Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Scorpion Sting: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17860-scorpion-stings

  Your healthcare provider may treat more serious symptoms, such as those caused by a bark scorpion sting, with an antivenom medication. Antivenom can neutralize the effects of a scorpion stings venom. Its important to receive antivenom as soon as possible after serious symptoms appear. […] Depending on the type of scorpion, the venom can cause pain or, much more rarely, affect your nervous system and cause other serious health problems. These issues can include heart, breathing, and muscle problems. Its important to get immediate medical help if you have severe symptoms after a scorpion sting. […] Scorpion stings are usually more dangerous to children than adults. The venom can have a stronger effect in a childs smaller body. […] If you develop symptoms of an allergic reaction, call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room for treatment. Though extremely rare, the bark scorpion sting can be fatal if left untreated.

• #2 Scorpion sting – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scorpion-stings/symptoms-causes/syc-20353859

  Scorpion stings are painful but rarely life-threatening. Healthy adults usually don’t need treatment for scorpion stings. Young children and older adults are most at risk of serious complications. […] Contact your local poison control center at once if a child is stung by a scorpion. To reach a poison control center in the U.S., call Poison Help at 800-222-1222. Also, seek medical care if you’ve been stung and begin to have a hard time breathing or other symptoms that continue for more than a week. If you’re concerned about a scorpion sting, you also can call your local poison control center for advice. […] The very old and the very young are most likely to die of untreated venomous scorpion stings. The cause is usually heart or lung failure that occurs some hours after the sting. Very few deaths from scorpion stings have been reported in the U.S.

• #3 Scorpion sting – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/scorpion-sting/

  Scorpion stings are painful but rarely life-threatening. Healthy adults usually don’t need treatment for scorpion stings. Young children and older adults are most at risk of serious complications. […] Contact your local poison control center at once if a child is stung by a scorpion. To reach a poison control center in the U.S., call Poison Help at 800-222-1222. Also, seek medical care if you’ve been stung and begin to have a hard time breathing or other symptoms that continue for more than a week. If you’re concerned about a scorpion sting, you also can call your local poison control center for advice. […] Most scorpion stings don’t need medical treatment. But if symptoms are serious, you may need to receive care in a hospital. You may be given drugs through a vein to treat pain. […] Scorpion anti-venom may be given to children to keep symptoms from happening. Adults with serious symptoms also may be given anti-venom.

• #4 Scorpion sting – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scorpion-stings/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353865

  Most scorpion stings don’t need medical treatment. But if symptoms are serious, you may need to receive care in a hospital. You may be given drugs through a vein to treat pain. […] Scorpion anti-venom may be given to children to keep symptoms from happening. Adults with serious symptoms also may be given anti-venom. […] If a scorpion stings your child, first contact your local poison control center. […] Clean the wound with mild soap and water. […] Apply a cool compress to the affected area. This may ease the pain. […] If stung on an arm or leg, rest the affected limb in a supportive position. […] If having a hard time swallowing, limit intake to sips of water. If this symptom does not resolve or gets worse over the next hour, seek medical attention. […] Don’t take or give any medicines to make you sleep or to feel calm or less anxious.

• #5 Scorpion Sting: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17860-scorpion-stings

  Scorpion stings are painful but mostly harmless. You usually wont need medical treatment for a sting. You can typically treat a sting at home with ice, elevation, pain medication and antihistamines. […] Treatment for scorpion stings depends on the type of scorpion involved and the amount of venom injected. Most people dont need to see a healthcare provider for a scorpion sting. However, you can call the poison control center for guidance. What you can do for scorpion sting treatment at home includes: Clean the site of the sting with soap and water. Apply ice or a cold compress to the area. Elevate the area so its at the same level as your heart. Use an antihistamine or corticosteroid on the affected area. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever such as acetaminophen to reduce the pain. […] If youre not sure what kind of scorpion stung you or you develop symptoms of an allergic reaction, seek immediate medical attention. These symptoms may include difficulty breathing, extreme swelling, vomiting and shock. Use an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) if necessary, and call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

• #6 Scorpion sting – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scorpion-stings/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353865

  Most scorpion stings don’t need medical treatment. But if symptoms are serious, you may need to receive care in a hospital. You may be given drugs through a vein to treat pain. […] Scorpion anti-venom may be given to children to keep symptoms from happening. Adults with serious symptoms also may be given anti-venom. […] If a scorpion stings your child, first contact your local poison control center. […] Clean the wound with mild soap and water. […] Apply a cool compress to the affected area. This may ease the pain. […] If stung on an arm or leg, rest the affected limb in a supportive position. […] If having a hard time swallowing, limit intake to sips of water. If this symptom does not resolve or gets worse over the next hour, seek medical attention. […] Don’t take or give any medicines to make you sleep or to feel calm or less anxious.

• #7 Scorpion Sting: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17860-scorpion-stings

  Scorpion stings are painful but mostly harmless. You usually wont need medical treatment for a sting. You can typically treat a sting at home with ice, elevation, pain medication and antihistamines. […] Treatment for scorpion stings depends on the type of scorpion involved and the amount of venom injected. Most people dont need to see a healthcare provider for a scorpion sting. However, you can call the poison control center for guidance. What you can do for scorpion sting treatment at home includes: Clean the site of the sting with soap and water. Apply ice or a cold compress to the area. Elevate the area so its at the same level as your heart. Use an antihistamine or corticosteroid on the affected area. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever such as acetaminophen to reduce the pain. […] If youre not sure what kind of scorpion stung you or you develop symptoms of an allergic reaction, seek immediate medical attention. These symptoms may include difficulty breathing, extreme swelling, vomiting and shock. Use an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) if necessary, and call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

• #8 Scorpion Sting | PAK Pediatrics

  https://pakpeds.com/scorpion-sting/

  The main symptoms are pain, tingling and numbness only in the sting area. […] Symptoms shouldn’t be any worse than a bad bee sting. […] Here is some care advice that should help. […] Wash the sting site well with soap and water. […] For pain or swelling, use a cold pack. You can also use ice wrapped in a wet cloth. […] To help with the pain, give an acetaminophen product (such as Tylenol). […] Another choice is an ibuprofen product (such as Advil). […] Until they go away, keep using the pain medicine as needed. […] Pain at the sting site is usually gone by 24 hours. […] Shock waves of tingling also gone by 24 hours. […] Numbness and tingling around the sting may last 2 to 3 days. […] Call Your Doctor If: Serious symptoms occur. […] Pain, tingling or numbness start on both sides of the body.

• #9 Scorpions – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/scorpions

  Most stings from North American scorpions do not need treatment. Children 6 years and younger are more likely to have harmful effects from venomous types of scorpions. […] Clean the area thoroughly with soap and water. […] Place ice (wrapped in a clean cloth) on the site of the sting for 10 minutes and then off for 10 minutes. Repeat this process. If the person has problems with blood circulation, decrease the time that the ice is on the area to prevent possible skin damage. […] Keep the affected area still, if possible, to prevent the venom from spreading. […] Loosen clothing and remove rings and other tight jewelry. […] Give the person diphenhydramine (Benadryl and other brands) by mouth if they can swallow. This antihistamine drug may be used alone for mild symptoms. […] The health care provider will measure and monitor the person’s vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. The wound and symptoms will be treated. The person may receive: […] Medicine to reverse the effect of the venom […] Medicine to treat symptoms.

• #10 How to Treat a Scorpion Sting (with Pictures) – wikiHow

  https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-a-Scorpion-Sting

  Wash the sting area with soap and water. Gently remove any clothing from around the area and wash gently. This helps remove any residual venom around the area and keeps the wound clear to reduce risk of infection. […] Keep the injury area still and below heart level. Unlike some injuries, scorpion sting wounds should never be raised above the heart, as this can cause the venom to spread more quickly through your system. […] Calm the victim. Anxiety or excitement can cause a faster heart rate, which will increase the rate that venom is absorbed. Reassure the victim if possible, and prevent him from moving. […] Apply a cold pack or ice to the sting area. The cold helps slow the spread of venom, reduce swelling, and numb the pain. […] Take nonprescription painkillers to reduce pain. Use ibuprofen, aspirin, or acetaminophen to relieve discomfort and pain. Always follow the directions on the label.

• #11 Scorpion sting – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scorpion-stings/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353865

  Most scorpion stings don’t need medical treatment. But if symptoms are serious, you may need to receive care in a hospital. You may be given drugs through a vein to treat pain. […] Scorpion anti-venom may be given to children to keep symptoms from happening. Adults with serious symptoms also may be given anti-venom. […] If a scorpion stings your child, first contact your local poison control center. […] Clean the wound with mild soap and water. […] Apply a cool compress to the affected area. This may ease the pain. […] If stung on an arm or leg, rest the affected limb in a supportive position. […] If having a hard time swallowing, limit intake to sips of water. If this symptom does not resolve or gets worse over the next hour, seek medical attention. […] Don’t take or give any medicines to make you sleep or to feel calm or less anxious.

• #12 Scorpion sting // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/scorpion-sting

  If having a hard time swallowing, limit intake to sips of water. If this symptom does not resolve or gets worse over the next hour, seek medical attention. […] Don’t take or give any medicines to make you sleep or to feel calm or less anxious. […] Take a pain reliever available without a prescription as needed. You might try ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, Children’s Motrin, others) to ease pain. […] Check vaccination records to be sure tetanus vaccinations are up to date for you and your child.

• #13 Scorpion Envenomation Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-treatment

  Supportive care in all cases and antivenom in severe cases are used for the treatment of scorpion envenomation. […] Because the clinical manifestations and severity of the symptoms vary among patients, individualize management of scorpion stings. Furthermore, frequent patient monitoring allows earlier recognition of the life-threatening problems of scorpion envenomation. Treatment generally consists of moving the patient away from the scorpion and stabilizing the patient’s airway and vital signs, followed by administration of antivenin and institution of symptomatic and local treatment. […] Use ice bags to reduce pain and to slow the absorption of venom via vasoconstriction. This is most effective during the first 2 hours following the sting. […] Calm the patient to lower the heart rate and blood pressure, thus limiting the spread of the venom.

• #14 Scorpion Envenomation Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-treatment

  Administer local wound care. […] Administer systemic antibiotics if signs of secondary infection occur. […] Antivenom is the treatment of choice after stabilization and supportive care. Because of the heterogeneity of venom composition between different scorpion species, one species’ antivenom will have limited effect on another scorpion species’ venom. Thus, correct scorpion species identification is a prerequisite for proper antivenom treatment. […] Inpatient care is dictated by the severity of the envenomation and consists of stabilizing the patient, neutralizing the venom, providing supportive therapies, and preventing complications. Patients with grade III or grade IV Centruroides stings and other severe Buthidae envenomations should be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and/or treated with antivenom. […] Treat all patients with severe systemic symptoms in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting because of the unpredictability of the symptomology, the risks associated with antivenin administration, and the need for airway or blood pressure support.

