Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vasculitis – Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/vasculitis/causes

  Vasculitis is an unexpected response by your bodys immune system that causes it to attack your blood vessels. What causes vasculitis is not fully known, but when it does occur, your blood vessels may narrow or close off as the vessel walls get thicker. […] Certain types of vasculitis, including the following, may run in families: […] Many medicines, including those listed below, have been linked to a higher risk of vasculitis. […] Other medical conditions may trigger vasculitis, too. […] Autoimmune disorders, such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderma can lead to vasculitis. […] COVID-19 can raise the risk of many types of vasculitis or trigger flares (repeat occurrences or worsening of symptoms) in children and adults who have a history of vasculitis. […] Hepatitis B or C infections sometimes trigger vasculitis. […] Lymphoma, a cancer of the blood, is another possible vasculitis trigger. […] Some types of vasculitis cannot be prevented because they are caused by autoimmune disorders. However, depending on what caused the vasculitis, it is possible to prevent some types from flaring up.

• #1 Overview of Vasculitis – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/vasculitis/overview-of-vasculitis

  Vasculitis may be characterized as primary or secondary. […] Primary vasculitis has no known cause. […] Secondary vasculitis may be triggered by an infection, a medication, or a toxin, or may occur as part of another inflammatory disorder (eg, systemic lupus erythematosus, relapsing polychondritis) or cancer. […] Treatment of vasculitis depends on the etiology, the type of vasculitis, and the extent and severity of disease. For secondary vasculitic disorders, treating the underlying disease (eg. for cryoglobulinemic vasculitis associated with hepatitis C) or removing the cause (eg, infection, medication, cancer) usually helps. […] For primary vasculitic disorders, treatment aims to induce and maintain remission.

• #1 Vasculitis (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/vasculitis-pro

  Vasculitis causes (aetiology) […] Idiopathic (45-55%). […] Infection (15-20%) – eg, Henoch-Schnlein purpura, septic vasculitis, upper respiratory tract flares of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). […] Inflammatory disease (15-20%) – eg, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. […] Drug-induced (10-15%) – eg, sulfonamides, beta-lactams, quinolones, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), oral contraceptives, thiazides, anti-influenza vaccines. Chemicals such as insecticides and petroleum products. […] Neoplastic (5%) – eg, as a result of a paraproteinaemia or lymphoproliferative disorder. […] […] […] Many attempts have been made to classify this group of diseases and several classifications are in existence. The Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC) broadly classified the causes of vasculitis into infective and non-infective and then went on to classify the non-infective causes further.

• #1 Causes of Vasculitis – Vasculitis UK

  https://www.vasculitis.org.uk/about-vasculitis/causes-of-vasculitis

  Research suggests that people probably develop vasculitis because of the complex interaction of their genetic inheritance, which may increase the risk of developing vasculitis, and exposure to chemicals in the environment or possibly some types of infection (including hepatitis B virus) which may trigger the vasculitis in someone who is susceptible. […] Several genes have been identified where one variety is more common in people with vasculitis and other types of autoimmune disease. This does not mean that the gene caused the vasculitis as many people with the vasculitis variety of gene never get vasculitis and some people with the not vasculitis version of the gene do get vasculitis. […] The variety of gene may not even be specific to one type of vasculitis but may be affecting the way the immune system responds to infections, chemicals or toxins.

• #1 Vasculitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545186/

  Vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of pathologies characterized by inflammation of vessels. […] The cause of various vasculitis is unknown there is a recognition in the literature of several risk factors that increase the incidence and prevalence of vasculitis, including geography, age, ethnicity, gender, genetic, and environmental factors. […] Studies have found the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B51 with Behcet disease, increasing the risk of disease susceptibility and disease severity. […] Several medications and certain infections have well-known associations with systemic vasculitis, e.g., hepatitis B with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), hepatitis C with mixed cryoglobulinemia, silica dust with pauci-immune vasculitis.

• #1 Vasculitis: Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12101-vasculitis

  Vasculitis is an autoimmune disease. […] Experts aren’t sure what makes your immune system attack your blood vessels and cause vasculitis. […] Some health conditions that cause inflammation in your body can trigger vasculitis. […] Some people develop vasculitis with no cause or trigger (developing it idiopathically). […] Some triggers of vasculitis include infections, other autoimmune diseases, as a side effect of some drugs and medications, and some types of cancer.

• #1 ANCA Vasculitis | UNC Kidney Center

  https://unckidneycenter.org/kidneyhealthlibrary/glomerular-disease/anca-vasculitis/

  ANCA vasculitis is a type of autoimmune disease that causes vasculitis. […] Many different things can cause vasculitis, including infection and autoimmune diseases. Here we will talk about autoimmune causes since ANCA vasculitis is a type of autoimmune vasculitis. […] ANCA vasculitis is an autoimmune disease affecting small blood vessels in the body. It is caused by autoantibodies called ANCAs, or Anti-Neutrophilic Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies. […] When ANCAs (the autoantibodies) attach to neutrophils, it makes the neutrophils attack small blood vessels in the body. This is how vasculitis (inflammation in blood vessels) happens in this disease. ANCAs cause neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) to attack small blood vessels, and the blood vessels become swollen and inflamed. […] ANCA vasculitis happens when autoantibodies (ANCAs) attack small blood vessels.

• #1 Cutaneous Vasculitis: Classification, Causes, and Features — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-vasculitis

  Cutaneous vasculitis has several different causes […] Many different insults may cause an identical inflammatory response within the blood vessel wall. Three main mechanisms are proposed. […] Direct injury to the vessel wall by bacteria or viruses […] Indirect injury by activation of antibodies […] Indirect injury through activation of complement, a group of proteins in the blood and tissue fluids that attack infection and foreign bodies.

