Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Painful Horner Syndrome as a Harbinger of Silent Carotid Dissection | PLOS Medicine

  https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020019

  Horner syndrome characterized by the constellation of miosis, ptosis, anhidrosis (lack of sweating), enophthalmos, and anisocoria (unequal pupil size) is present in up to 58% of internal carotid artery dissections. […] The risk of an early ischemic stroke within the first 2 wk was high (around 17%) without initial antithrombotic treatment. […] It is important to diagnose dissection because anticoagulation can prevent carotid thrombosis and embolism. […] The treatment advocated for dissection is anticoagulation for 36 mo. […] For patients with carotid dissection, anticoagulation with warfarin and coumadin is recommended for 36 mo to prevent carotid thrombosis and embolism.

• #2 Horner’s Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/horners-syndrome-symptoms-causes-and-treatment

  Horner syndrome is a disorder that affects the eye and surrounding area of the face on only one side. […] Other than taking precautions to prevent any neck and chest injury, there is not much you can do for the prevention of Horner syndrome.

• #3 Horner Syndrome: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17836-horners-syndrome

  As so many underlying conditions can potentially cause Horner syndrome, theres no way to prevent it from developing. […] However, in cases of Horner syndrome related to trauma (such as carotid artery dissection), taking safety measures to avoid injuring your neck and following dissection precautions can help you avoid developing the syndrome.

• #4 Horner Syndrome – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Horner_Syndrome

  Prevention strategies depend on the etiology of Horner’s syndrome. These may include prevention of trauma (especially head trauma), control of cardiovascular risk factors, and smoking cessation.

• #5 Horner Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/horner-syndrome

  Often, Horner syndrome happens because of another health problem, so theres no way to prevent it. […] To avoid getting the condition from an injury, dont take unnecessary risks that could result in an accident.

• #6 Horner syndrome | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/horner-syndrome

  There is no primary prevention.

• #7 Horner Syndrome: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17836-horners-syndrome

  As so many underlying conditions can potentially cause Horner syndrome, theres no way to prevent it from developing. […] However, in cases of Horner syndrome related to trauma (such as carotid artery dissection), taking safety measures to avoid injuring your neck and following dissection precautions can help you avoid developing the syndrome.

• #8 Horner Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/horner-syndrome

  Often, Horner syndrome happens because of another health problem, so theres no way to prevent it. […] To avoid getting the condition from an injury, dont take unnecessary risks that could result in an accident.

• #9 Horner’s syndrome: Overview, symptoms, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/horners-syndrome

  Some types of Horners syndrome are not preventable, such as inherited and idiopathic types. […] However, underlying conditions, such as trauma, infection, or tumors, cause most cases of Horners syndrome. While it is not always possible to prevent such causes, the following may help reduce a persons risk: […] wearing protective equipment to protect against injury when playing sports […] maintaining good personal hygiene to reduce the risk of infections […] stopping smoking, if a person smokes, to reduce the risk of lung cancers […] following a health-promoting diet and maintaining a moderate weight to help reduce the risk of certain cancers.

• #10 Horner’s Syndrome in Dogs | PetMD

  https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/neurological/horners-syndrome-dogs

  Managing the syndrome itself is usually not necessary, but it is important to manage the underlying cause if it can be identified. The key is to seek veterinary help promptly when the symptoms appear. […] For prevention, common-sense approaches will help. These include using a harness leash when walking your dog to avoid excessive pulling, and other steps to prevent your pup from injuring itself. Proactively cleaning a dogs ears and proper treatment of infections are also preventative measures that can help prevent Horners syndrome.

• #11

  https://waggys.pet/en/blogs/waggys-blog/sindrome-de-horner-perros-causas-sintomas-y-tratamiento?srsltid=AfmBOopRzU7L_2wfb14OBVAtzdAoNu_2Q9-qRyXC_q741zMdML9cwomh

  Horner syndrome in dogs can be caused by a variety of factors, some of which may be preventable while others are not. […] For example, Horner’s syndrome caused by traumatic injuries can be prevented to some extent by taking precautions to avoid accidents and injuries to the dog. […] However, other potential causes, such as tumors or neurological diseases, may be more difficult to prevent. Keeping your dog healthy through regular visits to the vet, a better dog diet such as the Barf diet, and adequate exercise can help keep his nervous and ocular systems in good condition, which can reduce the risk of some forms of syndrome. Horner.

