Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14256-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is when inflammation in your optic nerve causes pain, vision loss and other symptoms. This condition has strong links to chronic conditions like multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. Timely diagnosis and treatment may help optic neuritis and limit or delay more severe long-term effects or conditions. […] Optic neuritis (ON) is a type of neuropathy (nerve disease) that can cause eye pain and vision loss or vision changes. It happens when inflammation affects signals traveling through your optic nerve, which connects your eyes and brain. […] The cells that make up your optic nerve have a fatty coating called a myelin sheath. When you have ON, that sheath deteriorates. The coating is protective. Without it, the nerve cells cant send signals properly. Thats why various forms of vision loss are common symptoms of this condition.

• #2 Optic neuritis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/optic-neuritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354953

  Optic neuritis occurs when swelling (inflammation) damages the optic nerve a bundle of nerve fibers that transmits visual information from your eye to your brain. Common symptoms of optic neuritis include pain with eye movement and temporary vision loss in one eye. […] Signs and symptoms of optic neuritis can be the first indication of multiple sclerosis (MS), or they can occur later in the course of MS. […] Optic neuritis usually affects one eye. Symptoms might include: Pain. Most people who develop optic neuritis have eye pain that’s worsened by eye movement. Sometimes the pain feels like a dull ache behind the eye. Vision loss in one eye. Most people have at least some temporary reduction in vision, but the extent of loss varies. Noticeable vision loss usually develops over hours or days and improves over several weeks to months. Vision loss is permanent in some people. Visual field loss. Side vision loss can occur in any pattern, such as central vision loss or peripheral vision loss. Loss of color vision. Optic neuritis often affects color perception. You might notice that colors appear less vivid than normal. Flashing lights. Some people with optic neuritis report seeing flashing or flickering lights with eye movements. […] Most people who have a single episode of optic neuritis eventually recover their vision without treatment. Sometimes steroid medications may speed the recovery of vision after optic neuritis.

• #3 Diagnostic Approach to Atypical Optic Neuritis – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Diagnostic_Approach_to_Atypical_Optic_Neuritis

  Optic neuropathy is a non-specific term characterized by dysfunction of the optic nerve. The clinical findings include variable loss of visual acuity or visual field, dyschromatopsia, a relative afferent pupillary defect in unilateral or bilateral but asymmetric cases, and a swollen, pale, or normal (initially) optic nerve. […] The most common type of ON is labeled typical, or demyelinating ON, which may be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) or may be idiopathic. […] With typical ON, there is a classical triad of symptoms: Variable vision loss (visual acuity or visual field), Periocular pain (worse with eye movement), Dyschromatopsia. Patients with typical ON generally have a favorable prognosis with good visual recovery regardless of treatment. In contrast, lack of visual recovery is a marker of atypical ON. This atypical ON can be caused by a heterogeneous collection of disorders including neuromyelitis optica (NMO), autoimmune optic neuropathy, chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), idiopathic recurrent neuroretinitis, and optic neuropathy from systemic disease. If left untreated, atypical ON can lead to devastating visual results; therefore, it is crucial to recognize, initiate proper treatment, and preserve vision for patients with atypical ON.

• #4 Optic Neuritis: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/acute-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis, or inflammation of the optic nerves, is a frequent cause of acute optic nerve injury in children and adults. Although optic neuritis is frequently associated with multiple sclerosis, there are many other causes of optic neuritis. Classically there is a triad of clinical features – reduced vision (of varying severity), eye pain (particularly on movement) and impaired colour vision. […] The onset is usually with pain on eye movement in one eye and subacute visual loss. In unilateral optic neuritis, the direct pupillary light reflex is weaker in the affected eye. […] Other symptoms present in multiple sclerosis optic neuritis are: varying degrees of vision reduction: from a mildly decreased visual acuity to complete vision loss. Light flashes (phosphenes or photopsias). Uhthoff’s phenomenon – increased symptoms with raised body temperature (hot environment or exercise). Pulfrich’s phenomenon – altered perception of the direction of movement; objects moving straight appear to have a curved trajectory, presumably due to asymmetrical conduction in optic nerves. Fatigue – fading of vision. […] One third of patients with optic neuritis have a mildly oedematous optic disc. The visual disturbance resolves in 95% of cases. A less favourable course may be evidence of neuromyelitis optica, and macular involvement may be evidence of neuroretinitis.

• #5 Patient’s Guide to Optic Neuritis – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/neurology/neuro-ophthalmology/optic-neuritis

  An episode of Optic Neuritis typically begins with eye pain, especially with eye movements. Within a few days, patients will notice blurred vision in the affected eye. Often this appears like a thumb-print or smudge that blurs the vision. Within a week, this may progress to darkening of part of the visual field. Reading can become difficult, especially if the central portion of the visual field is affected. In addition to blurred vision, most patients notice that colors appear less bright, or washed-out with the affected eye. […] The visual loss caused by Optic Neuritis usually worsens for 7-10 days and then gradually begins to improve between 1-3 months. Most patients with Optic Neuritis generally recover 20/20 (normal) visual acuity. However, patients in whom Optic Neuritis initially causes vision worse than 20/60 are at higher risk for having some permanent visual loss. In addition, even after patients with optic neuritis have recovered, there may still be subtle changes in their vision (such as reduced brightness for colors or reduced depth perception) despite regaining the ability to read the whole eye chart.

• #6 Optic Neuritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557853/

  Optic neuritis is a vision-threatening disorder and often the first symptom of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Symptoms typically include sudden vision loss, eye pain (especially with eye movement), and changes in color perception. Some individuals may also experience the Marcus Gunn pupil, an abnormal response to light. […] The prognosis is generally positive, with most people experiencing partial or full recovery of vision within weeks to months. However, some may face persistent visual impairment, and the risk of recurrence or developing multiple sclerosis varies based on individual factors. […] Patients with optic neuritis typically present with a sudden onset of vision loss in 1 eye, although bilateral involvement can occur. The degree of visual loss varies, ranging from mild visual blurring to complete blindness in the affected eye. Pain, especially with eye movement, is a hallmark symptom of optic neuritis and often precedes visual impairment by a few days.

• #7 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14256-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis symptoms all revolve around your eyes and disruptions in vision. The changes usually stem from retrobulbar (meaning behind the eyeball) effects of optic neuritis. […] Symptoms can include: Eye pain. Over 90% of people with optic neuritis experience pain as a symptom, which usually worsens when you move your eyes. But in some cases, atypical optic neuritis may not cause pain at all. Vision acuity loss. This means your vision is less clear or sharp. This is usually more severe in pediatric optic neuropathy. Visual field defects or vision loss. These are gaps or other decreases in vision that only affect part of your visual field. With optic neuritis, the gap is usually in the center of your visual field. Color vision loss (dyschromatopsia). This is a decrease in how well you see colors, especially red.

• #8 Optic Neuritis | North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society

  https://www.nanosweb.org/opticneuritis/

  Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve. In optic neuritis, the covering around the fibers of the optic nerve (myelin) is damaged by inflammation (demyelination), which typically results in blurred or dark vision. […] In optic neuritis, the eye itself is not affected, but the optic nerve behind the eye is inflamed. This may cause blurred vision, darkened vision, decreased color vision, or decreased peripheral vision. The most common symptom of optic neuritis is decreased vision, which happens suddenly or quickly over the course of several days. Many people describe the blurring and darkening of their vision as dimming or like the brightness is turned down. Optic neuritis does not affect your glasses prescription. […] Most people with optic neuritis will have eye pain or discomfort when looking in different directions. When the optic nerve is inflamed and the eye moves, there may be pulling on the optic nerve that can cause irritation. This pain typically goes away after several days.

• #9 What Is Optic Neuritis? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/vision/what-is-optic-neuritis-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Symptoms of optic neuritis may start suddenly or develop over several days. The condition usually affects only one eye; in rare instances, however, both can be involved. […] The most common symptom is pain when moving the eye around, which occurs in about 90 percent of people with optic neuritis, says Dr. Elmalem. […] In addition to pain, which can sometimes manifest as a dull ache behind the eye, optic neuritis symptoms include: Loss of vision (vision is blurry, dim, or otherwise reduced), Colors appear faded or dull, and red may start to look brown, Loss of side or peripheral vision, Flashing or flickering lights when you move your eyes. […] Vision problems may worsen if you engage in activities that make you hot. […] When someone who has optic neuritis becomes overheated in hot water, hot weather, saunas, or with exercise, the optic nerve conduction is even less efficient, Elmalem explains. This can cause temporary decreased vision and is called Uhthoffs phenomenon (also Uhthoff sign or syndrome).

• #10 Optic neuritis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_neuritis

  Patients with optic neuritis may experience dyschromatopsia which describes a range of color vision in the affected eye (especially red), with colors appearing subtly washed out compared to the other eye. […] Involvement of the optic nerve may be unilateral or bilateral, depending on the underlying etiology. […] For example, MS-optic neuritis often presents unilaterally while NMOSD-optic neuritis and MOGAD-optic neuritis more often present bilaterally. […] However not everyone who has optic neuritis has problems with their vision. […] Early symptoms that require investigation include symptoms from multiple sclerosis (twitching, lack of coordination, slurred speech, frequent episodes of partial vision loss or blurred vision), episodes of „disturbed/blackened” rather than blurry indicate moderate stage and require immediate medical attention to prevent further loss of vision. […] Many patients see full recovery but some see some lasting effects.

• #11

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis symptoms can include: […] You can have optic neuritis in one or both eyes. Symptoms may appear all of a sudden or develop gradually over a few days. They can include: Blurry vision, Dim vision, as if someone turned down the lights, Colors appearing dull and faded, Pain in the back of your eye socket, Pain when you move your eyes. […] Optic neuritis symptoms can be worse when you are hot or very tired. For instance, you might notice more symptoms when you exercise or take a bath. […] If optic neuritis is not treated, its symptoms can get worse. If you have optic neuritis symptoms, talk with your ophthalmologist.

• #12 Optic neuritis in MS: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325460

  Multiple sclerosis (MS) can damage the nerves that lead to the eye, resulting in optic neuritis. Optic neuritis MS symptoms include vision problems, painful eyes, and temporary vision loss. […] The symptoms of optic neuritis tend to develop quickly, between a few hours and a few days. Adults tend to experience symptoms in only one eye, but severe attacks can affect both eyes. Symptoms tend to gradually disappear over time, but some people may have lingering vision problems after an episode of optic neuritis. […] Symptoms of optic neuritis include blurred vision, eye pain, especially when moving the eyes, a dull, aching pain behind the eyes, trouble seeing to the side of the field of vision, dim vision, a perception of flashing lights, known as photopsia, reduced color vision, or a graying of color, a blind spot or blank spot in the center of vision, partial vision loss, which may be worse after exercise or if the air or body temperature rises.

• #13 Optic neuritis: from one medical student to another medical student

  http://eyerounds.org/tutorials/Optic-Neuritis/index.htm

  Optic neuritis is most commonly associated with the symptoms of vision loss and eye pain. Pain is present in many cases of optic neuritis (92% according to ONTT) and is usually most prominent with eye movement. Vision loss typically occurs over a period ranging from a few hours to days with a wide variety of visual field defects that can be seen; ranging from diffuse visual field loss to a cecocentral scotoma (a scotoma involving both the central vision and the natural blind spot simultaneously). […] In the ONTT vision decreased to a median of 20/60 initially and the majority of patients returned to 20/20 within one month. Although visual acuity typically returns to near normal, visual changes such as diminished color perception and decreased acuity in dim light often persist. […] Most patients (85%) with optic neuritis will have a final visual acuity in the affected eye of 20/25 or better with less than 1% of patients being legally blind in that eye. Visual symptoms are typically acute in onset and progress over the first couple of weeks. The majority of patients will begin to show rapid improvement in vision beginning in the 3rd or 4th week. Improvements can continue to be seen up to one year after the onset of optic neuritis. […] About 35% of patients will experience recurrent optic neuritis. Patients with optic neuritis who develop MS typically have a worse visual prognosis and a higher rate of recurrence.

• #14 What Are the Symptoms of Optic Neuritis?

  https://www.theeyefoundation.com/eye/symptoms-of-optic-neuritis

  Some individuals with optic neuritis may experience blurry or distorted vision. Objects may be out of focus, or straight lines may look as if they are curved, or objects may look larger or smaller than they really are. […] Optic neuritis may cause peripheral vision loss, which translates to finding it hard to see things in your peripheral vision in the side area. These effects can be rather severe and may affect routine tasks such as driving or walking. […] A few people may have light spots or even blinking even without the presence of an external source of light. This symptom is due to nerve irritation. […] Optic neuritis may lead to loss of vision at the centre of your visual field or peripheral vision. These dark or blurry areas can hinder a person to read or even recognize faces of people.

• #15 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320414

  Symptoms of optic neuritis can occur in one or both eyes and may include: blurred vision, dim vision, pain in the eye socket, pain while moving the eye, colors appearing dull. […] These symptoms can come on suddenly or gradually. Symptoms of optic neuritis may worsen when a person is hot or tired, for example, after exercise or during a hot bath. […] Vision loss is usually temporary. It typically improves on its own over several weeks or months, so no treatment may be necessary. However, vision loss could be permanent in some cases. […] Most people recover their sight without treatment over several weeks once the inflammation in the optic nerve dies down. This tends to be the case when optic neuritis does not relate to another underlying condition. […] Full recovery can take longer. In some instances, it may take up to a year after the first symptoms appear.

• #16 Optic neuritis – information, causes and treatment | RNIB | RNIB

  https://www.rnib.org.uk/your-eyes/eye-conditions-az/optic-neuritis/

  The initial improvement in vision happens as inflammation goes down and your optic nerve begins to recover. Recovery of your vision can happen quickly at first but may then slow down. Your vision may continue to improve over a period of six months to a year and by about nine to twelve months its likely to be clear what the final recovery of your vision is. […] Following an episode of optic neuritis, the ophthalmologist or optometrist may be able to see some lasting damage to the optic nerve when they examine the back of your eye or take an OCT scan. This lasting damage is known as optic atrophy. […] For some people this might mean that after an initial improvement they can still be left with some permanent visual changes. These can include colours appearing faded and reduced contrast sensitivity. […] More rarely, some people may not experience a great deal of improvement in vision and be left with reduced vision even after the inflammation has settled.

• #17 Optic neuritis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis usually affects one eye. Symptoms might include: […] Most people who develop optic neuritis have eye pain that’s worsened by eye movement. Sometimes the pain feels like a dull ache behind the eye. […] Most people have at least some temporary reduction in vision, but the extent of loss varies. Noticeable vision loss usually develops over hours or days and improves over several weeks to months. Vision loss is permanent in some people. […] Side vision loss can occur in any pattern, such as central vision loss or peripheral vision loss. […] Optic neuritis often affects color perception. You might notice that colors appear less vivid than normal. […] Some people with optic neuritis report seeing flashing or flickering lights with eye movements. […] Most people regain close to normal vision within six months after an optic neuritis episode.

• #18 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes, Tests, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/multiple-sclerosis/optic-neuritis-ms-vision

  When you have optic neuritis, the nerve that sends messages from your eye to your brain, called the optic nerve, is inflamed. […] Your vision gets dim or blurry. You cant see colors. Your eyes hurt when you move them. […] This condition usually comes on quickly, over a few hours or days. You may notice some of these symptoms: Pain when you move your eyes, Blurred vision, Loss of color vision, Trouble seeing to the side, A hole in the center of your vision, Rarely, blindness in one or both eyes, A dull ache behind your eyes, Your pupil reacts abnormally when it’s exposed to bright light, Flashing or flickering lights when you move your eyes. […] Some people get better in a few weeks, even without treatment. For others, it can take up to a year. And a few people never fully regain their sight. Even when other symptoms clear up, they may still have trouble with night vision or seeing colors.

• #19 Eyes – optic neuritis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eyes-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve that causes blurred, grey and dim vision. […] The symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent of the inflammation. […] Symptoms of optic neuritis can include: blurred vision, grey vision (colours seem faded), dim vision, pain in the back of the eye, especially during eye movement. […] Symptoms may worsen if you are hot, for example, after playing sport or showering. […] In many cases, optic neuritis is short-lived and resolves by itself without treatment in around four to 12 weeks. […] The degree of visual impairment experienced with optic neuritis depends on how many nerve fibres are inflamed the more nerve fibres affected, the worse the symptoms. Generally, eyesight deteriorates over a few days rather than suddenly. The peak of vision loss usually happens about a week after the symptoms first appear. […] Permanent damage to the optic nerve occurs in about 85 per cent of cases, but the damage does not always cause serious vision problems. The person’s vision improves once the inflammation subsides.