• #1 Systemic Vasculitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0301/p556.html

  The systemic vasculitides are characterized by inflammation of blood vessel walls. […] Vasculitis refers to a heterogenous group of disorders in which there is inflammation and damage in blood vessel walls, leading to tissue necrosis. […] The pathogenesis of vasculitides is poorly understood. Three possible mechanisms of vascular damage are immune complex deposition, ANCAs (humoral response), and T-lymphocyte response with granuloma formation (cell-mediated). […] For almost all forms of vasculitis, the triggering event initiating and driving this inflammatory response is unknown. Many small vessel vasculitides have a paucity of vascular immune deposits and, therefore, other mechanisms have been sought for these so-called pauci-immune vasculitides.

• #1 Infectious Causes of Vasculitis | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/42990

  The vasculitides are a heterogeneous group of clinicopathological entities that share the common feature of vascular inflammation and injury. […] While some forms of vasculitides may be ascribed to underlying factors like infections, malignancy, drug reactions or connective tissue disorders, the cause may remain undetermined in many vasculitic syndromes. Immunologic damage by immune-complex deposition or cell-mediated hypersensitivity is responsible in the majority of cases. […] The possible immunopathologic mechanism in the causation of vasculitis are: […] Whatever the underlying mechanism, vascular inflammation and necrosis ensues which is often accompanied by thrombosis. […] Bacterial seeding of vessels may lead to necrosis through direct bacterial action. […] Immune response to bacteria or to bacterial components may also lead to vasculitis, usually by immune-complex-mediated mechanisms.

• #1 Vasculitis Treatment and Causes – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/medicine/rheumatology-inflammation-immunity/services/vasculitis

  Inflammation within blood vessels (vasculitis) can occur in large blood vessels, medium sized blood vessels, or small blood vessels (for example capillaries). […] In some cases, vasculitis occurs due to an underlying condition, which is referred to as secondary vasculitis. Secondary vasculitis can be caused by: […] Infections most cases of cryoglobulinemia are caused by the hepatitis C virus infection, and the hepatitis B virus infection can cause polyarteritis nodosa. […] Immune system diseases rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and scleroderma can lead to vasculitis. […] Allergic reactions an allergic reaction to a medication can cause vasculitis. […] Blood cell cancers leukemia and lymphoma can cause vasculitis. […] Exposure to chemicals/drugs.

• #1 Patient education: Vasculitis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vasculitis-beyond-the-basics/print

  CAUSES OF VASCULITIS […] In most cases, the cause of vasculitis is unknown. A combination of factors likely sets the inflammatory process in motion. […] Vasculitis can occur in conjunction with another illness, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. […] Vasculitis can develop as a reaction to certain drugs or other substances (called drug-induced vasculitis). […] Vasculitis can also occur as a result of infection such as the following viruses: hepatitis B or C, HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, or parvovirus B19. Vasculitis can also occur with some infections caused by bacteria. […] A few forms of vasculitis have been discovered to be caused by genetic mutations, although a strong genetic link to the vast majority of types of vasculitis has not been established. […] The group of diseases labeled as „vasculitis” often refers to several types of vasculitis with no obvious cause, also known as „idiopathic” vasculitis; this set of diseases is the focus of this discussion.

• #1 Infectious Causes of Vasculitis | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/42990

  In subacute bacterial endocarditis, direct spread via septic emboli and immune complex injury may occur. […] Staphylococcus and streptococcus infections are common causes. […] Mycotic aneurysms resulting from septic emboli are common with staphylococcus, streptococcus, and Salmonella species. […] The Rickettsiae are a group of obligate intracellular bacteria with tropism for vascular endothelium. […] Treponema pallidum and borrelia burgdorferi are also rare causes of infectious vasculitis.

• #1 IgA Vasculitis – Vasculitis Foundation

  https://vasculitisfoundation.org/education/vasculitis-types/iga-vasculitis/

  IgA (immunoglobulin A) vasculitis, formerly known as Henoch-Schnlein purpura, is a form of vasculitis—a family of rare disorders characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels, which can restrict blood flow and damage vital organs and tissues. […] The exact cause of IgA vasculitis is not fully understood. Vasculitis is classified as an autoimmune disorder, a disease that occurs when the body’s natural defense system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. In IgA vasculitis, the immunoglobulin A antibody—a type of antibody that works to fight infections—is thought to play a role in blood vessel inflammation. […] Studies show that 75 percent of people with IgA vasculitis develop the disease after an upper respiratory or gastrointestinal (GI) infection. Other possible triggers for IgA vasculitis include certain medicines, food reactions, insect bites, some vaccinations and, rarely, cancer.

• #1 Vasculitis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vasculitis/

  Vasculitis is the name of a group of conditions that cause inflammation of the blood vessels. […] This may be triggered by an infection, another underlying condition, or a medicine, although often the cause is unknown. […] Polyarteritis nodosa can sometimes be triggered by an infection, such as hepatitis B, but the exact cause is uncertain. […] Hypersensitivity vasculitis is usually caused by a reaction to a medicine, such as NSAIDs or certain antibiotics, and results in a temporary rash. […] Rheumatoid vasculitis is vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

• #1 Vasculitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vasculitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363435

  Experts don’t know the exact cause of vasculitis. Some types are linked to a person’s genes. Others result from the immune system attacking blood vessel cells by mistake. Causes of this immune system reaction may include: […] Infections, such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C. […] Blood cancers. […] Immune system diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and scleroderma. […] Reactions to certain medicines.

• #1 Urticarial Vasculitis: Symptoms, Triggers & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25204-urticarial-vasculitis

  Urticarial vasculitis can sometimes develop after a heath condition causes inflammation in your body. This is called a trigger. Some people develop urticarial vasculitis with no cause or trigger (developing it idiopathically). […] Experts arent sure what causes urticarial vasculitis. […] Vasculitis is an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases are the result of your immune system accidentally attacking your body instead of protecting it. […] Some triggers of urticarial vasculitis include: Infections, Other autoimmune diseases, As a side effect of some drugs and medications, Some types of cancer. […] Any autoimmune disease can trigger urticarial vasculitis, especially: Rheumatoid arthritis, Lupus, Sjgrens syndrome, Hypothyroidism. […] Some infections that trigger urticarial vasculitis include: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Mononucleosis (mono), COVID-19, Lyme disease.

