a collaborative model with a good structure. […] The combination of pharmacotherapy and CBT is effective in the treatment of a wide range of ADHD-related symptoms, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and overall functioning. […] Finally, the efficacy of psychosocial treatment, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy is addressed. Combined medication and psychosocial treatment approach are recommended as an effective treatment for most patients with ADHD.

• #24 Exploring Therapy for Adults With ADHD: 11 Options & How They Work – ADDA – Attention Deficit Disorder Association

  https://add.org/adhd-therapies/

  The good news is you don’t have to stick to just one form of therapy. Some people find that combining two types of ADHD therapies helps them control their symptoms more effectively. […] CBT is a goal-oriented, short-term psychotherapy that helps you pinpoint unhealthy thinking and behavioral patterns. […] Research has found that CBT can help adult ADHDers manage their symptoms and boost their self-esteem. […] Apart from changing how you perceive yourself and your capabilities, this adult ADHD therapy can also help you work on different skills and areas. […] Your therapist will help you devise practical strategies to overcome your ADHD-related challenges. […] Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a treatment approach that combines both CBT and mindfulness meditation. […] Based on current evidence, MCBT can be offered in addition to medication or as an alternative management option for ADHDers who don’t respond well to drug treatment.

• #25 ADHD Therapies: Types of Therapy for ADHD

  https://www.verywellmind.com/types-of-therapy-for-adhd-5272434

  Cognitive-behavioral therapy is generally considered the gold standard for ADHD psychotherapy. While „regular” CBT can be helpful for ADHD, there are also specific types of CBT for ADHD. […] Dialectical behavioral therapy is another form of therapy often used for people with ADHD. […] While it is technically not psychotherapy, ADHD coaching is gaining popularity as a way of managing symptoms and quality of life for people with ADHD. […] Supportive therapy is a form of therapy that helps clients optimize the coping skills that they already have so that these strategies can be used to reduce distress and manage symptoms such as time management and organization. […] Interpersonal therapy is typically employed to address issues that may have developed between a client and others due to misunderstandings from their ADHD symptoms, such as if their forgetfulness or procrastination are affecting those in their lives.

• #26 Exploring Therapy for Adults With ADHD: 11 Options & How They Work – ADDA – Attention Deficit Disorder Association

  https://add.org/adhd-therapies/

  DBT is a form of talk therapy that teaches a person to manage their emotions and behaviors. […] Based on research studies, DBT can reduce the severity of ADHD symptoms, depression, and feelings of hopelessness, as well as improve mindfulness. […] Neurofeedback can be a promising treatment option for ADHD. […] Some research has found that neurofeedback can be a promising treatment option for ADHD. […] Different non-medical approaches can address symptoms of ADHD along with co-occurring issues, such as depression, anxiety, interpersonal conflict, and low self-esteem. […] The best management option for your ADHD depends on your symptoms, struggles, and goals. […] Because of this, the best treatment approach is to combine medication, therapy, and other management options, such as counseling and coaching. […] With the skills, structures, and strategies you build through therapy, you’ll be in the best position to achieve your biggest goals and ambitions.

• #27 ADHD Therapies: Types of Therapy for ADHD

  https://www.verywellmind.com/types-of-therapy-for-adhd-5272434

  Group therapy can be a helpful way for people with ADHD to learn from other people dealing with similar types of challenges and how they have dealt with or have overcome them. […] Narrative therapy has been found to be helpful in people with ADHD to help reduce the self-stigma they may experience. […] Therapy for ADHD may be particularly challenging because it requires the consistency and structure that many people with ADHD struggle with. But the right therapist will create a space where you can feel safe in managing your symptoms and learn how to live with ADHD.

• #28 Adult ADHD: Psychotherapy | CAMH

  https://www.camh.ca/en/professionals/treating-conditions-and-disorders/adult-adhd/adult-adhd—treatment/adult-adhd—psychotherapy

  Adult ADHD: Psychotherapy […] ADHD can lead to significant problems with self-esteem, self-confidence and interpersonal relationships. When ADHD is diagnosed, it can cause relief but also despair, as patients reflect on opportunities they lost because they did not get treated when they were younger (particularly common in age 40 and older). In any case, psychotherapy is critical. There are different types of psychotherapy, and different formats. […] If possible, establish a group of patients because they can learn from one another and groups are a cost-effective way to see many patients with similar problems at the same time. […] Bad habits have to be changed, so lifestyle management is critical. The role of the primary care practitioner is to help patients find resources to facilitate lifestyle changes.

