Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Muscle cramp – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscle-cramp/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350825

  Self-care measures usually can treat muscle cramps. A health care provider can show you stretching exercises that can reduce the chances of getting muscle cramps. Drinking plenty of fluids can also help prevent muscle cramps. […] If you keep getting cramps that wake you from sleep, a care provider might prescribe medicine to relax muscles or help you sleep. […] For a calf cramp, keep the leg straight while pulling the top of your foot on the side that’s cramped toward your face. Also try standing with your weight on your cramped leg and pressing down firmly. This helps ease a cramp in the back of the thigh too. […] For a front thigh cramp, try pulling the foot on that leg up toward your buttock. Hold on to a chair to steady yourself. […] Use a warm towel or heating pad on tense or tight muscles. Taking a warm bath or directing the stream of a hot shower onto the cramped muscle also can help. Rubbing the sore muscle with ice also might relieve pain.

• #1 Muscle cramps – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/569

  Muscle cramps are mostly benign and self-limited, but may also be indicative of a wide variety of potentially serious systemic disorders. […] Nonpharmacologic therapy forms the cornerstone of management of muscle cramps in the acute phase. Passive and/or active stretching of the affected muscle(s) is by far the most effective and safest therapy for most acute idiopathic muscle cramps. […] With the exception of drug therapies targeted at underlying/precipitating conditions, there are no proven, specific, effective, and safe drug therapies for muscle cramps. Quinine is used in some countries for the prevention of idiopathic cramps, but is associated with serious side effects (e.g., cardiac arrhythmias, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, blindness). Therapeutic trialing of various medications used for symptomatic benefit is a reasonable approach.

• #1 Healthy Aging: Muscle Cramps & Spasms | MUSC Health | Charleston SC

  https://muschealth.org/medical-services/geriatrics-and-aging/healthy-aging/cramps-and-spasms

  The treatment for a cramp is what we in medicine term supportive. That means stopping what one is doing that could have precipitated the cramp. Walk around walk if off if possible. Next, is to massage the muscle areas attempting to relax the muscle. Drink fluids with some electrolytes like Gatorade. Take a warm shower or bath. Some recommend either heat or cold applied to the affected muscle. If the pain persists after the muscle has relaxed, over the counter analgesics (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen) may be used to combat the residual soreness. […] Proper stretching before and after exercise is key to preventing cramps related to exercise. Calf stretching is particularly important before or after exercise. The other important preventive measure is to hydrate before, during, and after the exercise. It is wise to use a diluted electrolyte solution like Gatorade in this prevention strategy. Always exercise in moderation and build up to increased amounts.

• #1 Leg Cramps at Night: Causes, Pain Relief & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14170-leg-cramps

  Leg cramps are painful, involuntary muscle contractions that can last seconds or minutes. When a leg cramp happens, try flexing the muscle, applying heat or ice and massaging the area. […] Muscle cramps in your legs can last from several seconds to several minutes. […] You want to get rid of a leg cramp the moment it strikes. However, there are eight steps to take to possibly get rid of a leg cramp: Stretch: Straighten your leg and then flex it, pulling your toes toward your shin to stretch the muscles. […] There arent any recommended medications that can prevent leg cramps 100% of the time. However, some prescription medications show a little evidence of preventing leg cramps. […] Ideas for prevention include several activities you may want to do every day: Exercise: Do leg exercises during the day, and mild, brief walking or biking right before bed. […] Leg cramps dont have a cure at this time. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to prevent and manage your leg cramps. […] See a healthcare provider if your leg cramps are unbearably painful, happen frequently or last for a long time.

• #1 9 Muscle Spasm Treatments to Try and Lots of Tips

  https://www.healthline.com/health/muscle-spasm-treatment

  Stretching can be particularly helpful at relieving a muscle spasm. Other home treatments like massage, using ice and heat, and staying hydrated may help, too. […] Specific home treatments are recommended to relieve a muscle spasm. These work for many people. But controlled studies have shown limited proof of the effectiveness of some of these remedies. […] Massage can be a great way to relieve physical pain and muscle cramps. […] Treating pain and spasms with hot or cold therapy can be extremely effective. […] For a persistent spasm, apply an ice pack on the muscle for 15 to 20 minutes at a time, a few times a day. […] A heating pad on the area may also be effective for 15 to 20 minutes at a time, but follow this with an ice pack. […] When you have a spasm, try drinking some water.

• #1 Muscle cramp – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscle-cramp/symptoms-causes/syc-20350820

  Muscle cramps aren’t usually harmful. Self-care measures can treat most muscle cramps. […] Muscle cramps usually go away on their own. They don’t usually need medical care. However, see a health care provider for cramps that: […] These steps might help prevent cramps: […] Drink plenty of liquids every day. Muscles need fluids to work well. During activity, drink liquids regularly. Keep drinking water or other liquids without caffeine or alcohol after the activity. […] Stretch your muscles. Stretch gently before and after using any muscle for a time. To avoid getting leg cramps at night, stretch before bedtime. Light exercise, such as riding a stationary bicycle for a few minutes before bedtime, also may help prevent cramps while you sleep.

• #1 Muscle Spasms | Charley Horse | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/musclecramps.html

  Muscle cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions or spasms in one or more of your muscles. They are very common and often occur after exercise. Some people get muscle cramps, especially leg cramps, at night. They can be painful, and they may last a few seconds to several minutes. […] You usually don’t need treatment for muscle cramps. You may be able to find some relief from cramps by: Stretching or gently massaging the muscle, Applying heat when the muscle is tight and ice when the muscle is sore, Getting more fluids if you are dehydrated. […] If another medical problem is causing the cramps, treating that problem will likely help. There are medicines that providers sometimes prescribe to prevent cramps, but they are not always effective and may cause side effects. Talk to your provider about the risks and benefits of medicines. […] To prevent muscle cramps, you can: Stretch your muscles, especially before exercising. If you often get leg cramps at night, stretch your leg muscles before bed. Drink plenty of liquids. If you do intense exercise or exercise in the heat, sports drinks can help you replace electrolytes.

• #1 Muscle Cramps Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/muscle-cramps/

  If your doctor prescribes medicines for muscle cramps, take them exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you have any problems with your medicine. […] Drink plenty of fluids. You can also drink an electrolyte replacement drink or sports drink, such as Gatorade, after exercise. […] Walk around, or jiggle your leg. […] Stretch your calf muscles. You can do a seated calf stretch using a towel or a standing calf stretch using a wall. […] These tips may help prevent muscle cramps: […] Drink plenty of water and other fluids. […] Limit or avoid drinks with alcohol. […] Make sure you are eating healthy foods (especially if you are pregnant) that are rich in calcium, potassium, and magnesium. […] Ride a bike or stationary bike to condition and stretch your muscles. […] Stretch your muscles every day, especially before and after exercise and at bedtime. […] Don’t suddenly increase the amount of exercise you get. Increase your exercise a little each week. […] If you are taking medicines that are known to cause leg cramps, your doctor may prescribe different medicines.

• #1 Muscle cramps – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/569

  Muscle cramps are mostly benign and self-limited, but may also be indicative of a wide variety of potentially serious systemic disorders. […] Non-pharmacological therapy forms the cornerstone of management of muscle cramps in the acute phase. Passive and/or active stretching of the affected muscle(s) is by far the most effective and safest therapy for most acute idiopathic muscle cramps. […] With the exception of drug therapies targeted at underlying/precipitating conditions, there are no proven, specific, effective, and safe drug therapies for muscle cramps. Quinine is used in some countries for the prevention of idiopathic cramps, but is associated with serious side effects (e.g., cardiac arrhythmias, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, blindness). Therapeutic trialling of various medications used for symptomatic benefit is a reasonable approach.

