Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Muscle Cramps – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499895/

  Muscle cramps result in continuous, involuntary, painful, and localized contraction of an entire muscle group, individual single muscle, or select muscle fibers. […] Exercise-associated muscle cramps are the most frequent condition requiring medical/therapeutic intervention during sports. […] This activity highlights the importance of collaboration and communication among the interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients suffering from muscle cramps. […] The easiest conservative treatment for healthy subjects and patients is stretching the involved muscle or deep massages. […] Prevention in healthy subjects could involve correct heating before physical activity and adequate hydration. […] Muscle cramps are not life-threatening but they may be indicative of a wide range of systemic disorders.

• #2 Muscle Cramps

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/neuromuscular/muscle-cramps/31559/

  A muscle cramp is a hyperexcitable neurologic phenomena of excessive, involuntary muscle contractions. It is important to distinguish between myogenic and neurogenic muscle cramps, because each has unique pathophysiology and management. The conventional definition of a muscle cramp is a painful contraction of a muscle or muscle group, relieved by contraction of antagonist muscles. Care must be taken to avoid confusing muscle cramps with other phenomena including central hyperexcitability (eg, dystonia, spasticity, seizures, and stiff person/stiff limb syndromes) and peripheral processes, including tetany, myokymia, myotonia, neuromyotonia (focal muscle stiffness), or myalgia. […] The pathophysiology of myogenic muscle cramps, in contrast, is usually the result of disrupted energy production in muscle cells and occurs most commonly in metabolic myopathies associated with disorders of glycogen, lipid, or mitochondrial metabolism. Myopathic cramps are also a potential symptom of myopathies linked to muscle membrane or intramuscular structural dysfunction in acquired and hereditary myopathies (eg, muscular dystrophy, congenital myopathies, and inflammatory myopathy).

• #3

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1331

  A muscle cramp is when a muscle tightens up suddenly. A cramp often happens in the legs. A muscle cramp is also called a muscle spasm or a charley horse. […] Muscle cramps can be treated by stretching and massaging the muscle. If cramps keep coming back, your doctor may prescribe medicine that relaxes your muscles. […] Stretch your muscles every day, especially before and after exercise and at bedtime. Regular stretching can relax your muscles and may prevent cramps. […] When you get a cramp, stretch and massage the muscle. You can also take a warm shower or bath to relax the muscle. A heating pad placed on the muscle can also help. […] You get muscle cramps often that do not go away after home treatment. […] Your muscle cramps often wake you up at night.

• #4 Muscle Cramps: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.muscle-cramps-care-instructions.zc1331

  A muscle cramp occurs when a muscle tightens up suddenly. A muscle cramp is also called a muscle spasm or a charley horse. Muscle cramps usually last less than a minute. However, the pain may last for several minutes. Muscle cramps can be treated by stretching and massaging the muscle. If cramps keep coming back, your doctor may prescribe medicine that relaxes your muscles. […] Stretch your muscles every day, especially before and after exercise and at bedtime. Regular stretching can relax your muscles and may prevent cramps. […] When you get a cramp, stretch and massage the muscle. You can also take a warm shower or bath to relax the muscle. A heating pad placed on the muscle can also help. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You get muscle cramps often that do not go away after home treatment. Your muscle cramps often wake you up at night. You do not get better as expected.

• #5 Muscle Cramp: Types, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/muscle_cramps/article.htm

  Muscle cramps can occur in any muscle; cramps of the leg muscles and feet are particularly common. A muscle cramp is an involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax. Muscle cramps often cause a visible or palpable hardening of the involved muscle. Muscle cramps can last from a few seconds to a quarter of an hour or occasionally longer. Muscle cramps are extremely common. Almost everyone (one estimate is about 95%) experiences a cramp at some time in their life. Muscle cramps are common in adults and become increasingly frequent with aging. However, children also experience cramps in their muscles. Any of the muscles that are under our voluntary control (skeletal muscles) can cramp. Cramps of the extremities, especially the legs and feet (including nocturnal leg cramps), and most notably the calf (the classic „charley horse”), are very common. This article focuses on cramps of skeletal muscle.

• #6 Coping with Muscle Cramps | American Osteopathic AssociationSearchSearch

  https://osteopathic.org/what-is-osteopathic-medicine/muscle-cramp/

  Muscle cramps, or “charley horses” as they are sometimes called, are extremely common and occur when muscles involuntarily contract and cannot relax. […] The most notorious sites for cramps are the calves, thighs and arch of the foot. Cramps in the hands, arms, abdomen and along the rib cage are also very common. […] “Cramps can affect any muscle under your control,” explains Carolyn Quist, DO, an osteopathic physician from Fort Worth, Texas. “When a person experiences a muscle cramp, the muscle that is cramping feels harder than normal to the touch or may even show visible signs of twitching.” […] Muscle cramps can occur anywhere, anytime to anyone. “No one is immune,” explains Dr. Quist. “You could be young or old, active or sedentary, and you could develop a muscle cramp doing just about anything.” However, Dr. Quist adds that infants, the elderly, the overweight and athletes are at the greatest risk for muscle cramps.

• #7 Coping with Muscle Cramps | American Osteopathic AssociationSearchSearch

  https://osteopathic.org/what-is-osteopathic-medicine/muscle-cramp/

  Muscle cramps, or “charley horses” as they are sometimes called, are extremely common and occur when muscles involuntarily contract and cannot relax. […] The most notorious sites for cramps are the calves, thighs and arch of the foot. Cramps in the hands, arms, abdomen and along the rib cage are also very common. […] “Cramps can affect any muscle under your control,” explains Carolyn Quist, DO, an osteopathic physician from Fort Worth, Texas. “When a person experiences a muscle cramp, the muscle that is cramping feels harder than normal to the touch or may even show visible signs of twitching.” […] Muscle cramps can occur anywhere, anytime to anyone. “No one is immune,” explains Dr. Quist. “You could be young or old, active or sedentary, and you could develop a muscle cramp doing just about anything.” However, Dr. Quist adds that infants, the elderly, the overweight and athletes are at the greatest risk for muscle cramps.

• #8 Muscle Cramp: Types, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/muscle_cramps/article.htm

  Muscle cramps can occur in any muscle; cramps of the leg muscles and feet are particularly common. A muscle cramp is an involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax. Muscle cramps often cause a visible or palpable hardening of the involved muscle. Muscle cramps can last from a few seconds to a quarter of an hour or occasionally longer. Muscle cramps are extremely common. Almost everyone (one estimate is about 95%) experiences a cramp at some time in their life. Muscle cramps are common in adults and become increasingly frequent with aging. However, children also experience cramps in their muscles. Any of the muscles that are under our voluntary control (skeletal muscles) can cramp. Cramps of the extremities, especially the legs and feet (including nocturnal leg cramps), and most notably the calf (the classic „charley horse”), are very common. This article focuses on cramps of skeletal muscle.

• #9 Muscle cramps and dystonia | Parkinson’s UK

  https://www.parkinsons.org.uk/information-and-support/muscle-cramps-and-dystonia

  Anyone can experience muscle cramps but they are more common in people with Parkinsons. […] Youre most likely to get muscle cramps in your legs, especially in your calf muscle at the back of your leg. You may also experience cramps in muscles in your feet or thighs. […] Muscle cramps happen when your muscles shorten more than they are used to, or when they suddenly tighten, causing sharp pain. […] A cramp usually lasts a few seconds but it can last up to 10 minutes. Your muscles can feel tender for up to 24 hours afterwards. […] Most muscle cramps happen before you can do anything to stop them, but there are lots of things that can help ease them. […] You may find it helpful to try the following: stretching, massaging your muscles, raising your feet in bed using a pillow, or raising the foot of the bed.

• #10 Muscle Cramp: Types, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/muscle_cramps/article.htm

  Muscle cramps can occur in any muscle; cramps of the leg muscles and feet are particularly common. A muscle cramp is an involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax. Muscle cramps often cause a visible or palpable hardening of the involved muscle. Muscle cramps can last from a few seconds to a quarter of an hour or occasionally longer. Muscle cramps are extremely common. Almost everyone (one estimate is about 95%) experiences a cramp at some time in their life. Muscle cramps are common in adults and become increasingly frequent with aging. However, children also experience cramps in their muscles. Any of the muscles that are under our voluntary control (skeletal muscles) can cramp. Cramps of the extremities, especially the legs and feet (including nocturnal leg cramps), and most notably the calf (the classic „charley horse”), are very common. This article focuses on cramps of skeletal muscle.

