Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Raynaud’s disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/raynauds-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20363571

  Raynaud’s disease causes smaller blood vessels that supply blood flow to the skin to narrow in response to cold or stress. The affected body parts, usually fingers and toes, might turn white then blue. […] Symptoms of secondary Raynaud’s usually appear around age 40. That’s later than symptoms appear for primary Raynaud’s. […] With Raynaud’s, blood vessels to the fingers and toes narrow when exposed to cold or stress. The narrowed vessels limit blood flow. Over time, these small blood vessels can thicken slightly and limit blood flow even more. […] If secondary Raynaud’s is severe, reduced blood flow to fingers or toes could cause tissue damage. But that’s rare.

• #2 Raynaud’s Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9849-raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynauds syndrome causes spasms in small blood vessels in your fingers and toes. This limits blood flow and leads to symptoms like skin color changes, cold skin and a pins and needles sensation. […] Raynauds causes you to have episodic spasms, called vasospastic attacks, in response to cold temperatures or stress. […] During a Raynauds attack, the arterioles and capillaries in your fingers and toes tighten more than they should. As a result, your skin in the affected area turns white and then blue. This color change happens because your blood lacks oxygen. Your skin may also feel cold or numb. As your blood vessels relax and open up again, your skin may look red or feel tingly. An attack usually lasts around 15 minutes. […] Symptoms of Raynauds syndrome are episodic. That means they come and go. A typical episode, or attack, lasts about 15 minutes. But attacks may be shorter or longer. Episodes are often associated with certain triggers such as cold weather. Symptoms are usually mild in people with primary Raynauds syndrome. People with secondary Raynauds syndrome may have more severe symptoms, including skin ulcers.

• #3 Raynaud’s Phenomenon or Disease Treatment & Types | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynauds phenomenon is a condition that causes the blood vessels in the extremities to narrow, restricting blood flow. The episodes or attacks usually affect the fingers and toes. In rare cases, attacks occur in other areas such as the ears, tongue, or nose. An attack usually happens from exposure to cold temperatures or emotional stress. […] In most people, lifestyle changes such as staying warm keep symptoms under control, but in severe cases, repeated attacks lead to skin sores or gangrene (death and decay of tissue). […] The secondary form tends to be more serious and to need more aggressive treatment. […] A typical attack progresses as follows: The skin of the affected part of the body turns pale or white due to lack of blood flow. The area then turns blue and feels cold and numb, as the blood that is left in the tissue loses its oxygen. Finally, as you warm up and circulation returns, the area turns red and may swell, tingle, burn, or throb.

• #4 Raynaud phenomenon: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000412.htm

  Raynaud phenomenon is a condition in which cold temperatures or strong emotions cause blood vessel spasms. This blocks blood flow to the affected regions and causes discoloration […] When Raynaud phenomenon is a primary condition, meaning it occurs by itself and not in association with other diseases, it is referred to as Raynaud disease. It most often begins in women younger than age 30. Secondary Raynaud phenomenon is when the condition is linked to other conditions and can occur at any age. […] Exposure to the cold or strong emotions bring on the changes. First, the affected areas become white, and then turn blue. Fingers are most commonly involved, but toes, ears, lips or the nose can also change color as well. When blood flow returns, the area becomes red and then later returns to normal color. The attacks may last from minutes to hours.

• #5 Raynaud’s disease: Treatment, causes, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/176713

  Raynauds disease is an issue with blood circulation that causes the fingers or toes to turn white or pale and then blue, cold, and numb. It occurs when temperatures drop and blood vessels spasm and narrow, reducing blood supply. […] Raynauds disease is a condition that causes blood vessels in the fingers or toes to spasm and temporarily narrow. This restricts blood flow and causes the fingers to turn cold and numb. […] A Raynauds episode may last from a few minutes to a few hours. […] Rarely, an extended episode of the condition lasting for days can lead to gangrene if the tissue does not receive oxygen for a lengthy period. […] Symptoms of Raynauds are mild and not life threatening for most people, especially those who have the primary form. Secondary Raynauds may cause more severe symptoms, but they are rarely life threatening.

• #6 Raynaud’s Disease & Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynaud’s disease, also called Raynaud’s syndrome or Raynaud’s phenomenon, is when blood vessels in your fingers, toes, and other extremities temporarily overreact to low temperatures or stress. For most people, it isn’t a serious health problem. But for some, the reduced blood flow can cause damage. […] During a Raynaud’s attack, your fingers, toes, or other body parts will get cold and your skin turns white and blue, varying based on your skin tone. […] The symptoms are often mild. This is the more common form of Raynaud’s. […] Secondary Raynaud’s syndrome results from another illness. It’s a condition that often attacks your body’s connective tissues, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. Secondary Raynaud’s is less common, but it’s more likely to cause serious health problems. This can include things such as skin sores and gangrene. These happen when cells and tissue in your toes and fingers die from a lack of blood.

• #7 Raynaud’s Phenomenon – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/raynauds-phenomenon-a-to-z

  In people with Raynaud’s phenomenon, that natural response to cold is exaggerated. The tiny blood vessels go into spasm, narrowing and reducing the blood flow to the affected areas. This response, called vasospasm, is seen most often in the fingers and toes. […] Each episode of vasospasm is temporary. However, Raynaud’s is considered a chronic (long-lasting) condition. […] For most people, primary Raynaud’s can be annoying and cause discomfort, but is rarely dangerous. Although it is typically a lifelong condition, it frequently does not get worse. In cases in which the vasospasm is severe, the affected areas may be prone to open sores that are slow to heal. […] Raynaud’s phenomenon, however, may be the first symptom of a rheumatic disease. So the condition should not be ignored. Patients may need to be examined, tested and monitored to diagnose an associated rheumatic disease at its earliest stage.

• #8 Raynaud’s Phenomenon or Disease Treatment & Types | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynauds phenomenon is a condition that causes the blood vessels in the extremities to narrow, restricting blood flow. The episodes or attacks usually affect the fingers and toes. In rare cases, attacks occur in other areas such as the ears, tongue, or nose. An attack usually happens from exposure to cold temperatures or emotional stress. […] In most people, lifestyle changes such as staying warm keep symptoms under control, but in severe cases, repeated attacks lead to skin sores or gangrene (death and decay of tissue). […] The secondary form tends to be more serious and to need more aggressive treatment. […] A typical attack progresses as follows: The skin of the affected part of the body turns pale or white due to lack of blood flow. The area then turns blue and feels cold and numb, as the blood that is left in the tissue loses its oxygen. Finally, as you warm up and circulation returns, the area turns red and may swell, tingle, burn, or throb.

• #9

• #10 Raynaud’s phenomenon | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynauds phenomenon is the short-term interruption of blood flow to the extremities, such as the fingers and toes. […] Raynauds phenomenon can occur on its own (primary Raynauds phenomenon), or it can be linked to another disease or condition (secondary Raynauds phenomenon). It can last from just a few minutes to many hours. […] Raynauds phenomenon doesnt usually cause permanent damage. However, it can be a symptom of a more serious underlying illness, so its important to see your doctor if you experience it. […] Secondary Raynauds phenomenon is generally more complex and serious than primary Raynauds. The most common causes of secondary Raynauds are underlying autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus). […] The general response to secondary Raynauds phenomenon is to treat the underlying illness (such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis). In severe cases, to prevent tissue damage you may be prescribed medication that dilates your blood vessels. Surgery may be needed if you develop skin ulcers or serious tissue damage.

• #11 Raynaud’s disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/raynauds-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20363571

  Raynaud’s disease causes smaller blood vessels that supply blood flow to the skin to narrow in response to cold or stress. The affected body parts, usually fingers and toes, might turn white then blue. […] Symptoms of secondary Raynaud’s usually appear around age 40. That’s later than symptoms appear for primary Raynaud’s. […] With Raynaud’s, blood vessels to the fingers and toes narrow when exposed to cold or stress. The narrowed vessels limit blood flow. Over time, these small blood vessels can thicken slightly and limit blood flow even more. […] If secondary Raynaud’s is severe, reduced blood flow to fingers or toes could cause tissue damage. But that’s rare.