• #29 Adult ADHD: Psychotherapy | CAMH

  https://www.camh.ca/en/professionals/treating-conditions-and-disorders/adult-adhd/adult-adhd—treatment/adult-adhd—psychotherapy

  Occupational therapists can help patients review basic life skills and create plans for organizing their lives. […] While there are few trained coaches, they can help patients reach their goals by creating accountability. […] Reducing clutter and reorganizing information using digital technologies can help patients deal with paper problems. […] This type of intervention can support patients at work and help them obtain workplace accommodations. […] ADHD support groups can meet the psychological needs of patients and identify strategies that others have found useful. […] Because ADHD is often accompanied by mood disorders, one-on-one cognitive-behavioural therapy can help patients to reframe negative situations as positive ones. […] By providing encouragement, you help them to develop greater self-control. It is here that primary care practitioners have the greatest influence because the long-term therapeutic alliance is the anchor of stability that the patient seeks. […] In Adult Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) […] Treatment […] Pharmacotherapy […] Psychotherapy.

• #30 Exploring Therapy for Adults With ADHD: 11 Options & How They Work – ADDA – Attention Deficit Disorder Association

  https://add.org/adhd-therapies/

  Around 30% of adults don’t respond well enough to standard drug treatment for ADHD. […] This is where ADHD therapy comes into the picture as an alternative management option. Or an additional, evidence-backed treatment, even when medication is working as intended. […] Studies have shown that a combination of drug and behavioral therapy for ADHD can lead to significant improvements in symptoms in adult ADHD. […] These therapies enhance treatment by helping people build the structures, skills, and habits they need to thrive and succeed. […] Through ADHD therapy, you can work on key areas, such as communication, focus, emotional regulation, and time management. […] While medications are effective for many, adults with ADHD can also manage their symptoms through other methods, such as behavioral therapy, ADHD coaching, and support groups.

• #31 The 9 Best Treatments for Children and Adults with ADHD

  https://nhahealth.com/the-9-best-treatments-for-children-and-adults-with-adhd/

  A professionally trained ADHD coach can realistically assist his or her ADHD clients in building skills like: Time, task, and space management, Motivation and follow-through, Developing systems for success, Healthy communications and relationships, Strategic planning and perspective, Making conscious wise choices, A simplified and more orderly life, Achieving a balanced, healthy lifestyle. […] Neurofeedback uses brain exercises to reduce impulsivity and increase attentiveness in children and adults with ADHD. […] Play therapy is used to help children with ADHD connect, learn, provide reassurance, calm anxiety, and improve self-esteem. […] For patients with ADHD, music therapy bolsters attention and focus, reduces hyperactivity, and strengthens social skills in three ways: Music Provides Structure, Music Fires Up Synapses, Music is Social.

• #32 ADHD Treatments for Adults: Medication, Nutrition, TherapiesFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-treatment-options-adult/?srsltid=AfmBOoo_FnXseM3IK27ATeRuvBV1WHso262RhHeOCBr4p9klep9sF3h3

  Develop structures for organizing your life […] Make plans and set goals […] Get and stay motivated […] Develop time and money-management skills […] Some coaches meet with their clients weekly; others stay in regular contact by phone. Still others meet with clients in their homes to help with specific tasks, such as organizing papers or working on social skills. […] Adult ADHD Treatment 11: Therapy […] Couples and family therapy helps many adults with ADHD work with loved ones to set up useful behavior plans, increase accountability and cooperation, and improve interpersonal communication and relationships. […] How to Approach ADHD Treatments […] Most people with ADHD try a variety of treatment programs to maximize symptom control. It’s often best to start by trying one thing at a time so you can see what effect the treatment is having. When you introduce something new, keep a log, so you can follow the progress of your efforts and understand the outcomes of each strategy you try. Be patient and consult with your providers along the way. Don’t drop a treatment from your plan if changes aren’t happening as fast as you’d like. Change takes time. Look for ways to adjust the treatment before you give up on it.

