Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Current and emerging strategies for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma | Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-024-01021-z

  Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with incident cases expected to rise from 905,700 in 2020 to 1.4 million by 2040. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for about 80% of all primary liver cancers. […] The increasing numbers of cases of HCC and changes in risk factors highlight the urgent need for updated and targeted prevention strategies. Preventive interventions encompass strategies to decrease the burden of chronic liver diseases and their progression to HCC. […] These strategies include nutritional interventions and medications that have shown promise in preclinical models. […] Although prevailing approaches focus on treating chronic liver disease, leveraging a wider range of interventions represents a promising area to safeguard at-risk populations.

• #2 Current and emerging strategies for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma | Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-024-01021-z

  Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with incident cases expected to rise from 905,700 in 2020 to 1.4 million by 2040. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for about 80% of all primary liver cancers. […] The increasing numbers of cases of HCC and changes in risk factors highlight the urgent need for updated and targeted prevention strategies. Preventive interventions encompass strategies to decrease the burden of chronic liver diseases and their progression to HCC. […] These strategies include nutritional interventions and medications that have shown promise in preclinical models. […] Although prevailing approaches focus on treating chronic liver disease, leveraging a wider range of interventions represents a promising area to safeguard at-risk populations.

• #3 Can Liver Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Many liver cancers could be prevented by reducing exposure to known risk factors for this disease. […] Preventing hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections […] Avoid or limit alcohol and tobacco use […] Get to and stay at a healthy weight […] Limit exposure to cancer-causing chemicals […] Treat diseases that increase liver cancer risk […] The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that all children and adults up to age 59, as well as older adults at risk for HBV, get the HBV vaccine to reduce their risk of chronic hepatitis B and liver cancer. […] If a person has a chronic HBV or HCV infection, treatment can help slow liver damage and reduce their risk of developing liver cancer. […] Drinking alcohol can lead to cirrhosis, which in turn, can lead to liver cancer. Not drinking alcohol or drinking in moderation could help lower your risk of liver cancer.

• #4 Liver Cancer Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/causes-risk-factors

  Liver cancer prevention is action taken to lower the chance of getting cancer. By preventing cancer, the number of new cases of cancer in a group or population is lowered. Hopefully, this will lower the number of deaths caused by cancer. […] Anything that lowers your chance of getting cancer is called a cancer protective factor. Prevention includes avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors. […] The following are protective factors for liver cancer: Getting the hepatitis B vaccine: Preventing HBV infection (by being vaccinated for HBV as a newborn) has been shown to lower the risk of liver cancer in children. It is not yet known if being vaccinated lowers the risk of liver cancer in adults. […] Getting treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection: Treatment options for people with chronic HBV infection include interferon and nucleos(t)ide analog therapy. These treatments may reduce the risk of developing liver cancer. […] Reducing exposure to aflatoxin B1: Replacing foods that contain high amounts of aflatoxin B1 with foods that contain a much lower level of the poison can reduce the risk of liver cancer.

• #5 Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer Prevention: Prevention – Patient Information [NCI] | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=ncicdr0000433423

  Liver cancer prevention is action taken to lower the chance of getting cancer. By preventing cancer, the number of new cases of cancer in a group or population is lowered. Hopefully, this will lower the number of deaths caused by cancer. […] Anything that increases your chance of getting cancer is called a risk factor. Anything that lowers your chance of getting cancer is called a cancer protective factor. Prevention includes avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors. […] The following are protective factors for liver cancer: […] Getting the hepatitis B vaccine: Preventing HBV infection (by being vaccinated for HBV as a newborn) has been shown to lower the risk of liver cancer in children. It is not yet known if being vaccinated lowers the risk of liver cancer in adults.

• #6 Liver Cancer – Prevention

  https://ruesch.georgetown.edu/livercancerprevention/

  Cancer prevention is action taken to lower the chance of getting cancer. […] To prevent new cancers from starting, scientists look at risk factors and protective factors. […] Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent cancer. […] Chronic Hepatitis B and C infections are risk factors that may lead to liver cancer. […] The following are other risk factors that may increase the risk of liver cancer: Cirrhosis, Heavy alcohol use, Aflatoxin B1, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), Cigarette smoking, Other conditions. […] The following protective factors may decrease the risk of liver cancer: Hepatitis B vaccine, Treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection, Reduced exposure to aflatoxin B1. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent liver cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #7 Prevention | National Cancer Prevention Policy Liver Cancer | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/about-us/policy-and-advocacy/early-detection/liver-cancer/prevention

  The single most important strategy to prevent liver cancer is to prevent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Prevention of HBV- and HCV-related liver cancer is also possible through effective treatment of the viral infection. […] Vaccination of all infants and adults in high-risk groups is the most effective preventive approach against HBV, with demonstrated long-term efficacy and benefits. […] Other effective primary prevention strategies include ensuring a safe blood supply, universal precautions against blood contamination in healthcare settings and harm reduction approaches to reduce transmission from injecting drug use. […] Reducing exposure to other factors that increase the risk of developing chronic liver disease, such as alcohol and aflatoxins, also will reduce the proportion of infected people who develop chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.

• #8 Liver Cancer Prevention & Risk Factors | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/liver/risk-factors-prevention

  What are the main causes of primary liver cancer? Scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) caused by too much alcohol use or infection with hepatitis B or C infection are largely to blame. […] Up to 80 percent of primary liver cancers around the world are caused by infection with the hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus. […] Because primary liver cancer caused by viral hepatitis tends to develop slowly over the course of two to three decades, there are steps you can take to get screened for the infection and prevent it from becoming advanced. […] You can lower your risk for developing liver cancer by following healthy lifestyle measures, such as regular exercise, controlling your weight, and eating a healthy diet with limited amounts of alcohol. […] Its also important to avoid infection with the hepatitis B and C viruses.

• #9 Prevention » Hepatitis B Foundation

  https://www.hepb.org/research-and-programs/liver/prevention-of-liver-cancer/

  Liver cancer is preventable if the primary risk factors such as chronic hepatitis B and C infections can be eliminated. The number of cases of liver cancer is expected to grow dramatically over the next 20 years if prevention strategies are not promoted. […] The hepatitis B vaccine was named the first anti-cancer vaccine by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration because it prevents chronic hepatitis B infections, thereby preventing liver cancer caused by the hepatitis B virus. […] In general preventing cirrhosis can reduce the risk of liver cancer. The most important way to prevent cirrhosis is to prevent chronic infections of hepatitis B and C in the first place. […] Regular visits allow for the early detection of liver cancer or other complications, improving the likelihood of successful treatment and better health outcomes.

• #10 Prevention | National Cancer Prevention Policy Liver Cancer | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/about-us/policy-and-advocacy/early-detection/liver-cancer/prevention

  The single most important strategy to prevent liver cancer is to prevent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Prevention of HBV- and HCV-related liver cancer is also possible through effective treatment of the viral infection. […] Vaccination of all infants and adults in high-risk groups is the most effective preventive approach against HBV, with demonstrated long-term efficacy and benefits. […] Other effective primary prevention strategies include ensuring a safe blood supply, universal precautions against blood contamination in healthcare settings and harm reduction approaches to reduce transmission from injecting drug use. […] Reducing exposure to other factors that increase the risk of developing chronic liver disease, such as alcohol and aflatoxins, also will reduce the proportion of infected people who develop chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.

• #11 Can Liver Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Many liver cancers could be prevented by reducing exposure to known risk factors for this disease. […] Preventing hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections […] Avoid or limit alcohol and tobacco use […] Get to and stay at a healthy weight […] Limit exposure to cancer-causing chemicals […] Treat diseases that increase liver cancer risk […] The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that all children and adults up to age 59, as well as older adults at risk for HBV, get the HBV vaccine to reduce their risk of chronic hepatitis B and liver cancer. […] If a person has a chronic HBV or HCV infection, treatment can help slow liver damage and reduce their risk of developing liver cancer. […] Drinking alcohol can lead to cirrhosis, which in turn, can lead to liver cancer. Not drinking alcohol or drinking in moderation could help lower your risk of liver cancer.

• #12 Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/liver-prevention-pdq

  Interventions With Adequate Evidence of Decreased Risk of HCC: […] HBV vaccination […] Based on solid evidence, neonatal HBV vaccination or catch-up vaccination at young ages reduces HCC incidence in young adults. […] Treatment for chronic HBV infection […] Based on solid evidence, chronic HBV treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy reduces the risk of HCC. […] Availability of food not contaminated with aflatoxin B1 […] Based on solid evidence, replacement of food highly contaminated with aflatoxin B1 with food that harbors much lower levels of aflatoxin B1 leads to a reduction in liver cancer mortality. […] Interventions With Inadequate Evidence of Decreased Risk of HCC: […] HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) […] Based on fair evidence, HCV treatment with DAAs that results in sustained virological response (SVR) may reduce HCC risk. […] Statin use among adults with HBV or HCV […] Based on fair evidence, statin use may be associated with a reduced risk of developing HCC in patients with HBV or HCV infection.

• #13 Help prevent liver cancer with 7 simple steps | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/cancer/cancer-risk-and-prevention/help-prevent-liver-cancer-with-7-simple-steps

  Most liver cancers are potentially preventable. This is thanks to hepatitis B virus vaccination, screening and treatment of the hepatitis C virus, maintaining a healthy body weight, high-quality diabetes care, prevention of excessive alcohol drinking and tobacco control. […] „I’d recommend hepatitis B vaccination for everybody,” says Dr. Krishnan. „It’s a safe and effective vaccine. Vaccination can result in immunity for more than 90% of healthy individuals. Hepatitis B could be eradicated with global vaccination.” […] 7 prevention strategies for liver cancer: Get the hepatitis B vaccine. Don’t touch or reuse dirty or used syringes or needles. Use a male condom during vaginal, oral or anal sex. Unprotected sex with an infected partner can transmit hepatitis B. Keep a healthy weight. Get medical care if you have chronic hepatitis. „Treating chronic hepatitis reduces your risk of liver cancer,” says Dr. Krishnan. Don’t drink alcohol in excess. Regular, heavy alcohol use can damage your liver. Quit smoking. Cigarettes generate over 4,000 chemicals that harm the human body including the liver. […] Alcohol increases liver cancer risk by about 10% per drink per day, and tobacco use increases liver cancer risk by approximately 50%.