• #12 Horner Syndrome – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Horner_Syndrome

  Prevention strategies depend on the etiology of Horner’s syndrome. These may include prevention of trauma (especially head trauma), control of cardiovascular risk factors, and smoking cessation.

• #13 Horner’s Syndrome & Ptosis | Idaho Eyelid & Facial Surgery

  https://www.idahoeyelidandface.com/reconstructive-procedures-boise-idaho/ptosis/horners-syndrome/

  Horner’s syndrome may lead to different eye colors in children. Prevention strategies include avoiding trauma, controlling cardiovascular risk factors, and stopping smoking. […] At Idaho Eyelid and Facial Plastic Surgery, our practitioners work with patients on treatment plans to address the underlying causes of Horner’s Syndrome. The goal is to restore normal nerve function. If a tumor or another condition is the cause, treatment for that condition may resolve the symptoms. However, in some cases, the symptoms may be permanent.

• #14 Painful Horner Syndrome as a Harbinger of Silent Carotid Dissection | PLOS Medicine

  https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020019

  Horner syndrome characterized by the constellation of miosis, ptosis, anhidrosis (lack of sweating), enophthalmos, and anisocoria (unequal pupil size) is present in up to 58% of internal carotid artery dissections. […] The risk of an early ischemic stroke within the first 2 wk was high (around 17%) without initial antithrombotic treatment. […] It is important to diagnose dissection because anticoagulation can prevent carotid thrombosis and embolism. […] The treatment advocated for dissection is anticoagulation for 36 mo. […] For patients with carotid dissection, anticoagulation with warfarin and coumadin is recommended for 36 mo to prevent carotid thrombosis and embolism.

• #15 Painful Horner Syndrome as a Harbinger of Silent Carotid Dissection | PLOS Medicine

  https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020019

  Horner syndrome characterized by the constellation of miosis, ptosis, anhidrosis (lack of sweating), enophthalmos, and anisocoria (unequal pupil size) is present in up to 58% of internal carotid artery dissections. […] The risk of an early ischemic stroke within the first 2 wk was high (around 17%) without initial antithrombotic treatment. […] It is important to diagnose dissection because anticoagulation can prevent carotid thrombosis and embolism. […] The treatment advocated for dissection is anticoagulation for 36 mo. […] For patients with carotid dissection, anticoagulation with warfarin and coumadin is recommended for 36 mo to prevent carotid thrombosis and embolism.

• #16 Horner’s syndrome: Overview, symptoms, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/horners-syndrome

  Some types of Horners syndrome are not preventable, such as inherited and idiopathic types. […] However, underlying conditions, such as trauma, infection, or tumors, cause most cases of Horners syndrome. While it is not always possible to prevent such causes, the following may help reduce a persons risk: […] wearing protective equipment to protect against injury when playing sports […] maintaining good personal hygiene to reduce the risk of infections […] stopping smoking, if a person smokes, to reduce the risk of lung cancers […] following a health-promoting diet and maintaining a moderate weight to help reduce the risk of certain cancers.

• #17 Horner’s syndrome: Overview, symptoms, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/horners-syndrome

  Some types of Horners syndrome are not preventable, such as inherited and idiopathic types. […] However, underlying conditions, such as trauma, infection, or tumors, cause most cases of Horners syndrome. While it is not always possible to prevent such causes, the following may help reduce a persons risk: […] wearing protective equipment to protect against injury when playing sports […] maintaining good personal hygiene to reduce the risk of infections […] stopping smoking, if a person smokes, to reduce the risk of lung cancers […] following a health-promoting diet and maintaining a moderate weight to help reduce the risk of certain cancers.