• #33 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | NAMI

  https://www.nami.org/about-mental-illness/mental-health-conditions/adhd/

  Behavior therapy can also help improve social skills, such as sharing and interacting with peers. […] Outside of therapy and medications, there are many approaches to managing ADHD. […] Many of the strategies that help youth with ADHD, including structure, organizational tips and coaching as well as medication can be helpful for adults living with ADHD as well. […] ADHD Coaching has developed over the last few decades as a component to the treatment of ADHD. […] ADHD coaching is an effective way to create lasting change. […] ADHD is one of the most common conditions in children, so first you should know that you and your child are not alone. […] ADHD is not a byproduct of parenting style. […] To provide support for your child at home there are many things you can do: […] Maintain a positive attitude.

• #34 ADHD in adults

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/adhd-adults/

  If your ADHD symptoms are affecting your studies, work or relationships, make an appointment with a GP to find out what support is available. […] After the appointment, the GP may decide to refer you for an assessment with a mental health professional specialising in ADHD. […] If you have already been diagnosed with ADHD in childhood and need help for your symptoms, talk to your GP about getting a referral. […] ADHD can be managed in many ways, including lifestyle changes, changes at work, or medicines. […] When you get a diagnosis of ADHD, your specialist will discuss ways you can be supported. […] At your workplace or place of study, you can request changes to help you manage your ADHD. These are called reasonable adjustments. […] ADHD medicines must be started and monitored by an ADHD specialist. […] Medicines that can help with ADHD symptoms include methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine. […] Talking therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or mindfulness, may be recommended for adults with ADHD.

• #35 Adult ADHD: Symptoms, Statistics, Causes, Types, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/adhd-adults

  Life coaching. It may help you set goals. Plus, it can help you learn new ways to stay organized at home and work. […] Job coaching or mentoring. This can help support you at work. It can help you have better working relationships and improve on-the-job performance. […] Family education and therapy. This can help you and loved ones understand ADHD better. It can also help you all find ways to lessen how much it affects everyone’s life. […] Alternative treatments for adult ADHD […] Researchers haven’t found much evidence that any alternative treatment can relieve symptoms of adult ADHD. […] But some studies have shown that mindfulness meditation might boost your mood and help you pay attention. […] If you’re considering an alternative treatment, talk to your doctor first. They can help you weigh the benefits and drawbacks.

• #36 ADHD in adults

  https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/mental-illnesses-and-mental-health-problems/adhd-in-adults

  Before starting treatment, the person who assessed you should talk to you about: environmental modifications at home, work and in education, helpful lifestyle changes, benefits and side effects of treatment, your preferences for treatment, any concerns you have. […] Something that can make the biggest difference is being around people who understand ADHD, and being in environments that bring out the best in you. […] Occupational Therapists can work with people with ADHD to help them to: organise their physical and social environment, develop effective time management skills, develop effective planning schedules to help meet job requirements, develop the discipline to stick to planned activities despite distractions while also remaining flexible to changes. […] If you have tried environmental modifications and are still struggling, you might find medication helpful.

• #37 About Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/about/index.html

  Treatment can involve a combination of behavior therapy and medication. […] In most cases, ADHD is best treated with a combination of behavior therapy and medication. For preschool-aged children (4-5 years of age) with ADHD, behavior therapy, particularly training for parents, is recommended as the first line of treatment before medication is tried. […] Effective treatment plans will include close monitoring, follow-ups, and making changes, if needed, along the way.

