Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14256-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is when inflammation in your optic nerve causes pain, vision loss and other symptoms. […] Timely diagnosis and treatment may help optic neuritis and limit or delay more severe long-term effects or conditions. […] The treatment for optic neuritis generally involves one or two key approaches: […] Intravenous (IV) anti-inflammatory drugs (steroids). Reducing inflammation limits damage to your optic nerve. That should reduce pain and help with vision loss. […] Treating any underlying causes or contributing factors. These treatments vary. Examples include antibiotics for bacterial infections, or treatments like plasma exchange (PLEX) to reduce immune system activity if tests show you have an autoimmune disorder like NMO or MOGAD. […] You should see an eye care specialist if you suspect you have optic neuritis. They can begin the initial steps of diagnosing and treating this condition. […] The sooner you get a diagnosis and treatment, the better the chances of a favorable outcome.

• #2

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/bascom-palmer-eye-institute/specialties/neuro-ophthalmology/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve. This condition is often linked to multiple sclerosis (MS), and can also occur in people who have other infections or immune diseases like lupus. Symptoms of optic neuritis include: […] Steroid Medications – Your specialist may prescribe a steroid medication to help reduce inflammation in your optic nerve. Steroids are usually given by vein (intravenously). […] Comprehensive care. When an underlying medical condition affects your eyes, you can have peace of mind knowing you have quick access to a team of physicians representing every specialty.

• #3 Optic Neuritis (Ambulatory Care)

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/optic-neuritis-ambulatory-care.html

  Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve. The optic nerve helps you see by sending an image from the front of the eye to the brain. Inflammation of the nerve leads to vision loss. Usually only one eye is affected, but you may have optic neuritis in both eyes. […] Seek care immediately if: You have vision loss in both eyes along with a headache or double vision. […] Contact your healthcare provider if: You have new or worsening symptoms. Your symptoms do not improve within 1 to 2 weeks. You have questions or concerns about your condition or care. […] Optic neuritis may go away on its own without treatment within a few months. It may take a year before your vision returns to normal or near normal. Even with treatment, your vision may not return completely to normal. If you have severe vision loss, steroid medicine may be used to reduce inflammation. The medicine may be given through an IV to help your vision clear more quickly. This may be done if you only have vision in 1 eye or you need to see clearly for work.

• #4

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/bascom-palmer-eye-institute/specialties/neuro-ophthalmology/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve. This condition is often linked to multiple sclerosis (MS), and can also occur in people who have other infections or immune diseases like lupus. Symptoms of optic neuritis include: […] Steroid Medications – Your specialist may prescribe a steroid medication to help reduce inflammation in your optic nerve. Steroids are usually given by vein (intravenously). […] Comprehensive care. When an underlying medical condition affects your eyes, you can have peace of mind knowing you have quick access to a team of physicians representing every specialty.

• #5 Diagnosis and Management of Optic Neuritis

  https://www.reviewofophthalmology.com/article/diagnosis-and-management-of-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is a syndrome, not a disease. Its a common diagnosis; the prevalence is 115 per 100,000 persons in both the United States and the United Kingdom. The optic neuritis associated with multiple sclerosis appears more in women, Caucasians and those who live at high altitudes. […] The ON associated with idiopathic and multiple sclerosis usually involves: subacute vision loss; just one eye; pain that often worsens with eye movement; a relative afferent pupillary defect in cases of unilateral or asymmetric optic nerve involvement; and dyschromatopsia from the affected eye. […] Optic neuritis can manifest in autoimmune conditions of the central nervous system, infections and systemic diseases, such as: Multiple sclerosis; MOGAD; NMOSD; CRION, or chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis; GFAP, or glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody-associated astrocytopathy; Tuberculosis, syphilis and cat-scratch fever; Sarcoidosis, Sjgrens syndrome, granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

• #6 Optic Neuritis — Hashemi Eye Care

  https://www.hashemieyecare.com/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve, the bundle of nerve fibers responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing the condition and preventing long-term vision damage. […] Treatment for optic neuritis typically focuses on reducing inflammation and managing any underlying conditions. Common treatment options include: Corticosteroids: High-dose intravenous or oral steroids are often used to reduce inflammation and speed up recovery. […] After treatment, regular follow-up visits with your neuro-ophthalmologist are essential to monitor your recovery and check for signs of multiple sclerosis or other neurological conditions.

• #7 Nursing Care Plan for Eye Disorders: Optic Neuritis | Essay Example

  https://studycorgi.com/optic-neuritis-nursing-diagnosis-and-care-plan/

  The presumptive nursing diagnosis, in this case, is disturbed visual sensory perception-related vision alteration, evidenced by an abrupt loss of vision. […] The first step in this situation is to conduct a full physical exam to confirm the disorders nature so that an appropriate nursing care plan can be developed. […] The next stage of care would be to inform Jessica about her diagnosis. […] Ideally, the information will be delivered in several sections, detailing the possible causes and effects of the disease and what developments she can expect next. […] However, if it is caused by a different disease, like multiple sclerosis, it would necessitate addressing this disease in the teaching and care plans, and organize care to treat it. […] Consequently, it may be important to include eye care and work with optician into the nursing care plan.

• #8 Impaired Vision: Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan for Optic Neuritis

  https://nursingbird.com/making-nursing-diagnoses-for-the-patients-condition/

  This paper discusses a case of a patient who presented to the emergency department with complaints of significant vision impairment in one eye. […] Finally, the paper will present a nursing care plan for optic neuritis and outline the necessary patient education. […] Prevent further aggravation of condition: optic neuritis can resolve on its own with no pharmaceutical intervention required. Therefore, monitoring of the patients condition is necessary for timely detection of the turn of an event requiring clinical intervention. […] Maintain medication intake: in some cases, optic neuritis requires intravenous and oral steroid treatment for a more rapid recovery. Steroids have adverse effects on health when administered inappropriately, requiring close supervision. […] Manage anxiety: the sudden impairment and associated lifestyle changes can have detrimental effects on a patients psychological state. Effective coping techniques should be made available to the patient.

• #9 Nursing Care Plan for Eye Disorders: Optic Neuritis | Essay Example

  https://studycorgi.com/optic-neuritis-nursing-diagnosis-and-care-plan/

  The presumptive nursing diagnosis, in this case, is disturbed visual sensory perception-related vision alteration, evidenced by an abrupt loss of vision. […] The first step in this situation is to conduct a full physical exam to confirm the disorders nature so that an appropriate nursing care plan can be developed. […] The next stage of care would be to inform Jessica about her diagnosis. […] Ideally, the information will be delivered in several sections, detailing the possible causes and effects of the disease and what developments she can expect next. […] However, if it is caused by a different disease, like multiple sclerosis, it would necessitate addressing this disease in the teaching and care plans, and organize care to treat it. […] Consequently, it may be important to include eye care and work with optician into the nursing care plan.

