Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Scorpion Sting: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17860-scorpion-stings

  Treatment for scorpion stings depends on the type of scorpion involved and the amount of venom injected. Most people dont need to see a healthcare provider for a scorpion sting. However, you can call the poison control center for guidance. What you can do for scorpion sting treatment at home includes: […] If youre not sure what kind of scorpion stung you or you develop symptoms of an allergic reaction, seek immediate medical attention. These symptoms may include difficulty breathing, extreme swelling, vomiting and shock. Use an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) if necessary, and call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room. […] Your healthcare provider may treat more serious symptoms, such as those caused by a bark scorpion sting, with an antivenom medication. Antivenom can neutralize the effects of a scorpion stings venom. Its important to receive antivenom as soon as possible after serious symptoms appear.

• #2 Scorpion Sting: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17860-scorpion-stings

  Depending on the type of scorpion, the venom can cause pain or, much more rarely, affect your nervous system and cause other serious health problems. These issues can include heart, breathing, and muscle problems. Its important to get immediate medical help if you have severe symptoms after a scorpion sting. […] Most scorpion stings in the United States are painful but harmless. If you get stung, wash the affected area and place ice on it to reduce the pain and swelling. If youre not familiar with scorpions, call your local poison control center to go over your symptoms. If you develop symptoms of an allergic reaction, call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room for treatment. Though extremely rare, the bark scorpion sting can be fatal if left untreated.

• #3 Scorpion sting: What to do, treatment, and when to seek help

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/scorpion-sting

  Scorpion stings can be painful, but in most cases, they will not cause any major complications. What a person should do after a scorpion sting depends on the type of scorpion and the symptoms that follow. […] If a person thinks that they have experienced a scorpion sting, they should wash the sting site with water and soap. They can also call Poison Control for guidance on 800-222-1222. […] The CDC recommend that adults take the following steps if a scorpion stings them: Contact a healthcare provider or Poison Control for instructions and advice related to the sting. Apply ice to the sting site to help with pain and swelling. Remain calm and relaxed. Avoid taking any sort of sedative. […] Treatment varies based on the species of scorpion that stung the person. However, if in doubt, a person should seek medical care as soon as possible.

• #4 What You Need to Know About Scorpion Stings  | The University of Arizona Health Sciences

  https://healthsciences.arizona.edu/news/blog/what-you-need-know-about-scorpion-stings

  When you are stung by a scorpion, you wont necessarily develop envenomation. Many people are stung and dont have any effects. […] If you are stung by a scorpion, call the Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222). They are highly skilled at talking you through next steps depending on your symptoms. […] If someone with severe scorpion envenomation visits an emergency department in Arizona, they are candidates for receiving the antivenom. […] Antivenom works by binding to the venom in the blood and deactivating it it essentially works like antibodies against scorpion venom. The venom is neutralized and symptoms resolve very quickly after antivenom administration.

• #5 Scorpion Stings Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/scorpion-stings/

  If you have been stung by a scorpion, it’s important to talk to a doctor immediately. Medicine (antivenom) may be needed to counteract the effects of the scorpion sting. […] Put ice or a cold pack on the area for 10 to 20 minutes at a time. Put a thin cloth between the ice and your skin. […] Try an over-the-counter medicine for itching, redness, swelling, and pain. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label. […] Take an over-the-counter antihistamine to help calm the itching or swelling. […] Put a hydrocortisone 1% cream or calamine lotion on the skin. […] Don’t scratch or rub the skin around the area.

• #6 Scorpion Sting Treatment, Symptoms, Pictures & First Aid

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/wilderness_scorpion_sting/article_em.htm

  The treatment for scorpion stings are home remedies and rest. […] 6 First Aid Treatments and Home Remedies for a Scorpion Sting: Wash the sting with soap and water and remove all jewelry because swelling of tissue may impede the circulation if it not allowed to expand (for example, a sting on a finger that has a ring surrounding it). Apply cool compresses, usually 10 minutes on and ten minutes off of the site of the sting. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) 1-2 tablets every 4 hours may be given to relieve pain (usually not to exceed 3g per 24 hours). Avoid aspirin and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) because they may contribute to other problems. Antibiotics are not helpful unless the sting area become secondarily infected. Do not cut into the wound or apply suction. If a child is 5 years or younger is stung, seek evaluation by a medical caregiver.

• #7 Scorpion Bites: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment | Red Cross

  https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/scorpion-bites?srsltid=AfmBOooZfggCzjnLR8zhY7ob0eeWLAh33BEbzJwVAkXZomPL9w10WJg3

  A scorpion sting causes pain, tingling, burning and numbness at the site. Life-threatening signs and symptoms that affect the whole body (such as numbness, difficulty breathing and seizures) may develop. […] For scorpion sting, have person seek immediate medical care. […] All scorpion stings should be treated as medical emergencies. […] Seek medical attention as quickly as possible.

• #8 Scorpions – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/scorpions

  This article for information only. DO NOT use it to treat or manage a scorpion sting. If you or someone you are with is stung, call the local emergency number (such as 911), or the local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. […] Most stings from North American scorpions do not need treatment. Children 6 years and younger are more likely to have harmful effects from venomous types of scorpions. […] Clean the area thoroughly with soap and water. […] Place ice (wrapped in a clean cloth) on the site of the sting for 10 minutes and then off for 10 minutes. Repeat this process. If the person has problems with blood circulation, decrease the time that the ice is on the area to prevent possible skin damage.

• #9 6 Essential Steps to Take After a Scorpion Sting – Advice from a Primary Care Doctor in Bridgeport, CT

  https://docsmedicalgroup.com/docsurgentcare/6-essential-steps-to-take-after-a-scorpion-sting-advice-from-a-primary-care-doctor-in-bridgeport-ct/

  6 Essential Steps to Take After a Scorpion Sting – Advice from a Primary Care Doctor in Bridgeport, CT […] Scorpion stings, while often painful, can vary greatly in severity. Knowing how to respond quickly and effectively to a scorpion sting can make a significant difference in the outcome. Here, based on the expertise of a primary care doctor in Bridgeport, CT, we will explore six essential steps to take after a scorpion sting to ensure the best possible recovery. […] Use mild soap and water to thoroughly clean the sting site, reducing the risk of infection. […] Use a cool compress to numb the area, reduce pain, and decrease swelling. […] Elevate and immobilize the affected limb to prevent further irritation and swelling. […] Sip water slowly, stay upright, and monitor symptoms closely; seek medical attention if they worsen. […] Do not take sedatives or anxiety medications; instead, use relaxation techniques to stay calm. […] Take over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen to manage pain and inflammation. […] Watch for severe symptoms like difficulty breathing, severe muscle spasms, or signs of infection, and consult a primary care doctor in Bridgeport, CT.

• #10 Scorpion sting: What to do, treatment, and when to seek help

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/scorpion-sting

  Scorpion stings can be painful, but in most cases, they will not cause any major complications. What a person should do after a scorpion sting depends on the type of scorpion and the symptoms that follow. […] If a person thinks that they have experienced a scorpion sting, they should wash the sting site with water and soap. They can also call Poison Control for guidance on 800-222-1222. […] The CDC recommend that adults take the following steps if a scorpion stings them: Contact a healthcare provider or Poison Control for instructions and advice related to the sting. Apply ice to the sting site to help with pain and swelling. Remain calm and relaxed. Avoid taking any sort of sedative. […] Treatment varies based on the species of scorpion that stung the person. However, if in doubt, a person should seek medical care as soon as possible.