• #1 Vasculitis

  https://www.pcds.org.uk/clinical-guidance/vasculitis-and-capillaritis

  Vasculitis can also be found secondary to a number of other conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, sarcoid and haematological malignancies. […] Causes include infection (10-15%), autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and rheumatoid arthritis (15-20%), and 5% of cases are associated with malignancy. […] Approximately 50% of cases are primary cutaneous small vessel vasculitis (idiopathic), which is a diagnosis of exclusion. […] The aetiology is thought to be an amplified immune response to an antigenic stimulus, such as an infection. […] Vasculitis can be secondary to inflammatory bowel disease, haematological and other malignancies.

• #1 Causes of Vasculitis Flare-Ups | ARBDA

  https://arthritissj.com/causes-of-vasculitis-flare-ups/

  Vasculitis can be categorized in two ways: primary and secondary. Primary vasculitis has no known causes, whereas secondary vasculitis is triggered by an underlying condition. […] Infections are considered to be the most common cause of secondary vasculitis, and they can trigger a flare-up in two different ways: The infection directly damages the walls of the blood vessels, causing inflammation. The infection triggers the body’s immune system to mistakenly attack its own blood vessels. […] Certain medications like penicillins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and allopurinol can trigger flare-ups. This is also known as drug-induced vasculitis (DIV). Although the cause of DIV is not completely understood, experts believe it is due to the immune system having an adverse effect to the drugs.

• #1 Vasculitis – Arthritis and Rheumatology Clinics of Kansas

  https://arck.org/patient-education/vasculitis/

  There are many specific diseases that fall under the heading of vasculitis, but oftentimes blood vessel inflammation is identified yet a specific disease cannot be diagnosed. […] The above diseases are considered primary forms of vasculitis, but a number of conditions are associated with what may be known as secondary vasculitis. Infections (HIV, hepatitis B or C, bacterial, fungal), cancers (leukemia, lymphoma, solid tumors), medications (PTU, hydralazine, antibiotics), and other rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogrens syndrome) have all been associated with different forms of vasculitis. […] When vasculitis is identified, therefore, it is prudent to search for potential secondary causes, which can greatly influence how the patient is treated.

• #1 Cutaneous vasculitis – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/cutaneous-vasculitis/

  What causes cutaneous vasculitis? […] In about half of cases, no cause is found. Cutaneous vasculitis may be a result of infection, medications, autoimmune diseases, malignancy (cancer) or blood disorders. These triggers can increase the activity of the immune system (the body’s defence system) and cause it to react to the blood vessels in a way that causes damage to their walls. […] Vasculitis may occur in patients who already have autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). […] More than 100 drugs have been associated with vasculitis. These include antibiotics, anticonvulsants, diuretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. […] Cancers may be associated with increased thickening of the blood or the development of antibodies which can cause blood vessel damage. Abnormalities of the red or white blood cells can also lead to vasculitis.

• #1 About Vasculitis – Lauren Currie Twilight Foundation

  https://thelaurencurrietwilightfoundation.org/about-lctf/about-vasculitis/

  Vasculitis is an auto-immune disease which causes inflammation of the blood vessels. […] Theres a consensus that an environmental agent, such as a virus, triggers vasculitis in a genetically susceptible individual. […] Theres evidence that environmental exposure to silica in coal mining increases the likelihood of vasculitis, but other environmental factors have not been identified. […] Infections, such as with the bacteria staphylococcus and sterptococcus, have also been implicated.

• #1 Rheumatoid Vasculitis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/r/rheumatoid-vasculitis.html

  Rheumatoid vasculitis is a condition that causes blood vessels to be inflamed. […] Experts are still working to understand what causes this disease. The immune system is very complex. A combination of effects likely leads to rheumatoid vasculitis. Genes are likely part of the cause. […] You may have a higher risk for rheumatoid vasculitis if you’ve had severe RA for a long time. Smoking may also increase your risk. […] Rheumatoid vasculitis is a condition that causes inflammation of small or medium-sized blood vessels. It happens in some people who have had RA for a long time. […] You may be able to reduce your risk for rheumatoid vasculitis by getting early, active treatment for your RA. Not smoking may also help reduce your risk.

• #1 Vasculitis: Causes and Treating Painful Rash Symptoms

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/vasculitis-8406629

  Vasculitis is a medical condition involving swollen or inflamed blood vessels that can affect different parts of the body. It can be caused by viruses such as hepatitis B or C, other infections, side effects of medications, cancer, or autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). […] Vasculitis can have many different causes, and sometimes the cause is not known. […] Some possibilities include: Autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Cancer, Cocaine use and other illegal drugs, Genetics, Infections, Medications, including hydralazine and propylthiouracil, Smoking. […] An autoimmune response causes some types of vasculitis. Other causes may include cancer, infections, and smoking.

• #1 Vasculitis: Treatment, symptoms, causes, and types

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/189281

  Vasculitis occurs when the bodys immune system mistakenly attacks its blood vessels. Some known triggers are: […] Typically, when blood vessels are affected by vasculitis, they become inflamed. This causes: […] Less blood flow means less oxygen and nutrients reaching organs and body tissues. As a result, the affected blood vessel is more susceptible to blood clots, partly because it is narrower. If the blood vessels weaken, an aneurysm, or bulge, may form.