• #11 Muscle Cramps

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/neuromuscular/muscle-cramps/31559/

  A muscle cramp is a hyperexcitable neurologic phenomena of excessive, involuntary muscle contractions. It is important to distinguish between myogenic and neurogenic muscle cramps, because each has unique pathophysiology and management. The conventional definition of a muscle cramp is a painful contraction of a muscle or muscle group, relieved by contraction of antagonist muscles. Care must be taken to avoid confusing muscle cramps with other phenomena including central hyperexcitability (eg, dystonia, spasticity, seizures, and stiff person/stiff limb syndromes) and peripheral processes, including tetany, myokymia, myotonia, neuromyotonia (focal muscle stiffness), or myalgia. […] The pathophysiology of myogenic muscle cramps, in contrast, is usually the result of disrupted energy production in muscle cells and occurs most commonly in metabolic myopathies associated with disorders of glycogen, lipid, or mitochondrial metabolism. Myopathic cramps are also a potential symptom of myopathies linked to muscle membrane or intramuscular structural dysfunction in acquired and hereditary myopathies (eg, muscular dystrophy, congenital myopathies, and inflammatory myopathy).

• #12 Muscle Cramps

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2019-aug-july/muscle-cramps

  A muscle cramp is a hyperexcitable neurologic phenomena of excessive, involuntary muscle contractions. It is important to distinguish between myogenic and neurogenic muscle cramps, because each has unique pathophysiology and management. The conventional definition of a muscle cramp is a painful contraction of a muscle or muscle group, relieved by contraction of antagonist muscles. Care must be taken to avoid confusing muscle cramps with other phenomena including central hyperexcitability and peripheral processes, including tetany, myokymia, myotonia, neuromyotonia, or myalgia. […] The pathophysiology of myogenic muscle cramps, in contrast, is usually the result of disrupted energy production in muscle cells and occurs most commonly in metabolic myopathies associated with disorders of glycogen, lipid, or mitochondrial metabolism. Myopathic cramps are also a potential symptom of myopathies linked to muscle membrane or intramuscular structural dysfunction in acquired and hereditary myopathies.

• #13 Muscle Cramps

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/neuromuscular/muscle-cramps/31559/

  In individuals with prominent dehydration (eg, athletes, malnourished individuals, or members of vulnerable populations), care must be taken to ensure adequate electrolyte-rich solutions, particularly high-salt formulations. […] Regular daily stretching exercise and low-impact aerobic exercise have been shown to be helpful in preventing nocturnal muscle cramps. […] If cramps remain frequent, severe, and disabling, pharmacologic prescription level intervention should be considered. Quinine sulphate is the most studied medication for treatment of muscle cramps. […] There is modest evidence that calcium channel blockers may be effective for cramps, and antiepileptic medications, including carbamazepine, have been found helpful for cramp fasciculation syndrome. […] A rational treatment plan includes pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic options. Additional research into a reliable and validated outcome measure and new treatments for muscle cramps are areas of unmet need.

• #14 Coping with Muscle Cramps | American Osteopathic AssociationSearchSearch

  https://osteopathic.org/what-is-osteopathic-medicine/muscle-cramp/

  According to Dr. Quist, some common causes of muscle cramps include: Insufficient stretching before exercise. Exercising in the heat. Muscle fatigue. […] Athletes who become fatigued and dehydrated while participating in warm-weather sports frequently develop muscle cramps. […] “Imbalances in the levels of electrolytes in the blood, such as sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and phosphate, can also lead to muscle cramps,” Dr. Quist adds. […] The good news is that muscle cramps usually go away within minutes and typically do not warrant medical attention. […] Here are a few things you can try to get relief: Stop doing whatever activity triggered the cramp. Gently stretch and massage the cramping muscle, holding it in a stretched position until the cramp stops. […] Dr. Quist warns that if cramps are severe, happen frequently, respond poorly to simple treatments, or are not related to obvious causes like strenuous exercise, you should see your doctor. “They could be a symptom of problems with circulation, nerves, metabolism, hormones, medications or nutrition,” she says.

• #15 Muscle cramp – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscle-cramp/symptoms-causes/syc-20350820

  Muscle cramps aren’t usually harmful. Self-care measures can treat most muscle cramps. […] Muscle cramps usually go away on their own. They don’t usually need medical care. However, see a health care provider for cramps that: […] Most muscle cramps are harmless. But some might be related to a medical concern, such as: […] These steps might help prevent cramps: […] Drink plenty of liquids every day. Muscles need fluids to work well. During activity, drink liquids regularly. Keep drinking water or other liquids without caffeine or alcohol after the activity. […] Stretch your muscles. Stretch gently before and after using any muscle for a time. To avoid getting leg cramps at night, stretch before bedtime. Light exercise, such as riding a stationary bicycle for a few minutes before bedtime, also may help prevent cramps while you sleep.

• #16 Muscle Cramps

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/neuromuscular/muscle-cramps/31559/

  A patient-based reliable scale to further assess muscle cramps is an unmet need. […] Physiologic stressors are a common precipitant to muscle cramps. The most common is dehydration, in which electrolyte loss disrupts neuromuscular junction function and membrane stability. Other physiologic stressors include unusually prolonged or strenuous exercise, particularly in a deconditioned state in which muscle tendon shortening is common. […] Pathologic states that disrupt the homeostatic environment or structural integrity of the neuromuscular axis or spinal connections also lead to muscle cramps. […] If treatment is needed, the avoidance of the offending agent or appropriate electrolyte and vitamin replacement to treat the root cause are warranted. There is level B evidence that vitamin B-complex supplementation can reduce cramp frequency in people who experience at least 6 cramps per week.

• #17 Coping with Muscle Cramps | American Osteopathic AssociationSearchSearch

  https://osteopathic.org/what-is-osteopathic-medicine/muscle-cramp/

  According to Dr. Quist, some common causes of muscle cramps include: Insufficient stretching before exercise. Exercising in the heat. Muscle fatigue. […] Athletes who become fatigued and dehydrated while participating in warm-weather sports frequently develop muscle cramps. […] “Imbalances in the levels of electrolytes in the blood, such as sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and phosphate, can also lead to muscle cramps,” Dr. Quist adds. […] The good news is that muscle cramps usually go away within minutes and typically do not warrant medical attention. […] Here are a few things you can try to get relief: Stop doing whatever activity triggered the cramp. Gently stretch and massage the cramping muscle, holding it in a stretched position until the cramp stops. […] Dr. Quist warns that if cramps are severe, happen frequently, respond poorly to simple treatments, or are not related to obvious causes like strenuous exercise, you should see your doctor. “They could be a symptom of problems with circulation, nerves, metabolism, hormones, medications or nutrition,” she says.

• #18 Leg Cramps at Night: Causes, Pain Relief & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14170-leg-cramps

  Nighttime leg cramps happen when you’re not very active or when you’re asleep. They may wake you up, make it harder for you to fall back asleep and leave you feeling sore all night. […] Unfortunately, leg cramps happen very suddenly. There aren’t any warning signs. […] A leg cramp feels like a clenched, contracted muscle tightened into a knot. It can be severely uncomfortable, painful or even unbearable. […] Some leg cramps happen for no known reason. These are called idiopathic cramps. […] Possible causes for leg cramps at night (nocturnal leg cramps) include: Sitting for long periods of time (like at a desk job). Overusing your muscles. […] Medications have side effects. A prescription you’re taking could be causing your leg cramps. […] Leg cramps can be a sign of serious conditions, including: ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Lou Gehrig’s disease): Progressive neuromuscular disease. Congestive heart failure: When your heart can’t pump blood well enough to give your body a normal supply.

• #19 Primary care approach to calf cramps

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9875875/

  Medical pathologies associated with nocturnal leg cramps are peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, liver cirrhosis, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and haemodialysis, cancer treatment, lumbar canal stenosis, peripheral neuropathy, pregnancy, electrolyte disturbances and dehydration. […] For the treatment of nocturnal leg cramps, systematic reviews have demonstrated the efficacy of quinine in reducing the frequency and intensity of nocturnal leg cramps as compared with placebo. […] Stretching of the hamstring and calf muscles can aid in the relief of nocturnal leg cramps. […] Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a reversible increase in intramuscular pressure within an inelastic fascial compartment. […] The first-line treatment for suspected cases of CECS is conservative management. It is recommended that aggravating activities that bring on symptoms should be decreased or ceased. […] Patients with persistent symptoms despite initial conservative management should be referred to a Sports Medicine physician for compartment testing. […] Referral to a Sports Medicine physician should be considered if symptoms are recurrent and debilitating.

• #20 Leg Cramps at Night: Causes, Pain Relief & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14170-leg-cramps

  Nighttime leg cramps happen when you’re not very active or when you’re asleep. They may wake you up, make it harder for you to fall back asleep and leave you feeling sore all night. […] Unfortunately, leg cramps happen very suddenly. There aren’t any warning signs. […] A leg cramp feels like a clenched, contracted muscle tightened into a knot. It can be severely uncomfortable, painful or even unbearable. […] Some leg cramps happen for no known reason. These are called idiopathic cramps. […] Possible causes for leg cramps at night (nocturnal leg cramps) include: Sitting for long periods of time (like at a desk job). Overusing your muscles. […] Medications have side effects. A prescription you’re taking could be causing your leg cramps. […] Leg cramps can be a sign of serious conditions, including: ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Lou Gehrig’s disease): Progressive neuromuscular disease. Congestive heart failure: When your heart can’t pump blood well enough to give your body a normal supply.