• #18 Horner Syndrome – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Horner_Syndrome

  Prevention strategies depend on the etiology of Horner’s syndrome. These may include prevention of trauma (especially head trauma), control of cardiovascular risk factors, and smoking cessation.

• #19 Horner’s syndrome: Overview, symptoms, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/horners-syndrome

  Some types of Horners syndrome are not preventable, such as inherited and idiopathic types. […] However, underlying conditions, such as trauma, infection, or tumors, cause most cases of Horners syndrome. While it is not always possible to prevent such causes, the following may help reduce a persons risk: […] wearing protective equipment to protect against injury when playing sports […] maintaining good personal hygiene to reduce the risk of infections […] stopping smoking, if a person smokes, to reduce the risk of lung cancers […] following a health-promoting diet and maintaining a moderate weight to help reduce the risk of certain cancers.

• #20 Horner’s Syndrome in Cats: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment – Cats.com

  https://cats.com/horners-syndrome-in-cats

  Horners Syndrome is caused by many different things. Many of these conditions cant be prevented but there are some risk factors. Cats that go outdoors are at higher risk of trauma (such as car accidents) and injury (such as cat bites). In general, older cats are more likely to get tumors. […] Keep your cat in good health by feeding a complete cat diet and maintaining a healthy weight. Ensure that they receive regular veterinary care throughout their life, which will help to pick up conditions early.

• #21 Horner’s Syndrome in Cats: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment – Cats.com

  https://cats.com/horners-syndrome-in-cats

  Horners Syndrome is caused by many different things. Many of these conditions cant be prevented but there are some risk factors. Cats that go outdoors are at higher risk of trauma (such as car accidents) and injury (such as cat bites). In general, older cats are more likely to get tumors. […] Keep your cat in good health by feeding a complete cat diet and maintaining a healthy weight. Ensure that they receive regular veterinary care throughout their life, which will help to pick up conditions early.

• #22 Horner’s syndrome: Overview, symptoms, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/horners-syndrome

  Some types of Horners syndrome are not preventable, such as inherited and idiopathic types. […] However, underlying conditions, such as trauma, infection, or tumors, cause most cases of Horners syndrome. While it is not always possible to prevent such causes, the following may help reduce a persons risk: […] wearing protective equipment to protect against injury when playing sports […] maintaining good personal hygiene to reduce the risk of infections […] stopping smoking, if a person smokes, to reduce the risk of lung cancers […] following a health-promoting diet and maintaining a moderate weight to help reduce the risk of certain cancers.

• #23 Horner Syndrome: A Rare Complication of Cervical and Thoracic Herpes Zoster Infection | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/en-horner-syndrome-a-rare-complication-articulo-S1578219015001791

  Postherpetic neuralgia is the most frequent and best-known complication of herpes zoster. […] In our view, early antiviral treatment, whether oral or intravenous, reduces the risk of persistence over weeks or years. […] This case is significant in that it underscores the need for dermatologists to examine patients for Horner syndrome and recognize it, in order to initiate early antiviral treatment to prevent other ocular complications and so that neurologists and/or ophthalmologists can be involved in a multidisciplinary management approach.

• #24 Horner’s Syndrome in Cats: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Renton

  https://www.northwestanimaleye.com/site/blog/2023/11/30/horners-syndrome-cats

  Most causes of Horner’s syndrome in cats are not preventable. You can best help your cat avoid physical trauma by keeping them indoors, which can help keep them from getting into fights with other animals, or falling or jumping from balconies or other high platforms. […] Debris or redness in your cat’s ears should be addressed as soon as possible by a veterinary ophthalmologist.

• #25 What to know about Horner Syndrome – Grover Lewis Johnson

  https://groverlewisjohnson.com/horner-syndrome/

  The leading cause of congenital Horner syndrome is physical trauma to a baby’s face. Physical trauma typically occurs during labor, however this can also happen before or after labor. […] In an effort to reduce any possibility of a birth injury, it is imperative for your obstetrician to act carefully and quickly. […] It is also critical that your obstetrician has a prenatal plan in place, in case of a complicated labor. […] If your newborn was diagnosed with Horner Syndrome and you believe this birth injury occurred due to malpractice, then you must speak with an experienced medical malpractice attorney.