• #1 9 Muscle Spasm Treatments to Try and Lots of Tips

  https://www.healthline.com/health/muscle-spasm-treatment

  To help prevent spasms, make sure that you stay hydrated, especially if you’re exercising or if the weather is hot. […] Some people find that they can ward off leg cramps at night by doing a little light exercise before they go to sleep. […] There are several things you can take by mouth that may help with your muscle spasms: Over-the-counter (OTC) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) often bring relief by reducing inflammation and pain. […] Drinking a small amount of pickle juice reportedly relieves cramping muscles within 30 to 35 seconds. […] Over-the-counter pain relieving creams may help. […] If you have a persisting muscle spasm, especially if it’s severe, your doctor may prescribe a muscle relaxant or a pain medication. […] If your muscle spasms are frequent, or if the pain is interfering with your day-to-day life, it’s a good idea to see a doctor. […] Your doctor may refer you for physical therapy to help you strengthen a particular set of muscles, or to get flexibility and stretching exercises. […] Muscle spasms are usually short lived and benign. Self-treatment, particularly stretching, works for most people.

• #1 Muscle Cramps Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/muscle-cramps/

  If cramps keep coming back, bother you a lot, or interfere with your sleep, your doctor may prescribe medicine that relaxes your muscles. […] Talk with your doctor if you have muscle cramps that keep coming back or are severe. These may be symptoms of another problem, such as restless legs syndrome. […] You may need to try several different ways to stop a muscle cramp before you find what works best for you. Here are some things you can try: […] Stretch and massage the muscle. […] Take a warm shower or bath to relax the muscle. A heating pad placed on the muscle can also help. […] Try using an ice or cold pack. Always keep a cloth between your skin and the ice pack. […] Take an over-the-counter pain medicine, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), or naproxen (Aleve). Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label.

• #1 Muscle Spasms (Muscle Cramps): Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/muscle-spasms-muscle-cramps

  Muscle spasms (muscle cramps) are painful contractions and tightening of your muscles. Theyre common, involuntary and unpredictable. Although there are steps you can take to prevent a muscle spasm and treat it when it attacks, those methods arent always dependable. Muscle relaxants, stretching and massage are most likely to help. […] Theres no pill or injection that instantly relieves muscle spasms. But there are things you can do to try and stop muscle cramps fast: Stretch the affected area. Massage the affected area with your hands or a massage roller. Stand up and walk around. Apply heat or ice. Take over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen. […] If you have severe or frequent muscle spasms, a healthcare provider may prescribe muscle relaxers to help ease your symptoms. Muscle relaxers can cause drowsiness, dizziness and nausea. Because of these side effects, this medication may not be a long-term solution. Talk to your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of muscle relaxers.

• #1 Muscle Cramps

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2019-aug-july/muscle-cramps

  Although medications such as baclofen, tizanidine, and clonazepam used for treating spasticity and stiff-person syndrome can be helpful in managing neurogenic muscle cramps (likely due to the central contributions to cramp propagation), there is limited evidence for use in muscle cramps not associated with spasticity. […] There is class II level evidence that intramuscular lidocaine is effective, but use is often limited by the multifocal nature of muscle cramps. […] Cramps are an under-recognized treatable painful symptom that affects a large number of people across normal physiologic and neuromuscular, neurologic, and medical disease states. Clinical judgement should be used to fully evaluate possible treatable causes. A rational treatment plan includes pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic options. Additional research into a reliable and validated outcome measure and new treatments for muscle cramps are areas of unmet need.

• #1 Muscle Cramps

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2019-aug-july/muscle-cramps

  Infrequent cramps that do not interfere in someones life rarely need investigation or treatment. There is no evidence that recurrent muscle cramps lead to significant long-lasting damage to muscles, and serious harm from muscle cramps (eg, tendon ruptures) is rare. If treatment is needed, the avoidance of the offending agent or appropriate electrolyte and vitamin replacement to treat the root cause are warranted. There is level B evidence that vitamin B-complex supplementation can reduce cramp frequency in people who experience at least 6 cramps per week. […] In individuals with prominent dehydration (eg, athletes, malnourished individuals, or members of vulnerable populations), care must be taken to ensure adequate electrolyte-rich solutions, particularly high-salt formulations. In pregnant women, there is ample evidence that magnesium replacement is helpful in managing muscle cramps.

• #1 AAN Recommendations on Symptomatic Treatment for Muscle Cramps | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/0901/p540.html

  Class 2 studies have shown that the calcium channel blocker diltiazem (Cardizem) and vitamin B complex may be effective for the treatment of muscle cramps. Although no serious adverse effects were reported, minor adverse effects included lightheadedness, nausea, and abdominal discomfort in participants taking vitamin B complex. Magnesium citrate and magnesium sulfate did not notably improve the number of cramps, and were associated with abdominal discomfort and diarrhea. […] Several other medications have been used in clinical practice to manage muscle cramps, including the anticonvulsants gabapentin (Neurontin), carbamazepine (Tegretol), and oxcarbazepine (Trileptal). Patients also may try various over-the-counter and nonpharmacologic therapies (e.g., hydration, stretching exercises) before prescription treatment. However, there is little evidence to support the use of any of these therapies.

• #1 Muscle cramp – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscle-cramp/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350825

  Taking vitamin B complex and other vitamins might help manage leg cramps. Talk to your health care provider about what to take. […] See a health care provider if you have muscle cramps often that are severe and not getting better with self-care. […] For muscle cramps, questions to ask your provider might include: What’s likely causing my cramps? […] What can I do about the cramping? […] Your provider is likely to ask you questions, including: How often do you get cramps and how bad are they? […] Does stretching help your cramps?

• #1 AAN Recommendations on Symptomatic Treatment for Muscle Cramps | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/0901/p540.html

  Muscle cramps occur when the motor system is stressed by neuromuscular disease, a medical condition, or a physiologic process, such as dehydration or excessive exercise. Cramps are also common during the last trimester of pregnancy. Some patients have frequent, severe muscle cramps that can be disabling. […] Quinine sulfate and its derivatives have been the mainstay of therapy for idiopathic muscle cramps. However, they are associated with adverse effects ranging from bitter taste and cinchonism (headache and tinnitus) to hematologic abnormalities such as hemolytic uremic syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and bleeding diathesis. In 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration warned against the off-label use of quinine sulfate and its derivatives for this indication, leaving physicians with a difficult choice in selecting a treatment regimen for patients with muscle cramps. The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) recommends that quinine derivatives, although likely effective, not be used routinely in these patients. These agents should be considered only when cramps are disabling and after other pharmacologic therapies have been attempted. Patients must be informed of the potential for serious adverse effects, and should be monitored carefully.

• #1 Muscle Cramp Causes, Treatments and Prevention | BenchMark Physical Therapy

  https://www.benchmarkpt.com/blog/muscle-cramp-causes-treatments-and-prevention/

  Muscle cramps are usually temporary and do not require medical attention. There are simple things you can do on your own to prevent and treat muscle cramps. […] When you experience a muscle cramp, immediately stop the activity causing them. If they continue, try these at-home treatments. […] Massage is another effective way to relax contracted muscles. It increases blood flow circulation to the affected tissue, encouraging relaxation of the tense muscle and relief from soreness. […] Physical therapy helps treat muscle cramps when self-treatment isn’t effective. Your therapist has a wealth of knowledge and techniques to prevent and treat muscle contractions. […] Manual therapy and joint therapy, soft tissue mobilization, neural mobilization, and a gradual progression of targeted stretches and exercises make a significant difference for patients experiencing severe or frequent muscle cramping. […] Speak with your doctor and your physical therapist for the approach to prevent and stop involuntary muscle cramps.