• #14 Latest advances in hepatocellular carcinoma management and prevention through advanced technologies | Egyptian Liver Journal | Full Text

  https://eglj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43066-023-00306-3

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of liver cancer, with a high mortality rate. […] Lifestyle modifications, such as weight management, alcohol avoidance, and hepatitis B vaccinations, can play a critical role in preventing HCC development. […] Primary prevention of HCC can be achieved through vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and early treatment of chronic HBV or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. […] Vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most effective prevention strategies for HCC. A large-scale study showed that universal HBV vaccination programs have greatly reduced the incidence of HCC in Taiwan, with the incidence decreasing by 70% in the vaccinated population compared to the unvaccinated population. […] Lifestyle modifications, such as maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding alcohol and tobacco use, and increasing physical activity, have also been shown to reduce the risk of HCC.

• #15 Liver cancer risk prevention – Digestive Cancers Europe

  https://digestivecancers.eu/liver-cancer-prevention/

  Because several of the risk factors listed above are related to lifestyle, there are ways to reduce risk of liver cancer. […] Vaccinate children against hepatitis B. The HBV vaccine is recommended for all infants and children up to age 18 years by the World Health Organization (WHO). Unfortunately, there is no vaccine available yet for hepatitis C. […] Treat hepatitis C. Although there is no vaccine for hepatitis C, its usually possible to cure the infection with antiviral treatment, and most people with it will have a normal life expectancy. […] Avoid sharing needles and use safe sex practices (e.g. use condoms). Hepatitis B and C can spread from person to person through sharing contaminated needles (such as in drug use) and through unprotected sex. […] Limit alcohol and tobacco use. Drinking is a major risk factor for cirrhosis and liver cancer. Tobacco increases the risk of liver cancer and many other diseases. […] Maintain a healthy weight. Avoiding obesity can reduce the risk of fatty liver disease, which is linked to liver cancer.

• #16 Liver cancer risk prevention – Digestive Cancers Europe

  https://digestivecancers.eu/liver-cancer-prevention/

  Because several of the risk factors listed above are related to lifestyle, there are ways to reduce risk of liver cancer. […] Vaccinate children against hepatitis B. The HBV vaccine is recommended for all infants and children up to age 18 years by the World Health Organization (WHO). Unfortunately, there is no vaccine available yet for hepatitis C. […] Treat hepatitis C. Although there is no vaccine for hepatitis C, its usually possible to cure the infection with antiviral treatment, and most people with it will have a normal life expectancy. […] Avoid sharing needles and use safe sex practices (e.g. use condoms). Hepatitis B and C can spread from person to person through sharing contaminated needles (such as in drug use) and through unprotected sex. […] Limit alcohol and tobacco use. Drinking is a major risk factor for cirrhosis and liver cancer. Tobacco increases the risk of liver cancer and many other diseases. […] Maintain a healthy weight. Avoiding obesity can reduce the risk of fatty liver disease, which is linked to liver cancer.

• #17 Steps You Can Take to Reduce Your Risk for Liver Cancer | Newswise

  https://www.newswise.com/articles/steps-you-can-take-to-reduce-your-risk-for-liver-cancer

  Liver cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. […] In many cases, liver cancer is a preventable cancer, so raising awareness about prevention is important. […] There are a few steps you can take that research has shown can reduce your risk of liver cancer. […] Get the hepatitis B vaccine: The hepatitis B virus attacks the liver. […] Research has shown that this vaccination lowers the risk of liver cancer in children. […] Get treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection: The treatment for chronic HBV infection can include interferon and nucleos(t)ide analog therapy. These two treatments may reduce your risk of developing liver cancer. […] Preventing the spread of hepatitis C: There is no vaccine for HCV, but there are treatments that can cure most people. […] The best way to prevent HCV is by avoiding behaviors that can spread the disease, like sharing needles or syringes, engaging in sexual activity with a person who’s infected with HCV or getting unregulated tattoos or body piercings.

• #18 Prevention | National Cancer Prevention Policy Liver Cancer | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/about-us/policy-and-advocacy/early-detection/liver-cancer/prevention

  The single most important strategy to prevent liver cancer is to prevent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Prevention of HBV- and HCV-related liver cancer is also possible through effective treatment of the viral infection. […] Vaccination of all infants and adults in high-risk groups is the most effective preventive approach against HBV, with demonstrated long-term efficacy and benefits. […] Other effective primary prevention strategies include ensuring a safe blood supply, universal precautions against blood contamination in healthcare settings and harm reduction approaches to reduce transmission from injecting drug use. […] Reducing exposure to other factors that increase the risk of developing chronic liver disease, such as alcohol and aflatoxins, also will reduce the proportion of infected people who develop chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.

• #19 Can Liver Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Many liver cancers could be prevented by reducing exposure to known risk factors for this disease. […] Preventing hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections […] Avoid or limit alcohol and tobacco use […] Get to and stay at a healthy weight […] Limit exposure to cancer-causing chemicals […] Treat diseases that increase liver cancer risk […] The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that all children and adults up to age 59, as well as older adults at risk for HBV, get the HBV vaccine to reduce their risk of chronic hepatitis B and liver cancer. […] If a person has a chronic HBV or HCV infection, treatment can help slow liver damage and reduce their risk of developing liver cancer. […] Drinking alcohol can lead to cirrhosis, which in turn, can lead to liver cancer. Not drinking alcohol or drinking in moderation could help lower your risk of liver cancer.

• #20 Liver Cancer Prevention & Risk Factors | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/liver/risk-factors-prevention

  Vaccines for hepatitis B are available for children and adults. If you are at risk for hepatitis B or C infection, consider undergoing a screening test. […] If you have chronic hepatitis B, you might be a candidate for antiviral therapy, which can slow down the progression of liver disease and decrease (although not eliminate) the risk of liver cancer. […] If you have chronic hepatitis, you should visit your doctors for regular surveillance with imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI. […] Cirrhosis of the liver and certain types of chronic liver disease, such as chronic hepatitis B, leave you more likely to have liver inflammation and scarring and to develop liver cancer. […] We can help you set up a plan for a surveillance program to undergo regular screening with imaging tests, such as ultrasound, every six months. This will allow us to identify the disease at an early stage so that you can start to get care at a point when the cancer is still very treatable.

• #21 Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/liver-prevention-pdq

  Interventions With Adequate Evidence of Decreased Risk of HCC: […] HBV vaccination […] Based on solid evidence, neonatal HBV vaccination or catch-up vaccination at young ages reduces HCC incidence in young adults. […] Treatment for chronic HBV infection […] Based on solid evidence, chronic HBV treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy reduces the risk of HCC. […] Availability of food not contaminated with aflatoxin B1 […] Based on solid evidence, replacement of food highly contaminated with aflatoxin B1 with food that harbors much lower levels of aflatoxin B1 leads to a reduction in liver cancer mortality. […] Interventions With Inadequate Evidence of Decreased Risk of HCC: […] HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) […] Based on fair evidence, HCV treatment with DAAs that results in sustained virological response (SVR) may reduce HCC risk. […] Statin use among adults with HBV or HCV […] Based on fair evidence, statin use may be associated with a reduced risk of developing HCC in patients with HBV or HCV infection.

• #22 Liver Cancer Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/causes-risk-factors

  Liver cancer prevention is action taken to lower the chance of getting cancer. By preventing cancer, the number of new cases of cancer in a group or population is lowered. Hopefully, this will lower the number of deaths caused by cancer. […] Anything that lowers your chance of getting cancer is called a cancer protective factor. Prevention includes avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors. […] The following are protective factors for liver cancer: Getting the hepatitis B vaccine: Preventing HBV infection (by being vaccinated for HBV as a newborn) has been shown to lower the risk of liver cancer in children. It is not yet known if being vaccinated lowers the risk of liver cancer in adults. […] Getting treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection: Treatment options for people with chronic HBV infection include interferon and nucleos(t)ide analog therapy. These treatments may reduce the risk of developing liver cancer. […] Reducing exposure to aflatoxin B1: Replacing foods that contain high amounts of aflatoxin B1 with foods that contain a much lower level of the poison can reduce the risk of liver cancer.

• #23 Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer Prevention: Prevention – Patient Information [NCI] | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=ncicdr0000433423

  Getting treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection: Treatment options for people with chronic HBV infection include interferon and nucleos(t)ide analog therapy. These treatments may reduce the risk of developing liver cancer. […] Reducing exposure to aflatoxin B1: Replacing foods that contain high amounts of aflatoxin B1 with foods that contain a much lower level of the poison can reduce the risk of liver cancer.

• #24 Liver Cancer Prevention & Risk Factors | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/liver/risk-factors-prevention

  Vaccines for hepatitis B are available for children and adults. If you are at risk for hepatitis B or C infection, consider undergoing a screening test. […] If you have chronic hepatitis B, you might be a candidate for antiviral therapy, which can slow down the progression of liver disease and decrease (although not eliminate) the risk of liver cancer. […] If you have chronic hepatitis, you should visit your doctors for regular surveillance with imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI. […] Cirrhosis of the liver and certain types of chronic liver disease, such as chronic hepatitis B, leave you more likely to have liver inflammation and scarring and to develop liver cancer. […] We can help you set up a plan for a surveillance program to undergo regular screening with imaging tests, such as ultrasound, every six months. This will allow us to identify the disease at an early stage so that you can start to get care at a point when the cancer is still very treatable.

• #25 Primary and secondary prevention of liver cancer caused by HBV

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3286634/

  By 2004 about 80% of the nations in the World Health Organization had national vaccination programs. […] These studies demonstrate a major reduction in a deadly cancer following the institution of HBV vaccination. […] The apparent success of the vaccination program in decreasing the probability of HCC makes it likely that, in time, the incidence of HCC due to HBV will decrease significantly as more and more of the population becomes immune. […] Treatment of carriers with antivirals for HBV can greatly reduce the risk of HCC, chronic liver disease (CLD), cirrhosis, and terminal liver failure. […] It appears that treatment that lowers the titer of HBV DNA can considerably decrease the risk of the dire long term effects of HBV infection, chronic liver disease, liver failure, and cancer of the liver.