• #15 Scorpion sting: What to do, treatment, and when to seek help

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/scorpion-sting

  Treatment varies based on the species of scorpion that stung the person. However, if in doubt, a person should seek medical care as soon as possible. […] For mild symptoms, such as pain and numbness at the site of the sting, a person may not need much care. They may wish to perform self-care that involves: cleaning the area around the sting, applying a cold pack or compress, taking ibuprofen or acetaminophen for pain relief. […] However, if a more dangerous species such as a bark scorpion stings a person, treatment will vary depending on the severity of sting: […] A person should see a doctor if they have symptoms that get worse within 23 hours of the sting. A person needs emergency medical care if they have severe, potentially life threatening conditions that develop immediately following a sting.

• #16 Scorpion Sting: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17860-scorpion-stings

  Scorpion stings are painful but mostly harmless. You usually wont need medical treatment for a sting. You can typically treat a sting at home with ice, elevation, pain medication and antihistamines. […] Treatment for scorpion stings depends on the type of scorpion involved and the amount of venom injected. Most people dont need to see a healthcare provider for a scorpion sting. However, you can call the poison control center for guidance. What you can do for scorpion sting treatment at home includes: Clean the site of the sting with soap and water. Apply ice or a cold compress to the area. Elevate the area so its at the same level as your heart. Use an antihistamine or corticosteroid on the affected area. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever such as acetaminophen to reduce the pain. […] If youre not sure what kind of scorpion stung you or you develop symptoms of an allergic reaction, seek immediate medical attention. These symptoms may include difficulty breathing, extreme swelling, vomiting and shock. Use an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) if necessary, and call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

• #17 Scorpion Stings Ocala, FL

  https://ocalaflwomenshealth.com/womens-health/healthwise?DOCHWID=tm6501

  Scorpion stings may include: […] If you have been stung by a scorpion, it’s important to talk to a doctor immediately. Medicine (antivenom) may be needed to counteract the effects of the scorpion sting. […] Put ice or a cold pack on the area for 10 to 20 minutes at a time. Put a thin cloth between the ice and your skin. […] Try an over-the-counter medicine for itching, redness, swelling, and pain. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label. […] Take an over-the-counter antihistamine to help calm the itching or swelling. […] Put a hydrocortisone 1% cream or calamine lotion on the skin. […] Don’t scratch or rub the skin around the area.

• #18 Scorpion Sting: Treatment and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/scorpion-sting

  Most scorpion stings don’t require treatment, though it can be a good idea to see your doctor as a precaution. […] If symptoms are severe, you may need to receive hospital care. […] You may need to take sedatives if you’re experiencing muscle spasms and intravenous (IV) medication to treat high blood pressure, pain, and agitation. […] Scorpion antivenom is sometimes used with caution because of concerns over its side effects and cost (although with the development of Anascorp antivenom, adverse effects have been reduced). […] Antivenom is most effective if given before symptoms develop, so children who are seen in remote rural emergency rooms in areas with scorpions, where access to medical care is limited, are often treated with antivenom as a preventive measure. […] Your treatment will depend on whether your doctor decides that your symptoms are due to an allergic reaction, rather than the effects of the venom itself, and how severe these symptoms are.

• #19 Scorpion Envenomation Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-treatment

  Administer local wound care. […] Administer systemic antibiotics if signs of secondary infection occur. […] Antivenom is the treatment of choice after stabilization and supportive care. Because of the heterogeneity of venom composition between different scorpion species, one species’ antivenom will have limited effect on another scorpion species’ venom. Thus, correct scorpion species identification is a prerequisite for proper antivenom treatment. […] Inpatient care is dictated by the severity of the envenomation and consists of stabilizing the patient, neutralizing the venom, providing supportive therapies, and preventing complications. Patients with grade III or grade IV Centruroides stings and other severe Buthidae envenomations should be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and/or treated with antivenom. […] Treat all patients with severe systemic symptoms in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting because of the unpredictability of the symptomology, the risks associated with antivenin administration, and the need for airway or blood pressure support.

• #20 63. Global Spider and Scorpion Envenomation Management

  https://tccc.org.ua/en/guide/global-spider-and-scorpion-envenomation-management-cpg

  For clinically significant envenomation, management is supportive and focused on the patients symptoms. Benzodiazepines are the first line therapy for sympathomimetic toxicity. […] In patients with significant neuromuscular spasm, oral secretions, sedation, or other threats to the patent airway, perform endotracheal intubation to prevent aspiration and ensure adequate ventilation. Pulmonary edema should be managed with noninvasive or invasive ventilation in combination with optimization of cardiac output. […] Antivenom is available for some species; data regarding the benefits and risks of many of these antivenoms are significantly limited. In patients with moderate to severe symptoms refractory to analgesics and benzodiazepines, antivenom, if available, may be indicated. Due to the high risk of immediate or delayed allergic reactions to these antivenoms, intravenous histamine antagonists (i.e. diphenhydramine), steroids, and epinephrine should be immediately available at the patients bedside prior to antivenom administration.

• #21

  https://www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-environmental/scorpion-stings

  Centruroides exilicauda stings are associated with major neurologic toxicity, especially in young children. Supportive care is the key component of management. Antivenom therapy with equine derived Fab fragments reduces the duration of symptoms. […] Most victims of Centruroides excilicauda scorpion bites can be managed with supportive care only, such as local wound care, tetanus prophylaxis, opioids for muscle pain, and benzodiazepines for neuromuscular symptoms. Airway support is important and patients may require ventilation due to hypersalivation and autonomic dysfunction. […] Antivenom (Anascorp, US; Alacramyn, Mexico) should only be considered when there is severe somatic or cranial nerve dysfunction not controlled by supportive measures. It is widely available in Mexico and Anascorp is approved for use in the United States. Antivenom is given intravenously in a dose of three vials dissolved in 20 to 50 mL of normal saline infused over 30 minutes.

• #22 Scorpion Sting: Treatment and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/scorpion-sting

  Most scorpion stings don’t require treatment, though it can be a good idea to see your doctor as a precaution. […] If symptoms are severe, you may need to receive hospital care. […] You may need to take sedatives if you’re experiencing muscle spasms and intravenous (IV) medication to treat high blood pressure, pain, and agitation. […] Scorpion antivenom is sometimes used with caution because of concerns over its side effects and cost (although with the development of Anascorp antivenom, adverse effects have been reduced). […] Antivenom is most effective if given before symptoms develop, so children who are seen in remote rural emergency rooms in areas with scorpions, where access to medical care is limited, are often treated with antivenom as a preventive measure. […] Your treatment will depend on whether your doctor decides that your symptoms are due to an allergic reaction, rather than the effects of the venom itself, and how severe these symptoms are.

• #23 Scorpion Sting Treatment, Symptoms, Pictures & First Aid

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/wilderness_scorpion_sting/article_em.htm

  The treatment for scorpion stings are home remedies and rest. […] If a child is 5 years or younger is stung, seek evaluation by a medical caregiver. […] Most infants, small children and the elderly, especially if they are stung by a bark scorpion, which inhabits large areas in Arizona and New Mexico, should be seen quickly by a doctor as some of the severe reactions occur in these populations. However, anyone who experiences the severe symptoms listed previously after a scorpion sting needs immediate treatment in an emergency department. […] Antivenom therapy is available for the Centruroides species (bark scorpion), the antivenom (Anascorp) has been approved for use against the bark scorpion sting in 2011 by the FDA. It is made by immunizing horses with the venom and then the antivenom (immunoglobulin) is harvested from horse blood. The antivenom may stop all symptoms within about 4 hours after administration. Other researchers are developing antivenom to other species of scorpions. […] All but the mildest of symptoms require hospital admission for 24 hours of observation, especially for children.

• #24 Scorpion Sting Treatment, Symptoms, Pictures & First Aid

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/wilderness_scorpion_sting/article_em.htm

  The treatment for scorpion stings are home remedies and rest. […] If a child is 5 years or younger is stung, seek evaluation by a medical caregiver. […] Most infants, small children and the elderly, especially if they are stung by a bark scorpion, which inhabits large areas in Arizona and New Mexico, should be seen quickly by a doctor as some of the severe reactions occur in these populations. However, anyone who experiences the severe symptoms listed previously after a scorpion sting needs immediate treatment in an emergency department. […] Antivenom therapy is available for the Centruroides species (bark scorpion), the antivenom (Anascorp) has been approved for use against the bark scorpion sting in 2011 by the FDA. It is made by immunizing horses with the venom and then the antivenom (immunoglobulin) is harvested from horse blood. The antivenom may stop all symptoms within about 4 hours after administration. Other researchers are developing antivenom to other species of scorpions. […] All but the mildest of symptoms require hospital admission for 24 hours of observation, especially for children.

• #25 Scorpion Sting Treatment, Symptoms, Pictures & First Aid

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/wilderness_scorpion_sting/article_em.htm

  The treatment for scorpion stings are home remedies and rest. […] If a child is 5 years or younger is stung, seek evaluation by a medical caregiver. […] Most infants, small children and the elderly, especially if they are stung by a bark scorpion, which inhabits large areas in Arizona and New Mexico, should be seen quickly by a doctor as some of the severe reactions occur in these populations. However, anyone who experiences the severe symptoms listed previously after a scorpion sting needs immediate treatment in an emergency department. […] Antivenom therapy is available for the Centruroides species (bark scorpion), the antivenom (Anascorp) has been approved for use against the bark scorpion sting in 2011 by the FDA. It is made by immunizing horses with the venom and then the antivenom (immunoglobulin) is harvested from horse blood. The antivenom may stop all symptoms within about 4 hours after administration. Other researchers are developing antivenom to other species of scorpions. […] All but the mildest of symptoms require hospital admission for 24 hours of observation, especially for children.