• #20 Optic Neuritis: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/acute-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis, or inflammation of the optic nerves, is a frequent cause of acute optic nerve injury in children and adults. Although optic neuritis is frequently associated with multiple sclerosis, there are many other causes of optic neuritis. Classically there is a triad of clinical features – reduced vision (of varying severity), eye pain (particularly on movement) and impaired colour vision. […] The onset is usually with pain on eye movement in one eye and subacute visual loss. In unilateral optic neuritis, the direct pupillary light reflex is weaker in the affected eye. […] Other symptoms present in multiple sclerosis optic neuritis are: varying degrees of vision reduction: from a mildly decreased visual acuity to complete vision loss. Light flashes (phosphenes or photopsias). Uhthoff’s phenomenon – increased symptoms with raised body temperature (hot environment or exercise). Pulfrich’s phenomenon – altered perception of the direction of movement; objects moving straight appear to have a curved trajectory, presumably due to asymmetrical conduction in optic nerves. Fatigue – fading of vision. […] One third of patients with optic neuritis have a mildly oedematous optic disc. The visual disturbance resolves in 95% of cases. A less favourable course may be evidence of neuromyelitis optica, and macular involvement may be evidence of neuroretinitis.

• #21 Adult Optic Neuritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1217083-overview

  Optic neuritis (ON) is a demyelinating inflammation of the optic nerve that often occurs in association with multiple sclerosis (MS) and, much less commonly, neuromyelitis optica (NMO). A gradual recovery of all or part of the visual acuity with time is characteristic of ON, although permanent residual deficits in color vision and contrast and brightness sensitivity are common. […] Classically, patients with ON are young, often are female, and have subacute vision loss associated with pain on eye movement. […] The patients history may reveal the following signs and symptoms of optic neuritis: Preceding viral illness, Rapidly developing impairment of vision in 1 eye or, much less commonly, both eyes, Dyschromatopsia (change in color perception) in the affected eye, which may occasionally be more prominent than decreased vision, Retro-orbital or ocular pain that occurs in association with the vision changes, which is usually exacerbated by eye movement and may precede vision loss, Uhthoff phenomenon, in which visual symptoms are exacerbated by heat or exercise, Pulfrich effect, in which objects moving in a straight line appear to have a curved trajectory when viewed with both eyes, presumably caused by asymmetric conduction between the optic nerves.

• #22 Optic Neuritis: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/acute-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis, or inflammation of the optic nerves, is a frequent cause of acute optic nerve injury in children and adults. Although optic neuritis is frequently associated with multiple sclerosis, there are many other causes of optic neuritis. Classically there is a triad of clinical features – reduced vision (of varying severity), eye pain (particularly on movement) and impaired colour vision. […] The onset is usually with pain on eye movement in one eye and subacute visual loss. In unilateral optic neuritis, the direct pupillary light reflex is weaker in the affected eye. […] Other symptoms present in multiple sclerosis optic neuritis are: varying degrees of vision reduction: from a mildly decreased visual acuity to complete vision loss. Light flashes (phosphenes or photopsias). Uhthoff’s phenomenon – increased symptoms with raised body temperature (hot environment or exercise). Pulfrich’s phenomenon – altered perception of the direction of movement; objects moving straight appear to have a curved trajectory, presumably due to asymmetrical conduction in optic nerves. Fatigue – fading of vision. […] One third of patients with optic neuritis have a mildly oedematous optic disc. The visual disturbance resolves in 95% of cases. A less favourable course may be evidence of neuromyelitis optica, and macular involvement may be evidence of neuroretinitis.

• #23 Demyelinating Optic Neuritis – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Demyelinating_Optic_Neuritis

  Demyelinating optic neuritis (ON) in an adult is one of the most common reasons for a young patient to seek consultation with a neuro-ophthalmologist. […] Typical (i.e., acute, unilateral vision loss, relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), pain with eye movement, and normal fundus exam in a young patient) ON will usually recover with good visual prognosis by a few weeks and normal or near normal visual function by 6-12 months. Lack of visual recovery or progressive visual loss is atypical for ON. […] ON is characterized by acute, unilateral decreased vision, optic nerve dysfunction (decreased central and/or peripheral vision, decreased color vision, decreased contrast/brightness sense, RAPD and tends to be associated with periorbital pain worse with eye movement. […] Acute vision loss that tends to worsen over days and nadirs around 2 weeks prior to improvement. Eye discomfort or pain particularly with eye movement (mild to severe).

• #24 Optic Neuritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557853/

  Optic neuritis is a vision-threatening disorder and often the first symptom of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Symptoms typically include sudden vision loss, eye pain (especially with eye movement), and changes in color perception. Some individuals may also experience the Marcus Gunn pupil, an abnormal response to light. […] The prognosis is generally positive, with most people experiencing partial or full recovery of vision within weeks to months. However, some may face persistent visual impairment, and the risk of recurrence or developing multiple sclerosis varies based on individual factors. […] Patients with optic neuritis typically present with a sudden onset of vision loss in 1 eye, although bilateral involvement can occur. The degree of visual loss varies, ranging from mild visual blurring to complete blindness in the affected eye. Pain, especially with eye movement, is a hallmark symptom of optic neuritis and often precedes visual impairment by a few days.

• #25 Patient’s Guide to Optic Neuritis – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/neurology/neuro-ophthalmology/optic-neuritis

  An episode of Optic Neuritis typically begins with eye pain, especially with eye movements. Within a few days, patients will notice blurred vision in the affected eye. Often this appears like a thumb-print or smudge that blurs the vision. Within a week, this may progress to darkening of part of the visual field. Reading can become difficult, especially if the central portion of the visual field is affected. In addition to blurred vision, most patients notice that colors appear less bright, or washed-out with the affected eye. […] The visual loss caused by Optic Neuritis usually worsens for 7-10 days and then gradually begins to improve between 1-3 months. Most patients with Optic Neuritis generally recover 20/20 (normal) visual acuity. However, patients in whom Optic Neuritis initially causes vision worse than 20/60 are at higher risk for having some permanent visual loss. In addition, even after patients with optic neuritis have recovered, there may still be subtle changes in their vision (such as reduced brightness for colors or reduced depth perception) despite regaining the ability to read the whole eye chart.

• #26 Optic neuritis | MS Trust

  https://mstrust.org.uk/a-z/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis usually comes on suddenly and causes blind spots or areas of poor vision in one eye. Colour vision or visual field can be severely affected. You might also have pain, particularly when you move your eyes. […] Optic neuritis generally gets worse over a few days and reaches a peak about two weeks from onset. After that, symptoms generally improve and you will usually have recovered within 4-6 weeks. However, you may find that problems with your vision persist longer than this.

• #27 Optic Neuritis | Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatments | SRNA

  https://wearesrna.org/living-with-myelitis/disease-information/optic-neuritis/

  Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory demyelinating condition of the central nervous system that results in the loss of vision and is associated with eye pain, loss of color vision and visual field deficits. […] ON can be the presenting feature of MS (15-20% of the time) and occurs in 50 percent of those diagnosed with MS at some point during their illness. […] ON is typically monocular (affecting one eye), though it can also affect both eyes sequentially or simultaneously. Bilateral ON tends to be more common in children younger than 15 years old.

• #28 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Optic Neuritis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4581115/

  Typical optic neuritis is often the presenting manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). […] The onset is usually with pain on eye movement in one eye and subacute visual loss. In unilateral optic neuritis, the direct pupillary light reflex is weaker in the affected eye. One-third of patients with optic neuritis have a mildly edematous optic disc. The visual disturbance resolves in 95% of cases. […] Typically, optic neuritis first manifests itself with pain on movement of the eyes, followed by a worsening of vision. […] The pain and worsening of vision are so disturbing that hardly any affected person waits to see whether they will improve spontaneously; patients tend to find their way to an ophthalmologist very early in the course of the disease. […] Pain on eye movement, the subacute onset of worsening of vision, a relative afferent pupillary defect, and normal-appearing fundus (with at most mild papilledema) are the typical symptoms and signs of optic neuritis.

• #29 Eyes – optic neuritis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eyes-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve that causes blurred, grey and dim vision. […] The symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent of the inflammation. […] Symptoms of optic neuritis can include: blurred vision, grey vision (colours seem faded), dim vision, pain in the back of the eye, especially during eye movement. […] Symptoms may worsen if you are hot, for example, after playing sport or showering. […] In many cases, optic neuritis is short-lived and resolves by itself without treatment in around four to 12 weeks. […] The degree of visual impairment experienced with optic neuritis depends on how many nerve fibres are inflamed the more nerve fibres affected, the worse the symptoms. Generally, eyesight deteriorates over a few days rather than suddenly. The peak of vision loss usually happens about a week after the symptoms first appear. […] Permanent damage to the optic nerve occurs in about 85 per cent of cases, but the damage does not always cause serious vision problems. The person’s vision improves once the inflammation subsides.

• #30 Optic neuritis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/966

  Optic neuritis (ON) may involve the retrobulbar (retrobulbar neuritis) or the intrabulbar (papillitis) portion of the optic nerve, or both. […] ON manifests as the subacute or acute onset of pain in the eye and pain with eye movements and loss of vision, typically with central or centrocecal scotoma that usually reaches a nadir at approximately 1-2 weeks. ON recovers over several months, with ultimate visual acuity that is possibly reduced but seldom severely so.

• #31 Optic Neuritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557853/

  Diagnosis of optic neuritis involves both clinical evaluation and imaging studies. […] The mainstay of treatment for optic neuritis is high-dose corticosteroids, typically administered intravenously for a short course, followed by an oral taper. […] Visual function returns to near-normal levels over weeks to months whether or not treatment is initiated. However, visual recovery is hastened when treated with corticosteroid therapy. […] While most patients experience significant visual recovery within 3 to 6 months, some may be left with subtle deficits, such as impaired contrast sensitivity or color vision. Long-term follow-up is essential, particularly in individuals at risk of developing multiple sclerosis or recurrent episodes of optic neuritis.

• #32 Demyelinating Optic Neuritis – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Demyelinating_Optic_Neuritis

  Visual prognosis is excellent with normal to near normal recovery. Patients may still complain of decreased brightness sense, contrast deficit, and loss of stereopsis. […] The vast majority (94%) of patients recover vision to 20/40 or better at 5 years. Only 3% of patients had 20/200 or worse visual outcomes at 5 years (based on the ONTT). […] Visual recovery tends to occur by 1 month after onset and the majority recover within 1-3 months. At 6 months, patients tend to have similar visual outcomes no matter if they were treated with IV steroids or placebo. Vision improvement can take up to one year. Prolonged pain with eye movement, lack of recovery, recurrence within 2 months would alert the physician to re-evaluate for atypical causes of ON such as sarcoidosis, syphilis or an idiopathic autoimmune steroid-responsive ON. […] Since ON is common among patients who have MS, (up to 75% have at least one episode of ON in their lifetime), these patients are at risk for developing CDMS.

• #33 Optic neuritis: from one medical student to another medical student

  http://eyerounds.org/tutorials/Optic-Neuritis/index.htm

  Optic neuritis is most commonly associated with the symptoms of vision loss and eye pain. Pain is present in many cases of optic neuritis (92% according to ONTT) and is usually most prominent with eye movement. Vision loss typically occurs over a period ranging from a few hours to days with a wide variety of visual field defects that can be seen; ranging from diffuse visual field loss to a cecocentral scotoma (a scotoma involving both the central vision and the natural blind spot simultaneously). […] In the ONTT vision decreased to a median of 20/60 initially and the majority of patients returned to 20/20 within one month. Although visual acuity typically returns to near normal, visual changes such as diminished color perception and decreased acuity in dim light often persist. […] Most patients (85%) with optic neuritis will have a final visual acuity in the affected eye of 20/25 or better with less than 1% of patients being legally blind in that eye. Visual symptoms are typically acute in onset and progress over the first couple of weeks. The majority of patients will begin to show rapid improvement in vision beginning in the 3rd or 4th week. Improvements can continue to be seen up to one year after the onset of optic neuritis. […] About 35% of patients will experience recurrent optic neuritis. Patients with optic neuritis who develop MS typically have a worse visual prognosis and a higher rate of recurrence.

• #34 Optic neuritis in MS: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325460

  The symptoms of optic neuritis tend to come in flares, getting worse for a short time before getting better. Symptoms may also flare up in response to hot or cold temperatures. […] According to the MS Society, 80% of people start to notice an improvement within 3 weeks of symptoms appearing and 90% start to recover within 5 weeks. […] The length of a symptom flare will vary in each case. Although many people will notice their symptoms go away completely within a few weeks, others may have symptoms for a year or longer after an attack. […] Many people fully recover their vision within several weeks or months, with or without treatment, and 90% of people start to feel better within 5 weeks. […] However, people with MS may have a risk of similar attacks later on. According to the MS Society, around half of people with MS who have optic neuritis will have another attack within 10 years. […] As MS progresses or severe attacks occur, changes in vision may become permanent.

• #35 Optic Neuritis | North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society

  https://www.nanosweb.org/opticneuritis/

  Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve. In optic neuritis, the covering around the fibers of the optic nerve (myelin) is damaged by inflammation (demyelination), which typically results in blurred or dark vision. […] In optic neuritis, the eye itself is not affected, but the optic nerve behind the eye is inflamed. This may cause blurred vision, darkened vision, decreased color vision, or decreased peripheral vision. The most common symptom of optic neuritis is decreased vision, which happens suddenly or quickly over the course of several days. Many people describe the blurring and darkening of their vision as dimming or like the brightness is turned down. Optic neuritis does not affect your glasses prescription. […] Most people with optic neuritis will have eye pain or discomfort when looking in different directions. When the optic nerve is inflamed and the eye moves, there may be pulling on the optic nerve that can cause irritation. This pain typically goes away after several days.

• #36 Living with Optic Neuritis | Help & Support

  https://www.guidedogs.org.uk/getting-support/information-and-advice/eye-conditions/optic-neuritis/living-with-optic-neuritis/

  Being diagnosed with optic neuritis can be a worrying time. Your sight can become blurred or faded, and you might feel some eye pain and discomfort at first. […] Most people start to recover within two weeks and recover as much as they are likely to within six to 12 months. Most people’s vision improves, but there can be lingering issues such as trouble with colour vision for some people. […] During the first few days of symptoms, eye pain which worsens with eye movement can be an issue. […] Optic neuritis can affect your sight, causing blurred vision and making objects appear faded. […] Your optic nerve can begin to heal within just weeks, but it can take up to 12 months to recover. This means you may spend some time living with optic neuritis and experiencing problems with your eyesight. […] While most people recover without lasting impact on their vision, some will experience ongoing problems after optic neuritis. […] Eye pain is one of the symptoms of optic neuritis. It generally subsides quite quickly, but you can take over-the-counter painkillers to relieve your pain until then.

• #37 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14256-optic-neuritis

  Typical optic neuritis is usually a short-term concern. The pain from it usually goes away within days (sometimes weeks), and treatment may speed that up. Most people get back clarity, sharpness and color vision over time, too. That can take as little as two weeks or as long as three months. […] Atypical optic neuritis tends to be more severe, and the effects usually last longer, especially without treatment. Some people may go for six weeks or more without vision recovery, and it could be permanent, so getting this condition diagnosed and treated quickly is very important. […] The outlook for optic neuritis varies, especially when it comes to the form you have: Typical optic neuritis. About 90% of people will have normal or near-normal vision after six to 12 months. Long-term vision loss or issues are possible, but they arent common. The outcome is usually positive when IV anti-inflammatory treatments start sooner rather than later. Atypical optic neuritis. The outlook for this form can vary depending on the specific underlying cause. In general, the outlook is worse when there are delays in treatment. Pediatric optic neuritis. The outlook for children with optic neuritis is usually better than for adults. Children are less likely to have long-term impacts from optic neuritis. But, like with adults, theres still a risk that optic neuritis may be the first warning sign of MS. The 40-year risk of getting an MS diagnosis after having optic neuritis in childhood is about 26%.