• #10 Nursing Care Plan for Eye Disorders: Optic Neuritis | Essay Example

  https://studycorgi.com/optic-neuritis-nursing-diagnosis-and-care-plan/

  The presumptive nursing diagnosis, in this case, is disturbed visual sensory perception-related vision alteration, evidenced by an abrupt loss of vision. […] The first step in this situation is to conduct a full physical exam to confirm the disorders nature so that an appropriate nursing care plan can be developed. […] The next stage of care would be to inform Jessica about her diagnosis. […] Ideally, the information will be delivered in several sections, detailing the possible causes and effects of the disease and what developments she can expect next. […] However, if it is caused by a different disease, like multiple sclerosis, it would necessitate addressing this disease in the teaching and care plans, and organize care to treat it. […] Consequently, it may be important to include eye care and work with optician into the nursing care plan.

• #11 Optic Neuritis: Nursing Diagnosis and Care Plan | Free Essay Example

  https://studycorgi.com/optic-neuritis-nursing-diagnosis-and-care-plan-essay/

  To get better involved in the issue, defining characteristics, namely subjective and objective data should be examined. […] The diagnosis is Optic Neuritis. Optic Neuritis is an inflammatory process that results in a decline of vision. […] There are short term and long-term goals that should be taken into consideration. Short term goal the patient will not experience pain while moving her eye. The blurring will be reduced to the minimum. Long-term goals the patient will be able to determine colors, the vision of the left eye will be improved, the pupil will respond to light. […] Provide the patient with appropriate care. […] The patient should get appropriate support and be provided with the essential knowledge needed to eliminate the risk of relapse.

• #12 Optic Neuritis: Nursing Diagnosis and Care Plan | Free Essay Example

  https://studycorgi.com/optic-neuritis-nursing-diagnosis-and-care-plan-essay/

  To get better involved in the issue, defining characteristics, namely subjective and objective data should be examined. […] The diagnosis is Optic Neuritis. Optic Neuritis is an inflammatory process that results in a decline of vision. […] There are short term and long-term goals that should be taken into consideration. Short term goal the patient will not experience pain while moving her eye. The blurring will be reduced to the minimum. Long-term goals the patient will be able to determine colors, the vision of the left eye will be improved, the pupil will respond to light. […] Provide the patient with appropriate care. […] The patient should get appropriate support and be provided with the essential knowledge needed to eliminate the risk of relapse.

• #13 Impaired Vision: Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan for Optic Neuritis

  https://nursingbird.com/making-nursing-diagnoses-for-the-patients-condition/

  This paper discusses a case of a patient who presented to the emergency department with complaints of significant vision impairment in one eye. […] Finally, the paper will present a nursing care plan for optic neuritis and outline the necessary patient education. […] Prevent further aggravation of condition: optic neuritis can resolve on its own with no pharmaceutical intervention required. Therefore, monitoring of the patients condition is necessary for timely detection of the turn of an event requiring clinical intervention. […] Maintain medication intake: in some cases, optic neuritis requires intravenous and oral steroid treatment for a more rapid recovery. Steroids have adverse effects on health when administered inappropriately, requiring close supervision. […] Manage anxiety: the sudden impairment and associated lifestyle changes can have detrimental effects on a patients psychological state. Effective coping techniques should be made available to the patient.

• #14 Impaired Vision: Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan for Optic Neuritis

  https://nursingbird.com/making-nursing-diagnoses-for-the-patients-condition/

  This paper discusses a case of a patient who presented to the emergency department with complaints of significant vision impairment in one eye. […] Finally, the paper will present a nursing care plan for optic neuritis and outline the necessary patient education. […] Prevent further aggravation of condition: optic neuritis can resolve on its own with no pharmaceutical intervention required. Therefore, monitoring of the patients condition is necessary for timely detection of the turn of an event requiring clinical intervention. […] Maintain medication intake: in some cases, optic neuritis requires intravenous and oral steroid treatment for a more rapid recovery. Steroids have adverse effects on health when administered inappropriately, requiring close supervision. […] Manage anxiety: the sudden impairment and associated lifestyle changes can have detrimental effects on a patients psychological state. Effective coping techniques should be made available to the patient.

• #15 Optic Neuritis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.optic-neuritis-care-instructions.uh4347

  Optic neuritis is a problem in the eye’s optic nerve. This is the nerve that moves light and images from the eye to the brain. Optic neuritis causes the nerve to swell. You may have blurred or double vision or even loss of vision. […] Your doctor may want to watch your symptoms or may give you medicine, which can reduce the swelling of your optic nerve. In either case, the doctor will carefully keep track of your condition. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Follow any directions your doctor gives you to care for your eye. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: Your vision gets worse. […] You have pain in your eye. […] You do not get better as expected.

• #16

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh4347

  Optic neuritis is a problem in the eye’s optic nerve. This is the nerve that moves light and images from the eye to the brain. Optic neuritis causes the nerve to swell. You may have blurred or double vision or even loss of vision. […] Your doctor may want to watch your symptoms or may give you medicine, which can reduce the swelling of your optic nerve. In either case, the doctor will carefully keep track of your condition. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Follow any directions your doctor gives you to care for your eye. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: Your vision gets worse. […] You have pain in your eye. […] You do not get better as expected.

• #17 Impaired Vision: Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan for Optic Neuritis

  https://nursingbird.com/making-nursing-diagnoses-for-the-patients-condition/

  This paper discusses a case of a patient who presented to the emergency department with complaints of significant vision impairment in one eye. […] Finally, the paper will present a nursing care plan for optic neuritis and outline the necessary patient education. […] Prevent further aggravation of condition: optic neuritis can resolve on its own with no pharmaceutical intervention required. Therefore, monitoring of the patients condition is necessary for timely detection of the turn of an event requiring clinical intervention. […] Maintain medication intake: in some cases, optic neuritis requires intravenous and oral steroid treatment for a more rapid recovery. Steroids have adverse effects on health when administered inappropriately, requiring close supervision. […] Manage anxiety: the sudden impairment and associated lifestyle changes can have detrimental effects on a patients psychological state. Effective coping techniques should be made available to the patient.

