Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Diabetes-Related Retinopathy: Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8591-diabetic-retinopathy

  Diabetes-related retinopathy is treatable but not curable. Some of the symptoms or retinal changes are treatable. But certain types of damage aren’t reversible once they become severe enough. […] The two main approaches are managing your diabetes and eye treatments. Your provider will recommend treatments for both of them. […] Key parts of managing your diabetes include: Monitoring your blood sugar. You can do this with blood glucose testing methods, like finger-stick testing or devices that can provide continuous glucose monitoring. […] Eye treatments focus on managing vision and eye symptoms and limiting or slowing retinal damage. Some specific treatments for diabetes-related retinopathy include: Medications. Examples include anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs or corticosteroids. Your eye doctor can explain other available medication options.

• #1 Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Glucose Control, Aspirin Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1225122-treatment

  Controlling diabetes and maintaining the HbA1c level in the 6-7% range are the goals in the optimal management of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. If the levels are maintained, then the progression of diabetic retinopathy is reduced substantially, according to The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. […] The Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study has found that laser surgery for macular edema reduces the incidence of moderate visual loss (doubling of visual angle or roughly a 2-line visual loss) from 30% to 15% over a 3-year period. […] Two-year results from the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research network (DRCR.net) Randomized Trial Evaluating Ranibizumab Plus Prompt or Deferred Laser or Triamcinolone Plus Prompt Laser for Diabetic Macular Edema, known as the Laser-Ranibizumab-Triamcinolone for DME Study, demonstrated that ranibizumab paired with prompt or deferred focal/grid laser treatment achieved superior visual acuity and optical coherence tomography (OCT) outcomes compared with focal/grid laser treatment alone.

• #1 Diabetic retinopathy – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-retinopathy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371617

  Treatment, which depends largely on the type of diabetic retinopathy you have and how severe it is, is geared to slowing or stopping the progression. […] If you have proliferative diabetic retinopathy or macular edema, you’ll need prompt treatment. Depending on the specific problems with your retina, options might include: […] Injecting medications into the eye. These medications, called vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, are injected into the vitreous of the eye. They help stop growth of new blood vessels and decrease fluid buildup. […] Photocoagulation. This laser treatment, also known as focal laser treatment, can stop or slow the leakage of blood and fluid in the eye. During the procedure, leaks from abnormal blood vessels are treated with laser burns. […] Panretinal photocoagulation. This laser treatment, also known as scatter laser treatment, can shrink the abnormal blood vessels.

• #1 Diabetic Retinopathy

  https://www.asrs.org/diabeticretinopathy

  As a result of major government- and industrysponsored studies, there are many approved treatments for diabetic retinopathy, including intravitreal injections (small injections of medications into the middle cavity of the eye), laser treatments, and vitreous and retina surgery. These procedures can be done in an office or hospital setting to prevent, treat, or reverse damage from diabetes in the retina. […] Research has shown that eye injections often result in better vision than laser treatment alone for patients with diabetic macular edema. The key to these treatments is their ability to block vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a chemical signal that stimulates leakage and abnormal blood vessel growth. Repeated doses of anti-VEGF medications into the eye, such as Lucentis (ranibizumab), Avastin (bevacizumab), Eylea (aflibercept) and Vabysmo (faricimab) may be needed to prevent blood vessels from leaking fluid and causing vision loss. Some eyes with diabetic macular edema respond better to intravitreal steroid injections (triamcinolone or Ozurdex dexamethason implant) than anti-VEGF injections. When proliferative diabetic retinopathy develops, this is treated with a laser treatment called panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and possibly anti- EGF injections. Vitrectomy surgery (removal of the vitreous) may be used in eyes with vitreous hemorrhage or severe scar tissue on the retina (epiretinal membrane or traction retinal detachment). […] If you have been diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy or diabetes and have vision loss that cannot be reversed, a retina specialist can help you find access to rehabilitation with a variety of tools to make everyday living with this disease a little bit easier.

• #1 Diabetic Retinopathy, Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment, Diabetes Eyes

  https://www.willseye.org/disease-diabetic-retinopathy/

  Wills Eye retina doctors are leading experts in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy with the latest clinical trials and new therapeutic approaches for this disease. […] Keeping blood glucose levels down to as normal as possible reduces the degree and rate of progression of diabetic retinopathy and other diabetic complications in the body. […] Medicines injected into the eye such as anti-VEGF drugs (eg. Lucentis, Eylea, Vabysmo, and Avastin) and steroids (eg. Triamcinolone, Ozudex, and Iluvien) are now commonly used to treat diabetic macular edema and some of the proliferative manifestations of the condition. The anti-VEGF agents are generally considered first line therapy for treating most cases. Repeat injections may be necessary for long-term control of the retinopathy. […] People with diabetic retinopathy may require vitrectomy surgery in an operating room setting. A vitrectomy is performed when there is bleeding or retinal traction that is causing loss of vision in people with advanced diabetic retinopathy.

• #1 Treatment of diabetic retinopathy: Recent advances and unresolved challenges

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4999649/

  Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. Remarkable advances in the diagnosis and treatment of DR have been made during the past 30 years, but several important management questions and treatment deficiencies remain unanswered. The introduction and rapid adoption of intravitreal pharmacologic agents, particularly drugs that block the actions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and corticosteroids, have changed the goal of DR treatment from stabilization of vision to improvement. Anti-VEGF injections improve visual acuity in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) from 8-12 letters and improvements with corticosteroids are only slightly less. Unfortunately, a third of patients have an incomplete response to anti-VEGF therapy, but the best second-line therapy remains unknown. Current first-line therapy requires monthly visits and injections; longer acting therapies are needed to free up healthcare resources and improve patient compliance. VEGF suppression may be as effective as panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but more studies are needed before PRP is abandoned. For over 30 years laser was the mainstay for the treatment of DME, but recent studies question its role in the pharmacologic era. Aggressive treatment improves vision in most patients, but many still do not achieve reading and driving vision. New drugs are needed to add to gains achieved with available therapies.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetic-retinopathy/treatment/

  Laser treatment is used to treat new blood vessels at the back of the eyes in the advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy. […] Treatment can help stabilise the changes in your eyes caused by your diabetes and stop your vision getting any worse, although it will not usually improve your sight. […] In some cases of diabetic maculopathy, injections of a medicine called anti-VEGF may be given directly into your eyes to prevent new blood vessels forming at the back of the eyes. […] These can help stop the problems in your eyes getting worse, and may also lead to an improvement in your vision. […] If you cannot have anti-VEGF injections or they have not worked for you, you may be offered an eye implant called an intravitreal implant (brand name Ozurdex) containing a steroid medicine called dexamethasone.