• #26 Horner’s Syndrome, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.birthinjuryguide.org/birth-injury-types/horners-syndrome/

  Because Horner’s syndrome is often the result of other injuries, the best way to prevent the condition is to ensure adequate care during pregnancy, labor and delivery. Talk to your doctor about any risk factors you have that could lead to complications or birth injuries. […] There is no specific treatment for this condition, but physicians typically identify and treat the underlying reason that the disorder developed.

• #27 What to know about Horner Syndrome – Grover Lewis Johnson

  https://groverlewisjohnson.com/horner-syndrome/

  The leading cause of congenital Horner syndrome is physical trauma to a baby’s face. Physical trauma typically occurs during labor, however this can also happen before or after labor. […] In an effort to reduce any possibility of a birth injury, it is imperative for your obstetrician to act carefully and quickly. […] It is also critical that your obstetrician has a prenatal plan in place, in case of a complicated labor. […] If your newborn was diagnosed with Horner Syndrome and you believe this birth injury occurred due to malpractice, then you must speak with an experienced medical malpractice attorney.

• #28 Horner’s Syndrome, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.birthinjuryguide.org/birth-injury-types/horners-syndrome/

  Because Horner’s syndrome is often the result of other injuries, the best way to prevent the condition is to ensure adequate care during pregnancy, labor and delivery. Talk to your doctor about any risk factors you have that could lead to complications or birth injuries. […] There is no specific treatment for this condition, but physicians typically identify and treat the underlying reason that the disorder developed.

• #29 What to know about Horner Syndrome – Grover Lewis Johnson

  https://groverlewisjohnson.com/horner-syndrome/

  The leading cause of congenital Horner syndrome is physical trauma to a baby’s face. Physical trauma typically occurs during labor, however this can also happen before or after labor. […] In an effort to reduce any possibility of a birth injury, it is imperative for your obstetrician to act carefully and quickly. […] It is also critical that your obstetrician has a prenatal plan in place, in case of a complicated labor. […] If your newborn was diagnosed with Horner Syndrome and you believe this birth injury occurred due to malpractice, then you must speak with an experienced medical malpractice attorney.

• #30 Horner’s syndrome following chest drain migration in the treatment of pneumothorax | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/6700446

  Horner’s syndrome has also been reported as complication of tube thoracostomy in the management of various pneumothoraxes (traumatic, spontaneous and iatrogenic) and after thoracic operations. One common feature was the radiographic close proximity between the tip of chest drain and the lung apex in the initial insertion. […] To avoid injury of the apical structure, chest drain insertion of less than 10 cm in the thoracic cavity and inferior to the second rib posteriorly has been suggested. […] In addition, we suggest: (1) firm securing of chest drain to skin with large sutures (0 O silk) and adhesive tape, (2) daily radiographic monitoring of the chest drain position together with clinical examination of the lid position and pupillary response is necessary when chest drain is in situ, and (3) prompt repositioning of any chest drain with significant upward migration to prevent irreversible iatrogenic Horner’s syndrome.

• #31 Horner’s syndrome following chest drain migration in the treatment of pneumothorax | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/6700446

  Horner’s syndrome has also been reported as complication of tube thoracostomy in the management of various pneumothoraxes (traumatic, spontaneous and iatrogenic) and after thoracic operations. One common feature was the radiographic close proximity between the tip of chest drain and the lung apex in the initial insertion. […] To avoid injury of the apical structure, chest drain insertion of less than 10 cm in the thoracic cavity and inferior to the second rib posteriorly has been suggested. […] In addition, we suggest: (1) firm securing of chest drain to skin with large sutures (0 O silk) and adhesive tape, (2) daily radiographic monitoring of the chest drain position together with clinical examination of the lid position and pupillary response is necessary when chest drain is in situ, and (3) prompt repositioning of any chest drain with significant upward migration to prevent irreversible iatrogenic Horner’s syndrome.