• #11 scorpion sting – scorpion bite – scorpion sting symptoms Las Vegas

  https://americanpestcontrol.com/scorpion-bites-scorpion-sting-las-vegas-residents/

  Scorpion Bite Treatment in Las Vegas […] Immediate Steps After a Scorpion Bite […] If you or a loved one is stung by a scorpion, the following steps can help manage the situation until you can seek medical care: […] Stay Calm: Panic can accelerate heart rate and spread the venom faster. […] Clean the Wound: Gently wash the area with soap and water to prevent infection. […] Apply a Cold Compress: This can help reduce swelling and pain. […] Elevate the Affected Area: Keeping the sting site elevated can minimize the spread of venom. […] Seek Medical Attention: For severe symptoms or if stung by an Arizona Bark Scorpion, go to the nearest hospital immediately. […] Medicine for Scorpion Bite […] Most scorpion bites are not life-threatening, and medicine for scorpion bites generally involves pain management. Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help reduce discomfort. In some cases, antihistamines are used to reduce swelling and allergic reactions. For severe reactions, medical professionals may administer scorpion bite treatment injections, which could include antivenom or muscle relaxants.

• #12 Scorpion Stings – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/scorpion-stings

  The stings of most North American scorpions require no special treatment. Placing an ice cube wrapped in plastic and a thin cloth on the wound reduces pain. A cream or ointment containing an antihistamine, an anesthetic, a corticosteroid, or a combination of them is often useful. […] Centruroides stings that result in serious symptoms may require the use of sedatives given intravenously or medications to lower high blood pressure. Centruroides antivenom rapidly relieves symptoms, but it may cause a serious allergic reaction. The antivenom is available only in the United States. It is given only if symptoms are severe. […] In areas of the world where scorpions are more poisonous, such as Turkey, the Middle East, and India, stings are treated with medications and methods that reduce symptoms and complications. Sometimes medications are needed to relieve serious breathing difficulty due to extreme high blood pressure. Antivenoms to specific scorpion venoms are available and are sometimes used in very severe cases.

• #13 How Do You Treat A Scorpion Sting?

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/scorpion-stings

  A jab from this critters curvy tail is painful, but it rarely causes an allergic reaction. […] Put ice on the area to bring down the swelling. Take an antihistamine or use a hydrocortisone cream to ease inflammation and itching. […] If you think one has stung you, call your doctor or go to the emergency room.

• #14

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ug6372

  Home treatment is often all that you need to relieve symptoms. […] Try an over-the-counter medicine for itching, redness, swelling, and pain. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label. […] Take an over-the-counter antihistamine to help calm the itching or swelling. […] Put a hydrocortisone 1% cream or calamine lotion on the skin. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: […] You have pain or burning at the area after 2 days of home treatment. […] You have symptoms for more than 1 week.

• #15 Scorpion Stings – Skin Center

  https://www.skincenter.com/patient-education/healthwise?DOCHWID=tm6501

  How is a scorpion sting treated? […] If you have been stung by a scorpion, it’s important to talk to a doctor immediately. Medicine (antivenom) may be needed to counteract the effects of the scorpion sting. […] Home treatment […] Put ice or a cold pack on the area for 10 to 20 minutes at a time. Put a thin cloth between the ice and your skin. […] Try an over-the-counter medicine for itching, redness, swelling, and pain. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label. […] Take an over-the-counter antihistamine to help calm the itching or swelling. […] Put a hydrocortisone 1% cream or calamine lotion on the skin. […] Don’t scratch or rub the skin around the area.

• #16 Scorpion Sting | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/symptoms/scorpion-sting/

  The main symptoms are pain, tingling and numbness only in the sting area. […] Symptoms shouldn’t be any worse than a bad bee sting. […] Here is some care advice that should help. […] Wash the sting site well with soap and water. […] For pain or swelling, use a cold pack. You can also use ice wrapped in a wet cloth. […] To help with the pain, give an acetaminophen product (such as Tylenol). […] Another choice is an ibuprofen product (such as Advil). […] Until they go away, keep using the pain medicine as needed. […] Pain at the sting site is usually gone by 24 hours. […] Shock waves of tingling also gone by 24 hours. […] Numbness and tingling around the sting may last 2 to 3 days. […] Call Your Doctor If: Serious symptoms occur. […] Pain, tingling or numbness start on both sides of the body. […] Muscle jerks or twitching occur. […] You think your child needs to be seen. […] Your child becomes worse.

• #17 scorpions sting management

  https://members.tripod.com/~c_kianwee/manage.htm

  7) Immobilisation. Thought to reduce spread and may have truth in it. […] […] 8) Apply antiseptic. Yes, a good first aid. It does not neutralise the venom but sure helps to reduce chance of infection at the site. […] […] We see here that modern treatment like antivenom is not bombproof. The fortunate thing is that even stings by the most venomous species like Leiurus quinquestriatus or Androctonus australis very rarely results in death. […] […] Symptoms of scorpion sting are known to recede 'mysteriously’ on its own (without treatment). Most envenomation does not last longer than 72 hours. […]

• #18 Natural ways to treat scorpion stings – AZ Big Media

  https://azbigmedia.com/lifestyle/natural-ways-to-treat-scorpion-stings/

  Natural remedies are available to help alleviate pain and discomfort if you are unfortunate enough to get stung by one of these little bugs. […] If you or a family member gets stung by a scorpion, more importantly a Bark scorpion, it is important to remain calm and act immediately. Wash the area well with mild soap and water to reduce any risk of infection. Apply a cold compress or an ice pack wrapped in a towel. […] If your sting has been classified as minor, there may be some natural ways to the discomfort from scorpion stings. From baking soda to aloe, you have items around your home at the ready to help alleviate pain and swelling. […] Aloe vera will help with scorpion stings to alleviate any skin irritation and inflammation. Apply a generous amount of the aloe gel directly on the stung area of skin.

• #19 Natural ways to treat scorpion stings – AZ Big Media

  https://azbigmedia.com/lifestyle/natural-ways-to-treat-scorpion-stings/

  Vinegar is another option, particularly apple cider vinegar. Soak a small rag or cotton ball in the vinegar and place on the sting. […] Baking soda also helps alleviate pain when it comes to scorpion stings. Mix baking soda with water to make a paste and then apply it to the sting. […] Echinacea root has historical use for insect bites and stings. Its action to inhibit hyaluronidase making it uniquely effective to treat scorpion stings that contain hyaluronidase. […] By understanding how to respond a sting you will be bettered prepared to take measures to alleviate the pain and swelling associated with an encounter with a scorpion.

• #20 Essential Scorpion Sting First Response – Scorpion Sting First Response by Jonathan Leeming

  https://scorpions.co.za/scorpion-sting-first-response-short-course/essential-first-response/

  First response is largely focused upon predicting symptoms before they occur and identifying symptoms (and their classes) as they occur. […] Immediately respond to any red flags by transporting the patient to professional medical assistance. […] There are many home remedies that are commonly used to treat a scorpion sting. Some may have a beneficial effect, while others, however, provide no benefit or are even harmful. […] Delaying proper treatment results in increased symptoms, an elongated recovery period and introduces complications. All of which could have been prevented. Sometimes, ineffective treatment itself is more harmful and a cause of concern. […] There is no doubt that complimentary and alternative medicine practitioners have an important role to play in scorpion sting first response, however with no natural or alternative equivalent for medical science and antivenom that are so vital for effective treating class 3 or 4 symptoms, the only mode of effective treatment is from a medical professional in a medical facility.