• #21 Muscle Cramp: Types, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/muscle_cramps/article.htm

  Numerous medicines can cause cramps. Potent diuretic medications, such as furosemide (Lasix), or the vigorous removal of body fluids, even with less potent diuretics, can induce cramps by depleting body fluid and sodium. Medications such as donepezil (Aricept, used for Alzheimer’s disease) and neostigmine (Prostigmine and others, used for myasthenia gravis), as well as raloxifene (Evista, used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women), can cause cramps. […] Several vitamin deficiency states may directly or indirectly lead to muscle cramps. These include deficiencies of thiamine (B1), pantothenic acid (B5), and pyridoxine (B6). […] Poor circulation to the leg muscles, which results in inadequate oxygen to the muscle tissue, can cause severe pain in the leg muscle (sometimes known as claudication pain or intermittent claudication) that occurs with walking or exercise.

• #22 Muscle Cramp: Types, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/muscle_cramps/article.htm

  Numerous medicines can cause cramps. Potent diuretic medications, such as furosemide (Lasix), or the vigorous removal of body fluids, even with less potent diuretics, can induce cramps by depleting body fluid and sodium. Medications such as donepezil (Aricept, used for Alzheimer’s disease) and neostigmine (Prostigmine and others, used for myasthenia gravis), as well as raloxifene (Evista, used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women), can cause cramps. […] Several vitamin deficiency states may directly or indirectly lead to muscle cramps. These include deficiencies of thiamine (B1), pantothenic acid (B5), and pyridoxine (B6). […] Poor circulation to the leg muscles, which results in inadequate oxygen to the muscle tissue, can cause severe pain in the leg muscle (sometimes known as claudication pain or intermittent claudication) that occurs with walking or exercise.

• #23 Leg Cramps at Night: Causes, Pain Relief & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14170-leg-cramps

  Nighttime leg cramps happen when you’re not very active or when you’re asleep. They may wake you up, make it harder for you to fall back asleep and leave you feeling sore all night. […] Unfortunately, leg cramps happen very suddenly. There aren’t any warning signs. […] A leg cramp feels like a clenched, contracted muscle tightened into a knot. It can be severely uncomfortable, painful or even unbearable. […] Some leg cramps happen for no known reason. These are called idiopathic cramps. […] Possible causes for leg cramps at night (nocturnal leg cramps) include: Sitting for long periods of time (like at a desk job). Overusing your muscles. […] Medications have side effects. A prescription you’re taking could be causing your leg cramps. […] Leg cramps can be a sign of serious conditions, including: ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Lou Gehrig’s disease): Progressive neuromuscular disease. Congestive heart failure: When your heart can’t pump blood well enough to give your body a normal supply.

• #24 Patient Education | Concord Orthopaedics

  https://www.concordortho.com/patient-resources/patient-education/topic/593705cc3829512b2b323c95ead220f9

  The most obvious symptom of a muscle cramp is a sharp, acute pain in the affected muscle or muscles. […] Diagnosis […] Generally, people know what they are experiencing when they have a muscle cramp so they don’t seek medical help to find out what they are and what caused them. […] However, sometimes muscle cramps are more serious and they are frequent, lengthy, and unbearably painful. […] Your doctor will first do a physical examination and take your medical history. […] Further testing may be recommended. […] Treatment […] The type of treatments required for muscle cramps depends on what is causing them. […] If you’re having occasional muscle cramps from physical activity or overusing certain muscles, you can usually take care of the cramps yourself. […] If the cramps continue, stretching the cramping muscle – although painful – should release the tension of the muscle.

• #25 Muscle cramps – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/muscle-cramps

  Contact your provider if your muscle cramps: Are severe, Do not go away with simple stretching, Keep coming back, Last a long time. […] Blood tests may be done to check for the following: Calcium, potassium, or magnesium metabolism, Kidney function, Thyroid function. […] Pain medicines may be prescribed.

• #26 Muscle cramp – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscle-cramp/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350825

  Self-care measures usually can treat muscle cramps. A health care provider can show you stretching exercises that can reduce the chances of getting muscle cramps. Drinking plenty of fluids can also help prevent muscle cramps. […] If you keep getting cramps that wake you from sleep, a care provider might prescribe medicine to relax muscles or help you sleep. […] See a health care provider if you have muscle cramps often that are severe and not getting better with self-care. […] For muscle cramps, questions to ask your provider might include: What’s likely causing my cramps? […] Your provider is likely to ask you questions, including: How often do you get cramps and how bad are they? […] Stretch the cramped muscle and gently rub it. For a calf cramp, keep the leg straight while pulling the top of your foot on the side that’s cramped toward your face. […] Taking vitamin B complex and other vitamins might help manage leg cramps. Talk to your health care provider about what to take.

• #27 Leg Cramps at Night: Causes, Pain Relief & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14170-leg-cramps

  Your healthcare provider will need to know your medical history, medications and a description of what you’re experiencing. […] You want to get rid of a leg cramp the moment it strikes. […] There aren’t any recommended medications that can prevent leg cramps 100% of the time. However, some prescription medications show a little evidence of preventing leg cramps. […] Ideas for prevention include several activities you may want to do every day: Exercise: Do leg exercises during the day, and mild, brief walking or biking right before bed. Hydration: Drink eight glasses of water each day and avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages. […] Leg cramps don’t have a cure at this time. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to prevent and manage your leg cramps. […] Planning is key. Work with your healthcare provider to develop: A prevention plan that gives you lifestyle tips to keep a cramp from happening. An in-the-moment treatment plan that tells you what to do when a cramp strikes.

• #28 Charley horse Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/charley-horse

  Muscle spasms often occur when a muscle is overused or injured. Things that might bring on a muscle spasm include: Exercising when you have not had enough fluids (you’re dehydrated). Having low levels of minerals such as potassium or calcium. […] When a muscle goes into spasm it feels very tight. It is sometimes described as a knot. The pain can be severe. […] To diagnose a spasm, your health care provider will look for tight or hard muscles that are very tender to the touch. […] Stop your activity and try stretching and massaging the affected muscle at the first sign of a spasm. Heat will relax the muscle at first. Ice may be helpful after the first spasm and when the pain has improved. […] Drinking water or sports drinks when exercising can help ease cramps due to dehydration. If drinking water alone is not enough, salt tablets or sports drinks may help replace minerals in your body.

• #29 Muscle cramps – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/muscle-cramps

  Contact your provider if your muscle cramps: Are severe, Do not go away with simple stretching, Keep coming back, Last a long time. […] Blood tests may be done to check for the following: Calcium, potassium, or magnesium metabolism, Kidney function, Thyroid function. […] Pain medicines may be prescribed.

• #30 Muscle cramps – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/muscle-cramps

  Contact your provider if your muscle cramps: Are severe, Do not go away with simple stretching, Keep coming back, Last a long time. […] Blood tests may be done to check for the following: Calcium, potassium, or magnesium metabolism, Kidney function, Thyroid function. […] Pain medicines may be prescribed.

• #31 Nocturnal Leg Cramps | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0815/p350.html

  Up to 60 percent of adults report that they have had nocturnal leg cramps. The recurrent, painful tightening usually occurs in the calf muscles and can cause severe insomnia. […] Limited evidence supports treating nocturnal leg cramps with exercise and stretching, or with medications such as magnesium, calcium channel blockers, carisoprodol, or vitamin B12. Quinine is no longer recommended to treat leg cramps. […] Leg cramps (charley horses) are a common nocturnal symptom that can be difficult to manage because of uncertainties about etiology, appropriate diagnostic evaluation, and optimal treatment. […] Patient history should be used to diagnose nocturnal leg cramps; routine laboratory tests, such as electrolyte levels, are unnecessary. […] Passive stretching and deep tissue massage may be suggested as a therapeutic trial for nocturnal leg cramps.

• #32 Muscle Cramps – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499895/

  The majority of muscle cramps subside on their own and hence medical treatment is unnecessary. […] The sports nurse should educate patients on proper hydration and stretching prior to any physical activity. […] In all metabolic, neurological, and visceral diseases where one of the symptoms is a cramp, in the rehabilitation field it is customary to perform stretching. […] If after careful evaluation, both observational and after instrumental investigations, the possibility of neurological or other symptoms is excluded, it is possible to give suggestions to the patient, such as correcting unsuitable postural attitudes, recommending stretching regularly, and hydrating if work or sport takes place in hot and humid environments.

• #33

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1331

  A muscle cramp is when a muscle tightens up suddenly. A cramp often happens in the legs. A muscle cramp is also called a muscle spasm or a charley horse. […] Muscle cramps can be treated by stretching and massaging the muscle. If cramps keep coming back, your doctor may prescribe medicine that relaxes your muscles. […] Stretch your muscles every day, especially before and after exercise and at bedtime. Regular stretching can relax your muscles and may prevent cramps. […] When you get a cramp, stretch and massage the muscle. You can also take a warm shower or bath to relax the muscle. A heating pad placed on the muscle can also help. […] You get muscle cramps often that do not go away after home treatment. […] Your muscle cramps often wake you up at night.

