Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Raynaud’s Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9849-raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynauds syndrome causes spasms in small blood vessels in your fingers and toes. […] Common triggers of Raynauds attacks include cold weather and stress. […] Raynauds causes you to have episodic spasms, called vasospastic attacks, in response to cold temperatures or stress. […] Primary Raynauds syndrome has no identifiable underlying cause. […] An underlying disease or condition usually causes secondary Raynauds syndrome (Raynauds phenomenon). Its especially common in people with connective tissue diseases. Some of these diseases reduce blood flow to your fingers and toes. […] Other causes include repetitive motions and some medications. […] Diseases and conditions that can cause Raynauds phenomenon include Buergers disease, cancer, carpal tunnel syndrome, dermatomyositis, hypothyroidism, lupus, mixed connective tissue disease, peripheral artery disease, polymyositis, pulmonary hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and CREST syndrome, Sjgrens syndrome, thoracic outlet syndrome, and vasculitis.

• #2 Raynaud’s Phenomenon or Disease Treatment & Types | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynauds phenomenon is a condition that causes the blood vessels in the extremities to narrow, restricting blood flow. […] The primary form has no known cause, but the secondary form is related to another health issue, especially autoimmune diseases like lupus or scleroderma. […] The primary form of Raynauds phenomenon, which is of unknown cause, has been linked to: […] The secondary form of Raynauds phenomenon occurs in combination with another disease or an environmental exposure. Factors that have been linked to secondary Raynauds phenomenon include: […] Primary Raynaud’s phenomenon has no known cause. It is the more common form of the condition. […] Secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon is associated with another problem, such as a rheumatic disease like lupus or scleroderma. […] Scientists do not know exactly why Raynauds phenomenon develops in some people, but they do understand how attacks happen. […] In secondary Raynauds phenomenon, damage to the blood vessels from certain diseases, such as lupus or scleroderma, or work-related exposures are associated with the condition.

• #3 What causes Raynaud’s | SRUK

  https://www.sruk.co.uk/raynauds/what-causes-raynauds/

  Raynaud’s phenomenon occurs when the small blood vessels within the body’s extremities, such as the fingers and toes, are over-sensitive. This oversensitivity causes a more extreme reaction in response to certain triggers, such as cold weather. This is known as a Raynaud’s attack. […] It is likely that primary Raynaud’s is caused by certain disruptions to the way that the nervous system controls blood vessels, although exactly what causes these disruptions remains unknown. […] There is evidence that primary Raynaud’s may sometimes be an inherited condition, since multiple cases can arise within the same family. […] In some cases, it is another health condition that causes the blood vessels to overreact, leading to Raynaud’s symptoms. This is called secondary Raynaud’s. […] Most cases of secondary Raynaud’s are linked to autoimmune diseases, meaning that the immune system is overactive, causing it to attack healthy tissues within the body.

• #4 Raynaud’s phenomenon | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynauds phenomenon may be a sign of an underlying autoimmune disorder such as scleroderma or lupus, so its important to see your doctor for diagnosis. […] Raynauds phenomenon can occur on its own (primary Raynauds phenomenon), or it can be linked to another disease or condition (secondary Raynauds phenomenon). […] Primary Raynauds phenomenon is referred to as idiopathic because there is no clear underlying cause. […] Secondary Raynauds phenomenon is generally more complex and serious than primary Raynauds. The most common causes of secondary Raynauds are underlying autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus). […] Other common causes of secondary Raynauds phenomenon are: mechanical vibration such as using a power tool (for example chainsaws, sanders or hammer drills) for long periods. This is known as industrial white finger, carpal tunnel syndrome, atherosclerosis a condition that involves narrowing of the arteries caused by a build-up of fatty plaques, and can hamper blood flow to the extremities, smoking constricts blood vessels, some medications such as beta blockers, some chemotherapy agents and medication that causes blood vessels to narrow, frostbite. […] The general response to secondary Raynauds phenomenon is to treat the underlying illness (such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis). In severe cases, to prevent tissue damage you may be prescribed medication that dilates your blood vessels.

• #5 Raynaud’s Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Management – CK Birla Hospital

  https://www.ckbhospital.com/blogs/raynauds-disease-causes-symptoms-treatment/

  Raynauds disease, a condition affecting blood circulation, manifests in extreme sensitivity to cold temperatures or stress, causing the fingers, toes, and sometimes other extremities to turn white or blue and feel numb or cold. […] According to a study conducted in 2020, the majority of individuals displaying these symptoms are diagnosed with primary Raynauds disorder, constituting 80-90 per cent of cases. This variant lacks a known cause and is considered idiopathic. […] Secondary Raynauds syndrome is triggered by an underlying medical condition or certain medications. For instance, systemic sclerosis can induce Raynauds phenomenon and frequently serves as the initial indicator of the disease. […] Primary Raynauds disease is characterised by the bodys response to cold or stress, restricting blood flow to the skin, and leading to symptoms. Factors impacting its occurrence include: […] Secondary Raynauds links to medical conditions, medications, or habits like smoking, arthritis, and autoimmune diseases. Cold and stress are common triggers, urging attention to bodily signals.

• #6 Raynaud Phenomenon | Raynaud’s Disease | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/raynaudphenomenon.html

  Raynaud phenomenon is a condition that affects your blood vessels (the tubes that your blood flows through). It causes your blood vessels to narrow, which decreases blood flow. This is called a Raynaud episode or „attack.” The attacks usually affect your fingers and toes, causing them to become cold and numb. They may also change color, usually to white or blue. These attacks happen in response to cold temperatures or stress. […] […] There are two types of Raynaud phenomenon: Primary Raynaud phenomenon is the more common type. Its cause is unknown. […] Secondary Raynaud phenomenon is usually caused by another disease or problem, such as lupus or scleroderma. Other causes may be exposure to cold or certain chemicals. The type can be more serious than the primary type. […] […] Researchers don’t know exactly why some people develop Raynaud phenomenon. But they do understand how the attacks happen. When you are exposed to cold, your body tries to slow the loss of heat and maintain its temperature. To do this, the blood vessels in the top layer of your skin constrict (narrow). This moves blood from those vessels near the surface to vessels deeper in the body. But when you have Raynaud phenomenon, the blood vessels in your hands and feet react to cold or stress by narrowing quickly. They also stay narrowed for a long time. […]

• #7 First Genetic Causes of Raynaud’s Phenomenon Discovered – News – BIH at Charité

  https://www.bihealth.org/en/notices/first-genetic-causes-of-raynauds-phenomenon-discovered

  Two to five percent of all people are affected by Raynaud’s phenomenon: In cold or stressful conditions, the small blood vessels that supply the skin constrict and the fingers or toes turn white. […] We therefore aimed to find genetic causes of Raynaud’s phenomenon. […] In their analyses, the scientists discovered variation in two genes that predisposed participants to Raynaud’s phenomenon: One was the alpha-2A-adrenergic receptor for adrenaline, ADRA2A, a classic stress receptor that causes the small vessels to contract. […] In Raynaud’s patients, however, this receptor seemed to be particularly active, which could explain the vasospasms, especially in combination with the second gene that we found: This gene is the transcription factor IRX1, which may regulate the ability of blood vessels to dilate.