• #21 Scorpion Stings – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/scorpion-stings

  The stings of most North American scorpions require no special treatment. Placing an ice cube wrapped in plastic and a thin cloth on the wound reduces pain. A cream or ointment containing an antihistamine, an anesthetic, a corticosteroid, or a combination of them is often useful. […] Centruroides stings that result in serious symptoms may require the use of sedatives given intravenously or medications to lower high blood pressure. Centruroides antivenom rapidly relieves symptoms, but it may cause a serious allergic reaction. The antivenom is available only in the United States. It is given only if symptoms are severe. […] In areas of the world where scorpions are more poisonous, such as Turkey, the Middle East, and India, stings are treated with medications and methods that reduce symptoms and complications. Sometimes medications are needed to relieve serious breathing difficulty due to extreme high blood pressure. Antivenoms to specific scorpion venoms are available and are sometimes used in very severe cases.

• #22 Scorpion Envenomation Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-treatment

  The antivenom significantly decreases the level of circulating unbound venom within a few hours. The persistence of symptoms after the administration of antivenom is due to the inability of the antivenom to neutralize scorpion toxins already bound to their target receptors. Thus, symptomatic and supportive treatment is needed with immunotherapy. […] General time guidelines for the disappearance of symptoms after antivenom administration are as follows: Centruroides antivenom: Severe neurologic symptoms reverse in 15-30 min. Mild-to-moderate neurologic symptoms reverse in 45-90 min. […] Inpatient care is dictated by the severity of the envenomation and consists of stabilizing the patient, neutralizing the venom, providing supportive therapies, and preventing complications. Patients with grade III or grade IV Centruroides stings and other severe Buthidae envenomations should be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and/or treated with antivenom.

• #23 Scorpion sting: What to do, treatment, and when to seek help

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/scorpion-sting

  For mild symptoms, such as pain and numbness at the site of the sting, a person may not need much care. They may wish to perform self-care that involves: cleaning the area around the sting, applying a cold pack or compress, taking ibuprofen or acetaminophen for pain relief. […] However, if a more dangerous species such as a bark scorpion stings a person, treatment will vary depending on the severity of sting: Grade 1 This means that pain, swelling, and other symptoms are limited to the area of the sting. This only requires pain management. Grade 2 There is pain and some paralysis at or near the site and closer to where the limb connects to the body. Treatment often includes pain management and may involve antianxiety medication. Grade 3 This can include all the symptoms of grade 2, alongside flailing limbs and an arching back (skeletal neuromuscular dysfunction) or increased saliva production, blurry vision, and rapid movement of the tongue (cranial nerve issues). Treatment includes the use of pain relievers, anxiety medications, and antivenom. Grade 4 A person will experience both skeletal neuromuscular dysfunction and cranial nerve issues, as well as organ failure, hyperthermia, or pulmonary edema. Antivenom is critical for people experiencing these symptoms. However, according to Poison Control, many hospitals do not stock the antivenom, and it can be very expensive.

• #24 Scorpion envenomation causing neuromuscular toxicity (United States, Mexico, Central America, and Southern Africa) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/scorpion-envenomation-causing-neuromuscular-toxicity-united-states-mexico-central-america-and-southern-africa

  Scorpion envenomation causing neuromuscular toxicity (United States, Mexico, Central America, and Southern Africa) […] This topic will discuss the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of envenomation by scorpions whose stings cause neuromuscular toxicity (eg, Centruroides species [indigenous to the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America] and Parabuthus species [inhabiting Western and Southern Africa]). […] The clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of scorpion envenomations in other parts of the world that cause autonomic storm, myocardial depression, and toxic brain or pulmonary edema are discussed separately. […] Scorpion envenomation with neuromuscular toxicity: Grading of severity and treatment.

• #25 Scorpion sting – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scorpion-stings/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353865

  Most scorpion stings don’t need medical treatment. But if symptoms are serious, you may need to receive care in a hospital. You may be given drugs through a vein to treat pain. […] Scorpion anti-venom may be given to children to keep symptoms from happening. Adults with serious symptoms also may be given anti-venom.

• #26 Scorpion Envenomation Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-treatment

  Supportive care in all cases and antivenom in severe cases are used for the treatment of scorpion envenomation. […] Treatment generally consists of moving the patient away from the scorpion and stabilizing the patient’s airway and vital signs, followed by administration of antivenin and institution of symptomatic and local treatment. […] Use ice bags to reduce pain and to slow the absorption of venom via vasoconstriction. This is most effective during the first 2 hours following the sting. Alternatively, hot water immersion has been described as a first aid treatment for scorpion bites in Australia and in Taiwan. […] Antivenom is the treatment of choice after stabilization and supportive care. Because of the heterogeneity of venom composition between different scorpion species, one species’ antivenom will have limited effect on another scorpion species’ venom.

• #27

  https://www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-environmental/scorpion-stings

  Understand the key treatment principles of Centruroides exilicauda scorpion stings. […] Supportive care is the key component of management. Antivenom therapy with equine derived Fab fragments reduces the duration of symptoms. […] Most victims of Centruroides excilicauda scorpion bites can be managed with supportive care only, such as local wound care, tetanus prophylaxis, opioids for muscle pain, and benzodiazepines for neuromuscular symptoms. […] Antivenom (Anascorp, US; Alacramyn, Mexico) should only be considered when there is severe somatic or cranial nerve dysfunction not controlled by supportive measures. […] The benefits of atropine must be weighed against the risk of tachycardia and dysrhythmias. […] Therefore, antivenom is not lifesaving. However, without antivenom, the patient will likely have a prolonged period of distressing symptoms, and of all available treatments, current evidence indicates antivenom is likely to be effective and may significantly reduce the duration of suffering and hospitalization.

• #28 Scorpion Envenomation Medication: Antivenins, Antihistamines, Toxoids, Immune globulins, Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, Local anesthetics, Adrenergic blocking agents and vasodilators, Anticholinergics, Vasopressors/inotropics

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-medication

  The goals of pharmacotherapy are to reduce morbidity, to prevent complications, and to neutralize the toxin. […] Analgesia may be indicated. Exercise caution when using narcotics for a patient with an unsecured airway because respiratory depressive effects may be synergistic with some scorpion venoms. […] Tetanus prophylaxis is recommended if the patient cannot verify current status. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is not required. Corticosteroids have not been shown useful in treating venom toxicity. Hypertensive emergencies may require standard antihypertensive therapy. Conversely, hypotension may require fluid resuscitation and/or vasopressors. […] A total of 22 types of scorpion antivenom are listed in the American Zoo and Aquarium Association Antivenom Index. They are available for a number of different species and have varied efficacy. Antivenom use remains controversial. Many researchers report decreased morbidity, mortality, and hospital stay with its use.

• #29 Indian Pediatrics – Editorial

  https://indianpediatrics.net/may2000/may-504-514.htm

  Scorpion sting is an acute life-threatening, time-limiting medical emergency of villagers. […] By elucidating the natural history of this condition, observant physicians like Bawaskar and Bawaskar set the stage for a rational therapy to follow. […] This article considers the pathophysiology, clinical picture and therapy of scorpion venom poisoning in children. […] Prazosina competitive post-synaptic alpha1, adreno-receptor antagonist should be the first line of management, since alpha receptors stimulation plays a major role in the evolution of clinical spectrum. […] Prazosin suppresses sympathetic outflow and activates venom-inhibited potassium channels. […] Prazosin is a cellular and pharmacologic antidote to the actions of scorpion venom and it is also cardioprotective. […] The time lapse between the sting and administration of prazosin for symptoms of autonomic storm determines the outcome.

• #30 Indian Pediatrics – Editorial

  https://indianpediatrics.net/may2000/may-504-514.htm

  The usefulness of prazosin therapy in this condition was scientifically established in mid-eighties in India. […] Since the use of prazosin (1984 onwards) the mortality in these victims is reduced to less than 1%. […] Clinical acceptance of prazosin for scorpion sting now exists. […] There must be no delay in administration of prazosin.