• #12 Raynaud Phenomenon | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/raynaud-phenomenon

  Named for the French medical student who first described it in 1862, Raynauds (pronounced ray-nodes) phenomenon is a rare condition in which blood vessels react in an exaggerated way (called a vasospasm) to cold or emotional stress. […] In Raynauds, blood vessels going to certain parts of the body often the fingers overreact to cold or even a brief drop in temperature, like walking into an air-conditioned room. The vessels clamp down in whats called a vasospastic attack, blocking the blood flow and causing the skin in the affected area to: […] Not everyone with Raynauds has all three color changes, or in the same order. Which body parts are affected and how long the attacks last also varies from person to person. […] In secondary Raynauds, the attacks can last longer and may have more severe symptoms, such as pain in the affected area, lingering weakness or numbness, and skin ulcers or dead tissue (gangrene). […] For the rare few with secondary Raynauds, there is a risk of tissue damage if their condition is severe and their attacks tend to last a long time. Blood flow to the affected area may become permanently diminished, causing ulcers or gangrene ailments that can be very difficult to treat.

• #13 Raynaud’s Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9849-raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynauds syndrome causes spasms in small blood vessels in your fingers and toes. This limits blood flow and leads to symptoms like skin color changes, cold skin and a pins and needles sensation. […] Raynauds causes you to have episodic spasms, called vasospastic attacks, in response to cold temperatures or stress. […] During a Raynauds attack, the arterioles and capillaries in your fingers and toes tighten more than they should. As a result, your skin in the affected area turns white and then blue. This color change happens because your blood lacks oxygen. Your skin may also feel cold or numb. As your blood vessels relax and open up again, your skin may look red or feel tingly. An attack usually lasts around 15 minutes. […] Symptoms of Raynauds syndrome are episodic. That means they come and go. A typical episode, or attack, lasts about 15 minutes. But attacks may be shorter or longer. Episodes are often associated with certain triggers such as cold weather. Symptoms are usually mild in people with primary Raynauds syndrome. People with secondary Raynauds syndrome may have more severe symptoms, including skin ulcers.

• #14 Raynaud’s

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/raynauds/

  Raynaud’s phenomenon is where your blood stops flowing properly to your fingers and toes. It’s common and does not usually cause severe problems. You can often treat the symptoms yourself by keeping warm. Sometimes it can be a sign of a more serious condition. […] The symptoms of Raynaud’s may last from a few minutes to a few hours. […] If you have Raynaud’s and your symptoms are very bad or getting worse, a GP may prescribe a medicine to help improve your circulation. For example, you may be offered nifedipine, which is used to treat high blood pressure. Some people need to take this medicine every day. Others only use it to prevent Raynaud’s, for example, during cold weather. […] A GP may arrange tests if they think Raynaud’s could be a sign of a more serious condition, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.

• #15 Raynaud’s phenomenon | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/a-to-z/raynauds-phenomenon/

  Raynauds phenomenon is a common condition that affects the blood supply to certain parts of the body usually the fingers and toes. […] Symptoms of Raynauds can last from a few minutes to several hours. […] If can affect your ability to move your fingers and hands. People with Raynauds often go for long periods without any symptoms, and sometimes the condition goes away altogether. […] Secondary Raynauds can severely restrict the blood supply, so it carries a higher risk of complications, such as ulcers, scarring and even tissue death (gangrene) in the most serious cases. However, severe complications are rare. […] Around 1 in 10 people with primary Raynauds go on to develop an autoimmune condition. […] In severe cases of Raynauds, the blood supply to an affected body part can become severely diminished. Without a constant supply of blood, the tissue in the body part will begin to die. This problem is rare and normally only occurs in secondary Raynauds. […] Left untreated, the tissue can die, which is known as gangrene (specifically, dry gangrene).

• #16 Raynaud’s Disease & Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynaud’s syndrome symptoms include: Cold fingers and toes. You may experience Raynaud’s on other body parts including your ears, nose, nipples, or lips. Your skin might turn white or blue when it’s cold or when you’re stressed. As you warm up, it could turn red. The affected areas feel tingly, prickly, or painful when they start to warm up. You may see sores or gangrene on your fingers with secondary Raynaud’s. […] If you have Raynaud’s, your response is off. Those arteries shrink more than normal, and faster than normal. That can make your fingers and toes feel numb and change color to white or blue. This usually lasts about 15 minutes. When the arteries relax and your body warms back up, your fingers feel tingly and turn red before returning to normal. […] Serious cases of secondary Raynaud’s syndrome can cut off the blood flow to your skin and lead to tissue damage. A completely blocked artery can lead to skin sores (ulcers) or dead tissue (gangrene). It’s rare, but if this happens, your doctor might have to remove a finger or toe. […] While there’s no cure for Raynaud’s, it can be treated with a combination of medication, home remedies, and lifestyle changes.

• #17 Raynaud’s Phenomenon

  https://rheumatology.org/patients/raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynauds Phenomenon (RP) results when there is a decrease in blood flow to the fingers and toes when someone is exposed to cold weather or stress, due to an exaggerated constriction in blood vessels. […] The fingers or toes typically change color, and this can cause numbness, tingling, and pain. These symptoms occur intermittently and tend to resolve spontaneously on rewarming. […] If symptoms last for hours or are persistent despite attempts at rewarming, this can suggest more serious disease. Patients with severe Raynauds can develop ulcerations on their fingertips or toes due to tissue death resulting from lack of blood flow.

• #18 Raynaud’s Disease | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/raynaud-s-disease

  Fingers and toes that are always cold could be a sign of Raynaud’s. Raynauds disease is an abnormal sensitivity to cold that causes tingling, discomfort, numbness and color changes in the fingers and/or toes. The blood vessels (arteries) that feed the fingers and toes are very small. If you have Raynauds disease, those blood vessels shrink down more and faster than normal. That makes your fingers and toes feel numb and change color to white or blue. Even relatively minor exposure to the cold, such as holding a glass of ice water or being in air conditioning, can cause the change. It can also occur due to stress. […] The symptoms of Raynauds disease can include: […] Coldness, pain and numbness. These are triggered by a lack of oxygenated blood in the fingers. The numbness is the same as when your hand or fingers have „fallen asleep”.

• #19 Raynaud’s disease | SRUK

  https://www.sruk.co.uk/raynauds/what-raynauds/

  Raynaud’s symptoms generally affect the fingers and toes, but all extremities can be involved, including the hands, feet, ears, nose, lips, tongue and nipples. […] People living with secondary Raynaud’s will often experience more severe symptoms. […] Secondary Raynaud’s needs more investigation and more careful monitoring for complications like ulceration or sores. […] If you notice a change in your symptoms or you have any other health concerns, it is important to tell your doctor, who may carry out some tests to rule out other conditions.

• #20 How To Spot the Signs of Raynaud’s | SRUK

  https://www.sruk.co.uk/raynauds/spot-signs/

  Raynaud’s symptoms generally affect the fingers and toes, but all extremities can be involved, including the ears, nose and nipples. […] A Raynaud’s attack can be a very uncomfortable, possibly painful, process. It can also make everyday tasks, like buttoning a jacket or unzipping a purse, very difficult.

• #21 Raynaud’s Syndrome (Phenomenon): Symptoms and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynauds phenomenon can occur with episodes where blood vessels constrict and reduce blood flow to your extremities. […] Raynauds syndrome occurs in episodes or attacks from the disease. Certain body areas can become affected, but the fingers and toes are common. […] When it takes hold, you may find the following progression of symptoms: Affected area turns pale or white due to lack of blood flow. The affected area turns blue while feeling cold and numb since the tissue has lost oxygen. When you warm up, and circulation restores, you can experience redness, swelling, and discomfort. You can develop skin ulcers and gangrene in severe cases. […] At first, you may only experience symptoms in one finger or toe. Then, however, it can move to your other digits, and each attack can last anywhere from a few minutes to hours.