• #26 Scorpion Sting: Treatment and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/scorpion-sting

  Most scorpion stings don’t require treatment, though it can be a good idea to see your doctor as a precaution. […] If symptoms are severe, you may need to receive hospital care. […] You may need to take sedatives if you’re experiencing muscle spasms and intravenous (IV) medication to treat high blood pressure, pain, and agitation. […] Scorpion antivenom is sometimes used with caution because of concerns over its side effects and cost (although with the development of Anascorp antivenom, adverse effects have been reduced). […] Antivenom is most effective if given before symptoms develop, so children who are seen in remote rural emergency rooms in areas with scorpions, where access to medical care is limited, are often treated with antivenom as a preventive measure. […] Your treatment will depend on whether your doctor decides that your symptoms are due to an allergic reaction, rather than the effects of the venom itself, and how severe these symptoms are.

• #27 Scorpion Sting: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17860-scorpion-stings

  Your healthcare provider may treat more serious symptoms, such as those caused by a bark scorpion sting, with an antivenom medication. Antivenom can neutralize the effects of a scorpion stings venom. Its important to receive antivenom as soon as possible after serious symptoms appear. […] Depending on the type of scorpion, the venom can cause pain or, much more rarely, affect your nervous system and cause other serious health problems. These issues can include heart, breathing, and muscle problems. Its important to get immediate medical help if you have severe symptoms after a scorpion sting. […] Scorpion stings are usually more dangerous to children than adults. The venom can have a stronger effect in a childs smaller body. […] If you develop symptoms of an allergic reaction, call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room for treatment. Though extremely rare, the bark scorpion sting can be fatal if left untreated.

• #28 Do’s and Don’ts for Snake Bites and Scorpion Stings | Banner

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/teach-me/scorpions-to-snakes-heres-what-not-to-do-if-stung-or-bitten

  Watch for symptoms: Allergic reactions are rare with scorpion stings, but call 911 if you experience difficulty breathing, chest pain, swelling of the face or throat and hives. Children younger than 5 years old are more likely to require a hospital visit, Dr. Kuhn said. After calling the Poison Center, a child with excessive drooling, roving eye movements or inconsolable crying may require antivenom medication that can only be administered in a hospital, most often in the emergency department.

• #29 Scorpion Stings (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/scorpion-stings.html

  If a scorpion stings someone, the area of the sting will hurt and may get swollen or red, depending on the type of scorpion. […] Anyone who is stung by a scorpion should get medical care right away. […] If your child gets stung, call your doctor, then: Wash the bite area carefully with soap and water. Apply cool compresses or an ice pack to the bite. Keep the bitten area raised and still to prevent the venom from spreading. Give acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain. […] Doctors treat someone stung by a scorpion with medicines, if needed, that help ease pain and control the body’s reactions to the venom. They may give an antivenom medicine to someone who doesn’t get better with the other medicines.

• #30 Do’s and Don’ts for Snake Bites and Scorpion Stings | Banner

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/teach-me/scorpions-to-snakes-heres-what-not-to-do-if-stung-or-bitten

  Watch for symptoms: Allergic reactions are rare with scorpion stings, but call 911 if you experience difficulty breathing, chest pain, swelling of the face or throat and hives. Children younger than 5 years old are more likely to require a hospital visit, Dr. Kuhn said. After calling the Poison Center, a child with excessive drooling, roving eye movements or inconsolable crying may require antivenom medication that can only be administered in a hospital, most often in the emergency department.

• #31 What You Need to Know About Scorpion Stings  | The University of Arizona Health Sciences

  https://healthsciences.arizona.edu/news/blog/what-you-need-know-about-scorpion-stings

  Anybody with these severe symptoms from a scorpion sting needs to seek medical attention. […] If you are stung by a scorpion, call the Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222). They are highly skilled at talking you through next steps depending on your symptoms. […] If youre having mild pain from a scorpion sting, you can put ice on it and take over-the-counter medicine, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. […] Do not treat a scorpion sting as an allergic reaction. Never take diphenhydramine (Benadryl), other antihistamines or use epinephrine (EpiPen), all of which can worsen some of the symptoms of scorpion envenomation, such as increased heart rate and high blood pressure. Scorpion envenomation is not an allergic reaction. […] Yes, we have antivenom in Arizona, and it is very effective. Its made with the venom of similar Mexican scorpion species.

• #32 Scorpion Toxicity – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430928/

  Scorpions may use their long, flexible tails to sting potential predators. […] This activity describes the presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of scorpion stings and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in improving care for affected patients. […] When a victim of a scorpion sting presents to the emergency department, there are a few things to keep in mind to guide care for the patient safely. […] In most cases, the sting of a scorpion causes pain but is relatively harmless to a healthy adult. […] Supportive care usually prevents mortality. […] Patients should remain under observation for at least 4 hours, but the onset of life-threatening symptoms occurs much quicker in children, with an average of 14 minutes. […] Immediate intervention is critical. […] Antivenom is reserved for patients showing skeletal muscle or cranial nerve dysfunction who are stung by either Centruroides or Parabuthus. […] Scorpion stings are best managed through an interprofessional approach that includes first responders, ER providers, and a poison control center. […] In these patients, securing the airway is critical if they are unresponsive to antivenom and other medical interventions, as mentioned above.

• #33 63. Global Spider and Scorpion Envenomation Management

  https://tccc.org.ua/en/guide/global-spider-and-scorpion-envenomation-management-cpg

  Scorpions envenomate humans by stinging them with the telson on their tail. The majority of medically significant envenomations occur in the Middle East, tropics (e.g., Southwest Asia, India, Central and South America), and North Africa. Scorpions are nocturnal, hibernate in the winter, and are active in the warm seasons. Humans are frequently envenomated by scorpions hiding in dark, hidden locations such as inside shoes and small crevices. […] The majority of scorpion envenomations can be adequately managed with pain medications (ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and opioids) and routine wound management to include tetanus prophylaxis. Most patients, especially adults, will not develop significant symptoms. Patients should be observed for 4-6 hours after envenomation to ensure no delayed onset of symptoms. Prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated.

• #34 Scorpions: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002850.htm

  Keep the affected area still, if possible, to prevent the venom from spreading. […] Loosen clothing and remove rings and other tight jewelry. […] Give the person diphenhydramine (Benadryl and other brands) by mouth if they can swallow. This antihistamine drug may be used alone for mild symptoms. […] Your local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. […] The health care provider will measure and monitor the person’s vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. […] The wound and symptoms will be treated. […] Death from scorpion stings rarely occurs in people older than 6 years. If symptoms rapidly become worse within the first 2 to 4 hours after the sting, a poor outcome is more likely. Symptoms may last several days or longer. Some deaths have occurred as late as weeks after the sting if complications develop.

• #35 FloridaHealthFinder | Scorpions | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder

  https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/002850

  Keep the affected area still, if possible, to prevent the venom from spreading. […] Loosen clothing and remove rings and other tight jewelry. […] Give the person diphenhydramine (Benadryl and other brands) by mouth if they can swallow. This antihistamine drug may be used alone for mild symptoms. […] Your local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions. […] The health care provider will measure and monitor the person’s vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. The wound and symptoms will be treated. […] Death from scorpion stings rarely occurs in people older than 6 years. If symptoms rapidly become worse within the first 2 to 4 hours after the sting, a poor outcome is more likely. Symptoms may last several days or longer. Some deaths have occurred as late as weeks after the sting if complications develop.

• #36 How to Treat a Scorpion Sting (with Pictures) – wikiHow

  https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-a-Scorpion-Sting

  There are at least 1,500 scorpion species, and only 25 of them produce a venom that causes serious harm to adult humans. However, any scorpion sting has the potential to cause an allergic reaction, which can be dangerous in its own right. Even if you have identified the species and know it is harmless, treat the wound and be prepared to call emergency services if you feel any symptoms besides pain and slight swelling. […] Call Emergency Services if necessary. If the victim is experiencing any symptoms besides pain and slight swelling, call emergency services. Also, call if you believe the scorpion is dangerous, or if the victim is a child, elderly person, or someone with a weak heart or lungs. […] Seek medical attention for serious symptoms. No matter what, children, infants, the elderly, and people with a damaged heart or lung should always seek medical attention for a scorpion sting. Still, most scorpion stings can be treated at home, although the most dangerous venom requires professional medical attention. Seek medical attention immediately if you see any of the following symptoms: Vomiting, sweating, drooling, or foaming at the mouth; Involuntary urination or excretion; Thrashing or twitching muscles; Accelerated or irregular heart rate; Difficulty breathing, swallowing, speaking, or seeing; Severe swelling from an allergic reaction.

• #37 Scorpion Sting: Treatment and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/scorpion-sting

  Older adults and children are the most likely to die from an untreated venomous scorpion bite. […] Death is typically caused by heart or respiratory failure some hours after they have been stung. […] Another possible complication of a scorpion sting, although it is very rare, is anaphylaxis. […] The majority of scorpion stings, while extremely painful, are nonvenomous and therefore harmless. […] If you’ve received a sting from a venomous scorpion and you live in an area that has access to good medical care, you’ll usually recover quickly and without complications. […] Older adults and children have an increased risk of adverse reactions to scorpion stings. […] In extremely rare cases, and usually in people who’ve experienced a previous scorpion sting, subsequent stings can lead to anaphylaxis. […] Even in these cases, in areas with good medical care, if the anaphylaxis is treated promptly, you can expect to make a full recovery.

• #38 Do’s and Don’ts for Snake Bites and Scorpion Stings | Banner

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/teach-me/scorpions-to-snakes-heres-what-not-to-do-if-stung-or-bitten

  Watch for symptoms: Allergic reactions are rare with scorpion stings, but call 911 if you experience difficulty breathing, chest pain, swelling of the face or throat and hives. Children younger than 5 years old are more likely to require a hospital visit, Dr. Kuhn said. After calling the Poison Center, a child with excessive drooling, roving eye movements or inconsolable crying may require antivenom medication that can only be administered in a hospital, most often in the emergency department.

• #39 63. Global Spider and Scorpion Envenomation Management

  https://tccc.org.ua/en/guide/global-spider-and-scorpion-envenomation-management-cpg

  For clinically significant envenomation, management is supportive and focused on the patients symptoms. Benzodiazepines are the first line therapy for sympathomimetic toxicity. […] In patients with significant neuromuscular spasm, oral secretions, sedation, or other threats to the patent airway, perform endotracheal intubation to prevent aspiration and ensure adequate ventilation. Pulmonary edema should be managed with noninvasive or invasive ventilation in combination with optimization of cardiac output. […] Antivenom is available for some species; data regarding the benefits and risks of many of these antivenoms are significantly limited. In patients with moderate to severe symptoms refractory to analgesics and benzodiazepines, antivenom, if available, may be indicated. Due to the high risk of immediate or delayed allergic reactions to these antivenoms, intravenous histamine antagonists (i.e. diphenhydramine), steroids, and epinephrine should be immediately available at the patients bedside prior to antivenom administration.