• #38 Optic Neuritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557853/

  Diagnosis of optic neuritis involves both clinical evaluation and imaging studies. […] The mainstay of treatment for optic neuritis is high-dose corticosteroids, typically administered intravenously for a short course, followed by an oral taper. […] Visual function returns to near-normal levels over weeks to months whether or not treatment is initiated. However, visual recovery is hastened when treated with corticosteroid therapy. […] While most patients experience significant visual recovery within 3 to 6 months, some may be left with subtle deficits, such as impaired contrast sensitivity or color vision. Long-term follow-up is essential, particularly in individuals at risk of developing multiple sclerosis or recurrent episodes of optic neuritis.

• #39 Optic neuritis in MS: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325460

  The symptoms of optic neuritis tend to come in flares, getting worse for a short time before getting better. Symptoms may also flare up in response to hot or cold temperatures. […] According to the MS Society, 80% of people start to notice an improvement within 3 weeks of symptoms appearing and 90% start to recover within 5 weeks. […] The length of a symptom flare will vary in each case. Although many people will notice their symptoms go away completely within a few weeks, others may have symptoms for a year or longer after an attack. […] Many people fully recover their vision within several weeks or months, with or without treatment, and 90% of people start to feel better within 5 weeks. […] However, people with MS may have a risk of similar attacks later on. According to the MS Society, around half of people with MS who have optic neuritis will have another attack within 10 years. […] As MS progresses or severe attacks occur, changes in vision may become permanent.

• #40 Optic Neuritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557853/

  Diagnosis of optic neuritis involves both clinical evaluation and imaging studies. […] The mainstay of treatment for optic neuritis is high-dose corticosteroids, typically administered intravenously for a short course, followed by an oral taper. […] Visual function returns to near-normal levels over weeks to months whether or not treatment is initiated. However, visual recovery is hastened when treated with corticosteroid therapy. […] While most patients experience significant visual recovery within 3 to 6 months, some may be left with subtle deficits, such as impaired contrast sensitivity or color vision. Long-term follow-up is essential, particularly in individuals at risk of developing multiple sclerosis or recurrent episodes of optic neuritis.

• #41 Optic neuritis – information, causes and treatment | RNIB | RNIB

  https://www.rnib.org.uk/your-eyes/eye-conditions-az/optic-neuritis/

  The initial improvement in vision happens as inflammation goes down and your optic nerve begins to recover. Recovery of your vision can happen quickly at first but may then slow down. Your vision may continue to improve over a period of six months to a year and by about nine to twelve months its likely to be clear what the final recovery of your vision is. […] Following an episode of optic neuritis, the ophthalmologist or optometrist may be able to see some lasting damage to the optic nerve when they examine the back of your eye or take an OCT scan. This lasting damage is known as optic atrophy. […] For some people this might mean that after an initial improvement they can still be left with some permanent visual changes. These can include colours appearing faded and reduced contrast sensitivity. […] More rarely, some people may not experience a great deal of improvement in vision and be left with reduced vision even after the inflammation has settled.

• #42 Demyelinating Optic Neuritis – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Demyelinating_Optic_Neuritis

  Visual prognosis is excellent with normal to near normal recovery. Patients may still complain of decreased brightness sense, contrast deficit, and loss of stereopsis. […] The vast majority (94%) of patients recover vision to 20/40 or better at 5 years. Only 3% of patients had 20/200 or worse visual outcomes at 5 years (based on the ONTT). […] Visual recovery tends to occur by 1 month after onset and the majority recover within 1-3 months. At 6 months, patients tend to have similar visual outcomes no matter if they were treated with IV steroids or placebo. Vision improvement can take up to one year. Prolonged pain with eye movement, lack of recovery, recurrence within 2 months would alert the physician to re-evaluate for atypical causes of ON such as sarcoidosis, syphilis or an idiopathic autoimmune steroid-responsive ON. […] Since ON is common among patients who have MS, (up to 75% have at least one episode of ON in their lifetime), these patients are at risk for developing CDMS.

• #43 Optic Neuritis: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/acute-optic-neuritis

  The prognosis for vision is generally good. The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT), was a large study with 15-year follow-up, and found that: 93% of patients showed improvement within five weeks of onset; vision continued to improve for up to one year. One year after onset, 93% had visual acuity better than 6/12 in the affected eye. At 15-year follow-up, 92% had acuity better than 6/12 in the affected eye, and only 1% had vision worse than 6/60 in both eyes. The severity of initial visual loss seems to be related to the final visual outcome; however, even with initial visual acuity of 6/60, 85% recover vision to 6/12 or better. More recent studies show most patients maintaining a visual acuity over 20/200 with a progressive visual loss over two weeks before stabilizing. Approximately 72% of patients are able to maintain visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes at a 15-year follow-up. […] NMOSD displays the worst prognosis. NMOSD-related ON will lead to worsening results with each recurrent episode. The initial ON attack will leave 20%-30% of patients with 20/200 or worse visual acuity (functionally blind), and 70% of patients experiencing relapses will have a visual acuity of 20/200 or worse.

• #44 Optic Neuritis | Your Eye HealthFacebookYouTubeInstagramLinkedInPinterest

  https://www.guidedogs.org.uk/getting-support/information-and-advice/eye-conditions/optic-neuritis/

  Optic neuritis often heals without treatment, and most people’s vision starts to improve within two weeks. Much of the improvement typically happens within one month, but it can take up to a year. Most people recover with good vision. […] Optic neuritis typically heals without treatment. A major clinical study (the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial, or ONTT) found that most people begin to recover after two weeks. The vast majority of improvement happens within one month but can continue for up to a year, and 82% of patients made a good visual recovery. […] Most optic neuritis cases get better without treatment, and most people start to recover within two weeks. Sometimes it can take longer to heal (up to 12 months). A few people will have lasting optic nerve damage and ongoing vision problems. […] There is an association between optic neuritis and MS. It’s the first symptom for around one in four people with multiple sclerosis, but not everyone with optic neuritis goes on to develop MS.

• #45 Optic Neuritis Clinical Guide | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/neurological/depts/multiple-sclerosis/ms-approaches/optic-neuritis

  Visual acuity tends to recover over a period of weeks, and begins 2-4 weeks after onset. The prognosis for subjective visual recovery after acute demyelinating optic neuritis due to MS is generally good, and recovery begins within 2 to 4 weeks. However, objective evidence including low contrast letter acuity and OCT measures demonstrate longstanding evidence of damage following each ON episode. […] Following an episode of typical ON, patients can be followed using several clinical and imaging modalities to monitor recovery.

• #46 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14256-optic-neuritis

  Typical optic neuritis is usually a short-term concern. The pain from it usually goes away within days (sometimes weeks), and treatment may speed that up. Most people get back clarity, sharpness and color vision over time, too. That can take as little as two weeks or as long as three months. […] Atypical optic neuritis tends to be more severe, and the effects usually last longer, especially without treatment. Some people may go for six weeks or more without vision recovery, and it could be permanent, so getting this condition diagnosed and treated quickly is very important. […] The outlook for optic neuritis varies, especially when it comes to the form you have: Typical optic neuritis. About 90% of people will have normal or near-normal vision after six to 12 months. Long-term vision loss or issues are possible, but they arent common. The outcome is usually positive when IV anti-inflammatory treatments start sooner rather than later. Atypical optic neuritis. The outlook for this form can vary depending on the specific underlying cause. In general, the outlook is worse when there are delays in treatment. Pediatric optic neuritis. The outlook for children with optic neuritis is usually better than for adults. Children are less likely to have long-term impacts from optic neuritis. But, like with adults, theres still a risk that optic neuritis may be the first warning sign of MS. The 40-year risk of getting an MS diagnosis after having optic neuritis in childhood is about 26%.

• #47 Diagnostic Approach to Atypical Optic Neuritis – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Diagnostic_Approach_to_Atypical_Optic_Neuritis

  The prognosis depends on the underlying etiology. As noted above, the visual loss in typical ON usually recovers and the most common etiology is MS. In atypical ON however the prognosis depends upon the underlying etiology. […] Patients with bilateral visual loss, a painless presentation, or a severe swollen optic nerve are features of atypical ON. Cranial and orbital MRI demonstrates a short segment of enhancement of the optic nerve in typical ON and may show demyelinating white matter lesions in cases secondary to MS. Atypical radiographic presentations for ON include longitudinally extensive enhancement of the optic nerve, posterior involvement (optic chiasm or optic tract) or bilateral involvement. In addition, enhancement of the optic sheath or the orbital fat is atypical for demyelinating or idiopathic ON.

• #48 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14256-optic-neuritis

  Typical optic neuritis is usually a short-term concern. The pain from it usually goes away within days (sometimes weeks), and treatment may speed that up. Most people get back clarity, sharpness and color vision over time, too. That can take as little as two weeks or as long as three months. […] Atypical optic neuritis tends to be more severe, and the effects usually last longer, especially without treatment. Some people may go for six weeks or more without vision recovery, and it could be permanent, so getting this condition diagnosed and treated quickly is very important. […] The outlook for optic neuritis varies, especially when it comes to the form you have: Typical optic neuritis. About 90% of people will have normal or near-normal vision after six to 12 months. Long-term vision loss or issues are possible, but they arent common. The outcome is usually positive when IV anti-inflammatory treatments start sooner rather than later. Atypical optic neuritis. The outlook for this form can vary depending on the specific underlying cause. In general, the outlook is worse when there are delays in treatment. Pediatric optic neuritis. The outlook for children with optic neuritis is usually better than for adults. Children are less likely to have long-term impacts from optic neuritis. But, like with adults, theres still a risk that optic neuritis may be the first warning sign of MS. The 40-year risk of getting an MS diagnosis after having optic neuritis in childhood is about 26%.

• #49 Optic neuritis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/optic-neuritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354958

  You’re likely to see an ophthalmologist for a diagnosis, which is generally based on your medical history and an exam. […] The optic disk becomes swollen in about one-third of people with optic neuritis. […] If you have optic neuritis, and you have two or more brain lesions evident on MRI scans, you might benefit from multiple sclerosis medications, such as interferon beta-1a or interferon beta-1b, that may delay or help prevent multiple sclerosis (MS). […] Most people regain close to normal vision within six months after an optic neuritis episode. […] People whose optic neuritis returns have a greater risk of developing MS, neuromyelitis optica or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disorder.

• #50 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14256-optic-neuritis

  Typical optic neuritis is usually a short-term concern. The pain from it usually goes away within days (sometimes weeks), and treatment may speed that up. Most people get back clarity, sharpness and color vision over time, too. That can take as little as two weeks or as long as three months. […] Atypical optic neuritis tends to be more severe, and the effects usually last longer, especially without treatment. Some people may go for six weeks or more without vision recovery, and it could be permanent, so getting this condition diagnosed and treated quickly is very important. […] The outlook for optic neuritis varies, especially when it comes to the form you have: Typical optic neuritis. About 90% of people will have normal or near-normal vision after six to 12 months. Long-term vision loss or issues are possible, but they arent common. The outcome is usually positive when IV anti-inflammatory treatments start sooner rather than later. Atypical optic neuritis. The outlook for this form can vary depending on the specific underlying cause. In general, the outlook is worse when there are delays in treatment. Pediatric optic neuritis. The outlook for children with optic neuritis is usually better than for adults. Children are less likely to have long-term impacts from optic neuritis. But, like with adults, theres still a risk that optic neuritis may be the first warning sign of MS. The 40-year risk of getting an MS diagnosis after having optic neuritis in childhood is about 26%.

• #51 Optic Neuritis: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/acute-optic-neuritis

  The prognosis for vision is generally good. The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT), was a large study with 15-year follow-up, and found that: 93% of patients showed improvement within five weeks of onset; vision continued to improve for up to one year. One year after onset, 93% had visual acuity better than 6/12 in the affected eye. At 15-year follow-up, 92% had acuity better than 6/12 in the affected eye, and only 1% had vision worse than 6/60 in both eyes. The severity of initial visual loss seems to be related to the final visual outcome; however, even with initial visual acuity of 6/60, 85% recover vision to 6/12 or better. More recent studies show most patients maintaining a visual acuity over 20/200 with a progressive visual loss over two weeks before stabilizing. Approximately 72% of patients are able to maintain visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes at a 15-year follow-up. […] NMOSD displays the worst prognosis. NMOSD-related ON will lead to worsening results with each recurrent episode. The initial ON attack will leave 20%-30% of patients with 20/200 or worse visual acuity (functionally blind), and 70% of patients experiencing relapses will have a visual acuity of 20/200 or worse.

• #52 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14256-optic-neuritis

  Typical optic neuritis is usually a short-term concern. The pain from it usually goes away within days (sometimes weeks), and treatment may speed that up. Most people get back clarity, sharpness and color vision over time, too. That can take as little as two weeks or as long as three months. […] Atypical optic neuritis tends to be more severe, and the effects usually last longer, especially without treatment. Some people may go for six weeks or more without vision recovery, and it could be permanent, so getting this condition diagnosed and treated quickly is very important. […] The outlook for optic neuritis varies, especially when it comes to the form you have: Typical optic neuritis. About 90% of people will have normal or near-normal vision after six to 12 months. Long-term vision loss or issues are possible, but they arent common. The outcome is usually positive when IV anti-inflammatory treatments start sooner rather than later. Atypical optic neuritis. The outlook for this form can vary depending on the specific underlying cause. In general, the outlook is worse when there are delays in treatment. Pediatric optic neuritis. The outlook for children with optic neuritis is usually better than for adults. Children are less likely to have long-term impacts from optic neuritis. But, like with adults, theres still a risk that optic neuritis may be the first warning sign of MS. The 40-year risk of getting an MS diagnosis after having optic neuritis in childhood is about 26%.

• #53 Optic Neuritis | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/o/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis can cause mild to severe vision loss. It is rare in children. It affects about one in 200,000 children. […] Symptoms can be different from child to child. Common symptoms of optic neuritis in children include: Rapid and severe decrease in vision in one or both eyes, Headaches, Pain with eye movement, Decreased central vision (looking straight ahead), Reduced ability to see colors or brightness especially reds or greens. […] With correct diagnosis and treatment, most children get all their eyesight back. However, up to 24% of children don’t fully recover their vision. This happens if there is a delay in diagnosis or in getting the right treatment. […] With certain syndromes, it is possible that optic neuritis can happen again and cause more damage to the nerve. Also, some causes of optic neuritis, such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO), can create severe vision loss.

• #54 Patient’s Guide to Optic Neuritis – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/neurology/neuro-ophthalmology/optic-neuritis

  An episode of Optic Neuritis typically begins with eye pain, especially with eye movements. Within a few days, patients will notice blurred vision in the affected eye. Often this appears like a thumb-print or smudge that blurs the vision. Within a week, this may progress to darkening of part of the visual field. Reading can become difficult, especially if the central portion of the visual field is affected. In addition to blurred vision, most patients notice that colors appear less bright, or washed-out with the affected eye. […] The visual loss caused by Optic Neuritis usually worsens for 7-10 days and then gradually begins to improve between 1-3 months. Most patients with Optic Neuritis generally recover 20/20 (normal) visual acuity. However, patients in whom Optic Neuritis initially causes vision worse than 20/60 are at higher risk for having some permanent visual loss. In addition, even after patients with optic neuritis have recovered, there may still be subtle changes in their vision (such as reduced brightness for colors or reduced depth perception) despite regaining the ability to read the whole eye chart.

• #55 Optic Neuritis | North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society

  https://www.nanosweb.org/opticneuritis/

  Decreased color vision is also common. Colors are often described as washed out. Difficulty seeing contrast is also common. Some people will see flashes of light, sparkles, or shifting squares. Some people will have episodes of blurred vision lasting up to an hour triggered by exercise or hot temperatures, which may continue after the episode of optic neuritis has resolved because of residual damage to the optic nerve. […] Most people with typical cases of optic neuritis will get better with or without treatment. Vision typically begins to recover within a few weeks. 92% of people with typical cases of optic neuritis will recover most of their vision. However, most people will continue to report some mild decreased quality of their vision, even though they may still read the small letters on the 20/20 line in the doctors office. These changes are typically related to reduced color vision, distorted vision, or difficulty with contrast (distinguishing shades of light and dark).