• #8 First genetic causes of Raynaud’s phenomenon discovered

  https://phys.org/news/2023-10-genetic-raynaud-phenomenon.html

  Two to five percent of all people are affected by Raynaud’s phenomenon: In cold or stressful conditions, the small blood vessels that supply the skin constrict and the fingers or toes turn white. […] „But the four-to-one ratio between women and men and the symptoms described are still hold true, but the disease is understudied and there is still no really effective treatment. We therefore aimed to find genetic causes of Raynaud’s phenomenon.” […] In their analyses, the scientists discovered variation in two genes that predisposed participants to Raynaud’s phenomenon: One was the alpha-2A-adrenergic receptor for adrenaline, ADRA2A, a classic stress receptor that causes the small vessels to contract. […] „In Raynaud’s patients, however, this receptor seemed to be particularly active, which could explain the vasospasms, especially in combination with the second gene that we found: This gene is the transcription factor IRX1, which may regulate the ability of blood vessels to dilate.” […] „Our results neatly align with what we observe in patients,” says Claudia Langenberg. „They can explain well why the blood vessels of patients with Raynaud’s quickly become narrow and only slowly widen again.”

• #9 Raynaud’s Syndrome (Phenomenon): Symptoms and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynauds disease is a primary condition that isnt linked to any other underlying condition. Symptoms of Raynauds disease can also be caused by different underlying conditions. This is known as a secondary condition and is colloquially known as Raynauds syndrome, Raynauds phenomenon, or just Raynauds. For example, vasospasms provoked by other conditions, such as arthritis, frostbite, or autoimmune disease, are called secondary Raynauds. […] Doctors dont fully understand the cause of primary Raynauds. Your body responds to cold temperatures or emotional stress by restricting the blood flow to the skin. […] Even though the cause isnt known, some factors appear to impact when it occurs. These factors include: Genetics. An estimated 50 percent of those with Raynauds have close family members with the same condition. Impaired circulation. If you have increased vascular tone, also known as the amount of constriction your blood vessels create, you are prone to Raynauds phenomenon. Nervous system miscommunication. Your nervous system controls your bodys automatic temperature regulation response, but it may not be responding to stress and temperature changes as it should, leading to delayed vasoconstriction. Blood thickness. Our blood consists of different cells that affect its viscosity and consistency. Any abnormalities or blood disorders may make you more prone to primary Raynauds syndrome.

• #10 Raynaud Syndrome – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/peripheral-arterial-disorders/raynaud-syndrome

  Raynaud syndrome is probably due to an exaggerated alpha-2 adrenergic response that triggers vasospasm; the mechanism is not defined. […] In the remaining 20% of patients with Raynaud symptoms, a causative underlying disease (eg, systemic sclerosis) will be evident at initial presentation or diagnosed subsequently. […] Secondary Raynaud syndrome accompanies various disorders and conditions, mostly connective tissue disorders. […] Nicotine commonly contributes to secondary Raynaud syndrome but is often overlooked. Raynaud syndrome may accompany migraine headaches, variant angina, and pulmonary hypertension, suggesting that these disorders share a common vasospastic mechanism. […] Treatment of secondary Raynaud syndrome focuses on the underlying disorder.

• #11 Primary Raynaud Phenomenon | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0915/p403.html

  The cause of primary Raynaud phenomenon is unknown. There is evidence for genetic predisposition, usually in persons younger than 40 years with early-onset Raynaud phenomenon. One prospective observational study of 424 persons with Raynaud phenomenon found that 73% of persons first developed symptoms before 40 years of age. Women are at higher risk than men (odds ratio = 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 7.8, in one U.S. case-control study of 235 persons). The other known risk factor is occupational exposure to vibration from tools (symptoms developed in about 8% with exposure vs. 2.7% with no exposure in two cohorts from Japan). Persons who are obese may be at lower risk. Exposure to cold or heightened emotion can worsen symptoms. […] One systematic review found that 13% of persons with long-term Raynaud phenomenon later manifested an underlying disorder, such as systemic sclerosis. In a large cohort of patients with Raynaud phenomenon and no known connective tissue disease who were seen in a specialist rheumatology clinic, 13% developed systemic sclerosis over time. Those who progressed to systemic sclerosis had abnormal dilated capillaries at the nail folds and systemic sclerosis-specific antibodies.

• #12 Raynaud’s Disease: Types, Symptoms and Treatment | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/65457-raynauds-disease.html

  Raynaud’s disease (also known as Raynaud’s phenomenon, Raynaud’s syndrome or simply Raynaud’s) is a blood vessel disorder that causes the vessels in the body’s extremities to constrict more than necessary when experiencing stress or cold temperatures. The constricted vessels prevent blood from reaching the surface of the skin. This causes the affected areas, typically fingers and toes, to turn white, blue, then red, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine. […] Scientists aren’t sure what causes primary Renaud’s, but about 75% of those diagnosed with the disease are women between ages 15 and 40, according to the Cleveland Clinic. People who live in colder climates are also more susceptible to primary Raynaud’s. […] Secondary Raynaud’s occurs as a result of another disease or health condition, such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis or carpal tunnel syndrome. Smoking and exposure to certain medications such as beta blockers, chemotherapy drugs or some cold medications may also initiate secondary Raynaud’s, according to the Mayo Clinic.

• #13 Raynaud Phenomenon | Raynaud’s Disease | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/raynaudphenomenon.html

  Primary Raynaud phenomenon has been linked to: Your sex. Women get it more often than men. Your age. It usually develops in people younger than age 30. It often starts in the teenage years. A family history of Raynaud phenomenon. You are more likely to develop Raynaud phenomenon if you have a family member who has it. […] […] Secondary Raynaud phenomenon has been linked to: Certain diseases. These include lupus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), carpal tunnel syndrome, and connective tissue disorders. Certain medicines. Medicines that treat high blood pressure, migraines, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may cause similar symptoms to Raynaud phenomenon or make your symptoms worse. Work-related exposures, such as repeated use of vibrating machinery (such as a jackhammer), or exposure to cold or certain chemicals.