• #26 Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/liver-prevention-pdq

  Interventions With Adequate Evidence of Decreased Risk of HCC: […] HBV vaccination […] Based on solid evidence, neonatal HBV vaccination or catch-up vaccination at young ages reduces HCC incidence in young adults. […] Treatment for chronic HBV infection […] Based on solid evidence, chronic HBV treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy reduces the risk of HCC. […] Availability of food not contaminated with aflatoxin B1 […] Based on solid evidence, replacement of food highly contaminated with aflatoxin B1 with food that harbors much lower levels of aflatoxin B1 leads to a reduction in liver cancer mortality. […] Interventions With Inadequate Evidence of Decreased Risk of HCC: […] HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) […] Based on fair evidence, HCV treatment with DAAs that results in sustained virological response (SVR) may reduce HCC risk. […] Statin use among adults with HBV or HCV […] Based on fair evidence, statin use may be associated with a reduced risk of developing HCC in patients with HBV or HCV infection.

• #27 Preventing Liver Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/liver-cancer-liver-metastases/prevention

  A vaccine can prevent hepatitis B in adults and children. Avoiding injectable drugs and practicing safe sex can also help reduce the risk of infection. […] Although there is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C, you can take several precautions. Avoid sharing personal care items that might have blood on them, such as razors, and practice safe sex by using condoms. If you use intravenous drugs, dont share needles. […] New medications for hepatitis C infection can rid the body of the virus, reverse liver damage, and prevent progression to cirrhosis and liver cancer.

• #28 To reduce your liver cancer risk, prevent liver disease – and cirrhosis – Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center Blog

  https://cancerblog.mayoclinic.org/2023/12/13/to-reduce-your-liver-cancer-risk-prevent-liver-disease-and-cirrhosis/

  If you have hepatitis B or C, seek treatment. If you’re 18 years of age or older, Dr. Harnois recommends getting tested for hepatitis. Treatments are available for hepatitis b and hepatitis C infections, and research shows that treatment can reduce the risk of liver cancer. „Treating hepatitis C substantially reduces your risk of liver cancer and reduces your risk of developing cirrhosis. But even if you have cirrhosis, if you treat hepatitis C, it will reduce your risk of liver cancer,” she says. […] Know your family medical history. Certain inherited liver diseases can increase the risk of liver cancer, including hemochromatosis and Wilson’s disease. „These diseases can put you at risk for developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. Talk to your healthcare professional about testing and treatment if you have family members with these conditions,” says Dr. Harnois.

• #29 Can Liver Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Many liver cancers could be prevented by reducing exposure to known risk factors for this disease. […] Preventing hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections […] Avoid or limit alcohol and tobacco use […] Get to and stay at a healthy weight […] Limit exposure to cancer-causing chemicals […] Treat diseases that increase liver cancer risk […] The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that all children and adults up to age 59, as well as older adults at risk for HBV, get the HBV vaccine to reduce their risk of chronic hepatitis B and liver cancer. […] If a person has a chronic HBV or HCV infection, treatment can help slow liver damage and reduce their risk of developing liver cancer. […] Drinking alcohol can lead to cirrhosis, which in turn, can lead to liver cancer. Not drinking alcohol or drinking in moderation could help lower your risk of liver cancer.

• #30 Help prevent liver cancer with 7 simple steps | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/cancer/cancer-risk-and-prevention/help-prevent-liver-cancer-with-7-simple-steps

  Most liver cancers are potentially preventable. This is thanks to hepatitis B virus vaccination, screening and treatment of the hepatitis C virus, maintaining a healthy body weight, high-quality diabetes care, prevention of excessive alcohol drinking and tobacco control. […] „I’d recommend hepatitis B vaccination for everybody,” says Dr. Krishnan. „It’s a safe and effective vaccine. Vaccination can result in immunity for more than 90% of healthy individuals. Hepatitis B could be eradicated with global vaccination.” […] 7 prevention strategies for liver cancer: Get the hepatitis B vaccine. Don’t touch or reuse dirty or used syringes or needles. Use a male condom during vaginal, oral or anal sex. Unprotected sex with an infected partner can transmit hepatitis B. Keep a healthy weight. Get medical care if you have chronic hepatitis. „Treating chronic hepatitis reduces your risk of liver cancer,” says Dr. Krishnan. Don’t drink alcohol in excess. Regular, heavy alcohol use can damage your liver. Quit smoking. Cigarettes generate over 4,000 chemicals that harm the human body including the liver. […] Alcohol increases liver cancer risk by about 10% per drink per day, and tobacco use increases liver cancer risk by approximately 50%.

• #31 Help prevent liver cancer with 7 simple steps | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/cancer/cancer-risk-and-prevention/help-prevent-liver-cancer-with-7-simple-steps

  Most liver cancers are potentially preventable. This is thanks to hepatitis B virus vaccination, screening and treatment of the hepatitis C virus, maintaining a healthy body weight, high-quality diabetes care, prevention of excessive alcohol drinking and tobacco control. […] „I’d recommend hepatitis B vaccination for everybody,” says Dr. Krishnan. „It’s a safe and effective vaccine. Vaccination can result in immunity for more than 90% of healthy individuals. Hepatitis B could be eradicated with global vaccination.” […] 7 prevention strategies for liver cancer: Get the hepatitis B vaccine. Don’t touch or reuse dirty or used syringes or needles. Use a male condom during vaginal, oral or anal sex. Unprotected sex with an infected partner can transmit hepatitis B. Keep a healthy weight. Get medical care if you have chronic hepatitis. „Treating chronic hepatitis reduces your risk of liver cancer,” says Dr. Krishnan. Don’t drink alcohol in excess. Regular, heavy alcohol use can damage your liver. Quit smoking. Cigarettes generate over 4,000 chemicals that harm the human body including the liver. […] Alcohol increases liver cancer risk by about 10% per drink per day, and tobacco use increases liver cancer risk by approximately 50%.

• #32 To reduce your liver cancer risk, prevent liver disease – and cirrhosis – Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center Blog

  https://cancerblog.mayoclinic.org/2023/12/13/to-reduce-your-liver-cancer-risk-prevent-liver-disease-and-cirrhosis/

  Hepatocellular carcinoma occurs most often in people with underlying liver disease. „Having liver disease puts you at risk for cirrhosis scarring of the liver. It’s cirrhosis that predominantly puts you at risk for the development of liver cancer,” says Denise Harnois, D.O., a Mayo Clinic transplant hepatologist. […] „It’s the cirrhosis that puts you at risk. If you prevent the development of liver disease, or if you develop some evidence of liver disease and you don’t let it progress to the point where it causes cirrhosis that’s the first piece of prevention,” says Dr. Harnois. […] Here’s what you can do to prevent liver disease and cirrhosis: […] If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. For women, this means no more than one drink a day. For men, this means no more than two drinks a day.

• #33 Can Liver Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Smoking also increases the risk of liver cancer, so if you smoke, quitting will help lower your risk of this cancer, as well as many other cancers and life-threatening diseases. […] Staying at a healthy weight might be another way to lower your risk of liver cancer. People who have excess weight are more likely to have fatty liver disease and diabetes, both of which have been linked to liver cancer. […] Certain inherited diseases can cause cirrhosis of the liver, increasing a persons risk for liver cancer. Finding and treating these diseases early in life could lower this risk.

• #34 Liver Cancer: Prevention is in Your Hands

  https://gastrosurgerysurat.com/blog/liver-cancer-prevention-is-in-your-hands/

  One of the deadliest diseases that affect the liver is cancer. According to the World Cancer Research Institute (WCRF), liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world. […] The only solution? Focus on the preventable risk factors. Work on leading a healthy life and prevent the occurrence of deadly diseases such as liver cancer. […] AVOID HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C INFECTIONSAvoid sharing needles and adhere to safe sex practices to prevent the spread of the virus. If you are at risk for HBV or HCV, monitor your health and watch out for common symptoms of liver diseases. […] REDUCE THE CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL AND TOBACCOAlong with cirrhosis and liver cancer, these vices have the potential to cause several different problems in the body. […] MAINTAIN A HEALTHY WEIGHTPeople with obesity are prone to diabetes and fatty liver diseases, both of which have a close link to liver cancer. Maintain an active lifestyle and focus on eating nutritious food.

• #35 How to Prevent Liver Cancer: Simple Steps for a Healthy Liver

  https://islandhospital.com/how-to-prevent-liver-cancer/

  Achieve and Maintain a Healthy Weight. Obesity is a risk factor for liver cancer. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can help reduce your risk. […] Don’t Smoke. Smoking increases your risk of various cancers, including liver cancer. Quitting smoking or avoiding it altogether is crucial. […] Eat a Balanced Diet. Consume a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while limiting processed foods, red meat, and saturated fats. Avoid foods with high cholesterols and decrease your sugar intake. […] Limit Alcohol Consumption. Heavy alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for liver damage and cancer. Aim for moderation or abstinence. […] Avoid Exposure to Aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are toxins produced by certain moulds that can contaminate grains and nuts. Avoid consuming mouldy or potentially contaminated foods.

• #36 To reduce your liver cancer risk, prevent liver disease – and cirrhosis – Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center Blog

  https://cancerblog.mayoclinic.org/2023/12/13/to-reduce-your-liver-cancer-risk-prevent-liver-disease-and-cirrhosis/

  Maintain a healthy weight to prevent diabetes and NAFLD. Eat a healthy diet and exercise most days of the week. If you need to lose weight, reduce the calories you eat each day and increase your exercise. „Having high cholesterol and triglycerides and high blood sugars and carrying too much weight puts you at risk for liver disease, cirrhosis and liver cancer. We know that even if you’re showing some evidence of scarring, you can reverse that by controlling blood sugar, cholesterol and weight loss. You can prevent the progression of liver disease and liver cancer,” says Dr. Harnois. […] Get vaccinated against hepatitis B. Almost anyone can get the hepatitis B vaccine, including infants, older adults and those with compromised immune systems. […] Take measures to prevent hepatitis C. There is no vaccine for hepatitis C, but you can reduce your risk of infection by practicing safe sex, not using IV drugs, and only getting piercings and tattoos at shops that properly sterilize needles.