• #56 Optic neuritis: from one medical student to another medical student

  http://eyerounds.org/tutorials/Optic-Neuritis/index.htm

  Optic neuritis is most commonly associated with the symptoms of vision loss and eye pain. Pain is present in many cases of optic neuritis (92% according to ONTT) and is usually most prominent with eye movement. Vision loss typically occurs over a period ranging from a few hours to days with a wide variety of visual field defects that can be seen; ranging from diffuse visual field loss to a cecocentral scotoma (a scotoma involving both the central vision and the natural blind spot simultaneously). […] In the ONTT vision decreased to a median of 20/60 initially and the majority of patients returned to 20/20 within one month. Although visual acuity typically returns to near normal, visual changes such as diminished color perception and decreased acuity in dim light often persist. […] Most patients (85%) with optic neuritis will have a final visual acuity in the affected eye of 20/25 or better with less than 1% of patients being legally blind in that eye. Visual symptoms are typically acute in onset and progress over the first couple of weeks. The majority of patients will begin to show rapid improvement in vision beginning in the 3rd or 4th week. Improvements can continue to be seen up to one year after the onset of optic neuritis. […] About 35% of patients will experience recurrent optic neuritis. Patients with optic neuritis who develop MS typically have a worse visual prognosis and a higher rate of recurrence.

• #57 Optic neuritis – information, causes and treatment | RNIB | RNIB

  https://www.rnib.org.uk/your-eyes/eye-conditions-az/optic-neuritis/

  The initial improvement in vision happens as inflammation goes down and your optic nerve begins to recover. Recovery of your vision can happen quickly at first but may then slow down. Your vision may continue to improve over a period of six months to a year and by about nine to twelve months its likely to be clear what the final recovery of your vision is. […] Following an episode of optic neuritis, the ophthalmologist or optometrist may be able to see some lasting damage to the optic nerve when they examine the back of your eye or take an OCT scan. This lasting damage is known as optic atrophy. […] For some people this might mean that after an initial improvement they can still be left with some permanent visual changes. These can include colours appearing faded and reduced contrast sensitivity. […] More rarely, some people may not experience a great deal of improvement in vision and be left with reduced vision even after the inflammation has settled.

• #58 Optic Neuritis progression | PortalCLÍNIC

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/optic-neuritis/disease-progression

  Neuritis may have flare-ups, which means approximately 25% of patients who have experienced neuritis will have another episode in their lifetime. A person who has had an acute episode or flare-up may experience improvement in their vision up to 6 months after the onset of visual loss. […] The after effects that may remain after neuritis are: blurred vision in the eye with neuritis, seeing colours as duller, decreased contrast, decreased depth perception or loss of some areas of the visual field. […] The signs and symptoms of optic neuritis may be the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis, or may appear in a person who has already been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. […] The complications of optic neuritis include: Optic nerve injury: the majority of people who have had neuritis have some permanent impact on the optic nerve that can cause permanent symptoms. […] Decreased visual acuity: most people regain normal vision within the first few months, but a partial loss of the ability to distinguish between colours may persist.

• #59 Optic Neuritis | North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society

  https://www.nanosweb.org/opticneuritis/

  Decreased color vision is also common. Colors are often described as washed out. Difficulty seeing contrast is also common. Some people will see flashes of light, sparkles, or shifting squares. Some people will have episodes of blurred vision lasting up to an hour triggered by exercise or hot temperatures, which may continue after the episode of optic neuritis has resolved because of residual damage to the optic nerve. […] Most people with typical cases of optic neuritis will get better with or without treatment. Vision typically begins to recover within a few weeks. 92% of people with typical cases of optic neuritis will recover most of their vision. However, most people will continue to report some mild decreased quality of their vision, even though they may still read the small letters on the 20/20 line in the doctors office. These changes are typically related to reduced color vision, distorted vision, or difficulty with contrast (distinguishing shades of light and dark).

• #60 Optic Neuritis progression | PortalCLÍNIC

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/optic-neuritis/disease-progression

  Neuritis may have flare-ups, which means approximately 25% of patients who have experienced neuritis will have another episode in their lifetime. A person who has had an acute episode or flare-up may experience improvement in their vision up to 6 months after the onset of visual loss. […] The after effects that may remain after neuritis are: blurred vision in the eye with neuritis, seeing colours as duller, decreased contrast, decreased depth perception or loss of some areas of the visual field. […] The signs and symptoms of optic neuritis may be the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis, or may appear in a person who has already been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. […] The complications of optic neuritis include: Optic nerve injury: the majority of people who have had neuritis have some permanent impact on the optic nerve that can cause permanent symptoms. […] Decreased visual acuity: most people regain normal vision within the first few months, but a partial loss of the ability to distinguish between colours may persist.

• #61 Demyelinating Optic Neuritis – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Demyelinating_Optic_Neuritis

  Visual prognosis is excellent with normal to near normal recovery. Patients may still complain of decreased brightness sense, contrast deficit, and loss of stereopsis. […] The vast majority (94%) of patients recover vision to 20/40 or better at 5 years. Only 3% of patients had 20/200 or worse visual outcomes at 5 years (based on the ONTT). […] Visual recovery tends to occur by 1 month after onset and the majority recover within 1-3 months. At 6 months, patients tend to have similar visual outcomes no matter if they were treated with IV steroids or placebo. Vision improvement can take up to one year. Prolonged pain with eye movement, lack of recovery, recurrence within 2 months would alert the physician to re-evaluate for atypical causes of ON such as sarcoidosis, syphilis or an idiopathic autoimmune steroid-responsive ON. […] Since ON is common among patients who have MS, (up to 75% have at least one episode of ON in their lifetime), these patients are at risk for developing CDMS.

• #62 Optic neuritis: from one medical student to another medical student

  http://eyerounds.org/tutorials/Optic-Neuritis/index.htm

  Optic neuritis is most commonly associated with the symptoms of vision loss and eye pain. Pain is present in many cases of optic neuritis (92% according to ONTT) and is usually most prominent with eye movement. Vision loss typically occurs over a period ranging from a few hours to days with a wide variety of visual field defects that can be seen; ranging from diffuse visual field loss to a cecocentral scotoma (a scotoma involving both the central vision and the natural blind spot simultaneously). […] In the ONTT vision decreased to a median of 20/60 initially and the majority of patients returned to 20/20 within one month. Although visual acuity typically returns to near normal, visual changes such as diminished color perception and decreased acuity in dim light often persist. […] Most patients (85%) with optic neuritis will have a final visual acuity in the affected eye of 20/25 or better with less than 1% of patients being legally blind in that eye. Visual symptoms are typically acute in onset and progress over the first couple of weeks. The majority of patients will begin to show rapid improvement in vision beginning in the 3rd or 4th week. Improvements can continue to be seen up to one year after the onset of optic neuritis. […] About 35% of patients will experience recurrent optic neuritis. Patients with optic neuritis who develop MS typically have a worse visual prognosis and a higher rate of recurrence.

• #63 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes, Tests, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/multiple-sclerosis/optic-neuritis-ms-vision

  When you have optic neuritis, the nerve that sends messages from your eye to your brain, called the optic nerve, is inflamed. […] Your vision gets dim or blurry. You cant see colors. Your eyes hurt when you move them. […] This condition usually comes on quickly, over a few hours or days. You may notice some of these symptoms: Pain when you move your eyes, Blurred vision, Loss of color vision, Trouble seeing to the side, A hole in the center of your vision, Rarely, blindness in one or both eyes, A dull ache behind your eyes, Your pupil reacts abnormally when it’s exposed to bright light, Flashing or flickering lights when you move your eyes. […] Some people get better in a few weeks, even without treatment. For others, it can take up to a year. And a few people never fully regain their sight. Even when other symptoms clear up, they may still have trouble with night vision or seeing colors.

• #64 Optic Neuritis progression | PortalCLÍNIC

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/optic-neuritis/disease-progression

  Neuritis may have flare-ups, which means approximately 25% of patients who have experienced neuritis will have another episode in their lifetime. A person who has had an acute episode or flare-up may experience improvement in their vision up to 6 months after the onset of visual loss. […] The after effects that may remain after neuritis are: blurred vision in the eye with neuritis, seeing colours as duller, decreased contrast, decreased depth perception or loss of some areas of the visual field. […] The signs and symptoms of optic neuritis may be the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis, or may appear in a person who has already been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. […] The complications of optic neuritis include: Optic nerve injury: the majority of people who have had neuritis have some permanent impact on the optic nerve that can cause permanent symptoms. […] Decreased visual acuity: most people regain normal vision within the first few months, but a partial loss of the ability to distinguish between colours may persist.

• #65 Optic neuritis – symptoms, causes and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is inflammation of your optic nerve (the nerve that sends visual information from your eyes to your brain). It causes eye pain and problems with your vision. […] Symptoms of optic neuritis can include: pain in, around or behind your eye, eye pain that feels worse when you move your eye, blurred vision in one eye, colours appearing washed out, faded or dull, flashing or flickering lights when you move your eye, blind spots or areas of poor vision surrounded by normal vision, a sudden loss of vision. The symptoms usually come on over several days and get worse over about 2 weeks. […] Optic neuritis can get better on its own, in a few weeks or months. Treatment with corticosteroids can help speed up your recovery. But treatment doesn’t affect how much vision you will recover in the long term. […] Some people with optic neuritis have long-lasting problems with their vision. But vision is rarely severely affected. People who have had optic neuritis have a risk of recurrence (getting it again). There is also an increased risk of getting multiple sclerosis.

• #66 Patient’s Guide to Optic Neuritis – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/neurology/neuro-ophthalmology/optic-neuritis

  An episode of Optic Neuritis typically begins with eye pain, especially with eye movements. Within a few days, patients will notice blurred vision in the affected eye. Often this appears like a thumb-print or smudge that blurs the vision. Within a week, this may progress to darkening of part of the visual field. Reading can become difficult, especially if the central portion of the visual field is affected. In addition to blurred vision, most patients notice that colors appear less bright, or washed-out with the affected eye. […] The visual loss caused by Optic Neuritis usually worsens for 7-10 days and then gradually begins to improve between 1-3 months. Most patients with Optic Neuritis generally recover 20/20 (normal) visual acuity. However, patients in whom Optic Neuritis initially causes vision worse than 20/60 are at higher risk for having some permanent visual loss. In addition, even after patients with optic neuritis have recovered, there may still be subtle changes in their vision (such as reduced brightness for colors or reduced depth perception) despite regaining the ability to read the whole eye chart.

• #67 Demyelinating Optic Neuritis – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Demyelinating_Optic_Neuritis

  Visual prognosis is excellent with normal to near normal recovery. Patients may still complain of decreased brightness sense, contrast deficit, and loss of stereopsis. […] The vast majority (94%) of patients recover vision to 20/40 or better at 5 years. Only 3% of patients had 20/200 or worse visual outcomes at 5 years (based on the ONTT). […] Visual recovery tends to occur by 1 month after onset and the majority recover within 1-3 months. At 6 months, patients tend to have similar visual outcomes no matter if they were treated with IV steroids or placebo. Vision improvement can take up to one year. Prolonged pain with eye movement, lack of recovery, recurrence within 2 months would alert the physician to re-evaluate for atypical causes of ON such as sarcoidosis, syphilis or an idiopathic autoimmune steroid-responsive ON. […] Since ON is common among patients who have MS, (up to 75% have at least one episode of ON in their lifetime), these patients are at risk for developing CDMS.

• #68 Optic neuritis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/optic-neuritis

  People whose optic neuritis returns have a greater risk of developing MS, neuromyelitis optica or MOG antibody associated disorder. Optic neuritis can recur in people without underlying conditions, and those people generally have a better long-term prognosis for their vision than do people with MS or neuromyelitis optica.

• #69 Optic neuritis – symptoms, causes and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is inflammation of your optic nerve (the nerve that sends visual information from your eyes to your brain). It causes eye pain and problems with your vision. […] Symptoms of optic neuritis can include: pain in, around or behind your eye, eye pain that feels worse when you move your eye, blurred vision in one eye, colours appearing washed out, faded or dull, flashing or flickering lights when you move your eye, blind spots or areas of poor vision surrounded by normal vision, a sudden loss of vision. The symptoms usually come on over several days and get worse over about 2 weeks. […] Optic neuritis can get better on its own, in a few weeks or months. Treatment with corticosteroids can help speed up your recovery. But treatment doesn’t affect how much vision you will recover in the long term. […] Some people with optic neuritis have long-lasting problems with their vision. But vision is rarely severely affected. People who have had optic neuritis have a risk of recurrence (getting it again). There is also an increased risk of getting multiple sclerosis.

• #70 Eyes – optic neuritis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eyes-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve that causes blurred, grey and dim vision. […] The symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent of the inflammation. […] Symptoms of optic neuritis can include: blurred vision, grey vision (colours seem faded), dim vision, pain in the back of the eye, especially during eye movement. […] Symptoms may worsen if you are hot, for example, after playing sport or showering. […] In many cases, optic neuritis is short-lived and resolves by itself without treatment in around four to 12 weeks. […] The degree of visual impairment experienced with optic neuritis depends on how many nerve fibres are inflamed the more nerve fibres affected, the worse the symptoms. Generally, eyesight deteriorates over a few days rather than suddenly. The peak of vision loss usually happens about a week after the symptoms first appear. […] Permanent damage to the optic nerve occurs in about 85 per cent of cases, but the damage does not always cause serious vision problems. The person’s vision improves once the inflammation subsides.

• #71 Optic neuritis – information, causes and treatment | RNIB | RNIB

  https://www.rnib.org.uk/your-eyes/eye-conditions-az/optic-neuritis/

  The initial improvement in vision happens as inflammation goes down and your optic nerve begins to recover. Recovery of your vision can happen quickly at first but may then slow down. Your vision may continue to improve over a period of six months to a year and by about nine to twelve months its likely to be clear what the final recovery of your vision is. […] Following an episode of optic neuritis, the ophthalmologist or optometrist may be able to see some lasting damage to the optic nerve when they examine the back of your eye or take an OCT scan. This lasting damage is known as optic atrophy. […] For some people this might mean that after an initial improvement they can still be left with some permanent visual changes. These can include colours appearing faded and reduced contrast sensitivity. […] More rarely, some people may not experience a great deal of improvement in vision and be left with reduced vision even after the inflammation has settled.

• #72 Optic neuritis: from one medical student to another medical student

  http://eyerounds.org/tutorials/Optic-Neuritis/index.htm

  Optic neuritis is most commonly associated with the symptoms of vision loss and eye pain. Pain is present in many cases of optic neuritis (92% according to ONTT) and is usually most prominent with eye movement. Vision loss typically occurs over a period ranging from a few hours to days with a wide variety of visual field defects that can be seen; ranging from diffuse visual field loss to a cecocentral scotoma (a scotoma involving both the central vision and the natural blind spot simultaneously). […] In the ONTT vision decreased to a median of 20/60 initially and the majority of patients returned to 20/20 within one month. Although visual acuity typically returns to near normal, visual changes such as diminished color perception and decreased acuity in dim light often persist. […] Most patients (85%) with optic neuritis will have a final visual acuity in the affected eye of 20/25 or better with less than 1% of patients being legally blind in that eye. Visual symptoms are typically acute in onset and progress over the first couple of weeks. The majority of patients will begin to show rapid improvement in vision beginning in the 3rd or 4th week. Improvements can continue to be seen up to one year after the onset of optic neuritis. […] About 35% of patients will experience recurrent optic neuritis. Patients with optic neuritis who develop MS typically have a worse visual prognosis and a higher rate of recurrence.