• #34 Muscle Cramps: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.muscle-cramps-care-instructions.zc1331

  A muscle cramp occurs when a muscle tightens up suddenly. A muscle cramp is also called a muscle spasm or a charley horse. Muscle cramps usually last less than a minute. However, the pain may last for several minutes. Muscle cramps can be treated by stretching and massaging the muscle. If cramps keep coming back, your doctor may prescribe medicine that relaxes your muscles. […] Stretch your muscles every day, especially before and after exercise and at bedtime. Regular stretching can relax your muscles and may prevent cramps. […] When you get a cramp, stretch and massage the muscle. You can also take a warm shower or bath to relax the muscle. A heating pad placed on the muscle can also help. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You get muscle cramps often that do not go away after home treatment. Your muscle cramps often wake you up at night. You do not get better as expected.

• #35 Muscle cramp – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscle-cramp/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350825

  Self-care measures usually can treat muscle cramps. A health care provider can show you stretching exercises that can reduce the chances of getting muscle cramps. Drinking plenty of fluids can also help prevent muscle cramps. […] If you keep getting cramps that wake you from sleep, a care provider might prescribe medicine to relax muscles or help you sleep. […] See a health care provider if you have muscle cramps often that are severe and not getting better with self-care. […] For muscle cramps, questions to ask your provider might include: What’s likely causing my cramps? […] Your provider is likely to ask you questions, including: How often do you get cramps and how bad are they? […] Stretch the cramped muscle and gently rub it. For a calf cramp, keep the leg straight while pulling the top of your foot on the side that’s cramped toward your face. […] Taking vitamin B complex and other vitamins might help manage leg cramps. Talk to your health care provider about what to take.

• #36 Muscle Spasms (Muscle Cramps): Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/muscle-spasms-muscle-cramps

  If you have chronic muscle cramps, along with other symptoms like pain, muscle weakness or poor coordination, schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider. They can help determine if you have an underlying neurological issue. […] Theres no pill or injection that instantly relieves muscle spasms. But there are things you can do to try and stop muscle cramps fast: Stretch the affected area. Massage the affected area with your hands or a massage roller. Stand up and walk around. Apply heat or ice. Take over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen. […] If you have severe or frequent muscle spasms, a healthcare provider may prescribe muscle relaxers to help ease your symptoms. Muscle relaxers can cause drowsiness, dizziness and nausea. […] Muscle spasms can strike at any time. Because theyre so unpredictable, they can be difficult to prevent.

• #37 7 Remedies for Muscle Cramps: What to Do and When to See a Doctor

  https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/remedies-for-muscle-cramps

  A warm bath or shower can help your cramped muscle loosen up. […] If none of the above remedies help, take a pain reliever like ibuprofen or acetaminophen. […] If your cramp doesn’t get better with self-care or you get frequent muscle cramps, your doctor could prescribe a muscle relaxer. […] Muscle cramps usually only last a short time. But you may want to speak with your doctor if: You have intense pain. […] Muscle cramps that are severe and happen often could be a sign of an issue with your circulation, nerves, or metabolism. […] A few simple changes can you help you try to stop a muscle cramp before it starts: Stay hydrated. […] If your pain is intense or your muscle cramps keep coming back, talk to your doctor.

• #38 Muscle cramps – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/muscle-cramps

  Muscle cramps are when a muscle gets tight (contracts) without you trying to tighten it, and it does not relax. Cramps may involve all or part of one or more muscles. […] Muscle cramps are common and may be stopped by stretching the muscle. The cramping muscle may feel hard or bulging. […] If you have a muscle cramp, stop your activity and try stretching and massaging the muscle. […] Heat will relax the muscle when the spasm begins, but ice may be helpful when the pain has improved. […] If the muscle is still sore, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines can help with pain. If the muscle cramps are severe, your health care provider can prescribe other medicines. […] The most common cause of muscle cramps during sports activity is not getting enough fluids. Often, drinking water will ease the cramping. However, water alone does not always help. Salt tablets or sports drinks, which also replenish lost minerals, can be helpful.

• #39 Muscle Spasms (Muscle Cramps): Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/muscle-spasms-muscle-cramps

  If you have chronic muscle cramps, along with other symptoms like pain, muscle weakness or poor coordination, schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider. They can help determine if you have an underlying neurological issue. […] Theres no pill or injection that instantly relieves muscle spasms. But there are things you can do to try and stop muscle cramps fast: Stretch the affected area. Massage the affected area with your hands or a massage roller. Stand up and walk around. Apply heat or ice. Take over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen. […] If you have severe or frequent muscle spasms, a healthcare provider may prescribe muscle relaxers to help ease your symptoms. Muscle relaxers can cause drowsiness, dizziness and nausea. […] Muscle spasms can strike at any time. Because theyre so unpredictable, they can be difficult to prevent.

• #40 Muscle cramp – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscle-cramp/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350825

  Self-care measures usually can treat muscle cramps. A health care provider can show you stretching exercises that can reduce the chances of getting muscle cramps. Drinking plenty of fluids can also help prevent muscle cramps. […] If you keep getting cramps that wake you from sleep, a care provider might prescribe medicine to relax muscles or help you sleep. […] See a health care provider if you have muscle cramps often that are severe and not getting better with self-care. […] For muscle cramps, questions to ask your provider might include: What’s likely causing my cramps? […] Your provider is likely to ask you questions, including: How often do you get cramps and how bad are they? […] Stretch the cramped muscle and gently rub it. For a calf cramp, keep the leg straight while pulling the top of your foot on the side that’s cramped toward your face. […] Taking vitamin B complex and other vitamins might help manage leg cramps. Talk to your health care provider about what to take.

• #41 Nocturnal Leg Cramps | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0815/p350.html

  Quinine should not be used to treat nocturnal leg cramps. […] Carisoprodol (Soma), diltiazem, gabapentin (Neurontin), magnesium, orphenadrine (Norflex), verapamil, and vitamin B12 complex may be useful in some patients with nocturnal leg cramps. […] No current treatments for leg cramps have been proven both safe and effective. Passive stretching and deep tissue massage are harmless, patient-controlled maneuvers that may be suggested as a therapeutic trial despite limited proof of effectiveness. […] Small studies have shown some benefit from other medications. Because of the low quality of evidence, no medication can be recommended for routine treatment of leg cramps; however, carisoprodol (Soma), diltiazem, gabapentin, orphenadrine (Norflex), verapamil, and vitamin B12 complex may be considered in some patients. […] There is no research on how treating underlying medical conditions impacts the symptom of leg cramps.

• #42 Nocturnal Leg Cramps | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0815/p350.html

  Quinine should not be used to treat nocturnal leg cramps. […] Carisoprodol (Soma), diltiazem, gabapentin (Neurontin), magnesium, orphenadrine (Norflex), verapamil, and vitamin B12 complex may be useful in some patients with nocturnal leg cramps. […] No current treatments for leg cramps have been proven both safe and effective. Passive stretching and deep tissue massage are harmless, patient-controlled maneuvers that may be suggested as a therapeutic trial despite limited proof of effectiveness. […] Small studies have shown some benefit from other medications. Because of the low quality of evidence, no medication can be recommended for routine treatment of leg cramps; however, carisoprodol (Soma), diltiazem, gabapentin, orphenadrine (Norflex), verapamil, and vitamin B12 complex may be considered in some patients. […] There is no research on how treating underlying medical conditions impacts the symptom of leg cramps.

• #43 Muscle cramps – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/569

  Muscle cramps are mostly benign and self-limited, but may also be indicative of a wide variety of potentially serious systemic disorders. […] Non-pharmacological therapy forms the cornerstone of management of muscle cramps in the acute phase. Passive and/or active stretching of the affected muscle(s) is by far the most effective and safest therapy for most acute idiopathic muscle cramps. […] With the exception of drug therapies targeted at underlying/precipitating conditions, there are no proven, specific, effective, and safe drug therapies for muscle cramps. Quinine is used in some countries for the prevention of idiopathic cramps, but is associated with serious side effects (e.g., cardiac arrhythmias, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, blindness). Therapeutic trialling of various medications used for symptomatic benefit is a reasonable approach.

• #44 Muscle Cramps – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499895/

  The majority of muscle cramps subside on their own and hence medical treatment is unnecessary. […] The sports nurse should educate patients on proper hydration and stretching prior to any physical activity. […] In all metabolic, neurological, and visceral diseases where one of the symptoms is a cramp, in the rehabilitation field it is customary to perform stretching. […] If after careful evaluation, both observational and after instrumental investigations, the possibility of neurological or other symptoms is excluded, it is possible to give suggestions to the patient, such as correcting unsuitable postural attitudes, recommending stretching regularly, and hydrating if work or sport takes place in hot and humid environments.