• #1 6 Treatments for Muscle Spasms – Kinetic Physical Therapy

  https://www.kineticptmd.com/6-treatments-for-muscle-spasms/

  Physical therapy plays a vital role in the treatment of muscle spasms. A skilled physical therapist at Kinetic Physical Therapy will assess your condition and develop a personalized plan to target the underlying causes of your muscle spasms. […] We use various techniques, such as joint mobilization, stretching exercises, and strengthening exercises, to ease muscle spasms. Our methods aim to improve flexibility, promote proper alignment, and restore muscle balance. […] Regular exercise is essential for maintaining overall muscle health and preventing spasms. Low-impact exercises like swimming, walking, or cycling can enhance blood circulation. […] Dehydration can be a significant contributing factor to muscle spasms. Adequate hydration is crucial for maintaining the balance of electrolytes and minerals in your body, which supports proper muscle function.

• #1

  https://www.hingehealth.com/resources/articles/calf-muscle-cramps/

  Use it to massage and calm down the muscle and ease the contraction. […] Your leg cramps should resolve in several minutes, but to prevent them from recurring, Dr. Babaria recommends that you stretch your calves daily. […] A 2012 study published in the Journal of Physiotherapy found that adults over age 55 who did nightly stretches for six weeks reported significant decreases, not just in nighttime leg cramps but in their severity. […] Hinge Health physical therapists suggest these exercises to help with leg cramps. A combo of moves that stretch and strengthen not just your calf muscles, but also your hips and glutes, can go a long way toward improving your symptoms. […] If you sleep on your side or back, keep your legs in a relaxed position, so they dont get the chance to tighten up and cramp, advises Dr. Babaria. One way to do this is to sleep with your toes pointed upward, or hang your feet over the bed, she says.

• #1 Physical therapy in Baton Rouge for Muscle Cramps

  https://www.peakphysicaltherapy.com/Injuries-Conditions/Muscle-Injury/Muscle-Injury-Issues/Muscle-Cramps/a~8851/article.html

  It’s also important to stretch correctly. It is best to stretch after a muscle is already warmed up. Don’t stretch quickly. Stretch slowly and hold each stretch for 30 seconds. Any shorter than 30 seconds and there’s no benefit. Some experts suggest that athletes continue to stretch daily. This may keep the muscles flexible. Also remember to stretch after the activity to allow the muscles to cool down. […] Other important tips include staying hydrated; drink enough fluids to keep your body’s electrolytes from depleting – but don’t overdo the fluids either. Finally, don’t overdo the exercising, especially in hot weather.

• #1 An Evidence-Based Review of the Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8775277/

  Incorporate neuromuscular reeducation, plyometrics, or strength training into training sessions when neuromuscular fatigue has been identified as a factor in an athlete’s EAMC. […] Educate athletes about the various causes of EAMCs and safe hydration and drinking behaviors before beginning an EAMC prevention strategy. […] Advise athletes to consume carbohydrates or a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink during exercise to help stave off fatigue and promote greater absorption and retention of ingested fluids. […] Identify athletes’ fluid and electrolyte needs based on sweat rates and composition to avoid underhydration or overhydration or insufficient or excessive electrolyte supplementation if fluid and electrolyte monitoring is included in an EAMC prevention strategy. […] Intravenous fluids should not be administered before events for the sole purpose of preventing EAMCs.

• #1 Muscle Spasms (Muscle Cramps): Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/muscle-spasms-muscle-cramps

  Muscle spasms can strike at any time. Because theyre so unpredictable, they can be difficult to prevent. There are risk factors you cant avoid, like your age. But there are also things you can do to reduce your risk: Perform flexibility exercises regularly. Work toward better overall fitness. Stretch your muscles regularly. Do this especially for those most prone to muscle spasms. Drink lots of water. Avoid exercising in extreme heat. Wear shoes that fit you properly. Stay at a weight thats healthy for you. Avoid medications that may cause muscle spasms as a side effect. […] You dont have to just live with muscle spasms. They may be unpredictable, but there are a few steps you can take to soothe them or even prevent them in some cases. If muscle cramps keep you from sleeping well or doing the things you love, like playing sports, talk to your healthcare provider. They can find out why youre having muscle cramps and determine whether you have an underlying condition that needs treatment.

• #1 Muscle Cramps – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/muscle-cramps

  Always warm up before stretching. Good examples of warm-up activities are slowly running in place or walking briskly for a few minutes. […] See your doctor if your cramps: Are severe, Happen frequently, Respond poorly to the simple treatments mentioned above, Are not related to obvious causes like strenuous exercise or dehydration.

• #1 Muscle Cramp: Types, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/muscle_cramps/article.htm

  Dehydration increases the likelihood of true cramps. […] Gently massaging the muscle will often help it to relax, as will applying warmth from a heating pad or hot soak. […] Muscle relaxant medications may be used over the short term in certain situations to relax muscle cramps due to an injury or other temporary event. […] The treatment of cramps that are associated with specific medical conditions generally focuses on treating the underlying condition. […] Authorities recommend stretching before and after exercise or sports, along with an adequate warm-up and cooldown, to prevent cramps that are caused by vigorous physical activity. […] Supplemental calcium and magnesium have each been shown to help prevent cramps associated with pregnancy. […] Nocturnal cramps and other rest cramps can often be prevented by regular stretching exercises, particularly if done before going to bed. […] The only medication that has been widely used to prevent, and sometimes also to treat, cramps is quinine.

• #1 Take that, muscle cramps! – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/take-that-muscle-cramps

  For back cramps, Kale recommends the „child’s pose” yoga posture. […] For hamstring cramps (in the back of the thigh), sit on the floor with your legs extended in front of you. Slide your hands down your legs until you feel a burning sensation in the cramped muscle. Hold for 30 seconds, then slowly return to a sitting position. […] After you’ve stretched the muscle, Kale recommends putting a heating pad on the area to promote blood flow. Then gently massage the muscle. […] Kale suggests staying hydrated throughout the day, eating foods rich in magnesium (especially leafy greens) and potassium (bananas, black beans), wearing warm socks at night if you have leg cramps, and keeping your muscles strong and flexible with regular exercises. […] „Cramps are extremely painful, but they’re not a sign of serious illness,” says Kale. „Stretch the muscle and resume your activity once the cramp goes away.”

• #1 Healthy Aging: Muscle Cramps & Spasms | MUSC Health | Charleston SC

  https://muschealth.org/medical-services/geriatrics-and-aging/healthy-aging/cramps-and-spasms

  As for nighttime cramps, the best prevention is to stay well hydrated, avoid alcohol or caffeine before bedtime, eat a balanced diet that has the recommended dietary requirements for vitamins and minerals. Foods rich in calcium, potassium, and magnesium are essential. Gently stretch muscles that have caused cramps before going to bed. Avoid assuming positions of the body that seem to cause cramping at night or during the day. Do not smoke.

• #1 Muscle cramp | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/muscle-cramp

  A muscle cramp is an uncontrollable and painful spasm of a muscle. […] You can help reduce the duration and severity of cramp by gently stretching the muscle and massaging the area. […] See your doctor if you experience regular muscle cramping or if cramps last longer than a few minutes. […] Treatment options include: Stretch and massage lengthen the cramping muscle using a gentle, sustained stretch then lightly massage the area until the cramp subsides. […] In cases of severe cramp, an ice pack applied for a few minutes may help the muscle to relax. […] Some medications can be helpful to control muscle cramps. […] See your doctor if you experience regular muscle cramping or if cramps last longer than a few minutes. You may have an undiagnosed medical condition that requires treatment.