• #18 Optic Neuritis (ON) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis (ON) involves an attack of inflammation (swelling) in your optic nerve, which sends information from your eye to your brain about what you are seeing. In ON, there is damage to myelin, the protective covering of your nerve fibers. […] In order to perform the testing and undergo treatment, children with ON are usually hospitalized for one week. […] In order to perform the testing and undergo treatment, children with ON are usually hospitalized for a week. […] Medications are used to reduce the inflammation (swelling) in the optic nerve in ON. The main medication that is used is called methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol™), which is a corticosteroid given by IV once a day for three to five days. […] Most children with ON improve with high doses of methylprednisolone. […] Most children tolerate medication very well, although some children can develop temporary moodiness or other behavioral changes. […] After you leave the hospital, it’s important to follow up with your neurologist and ophthalmologist in the outpatient clinic. We will perform a neurological and eye examination on your child. A follow-up brain and/or spinal cord MRI and visual field testing may also be done.

• #19 Acute Management of Optic Neuritis: An Evolving Paradigm

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6370553/

  The current management of acute optic neuritis (ON) is focused on expediting visual recovery through the use of high-dose intravenous corticosteroids. […] Therefore, neurologists and ophthalmologists need to be aware of clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings that may provide important clues to the etiology of ON and the potential need for aggressive management. […] Nevertheless, these findings suggest that early diagnosis and disease-specific therapeutics may be key to minimizing injury, improving recovering, and preventing future vision loss after ON. […] The patient with acute ON needs a detailed neuro-ophthalmologic examination that carefully evaluates for the presence of ophthalmologic, neurologic, and systemic disease. […] Since the completion of the ONTT in 1992, high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) has been the treatment of choice for immediate therapy of acute ON.

• #20 Acute Management of Optic Neuritis: An Evolving Paradigm

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6370553/

  The benefit of accelerated visual recovery combined with an acceptable level of side effects has prompted the routine adoption of IVMP for acute ON treatment. […] Despite extensive clinical data supporting the benefit and safety of high-dose corticosteroid administration for acute ON treatment, it remains unclear whether early treatment with high-dose corticosteroids is optimal for all causes of ON, and whether other treatments should be substituted or combined with corticosteroids to improve visual outcome. […] A treatment rationale for ON would be incomplete without consideration of the potential for recurrent vision loss. […] Optimal steroid and steroid-sparing regimens for relapsing adult and pediatric patients are yet to be determined but may comprise a mixture of those used in MS and NMOSD. […] Acute ON treatment is likely to benefit from a focused evaluation designed to identify imaging and laboratory data that favor certain infectious, paraneoplastic, and autoimmune etiologies.

• #21 Optic Neuritis, its Differential Diagnosis and Management

  https://openophthalmologyjournal.com/VOLUME/6/PAGE/65/FULLTEXT/

  The goals of many of the existing and emerging treatments including steroid and immuno-modulatory therapy are reduction in the number and severity of attacks, and prevention of axonal loss and subsequent disability in both ON and MS. […] Recovery of visual functions in ON is observed spontaneously within 2-3 weeks in more than 80% of patients without treatment. […] According to ONTT findings, intravenous steroids treatment is recommended when 3 or more signal abnormalities are present on MRI and reduces risk of developing MS by 2 years. […] Studies have shown IV dexamethasone (200 mg once daily for three days) has equal effectivity as IVMP (as recommended by ONTT) with fewer side effects, easier administration and lower cost. […] Since there is evidence of early axonal damage in acute demyelinating ON, long term treatment with disease modifying drugs (DMDs) such as interferon -1a (Avonex), interferon -1b (Betaseron) and glatirimer acetate (Copaxone) should be considered in patients at high risk of developing MS as prophylaxis confronting permanent neurological impairment.

• #22 Optic neuritis // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/optic-neuritis

  Most people who have a single episode of optic neuritis eventually recover their vision without treatment. Sometimes steroid medications may speed the recovery of vision after optic neuritis. […] Steroid medications used to treat optic neuritis subdue your immune system, which causes your body to become more susceptible to infections. Other side effects include mood changes and weight gain. […] Optic neuritis usually improves on its own. In some cases, steroid medications are used to reduce inflammation in the optic nerve. Possible side effects from steroid treatment include weight gain, mood changes, facial flushing, stomach upset and insomnia. […] When steroid therapy fails and severe vision loss persists, a treatment called plasma exchange therapy might help some people recover their vision. Studies haven’t yet confirmed that plasma exchange therapy is effective for optic neuritis.

• #23 Impaired Vision: Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan for Optic Neuritis

  https://nursingbird.com/making-nursing-diagnoses-for-the-patients-condition/

  This paper discusses a case of a patient who presented to the emergency department with complaints of significant vision impairment in one eye. […] Finally, the paper will present a nursing care plan for optic neuritis and outline the necessary patient education. […] Prevent further aggravation of condition: optic neuritis can resolve on its own with no pharmaceutical intervention required. Therefore, monitoring of the patients condition is necessary for timely detection of the turn of an event requiring clinical intervention. […] Maintain medication intake: in some cases, optic neuritis requires intravenous and oral steroid treatment for a more rapid recovery. Steroids have adverse effects on health when administered inappropriately, requiring close supervision. […] Manage anxiety: the sudden impairment and associated lifestyle changes can have detrimental effects on a patients psychological state. Effective coping techniques should be made available to the patient.

• #24 Optic neuritis // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/optic-neuritis

  Most people who have a single episode of optic neuritis eventually recover their vision without treatment. Sometimes steroid medications may speed the recovery of vision after optic neuritis. […] Steroid medications used to treat optic neuritis subdue your immune system, which causes your body to become more susceptible to infections. Other side effects include mood changes and weight gain. […] Optic neuritis usually improves on its own. In some cases, steroid medications are used to reduce inflammation in the optic nerve. Possible side effects from steroid treatment include weight gain, mood changes, facial flushing, stomach upset and insomnia. […] When steroid therapy fails and severe vision loss persists, a treatment called plasma exchange therapy might help some people recover their vision. Studies haven’t yet confirmed that plasma exchange therapy is effective for optic neuritis.

• #25 Optic neuritis // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/optic-neuritis

  If you have optic neuritis, and you have two or more brain lesions evident on MRI scans, you might benefit from multiple sclerosis medications, such as interferon beta-1a or interferon beta-1b, that may delay or help prevent MS. These injectable medications are used for people at high risk of developing MS. Possible side effects include depression, injection site irritation and flu-like symptoms.