• #32 Horner’s syndrome following chest drain migration in the treatment of pneumothorax | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/6700446

  Horner’s syndrome has also been reported as complication of tube thoracostomy in the management of various pneumothoraxes (traumatic, spontaneous and iatrogenic) and after thoracic operations. One common feature was the radiographic close proximity between the tip of chest drain and the lung apex in the initial insertion. […] To avoid injury of the apical structure, chest drain insertion of less than 10 cm in the thoracic cavity and inferior to the second rib posteriorly has been suggested. […] In addition, we suggest: (1) firm securing of chest drain to skin with large sutures (0 O silk) and adhesive tape, (2) daily radiographic monitoring of the chest drain position together with clinical examination of the lid position and pupillary response is necessary when chest drain is in situ, and (3) prompt repositioning of any chest drain with significant upward migration to prevent irreversible iatrogenic Horner’s syndrome.

• #33 [Prevention and treatment of Horner syndrome in treatment of head and face hyperhidrosis by thoracic sympathetic nerve modulation] – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29275604/

  By summarize the Prevention and Treatment of Horner Syndrome of CT-guided thoracic sympathetic nerve modulation in the treatment of head and face Hyperhidrosis, reduce the occurrence of the complications. […] The incidence of Horner syndrome relatively high during the CT-guided thoracic sympathetic nerve modulation to treatment of head and face Hyperhidrosis. Injecting 5 ml physiological saline into the ipsilateral Satellite ganglion immediately can completely eliminate this common complications.

• #34 Iatrogenic Horner’s syndrome after insertion of a central venous catheter: recommendations for clinical practice | The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine | Full Text

  https://ejim.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43162-022-00144-6

  Horners syndrome is an uncommon complication that can easily be prevented by corrections in technique and experience. […] The study emphasizes the establishment of diagnostic and preventive principles for HS. […] Here, we enlist the following recommendations to reduce the likelihood of developing HS after CVC: A CVC should be inserted under the guidance of direct ultrasound, as it has been shown to reduce the likelihood of developing HS. […] Avoid keeping the needle angle too steep; otherwise, the needle may pass behind the carotid artery to damage the sympathetic chain. […] Once the head is tilted to the left by more than 40o, the risk of IJV overlapping the carotid artery is increased significantly, leading to greater chances of developing HS. […] Testing for HS can be positive with apraclonidine as soon as 3 h after the insult. Pharmacological testing should be done as soon as possible and once HS is diagnosed and attributed to catheter insertion; the CVC should be removed by a specialist to limit further damage.

• #35 Iatrogenic Horner’s syndrome after insertion of a central venous catheter: recommendations for clinical practice | The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine | Full Text

  https://ejim.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43162-022-00144-6

  Posterior approach to IJV underneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle should be avoided as the likelihood of damaging the sympathetic chain increases with this approach. An anterior approach is recommended for the ease of procedure, limited complication rate, and an overall better outcome. […] Conclusively, Horner syndrome is an uncommon complication of a common procedure, CVC insertion, that can easily be prevented with experience and correction in technique.

• #36 Shedding light on Horner syndrome

  https://www.ophthalmologytimes.com/view/shedding-light-on-horner-syndrome

  We recommend imaging of the oculosympathetic pathway in all cases of Horner syndrome without a clear ethology, even in neurologically isolated cases, particularly when pain is present, Fairbanks emphasized. […] Fairbanks went on to note that in isolated Horner Syndrome cases, pain suggested both a dangerous etiology and a positive imaging result, which was driven primarily by patients found to have an ICA dissection.

• #37 Horner Syndrome – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/eye-health/horner-syndrome/

  Patients should be given information about the different ways Horner syndrome can appear. If your baby is born with this condition, known as congenital Horner syndrome, its crucial to understand the various treatment options and the need for regular medical checks. Horner syndrome wont harm the eye or lead to vision loss; however, it could indicate damage along the nerve. […] Understanding where and why the nerve damage occurred is vital, as sometimes the reason could be serious. For instance, a droopy lid (or ptosis) can cause the eyes to dry out or turn red due to being exposed for too long. You might also feel a rough sensation in the eye and be more susceptible to eye infections. […] Often, using artificial tears or ointment can help manage these symptoms. Yet, in more severe cases or when complications arise, surgical intervention might be necessary.