• #45 Nocturnal Muscle Cramps – Patient Education

  https://allnurses.com/nocturnal-muscle-cramps-t749432/

  The following types of medications have nocturnal muscle cramps as a side effect, so be sure to check your patient’s medication list: Statins, Certain blood pressure medications, Diuretics, Certain sleep aids. […] Nurses should also consider these other factors when identifying nocturnal muscle cramps: Aging adults are more likely to experience nocturnal muscle cramps as tendons shorten as a person ages. […] After reporting to the patient’s doctor, you can anticipate applying these interventions and should offer to assist the patient as needed: Ask your patient to flex their foot to stretch the muscle, Have your patient massage the area, Offer the patient a warm cloth to place over the affected area, Offer to untuck the patient’s bed linens near their feet and suggest a change in sleep position, Offer to assist the patient with walking in their room or hallway to stretch the muscles if the patient is able, Obtain an order for pain relieving medication for the patient, such as an NSAID (if applicable) for discomfort that may continue after the initial cramping episode, Encourage oral hydration, but first, be sure to check the patient’s orders for fluid restrictions or NPO status. […] Each patient and situation is unique, so this information will not apply to every patient experiencing nocturnal muscle cramps.

• #46 Nocturnal Muscle Cramps – Patient Education

  https://allnurses.com/nocturnal-muscle-cramps-t749432/

  The following types of medications have nocturnal muscle cramps as a side effect, so be sure to check your patient’s medication list: Statins, Certain blood pressure medications, Diuretics, Certain sleep aids. […] Nurses should also consider these other factors when identifying nocturnal muscle cramps: Aging adults are more likely to experience nocturnal muscle cramps as tendons shorten as a person ages. […] After reporting to the patient’s doctor, you can anticipate applying these interventions and should offer to assist the patient as needed: Ask your patient to flex their foot to stretch the muscle, Have your patient massage the area, Offer the patient a warm cloth to place over the affected area, Offer to untuck the patient’s bed linens near their feet and suggest a change in sleep position, Offer to assist the patient with walking in their room or hallway to stretch the muscles if the patient is able, Obtain an order for pain relieving medication for the patient, such as an NSAID (if applicable) for discomfort that may continue after the initial cramping episode, Encourage oral hydration, but first, be sure to check the patient’s orders for fluid restrictions or NPO status. […] Each patient and situation is unique, so this information will not apply to every patient experiencing nocturnal muscle cramps.

• #47 Muscle Cramps – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499895/

  The majority of muscle cramps subside on their own and hence medical treatment is unnecessary. […] The sports nurse should educate patients on proper hydration and stretching prior to any physical activity. […] In all metabolic, neurological, and visceral diseases where one of the symptoms is a cramp, in the rehabilitation field it is customary to perform stretching. […] If after careful evaluation, both observational and after instrumental investigations, the possibility of neurological or other symptoms is excluded, it is possible to give suggestions to the patient, such as correcting unsuitable postural attitudes, recommending stretching regularly, and hydrating if work or sport takes place in hot and humid environments.

• #48 Coping with Muscle Cramps | American Osteopathic AssociationSearchSearch

  https://osteopathic.org/what-is-osteopathic-medicine/muscle-cramp/

  You can help prevent muscle cramps by doing flexibility exercises before and after your workout to stretch muscle groups most prone to cramping and by drinking plenty of liquids. […] “Fluids help your muscles contract and relax and keep muscle cells hydrated and less irritable,” Dr. Quist explains. […] If you think your muscle cramps are too frequent and severe to be normal, it’s best to see your doctor for an evaluation.

• #49 Muscle cramp – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscle-cramp/symptoms-causes/syc-20350820

  Muscle cramps aren’t usually harmful. Self-care measures can treat most muscle cramps. […] Muscle cramps usually go away on their own. They don’t usually need medical care. However, see a health care provider for cramps that: […] Most muscle cramps are harmless. But some might be related to a medical concern, such as: […] These steps might help prevent cramps: […] Drink plenty of liquids every day. Muscles need fluids to work well. During activity, drink liquids regularly. Keep drinking water or other liquids without caffeine or alcohol after the activity. […] Stretch your muscles. Stretch gently before and after using any muscle for a time. To avoid getting leg cramps at night, stretch before bedtime. Light exercise, such as riding a stationary bicycle for a few minutes before bedtime, also may help prevent cramps while you sleep.

• #50 Healthy Aging: Muscle Cramps & Spasms | MUSC Health | Charleston SC

  https://muschealth.org/medical-services/geriatrics-and-aging/healthy-aging/cramps-and-spasms

  Proper stretching before and after exercise is key to preventing cramps related to exercise. Calf stretching is particularly important before or after exercise. The other important preventive measure is to hydrate before, during, and after the exercise. It is wise to use a diluted electrolyte solution like Gatorade in this prevention strategy. Always exercise in moderation and build up to increased amounts. […] Muscle spasms and cramping are increasingly common as we age. They generally are a benign problem that is self-limited and often preventable. If cramping increases despite good efforts at prevention, consult with your physician.

• #51 Leg Cramps at Night: Causes, Pain Relief & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14170-leg-cramps

  Your healthcare provider will need to know your medical history, medications and a description of what you’re experiencing. […] You want to get rid of a leg cramp the moment it strikes. […] There aren’t any recommended medications that can prevent leg cramps 100% of the time. However, some prescription medications show a little evidence of preventing leg cramps. […] Ideas for prevention include several activities you may want to do every day: Exercise: Do leg exercises during the day, and mild, brief walking or biking right before bed. Hydration: Drink eight glasses of water each day and avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages. […] Leg cramps don’t have a cure at this time. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to prevent and manage your leg cramps. […] Planning is key. Work with your healthcare provider to develop: A prevention plan that gives you lifestyle tips to keep a cramp from happening. An in-the-moment treatment plan that tells you what to do when a cramp strikes.

• #52 Muscle Cramps

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/neuromuscular/muscle-cramps/31559/

  In individuals with prominent dehydration (eg, athletes, malnourished individuals, or members of vulnerable populations), care must be taken to ensure adequate electrolyte-rich solutions, particularly high-salt formulations. […] Regular daily stretching exercise and low-impact aerobic exercise have been shown to be helpful in preventing nocturnal muscle cramps. […] If cramps remain frequent, severe, and disabling, pharmacologic prescription level intervention should be considered. Quinine sulphate is the most studied medication for treatment of muscle cramps. […] There is modest evidence that calcium channel blockers may be effective for cramps, and antiepileptic medications, including carbamazepine, have been found helpful for cramp fasciculation syndrome. […] A rational treatment plan includes pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic options. Additional research into a reliable and validated outcome measure and new treatments for muscle cramps are areas of unmet need.

• #53 Leg Cramps at Night: Causes, Pain Relief & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14170-leg-cramps

  Your healthcare provider will need to know your medical history, medications and a description of what you’re experiencing. […] You want to get rid of a leg cramp the moment it strikes. […] There aren’t any recommended medications that can prevent leg cramps 100% of the time. However, some prescription medications show a little evidence of preventing leg cramps. […] Ideas for prevention include several activities you may want to do every day: Exercise: Do leg exercises during the day, and mild, brief walking or biking right before bed. Hydration: Drink eight glasses of water each day and avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages. […] Leg cramps don’t have a cure at this time. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to prevent and manage your leg cramps. […] Planning is key. Work with your healthcare provider to develop: A prevention plan that gives you lifestyle tips to keep a cramp from happening. An in-the-moment treatment plan that tells you what to do when a cramp strikes.

• #54 How to get rid of muscle cramps in your legs – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/how-to-get-rid-of-muscle-cramps-in-your-legs

  You should be able to treat a cramp on your own, but see a doctor if your cramps are severe, you get them often, or you have other symptoms (like numbness or weakness) along with them. Rarely, cramps can signal a problem with the spine, blood vessels, or liver. […] Most cramps will go away on their own within a few minutes. Massaging or gently stretching the muscle will help it relax. If the cramp begins while lying or sitting, standing up may be all that is needed. Heat is soothing to tense muscles. Apply a heating pad or warm wet washcloth to help loosen up the muscle. […] To avoid leg cramps in the future, drink plenty of fluids before and during exercise. Muscles need fluid to contract and relax properly. Prevent tightness by warming up your leg muscles before you work out with some walking in place or a slow jog. After each workout, stretch out your leg muscles for a few minutes. Do another set of stretches before bed if you tend to get cramps while you sleep.