• #14 Raynaud’s phenomenon Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/raynauds-phenomenon

  No one knows what causes primary Raynaud’s. Researchers think that when people with Raynaud’s get cold or feel stress — which causes blood vessels to narrow — their blood vessels overreact and constrict more than they do in people without Raynaud’s. […] Primary Raynaud’s is more common in people who live in cold climates and those who have a family history of Raynaud’s. […] Risk factors for secondary Raynaud’s include: […] Other medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus), and carpal tunnel syndrome. If you have Raynaud’s because of these conditions, it is called secondary Raynaud’s and is often more severe.

• #15 Raynaud’s disease | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/raynauds-disease?content_id=CON-20316968

  Raynaud’s (ray-NOSE) disease causes some areas of the body such as fingers and toes to feel numb and cold in response to cold temperatures or stress. […] Experts don’t fully understand the cause of Raynaud’s attacks. But blood vessels in the hands and feet appear to react too strongly to cold temperatures or stress. […] With Raynaud’s, blood vessels to the fingers and toes narrow when exposed to cold or stress. The narrowed vessels limit blood flow. Over time, these small blood vessels can thicken slightly and limit blood flow even more. […] Cold temperatures are the most likely cause of an attack. Examples are putting hands in cold water, taking something from a freezer or being in cold air. For some people, emotional stress can trigger an episode. […] Causes of secondary Raynaud’s include: Connective tissue diseases. Most people who have a rare disease that leads to hardening and scarring of the skin, known as scleroderma, have Raynaud’s. Other diseases that increase the risk of Raynaud’s include lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren syndrome. […] Certain diseases. These include conditions such as scleroderma and lupus.

• #16

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw180981

  Raynaud’s may be a symptom of another disease, such as lupus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, or atherosclerosis. It may also be caused by taking certain medicines, using vibrating power tools for several years, smoking, or having frostbite. (This is sometimes called secondary Raynaud’s.) […] Often Raynaud’s has no known cause. (This is sometimes called primary Raynaud’s.) […] Certain things can trigger an attack of symptoms. The most common trigger is exposure to cold. In the cold, it’s normal for the body to narrow the small blood vessels to the skin and to open the blood vessels to the inside parts of the body to keep the body warm. But with Raynaud’s, the body restricts blood flow to the skin more than it needs to. Other triggers can include emotional stress and things that affect the flow of blood, such as smoking and some medicines.

• #17 Raynaud’s Disease (Causes, Symptoms and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/raynauds-phenomenon-pro

  Secondary Raynaud’s is much less common (10-20% of cases) and is the initial manifestation of an associated underlying connective tissue disease, such as scleroderma, dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjgren’s syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis. […] The main risk factors identified for primary Raynaud’s phenomenon were female gender, positive family history, smoking and migraine. Smoking and hand-arm vibration syndrome are more commonly implicated in men. […] An underlying disorder develops in 13% of cases of the primary form. Primary Raynaud’s disease may go into remission. Most patients have a stable course and over half improve over time. […] Secondary cases are more prone to be problematic – ulceration, scarring, or gangrene occur in 17% of people with Raynaud’s disease secondary to systemic sclerosis.

• #18 Raynaud’s Disease | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/raynaud-s-disease

  Raynauds disease is an abnormal sensitivity to cold that causes tingling, discomfort, numbness and color changes in the fingers and/or toes. […] The causes of primary Raynauds are unknown. However, episodes are often triggered by cold temperatures and sometimes emotional stress like if you become nervous or excited. […] Secondary Raynauds This is often more complex and severe. It happens as a result of another disease, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. It may also be linked to certain medicines, such as chemotherapy drugs, or the use of vibrating tools, such as jackhammers, which may cause hand or wrist injuries.

• #19 Raynaud’s phenomenon | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/a-to-z/raynauds-phenomenon/

  Raynauds phenomenon is the result of over-sensitive blood vessels in the bodys extremities. In many cases, no cause is identified, although its sometimes linked to other health conditions. […] The causes of primary Raynauds are unclear. However 1 in 10 people with primary Raynauds goes on to develop a condition associated with secondary Raynauds, such as lupus. […] The majority of cases of secondary Raynauds are associated with autoimmune conditions, which cause the immune system to attack healthy tissue. […] In some cases, an underlying health condition could be causing the blood vessels to overreact. This is called secondary Raynauds. […] Secondary Raynauds can also be a side effect of taking certain medicines, including some types of anti-migraine medication such as sumatriptan and ergotamine, beta-blockers which are used to treat high blood pressure and heart disease, and some chemotherapy medicines. […] Raynauds sometimes results from a physical injury. It can also affect musicians, people who type a lot, or other people who use their fingers and hands more than usual. […] Smoking cigarettes also increases your risk of developing Raynauds.

• #20 Raynaud syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raynaud_syndrome

  Raynaud syndrome can precede these other diseases by many years, making it the first presenting symptom. This may be the case in the CREST syndrome, of which Raynaud’s is a part. […] Patients with secondary Raynaud’s can also have symptoms related to their underlying diseases. Raynaud’s phenomenon is the initial symptom that presents for 70% of patients with scleroderma, a skin and joint disease. […] Three main changes are seen in the mechanism of Raynaud’s phenomenon which are reduced blood flow, blood vessel constriction, and neurogenic, inflammatory, and immune responses. It is induced by mental stress and a cold atmosphere. In all cases, the primary cause is an underlying hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system. Although, with different types, the exact pathophysiology differs. In the primary type, there is an increase in sensitivity due to the reasons mentioned above resulting in vasoconstriction. In the secondary type, normal activity of blood vessels is disrupted due to the same reasons mentioned above causing vasoconstriction which leads to ischemia and tissue death.

• #20 Raynaud syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raynaud_syndrome

  Raynaud’s disease, or primary Raynaud’s, is diagnosed if the symptoms are idiopathic, that is, if they occur by themselves and not in association with other diseases. Some refer to primary Raynaud’s disease as „being allergic to coldness”. It often develops in young women in their teens and early adulthood. Primary Raynaud’s is thought to be at least partly hereditary. In a large genetic study two genes were identified that predispose for the condition: ADRA2A (alpha-2A-adrenergic receptor for adrenaline) and the transcription factor IRX1. […] Raynaud’s phenomenon, or secondary Raynaud’s, occurs secondary to a wide variety of other conditions. Secondary Raynaud’s has a number of associations: Connective tissue disorders: Scleroderma, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjgren’s syndrome, Dermatomyositis, Polymyositis, Mixed connective tissue disease, Cold agglutinin disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

• #21 Medical IDs for Raynaud’s Syndrome | MedicAlert Foundation

  https://www.medicalert.org/medical-conditions/raynauds-syndrome/?srsltid=AfmBOoqgeyOVajYXBH-4-90UNXgW8tp3XoB0u072AKjxbriJsP1YS_-m

  Scientists understand that the symptoms of Raynauds are due to vasospasm of the arteries supplying blood to the fingers and toes. This vasospasm is a sudden narrowing of the blood vessels. In Raynauds, it is an abnormal response to cold or stress, and it can happen without a known cause or because of the effects of the underlying diseases discussed above, as well as medication use and smoking. […] Of the diseases linked to Raynauds, there are a few that most commonly cause Raynauds symptoms: […] 90% of people with scleroderma have Raynauds […] 1 in 3 people with lupus have Raynauds […] There is a higher risk of Raynauds for people with autoimmune diseases and connective tissue diseases […] Pianists, keyboard operators, and those whose occupations require repetitive vibration like chainsaws and jackhammers, are also at higher risk of Raynauds.