• #73 Optic Neuritis | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/optic-neuritis

  Some of the symptoms of optic neuritis include: […] Decreased visual acuity or vision loss […] Eye pain and impairment of color vision (dyschromatopsia)* […] Improvement of vision begins within two to three weeks of occurrence and continues to improve over months. […] As many as 80 percent of people affected with optic neuritis will regain at least 20/30 vision 45 percent of those affected will regain 20/30 vision within the first four months; the other 35 percent within the first year. […] Reoccurrence of optic neuritis is not uncommon. In the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT), which followed a group of patients with acute unilateral optic neuritis, 28 percent of patients experienced a recurrence of optic neuritis within five years and 35 percent within 10 years. Those with recurrences were more likely to progress to a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

• #74 Adult Optic Neuritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1217083-overview

  The 10-year risk of developing clinically definite MS after a single episode of ON was 38% in the entire Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) study group; the 12-year risk was 40%. Most of those who developed MS did so within the first 5 years after the initial episode of ON. […] The strongest predictor of MS in the study group was the presence of brain lesions on MRI at the time of the ON episode. Within the study group, patients with at least 1 brain lesion on MRI at the time of the ON episode had a 56% risk of developing symptomatic MS within 10 years. Patients with „normal” MRI findings had a 16% risk for progression to clinically definite MS at 5-year follow-up; this increased to a 22% risk for MS within 10 years.

• #75 Optic Neuritis: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammation that damages your optic nerve. It can cause vision loss and pain when you move your eyes. As the inflammation goes away, your symptoms usually get better. […] The inflammation can cause vision loss in one or both of your eyes. This loss of vision is usually temporary. In some cases, you may also feel pain when you move your eyes. […] The most common symptoms of ON include: vision loss in one eye, which can vary from mild to severe; periocular pain, or pain around your eye that gets worse due to eye movements; dyschromatopsia, or the inability to see colors correctly. […] Experiencing vision loss can be worrisome, but in many cases, the symptoms of ON are temporary. After the ON episode resolves, typically, you will not have permanent, severe vision loss. However, it can take some time for your vision to recover, from weeks to months. […] In about 15% to 20% of cases, ON is the first sign of MS. If ON comes back repeatedly, you may have a higher chance of developing MS.

• #76 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Optic Neuritis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4581115/

  Usually, the patients visual acuity improves. About 60% of patients regain normal acuity within two months; in the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial, only 6% of patients still had an acuity of less than 0.5 six months after onset. Visual contrast, visual fields, and color perception all improved as well. […] The clinical constellation of pain on eye movement, a relative afferent pupillary defect, and a normal or mildly edematous optic disc is pathognomonic for optic neuritis and suffices to establish the diagnosis. […] If optic neuritis takes an unfavorable course, is bilateral, or is accompanied by MRI findings that are atypical for multiple sclerosis, the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica or an NMO spectrum disorder should be considered. […] The adverse effects of corticosteroids must be weighed against their modest benefit in the treatment of optic neuritis.

• #77 Optic neuritis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/optic-neuritis

  People whose optic neuritis returns have a greater risk of developing MS, neuromyelitis optica or MOG antibody associated disorder. Optic neuritis can recur in people without underlying conditions, and those people generally have a better long-term prognosis for their vision than do people with MS or neuromyelitis optica.

• #78 Patient’s Guide to Optic Neuritis – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/neurology/neuro-ophthalmology/optic-neuritis

  An episode of Optic Neuritis typically begins with eye pain, especially with eye movements. Within a few days, patients will notice blurred vision in the affected eye. Often this appears like a thumb-print or smudge that blurs the vision. Within a week, this may progress to darkening of part of the visual field. Reading can become difficult, especially if the central portion of the visual field is affected. In addition to blurred vision, most patients notice that colors appear less bright, or washed-out with the affected eye. […] The visual loss caused by Optic Neuritis usually worsens for 7-10 days and then gradually begins to improve between 1-3 months. Most patients with Optic Neuritis generally recover 20/20 (normal) visual acuity. However, patients in whom Optic Neuritis initially causes vision worse than 20/60 are at higher risk for having some permanent visual loss. In addition, even after patients with optic neuritis have recovered, there may still be subtle changes in their vision (such as reduced brightness for colors or reduced depth perception) despite regaining the ability to read the whole eye chart.

• #79 Demyelinating Optic Neuritis – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Demyelinating_Optic_Neuritis

  Visual prognosis is excellent with normal to near normal recovery. Patients may still complain of decreased brightness sense, contrast deficit, and loss of stereopsis. […] The vast majority (94%) of patients recover vision to 20/40 or better at 5 years. Only 3% of patients had 20/200 or worse visual outcomes at 5 years (based on the ONTT). […] Visual recovery tends to occur by 1 month after onset and the majority recover within 1-3 months. At 6 months, patients tend to have similar visual outcomes no matter if they were treated with IV steroids or placebo. Vision improvement can take up to one year. Prolonged pain with eye movement, lack of recovery, recurrence within 2 months would alert the physician to re-evaluate for atypical causes of ON such as sarcoidosis, syphilis or an idiopathic autoimmune steroid-responsive ON. […] Since ON is common among patients who have MS, (up to 75% have at least one episode of ON in their lifetime), these patients are at risk for developing CDMS.

• #80 Patient’s Guide to Optic Neuritis – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/neurology/neuro-ophthalmology/optic-neuritis

  An episode of Optic Neuritis typically begins with eye pain, especially with eye movements. Within a few days, patients will notice blurred vision in the affected eye. Often this appears like a thumb-print or smudge that blurs the vision. Within a week, this may progress to darkening of part of the visual field. Reading can become difficult, especially if the central portion of the visual field is affected. In addition to blurred vision, most patients notice that colors appear less bright, or washed-out with the affected eye. […] The visual loss caused by Optic Neuritis usually worsens for 7-10 days and then gradually begins to improve between 1-3 months. Most patients with Optic Neuritis generally recover 20/20 (normal) visual acuity. However, patients in whom Optic Neuritis initially causes vision worse than 20/60 are at higher risk for having some permanent visual loss. In addition, even after patients with optic neuritis have recovered, there may still be subtle changes in their vision (such as reduced brightness for colors or reduced depth perception) despite regaining the ability to read the whole eye chart.

• #81 Adult Optic Neuritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1217083-overview

  The 10-year risk of developing clinically definite MS after a single episode of ON was 38% in the entire Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) study group; the 12-year risk was 40%. Most of those who developed MS did so within the first 5 years after the initial episode of ON. […] The strongest predictor of MS in the study group was the presence of brain lesions on MRI at the time of the ON episode. Within the study group, patients with at least 1 brain lesion on MRI at the time of the ON episode had a 56% risk of developing symptomatic MS within 10 years. Patients with „normal” MRI findings had a 16% risk for progression to clinically definite MS at 5-year follow-up; this increased to a 22% risk for MS within 10 years.

• #82 How far should I manage acute optic neuritis as an ophthalmologist? A United Kingdom perspective | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41433-024-03164-4

  The critical time interval for treatment initiation is therefore within 48h. […] We also take the Time is Vision perspective in suspected MS-ON. […] The trial recruited 457 patients, 77% female, 85% white, with a mean age of 32 years. […] We typically co-prescribe a calcium and vitamin D supplement for bone protection, and a proton pump inhibitor for gastric protection. […] We find fundus fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography helpful in unusual ON presentations.

• #83 Optic Neuritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557853/

  Diagnosis of optic neuritis involves both clinical evaluation and imaging studies. […] The mainstay of treatment for optic neuritis is high-dose corticosteroids, typically administered intravenously for a short course, followed by an oral taper. […] Visual function returns to near-normal levels over weeks to months whether or not treatment is initiated. However, visual recovery is hastened when treated with corticosteroid therapy. […] While most patients experience significant visual recovery within 3 to 6 months, some may be left with subtle deficits, such as impaired contrast sensitivity or color vision. Long-term follow-up is essential, particularly in individuals at risk of developing multiple sclerosis or recurrent episodes of optic neuritis.

• #84 Optic Neuritis | North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society

  https://www.nanosweb.org/opticneuritis/

  Up to 35% of people with optic neuritis will have further episodes in the same eye or other eye. As of now, there are no medications, supplements, or other treatments proven to reduce the risk of recurrence unless you have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis or another neurological disease requiring immune suppression. […] The prognosis may be worse depending on the cause of the optic neuritis. Infections, such as syphilis, tuberculosis, Lyme disease and certain viruses, and autoimmune diseases, such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody disease, sarcoidosis, and lupus, can also cause optic neuritis. In these cases, the vision may not improve as much or at all. Many of these patients require specific treatments directed at the underlying cause (if an infection) or more aggressive treatment with steroids and other drugs that treat autoimmune inflammation. These can include intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasmapheresis.

• #85 Optic Neuritis – Eye Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/eye-disorders/optic-nerve-disorders/optic-neuritis

  Prognosis depends on the underlying condition. Most episodes of typical optic neuritis improve spontaneously with significant recovery of vision in 2 to 3 months. The recurrence rate among patients with optic neuritis is variable and depends on the etiology. Patients with an underlying disease, such as NMO or MOGAD, have higher rates of recurrence in the same eye or in the other eye, and recovery of vision can be worse, especially for NMO.

• #86 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14256-optic-neuritis

  Typical optic neuritis is usually a short-term concern. The pain from it usually goes away within days (sometimes weeks), and treatment may speed that up. Most people get back clarity, sharpness and color vision over time, too. That can take as little as two weeks or as long as three months. […] Atypical optic neuritis tends to be more severe, and the effects usually last longer, especially without treatment. Some people may go for six weeks or more without vision recovery, and it could be permanent, so getting this condition diagnosed and treated quickly is very important. […] The outlook for optic neuritis varies, especially when it comes to the form you have: Typical optic neuritis. About 90% of people will have normal or near-normal vision after six to 12 months. Long-term vision loss or issues are possible, but they arent common. The outcome is usually positive when IV anti-inflammatory treatments start sooner rather than later. Atypical optic neuritis. The outlook for this form can vary depending on the specific underlying cause. In general, the outlook is worse when there are delays in treatment. Pediatric optic neuritis. The outlook for children with optic neuritis is usually better than for adults. Children are less likely to have long-term impacts from optic neuritis. But, like with adults, theres still a risk that optic neuritis may be the first warning sign of MS. The 40-year risk of getting an MS diagnosis after having optic neuritis in childhood is about 26%.

• #87 Diagnostic Approach to Atypical Optic Neuritis – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Diagnostic_Approach_to_Atypical_Optic_Neuritis

  The prognosis depends on the underlying etiology. As noted above, the visual loss in typical ON usually recovers and the most common etiology is MS. In atypical ON however the prognosis depends upon the underlying etiology. […] Patients with bilateral visual loss, a painless presentation, or a severe swollen optic nerve are features of atypical ON. Cranial and orbital MRI demonstrates a short segment of enhancement of the optic nerve in typical ON and may show demyelinating white matter lesions in cases secondary to MS. Atypical radiographic presentations for ON include longitudinally extensive enhancement of the optic nerve, posterior involvement (optic chiasm or optic tract) or bilateral involvement. In addition, enhancement of the optic sheath or the orbital fat is atypical for demyelinating or idiopathic ON.

• #88 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14256-optic-neuritis

  Typical optic neuritis is usually a short-term concern. The pain from it usually goes away within days (sometimes weeks), and treatment may speed that up. Most people get back clarity, sharpness and color vision over time, too. That can take as little as two weeks or as long as three months. […] Atypical optic neuritis tends to be more severe, and the effects usually last longer, especially without treatment. Some people may go for six weeks or more without vision recovery, and it could be permanent, so getting this condition diagnosed and treated quickly is very important. […] The outlook for optic neuritis varies, especially when it comes to the form you have: Typical optic neuritis. About 90% of people will have normal or near-normal vision after six to 12 months. Long-term vision loss or issues are possible, but they arent common. The outcome is usually positive when IV anti-inflammatory treatments start sooner rather than later. Atypical optic neuritis. The outlook for this form can vary depending on the specific underlying cause. In general, the outlook is worse when there are delays in treatment. Pediatric optic neuritis. The outlook for children with optic neuritis is usually better than for adults. Children are less likely to have long-term impacts from optic neuritis. But, like with adults, theres still a risk that optic neuritis may be the first warning sign of MS. The 40-year risk of getting an MS diagnosis after having optic neuritis in childhood is about 26%.

• #89 Optic Neuritis | Conditions | UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals

  https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/conditions/optic-neuritis

  Symptoms of optic neuritis vary, but the most common symptom is sudden loss or decrease in vision, including blurred, dark or dim vision and vision in which the contrast or colors seem diluted or „faded.” […] Another common symptom is pain or discomfort in or around the eye that worsens with movement. […] In 20 to 25 percent of patients with MS, optic neuritis is the first symptom. The risk of developing MS increases steadily during the first 10 years after an initial onset of optic neuritis but not everyone with optic neuritis has or will develop MS. […] In the majority of children, vision problems and eye pain will improve dramatically or disappear completely within a few days or weeks. Sometimes it takes up to six months for full recovery, while some children experience long-term vision problems.

• #90 Optic Neuritis | Your Eye HealthFacebookYouTubeInstagramLinkedInPinterest

  https://www.guidedogs.org.uk/getting-support/information-and-advice/eye-conditions/optic-neuritis/

  Optic neuritis can develop in adults and rarely in children. In adults, it’s more likely to affect one eye; in children under ten, it’s more likely to occur in both eyes. The condition can develop quickly, in a matter of hours or days, and can worsen over a couple of weeks. There are typically three common symptoms of optic neuritis. These include: […] Pain behind the affected eye, often made worse with eye movement. […] Difficulty seeing, particularly with the central vision becoming blurred and hazy. Your peripheral (side) vision can also be affected. This can develop over hours or days. […] Difficulty distinguishing and seeing colours clearly; things look faded. […] Short term, the condition can cause significant problems with your vision, but most people recover without treatment over time. For some, problems might persist, such as trouble seeing colours clearly, or difficulty seeing at night. However, most people recover without lasting vision impairment.

• #91 Optic Neuritis | Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatments | SRNA

  https://wearesrna.org/living-with-myelitis/disease-information/optic-neuritis/

  Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory demyelinating condition of the central nervous system that results in the loss of vision and is associated with eye pain, loss of color vision and visual field deficits. […] ON can be the presenting feature of MS (15-20% of the time) and occurs in 50 percent of those diagnosed with MS at some point during their illness. […] ON is typically monocular (affecting one eye), though it can also affect both eyes sequentially or simultaneously. Bilateral ON tends to be more common in children younger than 15 years old.

• #92 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14256-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis symptoms all revolve around your eyes and disruptions in vision. The changes usually stem from retrobulbar (meaning behind the eyeball) effects of optic neuritis. […] Symptoms can include: Eye pain. Over 90% of people with optic neuritis experience pain as a symptom, which usually worsens when you move your eyes. But in some cases, atypical optic neuritis may not cause pain at all. Vision acuity loss. This means your vision is less clear or sharp. This is usually more severe in pediatric optic neuropathy. Visual field defects or vision loss. These are gaps or other decreases in vision that only affect part of your visual field. With optic neuritis, the gap is usually in the center of your visual field. Color vision loss (dyschromatopsia). This is a decrease in how well you see colors, especially red.

• #93 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14256-optic-neuritis

  Typical optic neuritis is usually a short-term concern. The pain from it usually goes away within days (sometimes weeks), and treatment may speed that up. Most people get back clarity, sharpness and color vision over time, too. That can take as little as two weeks or as long as three months. […] Atypical optic neuritis tends to be more severe, and the effects usually last longer, especially without treatment. Some people may go for six weeks or more without vision recovery, and it could be permanent, so getting this condition diagnosed and treated quickly is very important. […] The outlook for optic neuritis varies, especially when it comes to the form you have: Typical optic neuritis. About 90% of people will have normal or near-normal vision after six to 12 months. Long-term vision loss or issues are possible, but they arent common. The outcome is usually positive when IV anti-inflammatory treatments start sooner rather than later. Atypical optic neuritis. The outlook for this form can vary depending on the specific underlying cause. In general, the outlook is worse when there are delays in treatment. Pediatric optic neuritis. The outlook for children with optic neuritis is usually better than for adults. Children are less likely to have long-term impacts from optic neuritis. But, like with adults, theres still a risk that optic neuritis may be the first warning sign of MS. The 40-year risk of getting an MS diagnosis after having optic neuritis in childhood is about 26%.