• #37 Can Liver Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Smoking also increases the risk of liver cancer, so if you smoke, quitting will help lower your risk of this cancer, as well as many other cancers and life-threatening diseases. […] Staying at a healthy weight might be another way to lower your risk of liver cancer. People who have excess weight are more likely to have fatty liver disease and diabetes, both of which have been linked to liver cancer. […] Certain inherited diseases can cause cirrhosis of the liver, increasing a persons risk for liver cancer. Finding and treating these diseases early in life could lower this risk.

• #38 Help prevent liver cancer with 7 simple steps | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/cancer/cancer-risk-and-prevention/help-prevent-liver-cancer-with-7-simple-steps

  Most liver cancers are potentially preventable. This is thanks to hepatitis B virus vaccination, screening and treatment of the hepatitis C virus, maintaining a healthy body weight, high-quality diabetes care, prevention of excessive alcohol drinking and tobacco control. […] „I’d recommend hepatitis B vaccination for everybody,” says Dr. Krishnan. „It’s a safe and effective vaccine. Vaccination can result in immunity for more than 90% of healthy individuals. Hepatitis B could be eradicated with global vaccination.” […] 7 prevention strategies for liver cancer: Get the hepatitis B vaccine. Don’t touch or reuse dirty or used syringes or needles. Use a male condom during vaginal, oral or anal sex. Unprotected sex with an infected partner can transmit hepatitis B. Keep a healthy weight. Get medical care if you have chronic hepatitis. „Treating chronic hepatitis reduces your risk of liver cancer,” says Dr. Krishnan. Don’t drink alcohol in excess. Regular, heavy alcohol use can damage your liver. Quit smoking. Cigarettes generate over 4,000 chemicals that harm the human body including the liver. […] Alcohol increases liver cancer risk by about 10% per drink per day, and tobacco use increases liver cancer risk by approximately 50%.

• #39 Help prevent liver cancer with 7 simple steps | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/cancer/cancer-risk-and-prevention/help-prevent-liver-cancer-with-7-simple-steps

  Most liver cancers are potentially preventable. This is thanks to hepatitis B virus vaccination, screening and treatment of the hepatitis C virus, maintaining a healthy body weight, high-quality diabetes care, prevention of excessive alcohol drinking and tobacco control. […] „I’d recommend hepatitis B vaccination for everybody,” says Dr. Krishnan. „It’s a safe and effective vaccine. Vaccination can result in immunity for more than 90% of healthy individuals. Hepatitis B could be eradicated with global vaccination.” […] 7 prevention strategies for liver cancer: Get the hepatitis B vaccine. Don’t touch or reuse dirty or used syringes or needles. Use a male condom during vaginal, oral or anal sex. Unprotected sex with an infected partner can transmit hepatitis B. Keep a healthy weight. Get medical care if you have chronic hepatitis. „Treating chronic hepatitis reduces your risk of liver cancer,” says Dr. Krishnan. Don’t drink alcohol in excess. Regular, heavy alcohol use can damage your liver. Quit smoking. Cigarettes generate over 4,000 chemicals that harm the human body including the liver. […] Alcohol increases liver cancer risk by about 10% per drink per day, and tobacco use increases liver cancer risk by approximately 50%.

• #40 Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Health Professional Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.liver-hepatocellular-cancer-prevention-pdq%C2%AE-prevention-health-professional-information-nci.ncicdr0000433282

  Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in Asia and Africa. […] Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of HCC in North America, Europe, and Japan. […] Based on solid evidence, cirrhosis, regardless of its etiology, predisposes patients to HCC. […] Based on solid evidence, heavy alcohol use increases HCC risk. […] Based on solid evidence, aflatoxin B1 exposure increases HCC risk. […] Based on fair evidence, NASH increases risk of HCC. […] Based on fair evidence, cigarette smoking increases HCC risk. […] Based on solid evidence, untreated hereditary hemochromatosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, glycogen storage disease, porphyria cutanea tarda, and Wilson disease increase the risk of HCC, but account for few cases.

• #41 How to Prevent Liver Cancer: Simple Steps for a Healthy Liver

  https://islandhospital.com/how-to-prevent-liver-cancer/

  Achieve and Maintain a Healthy Weight. Obesity is a risk factor for liver cancer. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can help reduce your risk. […] Don’t Smoke. Smoking increases your risk of various cancers, including liver cancer. Quitting smoking or avoiding it altogether is crucial. […] Eat a Balanced Diet. Consume a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while limiting processed foods, red meat, and saturated fats. Avoid foods with high cholesterols and decrease your sugar intake. […] Limit Alcohol Consumption. Heavy alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for liver damage and cancer. Aim for moderation or abstinence. […] Avoid Exposure to Aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are toxins produced by certain moulds that can contaminate grains and nuts. Avoid consuming mouldy or potentially contaminated foods.

• #42 Explore Liver Cancer Prevention Risk factors and Prevention Measures at HCG Oncology

  https://www.hcgoncology.com/types-of-cancers/liver-cancer-prevention/

  Prevention of liver cancer can also be achieved by maintaining a healthy weight. […] Eating a healthy diet assists in optimal liver function and is an important measure that increases the chances of liver cancer prevention. […] Reducing exposure to aflatoxins by avoiding contaminated food can lower ones risk of developing liver cancer. […] Exposure to certain toxins, such as thorium dioxide and vinyl chloride, raises the risk of liver cancer. […] Quitting smoking can increase the chances of liver cancer prevention. […] Routine screening, especially in people with a high risk of liver cancer, helps diagnose and treat liver cancer at an early stage with favorable outcomes. […] Measures that may increase the chances of liver cancer prevention include hepatitis vaccination, a healthy diet, weight management, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol intake. […] Liver cancer cannot be prevented. However, its risk can be reduced by following certain preventive measures, such as vaccination, routine check-ups, and limiting alcohol intake.

• #43 Prevention | National Cancer Prevention Policy Liver Cancer | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/about-us/policy-and-advocacy/early-detection/liver-cancer/prevention

  For individuals with hemochromatosis, family screening, early diagnosis and correcting iron overload can prevent liver fibrosis and hence progression to liver cancer. […] Early detection of haemochromatosis, and correction of hepatic iron overload before development of advanced stage fibrosis, prevents complications including liver cancer. […] Correction of hepatic iron overload by venesection before development of advanced stage fibrosis is an important strategy to prevent liver cancer. […] The World Cancer Research Fund and International Agency for Research on Cancer reviewed the evidence and suggested that coffee drinking decreases the risk of liver cancer. […] Additionally, International Agency for Research on Cancer suggested that coffee drinking has benefits on liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. […] Coffee drinking may protect against liver cancer by reducing insulin levels and thereby type 2 diabetes risk, which is now an established risk factor.

• #44 Can Liver Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Many liver cancers could be prevented by reducing exposure to known risk factors for this disease. […] Preventing hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections […] Avoid or limit alcohol and tobacco use […] Get to and stay at a healthy weight […] Limit exposure to cancer-causing chemicals […] Treat diseases that increase liver cancer risk […] The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that all children and adults up to age 59, as well as older adults at risk for HBV, get the HBV vaccine to reduce their risk of chronic hepatitis B and liver cancer. […] If a person has a chronic HBV or HCV infection, treatment can help slow liver damage and reduce their risk of developing liver cancer. […] Drinking alcohol can lead to cirrhosis, which in turn, can lead to liver cancer. Not drinking alcohol or drinking in moderation could help lower your risk of liver cancer.

• #45 Risk Reduction Strategies to Prevent Liver Cancer | Saint John’s Cancer Institute

  https://www.saintjohnscancer.org/gastrointestinal/conditions-we-treat/liver-cancer/prevention-of-liver-cancer/

  Limit alcohol and tobacco use: Alcohol abuse is a major cause of cirrhosis, which can lead to liver cancer. Preventing liver cancers linked with alcohol abuse remains a challenge. Quitting smoking might also slightly lower the risk of liver cancer, as well as many other life-threatening diseases. […] Maintain a healthy weight: Avoiding obesity might be another way to help protect against liver cancer. People who are obese are more likely to have fatty liver disease and diabetes, both of which have been linked to liver cancer. […] Limit exposure to cancer-causing chemicals: Most developed countries also have regulations to protect consumers and workers from certain chemicals known to cause liver cancer. […] Surveillance for liver cancer: People with a higher risk of developing liver cancer, including those with chronic hepatitis B or C, alcoholic cirrhosis, a family history of primary liver cancer or hemochromatosis, biliary cirrhosis, or alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, should see a liver specialist at Providence Saint Johns for liver cancer surveillance. A blood test that measures levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a protein produced by the liver, is a sensitive test for primary liver cancer. Other blood tests such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) can be elevated in colon cancer that has spread to the liver (colorectal liver metastases). Abdominal ultrasound imaging is another effective screening test for the early detection of primary liver cancer. When performed every six months, these tests can help identify liver cancer at an early, and treatable, stage in people with a higher risk of developing liver cancer.

• #46 Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/liver-prevention-pdq

  Interventions With Adequate Evidence of Decreased Risk of HCC: […] HBV vaccination […] Based on solid evidence, neonatal HBV vaccination or catch-up vaccination at young ages reduces HCC incidence in young adults. […] Treatment for chronic HBV infection […] Based on solid evidence, chronic HBV treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy reduces the risk of HCC. […] Availability of food not contaminated with aflatoxin B1 […] Based on solid evidence, replacement of food highly contaminated with aflatoxin B1 with food that harbors much lower levels of aflatoxin B1 leads to a reduction in liver cancer mortality. […] Interventions With Inadequate Evidence of Decreased Risk of HCC: […] HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) […] Based on fair evidence, HCV treatment with DAAs that results in sustained virological response (SVR) may reduce HCC risk. […] Statin use among adults with HBV or HCV […] Based on fair evidence, statin use may be associated with a reduced risk of developing HCC in patients with HBV or HCV infection.