• #40 Scorpion sting | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/ikramdr01/scorpion-sting-173277069

  Advanced supportive management close attention to airway is required. Intubation and mechanical ventilation are sometimes necessary owing to venom effects and respiratory depression from the medications to control symptoms. Pulmonary edema is the most important cause of mortality and should be treated with propped up position, nasal oxygen,intravenous loop diuretics and prazosin.

• #41 Scorpion Envenomation Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-treatment

  Administer local wound care. […] Administer systemic antibiotics if signs of secondary infection occur. […] Antivenom is the treatment of choice after stabilization and supportive care. Because of the heterogeneity of venom composition between different scorpion species, one species’ antivenom will have limited effect on another scorpion species’ venom. Thus, correct scorpion species identification is a prerequisite for proper antivenom treatment. […] Inpatient care is dictated by the severity of the envenomation and consists of stabilizing the patient, neutralizing the venom, providing supportive therapies, and preventing complications. Patients with grade III or grade IV Centruroides stings and other severe Buthidae envenomations should be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and/or treated with antivenom. […] Treat all patients with severe systemic symptoms in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting because of the unpredictability of the symptomology, the risks associated with antivenin administration, and the need for airway or blood pressure support.

• #42 Scorpion Sting | PAK Pediatrics

  https://pakpeds.com/scorpion-sting/

  The main symptoms are pain, tingling and numbness only in the sting area. […] Symptoms shouldn’t be any worse than a bad bee sting. […] Here is some care advice that should help. […] Wash the sting site well with soap and water. […] For pain or swelling, use a cold pack. You can also use ice wrapped in a wet cloth. […] To help with the pain, give an acetaminophen product (such as Tylenol). […] Another choice is an ibuprofen product (such as Advil). […] Until they go away, keep using the pain medicine as needed. […] Pain at the sting site is usually gone by 24 hours. […] Shock waves of tingling also gone by 24 hours. […] Numbness and tingling around the sting may last 2 to 3 days. […] Call Your Doctor If: Serious symptoms occur. […] Pain, tingling or numbness start on both sides of the body.

• #43

  https://www.advocarepedgroup.com/is-your-child-sick/Scorpion-Sting

  The main symptoms are pain, tingling and numbness only in the sting area. […] Symptoms shouldn’t be any worse than a bad bee sting. […] Here is some care advice that should help. […] Wash the sting site well with soap and water. […] For pain or swelling, use a cold pack. You can also use ice wrapped in a wet cloth. […] To help with the pain, give an acetaminophen product (such as Tylenol). […] Another choice is an ibuprofen product (such as Advil). […] Until they go away, keep using the pain medicine as needed. […] Pain at the sting site is usually gone by 24 hours. […] Shock waves of tingling also gone by 24 hours. […] Numbness and tingling around the sting may last 2 to 3 days. […] Call Your Doctor If: Serious symptoms occur. […] Pain, tingling or numbness start on both sides of the body.

• #44 Scorpion sting – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scorpion-stings/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353865

  Take a pain reliever available without a prescription as needed. You might try ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, Children’s Motrin, others) to ease pain. […] If you’re healthy and you’re not having any serious symptoms, you may not need to be treated by a doctor. Rather, you also can follow the steps above. […] Check vaccination records to be sure tetanus vaccinations are up to date for you and your child. […] These tips can help keep children safe until they see a doctor.

• #45 Scorpion sting // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/scorpion-sting

  If having a hard time swallowing, limit intake to sips of water. If this symptom does not resolve or gets worse over the next hour, seek medical attention. […] Don’t take or give any medicines to make you sleep or to feel calm or less anxious. […] Take a pain reliever available without a prescription as needed. You might try ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, Children’s Motrin, others) to ease pain. […] Check vaccination records to be sure tetanus vaccinations are up to date for you and your child.

• #46

  https://www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-environmental/scorpion-stings

  Centruroides exilicauda stings are associated with major neurologic toxicity, especially in young children. Supportive care is the key component of management. Antivenom therapy with equine derived Fab fragments reduces the duration of symptoms. […] Most victims of Centruroides excilicauda scorpion bites can be managed with supportive care only, such as local wound care, tetanus prophylaxis, opioids for muscle pain, and benzodiazepines for neuromuscular symptoms. Airway support is important and patients may require ventilation due to hypersalivation and autonomic dysfunction. […] Antivenom (Anascorp, US; Alacramyn, Mexico) should only be considered when there is severe somatic or cranial nerve dysfunction not controlled by supportive measures. It is widely available in Mexico and Anascorp is approved for use in the United States. Antivenom is given intravenously in a dose of three vials dissolved in 20 to 50 mL of normal saline infused over 30 minutes.

• #47 Scorpion sting | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/ikramdr01/scorpion-sting-173277069

  Treatment with prazosin: Prazosin is pharmacological and physiological antidote to scorpion venom actions; a competitive postsynaptic alpha-1 adrenoreceptor antagonist. Prazosin has 1,000 fold affinity to alpha receptors (alpha receptors stimulation plays a major role in the evolution of myocardial dysfunction and acute pulmonary edema,tachycardia.) It totally reverses the metabolic and hormonal effects of alpha receptor stimulation. […] Prazosin should be given through a nasogastric tube if the patient is vomiting and the patient should be kept in lying posture for about 3 hours (even during examination) in order to prevent the first dose hypotension phenomenon. Repeat prazosin in the same dose after 3 hours depending on the clinical response and later every 6 hours (not exceeding 5 mg total in a day) till the extremities are warm, dry and the peripheral veins are visible easily. Prazosin can be given irrespective of blood pressure provided there is no hypovolemia. Since the advent of prazosin, the fatality due to scorpion sting has been reduced to less than 1%. Prazosin is a cellular and pharmacologic antidote to the actions of scorpion venom and it is also cardioprotective.

• #48

  https://www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-environmental/scorpion-stings

  Patients can present with cholinergic symptoms, especially excessive oral secretions. Atropine has been reported to be helpful in managing these symptoms. However, atropine should not be routinely used and should only be administered to patient who develop severe cholinergic crisis. The benefits of atropine must be weighed against the risk of tachycardia and dysrhythmias.

• #49

  https://journals.lww.com/jpcr/fulltext/2016/03020/scorpion_sting.4.aspx

  Administer Medication Meticulously. […] Prazosin is an alpha blocker. […] It counteracts scorpion induced adrenergic cardiovascular effects and reduces pulmonary edema through vasodilator effect. […] Addition of scorpion antivenom to prazosin enhances recovery time and shortens hospital stay of patients with grade 2 Mesobuthus Tamulus envenomation. […] Scorpion antivenom is available. […] Avoid using atropine, steroids, lytic cocktail, morphine, nifedipine and captopril.

• #50

  https://www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-environmental/scorpion-stings

  Patients can present with cholinergic symptoms, especially excessive oral secretions. Atropine has been reported to be helpful in managing these symptoms. However, atropine should not be routinely used and should only be administered to patient who develop severe cholinergic crisis. The benefits of atropine must be weighed against the risk of tachycardia and dysrhythmias.

• #51 Scorpions – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/scorpions

  Most stings from North American scorpions do not need treatment. Children 6 years and younger are more likely to have harmful effects from venomous types of scorpions. […] Clean the area thoroughly with soap and water. […] Place ice (wrapped in a clean cloth) on the site of the sting for 10 minutes and then off for 10 minutes. Repeat this process. If the person has problems with blood circulation, decrease the time that the ice is on the area to prevent possible skin damage. […] Keep the affected area still, if possible, to prevent the venom from spreading. […] Loosen clothing and remove rings and other tight jewelry. […] Give the person diphenhydramine (Benadryl and other brands) by mouth if they can swallow. This antihistamine drug may be used alone for mild symptoms. […] The health care provider will measure and monitor the person’s vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. The wound and symptoms will be treated. The person may receive: […] Medicine to reverse the effect of the venom […] Medicine to treat symptoms.

• #52 Scorpion Stings – Health Information Library | PeaceHealth

  https://www.peacehealth.org/medical-topics/id/tm6501

  Symptoms of a scorpion sting may include: […] If you have been stung by a scorpion, it’s important to talk to a doctor immediately. Medicine (antivenom) may be needed to counteract the effects of the scorpion sting. […] Put ice or a cold pack on the area for 10 to 20 minutes at a time. Put a thin cloth between the ice and your skin. […] Try an over-the-counter medicine for itching, redness, swelling, and pain. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label. […] Take an over-the-counter antihistamine to help calm the itching or swelling. […] Put a hydrocortisone 1% cream or calamine lotion on the skin. […] Don’t scratch or rub the skin around the area.

• #53 How Do You Treat A Scorpion Sting?

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/scorpion-stings

  A jab from this critters curvy tail is painful, but it rarely causes an allergic reaction. […] You might have minor problems, like pain, swelling, numbness, and tingling at the site. Put ice on the area to bring down the swelling. Take an antihistamine or use a hydrocortisone cream to ease inflammation and itching. […] If you think one has stung you, call your doctor or go to the emergency room. If you can, bring the scorpion with you. Drop it into scalding water to kill it first. Then put the body in a storage bag or lidded box.

• #54 Venomous bites and stings | MSF Medical Guidelines

  https://medicalguidelines.msf.org/en/viewport/CG/english/venomous-bites-and-stings-18482425.html

  In most cases, the sting causes local effects including: pain, oedema, erythema. Management includes strict rest, wound cleansing, analgesics PO, and tetanus prophylaxis. […] General signs appear in the event of severe envenomation: hypertension, excessive salivation and sweating, hyperthermia, vomiting, diarrhoea, muscle pain, respiratory difficulties, seizures; rarely, shock. […] Aetiological treatment: The use of scorpion antivenom sera is controversial (most of them are not very effective; they may be poorly tolerated due to insufficient purification). […] Symptomatic treatment: In the event of vomiting, diarrhoea or excessive sweating: prevention of dehydration (oral rehydration salts), especially in children. […] In the event of muscle pain: 10% calcium gluconate slow IV (children: 5 ml per injection, adults: 10 ml per injection, administered over 10 to 20 minutes). […] In the event of seizures: diazepam may be used with caution; the risk of respiratory depression is increased in envenomated patients.