• #1 IgA Vasculitis: Etiology, Treatment, Biomarkers and Epigenetic Changes

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/14/7538

  IgA vasculitis and related organ dysfunction are representative IgA-mediated autoimmune diseases; bacterial and viral infections often trigger IgA vasculitis. […] Many types of bacteria and viruses are thought to be associated with the pathogenesis of IgA vasculitis. The representative causative pathogens are Streptococcus, S. aureus, Helicobacter pylori, varicella-zoster virus, hepatitis virus, Parvovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, and Clostridium difficile. Therefore, these microorganisms are triggers for the development of IgA vasculitis. […] Aberrant IgA responses underlie the pathogenesis of IgA vasculitis. Especially, in IgA nephritis patients, IgA1 is aberrantly glycosylated, and the hinge-region O-linked glycans are galactose-deficient. Galactose-deficient IgA1 shows a better binding efficacy to mesangial cells compared with normal glycosylated IgA1, suggesting that the modification of the hinge region in IgA1 is key to inducing IgA-mediated vascular damage.

• #1 Vasculitis Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/vasculitis/article.htm

  Vasculitis may be a primary disease that occurs by on its own or a secondary condition related to another underlying illness. […] The cause of vasculitis is usually not known. It may occur on its own, or may be associated with other conditions or diseases. […] Immune system abnormality and inflammation of blood vessels are common features. Each form of vasculitis has its own characteristic pattern of symptoms, much of which depends on what particular organs are affected. […] Risk factors for developing vasculitis may include: Age: Some types of vasculitis occur more often in people at certain ages, Genetics: Some types of vasculitis may run in families, Ethnicity: Certain types of vasculitis are more prevalent in some populations, Gender: Some kinds of vasculitis are more common in one gender, Lifestyle habits, Use of some medications, Other medical conditions.

• #1 Causes of Vasculitis : Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center

  https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/vasculitis/vasculitis/

  There are many different types of vasculitis, some with different causes than others. […] Certain forms of vasculitis that can be due to infection where the microbe directly invades the vessel wall. […] Other infections can provoke the immune system into causing damage in blood vessels. […] Other types of vasculitis may be due to an allergic-type reaction to medications. […] However, the causes of most vasculitides are currently unknown. […] We do not know the specific causes of these diseases. […] These forms of vasculitis of unknown cause are considered autoimmune diseases. […] Uncovering the causes of vasculitis is a major goal of vasculitis research. […] While we may not know the specific causes of the vasculitidies, we do have a basic understanding of the way that the immune system causes organ damage in these conditions.

• #1 Understanding ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (AAV)

  https://www.anca101.com/

  Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis describes a group of rare diseases that cause inflammation in small- to medium-sized blood vessels in your body. This inflammation can reduce blood flow, impacting the organs and how they work. The exact cause of ANCA-associated vasculitis is currently unknown, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. […] AAV could lead to impacted organ function, especially in the lungs and kidneys. […] AAV threatens the kidneys or another organ in about 80% – 90% of cases, which can be considered severe active disease.

• #1 Hypersensitivity vasculitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/hypersensitivity-vasculitis

  Hypersensitivity vasculitis is an extreme reaction to a drug, infection, or foreign substance. It leads to inflammation and damage to blood vessels, mainly in the skin. […] Hypersensitivity vasculitis, or cutaneous small vessel vasculitis, is caused by: An allergic reaction to a drug or other foreign substance, A reaction to an infection. […] Often, the cause of the problem cannot be found even with a careful study of the person’s medical history.

• #2 Vasculitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vasculitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363435

  Experts don’t know the exact cause of vasculitis. Some types are linked to a person’s genes. Others result from the immune system attacking blood vessel cells by mistake. Causes of this immune system reaction may include: […] Infections, such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C. […] Blood cancers. […] Immune system diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and scleroderma. […] Reactions to certain medicines.

• #2 Vasculitis and kidney disease | American Kidney Fund

  https://www.kidneyfund.org/all-about-kidneys/other-kidney-diseases/vasculitis-and-kidney-disease

  Vasculitis is a group of autoimmune diseases that causes inflammation of the blood vessels. […] Doctors do not always know the cause of vasculitis. When doctors do not know the cause, it is called primary vasculitis. […] When doctors know the cause, it is called secondary vasculitis. Specific types of vasculitis may be caused by: Certain medicines or drugs, Infections, such as hepatitis B or C, Other autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, although these are rare, Genetics.

• #2 Causes of Vasculitis : Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center

  https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/vasculitis/vasculitis/

  There are many different types of vasculitis, some with different causes than others. […] Certain forms of vasculitis that can be due to infection where the microbe directly invades the vessel wall. […] Other infections can provoke the immune system into causing damage in blood vessels. […] Other types of vasculitis may be due to an allergic-type reaction to medications. […] However, the causes of most vasculitides are currently unknown. […] We do not know the specific causes of these diseases. […] These forms of vasculitis of unknown cause are considered autoimmune diseases. […] Uncovering the causes of vasculitis is a major goal of vasculitis research. […] While we may not know the specific causes of the vasculitidies, we do have a basic understanding of the way that the immune system causes organ damage in these conditions.

• #2 Vasculitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545186/

  Vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of pathologies characterized by inflammation of vessels. […] The cause of various vasculitis is unknown there is a recognition in the literature of several risk factors that increase the incidence and prevalence of vasculitis, including geography, age, ethnicity, gender, genetic, and environmental factors. […] Studies have found the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B51 with Behcet disease, increasing the risk of disease susceptibility and disease severity. […] Several medications and certain infections have well-known associations with systemic vasculitis, e.g., hepatitis B with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), hepatitis C with mixed cryoglobulinemia, silica dust with pauci-immune vasculitis.

• #2 Vasculitis | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/vasculitis

  Vasculitis belongs to the family of autoimmune diseases, in which the bodys immune system is mistakenly attacking its own healthy cells and tissues. Researchers dont yet understand exactly why this happens, but believe there is a combination of genetic and environmental factors at work. […] Among the factors that seem to trigger certain kinds of vasculitis are infections, like hepatitis B and streptococcus; other autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and scleroderma; and cancers that affect the blood cells, like leukemia and lymphoma. However, many children who have these illnesses do not develop vasculitis which underscores the fact that its causes are complex and, so far, not fully known.