• #47 Liver Cancer Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/causes-risk-factors

  Liver cancer prevention is action taken to lower the chance of getting cancer. By preventing cancer, the number of new cases of cancer in a group or population is lowered. Hopefully, this will lower the number of deaths caused by cancer. […] Anything that lowers your chance of getting cancer is called a cancer protective factor. Prevention includes avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors. […] The following are protective factors for liver cancer: Getting the hepatitis B vaccine: Preventing HBV infection (by being vaccinated for HBV as a newborn) has been shown to lower the risk of liver cancer in children. It is not yet known if being vaccinated lowers the risk of liver cancer in adults. […] Getting treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection: Treatment options for people with chronic HBV infection include interferon and nucleos(t)ide analog therapy. These treatments may reduce the risk of developing liver cancer. […] Reducing exposure to aflatoxin B1: Replacing foods that contain high amounts of aflatoxin B1 with foods that contain a much lower level of the poison can reduce the risk of liver cancer.

• #48 Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer Prevention: Prevention – Patient Information [NCI] | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=ncicdr0000433423

  Getting treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection: Treatment options for people with chronic HBV infection include interferon and nucleos(t)ide analog therapy. These treatments may reduce the risk of developing liver cancer. […] Reducing exposure to aflatoxin B1: Replacing foods that contain high amounts of aflatoxin B1 with foods that contain a much lower level of the poison can reduce the risk of liver cancer.

• #49 How to Prevent Liver Cancer: Simple Steps for a Healthy Liver

  https://islandhospital.com/how-to-prevent-liver-cancer/

  Achieve and Maintain a Healthy Weight. Obesity is a risk factor for liver cancer. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can help reduce your risk. […] Don’t Smoke. Smoking increases your risk of various cancers, including liver cancer. Quitting smoking or avoiding it altogether is crucial. […] Eat a Balanced Diet. Consume a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while limiting processed foods, red meat, and saturated fats. Avoid foods with high cholesterols and decrease your sugar intake. […] Limit Alcohol Consumption. Heavy alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for liver damage and cancer. Aim for moderation or abstinence. […] Avoid Exposure to Aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are toxins produced by certain moulds that can contaminate grains and nuts. Avoid consuming mouldy or potentially contaminated foods.

• #50 Liver Cancer: Treatment Strategies & Risk Factors | Apollo

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/health-library/liver-cancer-risk-prevention/

  Limit alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption can cause liver damage and increase the risk, one must limit their alcohol intake or stop consuming it altogether. […] Manage diabetes: People with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing liver cancer, so managing blood sugar levels through a healthy diet and regular exercise is important. […] Avoid exposure to toxins: Exposure to certain chemicals and toxins, such as aflatoxins and vinyl chloride, causes liver cancer, and its important to avoid exposure to these substances whenever possible. […] Fortunately, there are several steps that you can take to reduce your risk of liver cancer. Early detection is key to improving the prognosis of liver cancer, so if you are at higher risk, it is important to undergo regular screenings for detecting liver cancer early when it is easier to treat.

• #51

  https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/liver-cancer/prevention.php

  There is no known cure for liver cancer, but there are steps you can take to lower your risk. […] The good news is there are ways to prevent liver cancer by making lifestyle changes that can help reduce your risk. […] Certain hereditary traits, as well as age, sex and race, cannot be altered with lifestyle changes. But there are measures you can take to help protect yourself against environmental factors that can lead to liver cancer. […] The National Cancer Institute advises that you: Maintain a healthy weight. Avoid smoking. Limit your alcohol intake. Vaccinate against hepatitis B. The vaccine is recommended for all infants and for adults who may be at an elevated risk of liver cancer. Protecting against hepatitis can reduce overall incidences of liver cancer by half. Test for hepatitis C and receive medical care if you test positive. Additional steps include using a condom during sexual intercourse and avoiding the use of intravenous drugs. Screen for liver cancer if you have multiple risk factors for the disease.

• #52 Liver Cancer Screenings | University of Cincinnati Cancer Center

  https://www.uchealth.com/en/treatments-and-procedures/liver-cancer-screening

  Early detection of liver cancer is critical for successful treatment. The earlier liver cancer is found, the more treatment options are available, and the better the chances of a favorable outcome. Regular screening is essential for those at high risk, as liver cancer often does not show symptoms in its early stages. […] Adopting a healthy lifestyle is a key component in preventing liver cancer. This includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco use. Additionally, hepatitis B vaccination is highly effective in preventing hepatitis B-related liver cancer and is recommended for all newborns and certain high-risk adults.

• #53 How can liver cancer be prevented? | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY

  https://www.roswellpark.org/cancer/liver/prevention-screening

  You can reduce your risk for developing liver cancer by taking steps to address any modifiable risk factors. These may include: […] Prevent hepatitis B infection by getting the hepatitis B vaccine […] Seek treatment for hepatitis C infection. Hepatitis C can now be effectively treated with medication. […] Avoid heavy alcohol use. Drinking more than two alcoholic beverages a day for years raises the risk of developing liver cancer, particularly among people with hepatitis B or C infection. […] Maintain a healthy weight. Obesity and diabetes are related to fatty liver disease, and a severe form of this, called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can lead to an inflamed liver and cirrhosis. People with cirrhosis due to NASH have a 6-7% chance of developing liver cancer within 10 years. […] People who face a higher risk for liver cancer due to hepatitis infection, cirrhosis or other problems with their liver, should undergo additional tests as part of their routine health care, such as: […] Ultrasound imaging of the liver […] Blood tests to measure alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

• #54 Risk Reduction Strategies to Prevent Liver Cancer | Saint John’s Cancer Institute

  https://www.saintjohnscancer.org/gastrointestinal/conditions-we-treat/liver-cancer/prevention-of-liver-cancer/

  Limit alcohol and tobacco use: Alcohol abuse is a major cause of cirrhosis, which can lead to liver cancer. Preventing liver cancers linked with alcohol abuse remains a challenge. Quitting smoking might also slightly lower the risk of liver cancer, as well as many other life-threatening diseases. […] Maintain a healthy weight: Avoiding obesity might be another way to help protect against liver cancer. People who are obese are more likely to have fatty liver disease and diabetes, both of which have been linked to liver cancer. […] Limit exposure to cancer-causing chemicals: Most developed countries also have regulations to protect consumers and workers from certain chemicals known to cause liver cancer. […] Surveillance for liver cancer: People with a higher risk of developing liver cancer, including those with chronic hepatitis B or C, alcoholic cirrhosis, a family history of primary liver cancer or hemochromatosis, biliary cirrhosis, or alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, should see a liver specialist at Providence Saint Johns for liver cancer surveillance. A blood test that measures levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a protein produced by the liver, is a sensitive test for primary liver cancer. Other blood tests such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) can be elevated in colon cancer that has spread to the liver (colorectal liver metastases). Abdominal ultrasound imaging is another effective screening test for the early detection of primary liver cancer. When performed every six months, these tests can help identify liver cancer at an early, and treatable, stage in people with a higher risk of developing liver cancer.

• #55 Liver Cancer Awareness and Prevention | Liver Cancer | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/liver-cancer/liver-cancer-awareness-and-prevention/

  Liver cancer is treatable and sometimes even curable when its caught early. Thats why its important to be aware of the risk and recognize any symptoms that could be associated with the disease. […] For people who have a high risk for liver cancer because of cirrhosis, UT Southwestern Medical Center offers regular screenings to catch any signs of cancer as early as possible. […] Dr. Singal published findings highlighting that liver cancer survival rates could be significantly improved if more people with cirrhosis were screened for tumors using readily available, inexpensive, and noninvasive abdominal ultrasound scans and blood tests. […] Researchers at UT Southwestern’s Simmons Cancer Center have found that combining ultrasound imaging with a blood test can improve liver cancer detection by 40 percent. […] Hepatitis B or C are both treatable conditions and treatment of these conditions significantly reduces the risk of developing HCC. […] Screening for cholangiocarcinoma using MRI and blood tests is encouraged by some experts.

• #56 Liver Cancer Screening/Prevention | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)

  https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/liver-cancer/liver-cancer-screening-prevention

  Nevertheless, some physicians recommend that individuals at high risk of liver cancer undergo regular screening with tests such as ultrasound of the liver and/or alpha-fetoprotein testing. […] An ultrasound of the liver every 6-12 months may be recommended in order to detect liver cancer at the earliest possible stage in high-risk individuals. […] Liver cancer can result in elevated blood levels of a protein known as alpha-fetoprotein, and AFP testing may be used as a screening tool for liver cancer. […] The potential for earlier detection and higher cure rates increases with the advent of more refined screening techniques. […] Researchers continue to search for new ways to prevent liver cancer from developing in the first place.

• #57 Can Liver Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Smoking also increases the risk of liver cancer, so if you smoke, quitting will help lower your risk of this cancer, as well as many other cancers and life-threatening diseases. […] Staying at a healthy weight might be another way to lower your risk of liver cancer. People who have excess weight are more likely to have fatty liver disease and diabetes, both of which have been linked to liver cancer. […] Certain inherited diseases can cause cirrhosis of the liver, increasing a persons risk for liver cancer. Finding and treating these diseases early in life could lower this risk.

• #58 Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Health Professional Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.liver-hepatocellular-cancer-prevention-pdq%C2%AE-prevention-health-professional-information-nci.ncicdr0000433282

  Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in Asia and Africa. […] Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of HCC in North America, Europe, and Japan. […] Based on solid evidence, cirrhosis, regardless of its etiology, predisposes patients to HCC. […] Based on solid evidence, heavy alcohol use increases HCC risk. […] Based on solid evidence, aflatoxin B1 exposure increases HCC risk. […] Based on fair evidence, NASH increases risk of HCC. […] Based on fair evidence, cigarette smoking increases HCC risk. […] Based on solid evidence, untreated hereditary hemochromatosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, glycogen storage disease, porphyria cutanea tarda, and Wilson disease increase the risk of HCC, but account for few cases.