• #31

  https://journals.lww.com/pccmjournal/fulltext/2021/03001/p0521____2129__evaluation_of_doxazosin_treatments.579.aspx

  Scorpion envenomation is a life-threatening condition, especially in children. […] Anti-venom, -blockers and supportive therapy are used in the treatment. […] In our study, we examined the doxazosin treatment of scorpion sting patients admitted to our hospital. […] Antivenom therapy was given to 11 patients, 13 patients were given doxazosin treatment. […] After treatment, all patients had a marked regression of extremity cold within the first hour. […] We have shown for the first time a series of patients treated with doxazosin in our study. […] In cases where prazosin is not available, doxazosin may be considered as an alternative.

• #32 Emerging options for the management of scorpion stings – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22826633/

  Scorpion stings are common in many tropical countries. […] Although controversial, immunotherapy is the only etiological treatment. Administered early, it prevents many complications and improves the outcome. New antivenoms are highly purified immunoglobulin fragments, the efficacy and safety of which are excellent. […] Symptomatic treatment is still necessary to support immunotherapy, especially in cases of delayed arrival at hospital. A combination of both approaches should be considered, based on local resources and constraints.

• #33 Scorpion Sting: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17860-scorpion-stings

  Treatment for scorpion stings depends on the type of scorpion involved and the amount of venom injected. Most people dont need to see a healthcare provider for a scorpion sting. However, you can call the poison control center for guidance. What you can do for scorpion sting treatment at home includes: […] If youre not sure what kind of scorpion stung you or you develop symptoms of an allergic reaction, seek immediate medical attention. These symptoms may include difficulty breathing, extreme swelling, vomiting and shock. Use an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) if necessary, and call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room. […] Your healthcare provider may treat more serious symptoms, such as those caused by a bark scorpion sting, with an antivenom medication. Antivenom can neutralize the effects of a scorpion stings venom. Its important to receive antivenom as soon as possible after serious symptoms appear.

• #34 Scorpion Envenomation Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-treatment

  The antivenom significantly decreases the level of circulating unbound venom within a few hours. The persistence of symptoms after the administration of antivenom is due to the inability of the antivenom to neutralize scorpion toxins already bound to their target receptors. Thus, symptomatic and supportive treatment is needed with immunotherapy. […] General time guidelines for the disappearance of symptoms after antivenom administration are as follows: Centruroides antivenom: Severe neurologic symptoms reverse in 15-30 min. Mild-to-moderate neurologic symptoms reverse in 45-90 min. […] Inpatient care is dictated by the severity of the envenomation and consists of stabilizing the patient, neutralizing the venom, providing supportive therapies, and preventing complications. Patients with grade III or grade IV Centruroides stings and other severe Buthidae envenomations should be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and/or treated with antivenom.

• #35 Scorpion Envenomation Medication: Antivenins, Antihistamines, Toxoids, Immune globulins, Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, Local anesthetics, Adrenergic blocking agents and vasodilators, Anticholinergics, Vasopressors/inotropics

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-medication

  The best result occurs when antivenin is administered as early as possible (preferably within the first 2 h after the sting) and with adequate quantities to neutralize the venom (usually 50-100 times the LD50 amount). A decrease in curative effects occurs with longer sting-serotherapy delay and administration of insufficient amounts of antivenin. […] Give steroids and antihistamines if serum sickness develops. […] This is a Centruroides (scorpion) immune F(ab)2 (equine) injection. it is antivenom indicated for treatment of clinical signs of scorpion envenomation. Initiate treatment as soon as possible in patients who develop clinically important signs of scorpion envenomation, including, but not limited to, loss of muscle control, roving or abnormal eye movements, slurred speech, respiratory distress, excessive salivation, frothing at the mouth, and vomiting.

• #36 Venomous bites and stings | MSF Medical Guidelines

  https://medicalguidelines.msf.org/en/viewport/CG/english/venomous-bites-and-stings-18482425.html

  In most cases, the sting causes local effects including: pain, oedema, erythema. Management includes strict rest, wound cleansing, analgesics PO, and tetanus prophylaxis. In patients with significant pain, infiltrate the area around the sting with local anaesthetic (1% lidocaine). Observe for 12 hours. […] Aetiological treatment: The use of scorpion antivenom sera is controversial (most of them are not very effective; they may be poorly tolerated due to insufficient purification). In practice, in countries where scorpion envenomations are severe (North Africa, the Middle East, Central America and Amazonia), check local availability of antivenom sera and follow national recommendations. The criteria for administration are the severity of the envenomation, the age of the patient (more severe in children) and the time elapsed since the sting. This should not exceed 2 to 3 hours. If the time elapsed is more than 2 or 3 hours, the benefit of antivenom serum is poor in comparison with the risk of anaphylaxis (in contrast to envenomation by snakes).

• #37 Scorpion Sting Treatment, Symptoms, Pictures & First Aid

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/wilderness_scorpion_sting/article_em.htm

  If the symptoms and signs of a scorpion sting increase in severity, Call Poison Control at 1 800 222 1222 and call 911 or go to your nearest Urgent Care or Emergency Department if you are unsure about what to do if you or someone else has been stung by a scorpion. […] Antivenom therapy is available for the Centruroides species (bark scorpion), the antivenom (Anascorp) has been approved for use against the bark scorpion sting in 2011 by the FDA. It is made by immunizing horses with the venom and then the antivenom (immunoglobulin) is harvested from horse blood. The antivenom may stop all symptoms within about 4 hours after administration. Other researchers are developing antivenom to other species of scorpions. […] Consult a doctor about treatment with available medications if antivenom is not available.

• #38 Scorpion Toxicity – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430928/

  Scorpions may use their long, flexible tails to sting potential predators. […] This activity describes the presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of scorpion stings and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in improving care for affected patients. […] Summarize the treatment of scorpion envenomation. […] Most stings only require supportive therapy, including ibuprofen, cleaning of the sting area, and tetanus prophylaxis. Patients should remain under observation for at least 4 hours, but the onset of life-threatening symptoms occurs much quicker in children, with an average of 14 minutes. […] In patients displaying severe symptoms such as hypersalivation, clonus, rapid eye movements, or restlessness, immediate intervention is critical. […] Antivenom is reserved for patients showing skeletal muscle or cranial nerve dysfunction who are stung by either Centruroides or Parabuthus.

• #39 Emerging options for the management of scorpion stings – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22826633/

  Scorpion stings are common in many tropical countries. […] Although controversial, immunotherapy is the only etiological treatment. Administered early, it prevents many complications and improves the outcome. New antivenoms are highly purified immunoglobulin fragments, the efficacy and safety of which are excellent. […] Symptomatic treatment is still necessary to support immunotherapy, especially in cases of delayed arrival at hospital. A combination of both approaches should be considered, based on local resources and constraints.

• #40 Scorpion Envenomation Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-treatment

  The antivenom significantly decreases the level of circulating unbound venom within a few hours. The persistence of symptoms after the administration of antivenom is due to the inability of the antivenom to neutralize scorpion toxins already bound to their target receptors. Thus, symptomatic and supportive treatment is needed with immunotherapy. […] General time guidelines for the disappearance of symptoms after antivenom administration are as follows: Centruroides antivenom: Severe neurologic symptoms reverse in 15-30 min. Mild-to-moderate neurologic symptoms reverse in 45-90 min. […] Inpatient care is dictated by the severity of the envenomation and consists of stabilizing the patient, neutralizing the venom, providing supportive therapies, and preventing complications. Patients with grade III or grade IV Centruroides stings and other severe Buthidae envenomations should be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and/or treated with antivenom.