• #55 Muscle Spasms (Muscle Cramps): Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/muscle-spasms-muscle-cramps

  See your healthcare provider if the spasms are unbearably painful, happen frequently or last for a long time. […] You should call 911 (or your local emergency service number) or go to your nearest emergency room if you have: Unbearable pain. Muscle cramps all over your body. Spasms that began after touching a potentially poisoning substance. […] If youre having frequent muscle spasms, here are some questions you might want to ask your healthcare provider: Should I see a specialist? Could my muscle spasms be a symptom of a disease? Can you show me the best way to stretch my muscles? […] You dont have to just live with muscle spasms. They may be unpredictable, but there are a few steps you can take to soothe them or even prevent them in some cases.

• #56 Muscle cramp | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/muscle-cramp

  A muscle cramp is an uncontrollable and painful spasm of a muscle. […] You can help reduce the duration and severity of cramp by gently stretching the muscle and massaging the area. […] See your doctor if you experience regular muscle cramping or if cramps last longer than a few minutes. […] Regular cramping or severe cramping that lasts longer than a few minutes should always be investigated by your doctor. […] Most muscle cramps resolve after a few seconds or minutes. […] Treatment options include: Stretch and massage lengthen the cramping muscle using a gentle, sustained stretch then lightly massage the area until the cramp subsides. […] See your doctor if you experience regular muscle cramping or if cramps last longer than a few minutes. You may have an undiagnosed medical condition that requires treatment. […] Suggestions on how to reduce the likelihood of muscle cramp include: Increase your level of physical fitness. […] A regular massage may help to reduce muscle tension. […] Your GP (doctor) […] Nurse-on-Call Tel. 1300 60 60 24 for expert health information and advice (24 hours, 7 days).

• #57

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1331

  A muscle cramp is when a muscle tightens up suddenly. A cramp often happens in the legs. A muscle cramp is also called a muscle spasm or a charley horse. […] Muscle cramps can be treated by stretching and massaging the muscle. If cramps keep coming back, your doctor may prescribe medicine that relaxes your muscles. […] Stretch your muscles every day, especially before and after exercise and at bedtime. Regular stretching can relax your muscles and may prevent cramps. […] When you get a cramp, stretch and massage the muscle. You can also take a warm shower or bath to relax the muscle. A heating pad placed on the muscle can also help. […] You get muscle cramps often that do not go away after home treatment. […] Your muscle cramps often wake you up at night.

• #58 Muscle Cramps: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.muscle-cramps-care-instructions.zc1331

  A muscle cramp occurs when a muscle tightens up suddenly. A muscle cramp is also called a muscle spasm or a charley horse. Muscle cramps usually last less than a minute. However, the pain may last for several minutes. Muscle cramps can be treated by stretching and massaging the muscle. If cramps keep coming back, your doctor may prescribe medicine that relaxes your muscles. […] Stretch your muscles every day, especially before and after exercise and at bedtime. Regular stretching can relax your muscles and may prevent cramps. […] When you get a cramp, stretch and massage the muscle. You can also take a warm shower or bath to relax the muscle. A heating pad placed on the muscle can also help. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You get muscle cramps often that do not go away after home treatment. Your muscle cramps often wake you up at night. You do not get better as expected.

• #59 Leg Cramps at Night: Causes, Pain Relief & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14170-leg-cramps

  See a healthcare provider if your leg cramps are unbearably painful, happen frequently or last for a long time. […] Go to the emergency room if a leg cramp lasts longer than 10 minutes or becomes unbearably painful. […] Leg cramps can be unpredictable and agonizing. They can affect your sleep, your exercise routine and your general quality of life. They’re common, very normal and, fortunately, temporary. There are steps you can take to manage them.

• #60 Muscle Spasms (Muscle Cramps): Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/muscle-spasms-muscle-cramps

  See your healthcare provider if the spasms are unbearably painful, happen frequently or last for a long time. […] You should call 911 (or your local emergency service number) or go to your nearest emergency room if you have: Unbearable pain. Muscle cramps all over your body. Spasms that began after touching a potentially poisoning substance. […] If youre having frequent muscle spasms, here are some questions you might want to ask your healthcare provider: Should I see a specialist? Could my muscle spasms be a symptom of a disease? Can you show me the best way to stretch my muscles? […] You dont have to just live with muscle spasms. They may be unpredictable, but there are a few steps you can take to soothe them or even prevent them in some cases.

• #61 Muscle Cramps – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499895/

  Muscle cramps result in continuous, involuntary, painful, and localized contraction of an entire muscle group, individual single muscle, or select muscle fibers. […] Exercise-associated muscle cramps are the most frequent condition requiring medical/therapeutic intervention during sports. […] This activity highlights the importance of collaboration and communication among the interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients suffering from muscle cramps. […] The easiest conservative treatment for healthy subjects and patients is stretching the involved muscle or deep massages. […] Prevention in healthy subjects could involve correct heating before physical activity and adequate hydration. […] Muscle cramps are not life-threatening but they may be indicative of a wide range of systemic disorders.

• #62 Patient Education | Concord Orthopaedics

  https://www.concordortho.com/patient-resources/patient-education/topic/593705cc3829512b2b323c95ead220f9

  Researchers have estimated that marathon runners and triathletes may have a 30 to 67 percent lifetime risk of developing these cramps. […] Cramps can also happen if you use the same muscles in the same way for too long a period. […] Women who are pregnant may also find that they get more muscle cramps during their pregnancy, but the reason why isn’t clear. […] Muscle cramps can also occur as a side effect of medications. […] Skeletal problems can increase the chances of leg cramps. […] Symptomatic cramps are, as the name suggests, symptoms of an illness that may be causing the cramping. […] Finally, idiopathic muscle cramps are cramps that have no known cause but they are symptoms of a disease, or can be inherited. […] Symptoms […] Muscle cramps are painful, there’s no doubt about it.

• #63 Healthy Aging: Muscle Cramps & Spasms | MUSC Health | Charleston SC

  https://muschealth.org/medical-services/geriatrics-and-aging/healthy-aging/cramps-and-spasms

  Proper stretching before and after exercise is key to preventing cramps related to exercise. Calf stretching is particularly important before or after exercise. The other important preventive measure is to hydrate before, during, and after the exercise. It is wise to use a diluted electrolyte solution like Gatorade in this prevention strategy. Always exercise in moderation and build up to increased amounts. […] Muscle spasms and cramping are increasingly common as we age. They generally are a benign problem that is self-limited and often preventable. If cramping increases despite good efforts at prevention, consult with your physician.

• #64 Healthy Aging: Muscle Cramps & Spasms | MUSC Health | Charleston SC

  https://muschealth.org/medical-services/geriatrics-and-aging/healthy-aging/cramps-and-spasms

  Proper stretching before and after exercise is key to preventing cramps related to exercise. Calf stretching is particularly important before or after exercise. The other important preventive measure is to hydrate before, during, and after the exercise. It is wise to use a diluted electrolyte solution like Gatorade in this prevention strategy. Always exercise in moderation and build up to increased amounts. […] Muscle spasms and cramping are increasingly common as we age. They generally are a benign problem that is self-limited and often preventable. If cramping increases despite good efforts at prevention, consult with your physician.

• #65 Leg Cramps at Night: Causes, Pain Relief & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14170-leg-cramps

  Leg cramps are painful, involuntary muscle contractions that can last seconds or minutes. They can affect your sleep, exercise routine and general quality of life. When a leg cramp happens, try flexing the muscle, applying heat or ice and massaging the area. […] Leg cramps are sudden, involuntary, intense muscle spasms, usually in your calf, foot or thigh. You might also know them as charley horses. Sometimes, the cramp may cause your leg muscles to contract to tighten uncontrollably. Although painful to live with, cramps in your legs are generally harmless. […] Muscle cramps in your legs can last from several seconds to several minutes. […] The older you are, the more likely you are to have leg cramps. This is because your tendons (the tissues that connect your muscles to your bones) naturally shorten as you age.

• #66 Painful Leg Cramps Can Stop You in Your Tracks | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/blog/articles/2023/06/painful-leg-cramps-can-stop-you-in-your-tracks

  Leg cramps can strike at any time while walking, running, sitting, even sleeping. Suddenly the muscles in your calf or thigh seize up and become locked in a contracted position, causing intense pain that can last from a few seconds to ten minutes or more. Once the spasm has passed, some people may experience muscle soreness for hours or days afterwards. […] Muscle spasms in the legs are quite common and can occur in people of any age however, they are more prevalent in older adults, with nearly 60 percent of people over 50 reporting having leg cramps either occasionally or with some frequency, says Lauren Hadney, DO, internal medicine specialist at University Hospitals. […] When a leg cramp strikes, the pain can be intense you just want it to stop. However, the bodys natural reaction to pain is stress and anxiety, which causes further tension in the muscles and can make the problem worse. Its important to try to relax and breathe through the pain. And, although it might be difficult, standing up to walk and putting weight on the affected leg may help the pain recede more quickly. Other tips include:

• #67 Relieving Aches & Pains: Helping Seniors With Muscle Cramps

  https://www.afcsnc.com/relieving-aches-pains-helping-seniors-with-muscle-cramps/

  Here are some ways that the right support from loved ones and the home care team can help seniors in many ways when dealing with muscle cramps. […] One problem that bothers many seniors is muscle cramps. These painful, uncontrollable muscle twitches can cause them to struggle in their daily tasks and make it hard to get a good nights sleep. The good news is that there are tips the home care team can offer to help seniors prevent and treat muscle cramps in many instances. […] Because of changes in their bodies, older people are more likely to become dehydrated. Dehydration can cause muscle cramps, so its important to drink enough water. When seniors struggle with this, the home care team is there to gently encourage them and monitor them to ensure their daily intake is consistent. […] As a side effect, some medicines can make muscle cramps worse. Since seniors often take more than one, its important to keep an eye on how their medications combine with each other and which one might be causing issues.