• #1 7 Remedies for Muscle Cramps: What to Do and When to See a Doctor

  https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/remedies-for-muscle-cramps

  If your cramp doesn’t get better with self-care or you get frequent muscle cramps, your doctor could prescribe a muscle relaxer. […] Muscle cramps usually only last a short time. But you may want to speak with your doctor if: […] A few simple changes can you help you try to stop a muscle cramp before it starts: […] Muscle cramps can be painful, but they’re usually short-lived and not a cause for concern. Self-care like stretching, heat, and massage can help with discomfort in the moment, while stretching and drinking enough water may prevent cramps from happening. If your pain is intense or your muscle cramps keep coming back, talk to your doctor.

• #1 How to prevent and treat muscle cramps | Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/our-stories/how-to-prevent-and-treat-muscle-cramps

  Muscle cramps come in many forms and can be a result of various factors. Muscle cramps are involuntary contractions of skeleton muscle, and though theyre generally harmless, theyre usually self-limited, meaning theyre potentially preventable. […] While theres no cure for muscle cramps, many preventative measures can be helpful. Increasing hydration and stretching, as well as rest, are all forms of prevention and treatment. Supplementation, including with potassium, magnesium and calcium, as well as medications, including anti-hypertensives, appear to have some success. […] Massage techniques and forms of taping are also being utilized to treat cramps, but neither have consistent results. Overall, most reported success is observational or anecdotal. Theoretical evidence exists for increased hydration and performing exercise such as endurance training to prevent cramps. […] If muscle cramping persists or is accompanied by other symptoms such as weakness, swelling in your extremities, skin changes, including redness, or are very painful, you should mention this to your doctor or get evaluated for other underlying causes.

• #1 An Evidence-Based Review of the Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8775277/

  Food items containing acetic acid (ie, vinegar) or transient receptor potential activators (eg, capsaicin) may help relieve acute EAMCs. […] The EAMC treatments should continue in the hours after an initial episode to reduce risk of recurrence. […] No medications should be administered for EAMCs without a physician’s consent or in a physician’s absence. […] Quinine or products containing quinine (eg, tonic water) should not be administered for EAMC treatment. […] Thoroughly evaluate athletes for underlying general medical conditions, allergies, or medication usage that may contribute to EAMC occurrence. […] Thoroughly question athletes with an EAMC history to identify their unique extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors and then target those risk factors with appropriate interventions.

• #1 Muscle Cramps – Coping Strategies – The Life Raft Group

  https://liferaftgroup.org/2013/08/muscle-cramps-coping-strategies/

  Muscle cramps can occur during cancer treatment, and it is a common side effect patients in our Patient Registry experience. […] The Life Raft Group encourages patients to talk to their doctor about monitoring calcium and magnesium levels and to ask whether they should incorporate calcium and magnesium supplements into their treatment plan. […] Checking these levels can be done by a blood test. […] If you are unsure of your vitamin levels, a good starting point is to discuss doing a complete blood workup to determine a baseline and to check for any deficiencies. […] Here are some tips for easing muscle cramps: Increase your fluid intake. Dehydration can cause muscle pain, so make sure to drink a lot of fluids. […] Drink electrolyte replacement beverages (including Gatorade, Powerade and other electrolyte replenishing drinks)

• #1 Muscle Cramps Treatment, Causes, Symptoms, Prevention

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/muscle_cramps/article_em.htm

  Which Types of Medicine Treat Muscle Cramps and Pain? Muscle relaxants such as cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), orphenadrine (Norflex), and baclofen (Lioresal) can be helpful to relax cramping muscles. Some people benefit by drinking simple quinine-containing water (tonic water) before bedtime. In recent years, injections of therapeutic doses of botulism toxin (Botox) have been used successfully for some spastic muscle disorders that are localized to a limited group of muscles. A good response may last several months or more, and the injection may then be repeated. Persisting muscle cramps can require blood testing and an evaluation by a neurologist. Return to your health care professional if your muscle cramps recur. Your follow-up with your health care professional can be important to detect associated activities or diseases that should be addressed to stop your muscle cramping.

• #1 Physical therapy in Baton Rouge for Muscle Cramps

  https://www.peakphysicaltherapy.com/Injuries-Conditions/Muscle-Injury/Muscle-Injury-Issues/Muscle-Cramps/a~8851/article.html

  Some muscle cramps can be caused as a side effect of certain medications. Talk to your doctor. Adjusting the dosages or changing the medication may help the cramping problem. Don’t change any of your prescription drugs or stop taking them without your doctor’s knowledge and approval. […] If the cramps are caused by an illness, they should subside by treating the illness. Medications are generally not recommended or used for muscle cramps because of their side effects. Most muscle cramps are short-lived. By the time the medication has started working the cramping has already stopped. There are some cases where doctors may use Botox to stop cramping in certain muscles. This is decided on an individual basis and depends on the cause and the impact of the cramping. […] Because muscle cramps come on so quickly and suddenly, usually resolving just as fast as they came, the best treatment is prevention. Anyone who is about to do something strenuous or athletic should warm up and stretch their muscles first. If you’re moving furniture, digging up a garden, painting, or doing general maintenance that you’re not used to, the muscles you will be using can get fatigued. By warming up and stretching them, this should be prevented.

• #1 An Evidence-Based Review of the Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8775277/

  Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) are common and frustrating for athletes and the physically active. We critically appraised the EAMC literature to provide evidence-based treatment and prevention recommendations. […] The treatment of acute EAMCs continues to include self-applied or clinician-guided gentle static stretching until symptoms abate. Once the painful EAMCs are alleviated, the clinician can continue treatment on the sidelines by focusing on patient-specific risk factors that may have contributed to the onset of EAMCs. […] For EAMC prevention, clinicians should obtain a thorough medical history and then identify any unique risk factors. Individualizing EAMC prevention strategies will likely be more effective than generalized advice (eg, drink more fluids). […] Athletes or clinicians should apply gentle static stretching to the EAMC until it abates.

• #1 Treating and Preventing Muscle Cramps

  https://www.sportsmd.com/treating-preventing-muscle-cramps-exercise/

  Exercise-induced muscle cramps are painful, debilitating, and can take an athlete out of the competition. […] The effective treatment of muscle cramps is dependent on the cause. For athletes suffering from overuse or fatigue muscle cramps, the most effective treatments are passive stretching, massage, icing of the affected muscles, and contraction of the muscle on the opposite side of the muscle cramping (i.e., if the hamstring is cramping, contract the quadriceps muscle group to relax the hamstring muscle group). […] For athletes suffering from muscle cramps prompted by excessive sweating and a sodium deficit, the same treatments as above can be immediately applied to reduce the pain and muscle spasm. However, along with the stretching, massage, and applied ice, these athletes need to consume fluids with additional sodium. […] According to Bergerons (2008) research, immediate consumption of a .5L carbohydrate-electrolyte drink with 3.0g of salt added and thoroughly mixed consumed all at once or over 5 10 minutes has proven successful at relieving muscle cramps and preventing future severe cramping.

• #1 Leg Cramp Causes and Remedies

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/pain-management/what-causes-leg-cramps/

  The causes of leg cramps are often overworking or straining your muscles during exercise, a lack of blood flow to the muscle, an electrolyte imbalance, or simply holding a position for long periods of time. […] Understanding whats behind these painful cramps can help you work with your doctor to prevent them or manage them when they happen. […] Staying hydrated by drinking extra water and stretching your calf muscles before bed might help prevent leg cramps during pregnancy. […] To avoid cramps during and after exercise, try these practices: Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water and sports drinks containing electrolytes before and after your workouts. […] To prevent cramps while you sleep, gently stretch your legs before you go to bed. […] While no vitamin or mineral supplement has been proven to prevent or relieve leg cramps, a few might be worth trying to see if they help you.