• #38 ADHD Treatments for Adults: Medication, Nutrition, TherapiesFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-treatment-options-adult/?srsltid=AfmBOoo_FnXseM3IK27ATeRuvBV1WHso262RhHeOCBr4p9klep9sF3h3

  Adult ADHD Treatment Options — An Overview […] A brief overview of the most common — and effective — ADHD treatments available to adults: medication, therapies, alternative treatments, and coaching. […] The best adult ADHD treatment strategies are multimodal ones — combinations of several different, complementary approaches that work together to reduce symptoms. For one person, this ideal combination may include medication, nutrition, exercise, and behavioral therapy. For someone else, it may mean taking supplements, participating in CBT, and joining an ADHD support group. […] Finding the right treatments — and managing them — takes research, planning, organization, and persistence. Early on, talk with your doctor about your options. If you use medication, speak with the prescribing professional about his or her expertise with complementary treatment options. If you do not use medication, find a professional who specializes in the types of treatments you want to use — for example, a nutritionist or psychologist specializing in behavior therapy.

• #39 Adult ADHD: Treatment and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/patient-care/prevention-wellness/emotional-wellbeing/adhd-toolkit/treatment-and-management.html

  Treatment response monitoring Vigilance for any patterns of medication misuse as a necessary part of stimulant prescribing. […] About 60% of adults experience improvements in quality of life and symptom reduction in response to treatment. Comorbid conditions such as mood and anxiety disorders are also highly treatable. […] There is no evidence from controlled trials to indicate how long the patient with ADHD should be treated with medications. Trials of off medications and medication holidays can be used to assess the patient’s functioning without pharmacotherapy. […] Patients should drink at least 2-3 liters of water per day during stimulant withdrawal. Multivitamin supplements containing B group vitamins and vitamin C are recommended. […] Most adult patients with ADHD can benefit from education about ADHD, skill building trainings and adjuvant psychotherapy.

• #40 ADHD Treatments for Adults: Medication, Nutrition, TherapiesFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-treatment-options-adult/?srsltid=AfmBOoo_FnXseM3IK27ATeRuvBV1WHso262RhHeOCBr4p9klep9sF3h3

  Adult ADHD Treatment 8: Brain Training […] Brain-training therapies like neurofeedback and Cogmed are making a serious promise: increased attention and working memory without medication. The scientific community, however, is not yet convinced. […] “Working memory is the ability to hold information in your mind for several seconds, manipulate it, and use it in your thinking,” says Ari Tuckman, Psy.D., a clinical psychologist in West Chester, Pennsylvania. “It is central to concentration, problem solving, and impulse control.” […] Individuals with ADHD can’t always hold on to information because their attention gets hijacked. Improving working memory capacity with brain training enables an individual to pay attention, resist distractions, manage emotions better, and learn. […] Neurofeedback is a form of brain training that uses brain exercises to reduce impulsivity and increase attentiveness. The brain emits different types of waves, depending on whether we are in a focused state or daydreaming. The goal of neurofeedback is to teach individuals to produce brain-wave patterns that reflect focus. The result: Some ADHD symptoms — namely, impulsivity and distractibility — diminish.

• #41 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: What You Need to Know – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-what-you-need-to-know

  ADHD is well-known among children and teens, but many adults also have the disorder. Effective treatments are available to manage symptoms. […] Although there is no cure for ADHD, current treatments may help reduce symptoms and improve functioning. Common treatments for ADHD are medication, psychotherapy, and other behavioral interventions. […] Researchers are studying new treatments for people with ADHD, such as cognitive training and neurofeedback. These options are usually explored only after medication and psychotherapy have already been tried. For many people, treatment involves a combination of elements. […] Stimulants are the most common type of medication used to treat ADHD, and research shows them to be highly effective. They work by increasing levels of brain chemicals involved in thinking and attention.

• #42 ADHD Treatments for Adults: Medication, Nutrition, TherapiesFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-treatment-options-adult/?srsltid=AfmBOoo_FnXseM3IK27ATeRuvBV1WHso262RhHeOCBr4p9klep9sF3h3

  Adult ADHD Treatment 5: Exercise […] “Think of exercise as medication,” says John Ratey, M.D., an associate clinical professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and author of Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain. “Exercise turns on the attention system, the so-called executive functions — sequencing, working memory, prioritizing, inhibiting, and sustaining attention.” […] You’d be surprised how walking for just 30 minutes, four times a week, is enough exercise to yield benefits. Of course, more rigorous exercise produces higher benefits for both your brain body, but the message is clear: Just get moving! […] Adult ADHD Treatment 6: Nature Therapy […] A daily dose of nature — a walk in the woods or spending time in a greenhouse — may reduce ADHD symptoms. This was solidified in a 2004 study where researchers found that “green outdoor activities reduced symptoms significantly more than did activities conducted in other settings.” Several experts suggest that patients use nature therapy in conjunction with prescription medications and behavioral therapy.