• #2 Vasculitis – Types, Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/rheumatology/types-vasculitis

  Researchers continue to investigate what causes most forms of vasculitis. It is classified as an autoimmune disease, because the bodys immune system attacks blood vessels. […] Some risk factors have been identified for a few types of vasculitis. Reactions to some medications, past infections with certain bacteria or viruses (hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus), exposure to environmental factors and smoking have all been linked to one or more types of vasculitis.

• #2 ANCA Vasculitis | UNC Kidney Center

  https://unckidneycenter.org/kidneyhealthlibrary/glomerular-disease/anca-vasculitis/

  ANCA glomerulonephritis is the term we use when ANCA vasculitis has affected or involved the kidneys, and when this happens there is inflammation and swelling in the kidney filters. […] The inflammation in the kidneys from the antibodies (ANCAs) attacking the glomeruli (filters) also causes the kidney function to get worse, which means that the kidneys are not able to clean the blood by getting rid of toxins/waste, fluid, and electrolytes in the urine. […] Treatment of ANCA vasculitis is complicated and should include specialists for the organs/body parts involved. When the autoantibodies (ANCAs) attack different parts of the body, they can damage those areas. […] Because the immune system (antibodies and white blood cells) is causing the inflammation and damage, treatment involves trying to suppress or quiet the immune system.

• #2 Pathology Outlines – Cutaneous vasculitis

  https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/skinnontumorvasculitis.html

  Vasculitis represents inflammation of the capillaries, postcapillary venules and small, medium and large sized vessels. […] Etiology of cutaneous vasculitis is multifactorial but generally presents as a result of an immune hypersensitivity reaction, associated with direct damage of the vessel wall and inflammation. […] Small vessel vasculitis: Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis: Type III hypersensitivity reaction. […] Could be idiopathic or associated with underlying systemic disease (e.g., connective tissue disorders, infections, drugs). […] Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: Type III hypersensitivity. […] Cryoglobulin immune deposits affecting small vessels. […] Microscopic polyangiitis: Vasculitis of small to medium vessels with leukocytoclasia. […] Host derived autoantibodies against neutrophilic antigens, antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) causing neutrophilic degranulation and damage of the endothelium.

• #2 Vasculitis Information for Patients | RDS

  https://www.rheumaderm-society.org/vasculitis-information-for-patients/

  Vasculitis is defined as inflammation of blood vessel walls. […] In almost half of cases of small vessel vasculitis of the skin, a specific cause is never identified (called idiopathic). Otherwise, vasculitis usually occurs as a reaction to something else going on in the body. In about 15-20% of cases, an infection is the cause. Examples include bacterial infections such as Streptococcus and viral infections such as an upper respiratory tract infection or hepatitis B and C. Another 15-20% of patients may have vasculitis as a consequence of some other condition in the body that causes excessive inflammation. Examples include inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjogrens syndrome. In 10-15% of cases, medications such as antibiotics and NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are the cause of the small vessel vasculitis. Rarely, the vasculitis can occur as a reaction to an underlying cancer in the body.

• #2 Infectious Causes of Vasculitis | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/42990

  The vasculitides are a heterogeneous group of clinicopathological entities that share the common feature of vascular inflammation and injury. […] While some forms of vasculitides may be ascribed to underlying factors like infections, malignancy, drug reactions or connective tissue disorders, the cause may remain undetermined in many vasculitic syndromes. Immunologic damage by immune-complex deposition or cell-mediated hypersensitivity is responsible in the majority of cases. […] The possible immunopathologic mechanism in the causation of vasculitis are: […] Whatever the underlying mechanism, vascular inflammation and necrosis ensues which is often accompanied by thrombosis. […] Bacterial seeding of vessels may lead to necrosis through direct bacterial action. […] Immune response to bacteria or to bacterial components may also lead to vasculitis, usually by immune-complex-mediated mechanisms.

• #2 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984105-overview

  The etiology of IgAV remains to be clearly defined but is thought to be multifactorial, with genetic, environmental, and antigenic components. More than 75% of patients report antecedent upper respiratory tract or GI infection. Multiple bacterial and viral infectious agents have been associated with the development of IgAV, and cases also have been reported in association with medication use and vaccinations. […] Infections that may precede the development of IgAV include the following: Group A streptococcal infection (most common), infectious mononucleosis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, hepatitis, mycoplasma infection, campylobacter enteritis, Helicobacter pylori infection (especially noted in China), Yersinia infection, Shigella infection, Salmonella infection, brucellosis, Legionella infection, parvovirus infection, adenovirus infection, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection, rotavirus infection, COVID-19.

• #2 Vasculitis Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/vasculitis/article.htm

  The classification of vasculitis is based upon whether the disease is limited only to the blood vessels and the size of the blood vessels involved. […] Vasculitis associated with a probable cause. An example includes hepatitis B virus-associated polyarteritis nodosa. […] The cause of vasculitis is not yet known and may kinds of vasculitis cannot be prevented.

• #2 Pathology Outlines – Cutaneous vasculitis

  https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/skinnontumorvasculitis.html

  Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Type I hypersensitivity reaction. […] Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Type II hypersensitivity. […] Etiology is unknown. […] Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN): Type III hypersensitivity. […] Pathogenesis is unknown. […] Systemic and cutaneous PAN. […] Immune complex mediated; associated with complement activation. […] Associated with hepatitis B virus and adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency. […] Kawasaki disease: Coronary arteritis is caused by an immune response. […] Inflammation of the intima, media and adventitia. […] Vasculitis associated with probable etiology: Caused by drugs, infections (sepsis) or autoimmune conditions such as Sjögren syndrome. […] Present with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis.

• #2 Urticarial Vasculitis: Symptoms, Triggers & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25204-urticarial-vasculitis

  Urticarial vasculitis can sometimes develop after a heath condition causes inflammation in your body. This is called a trigger. Some people develop urticarial vasculitis with no cause or trigger (developing it idiopathically). […] Experts arent sure what causes urticarial vasculitis. […] Vasculitis is an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases are the result of your immune system accidentally attacking your body instead of protecting it. […] Some triggers of urticarial vasculitis include: Infections, Other autoimmune diseases, As a side effect of some drugs and medications, Some types of cancer. […] Any autoimmune disease can trigger urticarial vasculitis, especially: Rheumatoid arthritis, Lupus, Sjgrens syndrome, Hypothyroidism. […] Some infections that trigger urticarial vasculitis include: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Mononucleosis (mono), COVID-19, Lyme disease.