• #1 Conquering Nocturnal Leg Cramps: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.samitivejhospitals.com/article/detail/nocturnal-leg-cramps-treating-preventions

  Those suffering with nocturnal leg cramps should try to stretch and massage the affected muscle softly. A cold compression massage has also been found to be effective. Should the pain associated with cramping continue, pain relief medication may be taken, and pain relief cream applied to the affected area to alleviate the discomfort. […] Doctors will consider pain relief drugs to treat nocturnal leg cramps, including oral muscle relaxants and paracetamol or ibuprofen-based drugs. They may also look to magnesium supplements for adults and pregnant women as there is evidence to suggest this substance can be beneficial to the health of these groups. However, quinine is not recommended as a suitable form of treatment for nocturnal leg cramps as its drawbacks outweigh its potential benefits. […] Treating nocturnal leg cramps and relieving the associated pain includes resting the affected muscle immediately, attempting to stretch the affected muscle slowly and gently, gently massaging the affected muscle, using a cold compress to relieve the pain, and taking pain relief drugs such as paracetamol and muscle relaxants if the pain continues despite the cramp subsiding. […] Prevention and care to reduce nocturnal leg cramp occurrence includes trying to stretch frequently, staying hydrated throughout the day, performing regular calf raises to ensure effective circulation, and ensuring a diet plentiful in calcium, potassium, and magnesium for pregnant women.

• #1 Nocturnal Leg Cramps | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0815/p350.html

  Up to 60 percent of adults report that they have had nocturnal leg cramps. […] Limited evidence supports treating nocturnal leg cramps with exercise and stretching, or with medications such as magnesium, calcium channel blockers, carisoprodol, or vitamin B12. […] Passive stretching and deep tissue massage may be suggested as a therapeutic trial for nocturnal leg cramps. […] Quinine should not be used to treat nocturnal leg cramps. […] Carisoprodol (Soma), diltiazem, gabapentin (Neurontin), magnesium, orphenadrine (Norflex), verapamil, and vitamin B12 complex may be useful in some patients with nocturnal leg cramps. […] No current treatments for leg cramps have been proven both safe and effective. […] One randomized study of patients discontinuing quinine showed no effect from stretching; however, gastrocnemius stretching has long been recommended to prevent leg cramps.

• #1 Management of Nocturnally Occurring Benign Idiopathic Leg Cramps

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-nocturnally-occurring-benign-idiopathic-leg-cramps

  Waking up abruptly from sleep due to an acutely painful leg cramp can be a jolting experience. […] The focus of this column is benign idiopathic leg cramps, although they can be associated with other underlying conditions. […] Nonpharmacologic therapy forms the cornerstone of management of muscle cramps in the acute phase. Passive and/or active stretching of the affected muscle(s) is by far the most effective and safest therapy for most acute idiopathic muscle cramps. […] Data are extremely sparse regarding ongoing prevention of muscle cramps. […] Pharmacists should be aware that most drugs prescribed to prevent cramps (e.g., magnesium, calcium supplements, quinine, benzodiazepines) are not recommended due to lack of demonstrated efficacy. […] Specific exercises improve muscle and tendon flexibility and can reduce muscle, nerve, or central nervous system neuronal activity in the stretched muscles. As an effective preventive measure, stretching is recommended for several minutes before sleep; as a treatment strategy, stretching immediately following the occurrence of a cramp commonly provides relief.

• #1 Management of Nocturnally Occurring Benign Idiopathic Leg Cramps

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-nocturnally-occurring-benign-idiopathic-leg-cramps

  Medication is usually only needed in the most persistent cases in which cramping does not respond to exercise. […] With pharmacists awareness of and recommendations for stretching exercises, and referral for evaluation where appropriate, older adults can find comfort and learn mitigation and prevention strategies for these benign but distressful conditions.

• #1 What causes muscle cramps during cancer treatment? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/cancer-treatment-side-effect–muscle-cramps.h00-159775656.html

  If youve ever had a charley horse or a severe sudden spasm in your calf you know that muscle cramps are no joke. […] But did you also know that muscle cramps can be a side effect of cancer treatment? Below, Ill explain why these uncomfortable spasms sometimes happen to cancer patients, how we treat them, and whether theyre temporary or permanent. […] Several classes of chemotherapy can cause muscle cramps. […] But cramps can also be a side effect of some hormonal therapies, including the aromatase inhibitors used to treat breast cancer. […] A lot of chemotherapy drugs make patients dehydrated, which can result in electrolyte imbalances. […] Amphotericin-B is a very potent antifungal medication used to treat opportunistic infections in neutropenic patients. It is also known to cause muscle cramps as a side effect.

• #1 Leg Cramps | Side Effects of Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/pain/leg-cramps.html

  Cancer and its treatment may cause leg cramps and other types of muscle cramps. […] Your cancer care team can help create a plan to manage leg cramps. They might want you to take mineral and vitamin supplements if there is a problem with your electrolytes on a lab test. They might also prescribe a muscle relaxant if your leg cramps are severe or frequent. Your cancer care team may also suggest that you do stretching exercises or gentle exercise if you have trouble with leg cramps at night. […] When you have a cramp, sit up or stand up to stretch the tight muscle as much as you can without hurting it. For example, for a calf muscle cramp, try pointing the toes upward toward the knees, or walk around. […] Help your loved one gently stretch the tight muscle. […] Contact the cancer care team if your loved one has cramping that’s not relieved by cold, heat, massage, or by stretching the cramped muscle.

• #2 Muscle cramps – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/569

  Muscle cramps are mostly benign and self-limited, but may also be indicative of a wide variety of potentially serious systemic disorders. […] Non-pharmacological therapy forms the cornerstone of management of muscle cramps in the acute phase. Passive and/or active stretching of the affected muscle(s) is by far the most effective and safest therapy for most acute idiopathic muscle cramps. […] With the exception of drug therapies targeted at underlying/precipitating conditions, there are no proven, specific, effective, and safe drug therapies for muscle cramps. Quinine is used in some countries for the prevention of idiopathic cramps, but is associated with serious side effects (e.g., cardiac arrhythmias, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, blindness). Therapeutic trialling of various medications used for symptomatic benefit is a reasonable approach.

• #2 7 Remedies for Muscle Cramps: What to Do and When to See a Doctor

  https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/remedies-for-muscle-cramps

  Muscle cramps, especially in your leg, are common. Stretching can often help. […] Most of the time, you won’t need medical care for a cramp. That feeling of tightness and any pain often goes away in a few minutes or even seconds. If not, these remedies for muscle cramps can help. […] When a muscle cramp happens, stop the activity you’re doing and stretch it out by tightening the opposing muscle. […] After stretching, try massaging the muscle cramp for relief. Use a foam roller or your hands. […] A warm bath or shower can help your cramped muscle loosen up. You could also put a heating pad or a warm towel on the area. […] Once the pain subsides a little, place an ice pack or a bag of ice on the cramping muscle. […] If you can, lift the part of your body that has the cramp. […] If none of the above remedies help, take a pain reliever like ibuprofen or acetaminophen.

• #2 Muscle Spasms (Muscle Cramps): Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/muscle-spasms-muscle-cramps

  Muscle spasms (muscle cramps) are painful contractions and tightening of your muscles. Theyre common, involuntary and unpredictable. Although there are steps you can take to prevent a muscle spasm and treat it when it attacks, those methods arent always dependable. Muscle relaxants, stretching and massage are most likely to help. […] Theres no pill or injection that instantly relieves muscle spasms. But there are things you can do to try and stop muscle cramps fast: Stretch the affected area. Massage the affected area with your hands or a massage roller. Stand up and walk around. Apply heat or ice. Take over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen. […] If you have severe or frequent muscle spasms, a healthcare provider may prescribe muscle relaxers to help ease your symptoms. Muscle relaxers can cause drowsiness, dizziness and nausea. Because of these side effects, this medication may not be a long-term solution. Talk to your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of muscle relaxers.