• #38 Horner Syndrome – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/eye-health/horner-syndrome/

  Patients should be given information about the different ways Horner syndrome can appear. If your baby is born with this condition, known as congenital Horner syndrome, its crucial to understand the various treatment options and the need for regular medical checks. Horner syndrome wont harm the eye or lead to vision loss; however, it could indicate damage along the nerve. […] Understanding where and why the nerve damage occurred is vital, as sometimes the reason could be serious. For instance, a droopy lid (or ptosis) can cause the eyes to dry out or turn red due to being exposed for too long. You might also feel a rough sensation in the eye and be more susceptible to eye infections. […] Often, using artificial tears or ointment can help manage these symptoms. Yet, in more severe cases or when complications arise, surgical intervention might be necessary.

• #39 Horner’s Syndrome, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.birthinjuryguide.org/birth-injury-types/horners-syndrome/

  Because Horner’s syndrome is often the result of other injuries, the best way to prevent the condition is to ensure adequate care during pregnancy, labor and delivery. Talk to your doctor about any risk factors you have that could lead to complications or birth injuries. […] There is no specific treatment for this condition, but physicians typically identify and treat the underlying reason that the disorder developed.

• #40 Horner’s Syndrome in Dogs | PetMD

  https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/neurological/horners-syndrome-dogs

  Managing the syndrome itself is usually not necessary, but it is important to manage the underlying cause if it can be identified. The key is to seek veterinary help promptly when the symptoms appear. […] For prevention, common-sense approaches will help. These include using a harness leash when walking your dog to avoid excessive pulling, and other steps to prevent your pup from injuring itself. Proactively cleaning a dogs ears and proper treatment of infections are also preventative measures that can help prevent Horners syndrome.

• #41 Chronic persistent Horner’s syndrome in trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia subtypes and alleviation with treatment: two case reports | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text

  https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-019-1986-y

  A chronic fixed partial or full Horners syndrome can occur in trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia subtypes, but it can also be reversed in patients with treatment even after months to years of duration. […] Two cases are presented of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia subtypes with chronic persistent Horners syndromes that alleviated with treatment of the underlying primary headache disorder. […] After achieving 2 months of pain freedom on indomethacin her Horners syndrome completely resolved. […] This would suggest that the sympathetic dysfunction leading to the eye-related symptoms is from irritation of the sympathetic chain rather than permanent injury as the result of vasodilatory trauma after trigeminal autonomic reflex activation. […] Short-term resolution of Horners syndrome with diagnostic nerve blocks may be a positive predictive factor for more permanent resolution with longer term anesthesiologic procedures such as radiofrequency ablation.

• #42 Chronic persistent Horner’s syndrome in trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia subtypes and alleviation with treatment: two case reports | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text

  https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-019-1986-y

  A chronic fixed partial or full Horners syndrome can occur in trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia subtypes, but it can also be reversed in patients with treatment even after months to years of duration. […] Two cases are presented of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia subtypes with chronic persistent Horners syndromes that alleviated with treatment of the underlying primary headache disorder. […] After achieving 2 months of pain freedom on indomethacin her Horners syndrome completely resolved. […] This would suggest that the sympathetic dysfunction leading to the eye-related symptoms is from irritation of the sympathetic chain rather than permanent injury as the result of vasodilatory trauma after trigeminal autonomic reflex activation. […] Short-term resolution of Horners syndrome with diagnostic nerve blocks may be a positive predictive factor for more permanent resolution with longer term anesthesiologic procedures such as radiofrequency ablation.