• #1 Treatment for diabetic retinopathy – Macular Disease Foundation Australia Macular Disease Foundation Australia

  https://www.mdfoundation.com.au/about-macular-disease/diabetic-eye-disease/treatment-for-diabetic-retinopathy/

  For most people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, laser treatment is the most effective treatment. Laser treatment is also known as panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). PRP treatment has been shown to halve the risk of severe vision loss in people with PDR. […] PRP laser treatment can also reduce the production of a protein called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is predominantly responsible for the abnormal growth of blood vessels and fluid leakage under the retina. […] An intravitreal injection (sometimes referred to as IVI or an eye injection) involves the injection of a medication into the eye. This is usually an anti-inflammatory steroid, or a medication that blocks VEGF (these are often referred to as anti-VEGF). […] IVI is often used to treat diabetic macular oedema. In many cases, these injections can stabilise or improve vision. Intravitreal anti-VEGFs may sometimes be used to treat PDR.

• #1 Laser Therapy for Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema – Retina Today

  https://retinatoday.com/articles/2017-may-june/laser-therapy-for-diabetic-retinopathy-and-diabetic-macular-edema

  Laser still plays an important role in the treatment of diabetic eye disease, despite the popularity of anti-VEGF agents. […] For decades, laser photocoagulation was the first-line therapy for both diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). […] Laser has a place as both first- and second-line therapy for DME, but it should always be combined with good glycemic control (HbA1C of 7% or less). […] In eyes with vitreous hemorrhage as a complication of PDR, laser can help to prevent further vitreous hemorrhage by halting the proliferation of fibrovascular tissue and the progression of tractional retinal detachment (TRD). […] It is clear, therefore, that laser can still play an important role in the treatment of diabetic eye disease. […] Laser photocoagulation is still first-line therapy in the management of PDR, as described in the ETDRS more than 25 years ago.

• #1 Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment

  https://www.summiteyekc.com/blog/diabetic-retinopathy-treatment

  Corticosteroids: Steroids can either be injected or implanted into the eye. There use increases the risk of cataract and glaucoma. Thus, these patients need to be monitored for increased intraocular pressure that can cause glaucoma. […] Proliferative diabetic retinopathy also has different treatment options depending on the situation. […] Anti-VEGF Injection Therapy: These medications are injected into the vitreous gel that fills the back 2/3 of the eye. They help to reverse the growth and development of abnormal blood vessels that lead to proliferative changes. They also help to decrease the fluid in the retina. Most people require monthly injections for the first 6 months of treatment. The frequency of injections after that depends on how the eye is responding to the treatment. […] Panretinal Laser Surgery: This involves making 1,000 2,000 tiny laser burns in the peripheral retina, away from the macula. The goal of these laser burns is to cause the new blood vessels to shrink. This treatment does preserve central vision, but it may cause the loss of some peripheral, color and night vision. […] Vitrectomy: This is the surgical removal of the vitreous gel that fills the back 2/3 of the eye. This is used to treat severe bleeding into the vitreous. It performed under local or general anesthesia.

• #1 Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Glucose Control, Aspirin Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1225122-treatment

  The Diabetic Retinopathy Study has found that adequate scatter laser panretinal photocoagulation reduces the risk of severe visual loss ( 5/200) by more than 50%. […] The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial has found that intensive glucose control in patients with type 1 diabetes decreases the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. […] The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), which involved newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, revealed that the risk of retinopathy was reduced through both improved glycemic control and improved blood pressure control. […] The Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study found that 650 mg of aspirin daily did not offer any benefit in preventing the progression of diabetes mellitus retinopathy. […] In large phase III clinical trials, intravitreal injections of ovine hyaluronidase (Vitrase) have been shown to be safe and to have modest efficacy for the clearance of severe vitreous hemorrhage.

• #1 Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Glucose Control, Aspirin Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1225122-treatment

  In a DRCR.net clinical trial comparing Eylea (aflibercept), Lucentis (ranibizumab), and Avastin (bevacizumab) for diabetic macular edema (DME), aflibercept provided greater visual improvement, on average, than did the other 2 drugs for vision of 20/50 or worse at the start of the trial. […] The advent of laser photocoagulation in the 1960s and early 1970s provided a noninvasive treatment modality that has a relatively low complication rate and a significant degree of success. […] Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is the preferred form of treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). […] Vitrectomy may be necessary in cases of long-standing vitreous hemorrhage (where visualization of the status of the posterior pole is too difficult), tractional retinal detachment, and combined tractional and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

• #1 Diabetic retinopathy – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-retinopathy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371617

  Vitrectomy. This procedure uses a tiny incision in your eye to remove blood from the middle of the eye (vitreous) as well as scar tissue that’s tugging on the retina. […] While treatment can slow or stop the progression of diabetic retinopathy, it’s not a cure. Because diabetes is a lifelong condition, future retinal damage and vision loss are still possible. […] Even after treatment for diabetic retinopathy, you’ll need regular eye exams. At some point, you might need additional treatment.

• #1 Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment: Best Therapies & Advances | Norlase

  https://norlase.com/diabetic-retinopathy-treatment/

  (3) Vitreoretinal surgery. Vitrectomy is required for PDR when there is severe vitreous hemorrhage persisting beyond 3 months or tractional retinal detachment that is encroaching on the macula. […] (4) Cryotherapy. Anterior peripheral retinal cryotherapy, treatment that involves the use of freezing or near-freezing temperatures, has been discussed as a method of preventing vitreous hemorrhage in patients with PDR. […] (5) Recent and future advances. As more is learned about the protective factors at play in DR, research is looking at new therapeutic strategies that could center on stimulating endogenous mechanisms. […] (6) Alternative treatments and homeopathy. A review of herbal medicine for DR has not shown evidence that any of these compounds provide benefits.