• #26 Adult Optic Neuritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1217083-overview

  Optic neuritis (ON) is a demyelinating inflammation of the optic nerve that often occurs in association with multiple sclerosis (MS) and, much less commonly, neuromyelitis optica (NMO). A gradual recovery of all or part of the visual acuity with time is characteristic of ON, although permanent residual deficits in color vision and contrast and brightness sensitivity are common. […] For most patients with ON, treatment and recovery proceed as follows: Visual function begins to improve 1 to several weeks after onset, even without any treatment. […] Pharmacologic therapy for patients with ON is directed toward ameliorating the acute symptoms of pain and decreased vision caused by demyelinating inflammation of the nerve; varying regimens of corticosteroids have been used for this purpose. […] Intravenous (IV) steroids do little to affect ultimate visual acuity in patients with ON, but they do speed the rate of recovery; some clinicians advocate administration of IV steroids for patients with either severe or bilateral vision loss. […] For patients with ON whose brain lesions on MRI indicate a high risk of developing clinically definite MS, treatment with immunomodulators (eg, interferonbeta-1a, interferon beta-1b, glatiramer acetate) may be considered.

• #27 Impaired Vision: Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan for Optic Neuritis

  https://nursingbird.com/making-nursing-diagnoses-for-the-patients-condition/

  This paper discusses a case of a patient who presented to the emergency department with complaints of significant vision impairment in one eye. […] Finally, the paper will present a nursing care plan for optic neuritis and outline the necessary patient education. […] Prevent further aggravation of condition: optic neuritis can resolve on its own with no pharmaceutical intervention required. Therefore, monitoring of the patients condition is necessary for timely detection of the turn of an event requiring clinical intervention. […] Maintain medication intake: in some cases, optic neuritis requires intravenous and oral steroid treatment for a more rapid recovery. Steroids have adverse effects on health when administered inappropriately, requiring close supervision. […] Manage anxiety: the sudden impairment and associated lifestyle changes can have detrimental effects on a patients psychological state. Effective coping techniques should be made available to the patient.

• #28

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40123-020-00247-9

  This article, co-authored by a patient affected by bilateral, recurrent, atypical optic neuritis, and clinicians, discusses the mental burden of living with uncertainty and the possibility of further sight loss, along with the side effects of treatment. […] The physicians consider whether current clinical measures adequately capture the outcomes that matter to patients and discuss the role for patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). […] The patient outlines how the impacts of optic neuritis and its treatment extend far beyond the limited visual function measures and OCT imaging parameters monitored in clinic to encroach upon many different domains of quality of life. […] There is growing recognition of the value of, and need for, patient-reported outcome measures in medicine and ophthalmology.

• #29

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40123-020-00247-9

  The current medical world is mostly focused on traditional measurable metrics. […] In my experience this can leave important patient questions unaddressed, in turn missing an opportunity to do better in helping patients deal with their disease and its treatment. […] My point is that patients will venture out themselves if not discussed. […] Through discussing the mental aspects, my doctor floated the idea of creating a patient group to create a space where similar patients can find information and share experiences. […] The patient group helps to sift through the forest of articles, theories, and possible solutions and helps us to better avoid the confirmation bias when venturing out to find answers alone. […] The patient is speaking: discovering the patient voice in ophthalmology.

• #30 Nursing Care Plan for Eye Disorders: Optic Neuritis | Essay Example

  https://studycorgi.com/optic-neuritis-nursing-diagnosis-and-care-plan/

  The presumptive nursing diagnosis, in this case, is disturbed visual sensory perception-related vision alteration, evidenced by an abrupt loss of vision. […] The first step in this situation is to conduct a full physical exam to confirm the disorders nature so that an appropriate nursing care plan can be developed. […] The next stage of care would be to inform Jessica about her diagnosis. […] Ideally, the information will be delivered in several sections, detailing the possible causes and effects of the disease and what developments she can expect next. […] However, if it is caused by a different disease, like multiple sclerosis, it would necessitate addressing this disease in the teaching and care plans, and organize care to treat it. […] Consequently, it may be important to include eye care and work with optician into the nursing care plan.

• #31 Nursing Care Plan for Eye Disorders: Optic Neuritis | Essay Example

  https://studycorgi.com/optic-neuritis-nursing-diagnosis-and-care-plan/

  The presumptive nursing diagnosis, in this case, is disturbed visual sensory perception-related vision alteration, evidenced by an abrupt loss of vision. […] The first step in this situation is to conduct a full physical exam to confirm the disorders nature so that an appropriate nursing care plan can be developed. […] The next stage of care would be to inform Jessica about her diagnosis. […] Ideally, the information will be delivered in several sections, detailing the possible causes and effects of the disease and what developments she can expect next. […] However, if it is caused by a different disease, like multiple sclerosis, it would necessitate addressing this disease in the teaching and care plans, and organize care to treat it. […] Consequently, it may be important to include eye care and work with optician into the nursing care plan.

• #32 Can You Drive with Multiple Sclerosis and Optic Neuritis

  https://maloufeye.com/can-you-drive-with-multiple-sclerosis-and-optic-neuritis/

  Optic neuritis, characterized by inflammation of the optic nerve, can lead to visual disturbances such as blurred vision, decreased color perception, and reduced visual acuity. […] Individuals with MS and optic neuritis are encouraged to undergo regular medical evaluations, including visual assessments, neurological examinations, and cognitive screenings, to assess their fitness to drive safely. […] For individuals with MS and optic neuritis who wish to continue driving, adaptive driving strategies and assistive devices may help enhance safety and facilitate independent mobility. […] Patient education plays a crucial role in promoting self-awareness and informed decision-making regarding driving safety for individuals with MS and optic neuritis. […] Collaboration between individuals with MS, optic neuritis, healthcare providers, driving rehabilitation specialists, and regulatory authorities is essential in promoting safe driving practices and optimizing road safety for individuals with neurological conditions.

• #33 Nursing Care Plan for Eye Disorders: Optic Neuritis | Essay Example

  https://studycorgi.com/optic-neuritis-nursing-diagnosis-and-care-plan/

  The presumptive nursing diagnosis, in this case, is disturbed visual sensory perception-related vision alteration, evidenced by an abrupt loss of vision. […] The first step in this situation is to conduct a full physical exam to confirm the disorders nature so that an appropriate nursing care plan can be developed. […] The next stage of care would be to inform Jessica about her diagnosis. […] Ideally, the information will be delivered in several sections, detailing the possible causes and effects of the disease and what developments she can expect next. […] However, if it is caused by a different disease, like multiple sclerosis, it would necessitate addressing this disease in the teaching and care plans, and organize care to treat it. […] Consequently, it may be important to include eye care and work with optician into the nursing care plan.