• #41 Scorpion Envenomation Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-treatment

  The antivenom significantly decreases the level of circulating unbound venom within a few hours. The persistence of symptoms after the administration of antivenom is due to the inability of the antivenom to neutralize scorpion toxins already bound to their target receptors. Thus, symptomatic and supportive treatment is needed with immunotherapy. […] General time guidelines for the disappearance of symptoms after antivenom administration are as follows: Centruroides antivenom: Severe neurologic symptoms reverse in 15-30 min. Mild-to-moderate neurologic symptoms reverse in 45-90 min. […] Inpatient care is dictated by the severity of the envenomation and consists of stabilizing the patient, neutralizing the venom, providing supportive therapies, and preventing complications. Patients with grade III or grade IV Centruroides stings and other severe Buthidae envenomations should be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and/or treated with antivenom.

• #42 Scorpion Sting: Treatment and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/scorpion-sting

  Most scorpion stings dont require treatment, though it can be a good idea to see your doctor as a precaution. If symptoms are severe, you may need to receive hospital care. You may need to take sedatives if youre experiencing muscle spasms and intravenous (IV) medication to treat high blood pressure, pain, and agitation. […] Scorpion antivenom is sometimes used with caution because of concerns over its side effects and cost (although with the development of Anascorp antivenom, adverse affects have been reduced). […] Antivenom is most effective if given before symptoms develop, so children who are seen in remote rural emergency rooms in areas with scorpions, where access to medical care is limited, are often treated with antivenom as a preventive measure. Your doctor may also recommend antivenom if your symptoms are extremely severe. […] Your treatment will depend on whether your doctor decides that your symptoms are due to an allergic reaction, rather than the effects of the venom itself, and how severe these symptoms are.

• #43 Scorpion Toxicity – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430928/

  It can reduce the duration of clinical symptoms if given within 4 hours of the sting. […] The efficacy of the Anascorp was determined to reduce the duration of clinical signs and symptoms in patients with Grade III or IV envenomations. […] Although effective, the more recent version can be quite expensive, with some hospitals charging upward of $40,000 per vial. […] If a patient is observed for 4 hours and is determined to have a mild sting, is tolerating oral intake, and has adequate pain control, the patient may be safely discharged home with return precautions.

• #44 Scorpion sting – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scorpion-stings/symptoms-causes/syc-20353859

  Scorpion stings are painful but rarely life-threatening. Healthy adults usually don’t need treatment for scorpion stings. […] Contact your local poison control center at once if a child is stung by a scorpion. To reach a poison control center in the U.S., call Poison Help at 800-222-1222. Also, seek medical care if you’ve been stung and begin to have a hard time breathing or other symptoms that continue for more than a week. […] A scorpion sting is caused by the stinger in a scorpion’s tail. When a scorpion stings, its stinger can release venom. The venom contains a complex mix of toxins that affect the nervous system. These are called neurotoxins.

• #45 Scorpion Stings (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/scorpion-stings.html

  If a scorpion stings someone, the area of the sting will hurt and may get swollen or red, depending on the type of scorpion. More severe reactions from the venom (which is like a poison) involving other parts of the body also can happen. […] Anyone who is stung by a scorpion should get medical care right away. Thats because its hard to tell a dangerous scorpion from a harmless one. […] Doctors treat someone stung by a scorpion with medicines, if needed, that help ease pain and control the body’s reactions to the venom. They may give an antivenom medicine to someone who doesn’t get better with the other medicines.

• #46 Scorpion sting – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scorpion-stings/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353865

  Most scorpion stings don’t need medical treatment. But if symptoms are serious, you may need to receive care in a hospital. You may be given drugs through a vein to treat pain. […] Scorpion anti-venom may be given to children to keep symptoms from happening. Adults with serious symptoms also may be given anti-venom.

• #47 Scorpion Sting Treatment, Symptoms, Pictures & First Aid

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/wilderness_scorpion_sting/article_em.htm

  The treatment for scorpion stings are home remedies and rest. […] 6 First Aid Treatments and Home Remedies for a Scorpion Sting: Wash the sting with soap and water and remove all jewelry because swelling of tissue may impede the circulation if it not allowed to expand (for example, a sting on a finger that has a ring surrounding it). Apply cool compresses, usually 10 minutes on and ten minutes off of the site of the sting. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) 1-2 tablets every 4 hours may be given to relieve pain (usually not to exceed 3g per 24 hours). Avoid aspirin and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) because they may contribute to other problems. Antibiotics are not helpful unless the sting area become secondarily infected. Do not cut into the wound or apply suction. If a child is 5 years or younger is stung, seek evaluation by a medical caregiver.

• #48 Scorpion Stings – Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/health-library/scorpion-stings-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Most scorpion stings are not harmful and only cause pain around the area that was stung. But the more dangerous scorpion stings can be life-threatening. […] Treatment for scorpion stings depends on the type of scorpion involved and the amount of venom injected. Mild stings may be managed at home by: Cleaning the site with water, Applying ice. […] More serious symptoms may need an anti-venom. It is important to receive antivenom as soon as possible after serious symptoms appear. […] Assess the patient, using the ABC approach. Monitor vital signs. Protect airway at the earliest sign of respiratory distress or altered mental status. […] Further in-patient care may be required if the patient is unstable or has signs of significant envenomation. Any and all patients with significant envenomation, and especially children need to be monitored in an ICU setting.

• #49 Scorpion Envenomation Medication: Antivenins, Antihistamines, Toxoids, Immune globulins, Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, Local anesthetics, Adrenergic blocking agents and vasodilators, Anticholinergics, Vasopressors/inotropics

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-medication

  The goals of pharmacotherapy are to reduce morbidity, to prevent complications, and to neutralize the toxin. […] Analgesia may be indicated. Exercise caution when using narcotics for a patient with an unsecured airway because respiratory depressive effects may be synergistic with some scorpion venoms. […] Tetanus prophylaxis is recommended if the patient cannot verify current status. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is not required. Corticosteroids have not been shown useful in treating venom toxicity. Hypertensive emergencies may require standard antihypertensive therapy. Conversely, hypotension may require fluid resuscitation and/or vasopressors. […] A total of 22 types of scorpion antivenom are listed in the American Zoo and Aquarium Association Antivenom Index. They are available for a number of different species and have varied efficacy. Antivenom use remains controversial. Many researchers report decreased morbidity, mortality, and hospital stay with its use.

• #50 What Should I Do If I Get Stung by a Scorpion? Fatal Symptoms

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_should_i_do_if_i_get_stung_by_a_scorpion/article.htm

  scorpion sting treatment Most healthy adults dont need treatment for a scorpion sting except for pain relief. […] It is essential to seek prompt medical care in the case of a scorpion sting. Though scorpion stings are painful but rarely fatal, young children and older adults are at risk of serious complications. Healthy adults usually don’t need treatment for stings except for pain relief. Most scorpion stings don’t need medical treatment and can be managed at home. […] However, if symptoms are severe, you may need hospital care, such as: […] They may give scorpion antivenom to children to prevent the development of symptoms, which they may also give to adults with severe symptoms. […] For most people, although a scorpions sting rarely kills, it can cause a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis, which is life-threatening and may lead to death.

• #51 Scorpion Envenomation Medication: Antivenins, Antihistamines, Toxoids, Immune globulins, Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, Local anesthetics, Adrenergic blocking agents and vasodilators, Anticholinergics, Vasopressors/inotropics

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-medication

  The goals of pharmacotherapy are to reduce morbidity, to prevent complications, and to neutralize the toxin. […] Analgesia may be indicated. Exercise caution when using narcotics for a patient with an unsecured airway because respiratory depressive effects may be synergistic with some scorpion venoms. […] Tetanus prophylaxis is recommended if the patient cannot verify current status. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is not required. Corticosteroids have not been shown useful in treating venom toxicity. Hypertensive emergencies may require standard antihypertensive therapy. Conversely, hypotension may require fluid resuscitation and/or vasopressors. […] A total of 22 types of scorpion antivenom are listed in the American Zoo and Aquarium Association Antivenom Index. They are available for a number of different species and have varied efficacy. Antivenom use remains controversial. Many researchers report decreased morbidity, mortality, and hospital stay with its use.