• #1 Diabetic Retinopathy – Eye Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/eye-disorders/retinal-disorders/diabetic-retinopathy

  In select cases of severe nonproliferative retinopathy, panretinal laser photocoagulation may be used; however, usually panretinal laser photocoagulation can be delayed until proliferative retinopathy develops. […] Proliferative diabetic retinopathy with high-risk characteristics of vitreous hemorrhage, extensive preretinal neovascularization, or anterior segment neovascularization/neovascular glaucoma should be treated with panretinal laser photocoagulation. […] Studies have also supported the use of intravitreal anti-VEGF medications in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. […] Vitrectomy can help preserve and often restore lost vision in patients with any of the following: Persistent vitreous hemorrhage, Extensive preretinal membrane formation, Traction retinal detachment, Recalcitrant diabetic macular edema.

• #1

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/diabetic-retinopathy/treatment/

  If you have diabetic maculopathy (leakage), you may get medicine injected into your eye. The medicine, called anti-VEGF, treats and prevents leakage at the macula. […] These injections can help stop the problems in your eye getting worse. It usually leads to an improvement in your vision. […] Surgery may be carried out to remove some of the vitreous jelly from the eye. […] The operation, called a vitrectomy, may be needed if: a large amount of blood has collected in your eye, there is a lot of scar tissue that can cause retinal detachment, there is disturbance of the macula (the sensitive part of the retina responsible for fine vision). […] Possible risks of vitrectomy include: developing a cataract, further bleeding into the eye, retinal detachment, fluid build-up in the cornea (the outer layer at the front of the eye), infection in the eye.

• #1 Diabetic Retinopathy: Planning Your Treatment

  https://www.reviewofophthalmology.com/article/diabetic-retinopathy-planning-your-treatment

  Treatment depends on severity, and ranges from observation to intravitreal injection or laser photocoagulation. […] Treatment for nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy depends on severity. Assuming there’s no diabetic macular edema, most cases of mild NPDR can be observed. More advanced cases-moderately severe to severe NPDR can be considered for treatment, which typically includes intravitreal injection or laser photocoagulation. […] Whether to use injection or laser, as well as the length of treatment, is up for debate. […] I would consider anti-VEGF therapy in these patients. […] Chicagos Jennifer Lim, MD, agrees that patients with mild cases of NPDR shouldn’t be treated unless there is clinically significant edema. […] A recent study confirmed the use of observation-only for mild cases of NPDR.

• #1 Diabetic Retinopathy – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Diabetic_Retinopathy

  Diabetic retinopathy represents microvascular end-organ damage as a result of diabetes. It ranges from nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and its stages to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. As the disease progresses, associated diabetic macular edema (DME) may also become apparent. […] Treatment of macular edema is usually needed in order to prevent loss of vision or to try to improve vision. Treatment includes the use of lasers or injection of drugs (anti-VEGF therapies or corticosteroids) that decrease the retinal swelling/macular edema. […] The primary treatment option for PDR is laser photocoagulation of the peripheral retina, known as panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). The laser is used to obliterate some of the ischemic peripheral retina in order to decrease VEGF release and induce regression of neovascularization. […] In some cases, anti-VEGF injections into the eye can also be used to induce regression of neovascularization. […] Anti-VEGF injections may sometimes be used in concert with PRP when rubeosis and neovascular glaucoma are present.

• #1 Diabetic retinopathy: Prevention and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diabetic-retinopathy-prevention-and-treatment

  Diabetic retinopathy: Prevention and treatment […] Several preventive and therapeutic interventions have been evaluated in an attempt to minimize the morbidity associated with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema (DME); notably, macular edema can occur at any stage or severity of diabetic retinopathy. […] Prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy will be reviewed here. […] Anti-VEGF agents […] Focal photocoagulation […] Our approach: Combination therapy […] Panretinal photocoagulation […] Anti-VEGF agents

• #1 Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment | Seidenberg Protzko Eye Associates | Maryland

  https://www.visionexperts.com/diabetic-retinopathy-treatment/

  Depending on the stage of diabetic retinopathy, the potential for and the amount of vision loss, it is possible to treat, stabilize and often reverse the effects of the disease. Treatment of diabetic retinopathy can entail the use retinal laser photocoagulation treatment as well as intravitreal injections of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Inhibitor drugs or other drugs. However, successful management of diabetic eye problems requires early diagnosis and treatment. […] Diabetic Macular Edema was traditionally treated with Retinal Laser Photocoagulation procedures to close leaking microaneurysms or treat a more diffuse swelling in the Macula. Laser treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema works to stabilize vision. In fact, laser treatment may reduce the risk of vision loss by 50 percent. In a small number of cases, if vision is lost, it may be improved. It is important to restate that this treatment is performed to keep vision from further declining, but does not usually result in improvement in vision already lost.

• #1 Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment | Greater Kansas City

  https://www.kcretina.com/retinal-health/diabetic-retinopathy

  Individuals with diabetic retinopathy should undergo comprehensive eye exams as frequently as every two to four months. […] If you experience any symptoms, treatment should begin right away. […] While it cannot reverse any existing damage, treatment can prevent your vision from worsening. […] Here are the most common treatments offered at our practice: […] Injections: Corticosteroids or anti-VEGF medications can slow down the progression of diabetic retinopathy. […] Laser treatment: Your doctor can use laser therapy to shrink the retinal blood vessels. This helps reduce inflammation and prevent leakage. […] Eye surgery: Patients who sustain excessive scarring or bleeding may benefit from a vitrectomy. This procedure involves removing the gel-like substance inside the eye to allow for better retinal access. Once complete, the vitreous gel is replaced with sterile saline or silicone oil. […] At Retina Associates, our doctors use the most conservative approach possible. During a consultation at our practice, we can determine which treatment will be most beneficial for you.