• #22 Podiatry: Raynaud’s phenomenon – Leaflet library

  https://www.oxfordhealth.nhs.uk/leaflets/title/raynauds-phenomenon/

  Raynauds phenomenon is an exaggerated narrowing reaction of the arteries supplying the fingers, toes, ears or nose which causes pain and bluish-white, cold skin in the affected body part. […] The most common form with no identified cause. We dont fully understand what causes it, although scientists are working to find out. Around 1 in 10 people with primary Raynauds have or go on to develop an autoimmune condition. So, if your symptoms get worse or you develop new ones, its important to see your GP and get it checked out. […] It happens because of an underlying autoimmune condition such as scleroderma, lupus, Sjogrens syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis. It can also be caused by certain infections, tumours or certain medications. […] The trigger of an episode is usually either exposure to cold or sudden temperature changes. Sometimes stress can also trigger it. This causes the arteries to narrow, which cuts off blood supply to the skin and trigger the symptoms. […] These symptoms are usually completely reversible but in severe cases there can be lasting damage and skin ulcers. […] If symptoms dont reverse and the extremity becomes ulcerated or deteriorates, urgent review and treatment from your GP or podiatrist (in the case of feet) is advised.

• #23 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Symptoms, causes, treatments, and your questions answered.

  https://examine.com/conditions/raynauds-phenomenon/?srsltid=AfmBOoot4sZyHCMIjppVIzsoP62_8M1fipXET46Y-vaL9CzfdSNyP0Df

  Raynauds phenomenon is a disorder associated with vasoconstriction (blood vessel narrowing) in response to cold exposure or emotional stress. […] People with Raynauds phenomenon (also called Raynauds syndrome) experience this restriction of blood flow more readily because of an enhanced sensitivity to cold. […] The restriction of blood flow in people with Raynauds is also commonly triggered by emotional stress. […] Raynauds phenomenon occurs when flares or attacks trigger blood vessels in certain parts of the body to constrict, reducing blood flow and causing pain, numbness, and tingling. […] During a Raynauds attack, loss of blood flow to the affected area causes the tissue to turn a pale white color. […] When circulation is restored, the affected areas turn red and become swollen.

• #24 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Steps to Take

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/raynauds-phenomenon/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take

  There is no single test to diagnose Raynauds phenomenon. Doctors usually diagnose it based on symptoms, in particular, on a description of a typical attack upon exposure to cold. […] The goals of treatment for Raynauds phenomenon are to: Reduce how many attacks you have. Make attacks less severe. Prevent tissue damage. […] Secondary Raynauds phenomenon is more likely to be serious and to need more aggressive therapy, such as prescription medications. […] In serious cases, repeated attacks can lead to skin sores or gangrene (death and decay of tissue). If this happens, the person may need to be admitted to the hospital for a few days for imaging studies and intravenous medications to rapidly improve blood flow and to treat infection. […] Some medications can bring on attacks, so talk to your doctor about those you take and before starting any new ones. Medications that can bring on attacks include: Decongestants that contain phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine. Appetite suppressants (diet pills) that contain pseudoephedrine. Beta blockers for high blood pressure. Migraine medications that contain ergotamine. Certain stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate, for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

• #25 Raynaud’s Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9849-raynauds-phenomenon

  Primary Raynauds syndrome isnt serious and doesnt damage your blood vessels. It may disrupt some of your daily activities, but its not dangerous. […] Secondary Raynauds syndrome can be more serious. It may lead to skin ulcers and, rarely, tissue death (gangrene). It may also impact your quality of life. The underlying disease causing it may be severe in and of itself. […] For most people with primary Raynauds syndrome, the outlook is positive. Symptoms may bother you off and on, but the condition isnt serious or life-threatening. Over time, youll learn more self-care tips for preventing attacks or helping them go away. […] If you have secondary Raynauds syndrome, your outlook depends on your underlying disease. Talk with your provider about what you can expect and how to manage your condition.

• #26 Raynaud’s Disease – Symptoms, Causes and Management | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/raynauds-disease-symptoms-and-causes

  Raynaud’s Syndrome, also known as Raynaud’s phenomenon or Raynaud’s disease, is a condition that affects blood flow to certain parts of the body, usually the fingers and toes. When exposed to cold temperatures or stress, the small arteries that supply blood to the skin constrict excessively, leading to limited blood supply, resulting in a distinctive sequence of colour changes in the affected areas, along with other possible symptoms. […] Symptoms of Raynauds Syndrome typically occur in response to cold temperatures or stress and include: […] These symptoms can vary in severity and frequency. If you suspect you have Raynauds Syndrome, it is important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and management. […] Primary Raynaud’s, also known as Raynaud’s disease, occurs independently without any underlying medical condition. It typically presents with milder symptoms and primarily affects the fingers and toes. This type is more common in women and in individuals under the age of 30 and rarely leads to severe complications.

• #27 Raynaud’s phenomenon | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynauds phenomenon is the short-term interruption of blood flow to the extremities, such as the fingers and toes. […] Raynauds phenomenon can occur on its own (primary Raynauds phenomenon), or it can be linked to another disease or condition (secondary Raynauds phenomenon). It can last from just a few minutes to many hours. […] Raynauds phenomenon doesnt usually cause permanent damage. However, it can be a symptom of a more serious underlying illness, so its important to see your doctor if you experience it. […] Secondary Raynauds phenomenon is generally more complex and serious than primary Raynauds. The most common causes of secondary Raynauds are underlying autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus). […] The general response to secondary Raynauds phenomenon is to treat the underlying illness (such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis). In severe cases, to prevent tissue damage you may be prescribed medication that dilates your blood vessels. Surgery may be needed if you develop skin ulcers or serious tissue damage.

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• #29

  https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2011/august/raynauds.aspx

  It is important to distinguish between primary and secondary Raynauds so that a potentially serious, underlying condition, is not overlooked. […] Secondary Raynauds can occur due to a number of connective tissue diseases such as systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, but can also occur with a range of other conditions, including carpal tunnel syndrome and hypothyroidism. […] Patients with secondary Raynauds may have skin changes such as ulcerated or necrotic patches around the affected area. […] The presence of any of the following factors suggest a diagnosis of secondary Raynauds: Age of onset 30 years, intense, painful, asymmetric attacks or attacks associated with ischaemic skin lesions, symptoms suggestive of an underlying disorder, especially a connective tissue disease such as systemic sclerosis, where in up to 90% of cases Raynauds is one of the presenting symptoms.

• #30

  https://www.painscale.com/article/progression-and-potential-complications-of-raynaud-s-phenomenon

  Raynauds phenomenon is a condition in which blood flow to the small blood vessels in the fingers or toes is reduced in response to cold or stress. […] The progression of Raynauds phenomenon varies and is dependent on which type of Raynauds is present. […] Individuals with primary Raynauds phenomenon typically experience intermittent flares throughout their adult lives. However, symptoms typically become easier to manage with time. […] The progression of secondary Raynauds is highly individualized and dependent on the underlying condition causing it. Treatment of the underlying health condition may help reduce symptoms of Raynauds and help prevent any complications.

• #31 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Causes, Signs, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/raynauds-phenomenon-8643512

  The long-term outlook and prognosis for people with Raynauds depends on the severity and the type. […] Primary Raynauds is a benign condition. People with primary Raynauds typically have no lasting effects of the condition. […] However, some people living with primary Raynauds long-term will go on to show signs of an underlying condition that was yet to be diagnosed. In those cases, the diagnosis becomes secondary Raynauds. […] The outlook can be more complicated for people with secondary Raynauds. In these instances, there is a higher likelihood of developing scarring or pitting of the fingers due to long-lasting and frequent attacks.

• #32 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/heart-health/raynauds-phenomenon-leaflet

  Raynaud’s phenomenon occurs when the extremities of the body, usually the fingers and toes, change colour and may become painful. It is due to a narrowing (constriction) of the small blood vessels on exposure to the cold, or to a change in temperature, or to emotional stress. In most cases, the cause is not known. In some cases, it is a symptom of an underlying condition such as scleroderma, lupus, or rheumatoid arthritis. […] Raynaud’s is usually mild, with infrequent, brief bouts of symptoms that last just a few minutes. Sometimes it is moderate with more frequent bouts of symptoms that last longer. Rarely, it is severe with repeated frequent bouts, with each bout lasting longer periods of time. […] The outlook for people with primary Raynaud’s is usually good. Most people have mild symptoms that do not interfere much with daily life. People with more severe symptoms often respond well to treatment with nifedipine. In some cases the condition goes away (remits) in time. In one study that followed up people with primary Raynaud’s over seven years, the condition had gone away in nearly two in three cases at some point over the study period. […] In general, symptoms are often more severe than with primary Raynaud’s, and tend to respond less well to treatment. In some situations, treating an underlying condition will ease the symptoms of Raynaud’s.