• #2 Rheumatoid Vasculitis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/r/rheumatoid-vasculitis.html

  Rheumatoid vasculitis is a condition that causes blood vessels to be inflamed. […] Experts are still working to understand what causes this disease. The immune system is very complex. A combination of effects likely leads to rheumatoid vasculitis. Genes are likely part of the cause. […] You may have a higher risk for rheumatoid vasculitis if you’ve had severe RA for a long time. Smoking may also increase your risk. […] Rheumatoid vasculitis is a condition that causes inflammation of small or medium-sized blood vessels. It happens in some people who have had RA for a long time. […] You may be able to reduce your risk for rheumatoid vasculitis by getting early, active treatment for your RA. Not smoking may also help reduce your risk.

• #2 Vasculitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/vasculitis-treatment

  Vasculitis causes your blood vessels to narrow, which can cut off blood supply to your tissues and organs. […] Doctors dont know exactly what causes many cases of vasculitis. But there are some possible triggers: Autoimmune diseases like RA, lupus, or Sjgren’s syndrome […] Infections, such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C, that set off an unusual immune system reaction that damages your blood vessels […] Allergic reactions to medications […] Certain blood cancers, like leukemia and lymphoma.

• #2 Vasculitis – Symptoms, Causes, Types, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.premiermedicalhv.com/divisions/services/vasculitis/

  Vasculitis most often occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the blood vessels. This can happen as a reaction to a specific medicine, infection, or an underlying disease. In many cases, the exact cause isn’t known. […] Because of this, many think that vasculitis is an autoimmune disorder. However, the disease’s exact cause remains unknown, so only some forms of the condition are classified as autoimmune conditions. Vasculitis can also be one part of preexisting autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma. […] The cause of vasculitis isn’t fully known. Many researchers think some forms of the condition are related to a person’s ancestry and genetic makeup. Other types of vasculitis are a result of an immune system reaction. If your vasculitis is related to the immune system, it may have been caused by any of the following: A reaction to a certain drug, Certain infections, such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C, Blood cancers. Other immune system diseases, like lupus, scleroderma, and rheumatoid arthritis, can also trigger vasculitis in various parts of the body.

• #2 Vasculitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  http://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/guide/vasculitis-treatment?src=rsf_full-1673_pub_none_xlnk

  Vasculitis causes your blood vessels to narrow, which can cut off blood supply to your tissues and organs. […] Doctors dont know exactly what causes many cases of vasculitis. But there are some possible triggers: Autoimmune diseases like RA, lupus, or Sjgren’s syndrome, infections, such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C, that set off an unusual immune system reaction that damages your blood vessels, allergic reactions to medications, certain blood cancers, like leukemia and lymphoma.

• #2 Pulsenotes | Vasculitis

  https://app.pulsenotes.com/medicine/rheumatology/notes/vasculitis

  Connective tissue diseases are commonly associated with vasculitis and can include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, relapsing polychondritis, or sarcoidosis. […] Infections linked with the development of vasculitis may include hepatitis B/C and syphilis. […] Many drugs can lead to a cutaneous small vessel vasculitis from a type of hypersensitivity reaction (type III) with formation of immune complexes. […] Some drugs can even cause an ANCA-associated vasculitis pattern.

• #2 Causes of Vasculitis Flare-Ups | ARBDA

  https://arthritissj.com/causes-of-vasculitis-flare-ups/

  Vasculitis can be categorized in two ways: primary and secondary. Primary vasculitis has no known causes, whereas secondary vasculitis is triggered by an underlying condition. […] Infections are considered to be the most common cause of secondary vasculitis, and they can trigger a flare-up in two different ways: The infection directly damages the walls of the blood vessels, causing inflammation. The infection triggers the body’s immune system to mistakenly attack its own blood vessels. […] Certain medications like penicillins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and allopurinol can trigger flare-ups. This is also known as drug-induced vasculitis (DIV). Although the cause of DIV is not completely understood, experts believe it is due to the immune system having an adverse effect to the drugs.

• #2 Small-Vessel Vasculitis – Rheumatology Advisor

  https://www.rheumatologyadvisor.com/ddi/small-vessel-vasculitis/

  Precisely what causes small-vessel vasculitis is not fully understood. It can be triggered by an allergic reaction to a drug or food, or an infection such as an upper respiratory tract infection or virus (eg, hepatitis B or C, or HIV), and rarely, cancer. The main drugs linked to an increased risk for small-vessel vasculitis include penicillin, cephalosporins, sulfonamides (including most loop and thiazide-type diuretics), phenytoin, and allopurinol. […] The initial management of small-vessel vasculitis involves addressing the agent that precipitated the disease. Patients may need to stop taking the medication, avoid the food allergen, or treat the underlying infection that caused the small-vessel vasculitis.

• #2 Hypersensitivity vasculitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/hypersensitivity-vasculitis

  Hypersensitivity vasculitis is an extreme reaction to a drug, infection, or foreign substance. It leads to inflammation and damage to blood vessels, mainly in the skin. […] Hypersensitivity vasculitis, or cutaneous small vessel vasculitis, is caused by: An allergic reaction to a drug or other foreign substance, A reaction to an infection. […] Often, the cause of the problem cannot be found even with a careful study of the person’s medical history.