• #1 Diabetes-Related Retinopathy: Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8591-diabetic-retinopathy

  Laser surgery. During procedures like laser photocoagulation, your eye specialist uses a laser to treat your retina to prevent blood vessel growth, shrink abnormal vessels or stop leaking. […] Eye surgeries. Your healthcare provider may recommend a vitrectomy if your retina is detached, if you have vitreous hemorrhage that won’t clear or have certain other types of retina damage. […] With early diagnosis and timely treatment, you may be able to prevent vision loss and delay diabetes-related retinopathy progression. After diabetes-related retinopathy treatment, you’ll have the best chance of limiting or delaying the effects of this disease if you manage your diabetes and keep your blood sugar within ranges that your providers recommend.

• #1

  https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/93751

  Anti-VEGF therapy is highly effective in regressing retinal neovascularization in eyes with PDR. […] Although current therapies are effective at preventing vision loss and frequently result in visual gain for patients with both PDR and DME, unmet treatment needs still exist. A substantial proportion (40%–50%) of eyes with DME do not respond fully to anti-VEGF treatment, necessitating the development of novel therapies for this condition. […] New therapeutic angles in diabetic retinopathy. Although the past decade has seen significant improvements in the treatment options for DR, additional therapies are urgently required. Current therapies are directed exclusively toward advanced stages of DR, often after permanent damage has ensued; thus, treatments that are preventative or address early pathology are highly desirable. […] Pharmacologic targeting of these and other protective mechanisms therefore represent new therapeutic avenues in the treatment of DR.

• #1 Potential New Treatment Option for Diabetic Retinopathy

  https://inside.ouhsc.edu/news/article/potential-new-treatment-option-for-diabetic-retinopathy

  Researchers at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences and Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center are studying a new, revolutionary treatment for diabetic retinopathy that could change the prognosis for these patients. […] Julia Busik, Ph.D., professor and chair of the Department of Biochemistry and Physiology in the OU College of Medicine, in collaboration with Richard Kolesnick, M.D., of MSK Cancer Center, recently published a paper in the journal Cell Metabolism that details how anti-ceramide immunotherapy can address the root cause of the disease and stop progression toward blindness at an earlier stage than previous treatments. […] The researchers are working on an exciting new treatment that could address the root cause of diabetic retinopathy. […] Perhaps the most important advance from the current treatment is that it addresses the root cause of the disease, as opposed to late symptoms and stopping progression at the vision-threatening stage, explains Busik. […] If we have this systemic safe treatment, Busik said, it could be given to a patient at a much earlier stage when they are just starting to progress, to make sure that they never get to that late stage.

• #1 Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Glucose Control, Aspirin Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1225122-treatment

  When laser photocoagulation is precluded in the presence of an opaque media, such as in cases of cataracts and vitreous hemorrhage, cryotherapy may be applied instead. […] The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study were large randomized clinical trials that demonstrated the importance of tight glucose control with respect to reducing the incidence and progression of diabetes complications, including diabetic retinopathy for both type I and type II diabetes. […] The patient, ophthalmologist or retina specialist, and internist or endocrinologist must work together as a team to optimize the diabetes control and help to reduce the risk of blindness. […] The frequency of follow-up care is dictated primarily by the baseline stage of the retinopathy and its rate of progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

• #1 Treatment of diabetic retinopathy: Recent advances and unresolved challenges

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4999649/

  A popular approach to the treatment of incomplete responders is to switch from an anti-VEGF to a corticosteroid (usually DDS) or add a corticosteroid (combination therapy). This frequently improves macular thickness, but additional VA gains are variable. The fluocinolone acetonide (FA) insert works best in eyes with chronic DME, presumably because long-standing edema ( 3 years) is primarily driven by chemokines and not VEGF. However, the FA insert has not been studied in eyes that respond incompletely to anti-VEGF therapy so its efficacy in incomplete responders is unknown. […] With the introduction of potent pharmacotherapy we have witnessed dramatic improvements in the treatment of DR over the past decade. As we better understand the capabilities of available drugs and integrate them with treatments such as laser and surgery, and add new pharmacologic drugs to our treatment paradigms when they receive FDA approval, the future treatment for DR appears increasingly promising.

• #2 Diabetic retinopathy – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-retinopathy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371617

  Treatment, which depends largely on the type of diabetic retinopathy you have and how severe it is, is geared to slowing or stopping the progression. […] If you have proliferative diabetic retinopathy or macular edema, you’ll need prompt treatment. Depending on the specific problems with your retina, options might include: […] Injecting medications into the eye. These medications, called vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, are injected into the vitreous of the eye. They help stop growth of new blood vessels and decrease fluid buildup. […] Photocoagulation. This laser treatment, also known as focal laser treatment, can stop or slow the leakage of blood and fluid in the eye. During the procedure, leaks from abnormal blood vessels are treated with laser burns. […] Panretinal photocoagulation. This laser treatment, also known as scatter laser treatment, can shrink the abnormal blood vessels.

• #2 Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Glucose Control, Aspirin Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1225122-treatment

  When laser photocoagulation is precluded in the presence of an opaque media, such as in cases of cataracts and vitreous hemorrhage, cryotherapy may be applied instead. […] The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study were large randomized clinical trials that demonstrated the importance of tight glucose control with respect to reducing the incidence and progression of diabetes complications, including diabetic retinopathy for both type I and type II diabetes. […] The patient, ophthalmologist or retina specialist, and internist or endocrinologist must work together as a team to optimize the diabetes control and help to reduce the risk of blindness. […] The frequency of follow-up care is dictated primarily by the baseline stage of the retinopathy and its rate of progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

• #2 Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Glucose Control, Aspirin Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1225122-treatment

  The Diabetic Retinopathy Study has found that adequate scatter laser panretinal photocoagulation reduces the risk of severe visual loss ( 5/200) by more than 50%. […] The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial has found that intensive glucose control in patients with type 1 diabetes decreases the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. […] The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), which involved newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, revealed that the risk of retinopathy was reduced through both improved glycemic control and improved blood pressure control. […] The Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study found that 650 mg of aspirin daily did not offer any benefit in preventing the progression of diabetes mellitus retinopathy. […] In large phase III clinical trials, intravitreal injections of ovine hyaluronidase (Vitrase) have been shown to be safe and to have modest efficacy for the clearance of severe vitreous hemorrhage.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetic-retinopathy/treatment/