• #55 Scorpion sting – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scorpion-stings/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353865

  Take a pain reliever available without a prescription as needed. You might try ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, Children’s Motrin, others) to ease pain. […] If you’re healthy and you’re not having any serious symptoms, you may not need to be treated by a doctor. Rather, you also can follow the steps above. […] Check vaccination records to be sure tetanus vaccinations are up to date for you and your child. […] These tips can help keep children safe until they see a doctor.

• #56 Scorpion Sting | PAK Pediatrics

  https://pakpeds.com/scorpion-sting/

  The main symptoms are pain, tingling and numbness only in the sting area. […] Symptoms shouldn’t be any worse than a bad bee sting. […] Here is some care advice that should help. […] Wash the sting site well with soap and water. […] For pain or swelling, use a cold pack. You can also use ice wrapped in a wet cloth. […] To help with the pain, give an acetaminophen product (such as Tylenol). […] Another choice is an ibuprofen product (such as Advil). […] Until they go away, keep using the pain medicine as needed. […] Pain at the sting site is usually gone by 24 hours. […] Shock waves of tingling also gone by 24 hours. […] Numbness and tingling around the sting may last 2 to 3 days. […] Call Your Doctor If: Serious symptoms occur. […] Pain, tingling or numbness start on both sides of the body.

• #57

  https://www.advocarepedgroup.com/is-your-child-sick/Scorpion-Sting

  The main symptoms are pain, tingling and numbness only in the sting area. […] Symptoms shouldn’t be any worse than a bad bee sting. […] Here is some care advice that should help. […] Wash the sting site well with soap and water. […] For pain or swelling, use a cold pack. You can also use ice wrapped in a wet cloth. […] To help with the pain, give an acetaminophen product (such as Tylenol). […] Another choice is an ibuprofen product (such as Advil). […] Until they go away, keep using the pain medicine as needed. […] Pain at the sting site is usually gone by 24 hours. […] Shock waves of tingling also gone by 24 hours. […] Numbness and tingling around the sting may last 2 to 3 days. […] Call Your Doctor If: Serious symptoms occur. […] Pain, tingling or numbness start on both sides of the body.

• #58 6 Essential Steps to Take After a Scorpion Sting – Advice from a Primary Care Doctor in Bridgeport, CT

  https://docsmedicalgroup.com/docsurgentcare/6-essential-steps-to-take-after-a-scorpion-sting-advice-from-a-primary-care-doctor-in-bridgeport-ct/

  Recovery time varies depending on the severity of the sting and individual health. Mild stings may heal in a few days, while more severe cases can take weeks. It’s important to monitor symptoms and follow proper aftercare steps. Consult a primary care doctor in Bridgeport, CT, if symptoms persist or worsen. […] The aftermath can include localized pain, swelling, numbness, and tingling. Severe stings may cause systemic symptoms like difficulty breathing, muscle spasms, and, in rare cases, convulsions. Always seek medical advice if you experience severe or unusual symptoms. […] It’s generally safe to sleep after a scorpion sting if symptoms are mild. However, avoid sedatives and monitor symptoms closely. Keeping the sting site elevated can help reduce swelling and discomfort. If you notice any worsening symptoms during the night, seek medical attention immediately.

• #59 Scorpion Sting Treatment, Symptoms, Pictures & First Aid

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/wilderness_scorpion_sting/article_em.htm

  The treatment for scorpion stings are home remedies and rest. […] If a child is 5 years or younger is stung, seek evaluation by a medical caregiver. […] Most infants, small children and the elderly, especially if they are stung by a bark scorpion, which inhabits large areas in Arizona and New Mexico, should be seen quickly by a doctor as some of the severe reactions occur in these populations. However, anyone who experiences the severe symptoms listed previously after a scorpion sting needs immediate treatment in an emergency department. […] Antivenom therapy is available for the Centruroides species (bark scorpion), the antivenom (Anascorp) has been approved for use against the bark scorpion sting in 2011 by the FDA. It is made by immunizing horses with the venom and then the antivenom (immunoglobulin) is harvested from horse blood. The antivenom may stop all symptoms within about 4 hours after administration. Other researchers are developing antivenom to other species of scorpions. […] All but the mildest of symptoms require hospital admission for 24 hours of observation, especially for children.

• #60

  https://journals.lww.com/jpcr/fulltext/2016/03020/scorpion_sting.4.aspx

  Scorpion sting is a life threatening medical emergency. […] It is worthwhile to remember Dr. H.S. Bawaskar, a private practitioner from Maharashtra who for the first time in world has introduced the usefulness of alpha blocker in scorpion sting nearly 25 years ago and has helped to reduce the mortality. […] Currently recommended first aid includes R = Reassure the patient, I = Immobilization of the limb in the same way as a fractural limb, G. H. = Get to Hospital Immediately, and T = Tell the doctor all that happened from the time of scorpion sting. […] Traditional remedies have NO PROVEN benefit in treating scorpion sting. […] However, local application of ice bags (one of the traditional methods) to reduce the pain is acceptable for some time if not contraindicated. […] Admit all victims of scorpion sting keep the victims under observation for 24 to 48 hrs.

• #61 How to Treat a Scorpion Sting (with Pictures) – wikiHow

  https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-a-Scorpion-Sting

  There are at least 1,500 scorpion species, and only 25 of them produce a venom that causes serious harm to adult humans. However, any scorpion sting has the potential to cause an allergic reaction, which can be dangerous in its own right. Even if you have identified the species and know it is harmless, treat the wound and be prepared to call emergency services if you feel any symptoms besides pain and slight swelling. […] Call Emergency Services if necessary. If the victim is experiencing any symptoms besides pain and slight swelling, call emergency services. Also, call if you believe the scorpion is dangerous, or if the victim is a child, elderly person, or someone with a weak heart or lungs. […] Seek medical attention for serious symptoms. No matter what, children, infants, the elderly, and people with a damaged heart or lung should always seek medical attention for a scorpion sting. Still, most scorpion stings can be treated at home, although the most dangerous venom requires professional medical attention. Seek medical attention immediately if you see any of the following symptoms: Vomiting, sweating, drooling, or foaming at the mouth; Involuntary urination or excretion; Thrashing or twitching muscles; Accelerated or irregular heart rate; Difficulty breathing, swallowing, speaking, or seeing; Severe swelling from an allergic reaction.

• #62 6 Remedies to Treat a Scorpion Sting at Home

  https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-to-treat-a-scorpion-sting-at-home

  Stay calm […] If the sting is more than just mild to moderate localized pain, you really should go to a medical facility to be evaluated. […] Here are some things you can do to treat lesser scorpion stings on your own. […] As you treat your scorpion sting, try to assess how its impacting you. […] Its important to make sure someone else can keep an eye on you should you take a turn for the worse. […] Definitely do not try to suck out the venom or make a cut on top of the sting to let out the venom or anything like that, Dr. Elser says. […] If you start to have neurological problems or breathing trouble from the sting, but youre sedated on top of that, it can make things a lot worse, Dr. Elser says. […] If youre experiencing numbness, trouble breathing or swallowing, slurred speech or any other unusual health issues, seek immediate medical assistance so a doctor can administer antivenom. […] Go to the nearest emergency department and let them know that you got stung by a scorpion, Dr. Elser advises.

• #63 6 Essential Steps to Take After a Scorpion Sting – Advice from a Primary Care Doctor in Bridgeport, CT

  https://docsmedicalgroup.com/docsurgentcare/6-essential-steps-to-take-after-a-scorpion-sting-advice-from-a-primary-care-doctor-in-bridgeport-ct/

  While many scorpion stings can be managed at home, there are certain situations where medical attention from a primary care doctor in Bridgeport, CT, is necessary. If you are unsure whether your symptoms require medical attention, it is always better to err on the side of caution and consult a healthcare professional. […] In general, seek medical help if you experience any of the following symptoms: Difficulty Breathing, Shortness of Breath, Severe Muscle Spasms or Convulsions, Changes in Vision, Severe Headache, Confusion or Disorientation, Swelling that Spreads Beyond the Sting Site, Persistent Pain that Does Not Improve with OTC Medications, Rapid Heart Rate, Signs of Infection, Fever, Nausea or Vomiting, Abdominal Pain, Sweating and Salivation, Uncontrollable Shivering. […] Preventing scorpion stings is an important aspect of safety, especially if you live in an area where scorpions are common. Here are some tips to help you avoid scorpion encounters: Keep your home clean and free of clutter. Seal cracks and gaps in doors, windows, and walls. Remove piles of wood, rocks, and debris from around your property. Use insecticides and natural repellents. Wear protective clothing.

• #64

  https://www.advocarepedgroup.com/is-your-child-sick/Scorpion-Sting

  The main symptoms are pain, tingling and numbness only in the sting area. […] Symptoms shouldn’t be any worse than a bad bee sting. […] Here is some care advice that should help. […] Wash the sting site well with soap and water. […] For pain or swelling, use a cold pack. You can also use ice wrapped in a wet cloth. […] To help with the pain, give an acetaminophen product (such as Tylenol). […] Another choice is an ibuprofen product (such as Advil). […] Until they go away, keep using the pain medicine as needed. […] Pain at the sting site is usually gone by 24 hours. […] Shock waves of tingling also gone by 24 hours. […] Numbness and tingling around the sting may last 2 to 3 days. […] Call Your Doctor If: Serious symptoms occur. […] Pain, tingling or numbness start on both sides of the body.

• #65 Scorpion Sting | PAK Pediatrics

  https://pakpeds.com/scorpion-sting/

  Sting starts to look infected. […] You think your child needs to be seen. […] Your child becomes worse. […] Do not walk barefoot in the desert, especially at night. Scorpions are most active at night. […] Check your shoes before you put them on (shake them). […] Shake out clothes, towels, bedding, and sleeping bags before using. […] Roll back your sheets at night, before getting into bed. […] Clear away any piles of wood or debris that are near the house. Scorpions hide there. […] Weatherstrip your windows and doors. […] Place the legs of a baby’s crib in wide-mouthed glass jars. Scorpions can’t climb glass. […] Hire a pest control expert for repeated problems.

• #66

  https://www.advocarepedgroup.com/is-your-child-sick/Scorpion-Sting

  Muscle jerks or twitching occur. […] You think your child needs to be seen. […] Your child becomes worse. […] Do not walk barefoot in the desert, especially at night. Scorpions are most active at night. […] Check your shoes before you put them on (shake them). […] Shake out clothes, towels, bedding, and sleeping bags before using. […] Roll back your sheets at night, before getting into bed. […] Clear away any piles of wood or debris that are near the house. Scorpions hide there. […] Weatherstrip your windows and doors. […] Place the legs of a baby’s crib in wide-mouthed glass jars. Scorpions can’t climb glass. […] Hire a pest control expert for repeated problems.