• #52 Scorpion Sting Symptoms | ANASCORP® [centruroides (scorpion) immune F(ab’)? (equine) injection]

  https://www.anascorp-us.com/scorpion-sting-symptoms/

  ANASCORP [centruroides (scorpion) immune F(ab’)2 (equine) injection] is an equine-derived antivenom indicated for treatment of patients with clinical signs of scorpion envenomation. […] ANASCORP [centruroides (scorpion) immune F(ab’)2 (equine) injection] is an equine-derived antivenom indicated for treatment of patients with clinical signs of scorpion envenomation. […] Severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, may occur with ANASCORP. Close patient monitoring for hypersensitivity reactions and readiness with intravenous therapy using epinephrine, corticosteroids, and diphenhydramine hydrochloride is recommended during the infusion of ANASCORP. If an anaphylactic reaction occurs during the infusion, terminate administration at once and administer appropriate emergency medical care.

• #53 Will You Die When Stung by a Scorpion?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/diseases-and-disorders-common-medical-conditions/scorpion-stings

  Scorpion stings can be very painful, but they are usually harmless. […] Most scorpion sting cases may not require treatment, but sometimes, if left untreated, they may become fatal. […] The majority of cases of scorpion stings do not require treatment, but the more intense signs may require supportive care in a hospital. Besides bed rest, the medicine may include intravenous drugs for easing pain and agitation and controlling high blood pressure and sedatives for treating muscle spasms. […] Immunotherapy is the only etiological treatment. Administered early, it prevents many complications and improves the outcome. New scorpion antivenom (highly purified immunoglobulin fragments) may be given to children to prevent the development of symptoms, which has excellent safety and efficacy. […] Symptomatic treatment is still necessary to support immunotherapy, especially in cases of delayed arrival at the hospital.

• #54 Scorpion Sting: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17860-scorpion-stings

  Treatment for scorpion stings depends on the type of scorpion involved and the amount of venom injected. Most people dont need to see a healthcare provider for a scorpion sting. However, you can call the poison control center for guidance. What you can do for scorpion sting treatment at home includes: […] If youre not sure what kind of scorpion stung you or you develop symptoms of an allergic reaction, seek immediate medical attention. These symptoms may include difficulty breathing, extreme swelling, vomiting and shock. Use an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) if necessary, and call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room. […] Your healthcare provider may treat more serious symptoms, such as those caused by a bark scorpion sting, with an antivenom medication. Antivenom can neutralize the effects of a scorpion stings venom. Its important to receive antivenom as soon as possible after serious symptoms appear.

• #55 Scorpion Sting: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17860-scorpion-stings

  Treatment for scorpion stings depends on the type of scorpion involved and the amount of venom injected. Most people dont need to see a healthcare provider for a scorpion sting. However, you can call the poison control center for guidance. What you can do for scorpion sting treatment at home includes: […] If youre not sure what kind of scorpion stung you or you develop symptoms of an allergic reaction, seek immediate medical attention. These symptoms may include difficulty breathing, extreme swelling, vomiting and shock. Use an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) if necessary, and call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room. […] Your healthcare provider may treat more serious symptoms, such as those caused by a bark scorpion sting, with an antivenom medication. Antivenom can neutralize the effects of a scorpion stings venom. Its important to receive antivenom as soon as possible after serious symptoms appear.

• #56 Scorpion Sting Symptoms | ANASCORP® [centruroides (scorpion) immune F(ab’)? (equine) injection]

  https://www.anascorp-us.com/scorpion-sting-symptoms/

  ANASCORP [centruroides (scorpion) immune F(ab’)2 (equine) injection] is an equine-derived antivenom indicated for treatment of patients with clinical signs of scorpion envenomation. […] ANASCORP [centruroides (scorpion) immune F(ab’)2 (equine) injection] is an equine-derived antivenom indicated for treatment of patients with clinical signs of scorpion envenomation. […] Severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, may occur with ANASCORP. Close patient monitoring for hypersensitivity reactions and readiness with intravenous therapy using epinephrine, corticosteroids, and diphenhydramine hydrochloride is recommended during the infusion of ANASCORP. If an anaphylactic reaction occurs during the infusion, terminate administration at once and administer appropriate emergency medical care.

• #57 Novel therapeutic formulation developed for improved treatment of Indian red scorpion sting | Department Of Science & Technology

  https://dst.gov.in/novel-therapeutic-formulation-developed-improved-treatment-indian-red-scorpion-sting

  Novel therapeutic formulation developed for improved treatment of Indian red scorpion sting. A new therapeutic drug formulation (TDF) comprising of low doses of commercial equine anti-scorpion antivenom (ASA), α1- adrenoreceptor agonist (AAAs) and vitamin C, for inhibiting the Indian red scorpion venom-induced toxicity and associated symptoms can help improve clinical management of scorpion sting patients. […] The novel TDF efficiently neutralized the Indian red scorpion venom, induced increase in blood glucose level, organ tissue damage, necrosis, and pulmonary edema in Wistar rats, much better than commercial ASA, AAA, and vitamin C. The treatment holds promise for effective treatment against scorpion stings and will save the lives of millions of patients worldwide.

• #58 Novel therapeutic formulation developed for improved treatment of Indian red scorpion sting | Department Of Science & Technology

  https://dst.gov.in/novel-therapeutic-formulation-developed-improved-treatment-indian-red-scorpion-sting

  Novel therapeutic formulation developed for improved treatment of Indian red scorpion sting. A new therapeutic drug formulation (TDF) comprising of low doses of commercial equine anti-scorpion antivenom (ASA), α1- adrenoreceptor agonist (AAAs) and vitamin C, for inhibiting the Indian red scorpion venom-induced toxicity and associated symptoms can help improve clinical management of scorpion sting patients. […] The novel TDF efficiently neutralized the Indian red scorpion venom, induced increase in blood glucose level, organ tissue damage, necrosis, and pulmonary edema in Wistar rats, much better than commercial ASA, AAA, and vitamin C. The treatment holds promise for effective treatment against scorpion stings and will save the lives of millions of patients worldwide.

• #59 Novel therapeutic formulation developed for improved treatment of Indian red scorpion sting | Department Of Science & Technology

  https://dst.gov.in/novel-therapeutic-formulation-developed-improved-treatment-indian-red-scorpion-sting

  Novel therapeutic formulation developed for improved treatment of Indian red scorpion sting. A new therapeutic drug formulation (TDF) comprising of low doses of commercial equine anti-scorpion antivenom (ASA), α1- adrenoreceptor agonist (AAAs) and vitamin C, for inhibiting the Indian red scorpion venom-induced toxicity and associated symptoms can help improve clinical management of scorpion sting patients. […] The novel TDF efficiently neutralized the Indian red scorpion venom, induced increase in blood glucose level, organ tissue damage, necrosis, and pulmonary edema in Wistar rats, much better than commercial ASA, AAA, and vitamin C. The treatment holds promise for effective treatment against scorpion stings and will save the lives of millions of patients worldwide.