  Diabetic retinopathy usually only requires specific treatment when it reaches an advanced stage and there’s a risk to your vision. […] It’s typically offered if diabetic eye screening detects stage 3 (proliferative) retinopathy, or if you have symptoms caused by diabetic maculopathy. […] For diabetic retinopathy that is threatening or affecting your sight, the main treatments are: laser treatment to treat the growth of new blood vessels at the back of the eye (retina) in cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and to stabilise some cases of maculopathy […] eye injections to treat severe maculopathy that’s threatening your sight […] steroid eye implants to treat severe maculopathy if eye injections are not suitable or have not worked for you […] eye surgery to remove blood or scar tissue from the eye if laser treatment is not possible because retinopathy is too advanced.

• #2 Treatment of diabetic retinopathy: Recent advances and unresolved challenges

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4999649/

  The development, testing, and adoption of advanced intravitreal pharmacotherapy has significantly improved the treatment of diabetic retinopathy over the past decade. The pivotal phase III drug trials demonstrated that binding diffusible vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) improves visual acuity (VA) in the majority of patients. Monthly injections of ranibizumab (Lucentis, Genentech, S. San Francisco, CA, United States/Roche, Basel, Switzerland) and aflibercept (Eylea, Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY, United States) prevent progression to PDR in many high risk eyes and reverse diabetic retinopathy severity scores in a significant minority. Ranibizumab injections are as effective as panretinal photocoagulation at controlling the complications of PDR, while causing fewer visual side effects. […] The pivotal phase III anti-VEGF trials evaluated the efficacy of monthly (ranibizumab and aflibercept) or bimonthly (aflibercept) injections on center-involving DME. Patients switched to pro re nata (PRN) ranibizumab after 12 mo in RESTORE and after 36 mo in RISE/RIDE. Treating patients according to these strategies probably produces the best possible visual results, but treatment is expensive and compliance is difficult to maintain.

• #2 Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/eyes-and-vision/diabetic-retinopathy/treatments.html

  How is diabetic retinopathy treated? […] There is no cure for diabetic retinopathy. But treatment works very well to prevent, delay, or reduce vision loss. […] Treatment options include: […] Laser treatment usually works very well to prevent vision loss if it’s done before the retina has been severely damaged. […] Severe proliferative retinopathy may be treated with a more aggressive laser therapy called scatter (pan-retinal) photocoagulation. […] This surgery may help improve vision if the retina hasn’t been severely damaged. […] Anti-VEGF medicines slow the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the retina. […] Sometimes injections of these types of medicine help to shrink new blood vessels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. […] An anti-VEGF medicine, such as aflibercept (Eyelea) or ranibizumab (Lucentis), might be used if the macula has been damaged by macular edema. […] Many people with diabetic retinopathy need to be treated more than once as the condition gets worse.

• #2 Diabetic Retinopathy Treatments – Best Retina Doctors in New York

  https://www.vrmny.com/conditions/diabetic-retinopathy/

  The best treatment for diabetic retinopathy is prevention. Keeping blood sugar levels and blood pressure under control can slow the development or progression of the disease. In most cases, additional ocular treatment is necessary when more advanced complications present, such as macular edema or new blood vessel growth. […] Award-winning retinal specialists provide a systemic approach to treating diabetic retinopathy using the newest diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. […] Anti-vasogenic injections of the medications Lucentis, Avastin, or Eylea have become the mainstay in controlling retinal edema and have become important adjuncts in treating complications of retinal neovascularization. These drugs stop abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage. […] Treatment consists of fairly regular injections in the first year. Once the retinal situation stabilizes, less frequent injections are necessary. Often, laser treatment will be used to augment and prolong the effect of antivasogenic injections for diabetic macular edema.

• #2 Diabetic Retinopathy Treatments – Best Retina Doctors in New York

  https://www.vrmny.com/conditions/diabetic-retinopathy/

  Once diabetic retinopathy is complicated by macular edema or formation of new blood vessels, laser eye surgery for diabetic retinopathy is commonly performed. […] The goal of using lasers to treat diabetic macular edema is to stabilize vision by trying to stop damaged blood vessels from leaking fluid into the retina. […] Intraocular steroid injections (Triescence, Ozurdex, Kenalog) have not been proven effective across-the-board in clinical trials. However, they have become a standard treatment option for diabetic persons with macular edema who do not respond well to anti-vasogenic or laser treatment alone or in combination. […] The abnormal new blood vessels of proliferative diabetic retinopathy are treated with panretinal (scatter) laser photocoagulation or PRP. […] Although PRP is often successful in stopping the process of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, in some cases this laser treatment is not effective.

• #2 Diabetic Retinopathy Medication: Corticosteroids, Ophthalmics, VEGF Inhibitors

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1225122-medication

  Several medications are indicated for treatment of diabetic retinopathy. At present, these medications are administered into the eye by intravitreal injection. […] Intravitreal triamcinolone, a steroid, is being used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. […] Other steroids used against diabetic macular edema include dexamethasone and fluocinolone acetonide. […] Other medications used in clinical practice and in clinical trials include intravitreal aflibercept (Eylea, Eylea HD), ranibizumab (Lucentis), brolucizumab (Beovu), or faricimab (Vabysmo). These medications are VEGF antibodies and antibody fragments, respectively. They can help to reduce diabetic macular edema and neovascularization of the disc or retina.

• #2 Treatment of diabetic retinopathy: Recent advances and unresolved challenges

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4999649/

  The dexamethasone delivery system (DDS, Ozurdex, Allergan, Irvine, CA, United States) and the fluocinolone acetonide insert (Iluvien, Alimera Sciences, Alpharetta, GA, United States) have both been approved for the treatment of DME. The DDS was originally approved for use in pseudophakic eyes or phakic eyes scheduled to undergo cataract removal, but approval for use in phakic eyes followed within months. Unfortunately, neither drug has been directly compared to anti-VEGF therapy in prospective, masked, randomized, multicenter trials. Visual acuity improvements for these sustained delivery systems average +7 letters, generally less than the +8 to +12 letters achieved with anti-VEGF therapy. […] Anti-VEGF therapy has replaced macular laser photocoagulation for center-involving DME, but the anti-VEGF arms in all of the major anti-VEGF trials used laser as a rescue therapy.