• #34 Eyes – optic neuritis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eyes-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve that causes blurred, grey and dim vision. […] If you have these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately. […] In many cases, optic neuritis is short-lived and resolves by itself without treatment in around four to 12 weeks. […] Symptoms may worsen if you are hot, for example, after playing sport or showering. […] Your doctor should send you to a hospital emergency department if they suspect you have optic neuritis. […] Permanent damage to the optic nerve occurs in about 85 per cent of cases, but the damage does not always cause serious vision problems. […] In many cases, optic neuritis is short-lived and resolves by itself without treatment in around four to 12 weeks. […] The person’s vision improves once the inflammation subsides. […] In severe or chronic cases, intravenous corticosteroids may be used to speed along recovery. […] Regular eye examinations are important. The person should also undergo further tests to check for the presence of MS.

• #35 Adult Optic Neuritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1217083-overview

  Optic neuritis (ON) is a demyelinating inflammation of the optic nerve that often occurs in association with multiple sclerosis (MS) and, much less commonly, neuromyelitis optica (NMO). A gradual recovery of all or part of the visual acuity with time is characteristic of ON, although permanent residual deficits in color vision and contrast and brightness sensitivity are common. […] For most patients with ON, treatment and recovery proceed as follows: Visual function begins to improve 1 to several weeks after onset, even without any treatment. […] Pharmacologic therapy for patients with ON is directed toward ameliorating the acute symptoms of pain and decreased vision caused by demyelinating inflammation of the nerve; varying regimens of corticosteroids have been used for this purpose. […] Intravenous (IV) steroids do little to affect ultimate visual acuity in patients with ON, but they do speed the rate of recovery; some clinicians advocate administration of IV steroids for patients with either severe or bilateral vision loss. […] For patients with ON whose brain lesions on MRI indicate a high risk of developing clinically definite MS, treatment with immunomodulators (eg, interferonbeta-1a, interferon beta-1b, glatiramer acetate) may be considered.

• #36 Eyes – optic neuritis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eyes-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve that causes blurred, grey and dim vision. […] If you have these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately. […] In many cases, optic neuritis is short-lived and resolves by itself without treatment in around four to 12 weeks. […] Symptoms may worsen if you are hot, for example, after playing sport or showering. […] Your doctor should send you to a hospital emergency department if they suspect you have optic neuritis. […] Permanent damage to the optic nerve occurs in about 85 per cent of cases, but the damage does not always cause serious vision problems. […] In many cases, optic neuritis is short-lived and resolves by itself without treatment in around four to 12 weeks. […] The person’s vision improves once the inflammation subsides. […] In severe or chronic cases, intravenous corticosteroids may be used to speed along recovery. […] Regular eye examinations are important. The person should also undergo further tests to check for the presence of MS.

• #37 Optic Neuritis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.optic-neuritis-care-instructions.uh4347

  Optic neuritis is a problem in the eye’s optic nerve. This is the nerve that moves light and images from the eye to the brain. Optic neuritis causes the nerve to swell. You may have blurred or double vision or even loss of vision. […] Your doctor may want to watch your symptoms or may give you medicine, which can reduce the swelling of your optic nerve. In either case, the doctor will carefully keep track of your condition. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Follow any directions your doctor gives you to care for your eye. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: Your vision gets worse. […] You have pain in your eye. […] You do not get better as expected.

• #38

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh4347

  Optic neuritis is a problem in the eye’s optic nerve. This is the nerve that moves light and images from the eye to the brain. Optic neuritis causes the nerve to swell. You may have blurred or double vision or even loss of vision. […] Your doctor may want to watch your symptoms or may give you medicine, which can reduce the swelling of your optic nerve. In either case, the doctor will carefully keep track of your condition. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Follow any directions your doctor gives you to care for your eye. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: Your vision gets worse. […] You have pain in your eye. […] You do not get better as expected.

• #39 Optic Neuritis | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/optic-neuritis

  Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Follow any directions your doctor gives you to care for your eye. […] Avoid bright lights or use dark glasses to protect the eye. […] Over-the-counter eyedrops, such as artificial tears, may help the eye feel better. Choose a product that does not contain preservatives.

• #40 Optic Neuritis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.optic-neuritis-care-instructions.uh4347

  Optic neuritis is a problem in the eye’s optic nerve. This is the nerve that moves light and images from the eye to the brain. Optic neuritis causes the nerve to swell. You may have blurred or double vision or even loss of vision. […] Your doctor may want to watch your symptoms or may give you medicine, which can reduce the swelling of your optic nerve. In either case, the doctor will carefully keep track of your condition. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Follow any directions your doctor gives you to care for your eye. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: Your vision gets worse. […] You have pain in your eye. […] You do not get better as expected.

• #41 Optic Neuritis: A Complete Overview from Natural Eye Care – Natural Eye Care Blog: News & Research on Vision

  https://www.naturaleyecare.com/blog/optic-neuritis-overview/?srsltid=AfmBOor9OhtLNCRgRQ7um5J9tNtEkkm0MCErKw7O-VBgNsw2JlC3ywM0

  Optic neuritis can be one of the causes of optic nerve atrophy. […] In the case of autoimmune diseases, treatment for the underlying disease is key to controlling the optic neuritis. […] Instead of waiting for it to go away on its own, anyone experiencing sudden vision changes or symptoms should seek immediate medical care. Untreated optic neuritis can result in nerve cell death, leading to blindness. […] If an underlying cause can be identified, it should be treated. […] It is common for doctors to prescribe steroids for optic neuritis. […] The goal of steroids for this condition is to speed recovery and improve vision; however, the research does not back up all these goals. […] Nutritional support is important in many eye issues. […] Antioxidants are important. […] Exercise has been repeatedly shown to increase circulation and overall health.

• #42 Optic Neuritis Symptoms + 5 Natural Remedies – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/optic-neuritis/

  Conventional optic neuritis treatment typically includes: Use of steroid medication called corticosteroids, which help to control swelling and usually improve vision. […] Do optic neuritis treatment always work, and will most peoples vision typically return to normal? If the condition is considered mild or moderate, medications like steroids can usually improve vision and help it to return to normal or near-normal. […] Natural remedies for optic neuritis symptoms include avoiding triggers, trying natural pain-relievers like essential oils, getting enough rest and working on relaxation, eating an anti-inflammatory diet and taking supplements to support the immune system.