• #43 Evidence Based Treatment of ADHD | UC Davis MIND Institute

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/mind-institute/resources/understanding-adhd/adhd-treatment

  Many treatments exist for ADHD. We recommend only using treatments that have published studies showing they work. Some treatments have more evidence than others about their effectiveness. Below are brief descriptions of currently available evidence-based treatments and links for additional information. […] Behavioral interventions teach a person to monitor behaviors and provide rewards for desired behaviors to increase the likelihood of the positive behavior in the future. […] Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is most commonly for adults; it does not work with children with ADHD. The goal is to train mindfulness, self-awareness, goal setting and organization. […] Studies found improvements in mood, quality of life, and attention in adults practicing mindfulness. […] Several studies demonstrate improvements in ADHD symptoms with consistent exercise, but most of these studies have some shortcomings in research design.

• #44 ADHD Treatments for Adults: Medication, Nutrition, TherapiesFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-treatment-options-adult/?srsltid=AfmBOoo_FnXseM3IK27ATeRuvBV1WHso262RhHeOCBr4p9klep9sF3h3

  Adult ADHD Treatment 7: Mindful Meditation and Yoga […] Mindful awareness, or mindfulness, involves paying close attention to your thoughts, feelings, and bodily sensations; in other words, developing a greater awareness of what’s going on with you from moment to moment. It can be used as a tool to foster physical and psychological well-being, improving blood pressure and chronic pain as well anxiety. […] A 2005 study at Arizona State University found that children who participated in mindfulness exercises had fewer ADHD symptoms, plus greater attention than kids who did not participate in the exercises. It stands to reason that these benefits hold true for adults as well. […] Yoga, a physical and spiritual practice originating in India, provides similar benefits to mindfulness practice and meditation, reducing anxiety while increasing energy and gives the added bonus of exercise at the same time.

• #45 Adult ADHD: Treatment | CAMH

  https://www.camh.ca/en/professionals/treating-conditions-and-disorders/adult-adhd/adult-adhd—treatment

  Psychoeducation is the first step in treatment. It can involve addressing questions at every visit and directing patients to websites and other resources. Psychoeducation is important for many reasons: […] Evidence shows that even people who are responding to ADHD treatment will deteriorate if they do not make lifestyle changes. […] ADHD causes significant impairment in many domains and the patient may want to rush the agenda by starting medications immediately. […] Resist the urge to initiate medications without adequately educating the patient. […] A patient who follows through on the treatment plan is also showing commitment to the process. […] There is much to know, and knowledge is power. This reduces dependence on the clinician. […] Some patients only need medications in situations of high attentional load. However, the more common and ideal situation is that medication is used to promote functional behaviour patterns. ADHD medications have a protective role in preventing the patient from self-medicating. Research has found that medication blocks reward pathways and prevents the binding of other energizing substances (Volkow, 2009).

• #46 Diagnosing and treating adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | British Columbia Medical Journal

  https://bcmj.org/articles/diagnosing-and-treating-adult-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder

  Psychostimulant medications, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine-based compounds (e.g., lisdexamfetamine), are commonly used to treat ADHD in adults and are highly effective in managing ADHD symptoms. […] Medications are not a cure for ADHD. They help manage symptoms and improve functioning. […] Psychoeducation and psychosocial interventions are two key approaches that improve overall functioning when used alone or in combination with medication as treatment for adults with ADHD. […] Cognitive-behavioral therapy treatment for adults with ADHD is an evidence-based approach that addresses executive dysfunction, which, when used alone or in combination with medication, can significantly improve function.

• #47 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – adults | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adults

  Treatment for ADHD can include: […] medication stimulant and non-stimulant medications are used […] psychotherapy to address self-esteem problems or substance abuse […] therapy such as behaviour therapy and cognitive behaviour therapy, to teach anger management, organisational skills or social skills, depending on the needs of the individual. […] vocational counselling to increase the persons chances of success and satisfaction in the workplace […] family therapy when one family member has ADHD, the whole family needs support […] joining a support group. […] Brain imaging techniques and function measures of how your brain solves problems hold current promise for being able to better understand and personalise treatments.