• #94 Optic Neuritis (ON) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis (ON) involves an attack of inflammation (swelling) in your optic nerve, which sends information from your eye to your brain about what you are seeing. In ON, there is damage to myelin, the protective covering of your nerve fibers. […] The symptoms of ON can affect one or both eyes, causing blurred vision, vision loss, and eye pain. […] The symptoms of ON can affect one or both eyes. They include: Blurred vision, Loss of color vision, Complete loss of vision, Eye pain. […] Although the long-term prognosis for children with ON varies, most children make a complete or nearly complete recovery, including those children with initially severe symptoms. […] Steroid treatment can reduce some visual symptoms and stop new symptoms from developing. Although the long-term prognosis for children with ON varies, most children make a complete or nearly complete recovery, including those children with initially severe symptoms. For most children, recovery begins within days and continues for up to one year. Some patients can have residual symptoms such as blurred vision or decreased color vision.

• #95 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14256-optic-neuritis

  Typical optic neuritis is usually a short-term concern. The pain from it usually goes away within days (sometimes weeks), and treatment may speed that up. Most people get back clarity, sharpness and color vision over time, too. That can take as little as two weeks or as long as three months. […] Atypical optic neuritis tends to be more severe, and the effects usually last longer, especially without treatment. Some people may go for six weeks or more without vision recovery, and it could be permanent, so getting this condition diagnosed and treated quickly is very important. […] The outlook for optic neuritis varies, especially when it comes to the form you have: Typical optic neuritis. About 90% of people will have normal or near-normal vision after six to 12 months. Long-term vision loss or issues are possible, but they arent common. The outcome is usually positive when IV anti-inflammatory treatments start sooner rather than later. Atypical optic neuritis. The outlook for this form can vary depending on the specific underlying cause. In general, the outlook is worse when there are delays in treatment. Pediatric optic neuritis. The outlook for children with optic neuritis is usually better than for adults. Children are less likely to have long-term impacts from optic neuritis. But, like with adults, theres still a risk that optic neuritis may be the first warning sign of MS. The 40-year risk of getting an MS diagnosis after having optic neuritis in childhood is about 26%.

• #96 Optic Neuritis Treatment, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Causes

  https://www.medicinenet.com/optic_neuritis/article.htm

  Optic neuritis is an inflammation that affects the myelin lining of the optic nerve, which transmits visual stimuli to the brain. […] Optic neuritis typically affects young adults ranging from 20 to 40 years of age. […] The major symptom of optic neuritis is vision loss, usually in one eye, often developing within hours to a couple of days and peaking in 1-2 weeks. It may vary from a small area of blurring to complete blindness. […] Most people who develop optic neuritis experience eye pain that is worsened by eye movement. […] Visual symptoms usually progress for the first few weeks and then start to improve within the first month. […] The prognosis for and the time that the optic neuritis lasts depend on the underlying cause. Most episodes resolve spontaneously, with the return of vision in two weeks to three months. About 90% of people with optic neuritis will recover most of their vision within six months of onset. […] However, about 14% will have a recurrence of optic neuritis in the affected eye, and 12% will develop optic neuritis in the other eye within 10 years.

• #97 Optic neuritis: Pathophysiology, clinical features, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/optic-neuritis-pathophysiology-clinical-features-and-diagnosis

  Optic neuritis is an inflammatory, demyelinating condition that causes acute, usually monocular, visual loss. It is highly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Optic neuritis is the presenting feature of MS in 15 to 20 percent of patients and occurs in 50 percent at some time during the course of their illness. […] Most cases of acute demyelinating optic neuritis occur in females (two-thirds) and typically develop in patients between the ages of 20 and 40 years. […] The incidence of optic neuritis is highest in populations located at higher latitudes, in the northern United States and western Europe, and is lowest in regions closer to the equator. In the United States, studies have estimated the annual incidence of optic neuritis to be as high as 6.4 per 100,000. In the United States, optic neuritis occurs more frequently in White compared with Black Americans. In Asia, optic neuritis is proportionately more common relative to the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) than in the United States or Western Europe.

• #98 Optic neuritis: Pathophysiology, clinical features, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/optic-neuritis-pathophysiology-clinical-features-and-diagnosis

  Optic neuritis is an inflammatory, demyelinating condition that causes acute, usually monocular, visual loss. It is highly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Optic neuritis is the presenting feature of MS in 15 to 20 percent of patients and occurs in 50 percent at some time during the course of their illness. […] Most cases of acute demyelinating optic neuritis occur in females (two-thirds) and typically develop in patients between the ages of 20 and 40 years. […] The incidence of optic neuritis is highest in populations located at higher latitudes, in the northern United States and western Europe, and is lowest in regions closer to the equator. In the United States, studies have estimated the annual incidence of optic neuritis to be as high as 6.4 per 100,000. In the United States, optic neuritis occurs more frequently in White compared with Black Americans. In Asia, optic neuritis is proportionately more common relative to the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) than in the United States or Western Europe.

• #99 Optic Neuritis | Your Eye HealthFacebookYouTubeInstagramLinkedInPinterest

  https://www.guidedogs.org.uk/getting-support/information-and-advice/eye-conditions/optic-neuritis/

  Optic neuritis can develop in adults and rarely in children. In adults, it’s more likely to affect one eye; in children under ten, it’s more likely to occur in both eyes. The condition can develop quickly, in a matter of hours or days, and can worsen over a couple of weeks. There are typically three common symptoms of optic neuritis. These include: […] Pain behind the affected eye, often made worse with eye movement. […] Difficulty seeing, particularly with the central vision becoming blurred and hazy. Your peripheral (side) vision can also be affected. This can develop over hours or days. […] Difficulty distinguishing and seeing colours clearly; things look faded. […] Short term, the condition can cause significant problems with your vision, but most people recover without treatment over time. For some, problems might persist, such as trouble seeing colours clearly, or difficulty seeing at night. However, most people recover without lasting vision impairment.

• #100 Optic Neuritis | Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatments | SRNA

  https://wearesrna.org/living-with-myelitis/disease-information/optic-neuritis/

  Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory demyelinating condition of the central nervous system that results in the loss of vision and is associated with eye pain, loss of color vision and visual field deficits. […] ON can be the presenting feature of MS (15-20% of the time) and occurs in 50 percent of those diagnosed with MS at some point during their illness. […] ON is typically monocular (affecting one eye), though it can also affect both eyes sequentially or simultaneously. Bilateral ON tends to be more common in children younger than 15 years old.

• #101 Optic Neuritis – MS in a minute – MS Australia

  https://www.msaustralia.org.au/news/optic-neuritis/

  Optic neuritis can be linked to MS and is an inflammation that damages the optic nerve, a bundle of nerve fibres that transmits visual information from your eye to your brain. Pain and temporary vision loss in one eye are common symptoms of optic neuritis. […] For 1 in 4 people with MS, optic neuritis was the first MS symptom that they noticed. […] Optic neuritis disrupts this process, affecting vision. […] Whilst optic neuritis can be the first indication of multiple sclerosis it can also occur with other infections or immune diseases, such as lupus.

• #102 Optic Neuritis Clinical Guide | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/neurological/depts/multiple-sclerosis/ms-approaches/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis (ON) is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS), and refers to inflammation of the optic nerve. It can be the initial demyelinating event in up to 20% of patients, and occurs in almost half of patients with MS. ON associated with demyelinating disease is generally characterized by acute to subacute, painful, and monocular vision loss. Vision typically worsens over hours to days (not months), and recovery is expected to begin within 1 month of symptom onset. The pain that occurs with optic neuritis is usually ocular, retroocular, periorbital, or a frontal headache. This pain is generally exacerbated with extraocular movements, and occurs in the vast majority of patients with typical ON. […] Clinically, patients typically describe central (less commonly arcuate, cecocentral, or hemianopic) vision loss that progresses over hours to days.

• #103

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis symptoms can include: […] You can have optic neuritis in one or both eyes. Symptoms may appear all of a sudden or develop gradually over a few days. They can include: Blurry vision, Dim vision, as if someone turned down the lights, Colors appearing dull and faded, Pain in the back of your eye socket, Pain when you move your eyes. […] Optic neuritis symptoms can be worse when you are hot or very tired. For instance, you might notice more symptoms when you exercise or take a bath. […] If optic neuritis is not treated, its symptoms can get worse. If you have optic neuritis symptoms, talk with your ophthalmologist.

• #104 Eyes – optic neuritis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eyes-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve that causes blurred, grey and dim vision. […] The symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent of the inflammation. […] Symptoms of optic neuritis can include: blurred vision, grey vision (colours seem faded), dim vision, pain in the back of the eye, especially during eye movement. […] Symptoms may worsen if you are hot, for example, after playing sport or showering. […] In many cases, optic neuritis is short-lived and resolves by itself without treatment in around four to 12 weeks. […] The degree of visual impairment experienced with optic neuritis depends on how many nerve fibres are inflamed the more nerve fibres affected, the worse the symptoms. Generally, eyesight deteriorates over a few days rather than suddenly. The peak of vision loss usually happens about a week after the symptoms first appear. […] Permanent damage to the optic nerve occurs in about 85 per cent of cases, but the damage does not always cause serious vision problems. The person’s vision improves once the inflammation subsides.

• #105 What Is Optic Neuritis? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/vision/what-is-optic-neuritis-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Symptoms of optic neuritis may start suddenly or develop over several days. The condition usually affects only one eye; in rare instances, however, both can be involved. […] The most common symptom is pain when moving the eye around, which occurs in about 90 percent of people with optic neuritis, says Dr. Elmalem. […] In addition to pain, which can sometimes manifest as a dull ache behind the eye, optic neuritis symptoms include: Loss of vision (vision is blurry, dim, or otherwise reduced), Colors appear faded or dull, and red may start to look brown, Loss of side or peripheral vision, Flashing or flickering lights when you move your eyes. […] Vision problems may worsen if you engage in activities that make you hot. […] When someone who has optic neuritis becomes overheated in hot water, hot weather, saunas, or with exercise, the optic nerve conduction is even less efficient, Elmalem explains. This can cause temporary decreased vision and is called Uhthoffs phenomenon (also Uhthoff sign or syndrome).

• #106 Optic neuritis in children and adults | ICR Ophthalmology Center

  https://icrcat.com/en/eye-conditions/optic-neuritis-in-children-and-adults/

  What symptoms does optic neuritis cause? […] Therefore, the most common symptom is vision loss: you can experiment blur vision, darkened vision (as if there was less light or brightness), a part of the vision can seem to be missing (at the center or from the sides) or a permanent black spot can be seen in the visual field. This vision loss usually occurs rapidly and does not improve with any corrective eyeglasses. […] Other frequent symptoms are pain in the eye or behind it, especially when making eye movements, colour vision dimming (many patients describe it as colours being less vibrant), and flashes or flashing lights (photopsias). Some patients experience blurred or darkened vision for some minutes (and up to an hour) when its hot, or after practising some sport or showering with hot water (this is known as Uhthoffs phenomenon).

• #107 Optic Neuritis | North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society

  https://www.nanosweb.org/opticneuritis/

  Decreased color vision is also common. Colors are often described as washed out. Difficulty seeing contrast is also common. Some people will see flashes of light, sparkles, or shifting squares. Some people will have episodes of blurred vision lasting up to an hour triggered by exercise or hot temperatures, which may continue after the episode of optic neuritis has resolved because of residual damage to the optic nerve. […] Most people with typical cases of optic neuritis will get better with or without treatment. Vision typically begins to recover within a few weeks. 92% of people with typical cases of optic neuritis will recover most of their vision. However, most people will continue to report some mild decreased quality of their vision, even though they may still read the small letters on the 20/20 line in the doctors office. These changes are typically related to reduced color vision, distorted vision, or difficulty with contrast (distinguishing shades of light and dark).

• #108 Optic neuritis in MS: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325460

  The symptoms of optic neuritis tend to come in flares, getting worse for a short time before getting better. Symptoms may also flare up in response to hot or cold temperatures. […] According to the MS Society, 80% of people start to notice an improvement within 3 weeks of symptoms appearing and 90% start to recover within 5 weeks. […] The length of a symptom flare will vary in each case. Although many people will notice their symptoms go away completely within a few weeks, others may have symptoms for a year or longer after an attack. […] Many people fully recover their vision within several weeks or months, with or without treatment, and 90% of people start to feel better within 5 weeks. […] However, people with MS may have a risk of similar attacks later on. According to the MS Society, around half of people with MS who have optic neuritis will have another attack within 10 years. […] As MS progresses or severe attacks occur, changes in vision may become permanent.

• #109 Optic Neuritis | North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society

  https://www.nanosweb.org/opticneuritis/

  Decreased color vision is also common. Colors are often described as washed out. Difficulty seeing contrast is also common. Some people will see flashes of light, sparkles, or shifting squares. Some people will have episodes of blurred vision lasting up to an hour triggered by exercise or hot temperatures, which may continue after the episode of optic neuritis has resolved because of residual damage to the optic nerve. […] Most people with typical cases of optic neuritis will get better with or without treatment. Vision typically begins to recover within a few weeks. 92% of people with typical cases of optic neuritis will recover most of their vision. However, most people will continue to report some mild decreased quality of their vision, even though they may still read the small letters on the 20/20 line in the doctors office. These changes are typically related to reduced color vision, distorted vision, or difficulty with contrast (distinguishing shades of light and dark).

• #110 Optic neuritis in MS: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325460

  The symptoms of optic neuritis tend to come in flares, getting worse for a short time before getting better. Symptoms may also flare up in response to hot or cold temperatures. […] According to the MS Society, 80% of people start to notice an improvement within 3 weeks of symptoms appearing and 90% start to recover within 5 weeks. […] The length of a symptom flare will vary in each case. Although many people will notice their symptoms go away completely within a few weeks, others may have symptoms for a year or longer after an attack. […] Many people fully recover their vision within several weeks or months, with or without treatment, and 90% of people start to feel better within 5 weeks. […] However, people with MS may have a risk of similar attacks later on. According to the MS Society, around half of people with MS who have optic neuritis will have another attack within 10 years. […] As MS progresses or severe attacks occur, changes in vision may become permanent.

• #111 Optic Neuritis and MS | Montefiore Nyack

  https://www.montefiorenyack.org/health-blog/optic-neuritis-and-ms

  If you have any vision problem, no matter how minor especially if it involves eye pain get it checked out by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. It could be optic neuritis, the inflammation of the optic nerve that can affect your vision. […] A common feature of optic neuritis is blindness in either the top or bottom half of vision. It typically occurs only in one eye, Dr. Langston says. The vision loss may not affect the entire top or bottom half of the eye. It may appear to a person that they have a smudge on their contact, except that the smudge persists even after they change the contact, he says. […] Another symptom is eye pain. When the nerve gets swollen, it becomes painful to move the eye, he says. Sometimes this can result in headaches. The vision loss typically gets worse over days to weeks, and then slowly resolves over weeks to months. The symptoms may return when a person is stressed, sick or overheated. All these conditions stress the optic nerve and can cause the symptoms of the original injury to come out again, he says. Its important to understand that transient return of symptoms does not necessarily indicate a fresh injury.

• #112 Optic Neuritis: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/acute-optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis, or inflammation of the optic nerves, is a frequent cause of acute optic nerve injury in children and adults. Although optic neuritis is frequently associated with multiple sclerosis, there are many other causes of optic neuritis. Classically there is a triad of clinical features – reduced vision (of varying severity), eye pain (particularly on movement) and impaired colour vision. […] The onset is usually with pain on eye movement in one eye and subacute visual loss. In unilateral optic neuritis, the direct pupillary light reflex is weaker in the affected eye. […] Other symptoms present in multiple sclerosis optic neuritis are: varying degrees of vision reduction: from a mildly decreased visual acuity to complete vision loss. Light flashes (phosphenes or photopsias). Uhthoff’s phenomenon – increased symptoms with raised body temperature (hot environment or exercise). Pulfrich’s phenomenon – altered perception of the direction of movement; objects moving straight appear to have a curved trajectory, presumably due to asymmetrical conduction in optic nerves. Fatigue – fading of vision. […] One third of patients with optic neuritis have a mildly oedematous optic disc. The visual disturbance resolves in 95% of cases. A less favourable course may be evidence of neuromyelitis optica, and macular involvement may be evidence of neuroretinitis.