• #60 6 Essential Steps to Take After a Scorpion Sting – Advice from a Primary Care Doctor in Bridgeport, CT

  https://docsmedicalgroup.com/docsurgentcare/6-essential-steps-to-take-after-a-scorpion-sting-advice-from-a-primary-care-doctor-in-bridgeport-ct/

  Recovery time varies depending on the severity of the sting and individual health. Mild stings may heal in a few days, while more severe cases can take weeks. It’s important to monitor symptoms and follow proper aftercare steps. Consult a primary care doctor in Bridgeport, CT, if symptoms persist or worsen. […] The aftermath can include localized pain, swelling, numbness, and tingling. Severe stings may cause systemic symptoms like difficulty breathing, muscle spasms, and, in rare cases, convulsions. Always seek medical advice if you experience severe or unusual symptoms. […] It’s generally safe to sleep after a scorpion sting if symptoms are mild. However, avoid sedatives and monitor symptoms closely. Keeping the sting site elevated can help reduce swelling and discomfort. If you notice any worsening symptoms during the night, seek medical attention immediately. […] Scorpion venom has potential medical benefits. It contains compounds being researched for treating conditions like autoimmune diseases, cancer, and chronic pain. Scientists are exploring its use in developing new medications and therapies.

• #61 Inside scorpion venom: A future Rx for arthritis? | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

  https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/center-news/2020/03/scorpion-venom-arthritis-treatment.html

  Scientists at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center identified a tiny protein in scorpion venom that rapidly accumulates in joint cartilage. […] The approach is several years away from human patients, said the projects senior scientist Dr. Jim Olson, who discovers and develops new drugs using blueprints from nature. […] This is a strategy to improve arthritis relief with minimal systemic side effects. […] The team hopes to test this approach in patients through a clinical trial, Olson said. […] Olson added that while this study involved steroids, it shows that these mini-proteins could deliver other drugs into cartilage. […] The long-term goal is to deliver molecules that go beyond controlling arthritis to actually reversing it.

• #62 Scorpion Venom: The Newest Treatment for a Deadly Cancer – NFCR

  https://www.nfcr.org/blog/scorpion-venom-the-newest-treatment-for-a-deadly-cancer/

  Much like a scorpion uses toxin components to target and kill its prey, the research team at City of Hope are using it to direct T cells to target the cancerous cells. […] Using a component of scorpion venom called chlorotoxin (CLTX), these researchers were able to target cancerous cells without affecting nontumor cells in the brain or in other organs. The team successfully demonstrated that CLTX-directed CAR T cells were highly effective at selectively killing human GBM cells in cell-based assays and in animal models without off-tumor targeting and toxicity. After great success in the laboratory, the City of Hope research team is excited to proceed with the first-in-human clinical trial using the CLTX-CAR T cells.

• #63 Inside scorpion venom: A future Rx for arthritis? | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

  https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/center-news/2020/03/scorpion-venom-arthritis-treatment.html

  Scientists at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center identified a tiny protein in scorpion venom that rapidly accumulates in joint cartilage. […] The approach is several years away from human patients, said the projects senior scientist Dr. Jim Olson, who discovers and develops new drugs using blueprints from nature. […] This is a strategy to improve arthritis relief with minimal systemic side effects. […] The team hopes to test this approach in patients through a clinical trial, Olson said. […] Olson added that while this study involved steroids, it shows that these mini-proteins could deliver other drugs into cartilage. […] The long-term goal is to deliver molecules that go beyond controlling arthritis to actually reversing it.

• #64 Scorpion sting – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scorpion-stings/symptoms-causes/syc-20353859

  Scorpion stings are painful but rarely life-threatening. Healthy adults usually don’t need treatment for scorpion stings. […] Contact your local poison control center at once if a child is stung by a scorpion. To reach a poison control center in the U.S., call Poison Help at 800-222-1222. Also, seek medical care if you’ve been stung and begin to have a hard time breathing or other symptoms that continue for more than a week. […] A scorpion sting is caused by the stinger in a scorpion’s tail. When a scorpion stings, its stinger can release venom. The venom contains a complex mix of toxins that affect the nervous system. These are called neurotoxins.

• #65 Scorpion sting: What to do, treatment, and when to seek help

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/scorpion-sting

  A person should see a doctor if they have symptoms that get worse within 23 hours of the sting. A person needs emergency medical care if they have severe, potentially life threatening conditions that develop immediately following a sting. […] After experiencing a sting, a person should wash the area with soap and water and contact Poison Control for guidance. Often, a person will only need home care, such as pain relievers and ice. However, more serious cases may require additional medication and treatment. With proper medical care, most people should recover from a serious case.

• #66 How to Treat a Scorpion Sting (with Pictures) – wikiHow

  https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-a-Scorpion-Sting

  There are at least 1,500 scorpion species, and only 25 of them produce a venom that causes serious harm to adult humans. However, any scorpion sting has the potential to cause an allergic reaction, which can be dangerous in its own right. Even if you have identified the species and know it is harmless, treat the wound and be prepared to call emergency services if you feel any symptoms besides pain and slight swelling. […] Seek medical attention for serious symptoms. No matter what, children, infants, the elderly, and people with a damaged heart or lung should always seek medical attention for a scorpion sting. Still, most scorpion stings can be treated at home, although the most dangerous venom requires professional medical attention. Seek medical attention immediately if you see any of the following symptoms: vomiting, sweating, drooling, or foaming at the mouth; involuntary urination or excretion (peeing or pooing); thrashing or twitching muscles, including involuntary head, neck, or eye movements, or difficulty walking; accelerated or irregular heart rate; difficulty breathing, swallowing, speaking, or seeing; severe swelling from an allergic reaction.

• #67 6 Essential Steps to Take After a Scorpion Sting – Advice from a Primary Care Doctor in Bridgeport, CT

  https://docsmedicalgroup.com/docsurgentcare/6-essential-steps-to-take-after-a-scorpion-sting-advice-from-a-primary-care-doctor-in-bridgeport-ct/

  While many scorpion stings can be managed at home, there are certain situations where medical attention from a primary care doctor in Bridgeport, CT, is necessary. If you are unsure whether your symptoms require medical attention, it is always better to err on the side of caution and consult a healthcare professional. […] In general, seek medical help if you experience any of the following symptoms: Difficulty Breathing, Shortness of Breath, Severe Muscle Spasms or Convulsions, Changes in Vision, Severe Headache, Confusion or Disorientation, Swelling that Spreads Beyond the Sting Site, Persistent Pain that Does Not Improve with OTC Medications, Rapid Heart Rate, Signs of Infection, Fever, Nausea or Vomiting, Abdominal Pain, Sweating and Salivation, Uncontrollable Shivering. […] Preventing scorpion stings is an important aspect of safety, especially if you live in an area where scorpions are common. Here are some tips to help you avoid scorpion encounters: Keep your home clean and free of clutter. Seal cracks and gaps in doors, windows, and walls. Remove piles of wood, rocks, and debris from around your property. Use insecticides and natural repellents. Wear protective clothing.

• #68 How to Treat a Scorpion Sting (with Pictures) – wikiHow

  https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-a-Scorpion-Sting

  There are at least 1,500 scorpion species, and only 25 of them produce a venom that causes serious harm to adult humans. However, any scorpion sting has the potential to cause an allergic reaction, which can be dangerous in its own right. Even if you have identified the species and know it is harmless, treat the wound and be prepared to call emergency services if you feel any symptoms besides pain and slight swelling. […] Seek medical attention for serious symptoms. No matter what, children, infants, the elderly, and people with a damaged heart or lung should always seek medical attention for a scorpion sting. Still, most scorpion stings can be treated at home, although the most dangerous venom requires professional medical attention. Seek medical attention immediately if you see any of the following symptoms: vomiting, sweating, drooling, or foaming at the mouth; involuntary urination or excretion (peeing or pooing); thrashing or twitching muscles, including involuntary head, neck, or eye movements, or difficulty walking; accelerated or irregular heart rate; difficulty breathing, swallowing, speaking, or seeing; severe swelling from an allergic reaction.