• #22 What causes Raynaud’s | SRUK

  https://www.sruk.co.uk/raynauds/what-causes-raynauds/

  Scleroderma is one example of an autoimmune condition that is known to be associated with secondary Raynaud’s, however there are a number of other possibilities, including: rheumatoid arthritis which causes joint pain and swelling, Sjogren’s syndrome where the immune system affects the body’s sweat and tear glands, lupus which causes tiredness, joint pain and skin rashes, diseases affecting the arteries, including atherosclerosis, meaning the build-up of plaques within the blood vessels that feed the heart; or Buerger’s disease, a disorder whereby the blood vessels of the hands and feet become inflamed. […] Smoking is a factor in developing Raynaud’s as this constricts the blood vessels. […] Certain medications including beta blockers used to treat high blood pressure, migraine medications containing ergotamine or sumatriptan, medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, certain chemotherapy agents and other drugs that cause blood vessels to narrow have also been linked to Raynaud’s.

• #23 Raynaud phenomenon

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/raynaud-phenomenon

  Raynaud phenomenon can be divided into two main types: […] Primary Raynaud phenomenon, also known as Raynaud Disease. This is not associated with any other conditions. […] Secondary Raynaud phenomenon has the same symptoms due to an identifiable cause or condition. […] Patients with secondary Raynaud phenomenon often have the symptoms of an associated condition or are on medication that can cause Raynaud phenomenon as a side effect. […] Connective tissue diseases are believed to be due to disordered regulation of the immune system. […] Systemic sclerosis (a systemic form of scleroderma) is the most likely connective tissue disease to present with Raynaud phenomenon, especially the CREST syndrome form: calcinosis, Raynaud, (o)esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, telangiectasis. […] Raynaud phenomenon also occurs in systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, Sjgren syndrome, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

• #24 Raynaud Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499833/

  Secondary Raynaud phenomenon is associated with different etiologies. It is most commonly associated with connective tissue disorders such as scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren syndrome, and antiphospholipid syndrome. […] Drugs, such as antimigraine medications, interferon alpha and beta, cyclosporine, and nonselective beta blockers, can cause secondary Raynaud phenomenon. […] Occupations that result in overt vibrational exposure from vibrating machinery mostly affect males. This is known as hand-arm vibration syndrome. Exposure to polyvinyl chloride, cold injury from work, or ammunition work are other occupational-associated causes of secondary Raynaud phenomenon. […] In the population of patients older than 60 years, the obstructive vascular disease is a frequent cause of Raynaud phenomenon. Obstructive vascular disease causes include thromboangiitis obliterans, microemboli, diabetic angiopathy, or atherosclerosis. […] Infections associated with secondary Raynaud phenomenon include parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. […] Other causes of secondary Raynaud phenomenon include fibromyalgia, polycythemia, arteriovenous fistula, myalgic encephalitis, or malignancy.

• #25 Frequently Asked Questions – Raynaud’s Association

  https://www.raynauds.org/frequently-asked-questions/

  Raynauds (ray-NODES) is a disorder of the small blood vessels of the extremities, reducing blood flow. […] Primary Raynauds, the most common type, is not linked to another underlying medical condition or disease. There is no apparent cause for the phenomenon to occur. […] Secondary Raynauds is the term used when Raynauds is associated with another medical condition or disease, often of a rheumatic nature such as scleroderma (also known as systemic sclerosis) or systemic lupus erythematosus. […] Although we know many of the common triggers that create Raynauds episodes in individuals, the basic cause of Raynauds in most cases is still a mystery. However, there has been a link established between Raynauds and some autoimmune diseases (although it must be emphasized that the vast majority of Raynauds patients do not have those diseases). Raynauds may precede such diseases by years. […] Raynauds also may signal damage to the blood vessels caused by occupational injuries (from using jackhammers, for example), trauma, excessive smoking, circulatory problems, drug use or exposure to certain chemicals and toxic substances.

• #26 Raynaud phenomenon Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/raynaud-phenomenon

  Raynaud phenomenon is a condition in which cold temperatures or strong emotions cause blood vessel spasms. This blocks blood flow to the affected regions and causes discoloration […] When Raynaud phenomenon is a primary condition, meaning it occurs by itself and not in association with other diseases, it is referred to as Raynaud disease. It most often begins in women younger than age 30. Secondary Raynaud phenomenon is when the condition is linked to other conditions and can occur at any age. […] Common causes of secondary Raynaud phenomenon are: Diseases of the arteries (such as atherosclerosis and Buerger disease), Drugs that cause narrowing of arteries (such as amphetamines, certain types of beta-blockers, some cancer drugs, certain drugs used for migraine headaches), Arthritis and autoimmune conditions (such as scleroderma, Sjögren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus), Certain blood disorders, such as cold agglutinin disease or cryoglobulinemia, Repeated injury or usage such as from heavy use of hand tools or vibrating machines, Smoking, Frostbite, Thoracic outlet syndrome. […] It is vital to treat the condition causing Raynaud phenomenon.

• #27 Raynaud’s Disease & Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynauds Phenomenon Causes […] Secondary Raynauds syndrome works the same as primary Raynaud’s, but you get it as a result of another disease. Conditions that make you more likely to get Raynaud’s phenomenon include: […] Connective tissue diseases. If you have scleroderma, a rare disease that causes your skin to harden and scar, you may also have Raynaud’s. Lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome also make it more likely. […] Artery disease. This includes conditions such as: […] Atherosclerosis, or plaque buildup in the blood vessels that feed your heart […] Buerger’s disease, which causes inflammation in the blood vessels of your hands and feet […] Primary pulmonary hypertension, a type of high blood pressure that affects the arteries in your lungs […] Carpal tunnel syndrome. Pressure on a major nerve in your hand can cause numbness, and pain, making you more sensitive to the cold.