• #2 Vasculitis

  https://www.pcds.org.uk/clinical-guidance/vasculitis-and-capillaritis

  Vasculitis can also be found secondary to a number of other conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, sarcoid and haematological malignancies. […] Causes include infection (10-15%), autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and rheumatoid arthritis (15-20%), and 5% of cases are associated with malignancy. […] Approximately 50% of cases are primary cutaneous small vessel vasculitis (idiopathic), which is a diagnosis of exclusion. […] The aetiology is thought to be an amplified immune response to an antigenic stimulus, such as an infection. […] Vasculitis can be secondary to inflammatory bowel disease, haematological and other malignancies.

• #2 Vasculitis Treatment and Causes – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/medicine/rheumatology-inflammation-immunity/services/vasculitis

  Inflammation within blood vessels (vasculitis) can occur in large blood vessels, medium sized blood vessels, or small blood vessels (for example capillaries). […] In some cases, vasculitis occurs due to an underlying condition, which is referred to as secondary vasculitis. Secondary vasculitis can be caused by: […] Infections most cases of cryoglobulinemia are caused by the hepatitis C virus infection, and the hepatitis B virus infection can cause polyarteritis nodosa. […] Immune system diseases rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and scleroderma can lead to vasculitis. […] Allergic reactions an allergic reaction to a medication can cause vasculitis. […] Blood cell cancers leukemia and lymphoma can cause vasculitis. […] Exposure to chemicals/drugs.

• #2 Vasculitis Information for Patients | RDS

  https://www.rheumaderm-society.org/vasculitis-information-for-patients/

  Causes of combined vasculitis of small and medium sized blood vessels include cryoglobulinemia and ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody)-positive diseases. In cryoglobulinemia, the antibodies that help us fight infections collect together in colder temperatures and then attack our blood vessels which results in vasculitis; this can occur as a result of infections such as hepatitis C, autoimmune conditions such as those listed above, and lymphomas (cancer of the lymphatic system). ANCA-positive vasculitis is an autoimmune condition of unclear cause, although it can rarely be associated with certain medications. […] Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a vasculitis of medium sized blood vessels. Similar to small vessel vasculitis of the skin, there are multiple potential causes as listed above.

• #2 Causas de las Vasculitis | Factores de riesgo | PortalCLÍNIC

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/vasculitis/causes-and-risk-factors

  The underlying cause of vasculitis is unknown, except in cases due to an infectious agent or medication such as those associated with hepatitis B or C viruses (HBV or HCV, respectively), cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis or cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis, preceded by an infection or the use of certain medicines. […] Researchers have identified a certain degree of genetic predisposition in some types of vasculitis (which does not entail transmission between generations). While in others they have observed that some hormonal (because certain types predominate in women and others in children) and environmental factors (such as prior contact with infections) contribute to the activation of the inflammatory response in blood vessel walls. […] Although it is relatively rare, some specific infections are associated with the development of (secondary) vasculitis such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and HIV. On the other hand, viral or bacterial infections or the use of certain medications or toxic substances can give rise to some types of cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis. Treatment of underlying infections or avoiding any medicines associated with the development of vasculitis is crucial when it comes to resolving the actual vasculitis.

• #2 Causes of ANCA Vasculitis | ANCA Vasculitis NewsEnvelope icon

  https://ancavasculitisnews.com/causes-of-anca-vasculitis/

  Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammation of small blood vessels. […] Although scientists understand how AAV damages the body, the factors causing immune system malfunction are largely unknown. Studies point to a combination of genetics and environmental factors, such as exposure to pollutants and certain drugs, as well as microbial infections. […] There is growing evidence that genetics have an important contribution to AAV, potentially in combination with a bacterial or viral infection, but the mechanisms of how these factors may be linked to ANCA vasculitis are not well understood. […] There is evidence for the role of silica — a compound present in sand, soil, and rock that stimulates inflammatory reactions — in the development of AAV.

• #2 Vasculitis | Heart and Vascular

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/vasculitis

  Vasculitis is an autoimmune disorder. This means your immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. This leads to inflammation in your vessels. […] For most people who develop vasculitis, the cause is not known. Certain things may trigger immune system processes that lead to vasculitis. Possible triggers include allergens, genetic differences, infections, medications or other illnesses. […] There are some factors that can increase your risk of vasculitis, including the following: […] Vasculitis may run in families. Certain genes passed down from your parents may increase your chances for vasculitis. […] Certain medications raise your risk. Examples include allopurinol for gout, hydralazine for high blood pressure, levamisole for infections and propylthiouracil for thyroid disorders. […] Conditions such as autoimmune disorders, hepatitis B or hepatitis C and lymphoma may raise your risk. […] Smoking raises your risk of certain types of vasculitis. Using cocaine, marijuana, and other drugs also raises your risk.

• #2 Cutaneous Vasculitis: Classification, Causes, and Features — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-vasculitis

  Cutaneous vasculitis has several different causes […] Many different insults may cause an identical inflammatory response within the blood vessel wall. Three main mechanisms are proposed. […] Direct injury to the vessel wall by bacteria or viruses […] Indirect injury by activation of antibodies […] Indirect injury through activation of complement, a group of proteins in the blood and tissue fluids that attack infection and foreign bodies.

• #2 Systemic Vasculitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0301/p556.html

  The systemic vasculitides are characterized by inflammation of blood vessel walls. […] Vasculitis refers to a heterogenous group of disorders in which there is inflammation and damage in blood vessel walls, leading to tissue necrosis. […] The pathogenesis of vasculitides is poorly understood. Three possible mechanisms of vascular damage are immune complex deposition, ANCAs (humoral response), and T-lymphocyte response with granuloma formation (cell-mediated). […] For almost all forms of vasculitis, the triggering event initiating and driving this inflammatory response is unknown. Many small vessel vasculitides have a paucity of vascular immune deposits and, therefore, other mechanisms have been sought for these so-called pauci-immune vasculitides.

• #2 Vasculitis Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/conditions/vasculitis

  Vasculitis happens when your immune system attacks your blood vessels by mistake. […] While doctors don’t know exactly why this happens, some risk factors can include: Autoimmune disorders like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderma. […] Vasculitis can damage blood vessels, causing them to become thick, weak, narrow, or scarred. This can limit blood flow, keeping your organs and tissues from getting the oxygen and nutrients they need.