• #59 Prevention | National Cancer Prevention Policy Liver Cancer | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/about-us/policy-and-advocacy/early-detection/liver-cancer/prevention

  For individuals with hemochromatosis, family screening, early diagnosis and correcting iron overload can prevent liver fibrosis and hence progression to liver cancer. […] Early detection of haemochromatosis, and correction of hepatic iron overload before development of advanced stage fibrosis, prevents complications including liver cancer. […] Correction of hepatic iron overload by venesection before development of advanced stage fibrosis is an important strategy to prevent liver cancer. […] The World Cancer Research Fund and International Agency for Research on Cancer reviewed the evidence and suggested that coffee drinking decreases the risk of liver cancer. […] Additionally, International Agency for Research on Cancer suggested that coffee drinking has benefits on liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. […] Coffee drinking may protect against liver cancer by reducing insulin levels and thereby type 2 diabetes risk, which is now an established risk factor.

• #60 Prevention | National Cancer Prevention Policy Liver Cancer | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/about-us/policy-and-advocacy/early-detection/liver-cancer/prevention

  For individuals with hemochromatosis, family screening, early diagnosis and correcting iron overload can prevent liver fibrosis and hence progression to liver cancer. […] Early detection of haemochromatosis, and correction of hepatic iron overload before development of advanced stage fibrosis, prevents complications including liver cancer. […] Correction of hepatic iron overload by venesection before development of advanced stage fibrosis is an important strategy to prevent liver cancer. […] The World Cancer Research Fund and International Agency for Research on Cancer reviewed the evidence and suggested that coffee drinking decreases the risk of liver cancer. […] Additionally, International Agency for Research on Cancer suggested that coffee drinking has benefits on liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. […] Coffee drinking may protect against liver cancer by reducing insulin levels and thereby type 2 diabetes risk, which is now an established risk factor.

• #61 To reduce your liver cancer risk, prevent liver disease – and cirrhosis – Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center Blog

  https://cancerblog.mayoclinic.org/2023/12/13/to-reduce-your-liver-cancer-risk-prevent-liver-disease-and-cirrhosis/

  If you have hepatitis B or C, seek treatment. If you’re 18 years of age or older, Dr. Harnois recommends getting tested for hepatitis. Treatments are available for hepatitis b and hepatitis C infections, and research shows that treatment can reduce the risk of liver cancer. „Treating hepatitis C substantially reduces your risk of liver cancer and reduces your risk of developing cirrhosis. But even if you have cirrhosis, if you treat hepatitis C, it will reduce your risk of liver cancer,” she says. […] Know your family medical history. Certain inherited liver diseases can increase the risk of liver cancer, including hemochromatosis and Wilson’s disease. „These diseases can put you at risk for developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. Talk to your healthcare professional about testing and treatment if you have family members with these conditions,” says Dr. Harnois.

• #62 Latest advances in hepatocellular carcinoma management and prevention through advanced technologies | Egyptian Liver Journal | Full Text

  https://eglj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43066-023-00306-3

  Pharmacological interventions have also been investigated for the prevention of HCC. Aspirin has been shown to reduce the risk of HCC in patients with chronic liver disease, with long-term use associated with a 30% reduction in HCC risk. […] Statins, commonly used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, have also been associated with a reduced risk of HCC in observational studies. […] Emerging evidence also suggests that metformin, a medication used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, may have a protective effect against HCC.

• #63 Latest advances in hepatocellular carcinoma management and prevention through advanced technologies | Egyptian Liver Journal | Full Text

  https://eglj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43066-023-00306-3

  Pharmacological interventions have also been investigated for the prevention of HCC. Aspirin has been shown to reduce the risk of HCC in patients with chronic liver disease, with long-term use associated with a 30% reduction in HCC risk. […] Statins, commonly used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, have also been associated with a reduced risk of HCC in observational studies. […] Emerging evidence also suggests that metformin, a medication used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, may have a protective effect against HCC.

• #64 Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/liver-prevention-pdq

  Interventions With Adequate Evidence of Decreased Risk of HCC: […] HBV vaccination […] Based on solid evidence, neonatal HBV vaccination or catch-up vaccination at young ages reduces HCC incidence in young adults. […] Treatment for chronic HBV infection […] Based on solid evidence, chronic HBV treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy reduces the risk of HCC. […] Availability of food not contaminated with aflatoxin B1 […] Based on solid evidence, replacement of food highly contaminated with aflatoxin B1 with food that harbors much lower levels of aflatoxin B1 leads to a reduction in liver cancer mortality. […] Interventions With Inadequate Evidence of Decreased Risk of HCC: […] HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) […] Based on fair evidence, HCV treatment with DAAs that results in sustained virological response (SVR) may reduce HCC risk. […] Statin use among adults with HBV or HCV […] Based on fair evidence, statin use may be associated with a reduced risk of developing HCC in patients with HBV or HCV infection.

• #65 Latest advances in hepatocellular carcinoma management and prevention through advanced technologies | Egyptian Liver Journal | Full Text

  https://eglj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43066-023-00306-3

  Pharmacological interventions have also been investigated for the prevention of HCC. Aspirin has been shown to reduce the risk of HCC in patients with chronic liver disease, with long-term use associated with a 30% reduction in HCC risk. […] Statins, commonly used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, have also been associated with a reduced risk of HCC in observational studies. […] Emerging evidence also suggests that metformin, a medication used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, may have a protective effect against HCC.

• #66 Prevention of liver cancer in the era of next-generation antivirals and obesity epidemic – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39808821/

  Secondary prevention (after or during active exposure to risk factors) includes regular HCC screening and chemoprevention. […] Emerging biomarkers and imaging modalities for HCC risk stratification and detection may enable individual risk-based personalized and cost-effective HCC screening. […] Clinical studies have suggested the potential utility of lipid-lowering, antidiabetic/obesity, and anti-inflammatory agents for secondary prevention, and some of them are being evaluated in prospective clinical trials. […] Computational and experimental studies have identified potential chemopreventive strategies directed at diverse molecular, cellular, and systemic targets for etiology-specific and/or agnostic interventions. […] Tertiary prevention (in conjunction with curative-intent therapies for HCC) is an area of active research with the development of new immune-based neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies. […] Cholangiocarcinoma prevention may advance with recent efforts to elucidate risk factors. […] These advances will collectively lead to substantial improvements in liver cancer mortality rates.

• #67

  https://journals.lww.com/hep/fulltext/9900/prevention_of_liver_cancer_in_the_era_of.1139.aspx

  Secondary prevention (after or during active exposure to risk factors) includes regular HCC screening and chemoprevention. […] Emerging biomarkers and imaging modalities for HCC risk stratification and detection may enable individual risk-based personalized and cost-effective HCC screening. […] Clinical studies have suggested the potential utility of lipid-lowering, antidiabetic/obesity, and anti-inflammatory agents for secondary prevention, and some of them are being evaluated in prospective clinical trials. […] Tertiary prevention (in conjunction with curative-intent therapies for HCC) is an area of active research with the development of new immune-based neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies. […] Cholangiocarcinoma prevention may advance with recent efforts to elucidate risk factors. […] These advances will collectively lead to substantial improvements in liver cancer mortality rates.

• #68

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11912-002-0057-4

  Agents exhibiting chemopreventive efficacy in preclinical HCC models include vitamins A, D, and E, herbal extracts, a 5-reductase inhibitor, green tea, and D-limonene. […] Efforts to elucidate the molecular lesions and processes underlying HCC development have identified several putative molecular targets for preventive interventions. These include genes and gene products controlling viral replication, carcinogen metabolism, signal transduction, cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, proliferation, and oxidative stress.

• #69

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11912-002-0057-4

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most prevalent and deadly cancers worldwide. Prominent risk factors for HCC include viral hepatitis infection; dietary exposure to hepatotoxic contaminants such as aflatoxins; alcoholism; smoking; and male gender. This review highlights ongoing efforts in HCC prevention. Strategies include vaccination against, and treatment of, viral hepatitis infection. […] In addition to interferon, an acyclic retinoid (all-trans-3,7,11, 15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentanoic acid), glycyrrhizin and ginseng are currently under clinical investigation for HCC prevention in Japanese hepatitis C patients. […] Several recent clinical studies in a Chinese region of pervasive aflatoxin contamination also support the approach of favorably altering aflatoxin metabolism and excretion using the chemopreventive agents oltipraz or chlorophyllin.

• #70 Liver cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_cancer

  Prevention of cancers can be separated into primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention preemptively reduces exposure to a risk factor for liver cancer. One of the most successful primary liver cancer preventions is vaccination against hepatitis B. Vaccination against the hepatitis C virus is currently unavailable. Other forms of primary prevention are aimed at limiting transmission of these viruses by promoting safe injection practices, screening blood donation products, and screening high-risk asymptomatic individuals. Aflatoxin exposure can be avoided by post-harvest intervention to discourage mold, which has been effective in west Africa. Reducing alcohol use disorder, obesity, and diabetes mellitus would also reduce rates of liver cancer. Diet control in hemochromatosis could decrease the risk of iron overload, decreasing the risk of cancer.

• #71 Liver cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_cancer

  Prevention of cancers can be separated into primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention preemptively reduces exposure to a risk factor for liver cancer. One of the most successful primary liver cancer preventions is vaccination against hepatitis B. Vaccination against the hepatitis C virus is currently unavailable. Other forms of primary prevention are aimed at limiting transmission of these viruses by promoting safe injection practices, screening blood donation products, and screening high-risk asymptomatic individuals. Aflatoxin exposure can be avoided by post-harvest intervention to discourage mold, which has been effective in west Africa. Reducing alcohol use disorder, obesity, and diabetes mellitus would also reduce rates of liver cancer. Diet control in hemochromatosis could decrease the risk of iron overload, decreasing the risk of cancer.

• #72 Prevention of liver cancer in the era of next-generation antivirals and obesity epidemic – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39808821/

  Preventive interventions are expected to substantially improve the prognosis of patients with primary liver cancer, predominantly HCC and cholangiocarcinoma. […] HCC prevention is challenging in the face of the evolving etiological landscape, particularly the sharp increase in obesity-associated metabolic disorders, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. […] Next-generation anti-HCV and HBV drugs have substantially reduced, but not eliminated, the risk of HCC and have given way to new challenges in identifying at-risk patients. […] The recent development of new therapeutic agents and modalities has opened unprecedented opportunities to refine primary, secondary, and tertiary HCC prevention strategies. […] For primary prevention (before exposure to risk factors), public health policies, such as universal HBV vaccination, have had a substantial prognostic impact.