• #33 Raynaud’s disease: Treatment, causes, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/176713

  If oxygen is completely cut off from the area, skin ulcers and gangrenous tissue can develop. These are hard to treat and may require amputation. […] The life expectancy of a person with primary Raynauds is the same as someone without it. […] However, those with secondary Raynauds do not experience a spontaneous resolution of the disease, as their symptoms occur due to another condition. […] The outlook for Raynauds is generally positive, and people with primary Raynauds may even experience a remission in symptoms.

• #34 Raynaud’s phenomenon | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/a-to-z/raynauds-phenomenon/

  Raynauds phenomenon is a common condition that affects the blood supply to certain parts of the body usually the fingers and toes. […] Symptoms of Raynauds can last from a few minutes to several hours. […] If can affect your ability to move your fingers and hands. People with Raynauds often go for long periods without any symptoms, and sometimes the condition goes away altogether. […] Secondary Raynauds can severely restrict the blood supply, so it carries a higher risk of complications, such as ulcers, scarring and even tissue death (gangrene) in the most serious cases. However, severe complications are rare. […] Around 1 in 10 people with primary Raynauds go on to develop an autoimmune condition. […] In severe cases of Raynauds, the blood supply to an affected body part can become severely diminished. Without a constant supply of blood, the tissue in the body part will begin to die. This problem is rare and normally only occurs in secondary Raynauds. […] Left untreated, the tissue can die, which is known as gangrene (specifically, dry gangrene).

• #35 Raynaud’s Disease (Causes, Symptoms and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/raynauds-phenomenon-pro

  Primary Raynaud’s is typically benign and does not progress or lead to tissue damage. […] An underlying disorder develops in 13% of cases of the primary form. Primary Raynaud’s disease may go into remission. Most patients have a stable course and over half improve over time. […] Secondary cases are more prone to be problematic – ulceration, scarring, or gangrene occur in 17% of people with Raynaud’s disease secondary to systemic sclerosis.

• #36 Raynaud’s disease: Treatment, causes, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/176713

  If oxygen is completely cut off from the area, skin ulcers and gangrenous tissue can develop. These are hard to treat and may require amputation. […] The life expectancy of a person with primary Raynauds is the same as someone without it. […] However, those with secondary Raynauds do not experience a spontaneous resolution of the disease, as their symptoms occur due to another condition. […] The outlook for Raynauds is generally positive, and people with primary Raynauds may even experience a remission in symptoms.

• #37 Patient education: Raynaud phenomenon (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/raynaud-phenomenon-beyond-the-basics/print

  The Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is a condition in which some of the body’s blood vessels (most commonly those in the fingers and toes) constrict in an exaggerated way in response to cold or emotional stress. […] In people with RP, the mechanisms that control vasoconstriction are thought to be altered or defective. The vessels constrict in an exaggerated way in response to cold and emotional or physical stress, causing what is called “Raynaud’s phenomenon” or a Raynaud’s attack. […] Primary RP often improves with time, and people learn to avoid or prepare for cold and emotional triggers. […] Secondary RP can be more difficult to manage than primary RP because it is linked to an underlying condition that can physically damage the blood vessel. […] People with secondary RP can sometimes experience a serious decrease in blood flow that does not resolve even after the provoking factor or cold is removed. This is due to underlying damage to the blood vessels or irreversible structural changes such as a blockage in the vessel that obstructs blood flow.

• #38 Raynaud Phenomenon: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/331197-overview

  The prognosis for patients with primary Raynaud phenomenon is usually very good, with no mortality and little morbidity. A study from northern Sweden reported annual remission rates of 4.4% in women and 5.5% in men. In very rare cases, ischemia of the affected body part can result in necrosis. In addition, a study in 830 participants of the Charleston Heart Study cohort identified a potentially significant relationship between Raynaud phenomenon and all-cause mortality, especially in elderly subjects. Furthermore, in whites the presence of Raynaud phenomenon (when broadly defined as including both blanching and cyanotic color changes) was associated with a 1.6-fold higher risk of death related to cardiovascular disease. […] The prognosis for patients with secondary Raynaud phenomenon is related to the underlying disease. The prognosis for the involved digit or digits in these patients is related to the severity of the ischemia and the effectiveness of maneuvers to restore blood flow.

• #39

  https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/raynaud.html

  Raynaud’s phenomenon has many different causes, including workplace exposures. […] If not detected in the early stages, the disorder can permanently impair blood circulation in the fingers or toes. […] Occupationally induced Raynaud’s phenomenon gradually gets worse if workers remain exposed to the condition that causes the problem. […] As the disorder gets worse, the attacks become stronger and more frequent. […] The latent period for vibration exposure can be as short as one year. […] If the latent period for a group of workers is short, the disorder tends to appear more frequently. […] Also, in individuals with a short latent period, Raynaud’s phenomenon tends to progress to advanced stages faster. […] For severe cases, prescribed drugs may reduce the attacks. […] If detected in the early stages, vibration-induced Raynaud’s phenomenon will not worsen as long as there is no further exposure to vibration. […] Early cases may improve, but advanced cases seldom do.

• #40 Raynaud’s Phenomenon and Raynaud’s Disease in Pictures

  https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/ss/slideshow-guide-raynauds-phenomenon

  This condition causes attacks that limit blood supply to fingers and toes, which may get pale, cold and numb. […] Symptoms may be so mild that you dont feel the need to seek treatment. Sometimes, they get better on their own. […] This form of Raynauds tends to show up later, around age 40. It can cause more serious symptoms than the primary kind. […] Serious cases of secondary Raynauds can cause sores. Rarely, they can even kill living tissue (gangrene). […] If your symptoms interfere with daily life even after you make changes to your routine, clothing, and other habits, your doctor may be able to help with medication such as: Calcium channel blockers, Alpha blockers, Prescription skin creams, ACE inhibitors. […] In rare cases, you may need shots or surgery to help improve blood flow and prevent tissue damage.

• #41 Scleroderma Symptoms – Scleroderma Education Project

  https://sclerodermainfo.org/faq/symptoms-and-prognosis/

  Scleroderma often begins with Raynauds phenomenon the fingers and sometimes the toes lose circulation and turn white upon exposure to cold. […] Raynauds phenomenon usually (but not always) precedes skin changes by several months with diffuse scleroderma and often precedes skin changes by several years with limited scleroderma. […] However, in a small percentage of this population, the early appearance of Raynauds symptoms will be followed years later by ANA becoming positive and additional scleroderma symptoms developing over time. […] People with limited scleroderma usually have Raynauds symptoms for years (often 5 to 10 years) before other signs of scleroderma are noted. […] With diffuse scleroderma, there is usually a short interval (weeks or months) between the development of Raynauds and significant additional symptoms, and, in some cases, Raynauds will not be the first symptom. […] Relatively rapid skin changes often occur in the first few months of the disease and continue to progress over the next 2 to 3 years. […] Internal organ involvement often occurs early in diffuse scleroderma and can be the initial presenting symptom.

• #42

  https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/raynaud.html

  Raynaud’s phenomenon has many different causes, including workplace exposures. […] If not detected in the early stages, the disorder can permanently impair blood circulation in the fingers or toes. […] Occupationally induced Raynaud’s phenomenon gradually gets worse if workers remain exposed to the condition that causes the problem. […] As the disorder gets worse, the attacks become stronger and more frequent. […] The latent period for vibration exposure can be as short as one year. […] If the latent period for a group of workers is short, the disorder tends to appear more frequently. […] Also, in individuals with a short latent period, Raynaud’s phenomenon tends to progress to advanced stages faster. […] For severe cases, prescribed drugs may reduce the attacks. […] If detected in the early stages, vibration-induced Raynaud’s phenomenon will not worsen as long as there is no further exposure to vibration. […] Early cases may improve, but advanced cases seldom do.

• #43 Raynaud’s phenomenon | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/raynauds-phenomenon

  In most cases, Raynauds phenomenon is harmless and has no lasting effects. However, in severe cases loss of blood flow can permanently damage the tissue. Complications of severe Raynauds phenomenon include: impaired healing of cuts and abrasions, increased susceptibility to infection, ulceration, tissue loss, scarring, gangrene.