• #2 Retinopathy: Diabetic Eye Disease & Treatment

  https://www.goodeyes.com/diabetic-retinopathy/

  Focal photocoagulation: A laser is aimed at the macula to treat leaky blood vessels. The procedure keeps the blurry vision and other effects of macular edema from getting worse. […] Vitrectomy: A surgical procedure to remove scar tissue and the vitreous gel inside the eye. Vitrectomies are used to treat severe bleeding but can also restore vision and be used to reattach the retina.

• #2 Diabetic Retinopathy Eye Disease Diagnosis & Treatment – NYC | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/specialties/ophthalmology/our-services/retinal-disorders/conditions-we-treat/diabetic-retinopathy-eye-disease

  Focal Laser Treatment This is laser surgery for people with macular edema. The laser slows fluid leakage and reduces the amount of fluid in the retina. Focal laser treatment not only preserves vision, but it reduces the risk of vision loss by 50 percent. […] Laser surgery and good follow-up care can significantly reduce the risk of blindness by Columbia ophthalmologists. However, laser surgery cannot usually restore vision that has already been lost. That is why treating diabetic retinopathy early is the best way to prevent vision loss.

• #2 Laser Therapy for Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema – Retina Today

  https://retinatoday.com/articles/2017-may-june/laser-therapy-for-diabetic-retinopathy-and-diabetic-macular-edema

  In patients with PDR but no central DME, PRP is the mainstay treatment; however, in patients with PDR and non-central DME, focal laser may be used in addition to PRP. […] Laser has become second-line therapy for center-involved DME, as it has been replaced by intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF and steroidal agents. […] Laser treatment can be considered as first-line therapy for DME in the following situations: For noncenter-involving clinically significant macular edema (CSME); For central DME in patients with good vision at baseline (20/25 or better) and good glycemic control (HbA1C 7% or less), using micropulse laser only, when central retinal thickness is 350 m or less. […] Laser is still the treatment of choice in patients with PDR and noncenter-involving CSME. In central DME, laser can be used as an adjuvant treatment to reduce the need for intravitreal injections and to delay the need for retreatment.

• #2 Medical Management of Diabetic Retinopathy – Modern Optometry

  https://modernod.com/articles/2019-june/medical-management-ofdiabetic-retinopathy

  Although panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) remains the mainstay of treatment for proliferative disease, a move toward pharmacotherapy with anti-VEGF injections for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) has begun. […] The investigators concluded that ranibizumab may be a reasonable alternative to PRP through 2 years. […] Anti-VEGF therapy may be the most common first-line treatment for DME, but steroids appear to be making a comeback. […] Sustained-release formulations are the newest take on steroid therapy. […] The emergence of safe and effective pharmacologic treatments that improve both visual outcomes and quality of life means the future is brighter than ever before for patients with diabetic eye disease.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetic-retinopathy/treatment/

  The implant slowly releases dexamethasone over a few months. This reduces swelling in your eye, and can help to improve your eyesight. […] Surgery may be carried out to remove some of the vitreous humour from the eye. […] The operation, known as vitreoretinal surgery, may be needed if a large amount of blood has collected in your eye or there’s extensive scar tissue that’s likely to cause, or has already caused, retinal detachment.

• #2 Treatment for diabetic retinopathy – Macular Disease Foundation Australia Macular Disease Foundation Australia

  https://www.mdfoundation.com.au/about-macular-disease/diabetic-eye-disease/treatment-for-diabetic-retinopathy/

  The choice of medication and treatment interval will be determined by your ophthalmologist. […] A vitrectomy involves the surgical removal of the vitreous (central gel cavity) of the eye. […] Your ophthalmologist may recommend a vitrectomy where there is bleeding into the vitreous (also known as a vitreous haemorrhage). The procedure is also recommended for progressive proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) despite laser and injection treatment. […] Surgery aims to remove the blood and scar tissue from the surface of the retina. Laser is often applied during the treatment as well.

• #2 What to Know About Surgery for Diabetic Retinopathy

  https://www.healthline.com/health/surgery-for-diabetic-retinopathy

  A vitrectomy is the surgical procedure for treating diabetic retinopathy. Surgery is aimed at getting better access to your retina to improve or stop vision loss from this diabetes complication. […] Medicated injections and laser therapy are often used first in treating more advanced diabetic retinopathy, but surgery may also be required. […] A vitrectomy is a surgical procedure to treat diabetic retinopathy. Its often the last treatment option for people with this diabetes-related complication. […] This surgery is usually done when theres bleeding in your eye caused by leaking blood vessels or as a treatment for diabetes-related retinal detachment. It can also be performed to remove scar tissue. […] Vitrectomy is recommended for advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but a doctor may wait up to a year to see if the blood will clear on its own before attempting surgery.

• #2 Diabetic Retinopathy | Kellogg Eye Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/diabetic-retinopathy

  Laser surgery is often helpful in treating diabetic retinopathy. To reduce macular edema, a laser is focused on the damaged retina to seal leaking retinal vessels. For abnormal blood vessel growth (neovascularization), the laser treatments are delivered over the peripheral retina. The small laser scars that result will reduce abnormal blood vessel growth and help bond the retina to the back of your eye, thus preventing retinal detachment. Laser surgery may be performed in your ophthalmologist’s office or in an outpatient clinic. Laser surgery can greatly reduce the chance of severe visual impairment. […] Vitrectomy may be recommended in advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy. During this microsurgical procedure that is performed in the operating room, the blood-filled vitreous is removed and replaced with a clear solution. Your ophthalmologist may wait several months to a year to see if the blood will clear on its own before going ahead with surgery. In addition to a vitrectomy, retinal repair may be necessary if scar tissue has detached the retina from the back of your eye. Severe loss of vision or even blindness can result if surgery is not performed to reattach the retina.