• #48

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/behavioral-health-addiction/adhd

  ADHD can be managed with a personalized treatment plan. This typically includes a combination of medication and behavioral therapy. Medication while it may not work for everyone can help improve attention and concentration. It wont improve other symptoms like disorganization, poor time management and forgetfulness. Therapy can help teach coping strategies and address emotional issues. […] Treatment for adult ADHD may benefit from better sleep, regular exercise, healthy diet, and mindfulness meditation. […] ADHD is a lifelong condition. With medication, therapy and healthy habits, once you discover a management plan that works best for you or your child, you may stick with it for years, adjusting when necessary. While some children do outgrow ADHD symptoms, many will continue treatment into adulthood.

• #49 Treatment for Adult ADHD – HelpGuide.org

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/adhd/treatment-for-adult-adhd

  Are you struggling with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? There are many safe, effective treatments that can help and that doesn’t have to mean pills or doctors offices. […] Medication is a tool, not a cure for adult ADHD. […] For many, medication for ADHD is more effective when combined with other treatments. […] Treatment is not limited to medication. Any action you take to manage your symptoms can be considered treatment. […] Regular exercise is a powerful treatment for ADHD. […] The importance of sleep in ADHD treatment. […] Eating right can help you regulate ADHD symptoms. […] Relaxation techniques to treat adult ADHD. […] Therapy for adult ADHD can teach you better coping skills. […] Coaches and professional organizers for adult ADHD.

• #50 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | NAMI

  https://www.nami.org/about-mental-illness/mental-health-conditions/adhd/

  The most prescribed medications for ADHD are stimulants. […] Stimulants affect how the brain controls impulses and help to regulate behavior and attention. They are usually the first choice of medication to use for the management of ADHD. […] Non-stimulant medications are also commonly prescribed. […] Nonstimulant drugs are used to increase and adjust the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. This helps with concentration by increasing attention span and reducing impulsivity. […] Antidepressants may also be something a doctor suggests. […] Remember that dosage and scheduling of medication will impact treatment outcomes. […] Common side effects of ADHD medications include appetite, sleep problems, anxiety and irritability. […] A mental health professional can help a person come up with ways to improve behavior.

• #51 ADHD Treatments for Adults: Medication, Nutrition, TherapiesFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-treatment-options-adult/?srsltid=AfmBOoo_FnXseM3IK27ATeRuvBV1WHso262RhHeOCBr4p9klep9sF3h3

  Develop practical ways to change the behavior […] Implement the strategies, and try new ones if they don’t work […] This approach is effective for most people with ADHD. Exceptions to this rule are people who need a more structured approach, such as those with oppositional defiant disorder who are unwilling to cooperate in managing their behaviors. Changing distorted thoughts, and the resulting change in behavior patterns, is effective in treating mood disorders, anxiety, and other emotional problems, as well. […] Adult ADHD Treatment 4: Nutrition and Supplements […] Changing your daily food choices to increase the consumption of certain ADHD-friendly nutrients — fish oil, the minerals zinc, iron, and magnesium — plus adding protein and complex carbohydrates to your diet, can help the brain function more effectively and reduce mood swings.

• #52 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – therapies | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-therapies

  Cognitive therapy aims to help the child to better manage thinking skills, such as problem solving and self-control. […] Family counselling aims to help the other members of the household understand and cope better with the child’s behaviour. […] There is no evidence that ADHD is caused by certain foods (such as food additives). Some studies have found that small numbers of children with ADHD may benefit slightly from dietary changes, though changes to diet are not recommended as a routine part of therapy. […] There are various alternative therapies that claim to help children who have ADHD. In many cases, the claims have not been proven.