• #44 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Symptoms, causes, treatments, and your questions answered.

  https://examine.com/conditions/raynauds-phenomenon/?srsltid=AfmBOoot4sZyHCMIjppVIzsoP62_8M1fipXET46Y-vaL9CzfdSNyP0Df

  Attacks can last from minutes to hours, but in rare cases Raynauds attacks can last for days, causing permanent damage to the affected areas. […] Severe attacks, which are more common with secondary Raynauds phenomenon, can cause ulcers or sores to form on the end of the affected fingers or toes. […] Because of prolonged blood vessel constriction and reduced blood flow, ulcers can form on the tips of fingers or toes from the tissue damage. […] If left untreated, this can potentially lead to necrosis (a form of tissue death) and gangrene, potentially requiring amputation of the affected area. […] Secondary Raynauds attacks can be more severe than primary Raynauds, increasing the likelihood of permanent tissue damage and scarring. […] In extreme cases, the latter phase of Raynauds attacks can lead to the formation of blood clots, ulcers, or sores in the affected areas.

• #45 Raynaud’s Phenomenon or Disease Treatment & Types | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/raynauds-phenomenon

  People with severe Raynauds phenomenon can develop small, painful sores, especially at the tips of the fingers or toes. In rare cases, an extended episode (lasting days) of a lack of oxygen to tissues can lead to gangrene (cellular death and decay of body tissues). […] For many people, especially those with the primary form of Raynauds phenomenon, the symptoms are mild and not highly troublesome. People with the secondary form tend to have more severe symptoms.

• #46 Frequently Asked Questions – Raynaud’s Association

  https://www.raynauds.org/frequently-asked-questions/

  Raynauds (ray-NODES) is a disorder of the small blood vessels of the extremities, reducing blood flow. When exposed to cold, the blood vessels go into spasms, which may cause pain, numbness, throbbing and tingling. […] In a typical case, fingers turn from white or blue (or both) within minutes of cold exposure then become red when they warm up. […] Primary Raynauds is not usually disabling in the typical sense, but sufferers can experience great discomfort and pain requiring lifestyle adjustments to minimize exposure to cold and stress. […] Patients with the secondary form are more likely to suffer more serious problems from Raynauds, such as skin ulcers (which can cause serious long-term damage to the blood vessels) or even gangrene. […] Sometimes the onset of Raynauds occurs months or years before a secondary, connective tissue disease presents itself.

• #47 Raynaud’s Phenomenon | Comprehensive Rheumatology

  https://comprehensiverheumatology.com/index.html@p=295.html

  Raynauds phenomenon is a condition where the blood vessels in fingers and toes (and occasionally other areas) constrict upon exposure to cold, causing discoloration of the digits. […] In people with Raynauds phenomenon, the vessels have an abnormally exaggerated response to the sympathetic nervous systems signals from cold weather. […] The classic Raynauds phenomenon attack resembles the colors of the United States flag: white, red, and blue. Initially, when the blood vessels constrict, the fingers may turn white from the lack of blood flow. […] If the constriction is severe or prolonged and the oxygen supply in the blood is running low, the digit may turn blue/purple. […] During an attack of Raynauds phenomenon, the fingers or toes usually feel cold and they may be painful or numb. If the attacks are severe and prolonged, lack of blood supply to the area can eventually lead to death of the tissue (ulcers, necrosis, and gangrene). In severe cases, usually in people with Raynauds syndrome, tissue injury may be irreversible leading to loss of the finger or toe. […] Primary Raynauds tends to be milder and responds better to conservative treatments. Secondary Raynauds (or Raynauds syndrome) can be more severe and more difficult to control. […] In severe cases that are refractory to medications, surgical procedures are used to minimize injury.

• #48 Raynaud’s phenomenon | Causes, symptoms, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/raynauds-phenomenon/

  With primary Raynauds phenomenon your fingers usually go back to normal after each attack. Attacks of primary Raynauds phenomenon can be unpleasant and a nuisance, but they dont usually damage your fingers. […] Most people with Raynauds phenomenon will always have the condition, although it can improve with time. […] If theres an underlying cause of the condition, then its sometimes possible to remove or treat this. […] In severe cases almost always in cases of secondary Raynauds some treatments may be given as a drip directly into a vein, otherwise known as an intravenous injection. […] Its important to keep your core temperature warm, as well as your hands and feet in particular. […] If you do get cold, you should get out of the cold environment as soon as possible. However, you should avoid warming back up too quickly, especially if your fingers or toes have changed colour and are painful. […] If you develop one of these symptoms, see your doctor or contact your nurse specialist, if you have one, as soon as possible. […] In some rare cases, your Raynauds may suddenly become more severe. This may need urgent attention.

• #49 Raynaud’s phenomenon | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/a-to-z/raynauds-phenomenon/

  Raynauds phenomenon is a common condition that affects the blood supply to certain parts of the body usually the fingers and toes. […] Symptoms of Raynauds can last from a few minutes to several hours. […] If can affect your ability to move your fingers and hands. People with Raynauds often go for long periods without any symptoms, and sometimes the condition goes away altogether. […] Secondary Raynauds can severely restrict the blood supply, so it carries a higher risk of complications, such as ulcers, scarring and even tissue death (gangrene) in the most serious cases. However, severe complications are rare. […] Around 1 in 10 people with primary Raynauds go on to develop an autoimmune condition. […] In severe cases of Raynauds, the blood supply to an affected body part can become severely diminished. Without a constant supply of blood, the tissue in the body part will begin to die. This problem is rare and normally only occurs in secondary Raynauds. […] Left untreated, the tissue can die, which is known as gangrene (specifically, dry gangrene).

• #50 Patient education: Raynaud phenomenon (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/raynaud-phenomenon-beyond-the-basics/print

  In rare instances of secondary RP, treatment may be ineffective in reversing the vasoconstriction. This can lead to ulceration (breaking down) of the skin. If all other treatments have failed and if deep tissue injury has occurred due to lack of blood flow, death of the finger tissue may occur and surgical amputation of the affected finger or toe may be necessary.

• #51 Raynaud’s disease – myDr.com.au

  https://mydr.com.au/symptoms/raynauds-disease/

  Raynauds disease is a common condition which causes a temporary spasm (narrowing) of the arteries leading to their fingers and toes, which means the tissues in these areas temporarily do not get enough blood and hence enough oxygen. […] Initially the affected fingers or toes appear white and may feel numb or cold, then turn blue. The colour can have a patchy appearance. As the blood returns they turn red and may feel painful with tingling, a feeling of pins and needles or burning. The colour sequence is not the same for everyone with Raynauds disease. […] These symptoms may last from a few minutes to a couple of hours. […] There is no simple treatment for Raynauds disease. The key to treating Raynauds is to try and avoid attacks. […] It is important to remember that most people with Raynauds phenomenon will respond to the treatments available such that Raynauds should not interfere with their life too much. […] In severe cases, tissue damage leads to gangrene and the ends of the affected digits die and become black, requiring amputation. Fortunately this is a very rare complication and only occurs if there is an underlying connective tissue disorder.

• #52 Raynaud’s phenomenon | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/a-to-z/raynauds-phenomenon/

  Raynauds phenomenon is a common condition that affects the blood supply to certain parts of the body usually the fingers and toes. […] Symptoms of Raynauds can last from a few minutes to several hours. […] If can affect your ability to move your fingers and hands. People with Raynauds often go for long periods without any symptoms, and sometimes the condition goes away altogether. […] Secondary Raynauds can severely restrict the blood supply, so it carries a higher risk of complications, such as ulcers, scarring and even tissue death (gangrene) in the most serious cases. However, severe complications are rare. […] Around 1 in 10 people with primary Raynauds go on to develop an autoimmune condition. […] In severe cases of Raynauds, the blood supply to an affected body part can become severely diminished. Without a constant supply of blood, the tissue in the body part will begin to die. This problem is rare and normally only occurs in secondary Raynauds. […] Left untreated, the tissue can die, which is known as gangrene (specifically, dry gangrene).