• #67 6 Essential Steps to Take After a Scorpion Sting – Advice from a Primary Care Doctor in Bridgeport, CT

  https://docsmedicalgroup.com/docsurgentcare/6-essential-steps-to-take-after-a-scorpion-sting-advice-from-a-primary-care-doctor-in-bridgeport-ct/

  While many scorpion stings can be managed at home, there are certain situations where medical attention from a primary care doctor in Bridgeport, CT, is necessary. If you are unsure whether your symptoms require medical attention, it is always better to err on the side of caution and consult a healthcare professional. […] In general, seek medical help if you experience any of the following symptoms: Difficulty Breathing, Shortness of Breath, Severe Muscle Spasms or Convulsions, Changes in Vision, Severe Headache, Confusion or Disorientation, Swelling that Spreads Beyond the Sting Site, Persistent Pain that Does Not Improve with OTC Medications, Rapid Heart Rate, Signs of Infection, Fever, Nausea or Vomiting, Abdominal Pain, Sweating and Salivation, Uncontrollable Shivering. […] Preventing scorpion stings is an important aspect of safety, especially if you live in an area where scorpions are common. Here are some tips to help you avoid scorpion encounters: Keep your home clean and free of clutter. Seal cracks and gaps in doors, windows, and walls. Remove piles of wood, rocks, and debris from around your property. Use insecticides and natural repellents. Wear protective clothing.

• #68 What Do You Really Know About Scorpion Stings? | iCare

  https://www.icare-er.com/what-do-you-really-know-about-scorpion-stings/

  Scorpions are common in many areas, but they are especially prevalent if their natural habitat has been disturbed. […] Regardless of the risk of scorpions in your area, it is smart to be proactive about preventing stings. Follow these tips: […] These tips are simple, but a proactive approach can save you and your family from the pain of being stung by a scorpion. […] If a scorpion stings you, then it is important to watch the symptoms so you can decide if medical treatment is needed. […] Common scorpion sting symptoms include: […] If a person has an allergic reaction or is stung by a venomous scorpion, then the symptoms can become more severe: […] In most cases, a sting from a scorpion won’t cause symptoms that require emergency medical services. […] Immediate first-aid can include:

• #69 What You Need to Know About Scorpion Stings  | The University of Arizona Health Sciences

  https://healthsciences.arizona.edu/news/blog/what-you-need-know-about-scorpion-stings

  Scorpion stings are common in Arizona. The Poison Control Centers in Arizona receive around 20,000 calls a year concerning scorpion stings, though this probably represents a fraction of the total number of stings. […] When you are stung by a scorpion, you wont necessarily develop envenomation. Many people are stung and dont have any effects. […] However, there are people who are more at risk of having severe symptoms. Young children and older adults are the most vulnerable. But the vast majority of scorpion stings, more than 95%, the side effects are minor. […] When someone is stung by a scorpion, the most common symptom is pain. Its usually a burning pain localized at the site of the sting, similar to a bee sting. […] Its when a sting causes symptoms worse than pain that we become concerned and consider it to be neurotoxic envenomation. Those symptoms include: Trouble coordinating muscle activity, Difficulty breathing, Extra salivation, Double vision, Nausea, Fever, High heart rate.

• #70 Scorpion Envenomation Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-treatment

  Administer local wound care. […] Administer systemic antibiotics if signs of secondary infection occur. […] Antivenom is the treatment of choice after stabilization and supportive care. Because of the heterogeneity of venom composition between different scorpion species, one species’ antivenom will have limited effect on another scorpion species’ venom. Thus, correct scorpion species identification is a prerequisite for proper antivenom treatment. […] Inpatient care is dictated by the severity of the envenomation and consists of stabilizing the patient, neutralizing the venom, providing supportive therapies, and preventing complications. Patients with grade III or grade IV Centruroides stings and other severe Buthidae envenomations should be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and/or treated with antivenom. […] Treat all patients with severe systemic symptoms in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting because of the unpredictability of the symptomology, the risks associated with antivenin administration, and the need for airway or blood pressure support.

• #71 Scorpion Sting: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17860-scorpion-stings

  Scorpion stings are painful but mostly harmless. You usually wont need medical treatment for a sting. You can typically treat a sting at home with ice, elevation, pain medication and antihistamines. […] Treatment for scorpion stings depends on the type of scorpion involved and the amount of venom injected. Most people dont need to see a healthcare provider for a scorpion sting. However, you can call the poison control center for guidance. What you can do for scorpion sting treatment at home includes: Clean the site of the sting with soap and water. Apply ice or a cold compress to the area. Elevate the area so its at the same level as your heart. Use an antihistamine or corticosteroid on the affected area. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever such as acetaminophen to reduce the pain. […] If youre not sure what kind of scorpion stung you or you develop symptoms of an allergic reaction, seek immediate medical attention. These symptoms may include difficulty breathing, extreme swelling, vomiting and shock. Use an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) if necessary, and call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

• #72 63. Global Spider and Scorpion Envenomation Management

  https://tccc.org.ua/en/guide/global-spider-and-scorpion-envenomation-management-cpg

  Scorpions envenomate humans by stinging them with the telson on their tail. The majority of medically significant envenomations occur in the Middle East, tropics (e.g., Southwest Asia, India, Central and South America), and North Africa. Scorpions are nocturnal, hibernate in the winter, and are active in the warm seasons. Humans are frequently envenomated by scorpions hiding in dark, hidden locations such as inside shoes and small crevices. […] The majority of scorpion envenomations can be adequately managed with pain medications (ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and opioids) and routine wound management to include tetanus prophylaxis. Most patients, especially adults, will not develop significant symptoms. Patients should be observed for 4-6 hours after envenomation to ensure no delayed onset of symptoms. Prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated.

• #73 Scorpion Sting Management at Tertiary and Secondary Care Emergency Departments

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6330186/

  We sought to review the management of scorpion stings in tertiary and secondary care emergency departments in Oman and determine physicians knowledge of management protocols. […] Most scorpion sting cases managed in SQUH had local symptoms. Tachycardia was the most common systemic manifestation. Bedside clotting test was not commonly ordered and mainly requested by junior doctors. Local anesthesia infiltration is the recommended management for scorpion sting. Analgesia was the main management followed by local anesthesia. […] Most physicians (98.8%, n = 79) treated patients with local symptoms (local pain and swelling). Only 13.8% (n = 11) treated patients with systemic symptoms. Analgesia were the main management prescribed (88.9%); 33.8% (n = 27) used intravenous analgesia, 21.3% (n = 17) used intramuscular analgesia, and 33.8% (n = 27) used oral analgesia. The other common modality of treatment was local anesthesia (81.3%, n = 65).

• #74 Scorpion Envenomation Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-treatment

  Administer local wound care. […] Administer systemic antibiotics if signs of secondary infection occur. […] Antivenom is the treatment of choice after stabilization and supportive care. Because of the heterogeneity of venom composition between different scorpion species, one species’ antivenom will have limited effect on another scorpion species’ venom. Thus, correct scorpion species identification is a prerequisite for proper antivenom treatment. […] Inpatient care is dictated by the severity of the envenomation and consists of stabilizing the patient, neutralizing the venom, providing supportive therapies, and preventing complications. Patients with grade III or grade IV Centruroides stings and other severe Buthidae envenomations should be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and/or treated with antivenom. […] Treat all patients with severe systemic symptoms in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting because of the unpredictability of the symptomology, the risks associated with antivenin administration, and the need for airway or blood pressure support.

• #75 63. Global Spider and Scorpion Envenomation Management

  https://tccc.org.ua/en/guide/global-spider-and-scorpion-envenomation-management-cpg

  For clinically significant envenomation, management is supportive and focused on the patients symptoms. Benzodiazepines are the first line therapy for sympathomimetic toxicity. […] In patients with significant neuromuscular spasm, oral secretions, sedation, or other threats to the patent airway, perform endotracheal intubation to prevent aspiration and ensure adequate ventilation. Pulmonary edema should be managed with noninvasive or invasive ventilation in combination with optimization of cardiac output. […] Antivenom is available for some species; data regarding the benefits and risks of many of these antivenoms are significantly limited. In patients with moderate to severe symptoms refractory to analgesics and benzodiazepines, antivenom, if available, may be indicated. Due to the high risk of immediate or delayed allergic reactions to these antivenoms, intravenous histamine antagonists (i.e. diphenhydramine), steroids, and epinephrine should be immediately available at the patients bedside prior to antivenom administration.

• #76 Scorpion sting | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/ikramdr01/scorpion-sting-173277069

  Advanced supportive management close attention to airway is required. Intubation and mechanical ventilation are sometimes necessary owing to venom effects and respiratory depression from the medications to control symptoms. Pulmonary edema is the most important cause of mortality and should be treated with propped up position, nasal oxygen,intravenous loop diuretics and prazosin.

• #77 Scorpion sting | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/ikramdr01/scorpion-sting-173277069

  Treatment with prazosin: Prazosin is pharmacological and physiological antidote to scorpion venom actions; a competitive postsynaptic alpha-1 adrenoreceptor antagonist. Prazosin has 1,000 fold affinity to alpha receptors (alpha receptors stimulation plays a major role in the evolution of myocardial dysfunction and acute pulmonary edema,tachycardia.) It totally reverses the metabolic and hormonal effects of alpha receptor stimulation. […] Prazosin should be given through a nasogastric tube if the patient is vomiting and the patient should be kept in lying posture for about 3 hours (even during examination) in order to prevent the first dose hypotension phenomenon. Repeat prazosin in the same dose after 3 hours depending on the clinical response and later every 6 hours (not exceeding 5 mg total in a day) till the extremities are warm, dry and the peripheral veins are visible easily. Prazosin can be given irrespective of blood pressure provided there is no hypovolemia. Since the advent of prazosin, the fatality due to scorpion sting has been reduced to less than 1%. Prazosin is a cellular and pharmacologic antidote to the actions of scorpion venom and it is also cardioprotective.