• #28

  https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/table/031_6240

  Causes of secondary Raynaud phenomenon: Systemic connective tissue diseases, Systemic sclerosis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjgren syndrome, Antiphospholipid syndrome, Eosinophilic fasciitis, Mixed connective tissue disease, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Myositis, Primary biliary cirrhosis […] Vasculitides, Behet disease, Buerger disease, Takayasu disease, Polyarteritis nodosa, Other systemic vasculitides, Atherosclerosis (rare), Diabetic microangiopathy, Microembolization, Giant cell arteritis, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis) […] Occupational exposure, Vibration and repetitive mechanical finger injuries, Exposure to cold […] Intoxication and chemical agents, Vinyl chloride poisoning, Cocaine, Heavy metal poisoning (lead, thallium), Nicotine, Acrylic artificial nails

• #28

  https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/table/031_6240

  Blood disorders, Leukemia and lymphoma, Cold agglutinin disease, Polycythemia vera, Monoclonal and polyclonal cryoglobulinemia, Cryofibrinogenemia, Essential thrombocythemia, Multiple myeloma, Disseminated intravascular coagulation […] Central nervous system disorders, Syringomyelia, Tabes dorsalis […] Compression syndromes, Thoracic outlet syndrome, Carpal tunnel syndrome, Compression syndrome following use of forearm crutches […] Drugs, Ergot derivatives, Beta-blockers, Oral contraceptives, Vincristine, Bleomycin, Cyclosporine, Interferon alpha, Interferon gamma […] Infectious diseases, Leprosy, Cytomegalovirus infection, Parvovirus infection, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, Helicobacter pylori infection, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C […] Other disorders, Anorexia nervosa, Cancer, Frostbite, Primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension, Arteriovenous shunts (including those related to dialysis), Familial cold urticaria, Carney complex.

• #29 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Symptoms, causes, treatments, and your questions answered.

  https://examine.com/conditions/raynauds-phenomenon/?srsltid=AfmBOorpC0b6vfsrfYvLMj4-m2l-tpLF1rJoPbo6KObHtgyI9EnXhx8k

  The following conditions have been implicated in the development of secondary Raynauds: Autoimmune conditions: Autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, scleroderma, and Sjogren syndrome can trigger Raynauds attacks. […] Certain medications such as beta blockers, cyclosporine, and migraine medications have been linked to secondary Raynauds. […] Exposure to vibrations from machinery, chemicals from PVC, and chemicals associated with ammunition production can trigger Raynauds attacks. […] Diseases that block or reduce blood flow through blood vessels such as atherosclerosis and diabetic angiopathy (a condition that causes blood flow restriction from high glucose levels) can cause secondary Raynaud’s. […] Infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and cytomegalovirus can cause secondary Reynauds. […] Secondary Raynauds has also been linked to other conditions such as fibromyalgia, cancer, and polycythemia (a blood condition associated with abnormally high red blood cell production).

• #29 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Symptoms, causes, treatments, and your questions answered.

  https://examine.com/conditions/raynauds-phenomenon/?srsltid=AfmBOorpC0b6vfsrfYvLMj4-m2l-tpLF1rJoPbo6KObHtgyI9EnXhx8k

  The most common cause of Raynauds phenomenon is overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system. This causes an increased release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, which binds to and activates adrenergic receptors. When the alpha-2 adrenergic receptors on blood vessels are activated, the smooth muscle tissue that lines the blood vessel walls contracts, causing vasoconstriction (a narrowing of blood vessels). […] Excessive blood vessel constriction reduces blood flow to the extremities, which causes the characteristic changes in skin color associated with Raynauds as well as pain, tingling, and numbness. […] There are two main variants of Raynauds: primary and secondary. With primary Raynauds, the disorder occurs on its own, independent of any underlying condition. In contrast, secondary Raynauds is caused by the presence of another underlying condition, such as lupus, scleroderma, or other autoimmune disorders.

• #30 Raynaud’s Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9849-raynauds-phenomenon

  Medications and substances that can cause Raynauds phenomenon include beta-blockers, caffeine, chemotherapy, cocaine, decongestants, epoxy resins, migraine medications, nicotine, and stimulant medications. […] Other causes of Raynauds phenomenon include frostbite and traumatic vasospasm from vibrating tools or repeated pounding with the palm of your hand.

• #31 Raynaud’s disease // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/raynaud-s-disease

  Diseases of the blood vessels. These include a buildup of fatty deposits in blood vessels that feed the heart and a disorder in which the blood vessels of the hands and feet become inflamed. A type of high blood pressure that affects the blood vessels of the lungs also may cause secondary Raynaud’s. […] Carpal tunnel syndrome. This condition involves pressure on a major nerve to the hand. The pressure causes numbness and pain in the hand that can make the hand react more to cold temperatures. […] Repeated actions or vibration. Typing, playing piano or doing movements like that for long periods can cause overuse injuries. So can using vibrating tools, such as jackhammers. […] Smoking. Smoking narrows blood vessels. […] Injuries to the hands or feet. Examples include a wrist break, surgery or frostbite. […] Certain medicines. These include beta blockers for high blood pressure, some migraine medicines, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medicines, certain cancer medicines and some cold medicines.

• #32 Raynaud Phenomenon | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/raynaud-phenomenon

  For children with primary Raynauds, we dont know what causes their blood vessels to react in such a vigorous way to cold and emotional stress. […] However, there are concrete causes for secondary Raynauds, and in children its most often an underlying autoimmune disease. The illnesses we tend to see with secondary Raynauds are: […] Diseases like arteriosclerosis and hypertension can also damage the blood vessels and cause secondary Raynauds, though almost always in adults. Other potential causes of secondary Raynauds include: […] Certain kinds of drugs have been linked to Raynauds, such as beta blockers (used to treat high blood pressure), migraine prescriptions with ergotamine, medications with estrogen, drugs containing caffeine (such as Excedrin), medications used for ADHD, and some over-the-counter decongestants.

• #33 Raynaud Phenomenon: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/331197-overview

  The cause of primary Raynaud phenomenon remains unknown. Ascherman et al propose an autoimmune etiology, with cytokeratin 10 (K10) as a candidate autoantigen; their study in mice showed that anti-K10 antibodies can mediate ischemia similar to that seen in Raynaud phenomenon. […] A study from northern Sweden found that cold injury may precede the onset of Raynaud phenomenon, suggesting this as a possible causal factor. […] Possible causes for secondary Raynaud can be divided into several broad categories, including the following: Occupational, Hematologic, Collagen-vascular (autoimmune), Medication-induced (eg, cisplatin, bleomycin, beta-blockers, checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, methylphenidate) […] Rarely, secondary Raynaud phenomenon may be a paraneoplastic syndrome. Cases have been reported in patients with hematologic, lung, breast, uterine, and ovarian cancers, principally adenocarcinomas. […] A study using data from the population-based LifeLines Cohort Study from the Netherlands found an association between low body weight and prior involuntary weight loss and risk of Raynaud phenomenon in both men and women.