• #53 How To Spot the Signs of Raynaud’s | SRUK

  https://www.sruk.co.uk/raynauds/spot-signs/

  Raynaud’s symptoms generally affect the fingers and toes, but all extremities can be involved, including the ears, nose and nipples. […] A Raynaud’s attack can be a very uncomfortable, possibly painful, process. It can also make everyday tasks, like buttoning a jacket or unzipping a purse, very difficult.

• #54 Raynaud’s disease – Symptoms and causes – Hand and Wrist Institute

  https://handandwristinstitute.com/raynauds-disease-symptoms-and-causes/

  Raynaud’s syndrome is a circulatory disorder that leads to periodic episodes of discoloration, pain, and numbness in body peripheries, such as the hands and fingers. […] The symptoms of Raynaud’s disease are caused by overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to blood vessel constriction and reduced blood flow in the fingers. As these extremities are deprived of oxygen, the main symptoms occur. They include: […] The spontaneous deep and sustained constriction of blood vessels in the fingers causes the pain associated with Raynaud’s phenomenon. Body tissues beyond this point are deprived of oxygen, becoming painful and ulcerated. As the constricted blood vessels relax and blood flow returns, patients also experience intense, throbbing pain. […] Raynaud’s disease has a distinctive pattern of skin changes that can help diagnose the condition. As the blood supply reduces, the fingers turn pale or white. In people with darker skin tones, the skin may show a bluish tone. As the blood flow returns, the affected hand flushes a deep red, often accompanied by swelling, before gradually returning to normal.

• #55 Raynaud phenomenon: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000412.htm

  People with secondary Raynaud phenomenon are more likely to have pain or tingling in the fingers. Painful ulcers may form on the affected fingers if the attacks are severe. […] The outcome varies. It depends on the cause of the problem and how bad it is. […] Complications may include: Gangrene or skin ulcers may occur if an artery becomes completely blocked. This problem is more likely in people who also have arthritis or autoimmune conditions. Fingers may become thin and tapered with smooth shiny skin and nails that grow slowly. This is due to the poor blood flow to the areas.

• #56 Raynaud’s disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/raynauds-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363572

  Dressing for the cold in layers and wearing gloves or heavy socks usually can help mild symptoms of Raynaud’s. […] The goals of Raynaud’s treatment are to: Reduce the number of attacks and how bad they are. […] Surgery or shots might be needed to treat serious Raynaud’s. […] This surgery, if successful, might lead to fewer and shorter attacks. […] If stress triggers an attack, get away from the stress and relax. […] Exercise increases blood flow. […] Certain practices and supplements that help blood flow better might help manage Raynaud’s. […] If you’re interested, talk to your healthcare professional about: Taking fish oil supplements could increase blood flow. […] Ginkgo supplements could help lessen the number of Raynaud’s attacks. […] Your primary health care provider will likely be able to diagnose Raynaud’s based on your symptoms. […] If I have Raynaud’s, is it primary or secondary? […] During a Raynaud’s attack, do your fingers or toes change color or feel numb or painful?

• #57 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Steps to Take

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/raynauds-phenomenon/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take

  There is no single test to diagnose Raynauds phenomenon. Doctors usually diagnose it based on symptoms, in particular, on a description of a typical attack upon exposure to cold. […] The goals of treatment for Raynauds phenomenon are to: Reduce how many attacks you have. Make attacks less severe. Prevent tissue damage. […] Secondary Raynauds phenomenon is more likely to be serious and to need more aggressive therapy, such as prescription medications. […] In serious cases, repeated attacks can lead to skin sores or gangrene (death and decay of tissue). If this happens, the person may need to be admitted to the hospital for a few days for imaging studies and intravenous medications to rapidly improve blood flow and to treat infection. […] Some medications can bring on attacks, so talk to your doctor about those you take and before starting any new ones. Medications that can bring on attacks include: Decongestants that contain phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine. Appetite suppressants (diet pills) that contain pseudoephedrine. Beta blockers for high blood pressure. Migraine medications that contain ergotamine. Certain stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate, for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

• #58 Raynaud’s disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/raynauds-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363572

  Dressing for the cold in layers and wearing gloves or heavy socks usually can help mild symptoms of Raynaud’s. […] The goals of Raynaud’s treatment are to: Reduce the number of attacks and how bad they are. […] Surgery or shots might be needed to treat serious Raynaud’s. […] This surgery, if successful, might lead to fewer and shorter attacks. […] If stress triggers an attack, get away from the stress and relax. […] Exercise increases blood flow. […] Certain practices and supplements that help blood flow better might help manage Raynaud’s. […] If you’re interested, talk to your healthcare professional about: Taking fish oil supplements could increase blood flow. […] Ginkgo supplements could help lessen the number of Raynaud’s attacks. […] Your primary health care provider will likely be able to diagnose Raynaud’s based on your symptoms. […] If I have Raynaud’s, is it primary or secondary? […] During a Raynaud’s attack, do your fingers or toes change color or feel numb or painful?

• #59 Raynaud’s phenomenon | Causes, symptoms, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/raynauds-phenomenon/

  With primary Raynauds phenomenon your fingers usually go back to normal after each attack. Attacks of primary Raynauds phenomenon can be unpleasant and a nuisance, but they dont usually damage your fingers. […] Most people with Raynauds phenomenon will always have the condition, although it can improve with time. […] If theres an underlying cause of the condition, then its sometimes possible to remove or treat this. […] In severe cases almost always in cases of secondary Raynauds some treatments may be given as a drip directly into a vein, otherwise known as an intravenous injection. […] Its important to keep your core temperature warm, as well as your hands and feet in particular. […] If you do get cold, you should get out of the cold environment as soon as possible. However, you should avoid warming back up too quickly, especially if your fingers or toes have changed colour and are painful. […] If you develop one of these symptoms, see your doctor or contact your nurse specialist, if you have one, as soon as possible. […] In some rare cases, your Raynauds may suddenly become more severe. This may need urgent attention.

• #60

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/treatments-and-services/arthritis-(rheumatology)-/raynauds-phenomenon

  Expert guidance to help you manage symptoms and improve your quality of life. There are a variety of lifestyle changes you can make that can minimize your symptoms, such as regular exercise, keeping warm and dry, avoiding smoking, and managing stress. Your team will educate you about how to reduce the number and severity of attacks, as well as help you prevent damage to the affected areas.

• #61 Raynaud’s

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/raynauds/

  A GP may prescribe a medicine called nifedipine if your symptoms are bad or getting worse. This helps your circulation. Some people need to take nifedipine every day. Others only use it to prevent Raynaud’s, for example, during cold weather. If the condition is serious and disrupting your life, certain medications are given to prevent the constriction of the little arteries in the fingers or toes. These medications are often used to treat raised blood pressure.

• #62

  https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2011/august/raynauds.aspx

  In severe cases of Raynauds, the use of medicines that cause vasodilation of the digits may be considered. […] Calcium channel antagonists such as nifedipine, amlodipine and felodipine are frequently effective in the treatment of Raynauds and are all fully funded in New Zealand. […] However, calcium channel blockers are less effective for treating patients with secondary Raynauds, notably Raynauds secondary to systemic sclerosis. […] Adverse effects of treatment are experienced by up to three-quarters of patients with Raynauds and may include headache, flushing, dizziness and peripheral oedema. […] Primary Raynauds may spontaneously remit, therefore treatment can be stopped from time to time in order to confirm persistence. […] Patients with secondary Raynauds, who find calcium channel blockers ineffective, may benefit from the concomitant administration of an additional vasodilator such as transdermal nitroglycerin. […] Rarely, in severe cases, surgical destruction of sympathetic nerves (sympathectomy) may be required to alleviate symptoms.

• #63

• #64 Raynaud’s

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/raynauds/

  Raynaud’s phenomenon is where your blood stops flowing properly to your fingers and toes. It’s common and does not usually cause severe problems. You can often treat the symptoms yourself by keeping warm. Sometimes it can be a sign of a more serious condition. […] The symptoms of Raynaud’s may last from a few minutes to a few hours. […] If you have Raynaud’s and your symptoms are very bad or getting worse, a GP may prescribe a medicine to help improve your circulation. For example, you may be offered nifedipine, which is used to treat high blood pressure. Some people need to take this medicine every day. Others only use it to prevent Raynaud’s, for example, during cold weather. […] A GP may arrange tests if they think Raynaud’s could be a sign of a more serious condition, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.