• #78 Scorpion sting | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/ikramdr01/scorpion-sting-173277069

  Treatment with prazosin: Prazosin is pharmacological and physiological antidote to scorpion venom actions; a competitive postsynaptic alpha-1 adrenoreceptor antagonist. Prazosin has 1,000 fold affinity to alpha receptors (alpha receptors stimulation plays a major role in the evolution of myocardial dysfunction and acute pulmonary edema,tachycardia.) It totally reverses the metabolic and hormonal effects of alpha receptor stimulation. […] Prazosin should be given through a nasogastric tube if the patient is vomiting and the patient should be kept in lying posture for about 3 hours (even during examination) in order to prevent the first dose hypotension phenomenon. Repeat prazosin in the same dose after 3 hours depending on the clinical response and later every 6 hours (not exceeding 5 mg total in a day) till the extremities are warm, dry and the peripheral veins are visible easily. Prazosin can be given irrespective of blood pressure provided there is no hypovolemia. Since the advent of prazosin, the fatality due to scorpion sting has been reduced to less than 1%. Prazosin is a cellular and pharmacologic antidote to the actions of scorpion venom and it is also cardioprotective.

• #79

  https://journals.lww.com/jpcr/fulltext/2016/03020/scorpion_sting.4.aspx

  Administer Medication Meticulously. […] Prazosin is an alpha blocker. […] It counteracts scorpion induced adrenergic cardiovascular effects and reduces pulmonary edema through vasodilator effect. […] Addition of scorpion antivenom to prazosin enhances recovery time and shortens hospital stay of patients with grade 2 Mesobuthus Tamulus envenomation. […] Scorpion antivenom is available. […] Avoid using atropine, steroids, lytic cocktail, morphine, nifedipine and captopril.

• #80 Scorpion sting | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/ikramdr01/scorpion-sting-173277069

  Treatment with prazosin: Prazosin is pharmacological and physiological antidote to scorpion venom actions; a competitive postsynaptic alpha-1 adrenoreceptor antagonist. Prazosin has 1,000 fold affinity to alpha receptors (alpha receptors stimulation plays a major role in the evolution of myocardial dysfunction and acute pulmonary edema,tachycardia.) It totally reverses the metabolic and hormonal effects of alpha receptor stimulation. […] Prazosin should be given through a nasogastric tube if the patient is vomiting and the patient should be kept in lying posture for about 3 hours (even during examination) in order to prevent the first dose hypotension phenomenon. Repeat prazosin in the same dose after 3 hours depending on the clinical response and later every 6 hours (not exceeding 5 mg total in a day) till the extremities are warm, dry and the peripheral veins are visible easily. Prazosin can be given irrespective of blood pressure provided there is no hypovolemia. Since the advent of prazosin, the fatality due to scorpion sting has been reduced to less than 1%. Prazosin is a cellular and pharmacologic antidote to the actions of scorpion venom and it is also cardioprotective.

• #81 Scorpion Envenomation Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-treatment

  Administer local wound care. […] Administer systemic antibiotics if signs of secondary infection occur. […] Antivenom is the treatment of choice after stabilization and supportive care. Because of the heterogeneity of venom composition between different scorpion species, one species’ antivenom will have limited effect on another scorpion species’ venom. Thus, correct scorpion species identification is a prerequisite for proper antivenom treatment. […] Inpatient care is dictated by the severity of the envenomation and consists of stabilizing the patient, neutralizing the venom, providing supportive therapies, and preventing complications. Patients with grade III or grade IV Centruroides stings and other severe Buthidae envenomations should be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and/or treated with antivenom. […] Treat all patients with severe systemic symptoms in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting because of the unpredictability of the symptomology, the risks associated with antivenin administration, and the need for airway or blood pressure support.

• #82 How Do You Treat A Scorpion Sting?

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/scorpion-stings

  A jab from this critters curvy tail is painful, but it rarely causes an allergic reaction. […] You might have minor problems, like pain, swelling, numbness, and tingling at the site. Put ice on the area to bring down the swelling. Take an antihistamine or use a hydrocortisone cream to ease inflammation and itching. […] If you think one has stung you, call your doctor or go to the emergency room. If you can, bring the scorpion with you. Drop it into scalding water to kill it first. Then put the body in a storage bag or lidded box.

• #83 Scorpion Stings – Injuries; Poisoning – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/bites-and-stings/scorpion-stings

  Although all scorpions in North America sting, most are relatively harmless. The stings usually cause only localized pain with minimal swelling, some lymphangitis with regional lymphadenopathy, increased skin temperature, and tenderness around the wound. […] A significant exception in North America is the bark scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus, also known as C. exilicauda), present in Arizona, in New Mexico, and on the California side of the Colorado River. This species is venomous and can cause more serious injury and illness. […] Treatment of nonvenomous scorpion stings is based on symptoms. An ice pack over the wound and oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce pain. […] Treatment of venomous Centruroides stings consists of bed rest, benzodiazepines for muscle spasms, and IV medications as needed to control hypertension, agitation, and pain. […] An antivenom that is specific for Centruroides is available in the United States and should be given to all patients with severe symptoms and to patients who are unresponsive to supportive care, particularly children.

• #84 Scorpion sting – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scorpion-stings/symptoms-causes/syc-20353859

  Scorpion stings are painful but rarely life-threatening. Healthy adults usually don’t need treatment for scorpion stings. Young children and older adults are most at risk of serious complications. […] Contact your local poison control center at once if a child is stung by a scorpion. To reach a poison control center in the U.S., call Poison Help at 800-222-1222. Also, seek medical care if you’ve been stung and begin to have a hard time breathing or other symptoms that continue for more than a week. If you’re concerned about a scorpion sting, you also can call your local poison control center for advice. […] The very old and the very young are most likely to die of untreated venomous scorpion stings. The cause is usually heart or lung failure that occurs some hours after the sting. Very few deaths from scorpion stings have been reported in the U.S.

• #85 Scorpion Sting: Treatment and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/scorpion-sting

  Older adults and children are the most likely to die from an untreated venomous scorpion bite. […] Death is typically caused by heart or respiratory failure some hours after they have been stung. […] Another possible complication of a scorpion sting, although it is very rare, is anaphylaxis. […] The majority of scorpion stings, while extremely painful, are nonvenomous and therefore harmless. […] If you’ve received a sting from a venomous scorpion and you live in an area that has access to good medical care, you’ll usually recover quickly and without complications. […] Older adults and children have an increased risk of adverse reactions to scorpion stings. […] In extremely rare cases, and usually in people who’ve experienced a previous scorpion sting, subsequent stings can lead to anaphylaxis. […] Even in these cases, in areas with good medical care, if the anaphylaxis is treated promptly, you can expect to make a full recovery.

• #86 Scorpion Toxicity – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430928/

  Scorpions may use their long, flexible tails to sting potential predators. […] This activity describes the presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of scorpion stings and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in improving care for affected patients. […] When a victim of a scorpion sting presents to the emergency department, there are a few things to keep in mind to guide care for the patient safely. […] In most cases, the sting of a scorpion causes pain but is relatively harmless to a healthy adult. […] Supportive care usually prevents mortality. […] Patients should remain under observation for at least 4 hours, but the onset of life-threatening symptoms occurs much quicker in children, with an average of 14 minutes. […] Immediate intervention is critical. […] Antivenom is reserved for patients showing skeletal muscle or cranial nerve dysfunction who are stung by either Centruroides or Parabuthus. […] Scorpion stings are best managed through an interprofessional approach that includes first responders, ER providers, and a poison control center. […] In these patients, securing the airway is critical if they are unresponsive to antivenom and other medical interventions, as mentioned above.

• #87 Scorpions: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002850.htm

  This article describes the effects of a scorpion sting. […] If you or someone you are with is stung, call the local emergency number (such as 911), or the local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. […] Most stings from North American scorpions do not need treatment. Children 6 years and younger are more likely to have harmful effects from venomous types of scorpions. […] Clean the area thoroughly with soap and water. […] Place ice (wrapped in a clean cloth) on the site of the sting for 10 minutes and then off for 10 minutes. Repeat this process. If the person has problems with blood circulation, decrease the time that the ice is on the area to prevent possible skin damage.

• #88 Scorpion Sting: Treatment and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/scorpion-sting

  Older adults and children are the most likely to die from an untreated venomous scorpion bite. […] Death is typically caused by heart or respiratory failure some hours after they have been stung. […] Another possible complication of a scorpion sting, although it is very rare, is anaphylaxis. […] The majority of scorpion stings, while extremely painful, are nonvenomous and therefore harmless. […] If you’ve received a sting from a venomous scorpion and you live in an area that has access to good medical care, you’ll usually recover quickly and without complications. […] Older adults and children have an increased risk of adverse reactions to scorpion stings. […] In extremely rare cases, and usually in people who’ve experienced a previous scorpion sting, subsequent stings can lead to anaphylaxis. […] Even in these cases, in areas with good medical care, if the anaphylaxis is treated promptly, you can expect to make a full recovery.

• #89 Scorpion Sting: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17860-scorpion-stings

  Scorpion stings are painful but mostly harmless. You usually wont need medical treatment for a sting. You can typically treat a sting at home with ice, elevation, pain medication and antihistamines. […] Treatment for scorpion stings depends on the type of scorpion involved and the amount of venom injected. Most people dont need to see a healthcare provider for a scorpion sting. However, you can call the poison control center for guidance. What you can do for scorpion sting treatment at home includes: Clean the site of the sting with soap and water. Apply ice or a cold compress to the area. Elevate the area so its at the same level as your heart. Use an antihistamine or corticosteroid on the affected area. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever such as acetaminophen to reduce the pain. […] If youre not sure what kind of scorpion stung you or you develop symptoms of an allergic reaction, seek immediate medical attention. These symptoms may include difficulty breathing, extreme swelling, vomiting and shock. Use an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) if necessary, and call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

• #90 Insects and Scorpions at Work | Outdoor | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/outdoor-workers/about/insects-and-scorpions.html

  A sting or bite from insects or scorpions can cause mild discomfort or pain. Workers allergic to the insects venom could die from anaphylactic shock. Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction and requires immediate emergency care. […] It is important for employers to train their workers about: […] What they should do if they are stung or bitten. […] Workers with a history of severe allergic reactions to insect bites or stings should carry an EpiPen and wear a medical identification bracelet or necklace. […] If a worker is stung by a scorpion: […] Contact a qualified health care provider or poison control center. […] Apply ice, but do not submerge the affected area in ice water. […] Remain relaxed and calm. […] Do not take any sedatives. […] Capture the scorpion for identification if it is safe to do so.