• #2 Treating Diabetic Retinopathy – Digital Diagnostics

  https://www.digitaldiagnostics.com/resources/insights/treating-diabetic-retinopathy/

  If a patient does receive a DR diagnosis, there are several different treatment methods, depending on how advanced the disease is. […] In the earliest stages of DR, the most effective treatment is for the patient to better manage their diabetes though regulation of their blood glucose levels. When detected early, DR can usually be managed and controlled with proper diet and nutrition coupled with well controlled blood sugar and blood pressure levels. […] As the disease progresses, treatment options may differ depending on patient-specific symptoms and the level of disease detected. In some cases, the eye will be injected with medication to help reduce swelling from leaking blood vessels and slow potential vision loss. […] Another way to stop leaking blood vessels is through laser treatments. Focused laser beams are used to seal off small areas of retinal leakage within the eye. For proliferative diabetic retinopathy, lasers may be applied to the peripheral retina, away from the area of vision, to reduce the tendency for new growth of retinal blood vessels. This lowers the risk of bleeding, blockage, and retinal tractional development.

• #2 Diabetic Retinopathy: Planning Your Treatment

  https://www.reviewofophthalmology.com/article/diabetic-retinopathy-planning-your-treatment

  Even in cases without diabetic macular edema, moderately severe to severe cases of diabetic retinopathy always require treatment. […] The PANORAMA study found that intravitreal aflibercept injection improved diabetic retinopathy and prevented disease progression in eyes with moderately severe to severe NPDR, in patients without DME. […] David S. Boyer, MD, who is in practice in Los Angeles, says that this study provided a good indication of the value of anti-VEGF therapy for the treatment of high-risk NPDR without diabetic macular edema as a means to prevent further visual loss and severe vision-threatening complications. […] In these cases, laser treatment has an advantage. […] I might treat the periphery, those areas adjacent to severe non-perfusion, with laser. […] The PANORAMA study did show benefits for eyes with moderate NPDR to severe NPDR, in terms of limiting the progression of retinopathy and preventing complications such as anterior segment neovascularization, center-involving DME and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

• #2 Diabetic retinopathy: Screening, prevention, and treatment | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/8/503

  Management of patients with diabetic retinopathy depends on the severity of the retinopathy and whether DME is present. […] Standard treatment of diabetic retinopathy is anti-VEGF injections, which are used as off-label or US Food and Drug Administration approved treatment for all stages of diabetic retinopathy. […] First-line therapy for patients with DME is intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. […] Laser is used as both primary and adjunctive treatment of diabetic retinopathy and DME. […] Intravitreally injected steroids are effective in treating DME, with visual acuity gains similar to anti-VEGF treatment.

• #2 Seeing Clearly: The Latest Treatments For Diabetic Retinopathy

  https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamhaseltine/2023/11/16/seeing-clearly-the-latest-treatments-for-diabetic-retinopathy/

  When laser treatment fails, or in cases of advanced retinopathy, anti-VEGF medication is a viable treatment option. […] Another option is steroids. Steroid implants can be placed in the eye to reduce inflammation and swelling that can cause vision loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy, particularly those with macular edema. […] In addition to the standard treatments currently available for diabetic retinopathy, researchers are exploring new and innovative methods to combat this eye disease. One such cutting-edge treatment is gene therapy, which involves the insertion of healthy genes into the retina to replace faulty ones responsible for developing diabetic retinopathy. […] Another potential treatment option being explored by researchers is stem cell therapy. […] Researchers are also investigating using a protein called NOX4 as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy. Overall, the ongoing research into new treatments for diabetic retinopathy offers hope for individuals living with this condition and may lead to more effective treatments and improved outcomes in the future.

• #2 A new treatment for diabetic retinopathy

  https://www.nature.com/articles/d43747-020-01159-0

  But with recent data on its role in the revascularization of damaged tissues, NovaGo is, for the first time, targeting this protein to treat DR, a complication of diabetes that damages the back of the retina. […] Current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies work by blocking the production of new blood vessels, but, according to Metcalfe, a significant proportion of people treated for diabetic retinopathy are poor responders and a large percentage of patients continue to progress to blindness. […] By targeting Nogo-A with our antibody, we are able to return healthy growth of the vascular tissue, and stop the abnormal neovascularization that is characteristic of DR, explained Vianna. […] Novagos lead clinical molecule NG004 has been shown to restore blood supply in the retina and retinal functional activity in animal models.

• #2 Diabetic retinopathy: Screening, prevention, and treatment | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/8/503

  Internists are integral in the multidisciplinary approach to diabetic retinopathy, contributing significantly to the management of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Effective screening processes, timely referrals, and strategic diabetes management are imperative to prevent and mitigate the consequences of diabetic retinopathy. […] The evolution of treatments for diabetic retinopathy has markedly improved vision outcomes and reduced the burden on patients. […] Glycemic control is crucial for preventing progression of diabetic retinopathy and can be more easily achieved using new diabetes therapies. […] Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are primarily treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factors that are administered based on diabetic retinopathy staging and the presence of center-involved diabetic macular edema, as determined by optical coherence tomography.

• #2 Diabetes-Related Retinopathy: Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8591-diabetic-retinopathy

  Laser surgery. During procedures like laser photocoagulation, your eye specialist uses a laser to treat your retina to prevent blood vessel growth, shrink abnormal vessels or stop leaking. […] Eye surgeries. Your healthcare provider may recommend a vitrectomy if your retina is detached, if you have vitreous hemorrhage that won’t clear or have certain other types of retina damage. […] With early diagnosis and timely treatment, you may be able to prevent vision loss and delay diabetes-related retinopathy progression. After diabetes-related retinopathy treatment, you’ll have the best chance of limiting or delaying the effects of this disease if you manage your diabetes and keep your blood sugar within ranges that your providers recommend.