• #65 Raynaud’s Disease Condition and Treatment – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/medicine/rheumatology-inflammation-immunity/services/raynauds-disease

  Although there is no cure for Raynauds, it normally can be well managed with appropriate treatment, such as: Prescribing alpha blockers, which suppress the sympathetic nervous system response that leads to vasoconstriction (blood vessel narrowing). Prescribing other medications that also improve blood flow to the fingers and toes by dilating (expanding) blood vessels, such as calcium channel blockers or phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Avoiding use of beta blockers, usually used to treat high blood pressure, which slows the heart rate and reduces blood flow to the extremities. For patients who dont respond well to the above medications, there may be investigational drug options drugs that are allowed to be used in clinical trials.

• #66 Raynaud’s Disease | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/raynaud-s-disease

  Skin ulcers and gangrene. For people with severe undiagnosed Raynaud’s and attacks that last a long time, painful, slow-healing sores may occur in the finger tips. In rare cases, a long-term lack of oxygen to the tissues can result in gangrene (when a body part loses its blood supply). […] The goal of treatment is to keep episodes from happening and to ensure they dont interfere with your daily activities. In secondary Raynauds disease, the goal is to treat the disease responsible for the condition and to prevent ulcers and tissue damage. […] In severe cases that do not respond to other treatment and threaten to damage tissue, your doctor may recommend surgery. Surgical procedures include cutting the nerves that control the narrowing of blood vessels or surgery to widen the blood vessels.

• #67 Raynaud’s Phenomenon & Raynaud’s Syndrome | HSS Rheumatology

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_raynauds-phenomenon.asp

  A physician can help to diagnose primary versus secondary Raynauds phenomenon and to distinguish between Raynauds and other causes of low blood flow to the fingers. […] It is especially important to see a doctor if someone with Raynauds develops ulcerations of the fingertips or toes, has severe episodes of Raynauds, has new onset Raynauds (particularly later in adulthood), or experiences other symptoms that suggest the presence of an autoimmune condition (such as joint pain, rash, weakness, among others). […] For those whose Raynauds does not respond to behavior changes alone, medications can be added that dilate the blood vessels in the small extremities. These vasodilators help to prevent recurrences or to make them milder. In more severe cases, a nerve block that quiets the sympathetic nerves at the wrist can help the blood vessels dilate and end a painful episode. In the most severe cases that fail to respond to other treatments, a surgical procedure called a sympathectomy can allow the finger blood vessels to dilate. Its especially important to seek treatment if the Raynauds is severe enough to cause major, continuing pain or is associated with ulcers or infections of the fingers.

• #68 Raynaud’s Phenomenon and Raynaud’s Disease in Pictures

  https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/ss/slideshow-guide-raynauds-phenomenon

  This condition causes attacks that limit blood supply to fingers and toes, which may get pale, cold and numb. […] Symptoms may be so mild that you dont feel the need to seek treatment. Sometimes, they get better on their own. […] This form of Raynauds tends to show up later, around age 40. It can cause more serious symptoms than the primary kind. […] Serious cases of secondary Raynauds can cause sores. Rarely, they can even kill living tissue (gangrene). […] If your symptoms interfere with daily life even after you make changes to your routine, clothing, and other habits, your doctor may be able to help with medication such as: Calcium channel blockers, Alpha blockers, Prescription skin creams, ACE inhibitors. […] In rare cases, you may need shots or surgery to help improve blood flow and prevent tissue damage.

• #69 Raynaud’s disease | SRUK

  https://www.sruk.co.uk/raynauds/what-raynauds/

  Raynaud’s symptoms generally affect the fingers and toes, but all extremities can be involved, including the hands, feet, ears, nose, lips, tongue and nipples. […] People living with secondary Raynaud’s will often experience more severe symptoms. […] Secondary Raynaud’s needs more investigation and more careful monitoring for complications like ulceration or sores. […] If you notice a change in your symptoms or you have any other health concerns, it is important to tell your doctor, who may carry out some tests to rule out other conditions.

• #70 Raynaud’s Syndrome: Overview, Causes and Treatments

  https://www.brynmawrdermatology.com/raynauds-syndrome-overview-causes-and-treatments/?srsltid=AfmBOopFM4kJzfBQbeg8VNogsaSF5SKrzF3ChOc9sVCZS-Oeqm6i5aDS

  Identifying the right time to seek medical advice for Raynaud’s is critical for effective management. Here are clear indicators for when a dermatologist’s expertise is needed: Severe or Escalating Symptoms: If symptoms intensify or worsen. […] A timely visit to a dermatologist, such as the team at Bryn Mawr Dermatology, is essential for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment planning.

• #71 Raynaud’s Disease | The Foundation to Advance Vascular Cures

  https://www.vascularcures.org/raynauds-disease

  Raynauds Disease (also called Raynauds Phenomenon) is a medical condition where the fingers of healthy individuals may become pale in response to severe cold, the effect is exaggerated in individuals. […] Even mild cold exposure can cause significant symptoms. […] During attacks, the small vessels that supply blood to the skin in the hands, and sometimes the toes, nose or ears constrict, resulting in numbness and a pale or bluish tint. […] While a decrease of attacks is achievable, there is no cure for Raynauds. […] See your doctor if you get worse or if you notice a finger sore.

• #72 Podiatry: Raynaud’s phenomenon – Leaflet library

  https://www.oxfordhealth.nhs.uk/leaflets/title/raynauds-phenomenon/

  Raynauds phenomenon is an exaggerated narrowing reaction of the arteries supplying the fingers, toes, ears or nose which causes pain and bluish-white, cold skin in the affected body part. […] The most common form with no identified cause. We dont fully understand what causes it, although scientists are working to find out. Around 1 in 10 people with primary Raynauds have or go on to develop an autoimmune condition. So, if your symptoms get worse or you develop new ones, its important to see your GP and get it checked out. […] It happens because of an underlying autoimmune condition such as scleroderma, lupus, Sjogrens syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis. It can also be caused by certain infections, tumours or certain medications. […] The trigger of an episode is usually either exposure to cold or sudden temperature changes. Sometimes stress can also trigger it. This causes the arteries to narrow, which cuts off blood supply to the skin and trigger the symptoms. […] These symptoms are usually completely reversible but in severe cases there can be lasting damage and skin ulcers. […] If symptoms dont reverse and the extremity becomes ulcerated or deteriorates, urgent review and treatment from your GP or podiatrist (in the case of feet) is advised.

• #73 Raynaud’s phenomenon | Causes, symptoms, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/raynauds-phenomenon/

  With primary Raynauds phenomenon your fingers usually go back to normal after each attack. Attacks of primary Raynauds phenomenon can be unpleasant and a nuisance, but they dont usually damage your fingers. […] Most people with Raynauds phenomenon will always have the condition, although it can improve with time. […] If theres an underlying cause of the condition, then its sometimes possible to remove or treat this. […] In severe cases almost always in cases of secondary Raynauds some treatments may be given as a drip directly into a vein, otherwise known as an intravenous injection. […] Its important to keep your core temperature warm, as well as your hands and feet in particular. […] If you do get cold, you should get out of the cold environment as soon as possible. However, you should avoid warming back up too quickly, especially if your fingers or toes have changed colour and are painful. […] If you develop one of these symptoms, see your doctor or contact your nurse specialist, if you have one, as soon as possible. […] In some rare cases, your Raynauds may suddenly become more severe. This may need urgent attention.

• #74 Understanding Raynaud’s Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/understanding-raynauds-syndrome-symptoms-causes-and-treatments

  Secondary Raynaud’s syndrome can sometimes cause more severe symptoms, including skin ulcers (painful sores) or gangrene (dead tissue) due to poor blood flow or a completely blocked artery. […] Researchers have not identified the root cause of Raynaud’s attacks. It appears that in people with this condition, the blood vessels in the hands and feet overreact to cold temperatures or stress, causing them to narrow. This limits blood flow to the area, causing Raynaud’s symptoms. With time, the small blood vessels can thicken, further restricting blood flow and making the symptoms worse. […] About 1 in 10 people with primary Raynaud’s disease go on to develop autoimmune disorders such as lupus. Secondary Raynaud’s disease is frequently associated with autoimmune diseases, including lupus, in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues.

