Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Nummular dermatitis – Altmeyers Encyclopedia – Department Dermatology

  https://www.altmeyers.org/en/dermatology/nummular-dermatitis-119149

  Not uncommon, the data on prevalence varies considerably: between 0.1 and 9.1%.

• #2 Nummular Eczema | Obgyn Key

  https://obgynkey.com/nummular-eczema/

  Prevalence is reported to range widely from 0.1 to 9.1 percent. It is slightly more common in males than in females. Males are also affected at a later age (peak older than age 50 years) than females (peak younger than age 30 years). It is less common in children.

• #3 Discoid Eczema: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/atopic-eczema/discoid-eczema

  Discoid eczema is quite common and probably affects about 2 in 1,000 people. […] It seems to be more common in men than in women. Discoid eczema can affect men and women of any age but it most commonly affects people aged between 50 and 65 and women between the ages of 15 and 25. It is rare in children.

• #4 Nummular dermatitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nummular_dermatitis

  The prevalence of nummular dermatitis in the United States is approximately 2 per 1,000. It is considered a disease of adulthood, for it is rare in children.

• #5 Discoid eczema – more than just dermatitis | Medicine Today

  https://medicinetoday.com.au/mt/2021/december/supplements/feature-article/discoid-eczema-%E2%80%93-more-just-dermatitis

  Discoid eczema has an incidence of 2 per 1000 people and is particularly common in men aged 35 to 70 years. The exact aetiology is unknown, although a significant percentage of patients may have an underlying allergic or irritant contact dermatitis. Other associations include low environmental humidity, excessive chronic alcohol intake, staphylococcal colonisation, lifestyle factors (such as irritating soaps and fabrics and frequent exposure to hot water), trauma (the Koebner phenomenon) and certain medications including antivirals, interferon, isotretinoin, ribavirin and gold. Chronic venous stasis has also been implicated, especially when the discoid eczema involves the lower legs. […] Discoid eczema is also more likely to occur in a generalised distribution and is less likely to occur on the face, neck, lips, ears and anogenital areas. 30% of patients may have both discoid eczema as well as an irritant (or allergic) contact dermatitis.

• #6 Nummular Dermatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK565878/

  Nummular dermatitis has a bimodal distribution, predominantly affecting females aged 15 to 25 years and males aged 50 to 65 years. Prevalence ranges from 0.1% to 9.1%. […] Nummular dermatitis, also called discoid eczema or nummular eczema, is a pruritic eczematous dermatosis characterized by multiple coin-shaped lesions. This chronic inflammatory skin disease commonly involves the extremities and, less commonly, the trunk. Nummular dermatitis is regarded as a distinctive form of endogenous or idiopathic eczema, although some experts suggest it should be classified as a subtype of atopic dermatitis. The prognosis of this condition is excellent. Most cases can be treated successfully with conservative measures and topical corticosteroids, and most patients will eventually achieve remission.

• #7 Nummular Dermatitis (Nummular Eczema): Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123605-overview

  The prevalence of nummular eczema is two cases per 1000 people. Dermatitis in general (eg, atopic, asteatotic, dyshidrotic, nummular, hand) is one of the most common of dermatologic conditions. […] Nummular eczema has two peaks of age distribution. The larger peak is in the sixth and seventh decades of life, more often involving males. A smaller peak is in the second and third decades, usually in association with atopic dermatitis and more often involving females (by two thirds, in one study). […] Overall, nummular eczema is more common in males than in females. […] No racial predilection has been established; however, in children, nummular dermatitis appears to be more common in those with skin of color.

• #8 Discoid Eczema (Nummular): Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/discoid-nummular-eczema

  The prevalence is around 2 per 1,000 people. It is more common in men than in women. There is a peak incidence in both males and females of around 50-65 years of age and a second peak in women of around 15-25 years of age. It is rare in children. […] Most patients with discoid eczema have dry sensitive skin. The cause of the condition is unknown but irritation from insect bites, chemicals or abrasions may be involved. Venous insufficiency and stasis may aggravate the condition on the lower legs. Severe discoid eczema has been reported after administration of interferon and ribavirin for hepatitis C. […] It tends to be a chronic and recurrent disease. Attention to features that reduce relapse will make life more tolerable.