• #2

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-diabetic-retinopathy

  People with diabetes can have an eye disease called diabetic retinopathy. […] Your treatment is based on what your ophthalmologist sees in your eyes. Treatment options may include: […] Controlling your blood sugar and blood pressure can stop vision loss. […] Sometimes, good sugar control can even bring some of your vision back. […] One type of medication is called anti-VEGF medication. […] Anti-VEGF medication helps reduce swelling of the macula, slowing vision loss and perhaps improving vision. […] Laser surgery might be used to help seal off leaking blood vessels. […] Vitrectomy: If you have advanced PDR, your ophthalmologist may recommend surgery called vitrectomy. […] Get treatment for diabetic retinopathy as soon as possible. This is the best way to prevent vision loss.

• #2

  https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/93751

  Anti-VEGF therapy is highly effective in regressing retinal neovascularization in eyes with PDR. […] Although current therapies are effective at preventing vision loss and frequently result in visual gain for patients with both PDR and DME, unmet treatment needs still exist. A substantial proportion (40%–50%) of eyes with DME do not respond fully to anti-VEGF treatment, necessitating the development of novel therapies for this condition. […] New therapeutic angles in diabetic retinopathy. Although the past decade has seen significant improvements in the treatment options for DR, additional therapies are urgently required. Current therapies are directed exclusively toward advanced stages of DR, often after permanent damage has ensued; thus, treatments that are preventative or address early pathology are highly desirable. […] Pharmacologic targeting of these and other protective mechanisms therefore represent new therapeutic avenues in the treatment of DR.

• #3

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-diabetic-retinopathy

  People with diabetes can have an eye disease called diabetic retinopathy. […] Your treatment is based on what your ophthalmologist sees in your eyes. Treatment options may include: […] Controlling your blood sugar and blood pressure can stop vision loss. […] Sometimes, good sugar control can even bring some of your vision back. […] One type of medication is called anti-VEGF medication. […] Anti-VEGF medication helps reduce swelling of the macula, slowing vision loss and perhaps improving vision. […] Laser surgery might be used to help seal off leaking blood vessels. […] Vitrectomy: If you have advanced PDR, your ophthalmologist may recommend surgery called vitrectomy. […] Get treatment for diabetic retinopathy as soon as possible. This is the best way to prevent vision loss.

• #3 Diabetic Retinopathy | Kellogg Eye Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/diabetic-retinopathy

  Anti-VEGF therapy (Avastin, Lucentis, Eylea) Treatment […] Laser Surgery Treatment […] Vitrectomy Treatment […] Panretinal Photocoagulation (PRP) Treatment […] In mild cases, treatment for diabetic retinopathy is not necessary. Regular eye exams are critical for monitoring progression of the disease. Strict control of blood sugar and blood pressure levels can greatly reduce or prevent diabetic retinopathy. In more advanced cases, treatment is recommended to stop the damage of diabetic retinopathy, prevent vision loss, and potentially restore vision. […] Treatment options include: […] Anti-VEGF therapy (Avastin, Lucentis, Eylea) Anti-VEGF therapy involves the injection of the medication into the back of your eye. The medication is an antibody designed to bind to and remove the excess VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) present in the eye that is causing the disease state. The FDA has approved Lucentis for macular edema and additional treatment options include Avastin and Eylea.

• #3 Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment | Seidenberg Protzko Eye Associates | Maryland

  https://www.visionexperts.com/diabetic-retinopathy-treatment/

  For most patients, anti-VEGF injections such as Eylea and Lucentis which are less destructive and safer than laser treatments, are considered as primary therapy for the management of vision-threatening complications of diabetic retinopathy such as diabetic macular edema (DME). […] Proliferative Retinopathy is treated with a Retinal Laser Photocoagulation procedure called “Scatter Laser Treatment”. The goal of Scatter Laser Treatment is to shrink abnormal blood vessels. Retina specialists will place approximately 1,000 to 2,000 laser spots in areas of the retina away from the macula, causing the abnormal blood vessels to shrink. […] It is likely that retina specialists will also use anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment-such as Eylea or Lucentis or other types of retina injections as these retina injections when used in combination with laser treatment or even alone may be the preferred treatment in your individual case. When diabetic laser treatment and intravitreal injection are unsuccessful in stopping the progression of the proliferative retinopathy and when a vitreous hemorrhage occurs and does not clear on its own, or when a retinal detachment develops, then a Vitrectomy is often helpful. A vitrectomy involves inserting instruments into the eye, and removing the vitreous gel, any blood present in the vitreous cavity, and removing the scar tissue that has grown on the surface of the retina.

• #3 A new treatment for diabetic retinopathy

  https://www.nature.com/articles/d43747-020-01159-0

  Recent results also show that Nogo-A is up-regulated in the retina of diabetic patients compared to healthy individuals, which further supports the role of Nogo-A in DR pathophysiology, and the rationale for targeting Nogo-A with NG004. […] The novelty of this mode of action is really exciting, and pre-clinical studies validate that targeting Nogo-A has a disease-modifying effect, rather than just treating the symptoms, said Metcalfe. […] Its first-in-human study will assess safety, tolerability and collect efficacy evidence. […] The company is planning to initiate phase 1 trials by the third quarter of 2021 and move to phase 2 by the end of 2022.

• #4 Seeing Clearly: The Latest Treatments For Diabetic Retinopathy

  https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamhaseltine/2023/11/16/seeing-clearly-the-latest-treatments-for-diabetic-retinopathy/

  When laser treatment fails, or in cases of advanced retinopathy, anti-VEGF medication is a viable treatment option. […] Another option is steroids. Steroid implants can be placed in the eye to reduce inflammation and swelling that can cause vision loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy, particularly those with macular edema. […] In addition to the standard treatments currently available for diabetic retinopathy, researchers are exploring new and innovative methods to combat this eye disease. One such cutting-edge treatment is gene therapy, which involves the insertion of healthy genes into the retina to replace faulty ones responsible for developing diabetic retinopathy. […] Another potential treatment option being explored by researchers is stem cell therapy. […] Researchers are also investigating using a protein called NOX4 as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy. Overall, the ongoing research into new treatments for diabetic retinopathy offers hope for individuals living with this condition and may lead to more effective treatments and improved outcomes in the future.

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