• #2 IgA Vasculitis: Etiology, Treatment, Biomarkers and Epigenetic Changes

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/14/7538

  The cytokine profiles in the sera are shown in Table 1. General proinflammatory and inflammatory cytokines are increased in IgA vasculitis and nephritis, such as IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. […] The immune complex also enhances C3 and C5 production in endothelial cells, inducing IL-8, E-selectin, and ICAM 1 production. Infiltration of inflammatory cells also increased the expression of ICAM 1.

• #2 Vasculitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasculitis

  Vasculitis is primarily caused by leukocyte migration and resultant damage. […] There are several different etiologies for vasculitides. Although infections usually involve vessels as a component of more extensive tissue damage, they can also directly or indirectly cause vasculitic syndromes through immune-mediated secondary events. […] The autoimmune etiologies, a particular family of diseases characterized by dysregulated immune responses that produce particular pathophysiologic signs and symptoms, are more prevalent.

• #2 Vasculitis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vasculitis/

  Vasculitis is the name of a group of conditions that cause inflammation of the blood vessels. […] This may be triggered by an infection, another underlying condition, or a medicine, although often the cause is unknown. […] Polyarteritis nodosa can sometimes be triggered by an infection, such as hepatitis B, but the exact cause is uncertain. […] Hypersensitivity vasculitis is usually caused by a reaction to a medicine, such as NSAIDs or certain antibiotics, and results in a temporary rash. […] Rheumatoid vasculitis is vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

• #2 Overview of Vasculitis – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/vasculitis/overview-of-vasculitis

  Vasculitis may be characterized as primary or secondary. […] Primary vasculitis has no known cause. […] Secondary vasculitis may be triggered by an infection, a medication, or a toxin, or may occur as part of another inflammatory disorder (eg, systemic lupus erythematosus, relapsing polychondritis) or cancer. […] Treatment of vasculitis depends on the etiology, the type of vasculitis, and the extent and severity of disease. For secondary vasculitic disorders, treating the underlying disease (eg. for cryoglobulinemic vasculitis associated with hepatitis C) or removing the cause (eg, infection, medication, cancer) usually helps. […] For primary vasculitic disorders, treatment aims to induce and maintain remission.

• #3 Vasculitis | Symptoms, causes | Versus Arthritis

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/vasculitis/

  Vasculitis is uncommon. Overall, in every 100,000 people in the UK, only 1015 will develop vasculitis each year. […] There’s no single cause of vasculitis, and in most cases the exact cause is unknown. We know that vasculitis isn’t directly inherited through the genes we get from our parents, but genetic factors do play a part as several cases can occur in the same family. Your genes could make you more likely to develop the condition, in which case it may only take a small trigger (such as an infection or drugs) to start this off. […] It’s thought that most forms of vasculitis are a type of autoimmune disease. This means that your body’s defence mechanisms aren’t doing their normal job of fighting infections, but instead attack a healthy part of the body, causing inflammation.

• #3 Causes of Vasculitis Flare-Ups | ARBDA

  https://arthritissj.com/causes-of-vasculitis-flare-ups/

  Vasculitis can be categorized in two ways: primary and secondary. Primary vasculitis has no known causes, whereas secondary vasculitis is triggered by an underlying condition. […] Infections are considered to be the most common cause of secondary vasculitis, and they can trigger a flare-up in two different ways: The infection directly damages the walls of the blood vessels, causing inflammation. The infection triggers the body’s immune system to mistakenly attack its own blood vessels. […] Certain medications like penicillins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and allopurinol can trigger flare-ups. This is also known as drug-induced vasculitis (DIV). Although the cause of DIV is not completely understood, experts believe it is due to the immune system having an adverse effect to the drugs.

• #3 Vasculitis: Blood Vessel Symptoms, Causes, Treatments | HSS

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_vasculitis.asp

  Vasculitis can be caused by infections, medications, malignancies or be related to systemic autoimmune disease. […] Vasculitis can occur as a disease unto itself, or in the context of an autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or antiphospholipid syndrome. In those autoimmune diseases, the body perceives its own tissue as „foreign” and the immune system attacks the bodys own blood vessels.

• #3 Causes of Vasculitis Flare-Ups | ARBDA

  https://arthritissj.com/causes-of-vasculitis-flare-ups/

  Chronic stress has been linked to worsening autoimmune conditions. A study conducted by the Hospital for Special Surgery found that patients with a type of vasculitis known as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) were 19% more likely to experience a flare if they had lower mental health scores during remission. […] Exposure to environmental conditions is recognized as a potential trigger for vasculitis flare-ups. […] Fluctuations in hormones, especially during and after menopause, could play a role in triggering vasculitis flare-ups. […] Infections are one of the most prominent triggers of vasculitis flare-ups. Certain bacteria and viruses like hepatitis B and C, streptococcus, and even SARS-CoV-2 (the virus responsible for COVID-19) can either trigger the onset of vasculitis or reactivate the disease in patients already in remission. […] Stress is linked to a higher chance of disease flare-ups, especially in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly called Wegener’s granulomatosis). Researchers found that patients in remission were 19% more likely to flare if their mental health scores dropped by just five points.

• #3 Cutaneous vasculitis – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/cutaneous-vasculitis/

  What causes cutaneous vasculitis? […] In about half of cases, no cause is found. Cutaneous vasculitis may be a result of infection, medications, autoimmune diseases, malignancy (cancer) or blood disorders. These triggers can increase the activity of the immune system (the body’s defence system) and cause it to react to the blood vessels in a way that causes damage to their walls. […] Vasculitis may occur in patients who already have autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). […] More than 100 drugs have been associated with vasculitis. These include antibiotics, anticonvulsants, diuretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. […] Cancers may be associated with increased thickening of the blood or the development of antibodies which can cause blood vessel damage. Abnormalities of the red or white blood cells can also lead to vasculitis.

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