• #75 Understanding Raynaud’s Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/understanding-raynauds-syndrome-symptoms-causes-and-treatments

  While it is not a life-threatening condition, Raynaud phenomenon can affect the quality of life. Most cases of Raynaud’s can be managed with lifestyle changes, such as avoiding exposing the fingers or toes to cold temperatures; however, severe Raynaud’s may need to be treated with medications, Botox injections, or nerve surgery. Treatment for secondary Raynaud’s also involves treating the underlying disease.

• #76 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Symptoms, Causes, And Treatment – Foot & Ankle Center of Arizona

  https://arizonafoot.com/raynauds-phenomenon/

  Raynaud’s Phenomenon is a vascular disorder that primarily affects the small blood vessels in the extremitiesmost commonly the fingers and toes. Those with this condition experience episodes where their blood vessels spasm and constrict, leading to a temporary decrease in blood flow. Such episodes cause the skin to turn white or bluish, followed by a flush of red as circulation improves and blood flow returns to normal. Often triggered by cold temperatures or emotional stress, the phenomenon typically results in a tri-phasic color change of the affected area: from white to blue to red. […] For some, it can be a mild inconvenience, a peculiarity that shows up during winter months. For others, its a debilitating issue that can interfere with daily tasks and overall quality of life. […] While Raynauds Phenomenon might be a lifelong companion for some, others experience a decrease in symptoms over time. Its not entirely clear why this happens, but age and lifestyle modifications can certainly influence the frequency and severity of episodes. […] Management focuses on prevention and protection, with lifestyle changes at the forefront of treatment. […] Medicinal and surgical options exist for severe cases, although natural remedies are also worth exploring.

• #77 Raynaud’s Disease: Feet Pictures, Symptoms, and More

  https://www.health.com/mind-body/what-is-raynauds-syndrome

  Severe attacks might last days, although it’s rare. People with severe Raynaud’s disease might develop painful sores or tissue death. […] Certain intensive treatment options exist for severe cases. You might require a hospital stay and intravenous (IV) medications, for example, to restore blood flow and treat infection if you develop sores. Surgery can remove damaged tissues. […] Raynaud’s disease often causes painful symptoms. Taking steps to reduce attacks helps improve your quality of life. Remember to follow the advice of a rheumatologist or other healthcare provider to protect against tissue damage.

• #78 Raynaud’s Disease – Symptoms, Causes and Management | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/raynauds-disease-symptoms-and-causes

  The treatment for Raynaud’s syndrome focuses on reducing the number and severity of attacks and preventing tissue damage. Treatment can be divided into lifestyle changes, medications, and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. […] Individual treatment plans vary based on the severity of the condition, the frequency of attacks, and whether Raynaud’s is primary or secondary. A healthcare provider can tailor treatment to the specific needs of the patient. […] While many individuals with Raynaud’s syndrome experience only mild symptoms, the condition can lead to complications, particularly in more severe cases or in secondary Raynaud’s. These complications include: […] If Raynaud’s is secondary to an underlying condition such as scleroderma or lupus, complications can arise from these diseases themselves. For instance, scleroderma can lead to severe tightening of the skin and connective tissues, further exacerbating Raynaud’s symptoms.

• #79 Raynaud’s Disease – familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/raynauds-disease/

  There is no cure for Raynaud’s disease. Both types are lifelong conditions. Research is underway to improve diagnosis and treatment. Lifestyle changes and other treatment help to manage your symptoms. If a health issue is causing secondary Raynaud’s, you will need treatment for that condition as well.

• #80 Raynaud’s phenomenon Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/raynauds-phenomenon

  Raynaud’s syndrome; Raynaud’s disease […] Changes in skin color in the fingers or toes and sometimes in the nose, legs, or earlobes. Skin may turn white, blue, then red. […] Rarely, deterioration of the pads on fingertips or toes. […] Rarely, gangrenous ulcers near fingertips. […] If you have Raynaud’s because of these conditions, it is called secondary Raynaud’s and is often more severe. […] Most cases of Raynaud’s are not severe. Avoiding cold and stress, and not smoking, can help manage symptoms. […] Many drugs used to treat Raynaud’s phenomenon may cause birth defects. So pregnant women should not use them. […] Some people with Raynaud’s also have depression. So talk to your doctor if you feel sad or have other symptoms of depression. Some people with Raynaud’s also have migraines.

• #81 Raynaud’s Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9849-raynauds-phenomenon

  Primary Raynauds syndrome isnt serious and doesnt damage your blood vessels. It may disrupt some of your daily activities, but its not dangerous. […] Secondary Raynauds syndrome can be more serious. It may lead to skin ulcers and, rarely, tissue death (gangrene). It may also impact your quality of life. The underlying disease causing it may be severe in and of itself. […] For most people with primary Raynauds syndrome, the outlook is positive. Symptoms may bother you off and on, but the condition isnt serious or life-threatening. Over time, youll learn more self-care tips for preventing attacks or helping them go away. […] If you have secondary Raynauds syndrome, your outlook depends on your underlying disease. Talk with your provider about what you can expect and how to manage your condition.

• #82 Frequently Asked Questions – Raynaud’s Association

  https://www.raynauds.org/frequently-asked-questions/

  Some sufferers do find it worsens over the years, others find it gets less intense or symptoms simply disappear theres really no clear pattern for either future prognosis. […] Repeated exposure to the cold and stress can aggravate the condition, increasing the frequency and severity of attacks. […] More doctors should advise us that we do have some (albeit limited) control over the condition. And if we dont take control, long term at the extreme we can do permanent damage to our blood vessels.

• #83 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae/en/health-hub/health-resource/diseases-and-conditions/raynauds-phenomenon

  Medications are used more often to treat patients with secondary Raynaud’s than those with the primary type. Common medications include calcium-channel blockers, which relax smooth muscles and open up the small blood vessels. […] Many with the secondary form do not respond as well to treatment as those with the primary form of the disorder.

• #84 Raynaud’s Phenomenon

  https://www.centerforvein.com/blog/raynauds-phenomenon

  While managing symptoms and staying warm can work wonders in treating Raynauds disease (the primary form), the secondary forms treatment method typically requires the underlying illness to be addressed, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. […] Your physician may prescribe a medication to dilate the blood vessels to prevent tissue damage if your case is severe. […] It’s worth noting that Raynauds phenomenon doesn’t have a cure, but knowing common triggers and how to best avoid them can provide a great sense of relief during day-to-day activities.

• #85 Raynaud’s phenomenon | Causes, symptoms, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/raynauds-phenomenon/

  With primary Raynauds phenomenon your fingers usually go back to normal after each attack. Attacks of primary Raynauds phenomenon can be unpleasant and a nuisance, but they dont usually damage your fingers. […] Most people with Raynauds phenomenon will always have the condition, although it can improve with time. […] If theres an underlying cause of the condition, then its sometimes possible to remove or treat this. […] In severe cases almost always in cases of secondary Raynauds some treatments may be given as a drip directly into a vein, otherwise known as an intravenous injection. […] Its important to keep your core temperature warm, as well as your hands and feet in particular. […] If you do get cold, you should get out of the cold environment as soon as possible. However, you should avoid warming back up too quickly, especially if your fingers or toes have changed colour and are painful. […] If you develop one of these symptoms, see your doctor or contact your nurse specialist, if you have one, as soon as possible. […] In some rare cases, your Raynauds may suddenly become more severe. This may need urgent attention.

• #86 Raynaud’s | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/raynaud-s

  Raynauds is a rare condition that causes some parts of your childs body usually their fingers and toes to change colors and feel painful or numb in cold temperatures or under stress. Raynauds causes blood vessels to narrow and limits blood circulation to the affected areas. […] During a Raynauds attack, little or no blood flows to the affected fingers or toes. This causes the skin to turn white, then blue, for a short time. As blood flow returns, the affected areas turn red and may throb, tingle or feel numb. […] In some severe cases, the loss of blood flow can cause sores, called ulcers, or necrosis (tissue death). […] Treatment for Raynauds should reduce the number and harshness of attacks, and prevent tissue damage and loss of tissue in the fingers and toes. […] Raynauds is a lifelong condition. By making lifestyle changes such as keeping your childs fingers and toes warm and protected in cold weather, and sometimes using medications, Raynauds can be successfully managed.

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