• #73

  https://journals.lww.com/hep/fulltext/9900/prevention_of_liver_cancer_in_the_era_of.1139.aspx

  Preventive interventions are expected to substantially improve the prognosis of patients with primary liver cancer, predominantly HCC and cholangiocarcinoma. […] HCC prevention is challenging in the face of the evolving etiological landscape, particularly the sharp increase in obesity-associated metabolic disorders, including metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease. […] Next-generation anti-HCV and HBV drugs have substantially reduced, but not eliminated, the risk of HCC and have given way to new challenges in identifying at-risk patients. […] The recent development of new therapeutic agents and modalities has opened unprecedented opportunities to refine primary, secondary, and tertiary HCC prevention strategies. […] For primary prevention (before exposure to risk factors), public health policies, such as universal HBV vaccination, have had a substantial prognostic impact.

• #74 Liver cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_cancer

  Prevention of cancers can be separated into primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention preemptively reduces exposure to a risk factor for liver cancer. One of the most successful primary liver cancer preventions is vaccination against hepatitis B. Vaccination against the hepatitis C virus is currently unavailable. Other forms of primary prevention are aimed at limiting transmission of these viruses by promoting safe injection practices, screening blood donation products, and screening high-risk asymptomatic individuals. Aflatoxin exposure can be avoided by post-harvest intervention to discourage mold, which has been effective in west Africa. Reducing alcohol use disorder, obesity, and diabetes mellitus would also reduce rates of liver cancer. Diet control in hemochromatosis could decrease the risk of iron overload, decreasing the risk of cancer.

• #75 Liver cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_cancer

  Secondary prevention includes both cure of the agent involved in the formation of cancer (carcinogenesis) and the prevention of carcinogenesis if this is not possible. Cure of virus-infected individuals is not possible, but treatment with antiviral drugs can decrease the risk of liver cancer. Chlorophyllin may have potential in reducing the effects of aflatoxin. […] Tertiary prevention includes treatments to prevent the recurrence of liver cancer. These include the use of surgical interventions, chemotherapy drugs, and antiviral drugs.

• #76 Prevention of liver cancer in the era of next-generation antivirals and obesity epidemic – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39808821/

  Secondary prevention (after or during active exposure to risk factors) includes regular HCC screening and chemoprevention. […] Emerging biomarkers and imaging modalities for HCC risk stratification and detection may enable individual risk-based personalized and cost-effective HCC screening. […] Clinical studies have suggested the potential utility of lipid-lowering, antidiabetic/obesity, and anti-inflammatory agents for secondary prevention, and some of them are being evaluated in prospective clinical trials. […] Computational and experimental studies have identified potential chemopreventive strategies directed at diverse molecular, cellular, and systemic targets for etiology-specific and/or agnostic interventions. […] Tertiary prevention (in conjunction with curative-intent therapies for HCC) is an area of active research with the development of new immune-based neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies. […] Cholangiocarcinoma prevention may advance with recent efforts to elucidate risk factors. […] These advances will collectively lead to substantial improvements in liver cancer mortality rates.

• #77

  https://journals.lww.com/hep/fulltext/9900/prevention_of_liver_cancer_in_the_era_of.1139.aspx

  Secondary prevention (after or during active exposure to risk factors) includes regular HCC screening and chemoprevention. […] Emerging biomarkers and imaging modalities for HCC risk stratification and detection may enable individual risk-based personalized and cost-effective HCC screening. […] Clinical studies have suggested the potential utility of lipid-lowering, antidiabetic/obesity, and anti-inflammatory agents for secondary prevention, and some of them are being evaluated in prospective clinical trials. […] Tertiary prevention (in conjunction with curative-intent therapies for HCC) is an area of active research with the development of new immune-based neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies. […] Cholangiocarcinoma prevention may advance with recent efforts to elucidate risk factors. […] These advances will collectively lead to substantial improvements in liver cancer mortality rates.

• #78 Prevention of liver cancer in the era of next-generation antivirals and obesity epidemic – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39808821/

  Secondary prevention (after or during active exposure to risk factors) includes regular HCC screening and chemoprevention. […] Emerging biomarkers and imaging modalities for HCC risk stratification and detection may enable individual risk-based personalized and cost-effective HCC screening. […] Clinical studies have suggested the potential utility of lipid-lowering, antidiabetic/obesity, and anti-inflammatory agents for secondary prevention, and some of them are being evaluated in prospective clinical trials. […] Computational and experimental studies have identified potential chemopreventive strategies directed at diverse molecular, cellular, and systemic targets for etiology-specific and/or agnostic interventions. […] Tertiary prevention (in conjunction with curative-intent therapies for HCC) is an area of active research with the development of new immune-based neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies. […] Cholangiocarcinoma prevention may advance with recent efforts to elucidate risk factors. […] These advances will collectively lead to substantial improvements in liver cancer mortality rates.

• #79

  https://journals.lww.com/hep/fulltext/9900/prevention_of_liver_cancer_in_the_era_of.1139.aspx

  Secondary prevention (after or during active exposure to risk factors) includes regular HCC screening and chemoprevention. […] Emerging biomarkers and imaging modalities for HCC risk stratification and detection may enable individual risk-based personalized and cost-effective HCC screening. […] Clinical studies have suggested the potential utility of lipid-lowering, antidiabetic/obesity, and anti-inflammatory agents for secondary prevention, and some of them are being evaluated in prospective clinical trials. […] Tertiary prevention (in conjunction with curative-intent therapies for HCC) is an area of active research with the development of new immune-based neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies. […] Cholangiocarcinoma prevention may advance with recent efforts to elucidate risk factors. […] These advances will collectively lead to substantial improvements in liver cancer mortality rates.

• #80 Liver cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_cancer

  Secondary prevention includes both cure of the agent involved in the formation of cancer (carcinogenesis) and the prevention of carcinogenesis if this is not possible. Cure of virus-infected individuals is not possible, but treatment with antiviral drugs can decrease the risk of liver cancer. Chlorophyllin may have potential in reducing the effects of aflatoxin. […] Tertiary prevention includes treatments to prevent the recurrence of liver cancer. These include the use of surgical interventions, chemotherapy drugs, and antiviral drugs.

• #81 Prevention of liver cancer in the era of next-generation antivirals and obesity epidemic – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39808821/

  Secondary prevention (after or during active exposure to risk factors) includes regular HCC screening and chemoprevention. […] Emerging biomarkers and imaging modalities for HCC risk stratification and detection may enable individual risk-based personalized and cost-effective HCC screening. […] Clinical studies have suggested the potential utility of lipid-lowering, antidiabetic/obesity, and anti-inflammatory agents for secondary prevention, and some of them are being evaluated in prospective clinical trials. […] Computational and experimental studies have identified potential chemopreventive strategies directed at diverse molecular, cellular, and systemic targets for etiology-specific and/or agnostic interventions. […] Tertiary prevention (in conjunction with curative-intent therapies for HCC) is an area of active research with the development of new immune-based neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies. […] Cholangiocarcinoma prevention may advance with recent efforts to elucidate risk factors. […] These advances will collectively lead to substantial improvements in liver cancer mortality rates.

• #82

  https://journals.lww.com/hep/fulltext/9900/prevention_of_liver_cancer_in_the_era_of.1139.aspx

  Secondary prevention (after or during active exposure to risk factors) includes regular HCC screening and chemoprevention. […] Emerging biomarkers and imaging modalities for HCC risk stratification and detection may enable individual risk-based personalized and cost-effective HCC screening. […] Clinical studies have suggested the potential utility of lipid-lowering, antidiabetic/obesity, and anti-inflammatory agents for secondary prevention, and some of them are being evaluated in prospective clinical trials. […] Tertiary prevention (in conjunction with curative-intent therapies for HCC) is an area of active research with the development of new immune-based neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies. […] Cholangiocarcinoma prevention may advance with recent efforts to elucidate risk factors. […] These advances will collectively lead to substantial improvements in liver cancer mortality rates.

• #83 Current and emerging strategies for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma | Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-024-01021-z

  We categorize the preventive strategies by the mechanism of action, including anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycaemic, lipid-lowering, nutrition and dietary, antiviral, and antifibrotic pathways. […] HCC-preventive approaches target modifiable risk factors, with lifestyle changes, antiviral agents and pharmacological interventions showing efficacy in reducing the progression of underlying chronic liver diseases. […] Antiviral therapies for hepatitis B virus, coupled with vaccination, have notably decreased HCC incidence by mitigating new viral transmission and liver disease progression, but complete viral eradication remains a challenge. […] Research indicates that hypoglycaemic agents, lipid-lowering drugs and aspirin potentially reduce HCC risk, but further prospective investigation with randomized controlled trials is required. […] A multifaceted approach that combines pharmacological, lifestyle and dietary strategies shows promise for tailored HCC prevention, but rigorous randomized trials are needed to validate clinical efficacy and safety.

• #84 Liver cancer risk prevention – Digestive Cancers Europe

  https://digestivecancers.eu/liver-cancer-prevention/

  Because several of the risk factors listed above are related to lifestyle, there are ways to reduce risk of liver cancer. […] Vaccinate children against hepatitis B. The HBV vaccine is recommended for all infants and children up to age 18 years by the World Health Organization (WHO). Unfortunately, there is no vaccine available yet for hepatitis C. […] Treat hepatitis C. Although there is no vaccine for hepatitis C, its usually possible to cure the infection with antiviral treatment, and most people with it will have a normal life expectancy. […] Avoid sharing needles and use safe sex practices (e.g. use condoms). Hepatitis B and C can spread from person to person through sharing contaminated needles (such as in drug use) and through unprotected sex. […] Limit alcohol and tobacco use. Drinking is a major risk factor for cirrhosis and liver cancer. Tobacco increases the risk of liver cancer and many other diseases. […] Maintain a healthy weight. Avoiding obesity can reduce the risk of fatty liver disease, which is linked to liver cancer.