• #68 Relieving Aches & Pains: Helping Seniors With Muscle Cramps

  https://www.afcsnc.com/relieving-aches-pains-helping-seniors-with-muscle-cramps/

  This kind of inactive living can make their muscles weak and give them cramps. While the last thing they might want to do is move, its crucial to keep the cramps at bay and for their overall health. With home care in the home, they gain the encouragement needed to get up and move throughout the day. […] Older people may not have enough of some minerals, like potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which can make muscle cramps more likely. To assess if this is the case, they can talk with their medical team about their diet and changes that can be made or about supplements to inquire if they might help. […] Long-term health issues like diabetes, peripheral artery disease, and kidney problems can make muscle cramps worse in older people. […] When loved ones, home care, and the medical team work together, they can help seniors recognize cramp triggers and take steps toward preventing them. They can also provide much-needed treatment, especially when seniors are in a large amount of pain.

• #69 Primary care approach to calf cramps

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9875875/

  Medical pathologies associated with nocturnal leg cramps are peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, liver cirrhosis, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and haemodialysis, cancer treatment, lumbar canal stenosis, peripheral neuropathy, pregnancy, electrolyte disturbances and dehydration. […] For the treatment of nocturnal leg cramps, systematic reviews have demonstrated the efficacy of quinine in reducing the frequency and intensity of nocturnal leg cramps as compared with placebo. […] Stretching of the hamstring and calf muscles can aid in the relief of nocturnal leg cramps. […] Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a reversible increase in intramuscular pressure within an inelastic fascial compartment. […] The first-line treatment for suspected cases of CECS is conservative management. It is recommended that aggravating activities that bring on symptoms should be decreased or ceased. […] Patients with persistent symptoms despite initial conservative management should be referred to a Sports Medicine physician for compartment testing. […] Referral to a Sports Medicine physician should be considered if symptoms are recurrent and debilitating.

• #70 Dialysis Patients and Muscle Cramps

  https://www.freseniuskidneycare.com/thrive-central/how-to-prevent-dialysis-related-muscle-cramps

  If you notice these signs or begin to have muscle cramps during dialysis, let a member of your care team know right away. […] The most frequent causes of dialysis muscle cramps include rapid or excessive fluid removal, intradialytic hypotension (low blood pressure during dialysis), and electrolyte disturbances. […] These steps may reduce or prevent dialysis muscle cramps: Longer or more frequent treatments If prescribed by your doctor, extending dialysis time or receiving therapy more frequently each week can lower your UF rate, helping decrease the risk of cramping. […] Muscle cramps during dialysis are painful. They can make people feel apprehensive about their treatments and are sometimes severe enough that therapy must be cut short. But changes to your diet, fluid intake, dialysis prescription, and other factors may help prevent or relieve the discomfort associated with cramping. If you are having muscle cramps during dialysis, talk to a member of your dialysis care team. They know you and your dialysis routine and can help you find the best ways to overcome cramping.

• #71 Muscle cramps and dystonia | Parkinson’s UK

  https://www.parkinsons.org.uk/information-and-support/muscle-cramps-and-dystonia

  Anyone can experience muscle cramps but they are more common in people with Parkinsons. […] Youre most likely to get muscle cramps in your legs, especially in your calf muscle at the back of your leg. You may also experience cramps in muscles in your feet or thighs. […] Muscle cramps happen when your muscles shorten more than they are used to, or when they suddenly tighten, causing sharp pain. […] A cramp usually lasts a few seconds but it can last up to 10 minutes. Your muscles can feel tender for up to 24 hours afterwards. […] Most muscle cramps happen before you can do anything to stop them, but there are lots of things that can help ease them. […] You may find it helpful to try the following: stretching, massaging your muscles, raising your feet in bed using a pillow, or raising the foot of the bed.

• #72 Dialysis Patients and Muscle Cramps

  https://www.freseniuskidneycare.com/thrive-central/how-to-prevent-dialysis-related-muscle-cramps

  If you notice these signs or begin to have muscle cramps during dialysis, let a member of your care team know right away. […] The most frequent causes of dialysis muscle cramps include rapid or excessive fluid removal, intradialytic hypotension (low blood pressure during dialysis), and electrolyte disturbances. […] These steps may reduce or prevent dialysis muscle cramps: Longer or more frequent treatments If prescribed by your doctor, extending dialysis time or receiving therapy more frequently each week can lower your UF rate, helping decrease the risk of cramping. […] Muscle cramps during dialysis are painful. They can make people feel apprehensive about their treatments and are sometimes severe enough that therapy must be cut short. But changes to your diet, fluid intake, dialysis prescription, and other factors may help prevent or relieve the discomfort associated with cramping. If you are having muscle cramps during dialysis, talk to a member of your dialysis care team. They know you and your dialysis routine and can help you find the best ways to overcome cramping.

• #73 Dialysis Patients and Muscle Cramps

  https://www.freseniuskidneycare.com/thrive-central/how-to-prevent-dialysis-related-muscle-cramps

  If you notice these signs or begin to have muscle cramps during dialysis, let a member of your care team know right away. […] The most frequent causes of dialysis muscle cramps include rapid or excessive fluid removal, intradialytic hypotension (low blood pressure during dialysis), and electrolyte disturbances. […] These steps may reduce or prevent dialysis muscle cramps: Longer or more frequent treatments If prescribed by your doctor, extending dialysis time or receiving therapy more frequently each week can lower your UF rate, helping decrease the risk of cramping. […] Muscle cramps during dialysis are painful. They can make people feel apprehensive about their treatments and are sometimes severe enough that therapy must be cut short. But changes to your diet, fluid intake, dialysis prescription, and other factors may help prevent or relieve the discomfort associated with cramping. If you are having muscle cramps during dialysis, talk to a member of your dialysis care team. They know you and your dialysis routine and can help you find the best ways to overcome cramping.

• #74 Leg Cramps and Cancer: What’s the Connection?

  https://www.cancercenter.com/integrative-care/leg-cramps

  Make sure you’re well-hydrated. Your care team should help you correct any dehydration or electrolyte imbalance, which may include supplements. […] If your muscle cramps are severe or frequent, your doctor may prescribe a temporary muscle relaxant or a prescription pain medication. […] There are a few things to watch out for, as these may be signs of other health issues. These include: […] If any of these things happen to you or a loved one, call the doctor. If symptoms combine—such as you’re feeling lightheaded, have a racing heart rate, coughing and pain in the chest, back, arm, shoulder or jaw—go to the emergency room right away.

• #75 Muscle Cramps – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499895/

  The majority of muscle cramps subside on their own and hence medical treatment is unnecessary. […] The sports nurse should educate patients on proper hydration and stretching prior to any physical activity. […] In all metabolic, neurological, and visceral diseases where one of the symptoms is a cramp, in the rehabilitation field it is customary to perform stretching. […] If after careful evaluation, both observational and after instrumental investigations, the possibility of neurological or other symptoms is excluded, it is possible to give suggestions to the patient, such as correcting unsuitable postural attitudes, recommending stretching regularly, and hydrating if work or sport takes place in hot and humid environments.

• #76 Muscle Cramp – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/muscle-cramp.html

  A muscle cramp is a sudden, sharp pain or spasm in a muscle. It lasts from a few seconds to a few minutes. Muscle cramps most often occur in the legs or feet. They are also common along the ribs and in the arms and hands. […] Muscle cramps often go away without any treatment. You can do the following to help relieve a cramp: Stop the activity that caused the muscle cramp. Stretch or massage your muscle until the cramp goes away. Apply ice to decrease swelling and pain. Use an ice pack, or put crushed ice in a plastic bag. Cover the bag with a towel before you place it on your sore muscles. Apply ice for 15 to 20 minutes every hour, or as directed. Apply heat to decrease pain and muscle spasms. Apply heat for 20 to 30 minutes every 2 hours for as many days as directed. […] Stretch your muscles. Stretch 3 times daily, including before bedtime and before exercise. Stretch briefly, and then release each stretch. Do not stretch so far that you feel pain. Daily stretches will relax your muscles and increase flexibility. Ask your healthcare provider for instructions on muscle stretches that are right for you. […] You have the right to help plan your care. Learn about your health condition and how it may be treated. Discuss treatment options with your healthcare providers to decide what care you want to receive. You always have the right to refuse treatment.