• #53 Porter Academy – ADHD

  https://www.porteracademy.org/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/

  1. Take a 100% multiple vitamin everyday. Studies have reported that they help people with learning and help prevent chronic illness. NeuroVite was formulated specifically for our own patients. […] 2. Adults, take 2,000 4,000mg of high quality fish oil a day (1,000 2,000mg for children). For types 1 and 2 NeuroEPA from the Amen Clinics is a high quality brand. For types 3-6 NeurOmega is best. […] 3. Eliminate caffeine from your diet. It interferes with sleep and helping the other treatments work. […] 4. Intense aerobic exercise daily for 30-45 minutes. For kids, if you cannot find a safe exercise (no brain injuries please), take them on long, fast walks. […] 5. Turn off the television and video games, or limit them to no more than 30 minutes a day. This may be hard for kids and teens, but it can make a huge difference.

• #54 ADHD Medications: How They Work & Side Effects

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/11766-adhd-medication

  After age 6, the AAP recommends ADHD medication along with behavioral therapy. […] Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a lifelong condition that has no cure. It’s not like taking an antibiotic to treat a bacterial infection. You’ll have to keep taking ADHD medication to manage your symptoms. […] If you or your child is starting on ADHD medication, you’ll have frequent appointments with a healthcare provider. They’ll need to monitor bodily reactions until you find the right medication and dose. […] Yes, but the dosages of many ADHD medications are different for children and adults. In addition, children and adults may experience different side effects from the medications. […] When used to treat ADHD, stimulant medications aren’t considered to be habit-forming. There isn’t any evidence that using them will lead to substance use disorders. Nevertheless, there’s a potential for improper use and substance use disorders with any stimulant medication, especially if you have a history of a substance use disorder. However, recent research states that medically treated people with ADHD had a lower rate of substance use disorders than if they weren’t treated.

• #55 Adult ADHD Treatments: Medicine, Therapy, Counseling, and More

  https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/adult-adhd-treatment-overview

  The right medicine, along with a good therapist, is a powerful combo. Talk therapy can help you and your family members learn more about how ADHD works and how to better deal with the problems it can create. […] You can learn practical skills, including how to make plans, set goals, manage time, and stay organized. […] People with ADHD are more likely to have mental health issues like anxiety, depression, and drug use disorder. […] Some ADHD symptoms can also be signs of other conditions, such as behavior disorders or depression.

• #56 Reasons for treatment changes in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a chart review study | BMC Psychiatry | Full Text

  https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-022-04016-9

  Adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often cycle through multiple treatments for reasons that are not well documented. This study analyzed the reasons underlying treatment changes among adults treated for ADHD in a real-world setting. […] The top reasons for treatment changes among adults with ADHD are lack of efficacy and ADHD/treatment-related complications, highlighting the importance of developing more effective and safer treatments to alleviate the burden of ADHD. […] Several treatment strategies for adults with ADHD have been shown to be associated with symptom improvement and reduced rates of traffic accidents, substance abuse, suicidal behavior, and criminal convictions. Current treatment options for ADHD include pharmacologic (stimulants and nonstimulants) and non-pharmacologic (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy) interventions, used either alone or in combination.

• #57 Reasons for treatment changes in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a chart review study | BMC Psychiatry | Full Text

  https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-022-04016-9

  Despite available treatment options, adherence is generally low and treatment discontinuations are frequent among adults with ADHD, suggesting unmet treatment needs in this population. […] The current chart review study among adults with ADHD in the real-world setting found that the key reasons underlying treatment changes and modifications were inadequate/suboptimal symptom management and occurrence of ADHD/treatment-related complications. […] The results of the physician survey conducted in the current study showed that about 20% of surveyed physicians reported being very dissatisfied, moderately dissatisfied, or neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with current ADHD treatment options for adults. […] Notably, potential improvements to current treatment options cited by physicians (i.e., a lower risk of abuse, increased duration of effect, and fewer adverse events or drug-related complications) aligned with the common reasons for treatment changes. This finding further supports the potential benefit of addressing the unmet need in the current ADHD treatment landscape.