• #91 What Should I Do If I Get Stung by a Scorpion? Fatal Symptoms

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_should_i_do_if_i_get_stung_by_a_scorpion/article.htm

  Most healthy adults dont need treatment for a scorpion sting except for pain relief. […] It is essential to seek prompt medical care in the case of a scorpion sting. Though scorpion stings are painful but rarely fatal, young children and older adults are at risk of serious complications. Healthy adults usually don’t need treatment for stings except for pain relief. Most scorpion stings don’t need medical treatment and can be managed at home. […] However, if symptoms are severe, you may need hospital care, such as: […] Scorpion stings are painful and usually accompanied by swelling, tingling or numbness. These symptoms can be managed at home. However, there are a few common symptoms that are considered severe and may require medical attention, including: […] For most people, although a scorpions sting rarely kills, it can cause a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis, which is life-threatening and may lead to death. Symptoms of this condition are similar to those of a bee sting, which include: […] If you or your loved one begins to experience such symptoms after a sting, call an ambulance or head to the hospital immediately.

• #92 What You Need to Know About Scorpion Stings  | The University of Arizona Health Sciences

  https://healthsciences.arizona.edu/news/blog/what-you-need-know-about-scorpion-stings

  Anybody with these severe symptoms from a scorpion sting needs to seek medical attention. […] If you are stung by a scorpion, call the Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222). They are highly skilled at talking you through next steps depending on your symptoms. […] If youre having mild pain from a scorpion sting, you can put ice on it and take over-the-counter medicine, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. […] Do not treat a scorpion sting as an allergic reaction. Never take diphenhydramine (Benadryl), other antihistamines or use epinephrine (EpiPen), all of which can worsen some of the symptoms of scorpion envenomation, such as increased heart rate and high blood pressure. Scorpion envenomation is not an allergic reaction. […] Yes, we have antivenom in Arizona, and it is very effective. Its made with the venom of similar Mexican scorpion species.

• #93 Scorpion Toxicity – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430928/

  Scorpions may use their long, flexible tails to sting potential predators. […] This activity describes the presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of scorpion stings and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in improving care for affected patients. […] When a victim of a scorpion sting presents to the emergency department, there are a few things to keep in mind to guide care for the patient safely. […] In most cases, the sting of a scorpion causes pain but is relatively harmless to a healthy adult. […] Supportive care usually prevents mortality. […] Patients should remain under observation for at least 4 hours, but the onset of life-threatening symptoms occurs much quicker in children, with an average of 14 minutes. […] Immediate intervention is critical. […] Antivenom is reserved for patients showing skeletal muscle or cranial nerve dysfunction who are stung by either Centruroides or Parabuthus. […] Scorpion stings are best managed through an interprofessional approach that includes first responders, ER providers, and a poison control center. […] In these patients, securing the airway is critical if they are unresponsive to antivenom and other medical interventions, as mentioned above.

• #94 Scorpion Envenomation Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168230-treatment

  Supportive care in all cases and antivenom in severe cases are used for the treatment of scorpion envenomation. […] Because the clinical manifestations and severity of the symptoms vary among patients, individualize management of scorpion stings. Furthermore, frequent patient monitoring allows earlier recognition of the life-threatening problems of scorpion envenomation. Treatment generally consists of moving the patient away from the scorpion and stabilizing the patient’s airway and vital signs, followed by administration of antivenin and institution of symptomatic and local treatment. […] Use ice bags to reduce pain and to slow the absorption of venom via vasoconstriction. This is most effective during the first 2 hours following the sting. […] Calm the patient to lower the heart rate and blood pressure, thus limiting the spread of the venom.

• #95

  https://www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-environmental/scorpion-stings

  Centruroides exilicauda stings are associated with major neurologic toxicity, especially in young children. Supportive care is the key component of management. Antivenom therapy with equine derived Fab fragments reduces the duration of symptoms. […] Most victims of Centruroides excilicauda scorpion bites can be managed with supportive care only, such as local wound care, tetanus prophylaxis, opioids for muscle pain, and benzodiazepines for neuromuscular symptoms. Airway support is important and patients may require ventilation due to hypersalivation and autonomic dysfunction. […] Antivenom (Anascorp, US; Alacramyn, Mexico) should only be considered when there is severe somatic or cranial nerve dysfunction not controlled by supportive measures. It is widely available in Mexico and Anascorp is approved for use in the United States. Antivenom is given intravenously in a dose of three vials dissolved in 20 to 50 mL of normal saline infused over 30 minutes.

• #96 Scorpion Toxicity – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430928/

  Scorpions may use their long, flexible tails to sting potential predators. […] This activity describes the presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of scorpion stings and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in improving care for affected patients. […] When a victim of a scorpion sting presents to the emergency department, there are a few things to keep in mind to guide care for the patient safely. […] In most cases, the sting of a scorpion causes pain but is relatively harmless to a healthy adult. […] Supportive care usually prevents mortality. […] Patients should remain under observation for at least 4 hours, but the onset of life-threatening symptoms occurs much quicker in children, with an average of 14 minutes. […] Immediate intervention is critical. […] Antivenom is reserved for patients showing skeletal muscle or cranial nerve dysfunction who are stung by either Centruroides or Parabuthus. […] Scorpion stings are best managed through an interprofessional approach that includes first responders, ER providers, and a poison control center. […] In these patients, securing the airway is critical if they are unresponsive to antivenom and other medical interventions, as mentioned above.

• #97 What You Need to Know About Scorpion Stings  | The University of Arizona Health Sciences

  https://healthsciences.arizona.edu/news/blog/what-you-need-know-about-scorpion-stings

  Anybody with these severe symptoms from a scorpion sting needs to seek medical attention. […] If you are stung by a scorpion, call the Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222). They are highly skilled at talking you through next steps depending on your symptoms. […] If youre having mild pain from a scorpion sting, you can put ice on it and take over-the-counter medicine, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. […] Do not treat a scorpion sting as an allergic reaction. Never take diphenhydramine (Benadryl), other antihistamines or use epinephrine (EpiPen), all of which can worsen some of the symptoms of scorpion envenomation, such as increased heart rate and high blood pressure. Scorpion envenomation is not an allergic reaction. […] Yes, we have antivenom in Arizona, and it is very effective. Its made with the venom of similar Mexican scorpion species.

• #98 Scorpion Sting Management at Tertiary and Secondary Care Emergency Departments

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6330186/

  We sought to review the management of scorpion stings in tertiary and secondary care emergency departments in Oman and determine physicians knowledge of management protocols. […] Most scorpion sting cases managed in SQUH had local symptoms. Tachycardia was the most common systemic manifestation. Bedside clotting test was not commonly ordered and mainly requested by junior doctors. Local anesthesia infiltration is the recommended management for scorpion sting. Analgesia was the main management followed by local anesthesia. […] Most physicians (98.8%, n = 79) treated patients with local symptoms (local pain and swelling). Only 13.8% (n = 11) treated patients with systemic symptoms. Analgesia were the main management prescribed (88.9%); 33.8% (n = 27) used intravenous analgesia, 21.3% (n = 17) used intramuscular analgesia, and 33.8% (n = 27) used oral analgesia. The other common modality of treatment was local anesthesia (81.3%, n = 65).

• #99 What You Need to Know About Scorpion Stings  | The University of Arizona Health Sciences

  https://healthsciences.arizona.edu/news/blog/what-you-need-know-about-scorpion-stings

  If someone with severe scorpion envenomation visits an emergency department in Arizona, they are candidates for receiving the antivenom. […] Antivenom works by binding to the venom in the blood and deactivating it it essentially works like antibodies against scorpion venom. The venom is neutralized and symptoms resolve very quickly after antivenom administration. […] I have to say yes because it is possible and people have died from scorpion stings, but it is extremely rare and unlikely. In almost all cases and with medical attention for severe envenomation, scorpion stings are not life threatening.

• #100 Scorpion Sting Management at Tertiary and Secondary Care Emergency Departments

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6330186/

  We sought to review the management of scorpion stings in tertiary and secondary care emergency departments in Oman and determine physicians knowledge of management protocols. […] Most scorpion sting cases managed in SQUH had local symptoms. Tachycardia was the most common systemic manifestation. Bedside clotting test was not commonly ordered and mainly requested by junior doctors. Local anesthesia infiltration is the recommended management for scorpion sting. Analgesia was the main management followed by local anesthesia. […] Most physicians (98.8%, n = 79) treated patients with local symptoms (local pain and swelling). Only 13.8% (n = 11) treated patients with systemic symptoms. Analgesia were the main management prescribed (88.9%); 33.8% (n = 27) used intravenous analgesia, 21.3% (n = 17) used intramuscular analgesia, and 33.8% (n = 27) used oral analgesia. The other common modality of treatment was local anesthesia (81.3%, n = 65).

• #101 Scorpion Sting Management at Tertiary and Secondary Care Emergency Departments

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6330186/

  Our study found that over half (54.7%) of patients stung by scorpions received local anesthesia in the ED, 27.3% received tetanus toxoid, and only 2.3% received intravenous analgesia. […] Most scorpion sting cases managed in our hospital had local symptoms. Tachycardia was the most common systemic manifestation seen. Local anesthesia infiltration is the recommended management for scorpion sting.

• #102 WHO EMRO | Scorpion sting syndrome: epidemiology, clinical presentation and management of 2240 cases | Volume 3, issue 1 | EMHJ volume 3, 1997

  https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-3-1997/volume-3-issue-1/article10.html

  All cases of scorpion stings (2240) that attended all primary health care centres and hospitals in Hail region, Saudi Arabia, from 1 June 1994 to 31 August 1995 were recorded and analysed. […] Guidelines for the management of scorpion stings are suggested and the importance of local treatment of stings affecting infants and preschool children is emphasized. […] Treatment of scorpion stings was conducted according to a protocol, with directions for lines of treatment, set by the Ministry of Health. […] In addition, local treatment is particularly important for infants and preschool children. […] Finally, the use of antivenom should be restricted to those with systemic manifestations as it is better kept for such cases.

• #103

  https://journals.lww.com/jpcr/fulltext/2016/03020/scorpion_sting.4.aspx

  Scorpion sting is a life threatening medical emergency. […] It is worthwhile to remember Dr. H.S. Bawaskar, a private practitioner from Maharashtra who for the first time in world has introduced the usefulness of alpha blocker in scorpion sting nearly 25 years ago and has helped to reduce the mortality. […] Currently recommended first aid includes R = Reassure the patient, I = Immobilization of the limb in the same way as a fractural limb, G. H. = Get to Hospital Immediately, and T = Tell the doctor all that happened from the time of scorpion sting. […] Traditional remedies have NO PROVEN benefit in treating scorpion sting. […] However, local application of ice bags (one of the traditional methods) to reduce the pain is acceptable for some time if not contraindicated. […] Admit all victims of scorpion sting keep the victims under observation for 24 to 48 hrs.

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