• #77 Muscle Cramp – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/muscle-cramp.html

  A muscle cramp is a sudden, sharp pain or spasm in a muscle. It lasts from a few seconds to a few minutes. Muscle cramps most often occur in the legs or feet. They are also common along the ribs and in the arms and hands. […] Muscle cramps often go away without any treatment. You can do the following to help relieve a cramp: Stop the activity that caused the muscle cramp. Stretch or massage your muscle until the cramp goes away. Apply ice to decrease swelling and pain. Use an ice pack, or put crushed ice in a plastic bag. Cover the bag with a towel before you place it on your sore muscles. Apply ice for 15 to 20 minutes every hour, or as directed. Apply heat to decrease pain and muscle spasms. Apply heat for 20 to 30 minutes every 2 hours for as many days as directed. […] Stretch your muscles. Stretch 3 times daily, including before bedtime and before exercise. Stretch briefly, and then release each stretch. Do not stretch so far that you feel pain. Daily stretches will relax your muscles and increase flexibility. Ask your healthcare provider for instructions on muscle stretches that are right for you. […] You have the right to help plan your care. Learn about your health condition and how it may be treated. Discuss treatment options with your healthcare providers to decide what care you want to receive. You always have the right to refuse treatment.

• #78 Coping with Muscle Cramps – Find a DO | Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine

  https://findado.osteopathic.org/coping-with-muscle-cramps

  To prevent muscle cramps, Dr. Quist advises to work toward better overall fitness. She also offers the following important tips: Stretch before and after working out, particularly those muscle groups most prone to cramping. Stay hydrated by drinking water throughout the day. Drink fluids before, during and after your activity.

• #79 Muscle Spasms (Muscle Cramps): Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/muscle-spasms-muscle-cramps

  See your healthcare provider if the spasms are unbearably painful, happen frequently or last for a long time. […] You should call 911 (or your local emergency service number) or go to your nearest emergency room if you have: Unbearable pain. Muscle cramps all over your body. Spasms that began after touching a potentially poisoning substance. […] If youre having frequent muscle spasms, here are some questions you might want to ask your healthcare provider: Should I see a specialist? Could my muscle spasms be a symptom of a disease? Can you show me the best way to stretch my muscles? […] You dont have to just live with muscle spasms. They may be unpredictable, but there are a few steps you can take to soothe them or even prevent them in some cases.

• #80 Muscle Spasms (Muscle Cramps): Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/muscle-spasms-muscle-cramps

  See your healthcare provider if the spasms are unbearably painful, happen frequently or last for a long time. […] You should call 911 (or your local emergency service number) or go to your nearest emergency room if you have: Unbearable pain. Muscle cramps all over your body. Spasms that began after touching a potentially poisoning substance. […] If youre having frequent muscle spasms, here are some questions you might want to ask your healthcare provider: Should I see a specialist? Could my muscle spasms be a symptom of a disease? Can you show me the best way to stretch my muscles? […] You dont have to just live with muscle spasms. They may be unpredictable, but there are a few steps you can take to soothe them or even prevent them in some cases.

• #81 Muscle Spasms (Muscle Cramps): Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/muscle-spasms-muscle-cramps

  See your healthcare provider if the spasms are unbearably painful, happen frequently or last for a long time. […] You should call 911 (or your local emergency service number) or go to your nearest emergency room if you have: Unbearable pain. Muscle cramps all over your body. Spasms that began after touching a potentially poisoning substance. […] If youre having frequent muscle spasms, here are some questions you might want to ask your healthcare provider: Should I see a specialist? Could my muscle spasms be a symptom of a disease? Can you show me the best way to stretch my muscles? […] You dont have to just live with muscle spasms. They may be unpredictable, but there are a few steps you can take to soothe them or even prevent them in some cases.

• #82 Muscle cramps – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/569

  Muscle cramps are mostly benign and self-limited, but may also be indicative of a wide variety of potentially serious systemic disorders. […] Non-pharmacological therapy forms the cornerstone of management of muscle cramps in the acute phase. Passive and/or active stretching of the affected muscle(s) is by far the most effective and safest therapy for most acute idiopathic muscle cramps. […] With the exception of drug therapies targeted at underlying/precipitating conditions, there are no proven, specific, effective, and safe drug therapies for muscle cramps. Quinine is used in some countries for the prevention of idiopathic cramps, but is associated with serious side effects (e.g., cardiac arrhythmias, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, blindness). Therapeutic trialling of various medications used for symptomatic benefit is a reasonable approach.

• #83 CE Activity | Muscle Cramps | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/102925

  Muscle cramps result in continuous, involuntary, painful, and localized contraction of an entire muscle group, individual single muscle, or select muscle fibers. […] Exercise-associated muscle cramps are the most frequent condition requiring medical/therapeutic intervention during sports. […] This activity highlights the importance of collaboration and communication among the interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients suffering from muscle cramps. […] At the conclusion of this activity, the learner will be better able to: Describe the diagnostic approach for evaluating a patient who presents with muscle cramping. […] Outline the various management strategies that can be employed for a patient with muscle cramps. […] Summarize the importance of collaboration and communication among the interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients suffering from muscle cramps.

• #84 CE Activity | Muscle Cramps | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/102925

  Muscle cramps result in continuous, involuntary, painful, and localized contraction of an entire muscle group, individual single muscle, or select muscle fibers. […] Exercise-associated muscle cramps are the most frequent condition requiring medical/therapeutic intervention during sports. […] This activity highlights the importance of collaboration and communication among the interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients suffering from muscle cramps. […] At the conclusion of this activity, the learner will be better able to: Describe the diagnostic approach for evaluating a patient who presents with muscle cramping. […] Outline the various management strategies that can be employed for a patient with muscle cramps. […] Summarize the importance of collaboration and communication among the interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients suffering from muscle cramps.

• #85 Muscle Cramps – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499895/

  The majority of muscle cramps subside on their own and hence medical treatment is unnecessary. […] The sports nurse should educate patients on proper hydration and stretching prior to any physical activity. […] In all metabolic, neurological, and visceral diseases where one of the symptoms is a cramp, in the rehabilitation field it is customary to perform stretching. […] If after careful evaluation, both observational and after instrumental investigations, the possibility of neurological or other symptoms is excluded, it is possible to give suggestions to the patient, such as correcting unsuitable postural attitudes, recommending stretching regularly, and hydrating if work or sport takes place in hot and humid environments.

• #86 Nocturnal Muscle Cramps – Patient Education

  https://allnurses.com/nocturnal-muscle-cramps-t749432/

  The following types of medications have nocturnal muscle cramps as a side effect, so be sure to check your patient’s medication list: Statins, Certain blood pressure medications, Diuretics, Certain sleep aids. […] Nurses should also consider these other factors when identifying nocturnal muscle cramps: Aging adults are more likely to experience nocturnal muscle cramps as tendons shorten as a person ages. […] After reporting to the patient’s doctor, you can anticipate applying these interventions and should offer to assist the patient as needed: Ask your patient to flex their foot to stretch the muscle, Have your patient massage the area, Offer the patient a warm cloth to place over the affected area, Offer to untuck the patient’s bed linens near their feet and suggest a change in sleep position, Offer to assist the patient with walking in their room or hallway to stretch the muscles if the patient is able, Obtain an order for pain relieving medication for the patient, such as an NSAID (if applicable) for discomfort that may continue after the initial cramping episode, Encourage oral hydration, but first, be sure to check the patient’s orders for fluid restrictions or NPO status. […] Each patient and situation is unique, so this information will not apply to every patient experiencing nocturnal muscle cramps.

• #87 Muscle Cramps – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499895/

  Muscle cramps result in continuous, involuntary, painful, and localized contraction of an entire muscle group, individual single muscle, or select muscle fibers. […] Exercise-associated muscle cramps are the most frequent condition requiring medical/therapeutic intervention during sports. […] This activity highlights the importance of collaboration and communication among the interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients suffering from muscle cramps. […] The easiest conservative treatment for healthy subjects and patients is stretching the involved muscle or deep massages. […] Prevention in healthy subjects could involve correct heating before physical activity and adequate hydration. […] Muscle cramps are not life-threatening but they may be indicative of a wide range of systemic disorders.

• #88 Muscle Cramps Nursing Care Plan – Planning for Care

  https://planningforcare.co.uk/product/muscle-cramps/

  Muscle cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions which can occur in muscles. These contractions are often painful. The most commonly affected muscles include those in the lower leg and, the thigh. They can also be experienced in the abdominal wall, arms, hands, and feet. […] The Muscle Cramps Care Plan sets out a clear explanation of the resident’s issue, and will quickly guide the nurse or carer through the process of preparing a comprehensive, individual person centred Care Plan. […] Muscle Cramps Nursing Care Plan Features: Identifies symptoms experienced. Details a comprehensive plan of care. Identifies associated issues experienced.

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