• #34 Raynaud’s Phenomenon Disease Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Medications, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/raynauds_phenomenon/article.htm

  Raynaud’s phenomenon can be prevented by avoiding the precipitating factors, such as cold or heat exposure, smoking, etc. […] Certain medications should be avoided. Medications that can aggravate symptoms of RP by leading to increased blood-vessel spasms include over-the-counter cold and weight-control preparations, such as pseudoephedrine (Actifed, Chlor-Trimeton, CoTylenol, and Sudafed). Beta-blockers, medicines used for high blood pressure and heart disease, can also worsen RP. These include atenolol (Tenormin), metoprolol (Lopressor), nadolol (Corgard), and propranolol.

• #35

  https://arthritis.ca/about-arthritis/arthritis-types-(a-z)/types/raynaud-s-phenomenon

  Raynaud’s phenomenon is a condition resulting from clamping down (spasm) of the arteries, usually those in the fingers and toes. […] Raynaud’s phenomenon is called primary Raynauds when there is no known associated disease and secondary Raynauds if it is associated with a connective tissue disease or inflammation of the blood vessels. […] Secondary Raynauds is associated with diseases that affect the blood vessels, including a number of different types of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), scleroderma, lupus or Sjogrens syndrome. […] Smoking may be a risk factor as well. […] Primary Raynaud’s, where there is no known associated disease, is the most common form. […] In some people with secondary Raynauds (especially those with scleroderma), painful sores (ulcers) appear on the tips of the fingers or toes when blood flow is permanently reduced. […] Most people with Raynauds will not need treatment. […] If they smoke, they should discontinue smoking as it make the symptoms worse. […] Smoking triggers vasospasms in your whole body and will worsen the symptoms of Raynaud’s phenomenon.

• #36 Raynaud’s Phenomenon – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/raynauds-phenomenon-a-to-z

  Raynaud’s phenomenon is a blood vessel disorder. The condition is also called Raynaud’s disease or Raynaud’s syndrome. […] No one knows what causes Raynaud’s phenomenon. People who do not have any other symptoms or disease are said to have primary Raynaud’s. People who have Raynaud’s as part of another disease are said to have secondary Raynaud’s. […] Secondary Raynaud’s is commonly linked to connective-tissue disorders, such as scleroderma and lupus. It also can result from blood vessel damage due to injury, frostbite or use of jarring machinery, such as jackhammers or chainsaws. […] Other causes of secondary Raynaud’s include: smoking, medications (especially certain heart and migraine medications) and cocaine, diseases that affect circulation (such as atherosclerosis). […] These factors can also worsen pre-existing Raynaud’s.

• #37 Raynaud’s phenomenon | Causes, symptoms, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/raynauds-phenomenon/

• #38

  https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/raynaud.html

  Raynaud’s phenomenon has many different causes, including workplace exposures. Occupationally, it is most commonly associated with „hand-arm vibration syndrome,” but it is also involved in other occupational diseases. […] People can also get Raynaud’s phenomenon because of certain underlying diseases (e.g., connective tissue diseases such as scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, or lupus; diseases of the arteries; carpal tunnel syndrome; certain medications; or smoking) or injuries. This form is known as „secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon.” […] Within the workplace, several hazards can cause secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon. Exposure to vibration from power tools is the greatest concern. Hand-held power tools such as chain saws, jackhammers, pneumatic rock drillers and chippers can cause „hand-arm vibration syndrome.”

• #38

  https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/raynaud.html

  Raynaud’s phenomenon is also seen in typists and professional pianists from repeated finger stress and in dentists and dental technicians. Frostbite injury with damage to the blood vessels can also cause Raynaud’s phenomenon. […] Other studies have identified Raynaud’s phenomenon in workers who injured their hands by using them for hammering, pushing or twisting heavy objects. In these cases, Raynaud’s phenomenon was part of a disorder called hypothenar hammer syndrome.

• #39 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae/en/health-hub/health-resource/diseases-and-conditions/raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynaud’s phenomenon (also called Raynaud’s disease, Raynaud’s syndrome, or Raynaud’s) is a disorder that affects the blood vessels in the fingers and toes. […] The spasms can be caused by extreme changes in temperature (such as going outside in the cold), certain occupational exposures (such as vibration of the hands), or stress. […] Patients with this type of the condition have another disease or medical condition that causes Raynaud’s symptoms. […] Other possible causes of secondary Raynaud’s include: Traumatic vasospasm from the use of vibrating tools or repeated pounding with the palm of the hand (hypothenar hammer syndrome), Carpal tunnel syndrome, Obstructive arterial disease (blood vessel disease), Medications, including beta-blockers, ergotamine preparations, certain chemotherapy drugs, and those that constrict the blood vessels (such as some narcotics and over-the-counter cold medications), Thyroid disorders.

• #40 Raynaud’s disease // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/raynaud-s-disease

  Raynaud’s disease causes smaller blood vessels that supply blood flow to the skin to narrow in response to cold or stress. […] Experts don’t fully understand the cause of Raynaud’s attacks. But blood vessels in the hands and feet appear to react too strongly to cold temperatures or stress. […] With Raynaud’s, blood vessels to the fingers and toes narrow when exposed to cold or stress. The narrowed vessels limit blood flow. Over time, these small blood vessels can thicken slightly and limit blood flow even more. […] Cold temperatures are the most likely cause of an attack. Examples are putting hands in cold water, taking something from a freezer or being in cold air. For some people, emotional stress can trigger an episode. […] Causes of secondary Raynaud’s include: Connective tissue diseases. Most people who have a rare disease that leads to hardening and scarring of the skin, known as scleroderma, have Raynaud’s. Other diseases that increase the risk of Raynaud’s include lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren syndrome.

• #41 Raynaud’s Disease – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis – MedBroadcast.com

  https://medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/raynauds-disease

  Raynaud’s disease occurs when the small arteries (arterioles) that serve the fingers, toes, ears, or nose go into spasm. […] Sometimes this can happen as part of a pattern seen with other diseases, in which case it is called Raynaud’s phenomenon or secondary Raynaud’s. […] In primary Raynaud’s disease, we don’t know why any of this happens. In secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon, we can see it’s linked to certain diseases but we still don’t understand the exact mechanism. […] Scleroderma is the disease most closely associated with Raynaud’s phenomenon. […] A wide range of other diseases carry an elevated risk of Raynaud’s: rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes debilitating pain and damage to the joints, systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the skin and internal organs; like rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and Raynaud’s disease itself, lupus is much more common in women than in men, atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease, also known as „hardening of the arteries”, pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the lungs, another cardiovascular disease, hypothyroidism is decreased thyroid gland activity.