• #9 Nummular Dermatitis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/20381

  Nummular dermatitis has a bimodal distribution, predominantly affecting females aged 15 to 25 years and males aged 50 to 65 years. Prevalence ranges from 0.1% to 9.1%. […] The exact etiology of nummular dermatitis is unknown. Numerous factors have been implicated, such as xerosis, contact allergy to metals, decreased cutaneous lipid production, reactivity to environmental aeroallergens, staphylococcal colonization, use of irritating and drying soaps, frequent bathing with hot water, environments with low humidity, skin trauma (Koebner phenomenon), exposure to rough fabrics such as wool, breast implantation, and certain medications (antivirals, interferon, isotretinoin, retinoids, guselkumab, ribavirin, and gold compounds). […] Chronic venous stasis may predispose individuals to the development of nummular dermatitis in the lower extremities.

• #10 How Do You Get Rid of Nummular Eczema? Treatment Options

  https://www.medicinenet.com/how_do_you_get_rid_of_nummular_eczema/article.htm

  Nummular eczema, also called nummular dermatitis or discoid eczema, is a persistent but treatable skin disorder characterized by coin-shaped patches on the skin. […] Some people are more prone to discoid eczema than others: People with a history of atopic eczema and allergic contact dermatitis are at a higher risk of developing discoid eczema. […] Discoid eczema often affects persons in the following age ranges: Women: Ages 15-25, Men: Ages 50-65. […] Though some people are predisposed to severe eczema, the exact cause is unknown. Certain variables, however, may raise the risk of developing the condition: Skin infections (secondary to bacterial colonization), Contact allergies, Xerosis (dry skin), Sensitive skin, Frequent hot water baths, Rough fabrics, Certain medications, such as antivirals or interferons, Using regular gold components, Personal or family history of atopic dermatitis, allergies, or asthma, Minor skin injuries including an insect bite or a burn, Dry, cold climate, Alcoholism, Stress, Anxiety.

• #11 Nummular Eczema, Lichen Simplex Chronicus, and Prurigo Nodularis | Plastic Surgery Key

  https://plasticsurgerykey.com/nummular-eczema-lichen-simplex-chronicus-and-prurigo-nodularis/

  Nummular eczema is predominantly a disease of adulthood. Men are more frequently affected than women. The peak incidence in both males and females is around 5065 years of age. There is a second peak in women around 1525 years of age. Nummular eczema is rare in infancy and childhood. The peak age of onset in childhood is 5 years. […] The course is usually chronic. Recurrence at prior sites of involvement is a feature of the disease.

• #12 Nummular Eczema Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.wederm.com/patient-library/nummular-eczema/

  Nummular eczema, also called discoid eczema or nummular dermatitis, is an inflammatory skin condition that causes an itchy, red, circular rash. […] The condition can develop at any time, but it most often appears in women between ages 15 and 25 and in men between ages 50 and 65. It’s more common in men.

• #13 Discoid eczema – National Eczema Society

  https://eczema.org/information-and-advice/types-of-eczema/discoid-eczema/

  Discoid eczema (also known as nummular eczema/dermatitis) can occur at any age, including childhood, but is seen more frequently in adults. […] There is also an association with chronic alcoholism, which is confirmed by abnormal liver function blood tests. […] Children of colour are more likely to develop discoid eczema than white children. […] Discoid eczema is more common in the cold winter months, when our skin is exposed to central heating, dry air (low humidity) and fan heaters, which all dry the skin. […] Older people, whose skin is drier and thinner, can be more prone to discoid eczema especially if they have varicose and asteatotic eczema. […] Stress may play a part in the development of discoid eczema, but is unlikely to be the sole cause of it. […] Discoid eczema can usually be controlled with emollients and topical steroids, and by avoiding triggers such as soaps, bubble baths and overheating. […] For severe and extensive discoid eczema, other treatments may be required, such as paste bandages, immunosuppressant drugs and light therapy.

• #14 Discoid eczema – Dr. Breslavets

  https://cmsderm.ca/discoid-eczema/

  Discoid eczema can affect all age groups. It is more prevalent among older adult males and younger adult females. […] Discoid eczema can be a chronic condition which often relapses during cold winter months. Many cases tend to resolve with time.