• #2 Muscle spasms: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/muscle-spasms

  Muscle spasms usually resolve on their own. It might take a few seconds or several minutes to stop completely, but they do not often need treatment. Drinking water can help ease dehydration-related muscle cramps. […] Someone with a painful cramp can try a few methods to help ease their symptoms. The American Osteopathic Association recommends: stopping any activity that led to the cramp for example, running; gently massaging or stretching the cramping muscle; using a heating pad to relax tight muscles; applying an ice pack to soothe sore muscles. […] If the pain is in the calf muscle, the person can try putting their weight on the affected leg and bending their knee slightly. Doing this will stretch the muscle. […] If cramping affects the quadriceps the muscles at the front of the thigh the person can try holding the foot of the affected leg behind them and gently pulling it up toward their buttocks, keeping the knees together.

• #2 Muscle spasms: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/muscle-spasms

  In cases where an underlying neurological condition is causing the muscle spasms, doctors may recommend an antispasmodic medication. […] Drinking plenty of water and stretching the muscles before any exercise or repetitive movements can help prevent muscle spasms. […] Some people experience muscle cramps in the legs during the night. Stretching the limbs before bed can help prevent this from occurring. […] Anyone who regularly experiences severe or painful muscle spasms should speak to a doctor. […] Muscle spasms can last just a few seconds or up to several minutes, but they tend to go away on their own or without any treatment. Gently stretching or massaging the affected area or using a heat or ice pack may help.

• #2 9 Muscle Spasm Treatments to Try and Lots of Tips

  https://www.healthline.com/health/muscle-spasm-treatment

  Stretching can be particularly helpful at relieving a muscle spasm. Other home treatments like massage, using ice and heat, and staying hydrated may help, too. […] Specific home treatments are recommended to relieve a muscle spasm. These work for many people. But controlled studies have shown limited proof of the effectiveness of some of these remedies. […] Massage can be a great way to relieve physical pain and muscle cramps. […] Treating pain and spasms with hot or cold therapy can be extremely effective. […] For a persistent spasm, apply an ice pack on the muscle for 15 to 20 minutes at a time, a few times a day. […] A heating pad on the area may also be effective for 15 to 20 minutes at a time, but follow this with an ice pack. […] When you have a spasm, try drinking some water.

• #2 Muscle Cramps Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/muscle-cramps/

  If cramps keep coming back, bother you a lot, or interfere with your sleep, your doctor may prescribe medicine that relaxes your muscles. […] Talk with your doctor if you have muscle cramps that keep coming back or are severe. These may be symptoms of another problem, such as restless legs syndrome. […] You may need to try several different ways to stop a muscle cramp before you find what works best for you. Here are some things you can try: […] Stretch and massage the muscle. […] Take a warm shower or bath to relax the muscle. A heating pad placed on the muscle can also help. […] Try using an ice or cold pack. Always keep a cloth between your skin and the ice pack. […] Take an over-the-counter pain medicine, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), or naproxen (Aleve). Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label.

• #2 Physical therapy in our clinic for Muscle Cramps

  https://www.rmts.clinic/Injuries-Conditions/Muscle-Injury/Muscle-Injury-Issues/Muscle-Cramps/a~8851/article.html

  When it comes to muscle cramps, the most commonly affected muscles are the gastrocnemius (calf muscles), triceps (the muscles in your upper arms), the hamstrings (the muscles behind your thighs), and the quadriceps (the muscles in front of your thighs). […] The type of treatments required for muscle cramps depends on what is causing them. If you’re having occasional muscle cramps from physical activity or overusing certain muscles, you can usually take care of the cramps yourself. Simply stopping the activity will stop the cramping. If the cramps continue, stretching the cramping muscle – although painful – should release the tension of the muscle. […] Some people find that using ice packs can help relax the tense muscles, others have better luck with heat such as from heating pads, warming packs, even warm towels.

• #2 Leg Cramps and Cancer: What’s the Connection?

  https://www.cancercenter.com/integrative-care/leg-cramps

  10 tips to help deal with and prevent leg cramps: Make sure you’re well-hydrated. Your care team should help you correct any dehydration or electrolyte imbalance, which may include supplements. […] With your doctor’s permission, try applying heat or cold to the cramping muscle. Get details about what type of heat and cold and how long to apply it. […] If your muscle cramps are severe or frequent, your doctor may prescribe a temporary muscle relaxant or a prescription pain medication. […] Keep a diary or log of your symptoms, including the time of day, which activities you were doing and what helped to make the cramping go away. This information may be helpful for your care team in finding the cause of the cramps and to help them recommend an appropriate medication.

• #2 Healthy Aging: Muscle Cramps & Spasms | MUSC Health | Charleston SC

  https://muschealth.org/medical-services/geriatrics-and-aging/healthy-aging/cramps-and-spasms

  The treatment for a cramp is what we in medicine term supportive. That means stopping what one is doing that could have precipitated the cramp. Walk around walk if off if possible. Next, is to massage the muscle areas attempting to relax the muscle. Drink fluids with some electrolytes like Gatorade. Take a warm shower or bath. Some recommend either heat or cold applied to the affected muscle. If the pain persists after the muscle has relaxed, over the counter analgesics (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen) may be used to combat the residual soreness. […] Proper stretching before and after exercise is key to preventing cramps related to exercise. Calf stretching is particularly important before or after exercise. The other important preventive measure is to hydrate before, during, and after the exercise. It is wise to use a diluted electrolyte solution like Gatorade in this prevention strategy. Always exercise in moderation and build up to increased amounts.

• #2 Take that, muscle cramps! – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/take-that-muscle-cramps

  For back cramps, Kale recommends the „child’s pose” yoga posture. […] For hamstring cramps (in the back of the thigh), sit on the floor with your legs extended in front of you. Slide your hands down your legs until you feel a burning sensation in the cramped muscle. Hold for 30 seconds, then slowly return to a sitting position. […] After you’ve stretched the muscle, Kale recommends putting a heating pad on the area to promote blood flow. Then gently massage the muscle. […] Kale suggests staying hydrated throughout the day, eating foods rich in magnesium (especially leafy greens) and potassium (bananas, black beans), wearing warm socks at night if you have leg cramps, and keeping your muscles strong and flexible with regular exercises. […] „Cramps are extremely painful, but they’re not a sign of serious illness,” says Kale. „Stretch the muscle and resume your activity once the cramp goes away.”

• #2 Muscle Cramps

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2019-aug-july/muscle-cramps

  Infrequent cramps that do not interfere in someones life rarely need investigation or treatment. There is no evidence that recurrent muscle cramps lead to significant long-lasting damage to muscles, and serious harm from muscle cramps (eg, tendon ruptures) is rare. If treatment is needed, the avoidance of the offending agent or appropriate electrolyte and vitamin replacement to treat the root cause are warranted. There is level B evidence that vitamin B-complex supplementation can reduce cramp frequency in people who experience at least 6 cramps per week. […] In individuals with prominent dehydration (eg, athletes, malnourished individuals, or members of vulnerable populations), care must be taken to ensure adequate electrolyte-rich solutions, particularly high-salt formulations. In pregnant women, there is ample evidence that magnesium replacement is helpful in managing muscle cramps.