• #69 What Should I Do If I Get Stung by a Scorpion? Fatal Symptoms

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_should_i_do_if_i_get_stung_by_a_scorpion/article.htm

  scorpion sting treatment Most healthy adults dont need treatment for a scorpion sting except for pain relief. […] It is essential to seek prompt medical care in the case of a scorpion sting. Though scorpion stings are painful but rarely fatal, young children and older adults are at risk of serious complications. Healthy adults usually don’t need treatment for stings except for pain relief. Most scorpion stings don’t need medical treatment and can be managed at home. […] However, if symptoms are severe, you may need hospital care, such as: […] They may give scorpion antivenom to children to prevent the development of symptoms, which they may also give to adults with severe symptoms. […] For most people, although a scorpions sting rarely kills, it can cause a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis, which is life-threatening and may lead to death.

• #70 What You Need to Know About Scorpion Stings  | The University of Arizona Health Sciences

  https://healthsciences.arizona.edu/news/blog/what-you-need-know-about-scorpion-stings

  When you are stung by a scorpion, you wont necessarily develop envenomation. Many people are stung and dont have any effects. […] If you are stung by a scorpion, call the Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222). They are highly skilled at talking you through next steps depending on your symptoms. […] If someone with severe scorpion envenomation visits an emergency department in Arizona, they are candidates for receiving the antivenom. […] Antivenom works by binding to the venom in the blood and deactivating it it essentially works like antibodies against scorpion venom. The venom is neutralized and symptoms resolve very quickly after antivenom administration.

• #71 Scorpions: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002850.htm

  Keep the affected area still, if possible, to prevent the venom from spreading. […] Loosen clothing and remove rings and other tight jewelry. […] Give the person diphenhydramine (Benadryl and other brands) by mouth if they can swallow. This antihistamine drug may be used alone for mild symptoms. […] Your local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions. […] The health care provider will measure and monitor the person’s vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. The wound and symptoms will be treated. The person may receive: […] Medicine to reverse the effect of the venom […] Medicine to treat symptoms.

• #72 Scorpion sting – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scorpion-stings/symptoms-causes/syc-20353859

  Scorpion stings are painful but rarely life-threatening. Healthy adults usually don’t need treatment for scorpion stings. […] Contact your local poison control center at once if a child is stung by a scorpion. To reach a poison control center in the U.S., call Poison Help at 800-222-1222. Also, seek medical care if you’ve been stung and begin to have a hard time breathing or other symptoms that continue for more than a week. […] A scorpion sting is caused by the stinger in a scorpion’s tail. When a scorpion stings, its stinger can release venom. The venom contains a complex mix of toxins that affect the nervous system. These are called neurotoxins.

• #73 Scorpion sting – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpion_sting

  A scorpion sting is an injury caused by the stinger of a scorpion resulting in the medical condition known as scorpionism, which may vary in severity. […] Treatment of the sting depends on the severity of the incident, which is classified as mild, moderate, or severe. This treatment is composed of three different aspects of the sting: symptomatic measures, vital functions support, and injection antivenom. […] Not all envenomations result in systemic complications; only a small proportion of stings have this effect on the victim.

• #74 Scorpion Envenomation Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-treatment

  Supportive care in all cases and antivenom in severe cases are used for the treatment of scorpion envenomation. […] Treatment generally consists of moving the patient away from the scorpion and stabilizing the patient’s airway and vital signs, followed by administration of antivenin and institution of symptomatic and local treatment. […] Use ice bags to reduce pain and to slow the absorption of venom via vasoconstriction. This is most effective during the first 2 hours following the sting. Alternatively, hot water immersion has been described as a first aid treatment for scorpion bites in Australia and in Taiwan. […] Antivenom is the treatment of choice after stabilization and supportive care. Because of the heterogeneity of venom composition between different scorpion species, one species’ antivenom will have limited effect on another scorpion species’ venom.

• #75 Scorpion Toxicity – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430928/

  Scorpions may use their long, flexible tails to sting potential predators. […] This activity describes the presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of scorpion stings and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in improving care for affected patients. […] Summarize the treatment of scorpion envenomation. […] Most stings only require supportive therapy, including ibuprofen, cleaning of the sting area, and tetanus prophylaxis. Patients should remain under observation for at least 4 hours, but the onset of life-threatening symptoms occurs much quicker in children, with an average of 14 minutes. […] In patients displaying severe symptoms such as hypersalivation, clonus, rapid eye movements, or restlessness, immediate intervention is critical. […] Antivenom is reserved for patients showing skeletal muscle or cranial nerve dysfunction who are stung by either Centruroides or Parabuthus.

• #76 Scorpion Sting: Treatment and Prevention Guide

  https://dtermination.com/how-to-treat-a-scorpion-sting/

  Scorpion stings can be painful and potentially dangerous. However, most stings can be treated at home with simple first aid measures such as cleaning the wound, applying cool compresses, and taking over-the-counter pain relievers. […] It is important to seek emergency medical care if any other serious symptoms develop.

• #77 Scorpion sting | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/scorpion-sting?content_id=CON-20193996

  Scorpion stings are painful but rarely life-threatening. […] Healthy adults usually don’t need treatment for scorpion stings. […] Contact your local poison control center at once if a child is stung by a scorpion. […] Also, seek medical care if you’ve been stung and begin to have a hard time breathing or other symptoms that continue for more than a week. […] Most scorpion stings don’t need medical treatment. But if symptoms are serious, you may need to receive care in a hospital. You may be given drugs through a vein to treat pain. […] Scorpion anti-venom may be given to children to keep symptoms from happening. Adults with serious symptoms also may be given anti-venom. […] If a scorpion stings your child, first contact your local poison control center. […] Based on Poison Help’s advice, consider the following: Clean the wound with mild soap and water. Apply a cool compress to the affected area. This may ease the pain. […] If you’re healthy and you’re not having any serious symptoms, you may not need to be treated by a doctor. Rather, you also can follow the steps above.

• #78 Emerging options for the management of scorpion stings – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22826633/

  Scorpion stings are common in many tropical countries. […] Although controversial, immunotherapy is the only etiological treatment. Administered early, it prevents many complications and improves the outcome. New antivenoms are highly purified immunoglobulin fragments, the efficacy and safety of which are excellent. […] Symptomatic treatment is still necessary to support immunotherapy, especially in cases of delayed arrival at hospital. A combination of both approaches should be considered, based on local resources and constraints.

• #79 Scorpion Sting – Symptoms And Causes – First Aid Pro Perth

  https://thefirstaidcourseperth.com.au/scorpion-sting-symptoms-and-causes/

  Keeping the affected limb elevated can also help reduce swelling. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help alleviate pain associated with scorpion bites or stings. […] Antihistamines or corticosteroid creams can help reduce itching and swelling associated with scorpion bites or stings. […] Its essential to stay calm and still to prevent the venom from spreading more quickly through the bloodstream. […] Its important to monitor symptoms closely and seek medical attention if they worsen or if any signs of an allergic reaction occur. […] You should seek medical attention if you or someone you know experiences any of the following: Severe pain or swelling, Difficulty breathing, Muscle spasms, Sweating or chills, Elevated heart rate, Numbness or tingling, Allergic reaction. […] If the symptoms worsen or you experience signs of a severe allergic reaction, seek medical attention immediately. […] Scorpion bites and stings can be painful and even life-threatening, but with proper first aid measures, the symptoms can be managed and complications can be prevented.

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