• #15

  https://journals.lww.com/ijpd/fulltext/2023/24010/epidemiology_and_clinical_pattern_of_eczemas_among.4.aspx

  Atopic dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis were the most commonly observed eczemas among children and adolescents in a desert region of India. […] The present study was conducted to evaluate the epidemiology and clinical pattern of various eczematous conditions occurring in children and adolescents in age group of 0-19 years in the dry desert areas of western India. […] The diagnosis of the type of eczema was based on the broad classification of eczemas into exogenous and endogenous eczemas and then the specific type of eczema. […] Out of the total 362 patients, 317 (87.6%) patients were found to have endogenous eczema and 45 (12.4%) patients had exogenous eczemas. […] The percentages of nummular eczema and pompholyx in our study are similar to that of the studies in Libya which is totally a desert country. […] The pattern of eczemas in different desert regions of the world was observed. This shows that there is a higher incidence of atopic dermatitis in desert areas. […] The desert dust, in specific the Asian desert dust, is suspected as an etiological factor of atopic dermatitis and other eczemas.

• #16 Prevalence and trend of allergen sensitization in patients with nummular (discoid) eczema referred for patch testing: North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 2001-2016

  https://www.healthpartners.com/knowledgeexchange/display/document-rn25592

  Overall, 748 patients (1.9%) were diagnosed with NE; 23.9% had a concomitant diagnosis of ACD. The prevalence of NE fluctuated over time between 2001 and 2016, with no overall change in prevalence in diagnosed NE. In multivariable logistic regression models, NE increased steadily with age and was associated with male sex and Asian and other race/ethnicity, and inversely associated with a history of atopic dermatitis (AD) and hay fever. Nearly one in four patients with NE had ACD, supporting the role of patch testing in patients with NE.

• #17 Discoid (nummular) eczema – Clinical Tree

  https://clinicalpub.com/discoid-nummular-eczema/

  Discoid eczema comprises relatively well-defined, usually multiple, coin-sized plaques. […] Discoid eczema has been reported as a manifestation of drug reaction to gold, tumor necrosis factor antagonists, interferon, and retinoids. […] It is difficult to provide specific therapeutic strategies because of the various different causes and the paucity of pertinent publications; most reports are retrospective from individual departments or are anecdotal, rather than formal, trials. […] Discoid eczema, along with psoriasis, pellagra, and pigmented purpuric eruptions, were felt to be potential indicators of alcoholism. […] Almost 3% of postmastectomy reconstructions resulted in peri-wound or breast discoid eczema. […] Nickel, cobalt, and chromate allergy was found in 32% of discoid eczema patients.

• #18 Discoid eczema – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/discoid-eczema/

  Discoid eczema can occur at any age but is seen more frequently in adults. It is slightly more common in adult men than women. […] Discoid eczema is usually diagnosed by its typical round or oval appearance. […] No, treatments help to control the condition, but do not cure it. […] The mainstay of treatment is a potent or very potent steroid cream or ointment. […] Persistent and troublesome discoid eczema is occasionally treated with immunosuppressant medications such as methotrexate, azathioprine, or ciclosporin.

• #19 Discoid Eczema: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.health.com/discoid-eczema-8630291

  Discoid eczema, also known as nummular eczema, is an inflammatory condition that causes raised, oval-shaped rashes on the skin. Researchers arent sure of this skin diseases causes, but it commonly affects middle-aged adults. A family history of conditions like eczema (atopic dermatitis) or asthma are among the factors that increase your odds of developing it. Studies have found between 0.1-9.1% of the population experience discoid eczema. […] While all people can develop discoid eczema, some are at increased risk. Risk factors for this condition include: Age: Rare in children, discoid eczema is most prevalent in people assigned female at birth between 15-25 and people assigned male at birth over 50 years old. […] If you present with discoid eczema symptoms, your healthcare provider will need to rule out other potential causes of symptoms. Many other conditions can cause disc-shaped rashes, including chronic skin conditions like plaque psoriasis (an autoimmune skin condition) and stasis dermatitis (skin symptoms due to poor circulation), cancer, and fungal growth (tinea corporis).

• #20 Eczema management in school-aged children

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/december/eczema-management-in-school-aged-children

  Discoid (nummular) eczema is a process in the skin whereupon coin-sized patches of eczema develop and are extremely difficult to clear. There does not seem any particular trigger and there is a very significant vicious cycle of flaring in place. Discoid eczema should be suspected in children with round patches of eczema, which are often misdiagnosed as ringworm. The diagnosis is generally on a background of normal skin. Management of discoid eczema involves being very persistent with potent topical corticosteroids in an attempt to clear the recalcitrant patches.

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