• #43 Chronic persistent Horner’s syndrome in trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia subtypes and alleviation with treatment: two case reports | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text

  https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-019-1986-y

  A chronic fixed partial or full Horners syndrome can occur in trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia subtypes, but it can also be reversed in patients with treatment even after months to years of duration. […] Two cases are presented of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia subtypes with chronic persistent Horners syndromes that alleviated with treatment of the underlying primary headache disorder. […] After achieving 2 months of pain freedom on indomethacin her Horners syndrome completely resolved. […] This would suggest that the sympathetic dysfunction leading to the eye-related symptoms is from irritation of the sympathetic chain rather than permanent injury as the result of vasodilatory trauma after trigeminal autonomic reflex activation. […] Short-term resolution of Horners syndrome with diagnostic nerve blocks may be a positive predictive factor for more permanent resolution with longer term anesthesiologic procedures such as radiofrequency ablation.

• #44 Horner Syndrome – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/eye-health/horner-syndrome/

  Patients should be given information about the different ways Horner syndrome can appear. If your baby is born with this condition, known as congenital Horner syndrome, its crucial to understand the various treatment options and the need for regular medical checks. Horner syndrome wont harm the eye or lead to vision loss; however, it could indicate damage along the nerve. […] Understanding where and why the nerve damage occurred is vital, as sometimes the reason could be serious. For instance, a droopy lid (or ptosis) can cause the eyes to dry out or turn red due to being exposed for too long. You might also feel a rough sensation in the eye and be more susceptible to eye infections. […] Often, using artificial tears or ointment can help manage these symptoms. Yet, in more severe cases or when complications arise, surgical intervention might be necessary.

• #45 Horner’s syndrome: Overview, symptoms, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/horners-syndrome

  Some types of Horners syndrome are not preventable, such as inherited and idiopathic types. […] However, underlying conditions, such as trauma, infection, or tumors, cause most cases of Horners syndrome. While it is not always possible to prevent such causes, the following may help reduce a persons risk: […] wearing protective equipment to protect against injury when playing sports […] maintaining good personal hygiene to reduce the risk of infections […] stopping smoking, if a person smokes, to reduce the risk of lung cancers […] following a health-promoting diet and maintaining a moderate weight to help reduce the risk of certain cancers.

• #46 Horner’s Syndrome & Ptosis | Idaho Eyelid & Facial Surgery

  https://www.idahoeyelidandface.com/reconstructive-procedures-boise-idaho/ptosis/horners-syndrome/

  Horner’s syndrome may lead to different eye colors in children. Prevention strategies include avoiding trauma, controlling cardiovascular risk factors, and stopping smoking. […] At Idaho Eyelid and Facial Plastic Surgery, our practitioners work with patients on treatment plans to address the underlying causes of Horner’s Syndrome. The goal is to restore normal nerve function. If a tumor or another condition is the cause, treatment for that condition may resolve the symptoms. However, in some cases, the symptoms may be permanent.

• #47 Horner Syndrome – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Horner_Syndrome

  Prevention strategies depend on the etiology of Horner’s syndrome. These may include prevention of trauma (especially head trauma), control of cardiovascular risk factors, and smoking cessation.

• #48 Horner’s Syndrome in Dogs | PetMD

  https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/neurological/horners-syndrome-dogs

  Managing the syndrome itself is usually not necessary, but it is important to manage the underlying cause if it can be identified. The key is to seek veterinary help promptly when the symptoms appear. […] For prevention, common-sense approaches will help. These include using a harness leash when walking your dog to avoid excessive pulling, and other steps to prevent your pup from injuring itself. Proactively cleaning a dogs ears and proper treatment of infections are also preventative measures that can help prevent Horners syndrome.

• #49 Horner’s Syndrome in Cats: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment – Cats.com

  https://cats.com/horners-syndrome-in-cats

  Horners Syndrome is caused by many different things. Many of these conditions cant be prevented but there are some risk factors. Cats that go outdoors are at higher risk of trauma (such as car accidents) and injury (such as cat bites). In general, older cats are more likely to get tumors. […] Keep your cat in good health by feeding a complete cat diet and maintaining a healthy weight. Ensure that they receive regular veterinary care throughout their life, which will help to pick up conditions early.

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