• #2

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1331

  Muscle cramps can be treated by stretching and massaging the muscle. […] When you get a cramp, stretch and massage the muscle. You can also take a warm shower or bath to relax the muscle. A heating pad placed on the muscle can also help. […] Ask your doctor if you can take an over-the-counter pain medicine, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), or naproxen (Aleve). Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label.

• #2 Muscle Cramps: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/muscle-cramps

  You can apply a hot or cold compress to your sore muscles at the first sign of a spasm to ease the pain of muscle cramps. You can use any of the following: a hot cloth, a heating pad, a cold cloth, ice. […] Stretching the affected muscle can also alleviate the pain of muscle cramps. For example, if your calf is cramping, you could pull your foot upward with your hand to stretch the calf muscle. […] If your pain doesn’t improve, try taking an over-the-counter, anti-inflammatory medication, such as ibuprofen. It may also help to stretch the sore muscles gently. […] Muscle cramps can interrupt your sleep. If this happens, talk to your doctor about a prescription muscle relaxer. This medication helps relax your muscles and calm spasms. […] Controlling the underlying cause of muscle cramps can improve your symptoms and ease spasms. For example, your doctor may recommend supplements if low calcium or potassium levels are triggering cramps.

• #2 Muscle Cramps Treatment, Causes, Symptoms, Prevention

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/muscle_cramps/article_em.htm

  Which Types of Medicine Treat Muscle Cramps and Pain? Muscle relaxants such as cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), orphenadrine (Norflex), and baclofen (Lioresal) can be helpful to relax cramping muscles. Some people benefit by drinking simple quinine-containing water (tonic water) before bedtime. In recent years, injections of therapeutic doses of botulism toxin (Botox) have been used successfully for some spastic muscle disorders that are localized to a limited group of muscles. A good response may last several months or more, and the injection may then be repeated. Persisting muscle cramps can require blood testing and an evaluation by a neurologist. Return to your health care professional if your muscle cramps recur. Your follow-up with your health care professional can be important to detect associated activities or diseases that should be addressed to stop your muscle cramping.

• #2 Muscle Cramps

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/neuromuscular/muscle-cramps/31559/

  Infrequent cramps that do not interfere in someones life rarely need investigation or treatment. There is no evidence that recurrent muscle cramps lead to significant long-lasting damage to muscles, and serious harm from muscle cramps (eg, tendon ruptures) is rare. If treatment is needed, the avoidance of the offending agent or appropriate electrolyte and vitamin replacement to treat the root cause are warranted. There is level B evidence that vitamin B-complex supplementation can reduce cramp frequency in people who experience at least 6 cramps per week. […] In individuals with prominent dehydration (eg, athletes, malnourished individuals, or members of vulnerable populations), care must be taken to ensure adequate electrolyte-rich solutions, particularly high-salt formulations. In pregnant women, there is ample evidence that magnesium replacement is helpful in managing muscle cramps.

• #2 Muscle Cramp: Types, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/muscle_cramps/article.htm

  Dehydration increases the likelihood of true cramps. […] Gently massaging the muscle will often help it to relax, as will applying warmth from a heating pad or hot soak. […] Muscle relaxant medications may be used over the short term in certain situations to relax muscle cramps due to an injury or other temporary event. […] The treatment of cramps that are associated with specific medical conditions generally focuses on treating the underlying condition. […] Authorities recommend stretching before and after exercise or sports, along with an adequate warm-up and cooldown, to prevent cramps that are caused by vigorous physical activity. […] Supplemental calcium and magnesium have each been shown to help prevent cramps associated with pregnancy. […] Nocturnal cramps and other rest cramps can often be prevented by regular stretching exercises, particularly if done before going to bed. […] The only medication that has been widely used to prevent, and sometimes also to treat, cramps is quinine.

• #2 Muscle cramps – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/569

  Muscle cramps are mostly benign and self-limited, but may also be indicative of a wide variety of potentially serious systemic disorders. […] Nonpharmacologic therapy forms the cornerstone of management of muscle cramps in the acute phase. Passive and/or active stretching of the affected muscle(s) is by far the most effective and safest therapy for most acute idiopathic muscle cramps. […] With the exception of drug therapies targeted at underlying/precipitating conditions, there are no proven, specific, effective, and safe drug therapies for muscle cramps. Quinine is used in some countries for the prevention of idiopathic cramps, but is associated with serious side effects (e.g., cardiac arrhythmias, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, blindness). Therapeutic trialing of various medications used for symptomatic benefit is a reasonable approach.

• #2 Assessment: symptomatic treatment for muscle cramps (an evidence-based review): report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American academy of neurology – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20177124/

  A Food and Drug Administration advisory in 2006 warned against the off-label use of quinine sulfate and its derivatives in the treatment of muscle cramps. […] There are Class I studies showing the efficacy of quinine derivatives for treatment of muscle cramps. However, the benefit is modest and there are adverse effects from published prospective trials as well as case reports. […] Although likely effective (Level A), quinine derivatives should be avoided for routine use in the management of muscle cramps because of the potential of toxicity, but in select patients they can be considered for an individual therapeutic trial once potential side effects are taken into account. Vitamin B complex, Naftidrofuryl, and calcium channel blockers such as diltiazem are possibly effective and may be considered in the management of muscle cramps (Level C). Further studies are needed to identify agents that are effective and safe for the treatment of muscle cramps.

• #2 6 Treatments for Muscle Spasms – Kinetic Physical Therapy

  https://www.kineticptmd.com/6-treatments-for-muscle-spasms/

  Applying ice or heat can help reduce muscle pain and inflammation. Ice packs or cold compresses are effective for acute muscle spasms, as they help numb the area and reduce swelling. On the other hand, heat therapy, through warm compresses or hot baths, helps relax tense muscles and improves blood flow. […] Sometimes muscle spasms strike because of a lack of nutrients in your diet. Muscle cramps can happen because of an electrolyte imbalance. […] Gentle stretching routines can help lengthen tight muscles, improve flexibility, and relieve muscle tension. Focus on stretching the muscles prone to spasms, paying particular attention to areas like the back and legs. […] If you have frequent or lengthy muscle spasms, Kinetic Physical Therapy can help. We will create an individualized therapy program for you after a thorough evaluation. You can be sure to find relief with our physical therapy services.

• #2 How to get rid of muscle cramps in your legs – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/how-to-get-rid-of-muscle-cramps-in-your-legs

  Most cramps will go away on their own within a few minutes. Massaging or gently stretching the muscle will help it relax. If the cramp begins while lying or sitting, standing up may be all that is needed. Heat is soothing to tense muscles. Apply a heating pad or warm wet washcloth to help loosen up the muscle. […] To avoid leg cramps in the future, drink plenty of fluids before and during exercise. Muscles need fluid to contract and relax properly. Prevent tightness by warming up your leg muscles before you work out with some walking in place or a slow jog. After each workout, stretch out your leg muscles for a few minutes. Do another set of stretches before bed if you tend to get cramps while you sleep.

• #2 Physical therapy in Baton Rouge for Muscle Cramps

  https://www.peakphysicaltherapy.com/Injuries-Conditions/Muscle-Injury/Muscle-Injury-Issues/Muscle-Cramps/a~8851/article.html

  It’s also important to stretch correctly. It is best to stretch after a muscle is already warmed up. Don’t stretch quickly. Stretch slowly and hold each stretch for 30 seconds. Any shorter than 30 seconds and there’s no benefit. Some experts suggest that athletes continue to stretch daily. This may keep the muscles flexible. Also remember to stretch after the activity to allow the muscles to cool down. […] Other important tips include staying hydrated; drink enough fluids to keep your body’s electrolytes from depleting – but don’t overdo the fluids either. Finally, don’t overdo the exercising, especially in hot weather.