• #113 Optic Neuritis and MS | Montefiore Nyack

  https://www.montefiorenyack.org/health-blog/optic-neuritis-and-ms

  If you have any vision problem, no matter how minor especially if it involves eye pain get it checked out by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. It could be optic neuritis, the inflammation of the optic nerve that can affect your vision. […] A common feature of optic neuritis is blindness in either the top or bottom half of vision. It typically occurs only in one eye, Dr. Langston says. The vision loss may not affect the entire top or bottom half of the eye. It may appear to a person that they have a smudge on their contact, except that the smudge persists even after they change the contact, he says. […] Another symptom is eye pain. When the nerve gets swollen, it becomes painful to move the eye, he says. Sometimes this can result in headaches. The vision loss typically gets worse over days to weeks, and then slowly resolves over weeks to months. The symptoms may return when a person is stressed, sick or overheated. All these conditions stress the optic nerve and can cause the symptoms of the original injury to come out again, he says. Its important to understand that transient return of symptoms does not necessarily indicate a fresh injury.

• #114 Optic Neuritis and MS | Montefiore Nyack

  https://www.montefiorenyack.org/health-blog/optic-neuritis-and-ms

  If you have any vision problem, no matter how minor especially if it involves eye pain get it checked out by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. It could be optic neuritis, the inflammation of the optic nerve that can affect your vision. […] A common feature of optic neuritis is blindness in either the top or bottom half of vision. It typically occurs only in one eye, Dr. Langston says. The vision loss may not affect the entire top or bottom half of the eye. It may appear to a person that they have a smudge on their contact, except that the smudge persists even after they change the contact, he says. […] Another symptom is eye pain. When the nerve gets swollen, it becomes painful to move the eye, he says. Sometimes this can result in headaches. The vision loss typically gets worse over days to weeks, and then slowly resolves over weeks to months. The symptoms may return when a person is stressed, sick or overheated. All these conditions stress the optic nerve and can cause the symptoms of the original injury to come out again, he says. Its important to understand that transient return of symptoms does not necessarily indicate a fresh injury.

• #115 How far should I manage acute optic neuritis as an ophthalmologist? A United Kingdom perspective | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41433-024-03164-4

  Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammation of or around the optic nerve, frequently caused by infectious or immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. […] The presence or absence of symptoms in optic neuritis (ON) depends on the site of inflammation within the anterior visual pathway, and how long after symptom onset a patient presents. […] Pain often precedes vision change, and is characteristic of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)-associated ON, and ON associated with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-ON) and anti-aquaportin-4 antibodies (AQP4-ON). […] In MS-ON, transient blurry or double vision on horizontal eye movement, may be indicative of internuclear ophthalmoplegia. […] Classically, acute vision loss in MS-ON worsens over days, reaching a nadir around two weeks, gradually improving back towards baseline high contrast visual acuity by three months.

• #116 Optic neuritis in MS: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325460

  The symptoms of optic neuritis tend to come in flares, getting worse for a short time before getting better. Symptoms may also flare up in response to hot or cold temperatures. […] According to the MS Society, 80% of people start to notice an improvement within 3 weeks of symptoms appearing and 90% start to recover within 5 weeks. […] The length of a symptom flare will vary in each case. Although many people will notice their symptoms go away completely within a few weeks, others may have symptoms for a year or longer after an attack. […] Many people fully recover their vision within several weeks or months, with or without treatment, and 90% of people start to feel better within 5 weeks. […] However, people with MS may have a risk of similar attacks later on. According to the MS Society, around half of people with MS who have optic neuritis will have another attack within 10 years. […] As MS progresses or severe attacks occur, changes in vision may become permanent.

• #117 Optic Neuritis progression | PortalCLÍNIC

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/optic-neuritis/disease-progression

  Neuritis may have flare-ups, which means approximately 25% of patients who have experienced neuritis will have another episode in their lifetime. A person who has had an acute episode or flare-up may experience improvement in their vision up to 6 months after the onset of visual loss. […] The after effects that may remain after neuritis are: blurred vision in the eye with neuritis, seeing colours as duller, decreased contrast, decreased depth perception or loss of some areas of the visual field. […] The signs and symptoms of optic neuritis may be the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis, or may appear in a person who has already been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. […] The complications of optic neuritis include: Optic nerve injury: the majority of people who have had neuritis have some permanent impact on the optic nerve that can cause permanent symptoms. […] Decreased visual acuity: most people regain normal vision within the first few months, but a partial loss of the ability to distinguish between colours may persist.

• #118 Optic Neuritis | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/optic-neuritis

  Some of the symptoms of optic neuritis include: […] Decreased visual acuity or vision loss […] Eye pain and impairment of color vision (dyschromatopsia)* […] Improvement of vision begins within two to three weeks of occurrence and continues to improve over months. […] As many as 80 percent of people affected with optic neuritis will regain at least 20/30 vision 45 percent of those affected will regain 20/30 vision within the first four months; the other 35 percent within the first year. […] Reoccurrence of optic neuritis is not uncommon. In the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT), which followed a group of patients with acute unilateral optic neuritis, 28 percent of patients experienced a recurrence of optic neuritis within five years and 35 percent within 10 years. Those with recurrences were more likely to progress to a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

• #119 Optic Neuritis | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/optic-neuritis

  Some of the symptoms of optic neuritis include: […] Decreased visual acuity or vision loss […] Eye pain and impairment of color vision (dyschromatopsia)* […] Improvement of vision begins within two to three weeks of occurrence and continues to improve over months. […] As many as 80 percent of people affected with optic neuritis will regain at least 20/30 vision 45 percent of those affected will regain 20/30 vision within the first four months; the other 35 percent within the first year. […] Reoccurrence of optic neuritis is not uncommon. In the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT), which followed a group of patients with acute unilateral optic neuritis, 28 percent of patients experienced a recurrence of optic neuritis within five years and 35 percent within 10 years. Those with recurrences were more likely to progress to a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

• #120 Optic Neuritis Treatment, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Causes

  https://www.medicinenet.com/optic_neuritis/article.htm

  Optic neuritis is an inflammation that affects the myelin lining of the optic nerve, which transmits visual stimuli to the brain. […] Optic neuritis typically affects young adults ranging from 20 to 40 years of age. […] The major symptom of optic neuritis is vision loss, usually in one eye, often developing within hours to a couple of days and peaking in 1-2 weeks. It may vary from a small area of blurring to complete blindness. […] Most people who develop optic neuritis experience eye pain that is worsened by eye movement. […] Visual symptoms usually progress for the first few weeks and then start to improve within the first month. […] The prognosis for and the time that the optic neuritis lasts depend on the underlying cause. Most episodes resolve spontaneously, with the return of vision in two weeks to three months. About 90% of people with optic neuritis will recover most of their vision within six months of onset. […] However, about 14% will have a recurrence of optic neuritis in the affected eye, and 12% will develop optic neuritis in the other eye within 10 years.

• #121 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Optic-Neuritis-Overview.aspx

  Optic neuritis can manifest as a sudden loss of vision in as short a period as one hour or over a few days. […] Other symptoms include: Abnormal pupillary reactions due to a relative afferent defect, Loss of color vision, Painful eye movement. […] In most cases, the vision returns to normal as the swelling of the optic nerve reduces spontaneously over a couple of weeks. […] Almost 8 of every 10 patients start to recover vision within 3 weeks, and most patients show some degree of continuing improvement over 12 months. About 5-10 percent of affected eyes fail to recover. […] When the optic neuritis is not caused by conditions such as autoimmune disease or multiple sclerosis, it has a better prognosis for visual recovery. However, even with the latter, some people recover useful vision. Overall recurrence rates are 35% over 10 years. Patients who will develop symptoms of multiple sclerosis at some point have double the risk of recurrence (48%) compared to others (24%).

• #122

  https://msfocus.org/Magazine/Magazine-Items/Spring-2020/Taking-a-Closer-Look-at-Optic-Neuritis

  Optic neuritis occurs when there is inflammation in either or both optic nerves. The characteristic symptom of optic neuritis is therefore blurred vision (and sometimes even loss of vision) in the affected eye or eyes. There is also very commonly pain behind the eye, which increases with eye movement. Some people notice spots in their vision when they have optic neuritis, and there is often impairment of color vision in the affected eye. The inflammation of optic neuritis resolves on its own, usually during the course of several weeks. The pain of optic neuritis always goes away first, as the inflammation in the optic nerve resolves. Vision usually gets better, too, but more slowly. By far, most people with optic neuritis wind up with normal or near-normal vision after recovering, but not always. Up to 15 percent of people with optic neuritis are left with moderate to severe vision loss in the affected eye(s). Repetitive episodes of optic neuritis are likely to cause progressive vision loss. Almost all people who have had optic neuritis experience some damage to the optic nerve (a condition known as optic atrophy), even if vision recovers. Vision and optic nerve health are measured in a number of different ways, in order to diagnose and monitor optic neuritis. Visual acuity (reading the letters on the wall chart), color vision (usually looking at patterned colored spots and making out numbers), and peripheral vision testing are generally performed at the time of diagnosis, and at subsequent exams, to track progress. Once a person recovers from optic neuritis, the appearance of the optic nerve usually becomes pale (optic pallor or optic atrophy) because of damage to the optic nerve, whether or not vision recovery occurs. The swelling and atrophy of the optic nerve can be measured in the eye doctors office or MS clinic using a technique called optical coherence tomography. It is very beneficial in diagnosing optic neuritis, and for tracking the progress of optic nerve damage. Although optic neuritis can cause persistent visual problems, MS only rarely causes blindness.

• #123 Optic neuritis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/optic-neuritis

  People whose optic neuritis returns have a greater risk of developing MS, neuromyelitis optica or MOG antibody associated disorder. Optic neuritis can recur in people without underlying conditions, and those people generally have a better long-term prognosis for their vision than do people with MS or neuromyelitis optica.

• #124 Optic neuritis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/optic-neuritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354958

  You’re likely to see an ophthalmologist for a diagnosis, which is generally based on your medical history and an exam. […] The optic disk becomes swollen in about one-third of people with optic neuritis. […] If you have optic neuritis, and you have two or more brain lesions evident on MRI scans, you might benefit from multiple sclerosis medications, such as interferon beta-1a or interferon beta-1b, that may delay or help prevent multiple sclerosis (MS). […] Most people regain close to normal vision within six months after an optic neuritis episode. […] People whose optic neuritis returns have a greater risk of developing MS, neuromyelitis optica or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disorder.

• #125 Optic neuritis: from one medical student to another medical student

  http://eyerounds.org/tutorials/Optic-Neuritis/index.htm

  Optic neuritis is most commonly associated with the symptoms of vision loss and eye pain. Pain is present in many cases of optic neuritis (92% according to ONTT) and is usually most prominent with eye movement. Vision loss typically occurs over a period ranging from a few hours to days with a wide variety of visual field defects that can be seen; ranging from diffuse visual field loss to a cecocentral scotoma (a scotoma involving both the central vision and the natural blind spot simultaneously). […] In the ONTT vision decreased to a median of 20/60 initially and the majority of patients returned to 20/20 within one month. Although visual acuity typically returns to near normal, visual changes such as diminished color perception and decreased acuity in dim light often persist. […] Most patients (85%) with optic neuritis will have a final visual acuity in the affected eye of 20/25 or better with less than 1% of patients being legally blind in that eye. Visual symptoms are typically acute in onset and progress over the first couple of weeks. The majority of patients will begin to show rapid improvement in vision beginning in the 3rd or 4th week. Improvements can continue to be seen up to one year after the onset of optic neuritis. […] About 35% of patients will experience recurrent optic neuritis. Patients with optic neuritis who develop MS typically have a worse visual prognosis and a higher rate of recurrence.

• #126 Optic neuritis: from one medical student to another medical student

  http://eyerounds.org/tutorials/Optic-Neuritis/index.htm

  Optic neuritis is most commonly associated with the symptoms of vision loss and eye pain. Pain is present in many cases of optic neuritis (92% according to ONTT) and is usually most prominent with eye movement. Vision loss typically occurs over a period ranging from a few hours to days with a wide variety of visual field defects that can be seen; ranging from diffuse visual field loss to a cecocentral scotoma (a scotoma involving both the central vision and the natural blind spot simultaneously). […] In the ONTT vision decreased to a median of 20/60 initially and the majority of patients returned to 20/20 within one month. Although visual acuity typically returns to near normal, visual changes such as diminished color perception and decreased acuity in dim light often persist. […] Most patients (85%) with optic neuritis will have a final visual acuity in the affected eye of 20/25 or better with less than 1% of patients being legally blind in that eye. Visual symptoms are typically acute in onset and progress over the first couple of weeks. The majority of patients will begin to show rapid improvement in vision beginning in the 3rd or 4th week. Improvements can continue to be seen up to one year after the onset of optic neuritis. […] About 35% of patients will experience recurrent optic neuritis. Patients with optic neuritis who develop MS typically have a worse visual prognosis and a higher rate of recurrence.

• #127 What’s the Connection Between MS and Optic Neuritis?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-sclerosis/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis symptoms generally improve in 80 percent of patients over a few weeks according to the Cleveland Clinic. It’s possible to experience only minor visual loss or a full resolution of symptoms. […] Having both optic neuritis and MS may make you more likely to experience recurring symptoms of optic neuritis.

• #128 Optic Neuritis: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/acute-optic-neuritis

  The prognosis for vision is generally good. The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT), was a large study with 15-year follow-up, and found that: 93% of patients showed improvement within five weeks of onset; vision continued to improve for up to one year. One year after onset, 93% had visual acuity better than 6/12 in the affected eye. At 15-year follow-up, 92% had acuity better than 6/12 in the affected eye, and only 1% had vision worse than 6/60 in both eyes. The severity of initial visual loss seems to be related to the final visual outcome; however, even with initial visual acuity of 6/60, 85% recover vision to 6/12 or better. More recent studies show most patients maintaining a visual acuity over 20/200 with a progressive visual loss over two weeks before stabilizing. Approximately 72% of patients are able to maintain visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes at a 15-year follow-up. […] NMOSD displays the worst prognosis. NMOSD-related ON will lead to worsening results with each recurrent episode. The initial ON attack will leave 20%-30% of patients with 20/200 or worse visual acuity (functionally blind), and 70% of patients experiencing relapses will have a visual acuity of 20/200 or worse.

• #129 Optic Neuritis: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/acute-optic-neuritis

  The prognosis for vision is generally good. The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT), was a large study with 15-year follow-up, and found that: 93% of patients showed improvement within five weeks of onset; vision continued to improve for up to one year. One year after onset, 93% had visual acuity better than 6/12 in the affected eye. At 15-year follow-up, 92% had acuity better than 6/12 in the affected eye, and only 1% had vision worse than 6/60 in both eyes. The severity of initial visual loss seems to be related to the final visual outcome; however, even with initial visual acuity of 6/60, 85% recover vision to 6/12 or better. More recent studies show most patients maintaining a visual acuity over 20/200 with a progressive visual loss over two weeks before stabilizing. Approximately 72% of patients are able to maintain visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes at a 15-year follow-up. […] NMOSD displays the worst prognosis. NMOSD-related ON will lead to worsening results with each recurrent episode. The initial ON attack will leave 20%-30% of patients with 20/200 or worse visual acuity (functionally blind), and 70% of patients experiencing relapses will have a visual acuity of 20/200 or worse.

• #130 Optic Neuritis: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/acute-optic-neuritis

  The prognosis for vision is generally good. The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT), was a large study with 15-year follow-up, and found that: 93% of patients showed improvement within five weeks of onset; vision continued to improve for up to one year. One year after onset, 93% had visual acuity better than 6/12 in the affected eye. At 15-year follow-up, 92% had acuity better than 6/12 in the affected eye, and only 1% had vision worse than 6/60 in both eyes. The severity of initial visual loss seems to be related to the final visual outcome; however, even with initial visual acuity of 6/60, 85% recover vision to 6/12 or better. More recent studies show most patients maintaining a visual acuity over 20/200 with a progressive visual loss over two weeks before stabilizing. Approximately 72% of patients are able to maintain visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes at a 15-year follow-up. […] NMOSD displays the worst prognosis. NMOSD-related ON will lead to worsening results with each recurrent episode. The initial ON attack will leave 20%-30% of patients with 20/200 or worse visual acuity (functionally blind), and 70% of patients experiencing relapses will have a visual acuity of 20/200 or worse.