• #43 Optic Neuritis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.optic-neuritis-care-instructions.uh4347

  Optic neuritis is a problem in the eye’s optic nerve. This is the nerve that moves light and images from the eye to the brain. Optic neuritis causes the nerve to swell. You may have blurred or double vision or even loss of vision. […] Your doctor may want to watch your symptoms or may give you medicine, which can reduce the swelling of your optic nerve. In either case, the doctor will carefully keep track of your condition. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Follow any directions your doctor gives you to care for your eye. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: Your vision gets worse. […] You have pain in your eye. […] You do not get better as expected.

• #44

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh4347

  Optic neuritis is a problem in the eye’s optic nerve. This is the nerve that moves light and images from the eye to the brain. Optic neuritis causes the nerve to swell. You may have blurred or double vision or even loss of vision. […] Your doctor may want to watch your symptoms or may give you medicine, which can reduce the swelling of your optic nerve. In either case, the doctor will carefully keep track of your condition. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Follow any directions your doctor gives you to care for your eye. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: Your vision gets worse. […] You have pain in your eye. […] You do not get better as expected.

• #45 Optic Neuritis (Ambulatory Care)

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/optic-neuritis-ambulatory-care.html

  Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve. The optic nerve helps you see by sending an image from the front of the eye to the brain. Inflammation of the nerve leads to vision loss. Usually only one eye is affected, but you may have optic neuritis in both eyes. […] Seek care immediately if: You have vision loss in both eyes along with a headache or double vision. […] Contact your healthcare provider if: You have new or worsening symptoms. Your symptoms do not improve within 1 to 2 weeks. You have questions or concerns about your condition or care. […] Optic neuritis may go away on its own without treatment within a few months. It may take a year before your vision returns to normal or near normal. Even with treatment, your vision may not return completely to normal. If you have severe vision loss, steroid medicine may be used to reduce inflammation. The medicine may be given through an IV to help your vision clear more quickly. This may be done if you only have vision in 1 eye or you need to see clearly for work.

• #46 How far should I manage acute optic neuritis as an ophthalmologist? A United Kingdom perspective | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41433-024-03164-4

  We find fundus fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography helpful in unusual ON presentations. […] Over the past decade, the role of ophthalmologists in diagnosing and managing ON has evolved significantly. […] Effective collaboration with neuro-ophthalmologists or neurologists is essential for specialised investigation and treatment.

• #47 Challenges in Diagnosing Optic Neuritis in MS and MOGAD

  https://www.neurologylive.com/view/challenges-diagnosing-optic-neuritis-in-ms-mogad

  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, chronic neurological condition that can affect a wide range of systems within the body, including the visual system. The interplay between the eyes and MS is of particular importance, as optic neuritis, a common manifestation, can significantly impact patient outcomes and quality of life. Understanding how MS affects vision and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is essential for clinicians to provide timely and accurate diagnoses, as well as to tailor treatment strategies aimed at minimizing visual impairment. […] Both experts emphasize the vital role of neuro-ophthalmological evaluations and advocate for greater attention to visual impairments in MS care. […] From my perspective, one of the common challenges I see with neurologists is when a patient presents with non-specific blurriness of vision.

• #48 Considerations for the Management of Optic Neuritis in the Inpatient Setting

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/ms-immune-disorders/considerations-for-the-management-of-optic-neuritis-in-the-inpatient-setting/31976/

  Front-line physicians evaluating the acute case of optic neuritis must have a broad understanding of the various causes of optic neuritis to treat and manage it appropriately. […] Ever since the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial results were published in 1992, IVMP at a total dose of 1,000 mg daily for at least 3 days has been the standard treatment for acute optic neuritis. […] The classic optic neuritis that occurs with MS typically has a favorable visual prognosis. […] Arranging for close follow-up with an outpatient ophthalmologist and neurologist after an acute attack of optic neuritis, regardless of the degree of visual recovery achieved in the inpatient setting, may help improve the long-term prognosis. […] By recognizing atypical signs and symptoms and pursuing the appropriate workup, the inpatient neurologist can affect the clinical outcome and potentially the long-term prognosis in acute optic neuritis.

• #49 Optic Neuritis (Ambulatory Care)

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/optic-neuritis-ambulatory-care.html

  Follow up with your healthcare provider as directed: You may need ongoing vision tests. Your healthcare provider may also refer you to a specialist to check for multiple sclerosis (MS). Optic neuritis is often the first sign of MS. You may need care to treat MS or to prevent optic neuritis if you are at risk for developing MS. Write down your questions so you remember to ask them during your visits.

• #50 Optic Neuritis (ON) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis (ON) involves an attack of inflammation (swelling) in your optic nerve, which sends information from your eye to your brain about what you are seeing. In ON, there is damage to myelin, the protective covering of your nerve fibers. […] In order to perform the testing and undergo treatment, children with ON are usually hospitalized for one week. […] In order to perform the testing and undergo treatment, children with ON are usually hospitalized for a week. […] Medications are used to reduce the inflammation (swelling) in the optic nerve in ON. The main medication that is used is called methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol™), which is a corticosteroid given by IV once a day for three to five days. […] Most children with ON improve with high doses of methylprednisolone. […] Most children tolerate medication very well, although some children can develop temporary moodiness or other behavioral changes. […] After you leave the hospital, it’s important to follow up with your neurologist and ophthalmologist in the outpatient clinic. We will perform a neurological and eye examination on your child. A follow-up brain and/or spinal cord MRI and visual field testing may also be done.

• #51 Optic Neuritis (ON) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis (ON) involves an attack of inflammation (swelling) in your optic nerve, which sends information from your eye to your brain about what you are seeing. In ON, there is damage to myelin, the protective covering of your nerve fibers. […] In order to perform the testing and undergo treatment, children with ON are usually hospitalized for one week. […] In order to perform the testing and undergo treatment, children with ON are usually hospitalized for a week. […] Medications are used to reduce the inflammation (swelling) in the optic nerve in ON. The main medication that is used is called methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol™), which is a corticosteroid given by IV once a day for three to five days. […] Most children with ON improve with high doses of methylprednisolone. […] Most children tolerate medication very well, although some children can develop temporary moodiness or other behavioral changes. […] After you leave the hospital, it’s important to follow up with your neurologist and ophthalmologist in the outpatient clinic. We will perform a neurological and eye examination on your child. A follow-up brain and/or spinal cord MRI and visual field testing may also be done.