• #85 Help prevent liver cancer with 7 simple steps | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/cancer/cancer-risk-and-prevention/help-prevent-liver-cancer-with-7-simple-steps

  Most liver cancers are potentially preventable. This is thanks to hepatitis B virus vaccination, screening and treatment of the hepatitis C virus, maintaining a healthy body weight, high-quality diabetes care, prevention of excessive alcohol drinking and tobacco control. […] „I’d recommend hepatitis B vaccination for everybody,” says Dr. Krishnan. „It’s a safe and effective vaccine. Vaccination can result in immunity for more than 90% of healthy individuals. Hepatitis B could be eradicated with global vaccination.” […] 7 prevention strategies for liver cancer: Get the hepatitis B vaccine. Don’t touch or reuse dirty or used syringes or needles. Use a male condom during vaginal, oral or anal sex. Unprotected sex with an infected partner can transmit hepatitis B. Keep a healthy weight. Get medical care if you have chronic hepatitis. „Treating chronic hepatitis reduces your risk of liver cancer,” says Dr. Krishnan. Don’t drink alcohol in excess. Regular, heavy alcohol use can damage your liver. Quit smoking. Cigarettes generate over 4,000 chemicals that harm the human body including the liver. […] Alcohol increases liver cancer risk by about 10% per drink per day, and tobacco use increases liver cancer risk by approximately 50%.

• #86 Help prevent liver cancer with 7 simple steps | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/cancer/cancer-risk-and-prevention/help-prevent-liver-cancer-with-7-simple-steps

  Most liver cancers are potentially preventable. This is thanks to hepatitis B virus vaccination, screening and treatment of the hepatitis C virus, maintaining a healthy body weight, high-quality diabetes care, prevention of excessive alcohol drinking and tobacco control. […] „I’d recommend hepatitis B vaccination for everybody,” says Dr. Krishnan. „It’s a safe and effective vaccine. Vaccination can result in immunity for more than 90% of healthy individuals. Hepatitis B could be eradicated with global vaccination.” […] 7 prevention strategies for liver cancer: Get the hepatitis B vaccine. Don’t touch or reuse dirty or used syringes or needles. Use a male condom during vaginal, oral or anal sex. Unprotected sex with an infected partner can transmit hepatitis B. Keep a healthy weight. Get medical care if you have chronic hepatitis. „Treating chronic hepatitis reduces your risk of liver cancer,” says Dr. Krishnan. Don’t drink alcohol in excess. Regular, heavy alcohol use can damage your liver. Quit smoking. Cigarettes generate over 4,000 chemicals that harm the human body including the liver. […] Alcohol increases liver cancer risk by about 10% per drink per day, and tobacco use increases liver cancer risk by approximately 50%.

• #87 Help prevent liver cancer with 7 simple steps | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/cancer/cancer-risk-and-prevention/help-prevent-liver-cancer-with-7-simple-steps

  Most liver cancers are potentially preventable. This is thanks to hepatitis B virus vaccination, screening and treatment of the hepatitis C virus, maintaining a healthy body weight, high-quality diabetes care, prevention of excessive alcohol drinking and tobacco control. […] „I’d recommend hepatitis B vaccination for everybody,” says Dr. Krishnan. „It’s a safe and effective vaccine. Vaccination can result in immunity for more than 90% of healthy individuals. Hepatitis B could be eradicated with global vaccination.” […] 7 prevention strategies for liver cancer: Get the hepatitis B vaccine. Don’t touch or reuse dirty or used syringes or needles. Use a male condom during vaginal, oral or anal sex. Unprotected sex with an infected partner can transmit hepatitis B. Keep a healthy weight. Get medical care if you have chronic hepatitis. „Treating chronic hepatitis reduces your risk of liver cancer,” says Dr. Krishnan. Don’t drink alcohol in excess. Regular, heavy alcohol use can damage your liver. Quit smoking. Cigarettes generate over 4,000 chemicals that harm the human body including the liver. […] Alcohol increases liver cancer risk by about 10% per drink per day, and tobacco use increases liver cancer risk by approximately 50%.

• #88 Liver cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/liver-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20353659

  Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver, and it increases the risk of liver cancer. You can reduce your risk of cirrhosis if you: […] Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all. If you choose to drink alcohol, limit the amount you drink. For women, this means no more than one drink a day. For men, this means no more than two drinks a day. […] Maintain a healthy weight. If your current weight is healthy, work to maintain it by choosing a healthy diet and exercising most days of the week. If you need to lose weight, reduce the number of calories you eat each day and increase the amount of exercise you do. Aim to lose weight slowly 1 or 2 pounds (0.5 to 1 kilograms) each week. […] You can reduce your risk of hepatitis B by receiving the hepatitis B vaccine. The vaccine can be given to almost anyone, including infants, older adults and those with compromised immune systems.

• #89 To reduce your liver cancer risk, prevent liver disease – and cirrhosis – Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center Blog

  https://cancerblog.mayoclinic.org/2023/12/13/to-reduce-your-liver-cancer-risk-prevent-liver-disease-and-cirrhosis/

  Hepatocellular carcinoma occurs most often in people with underlying liver disease. „Having liver disease puts you at risk for cirrhosis scarring of the liver. It’s cirrhosis that predominantly puts you at risk for the development of liver cancer,” says Denise Harnois, D.O., a Mayo Clinic transplant hepatologist. […] „It’s the cirrhosis that puts you at risk. If you prevent the development of liver disease, or if you develop some evidence of liver disease and you don’t let it progress to the point where it causes cirrhosis that’s the first piece of prevention,” says Dr. Harnois. […] Here’s what you can do to prevent liver disease and cirrhosis: […] If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. For women, this means no more than one drink a day. For men, this means no more than two drinks a day.

• #90 Help prevent liver cancer with 7 simple steps | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/cancer/cancer-risk-and-prevention/help-prevent-liver-cancer-with-7-simple-steps

  Most liver cancers are potentially preventable. This is thanks to hepatitis B virus vaccination, screening and treatment of the hepatitis C virus, maintaining a healthy body weight, high-quality diabetes care, prevention of excessive alcohol drinking and tobacco control. […] „I’d recommend hepatitis B vaccination for everybody,” says Dr. Krishnan. „It’s a safe and effective vaccine. Vaccination can result in immunity for more than 90% of healthy individuals. Hepatitis B could be eradicated with global vaccination.” […] 7 prevention strategies for liver cancer: Get the hepatitis B vaccine. Don’t touch or reuse dirty or used syringes or needles. Use a male condom during vaginal, oral or anal sex. Unprotected sex with an infected partner can transmit hepatitis B. Keep a healthy weight. Get medical care if you have chronic hepatitis. „Treating chronic hepatitis reduces your risk of liver cancer,” says Dr. Krishnan. Don’t drink alcohol in excess. Regular, heavy alcohol use can damage your liver. Quit smoking. Cigarettes generate over 4,000 chemicals that harm the human body including the liver. […] Alcohol increases liver cancer risk by about 10% per drink per day, and tobacco use increases liver cancer risk by approximately 50%.

• #91 Prevention » Hepatitis B Foundation

  https://www.hepb.org/research-and-programs/liver/prevention-of-liver-cancer/

  Liver cancer is preventable if the primary risk factors such as chronic hepatitis B and C infections can be eliminated. The number of cases of liver cancer is expected to grow dramatically over the next 20 years if prevention strategies are not promoted. […] The hepatitis B vaccine was named the first anti-cancer vaccine by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration because it prevents chronic hepatitis B infections, thereby preventing liver cancer caused by the hepatitis B virus. […] In general preventing cirrhosis can reduce the risk of liver cancer. The most important way to prevent cirrhosis is to prevent chronic infections of hepatitis B and C in the first place. […] Regular visits allow for the early detection of liver cancer or other complications, improving the likelihood of successful treatment and better health outcomes.

• #92 Help prevent liver cancer with 7 simple steps | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/cancer/cancer-risk-and-prevention/help-prevent-liver-cancer-with-7-simple-steps

  Most liver cancers are potentially preventable. This is thanks to hepatitis B virus vaccination, screening and treatment of the hepatitis C virus, maintaining a healthy body weight, high-quality diabetes care, prevention of excessive alcohol drinking and tobacco control. […] „I’d recommend hepatitis B vaccination for everybody,” says Dr. Krishnan. „It’s a safe and effective vaccine. Vaccination can result in immunity for more than 90% of healthy individuals. Hepatitis B could be eradicated with global vaccination.” […] 7 prevention strategies for liver cancer: Get the hepatitis B vaccine. Don’t touch or reuse dirty or used syringes or needles. Use a male condom during vaginal, oral or anal sex. Unprotected sex with an infected partner can transmit hepatitis B. Keep a healthy weight. Get medical care if you have chronic hepatitis. „Treating chronic hepatitis reduces your risk of liver cancer,” says Dr. Krishnan. Don’t drink alcohol in excess. Regular, heavy alcohol use can damage your liver. Quit smoking. Cigarettes generate over 4,000 chemicals that harm the human body including the liver. […] Alcohol increases liver cancer risk by about 10% per drink per day, and tobacco use increases liver cancer risk by approximately 50%.

• #93 Current and emerging strategies for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma | Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-024-01021-z

  We categorize the preventive strategies by the mechanism of action, including anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycaemic, lipid-lowering, nutrition and dietary, antiviral, and antifibrotic pathways. […] HCC-preventive approaches target modifiable risk factors, with lifestyle changes, antiviral agents and pharmacological interventions showing efficacy in reducing the progression of underlying chronic liver diseases. […] Antiviral therapies for hepatitis B virus, coupled with vaccination, have notably decreased HCC incidence by mitigating new viral transmission and liver disease progression, but complete viral eradication remains a challenge. […] Research indicates that hypoglycaemic agents, lipid-lowering drugs and aspirin potentially reduce HCC risk, but further prospective investigation with randomized controlled trials is required. […] A multifaceted approach that combines pharmacological, lifestyle and dietary strategies shows promise for tailored HCC prevention, but rigorous randomized trials are needed to validate clinical efficacy and safety.

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