• #131 Optic neuritis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_neuritis

  Patients with optic neuritis may experience dyschromatopsia which describes a range of color vision in the affected eye (especially red), with colors appearing subtly washed out compared to the other eye. […] Involvement of the optic nerve may be unilateral or bilateral, depending on the underlying etiology. […] For example, MS-optic neuritis often presents unilaterally while NMOSD-optic neuritis and MOGAD-optic neuritis more often present bilaterally. […] However not everyone who has optic neuritis has problems with their vision. […] Early symptoms that require investigation include symptoms from multiple sclerosis (twitching, lack of coordination, slurred speech, frequent episodes of partial vision loss or blurred vision), episodes of „disturbed/blackened” rather than blurry indicate moderate stage and require immediate medical attention to prevent further loss of vision. […] Many patients see full recovery but some see some lasting effects.

• #132 Optic neuritis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/optic-neuritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354958

  You’re likely to see an ophthalmologist for a diagnosis, which is generally based on your medical history and an exam. […] The optic disk becomes swollen in about one-third of people with optic neuritis. […] If you have optic neuritis, and you have two or more brain lesions evident on MRI scans, you might benefit from multiple sclerosis medications, such as interferon beta-1a or interferon beta-1b, that may delay or help prevent multiple sclerosis (MS). […] Most people regain close to normal vision within six months after an optic neuritis episode. […] People whose optic neuritis returns have a greater risk of developing MS, neuromyelitis optica or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disorder.

• #133 Optic Neuritis | North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society

  https://www.nanosweb.org/opticneuritis/

  Up to 35% of people with optic neuritis will have further episodes in the same eye or other eye. As of now, there are no medications, supplements, or other treatments proven to reduce the risk of recurrence unless you have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis or another neurological disease requiring immune suppression. […] The prognosis may be worse depending on the cause of the optic neuritis. Infections, such as syphilis, tuberculosis, Lyme disease and certain viruses, and autoimmune diseases, such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody disease, sarcoidosis, and lupus, can also cause optic neuritis. In these cases, the vision may not improve as much or at all. Many of these patients require specific treatments directed at the underlying cause (if an infection) or more aggressive treatment with steroids and other drugs that treat autoimmune inflammation. These can include intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasmapheresis.

• #134 Optic neuritis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/optic-neuritis

  People whose optic neuritis returns have a greater risk of developing MS, neuromyelitis optica or MOG antibody associated disorder. Optic neuritis can recur in people without underlying conditions, and those people generally have a better long-term prognosis for their vision than do people with MS or neuromyelitis optica.

• #135 Optic neuritis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/optic-neuritis

  People whose optic neuritis returns have a greater risk of developing MS, neuromyelitis optica or MOG antibody associated disorder. Optic neuritis can recur in people without underlying conditions, and those people generally have a better long-term prognosis for their vision than do people with MS or neuromyelitis optica.

• #136 Optic neuritis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/optic-neuritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354958

  You’re likely to see an ophthalmologist for a diagnosis, which is generally based on your medical history and an exam. […] The optic disk becomes swollen in about one-third of people with optic neuritis. […] If you have optic neuritis, and you have two or more brain lesions evident on MRI scans, you might benefit from multiple sclerosis medications, such as interferon beta-1a or interferon beta-1b, that may delay or help prevent multiple sclerosis (MS). […] Most people regain close to normal vision within six months after an optic neuritis episode. […] People whose optic neuritis returns have a greater risk of developing MS, neuromyelitis optica or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disorder.

• #137 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Optic Neuritis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4581115/

  Usually, the patients visual acuity improves. About 60% of patients regain normal acuity within two months; in the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial, only 6% of patients still had an acuity of less than 0.5 six months after onset. Visual contrast, visual fields, and color perception all improved as well. […] The clinical constellation of pain on eye movement, a relative afferent pupillary defect, and a normal or mildly edematous optic disc is pathognomonic for optic neuritis and suffices to establish the diagnosis. […] If optic neuritis takes an unfavorable course, is bilateral, or is accompanied by MRI findings that are atypical for multiple sclerosis, the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica or an NMO spectrum disorder should be considered. […] The adverse effects of corticosteroids must be weighed against their modest benefit in the treatment of optic neuritis.

• #138 Optic Neuritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557853/

  Diagnosis of optic neuritis involves both clinical evaluation and imaging studies. […] The mainstay of treatment for optic neuritis is high-dose corticosteroids, typically administered intravenously for a short course, followed by an oral taper. […] Visual function returns to near-normal levels over weeks to months whether or not treatment is initiated. However, visual recovery is hastened when treated with corticosteroid therapy. […] While most patients experience significant visual recovery within 3 to 6 months, some may be left with subtle deficits, such as impaired contrast sensitivity or color vision. Long-term follow-up is essential, particularly in individuals at risk of developing multiple sclerosis or recurrent episodes of optic neuritis.

• #139 Optic Neuritis Clinical Guide | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/neurological/depts/multiple-sclerosis/ms-approaches/optic-neuritis

  Visual acuity tends to recover over a period of weeks, and begins 2-4 weeks after onset. The prognosis for subjective visual recovery after acute demyelinating optic neuritis due to MS is generally good, and recovery begins within 2 to 4 weeks. However, objective evidence including low contrast letter acuity and OCT measures demonstrate longstanding evidence of damage following each ON episode. […] Following an episode of typical ON, patients can be followed using several clinical and imaging modalities to monitor recovery.

• #140

  https://msfocus.org/Magazine/Magazine-Items/Spring-2020/Taking-a-Closer-Look-at-Optic-Neuritis

  Optic neuritis occurs when there is inflammation in either or both optic nerves. The characteristic symptom of optic neuritis is therefore blurred vision (and sometimes even loss of vision) in the affected eye or eyes. There is also very commonly pain behind the eye, which increases with eye movement. Some people notice spots in their vision when they have optic neuritis, and there is often impairment of color vision in the affected eye. The inflammation of optic neuritis resolves on its own, usually during the course of several weeks. The pain of optic neuritis always goes away first, as the inflammation in the optic nerve resolves. Vision usually gets better, too, but more slowly. By far, most people with optic neuritis wind up with normal or near-normal vision after recovering, but not always. Up to 15 percent of people with optic neuritis are left with moderate to severe vision loss in the affected eye(s). Repetitive episodes of optic neuritis are likely to cause progressive vision loss. Almost all people who have had optic neuritis experience some damage to the optic nerve (a condition known as optic atrophy), even if vision recovers. Vision and optic nerve health are measured in a number of different ways, in order to diagnose and monitor optic neuritis. Visual acuity (reading the letters on the wall chart), color vision (usually looking at patterned colored spots and making out numbers), and peripheral vision testing are generally performed at the time of diagnosis, and at subsequent exams, to track progress. Once a person recovers from optic neuritis, the appearance of the optic nerve usually becomes pale (optic pallor or optic atrophy) because of damage to the optic nerve, whether or not vision recovery occurs. The swelling and atrophy of the optic nerve can be measured in the eye doctors office or MS clinic using a technique called optical coherence tomography. It is very beneficial in diagnosing optic neuritis, and for tracking the progress of optic nerve damage. Although optic neuritis can cause persistent visual problems, MS only rarely causes blindness.

• #141

  https://msfocus.org/Magazine/Magazine-Items/Spring-2020/Taking-a-Closer-Look-at-Optic-Neuritis

  Optic neuritis occurs when there is inflammation in either or both optic nerves. The characteristic symptom of optic neuritis is therefore blurred vision (and sometimes even loss of vision) in the affected eye or eyes. There is also very commonly pain behind the eye, which increases with eye movement. Some people notice spots in their vision when they have optic neuritis, and there is often impairment of color vision in the affected eye. The inflammation of optic neuritis resolves on its own, usually during the course of several weeks. The pain of optic neuritis always goes away first, as the inflammation in the optic nerve resolves. Vision usually gets better, too, but more slowly. By far, most people with optic neuritis wind up with normal or near-normal vision after recovering, but not always. Up to 15 percent of people with optic neuritis are left with moderate to severe vision loss in the affected eye(s). Repetitive episodes of optic neuritis are likely to cause progressive vision loss. Almost all people who have had optic neuritis experience some damage to the optic nerve (a condition known as optic atrophy), even if vision recovers. Vision and optic nerve health are measured in a number of different ways, in order to diagnose and monitor optic neuritis. Visual acuity (reading the letters on the wall chart), color vision (usually looking at patterned colored spots and making out numbers), and peripheral vision testing are generally performed at the time of diagnosis, and at subsequent exams, to track progress. Once a person recovers from optic neuritis, the appearance of the optic nerve usually becomes pale (optic pallor or optic atrophy) because of damage to the optic nerve, whether or not vision recovery occurs. The swelling and atrophy of the optic nerve can be measured in the eye doctors office or MS clinic using a technique called optical coherence tomography. It is very beneficial in diagnosing optic neuritis, and for tracking the progress of optic nerve damage. Although optic neuritis can cause persistent visual problems, MS only rarely causes blindness.

• #142

  https://msfocus.org/Magazine/Magazine-Items/Spring-2020/Taking-a-Closer-Look-at-Optic-Neuritis

  Optic neuritis occurs when there is inflammation in either or both optic nerves. The characteristic symptom of optic neuritis is therefore blurred vision (and sometimes even loss of vision) in the affected eye or eyes. There is also very commonly pain behind the eye, which increases with eye movement. Some people notice spots in their vision when they have optic neuritis, and there is often impairment of color vision in the affected eye. The inflammation of optic neuritis resolves on its own, usually during the course of several weeks. The pain of optic neuritis always goes away first, as the inflammation in the optic nerve resolves. Vision usually gets better, too, but more slowly. By far, most people with optic neuritis wind up with normal or near-normal vision after recovering, but not always. Up to 15 percent of people with optic neuritis are left with moderate to severe vision loss in the affected eye(s). Repetitive episodes of optic neuritis are likely to cause progressive vision loss. Almost all people who have had optic neuritis experience some damage to the optic nerve (a condition known as optic atrophy), even if vision recovers. Vision and optic nerve health are measured in a number of different ways, in order to diagnose and monitor optic neuritis. Visual acuity (reading the letters on the wall chart), color vision (usually looking at patterned colored spots and making out numbers), and peripheral vision testing are generally performed at the time of diagnosis, and at subsequent exams, to track progress. Once a person recovers from optic neuritis, the appearance of the optic nerve usually becomes pale (optic pallor or optic atrophy) because of damage to the optic nerve, whether or not vision recovery occurs. The swelling and atrophy of the optic nerve can be measured in the eye doctors office or MS clinic using a technique called optical coherence tomography. It is very beneficial in diagnosing optic neuritis, and for tracking the progress of optic nerve damage. Although optic neuritis can cause persistent visual problems, MS only rarely causes blindness.

• #143 Optic Neuritis Clinical Guide | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/neurological/depts/multiple-sclerosis/ms-approaches/optic-neuritis

  Visual acuity tends to recover over a period of weeks, and begins 2-4 weeks after onset. The prognosis for subjective visual recovery after acute demyelinating optic neuritis due to MS is generally good, and recovery begins within 2 to 4 weeks. However, objective evidence including low contrast letter acuity and OCT measures demonstrate longstanding evidence of damage following each ON episode. […] Following an episode of typical ON, patients can be followed using several clinical and imaging modalities to monitor recovery.

• #144

  https://msfocus.org/Magazine/Magazine-Items/Spring-2020/Taking-a-Closer-Look-at-Optic-Neuritis

  Optic neuritis occurs when there is inflammation in either or both optic nerves. The characteristic symptom of optic neuritis is therefore blurred vision (and sometimes even loss of vision) in the affected eye or eyes. There is also very commonly pain behind the eye, which increases with eye movement. Some people notice spots in their vision when they have optic neuritis, and there is often impairment of color vision in the affected eye. The inflammation of optic neuritis resolves on its own, usually during the course of several weeks. The pain of optic neuritis always goes away first, as the inflammation in the optic nerve resolves. Vision usually gets better, too, but more slowly. By far, most people with optic neuritis wind up with normal or near-normal vision after recovering, but not always. Up to 15 percent of people with optic neuritis are left with moderate to severe vision loss in the affected eye(s). Repetitive episodes of optic neuritis are likely to cause progressive vision loss. Almost all people who have had optic neuritis experience some damage to the optic nerve (a condition known as optic atrophy), even if vision recovers. Vision and optic nerve health are measured in a number of different ways, in order to diagnose and monitor optic neuritis. Visual acuity (reading the letters on the wall chart), color vision (usually looking at patterned colored spots and making out numbers), and peripheral vision testing are generally performed at the time of diagnosis, and at subsequent exams, to track progress. Once a person recovers from optic neuritis, the appearance of the optic nerve usually becomes pale (optic pallor or optic atrophy) because of damage to the optic nerve, whether or not vision recovery occurs. The swelling and atrophy of the optic nerve can be measured in the eye doctors office or MS clinic using a technique called optical coherence tomography. It is very beneficial in diagnosing optic neuritis, and for tracking the progress of optic nerve damage. Although optic neuritis can cause persistent visual problems, MS only rarely causes blindness.

• #145 Optic Neuritis Clinical Guide | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/neurological/depts/multiple-sclerosis/ms-approaches/optic-neuritis

  Visual acuity tends to recover over a period of weeks, and begins 2-4 weeks after onset. The prognosis for subjective visual recovery after acute demyelinating optic neuritis due to MS is generally good, and recovery begins within 2 to 4 weeks. However, objective evidence including low contrast letter acuity and OCT measures demonstrate longstanding evidence of damage following each ON episode. […] Following an episode of typical ON, patients can be followed using several clinical and imaging modalities to monitor recovery.

• #146 Adult Optic Neuritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1217083-overview

  The 10-year risk of developing clinically definite MS after a single episode of ON was 38% in the entire Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) study group; the 12-year risk was 40%. Most of those who developed MS did so within the first 5 years after the initial episode of ON. […] The strongest predictor of MS in the study group was the presence of brain lesions on MRI at the time of the ON episode. Within the study group, patients with at least 1 brain lesion on MRI at the time of the ON episode had a 56% risk of developing symptomatic MS within 10 years. Patients with „normal” MRI findings had a 16% risk for progression to clinically definite MS at 5-year follow-up; this increased to a 22% risk for MS within 10 years.

• #147 What’s the Connection Between MS and Optic Neuritis?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-sclerosis/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is the first sign of MS in about 15 to 20 percent of people who have MS. The lifetime risk of developing MS after an episode of optic neuritis is about 50 percent according to the Mayo Clinic. […] Symptoms of optic neuritis usually occur in one eye and might include: pain on eye movement or a dull ache behind your eye, vision loss or temporary reduction in vision, loss or dulling of color vision, reduced side vision, flashing lights or flickering lights with eye movement. […] Optic neuritis usually improves on its own, and certain medications may help speed your sight recovery if it doesn’t. Steroids are commonly used to treat optic neuritis, and they help reduce optic nerve inflammation. […] Monitoring vision for changes associated with optic neuritis is important. Doing so may present a window of time for your healthcare provider to try to prevent or delay MS progression.

• #148 Optic Neuritis: Symptoms and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320414

  However, in some cases, vision loss can be permanent. […] Once a person’s vision has restored, it is possible for them to get optic neuritis again. This particularly true for those with MS. […] If symptoms return, it is essential to consult a doctor right away. Immediate treatment for recurring symptoms could help prevent future episodes of optic neuritis.

• #149 What’s the Connection Between MS and Optic Neuritis?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-sclerosis/optic-neuritis

  Optic neuritis is the first sign of MS in about 15 to 20 percent of people who have MS. The lifetime risk of developing MS after an episode of optic neuritis is about 50 percent according to the Mayo Clinic. […] Symptoms of optic neuritis usually occur in one eye and might include: pain on eye movement or a dull ache behind your eye, vision loss or temporary reduction in vision, loss or dulling of color vision, reduced side vision, flashing lights or flickering lights with eye movement. […] Optic neuritis usually improves on its own, and certain medications may help speed your sight recovery if it doesn’t. Steroids are commonly used to treat optic neuritis, and they help reduce optic nerve inflammation. […] Monitoring vision for changes associated with optic neuritis is important. Doing so may present a window of time for your healthcare provider to try to prevent or delay MS progression.

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