• #52 Vision Problems & Multiple Sclerosis | National MS SocietyNational Multiple Sclerosis Society LogoNational Multiple Sclerosis Society LogoOpen searchExpand SectionExpand SectionExpand Section

  https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/what-is-ms/ms-symptoms/vision-problems

  Optic neuritis is caused by inflammation of the optic (vision) nerve. It usually occurs in one eye and may cause aching pain with eye movement, blurred vision, dim vision or loss of color vision. For people with optic neuritis, the color red may appear washed out or gray, vision may be lost completely in the affected eye, or a blurred or dim spot (scotoma) may occur in the center of the visual field, with peripheral vision unaffected. It is possible that after experiencing optic neuritis in one eye, you may experience it in the other eye at some time in the future — although this does not always occur. Optic neuritis with a loss of vision can be alarming, but in most cases your vision returns. Residual symptoms are possible, and you may notice dim or blurred vision if you are very fatigued or overheated. Rest and cooling generally help vision return. Treatment for optic neuritis includes high doses of corticosteroids, such as intravenous methylprednisolone or prednisone pills. […] If your vision has become impaired, changes in your home and workplace can make you more comfortable and productive. […] An occupational rehabilitation therapist can help you adjust to your level of vision impairment.

• #53 Optic neuritis – information, causes and treatment | RNIB | RNIB

  https://www.rnib.org.uk/your-eyes/eye-conditions-az/optic-neuritis/

  If your optic neuritis is caused by an underlying infection, then you may need treatment with antimicrobial or antifungal medication. […] Most people with optic neuritis make a good recovery of their vision and do not have any long-term problems with their sight. […] You should ask your ophthalmologist, optometrist or GP about low vision aids and getting a low vision assessment.

• #54 Diagnosis and Management of Optic Neuritis

  https://www.reviewofophthalmology.com/article/diagnosis-and-management-of-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is a syndrome, not a disease. Its a common diagnosis; the prevalence is 115 per 100,000 persons in both the United States and the United Kingdom. The optic neuritis associated with multiple sclerosis appears more in women, Caucasians and those who live at high altitudes. […] The ON associated with idiopathic and multiple sclerosis usually involves: subacute vision loss; just one eye; pain that often worsens with eye movement; a relative afferent pupillary defect in cases of unilateral or asymmetric optic nerve involvement; and dyschromatopsia from the affected eye. […] Optic neuritis can manifest in autoimmune conditions of the central nervous system, infections and systemic diseases, such as: Multiple sclerosis; MOGAD; NMOSD; CRION, or chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis; GFAP, or glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody-associated astrocytopathy; Tuberculosis, syphilis and cat-scratch fever; Sarcoidosis, Sjgrens syndrome, granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

• #55 How far should I manage acute optic neuritis as an ophthalmologist? A United Kingdom perspective | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41433-024-03164-4

  Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammation of or around the optic nerve, frequently caused by infectious or immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. […] Prompt identification and understanding of ONs underlying cause informs tailored management and prognosis. […] Therefore, urgent investigation and treatment are crucial in cases atypical for MS-ON. Following the 1992 Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial, clinical practice has evolved, with short-course high-dose corticosteroids considered safe and effective for most people. […] Timely recognition of patients who could benefit is critical to avoid irreversible vision loss. […] Patients with acute or recent onset bilateral moderate to severe vision impairment require consideration of acute medical admission. […] Patients with low vision and sluggish or unreactive pupils are of particular concern for possible AQP4-ON, MOG-ON, or severe post-viral ON.

• #56 Diagnosis and Management of Optic Neuritis

  https://www.reviewofophthalmology.com/article/diagnosis-and-management-of-optic-neuritis

  Unfortunately, the ER may lack diagnostic tools, such as OCT, to identify optic neuritis or exclude other causes of vision loss. […] So, yes, misdiagnosed cases of optic neuritis exist. Referrals are important. But to get a referral in time to save a patients sight, should the cause of the optic nerves inflammation be vision robbing? Not easy, says Dr. Newman: There are just not enough neuro-ophthalmologists out there. […] Steroids have been the mainstay of treatment for ON for decades, and they primarily still are. MOGAD responds briskly to steroids, and theres a high risk of recurrence if steroids are taken away too fast, says Dr. Bennett. Most cases of NMOSD dont respond to steroids at all, adds Dr. Bennett, but have a more complete response to plasma exchanges, or PLEX. […] As to referrals, Dr. Newman says, You will only need to send those who make you uncomfortable or the diagnosis doesnt seem right.

• #57 Optic Neuritis: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/acute-optic-neuritis

  The further management of optic neuritis will depend on which subtype of optic neuritis is diagnosed. Those who have relapses after reduction of corticosteroids may need immunosuppression. There are several disease-modifying treatments approved for multiple sclerosis, and there are other immunosuppressive strategies used to treat optic neuritis associated with antibodies to MOG or aquaporin 4 and chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy; these include azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate, rituximab and plasma exchange.

• #58

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40123-020-00247-9

  Optic neuritis is an important cause of potentially irreversible vision impairment. […] Patients with typical optic neuritis usually experience good recovery of their visual acuity in the first month after the vision loss, without any treatment, although the quality of the recovered vision, and especially the contrast sensitivity or colour perception, may be worse than before. […] In contrast, atypical causes of optic neuritis may present with more severe vision loss (e.g. visual acuity worse than 6/60 at onset), bilateral involvement, and/or no pain on eye movement. […] Therefore, second-line steroid-sparing agents (e.g. azathioprine) are required in these patients, aiming to reduce the risk of steroid side effects and further vision loss or neurological morbidity resulting from relapses.

• #59 How far should I manage acute optic neuritis as an ophthalmologist? A United Kingdom perspective | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41433-024-03164-4

  Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammation of or around the optic nerve, frequently caused by infectious or immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. […] Prompt identification and understanding of ONs underlying cause informs tailored management and prognosis. […] Therefore, urgent investigation and treatment are crucial in cases atypical for MS-ON. Following the 1992 Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial, clinical practice has evolved, with short-course high-dose corticosteroids considered safe and effective for most people. […] Timely recognition of patients who could benefit is critical to avoid irreversible vision loss. […] Patients with acute or recent onset bilateral moderate to severe vision impairment require consideration of acute medical admission. […] Patients with low vision and sluggish or unreactive pupils are of particular concern for possible AQP4-ON, MOG-ON, or severe post-viral ON.