• #42 Raynaud’s

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/raynauds/

  Raynaud’s phenomenon is common and does not usually cause any severe problems. […] Usually it is brought about by a sudden change in temperature such as putting hands under a cold water tap or even taking something from a fridge or freezer. […] Raynaud’s can also be brought on by stress. […] When the onset of symptoms affects those over 40 it may be associated with other conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or similar types of conditions. […] The most severe form being associated with scleroderma. […] In rare cases, Raynaud’s could be a sign of a more serious condition, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.

• #43 Raynaud Phenomenon – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/raynaud-phenomenon

  Raynaud phenomenon is a condition in which cold temperatures or strong emotions cause blood vessel spasms. This blocks blood flow to the affected regions and causes discoloration […] When Raynaud phenomenon is a primary condition, meaning it occurs by itself and not in association with other diseases, it is referred to as Raynaud disease. It most often begins in women younger than age 30. Secondary Raynaud phenomenon is when the condition is linked to other conditions and can occur at any age. […] Common causes of secondary Raynaud phenomenon are: Diseases of the arteries (such as atherosclerosis and Buerger disease), Drugs that cause narrowing of arteries (such as amphetamines, certain types of beta-blockers, some cancer drugs, certain drugs used for migraine headaches), Arthritis and autoimmune conditions (such as scleroderma, Sjgren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus), Certain blood disorders, such as cold agglutinin disease or cryoglobulinemia, Repeated injury or usage such as from heavy use of hand tools or vibrating machines, Smoking, Frostbite, Thoracic outlet syndrome. […] It is vital to treat the condition causing Raynaud phenomenon.

• #44 First Genetic Causes of Raynaud’s Phenomenon Discovered – News – BIH at Charité

  https://www.bihealth.org/en/notices/first-genetic-causes-of-raynauds-phenomenon-discovered

  Together with the overactive adrenaline receptor, this may then lead to the vessels not supplying enough blood for a longer period of time, which leads to the observed white fingers and toes. […] For example, the scientists were able to show that people with a genetic predisposition to low blood sugar levels have an increased risk of Raynaud’s phenomenon and therefore patients should possibly avoid longer episodes of low blood sugar. […] They can explain well why the blood vessels of patients with Raynaud’s quickly become narrow and only slowly widen again. […] They also explain why many drugs used so far do not work: they are directed against mechanisms that often dilate the large vessels, but apparently not the very small vessels in our hands and feet that are affected in patients with Raynaud’s.

• #45 Raynaud’s Disease (Causes, Symptoms and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/raynauds-phenomenon-pro

  Raynaud’s disease is characterised by a paroxysmal vasospastic and subsequent vasodilatory chain of events affecting peripheral arterioles, usually in the hands and feet. It commonly occurs as a response to cold exposure but may also be precipitated by emotional turmoil. The process may occur as a primary entity or secondary to other disease processes. […] The pathogenesis of Raynaud’s disease is complex but abnormalities of the blood vessel wall, of neural control mechanisms and of intravascular circulating factors are known to interact and contribute. […] The most common trigger of Raynaud’s disease is thought to be exposure to cold. Attacks may even occur after minor changes in temperature, such as moving into an air-conditioned building from a hot summer day. Other reported triggers include emotional stress, medications such as beta-blockers, injury due to vibrations or forcible trauma, extended use of digits, smoking and the presence of other arterial diseases, such as vasculitis.

• #46 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae/en/health-hub/health-resource/diseases-and-conditions/raynauds-phenomenon

  An attack of Raynaud’s is usually triggered by exposure to cold or emotional stress. […] For people who have Raynaud’s, however, this normal body response is intensified by contractions of the small blood vessels that supply blood to the fingers and toes. The arteries in the fingers and toes can collapse or constrict, which reduces blood flow and causes changes in skin color.

• #47

• #47 Raynaud’s syndrome: Signs, symptoms, causes & treatments | Kenhub

  https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/raynaud-s-syndrome

  Secondary Raynaud phenomenon (SRP) is the term used when Raynaud’s is associated with another medical condition or disease, often of a rheumatic nature, such as scleroderma, lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus) and rheumatoid arthritis. […] This suggests that the patient might have some underlying autoimmune condition. […] The present case demonstrates the successful use of rituximab in a patient with PRP that was resistant to alternative, therapeutic management options; however, it remains unclear whether autoantibodies have a substantive role in the pathogenesis of primary or secondary RP. […] Previous studies have established the presence of antibodies against type IV collagen in patients with PRP, which may explain the response to rituximab in the present case.

• #48 Understanding Raynaud’s Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/understanding-raynauds-syndrome-symptoms-causes-and-treatments

  Secondary Raynaud phenomenon is associated with an underlying disease or other risk factors such as autoimmune and connective tissue diseases such as scleroderma, CREST syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, Sjogren’s syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. […] Researchers have not identified the root cause of Raynaud’s attacks. It appears that in people with this condition, the blood vessels in the hands and feet overreact to cold temperatures or stress, causing them to narrow. This limits blood flow to the area, causing Raynaud’s symptoms. With time, the small blood vessels can thicken, further restricting blood flow and making the symptoms worse. […] About 1 in 10 people with primary Raynaud’s disease go on to develop autoimmune disorders such as lupus. Secondary Raynaud’s disease is frequently associated with autoimmune diseases, including lupus, in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues.

• #49 Raynaud’s Disease & Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynauds Disease Causes […] When its cold, your body tries to conserve heat. One way it does that is to slow down blood flow to the areas farthest from your heart — your hands, feet, and other extremities. To do that, the network of small arteries that carry blood to those points gets narrower, moving them away from your skin. This is called the vasomotor response. […] If you have Raynauds, your response is off. Those arteries shrink more than normal, and faster than normal. That can make your fingers and toes feel numb and change color to white or blue. This usually lasts about 15 minutes. When the arteries relax and your body warms back up, your fingers feel tingly and turn red before returning to normal. […] Recent research has focused on identifying the genes that cause Raynaud’s, and low blood sugar levels or blood disorders may add to your risk of getting it. The exact cause is still unknown.