• #2 Muscle Spasms | Charley Horse | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/musclecramps.html

  Muscle cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions or spasms in one or more of your muscles. They are very common and often occur after exercise. Some people get muscle cramps, especially leg cramps, at night. They can be painful, and they may last a few seconds to several minutes. […] You usually don’t need treatment for muscle cramps. You may be able to find some relief from cramps by: Stretching or gently massaging the muscle, Applying heat when the muscle is tight and ice when the muscle is sore, Getting more fluids if you are dehydrated. […] If another medical problem is causing the cramps, treating that problem will likely help. There are medicines that providers sometimes prescribe to prevent cramps, but they are not always effective and may cause side effects. Talk to your provider about the risks and benefits of medicines. […] To prevent muscle cramps, you can: Stretch your muscles, especially before exercising. If you often get leg cramps at night, stretch your leg muscles before bed. Drink plenty of liquids. If you do intense exercise or exercise in the heat, sports drinks can help you replace electrolytes.

• #2 Foods That May Help With Muscle Cramps

  https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/ss/slideshow-muscle-cramps-foods

  Muscle cramps happen when your muscles tense up and you cant relax them. While painful, usually you can treat them yourself. One way to stop cramps is to stretch or massage your muscles and to eat enough of these key nutrients: potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Theyre called electrolytes, and you can find them in the following foods. […] Some athletes swear by pickle juice as a fast way to stop a muscle cramp. They believe its effective because of the high water and sodium content. But that might not be the case. While pickle juice may help relieve muscle cramps quickly, it isnt because youre dehydrated or low on sodium. It is more likely because the pickle juice sets off a reaction in your nervous system that stops the cramp, according to recent research. […] Theyre rich in calcium and magnesium. So adding kale, spinach, or broccoli to your plate may help prevent muscle cramps. Eating leafy greens also may help with menstruation cramps, as studies show eating foods high in calcium can help relieve pain from periods. […] Eating oily fish like salmon can help improve it. Plus, a 3-ounce portion of cooked salmon has about 326 milligrams of potassium and 52 milligrams of sodium to help with muscle cramps. […] Drinking water can help protect against muscle cramps.

• #2 Leg Cramps at Night: Causes, Pain Relief & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14170-leg-cramps

  Leg cramps are painful, involuntary muscle contractions that can last seconds or minutes. When a leg cramp happens, try flexing the muscle, applying heat or ice and massaging the area. […] Muscle cramps in your legs can last from several seconds to several minutes. […] You want to get rid of a leg cramp the moment it strikes. However, there are eight steps to take to possibly get rid of a leg cramp: Stretch: Straighten your leg and then flex it, pulling your toes toward your shin to stretch the muscles. […] There arent any recommended medications that can prevent leg cramps 100% of the time. However, some prescription medications show a little evidence of preventing leg cramps. […] Ideas for prevention include several activities you may want to do every day: Exercise: Do leg exercises during the day, and mild, brief walking or biking right before bed. […] Leg cramps dont have a cure at this time. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to prevent and manage your leg cramps. […] See a healthcare provider if your leg cramps are unbearably painful, happen frequently or last for a long time.

• #2 Muscle cramp | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/muscle-cramp

  A muscle cramp is an uncontrollable and painful spasm of a muscle. […] You can help reduce the duration and severity of cramp by gently stretching the muscle and massaging the area. […] See your doctor if you experience regular muscle cramping or if cramps last longer than a few minutes. […] Treatment options include: Stretch and massage lengthen the cramping muscle using a gentle, sustained stretch then lightly massage the area until the cramp subsides. […] In cases of severe cramp, an ice pack applied for a few minutes may help the muscle to relax. […] Some medications can be helpful to control muscle cramps. […] See your doctor if you experience regular muscle cramping or if cramps last longer than a few minutes. You may have an undiagnosed medical condition that requires treatment.

• #2 Muscle Cramps Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/muscle-cramps/

  If your doctor prescribes medicines for muscle cramps, take them exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you have any problems with your medicine. […] Drink plenty of fluids. You can also drink an electrolyte replacement drink or sports drink, such as Gatorade, after exercise. […] Walk around, or jiggle your leg. […] Stretch your calf muscles. You can do a seated calf stretch using a towel or a standing calf stretch using a wall. […] These tips may help prevent muscle cramps: […] Drink plenty of water and other fluids. […] Limit or avoid drinks with alcohol. […] Make sure you are eating healthy foods (especially if you are pregnant) that are rich in calcium, potassium, and magnesium. […] Ride a bike or stationary bike to condition and stretch your muscles. […] Stretch your muscles every day, especially before and after exercise and at bedtime. […] Don’t suddenly increase the amount of exercise you get. Increase your exercise a little each week. […] If you are taking medicines that are known to cause leg cramps, your doctor may prescribe different medicines.

• #2 Muscle Cramps – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/muscle-cramps

  Muscle cramps are more likely when you exercise in hot weather because sweat drains your body’s fluids, salt, and minerals (i.e., potassium, magnesium, and calcium). Loss of these nutrients may also cause a muscle to spasm. […] Cramps usually go away on their own without seeing a doctor. […] Gently stretch and massage the cramping muscle, holding it in a stretched position until the cramp stops. […] Apply heat to tense/tight muscles, or cold to sore/tender muscles. […] Hydrate and replenish electrolytes as needed. Low-sugar sports drinks, lowfat cow’s milk, or electrolyte-rich foods like yogurt, bananas, lentils, and spinach can help replace lost electrolytes. […] To avoid future cramps, work toward better overall fitness. Do regular flexibility exercises before and after you work out to stretch muscle groups most prone to cramping.

• #2 7 Remedies for Muscle Cramps: What to Do and When to See a Doctor

  https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/remedies-for-muscle-cramps

  If your cramp doesn’t get better with self-care or you get frequent muscle cramps, your doctor could prescribe a muscle relaxer. […] Muscle cramps usually only last a short time. But you may want to speak with your doctor if: […] A few simple changes can you help you try to stop a muscle cramp before it starts: […] Muscle cramps can be painful, but they’re usually short-lived and not a cause for concern. Self-care like stretching, heat, and massage can help with discomfort in the moment, while stretching and drinking enough water may prevent cramps from happening. If your pain is intense or your muscle cramps keep coming back, talk to your doctor.

• #3 Muscle cramp – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscle-cramp/symptoms-causes/syc-20350820

  Muscle cramps aren’t usually harmful. Self-care measures can treat most muscle cramps. […] Muscle cramps usually go away on their own. They don’t usually need medical care. However, see a health care provider for cramps that: […] These steps might help prevent cramps: […] Drink plenty of liquids every day. Muscles need fluids to work well. During activity, drink liquids regularly. Keep drinking water or other liquids without caffeine or alcohol after the activity. […] Stretch your muscles. Stretch gently before and after using any muscle for a time. To avoid getting leg cramps at night, stretch before bedtime. Light exercise, such as riding a stationary bicycle for a few minutes before bedtime, also may help prevent cramps while you sleep.

• #3 An Evidence-Based Review of the Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8775277/

  Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) are common and frustrating for athletes and the physically active. We critically appraised the EAMC literature to provide evidence-based treatment and prevention recommendations. […] The treatment of acute EAMCs continues to include self-applied or clinician-guided gentle static stretching until symptoms abate. Once the painful EAMCs are alleviated, the clinician can continue treatment on the sidelines by focusing on patient-specific risk factors that may have contributed to the onset of EAMCs. […] For EAMC prevention, clinicians should obtain a thorough medical history and then identify any unique risk factors. Individualizing EAMC prevention strategies will likely be more effective than generalized advice (eg, drink more fluids). […] Athletes or clinicians should apply gentle static stretching to the EAMC until it abates.

Zobacz więcej