• #60 Challenges in Diagnosing Optic Neuritis in MS and MOGAD

  https://www.neurologylive.com/view/challenges-diagnosing-optic-neuritis-in-ms-mogad

  I just recently had a patient like that in the emergency department. The physicians understandably struggled with what to do, but it was certainly a relapse of MOGAD presenting that way. This is where I call upon ophthalmologists and neuro-ophthalmologists for a good dilated exam, whether in the ED, outpatient, or inpatient settings. […] In optic neuritis, there can sometimes be confusion. Is it just status migrainosus? […] If the blurry vision is persistent or worsening for more than several hours, it requires further evaluation. That includes checking visual acuity, doing a dilated exam, and getting an MRI of the orbits with contrast to figure out what’s going on. […] Its not uncommon for me, in the neuroimmunology office, to see patients who say, When I started having blurry vision, I also had a headache. […] But with optic neuritis, its the persistent vision loss associated with eye pain that you’re looking forthat should raise suspicion for MS.

• #61 Acute Management of Optic Neuritis: An Evolving Paradigm

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6370553/

  The benefit of accelerated visual recovery combined with an acceptable level of side effects has prompted the routine adoption of IVMP for acute ON treatment. […] Despite extensive clinical data supporting the benefit and safety of high-dose corticosteroid administration for acute ON treatment, it remains unclear whether early treatment with high-dose corticosteroids is optimal for all causes of ON, and whether other treatments should be substituted or combined with corticosteroids to improve visual outcome. […] A treatment rationale for ON would be incomplete without consideration of the potential for recurrent vision loss. […] Optimal steroid and steroid-sparing regimens for relapsing adult and pediatric patients are yet to be determined but may comprise a mixture of those used in MS and NMOSD. […] Acute ON treatment is likely to benefit from a focused evaluation designed to identify imaging and laboratory data that favor certain infectious, paraneoplastic, and autoimmune etiologies.

• #62 Optic Neuritis: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/acute-optic-neuritis

  The further management of optic neuritis will depend on which subtype of optic neuritis is diagnosed. Those who have relapses after reduction of corticosteroids may need immunosuppression. There are several disease-modifying treatments approved for multiple sclerosis, and there are other immunosuppressive strategies used to treat optic neuritis associated with antibodies to MOG or aquaporin 4 and chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy; these include azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate, rituximab and plasma exchange.

• #63 Nursing Care Plan for Eye Disorders: Optic Neuritis | Essay Example

  https://studycorgi.com/optic-neuritis-nursing-diagnosis-and-care-plan/

  The presumptive nursing diagnosis, in this case, is disturbed visual sensory perception-related vision alteration, evidenced by an abrupt loss of vision. […] The first step in this situation is to conduct a full physical exam to confirm the disorders nature so that an appropriate nursing care plan can be developed. […] The next stage of care would be to inform Jessica about her diagnosis. […] Ideally, the information will be delivered in several sections, detailing the possible causes and effects of the disease and what developments she can expect next. […] However, if it is caused by a different disease, like multiple sclerosis, it would necessitate addressing this disease in the teaching and care plans, and organize care to treat it. […] Consequently, it may be important to include eye care and work with optician into the nursing care plan.

• #64 Impaired Vision: Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan for Optic Neuritis

  https://nursingbird.com/making-nursing-diagnoses-for-the-patients-condition/

  This paper discusses a case of a patient who presented to the emergency department with complaints of significant vision impairment in one eye. […] Finally, the paper will present a nursing care plan for optic neuritis and outline the necessary patient education. […] Prevent further aggravation of condition: optic neuritis can resolve on its own with no pharmaceutical intervention required. Therefore, monitoring of the patients condition is necessary for timely detection of the turn of an event requiring clinical intervention. […] Maintain medication intake: in some cases, optic neuritis requires intravenous and oral steroid treatment for a more rapid recovery. Steroids have adverse effects on health when administered inappropriately, requiring close supervision. […] Manage anxiety: the sudden impairment and associated lifestyle changes can have detrimental effects on a patients psychological state. Effective coping techniques should be made available to the patient.

• #65 Considerations for the Management of Optic Neuritis in the Inpatient Setting

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/ms-immune-disorders/considerations-for-the-management-of-optic-neuritis-in-the-inpatient-setting/31976/

  Front-line physicians evaluating the acute case of optic neuritis must have a broad understanding of the various causes of optic neuritis to treat and manage it appropriately. […] Ever since the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial results were published in 1992, IVMP at a total dose of 1,000 mg daily for at least 3 days has been the standard treatment for acute optic neuritis. […] The classic optic neuritis that occurs with MS typically has a favorable visual prognosis. […] Arranging for close follow-up with an outpatient ophthalmologist and neurologist after an acute attack of optic neuritis, regardless of the degree of visual recovery achieved in the inpatient setting, may help improve the long-term prognosis. […] By recognizing atypical signs and symptoms and pursuing the appropriate workup, the inpatient neurologist can affect the clinical outcome and potentially the long-term prognosis in acute optic neuritis.

• #66 Optic Neuritis: Nursing Diagnosis and Care Plan | Free Essay Example

  https://studycorgi.com/optic-neuritis-nursing-diagnosis-and-care-plan-essay/

  To get better involved in the issue, defining characteristics, namely subjective and objective data should be examined. […] The diagnosis is Optic Neuritis. Optic Neuritis is an inflammatory process that results in a decline of vision. […] There are short term and long-term goals that should be taken into consideration. Short term goal the patient will not experience pain while moving her eye. The blurring will be reduced to the minimum. Long-term goals the patient will be able to determine colors, the vision of the left eye will be improved, the pupil will respond to light. […] Provide the patient with appropriate care. […] The patient should get appropriate support and be provided with the essential knowledge needed to eliminate the risk of relapse.

• #67

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40123-020-00247-9

  This article, co-authored by a patient affected by bilateral, recurrent, atypical optic neuritis, and clinicians, discusses the mental burden of living with uncertainty and the possibility of further sight loss, along with the side effects of treatment. […] The physicians consider whether current clinical measures adequately capture the outcomes that matter to patients and discuss the role for patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). […] The patient outlines how the impacts of optic neuritis and its treatment extend far beyond the limited visual function measures and OCT imaging parameters monitored in clinic to encroach upon many different domains of quality of life. […] There is growing recognition of the value of, and need for, patient-reported outcome measures in medicine and ophthalmology.

• #68

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40123-020-00247-9

  The current medical world is mostly focused on traditional measurable metrics. […] In my experience this can leave important patient questions unaddressed, in turn missing an opportunity to do better in helping patients deal with their disease and its treatment. […] My point is that patients will venture out themselves if not discussed. […] Through discussing the mental aspects, my doctor floated the idea of creating a patient group to create a space where similar patients can find information and share experiences. […] The patient group helps to sift through the forest of articles, theories, and possible solutions and helps us to better avoid the confirmation bias when venturing out to find answers alone. […] The patient is speaking: discovering the patient voice in ophthalmology.

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