• #50 Raynaud’s phenomenon | Great Ormond Street Hospital

  https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/conditions-and-treatments/general-medical-conditions/raynaud-s-phenomenon/

  Raynauds phenomenon can occur on its own (primary Raynauds phenomenon) or as a result of an underlying condition (secondary) such as vasculitis, lupus or scleroderma. The primary type is the most common and usually starts in teenage years. The exact cause is not yet known. […] Doctors think that the secondary form occurs following damage to the blood vessels caused by the underlying condition. For instance, vasculitis causes inflammation of the blood vessels which can damage them over a period of time.

• #51 Raynaud’s disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/raynauds-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363572

  Blood tests can help find out whether another condition, such as an autoimmune condition or a connective tissue disease, is causing Raynaud’s. […] A positive test result often means that your immune system is mistakenly attacking body tissue. This is called an autoimmune reaction. Such immune system activity is common in people who have connective tissue diseases or other autoimmune disorders. […] A faster than typical rate might signal an inflammatory or autoimmune disease. […] Other tests, such as those that rule out diseases of the blood vessels, can help find a condition that can be related to Raynaud’s. […] Depending on the cause of symptoms, medicines might help. […] If you have secondary Raynaud’s, talk to your healthcare professional before exercising outdoors in the cold.

• #52 3 Crucial Steps For Raynaud’s Symptoms – Dr. Brian Lum

  https://www.drbrianlum.com/post/the-root-causes-of-raynaud-s

  If the liver becomes sluggish, it will impair circulation. This circulation impairment can lay the foundation for Raynaud’s. […] This liver connection is why Raynaud’s has been found to proceed almost every rheumatological disease including – lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, connective tissue disease, and Sjogrens. […] Total toxicity load will also be evaluated to see if high levels of toxins are impairing your body’s natural levels of detoxification. […] In cases of impaired circulation it is also useful to assess fatty acid metabolism as well as nutrient status.

• #53 What causes Raynaud’s disease? – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/ask-the-experts/raynauds-disease

  Raynauds disease, or Raynauds phenomenon, is named after the French doctor who first wrote about it in the 1850s. Its a common disorder in which small blood vessels are oversensitive to changes in temperature, although the exact cause isnt known. […] Theres no known link between Raynauds and heart disease. […] Although its a disorder that affects blood vessels, other conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic sclerosis (a rare connective tissue disease) may also cause it. […] Theres no known link between Raynauds and heart disease. However, anyone who already suffers from Raynauds and is then diagnosed with heart disease should make sure that their doctor is aware of it. While several of the medicines prescribed to heart patients can improve the symptoms of Raynauds, others may make them worse.

• #54 3 Crucial Steps For Raynaud’s Symptoms – Dr. Brian Lum

  https://www.drbrianlum.com/post/the-root-causes-of-raynaud-s

  Raynaud’s can appear seemingly without cause, in cases like this, testing often uncovers biochemical stressors like blood sugar dysregulation, autonomic dysregulation or heavy metal toxicity. […] Raynaud’s can also be a secondary reaction to another condition like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. […] Other factors can cause blood vessel spasms, things like cold weather, emotional trauma, stress, and grief. […] There are usually multiple factors that contribute to Raynaud’s. […] The relationship between blood sugar regulation and Raynaud’s is a complicated one. […] For others, a food allergen may be causing inflammation and blood sugar imbalances that may exacerbate Raynaud’s symptoms. […] Many factors can cause your nervous system to be stuck in a sympathetic state. […] This nervous system imbalance can be due to chronic stress, blood sugar issues, or be an early indicator of some autoimmunity.

• #55 Raynaud’s Phenomenon Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment | Orthopedists

  https://www.oamichigan.com/raynauds-phenomenon-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment/

  Raynauds phenomenon is a rare condition in which your body does not send enough blood to the fingers, toes and occasionally the tip of nose and ears, causing them to feel cold and numb and turn white or blue. […] Research has found substantial evidence that shows both types of Raynauds are genetic. […] Primary Raynauds does not have an underlying medical problem that could provoke vasospasm. […] Secondary Raynauds is caused by an underlying health problem. […] Causes of Secondary Raynauds include diseases and conditions that damage the arteries or nerves that control the arteries in the hands and feet; injuries to the hands and feet; or exposure to certain chemicals and medicines that narrow the arteries or affect blood pressure. […] Raynauds may be aggravated by hormones and hormone regulators, such as hormonal contraception. […] Treatments for Secondary Raynauds are available to relieve symptoms, but most important, the underlying disease or condition should be the focus of treatment.

• #56 Sensitive To The Cold? For Many, Raynaud’s Disease Is To Blame | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/blog/2022/01/raynauds-disease

  Raynauds disease happens when small arteries in the hands and feet narrow in response to cold or stress. […] While these changes are similar to symptoms of frostbite, the two conditions have different causes. Raynauds disease is caused by vascular changes. […] This rare form of the disease can cause longer vasospasm episodes year-round. It may cause more symptoms or more severe symptoms on one side of the body or one part of the extremities. People affected by this type of Raynauds have other underlying conditions, including connective tissue disorders, autoimmune disorders, hematological diseases and vascular diseases. […] People who smoke or have hypertension, diabetes or atherosclerosis are also at greater risk for secondary Raynauds disease. […] Because more women have autoimmune diseases like lupus, they are also at greater risk for developing secondary Raynauds disease.

• #57 Raynaud’s Syndrome: Overview, Causes and Treatments

  https://www.brynmawrdermatology.com/raynauds-syndrome-overview-causes-and-treatments/?srsltid=AfmBOookQja-rkRFsQvfzfIT255GhYpU-DcVDLj8rE8SCtS8Lca9RC0W

  Raynaud’s syndrome can cause fingers and toes to turn white, blue, and red, accompanied by numbness and tingling. […] Understanding which type of Raynaud’s you have is crucial for effective treatment. While primary Raynaud’s can often be managed with simple lifestyle adjustments, secondary Raynaud’s may require more comprehensive and advanced medical intervention. […] Studies show that Raynaud’s symptoms, particularly in its secondary form (phenomenon), are often a manifestation of underlying health issues, many involving the immune or circulatory systems. Recognizing these causes is crucial for patients and healthcare providers to manage the condition effectively. […] Primary Raynaud’s Disease’s specific causes may be unclear, but certain factors are well-recognized as its triggers, such as: Cold and Stress: These are the most significant triggers for Raynaud’s attacks. Exposure to cold causes the small arteries in the extremities to constrict excessively, reducing blood flow. Similarly, stress and emotional upset can also induce this constriction. […] Raynaud’s Phenomenon or Secondary Raynaud’s is linked to various medical conditions, primarily affecting connective tissue or the autoimmune system. These include: Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus): An autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs and body systems.

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