• #58 ADHD in adults

  https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/mental-illnesses-and-mental-health-problems/adhd-in-adults

  If you think you have ADHD and it is having a negative effect on your life, speak to your GP, who will be able to refer you to the most appropriate service for you. This is often a Community Mental Health Service or a specialised Neurodevelopmental Service. […] Unfortunately, we know that some people struggle to be referred for an ADHD assessment. This might be because of a lack of knowledge about adult ADHD, or because their challenges are thought to be caused by something else. For example, some people are diagnosed with a mental health problem like anxiety, depression or a substance use disorder, when this only explains part of their difficulties. When this happens, underlying ADHD can be missed. […] We also know that waiting lists for assessments can be very long, which means some people have to wait a long time for a diagnosis. How long you have to wait might depend on where you live.

• #59 ADHD in adults is challenging but highly treatable – a clinical psychologist explains

  https://theconversation.com/adhd-in-adults-is-challenging-but-highly-treatable-a-clinical-psychologist-explains-177039

  Over the past two decades, researchers have begun to develop and test cognitive behavioral therapies specifically for adults with ADHD. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy for adult ADHD appears to be a promising option for ADHD treatment. […] However, it can be difficult to find a therapist. […] More targeted forms of ADHD therapy are on the horizon, including specific approaches for the needs of college students with ADHD.

• #60 Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350878

  Adult ADHD treatment includes medications, psychological counseling (psychotherapy) and treatment for any mental health conditions that occur along with ADHD. […] Different types of health care professionals may diagnose and supervise treatment for ADHD. Seek a provider who has training and experience in caring for adults with ADHD.

• #61 ADHD in adults

  https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/mental-illnesses-and-mental-health-problems/adhd-in-adults

  You might have used a questionnaire or quiz to find out whether you have ADHD. Questionnaires can help with the assessment process but ADHD can only be accurately diagnosed with: a comprehensive interview, a consultation-based assessment. […] NICE (the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) have guidelines that apply in England and Wales for diagnosing ADHD. Regardless of where you live in England or Wales, your assessment should follow these guidelines. […] After getting a diagnosis of ADHD, you might go through an adjustment period. You might experience different emotions, including: Relief at getting an explanation for some of your difficulties, and finding out that you aren’t alone. […] If you have been diagnosed with ADHD, this diagnosis might become an important part of how you see yourself. It can be hard to get the balance right between: seeing yourself as someone whose life is affected in many ways by ADHD, not seeing ADHD as being the most important thing about you.

• #62 ADHD in Adults: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5197-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-in-adults

  While this condition can be disruptive, it’s also very treatable. There are many medication options and other ways to treat it. It’s even possible to turn this condition’s effects into advantages that can help you in the workplace and your personal life. If you think you have ADHD, getting diagnosed can help. With treatment, it’s possible to harness the effects and turn them into tools for success.

• #63 Diagnosing and treating adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | British Columbia Medical Journal

  https://bcmj.org/articles/diagnosing-and-treating-adult-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder

  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition that is increasingly understood to continue into adulthood. Treating adult ADHD supports the unique strengths of these individuals. Treatment for adults with ADHD is most effective when it focuses on a combination of pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacological treatments, such as executive function cognitive-behavioral therapy training. Psychostimulant medications are commonly used to treat ADHD in adults and are highly effective in managing ADHD. After making a diagnosis, family physicians continue to provide important supports in psychoeducation and psychosocial interventions to reduce functional impairment and improve quality of life throughout the patients lifespan. […] Treatment for adults with ADHD is effective and includes a combination of pharmacotherapy, if tolerated, and nonpharmacological treatments to achieve optimal health outcomes.

• #64 ADHD in Adults: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5197-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-in-adults

  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a brain development condition that starts in childhood and continues after you become an adult. This condition causes trouble with maintaining attention, hyperactivity and impulse control difficulties. With treatment, people can usually live fulfilling lives with few or no effects from it. […] There’s no cure for ADHD, but it’s very treatable. […] Medication is the most common and effective way to treat ADHD, and multiple types of medications can treat it. A few examples of those types include stimulants, non-stimulants and antidepressants. […] Many adults with ADHD benefit from treatments like psychotherapy (the technical term for mental health therapy). They may also use adaptation strategies, such as setting consistent routines, keeping a planner or notebook and using smartphone apps. Your healthcare provider can tell you more about therapy methods and lifestyle adjustments that might help.

Zobacz więcej