Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.karmanos.org/karmanos/liver-cancer-treated-at-karmanos

  Liver cancer is when cancer (malignant) cells form within the tissues of the liver. The most common type of liver cancer in adults is called hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which develops in individuals with chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis virus infection or cirrhosis. […] There are different treatment types for patients with liver cancer including surgery, transplant, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and proton therapy. New treatments are also being tested in clinical trials.

• #2 Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-liver-cancer

  Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). […] Ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen). […] Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) or a palpable mass in the abdomen. […] Abnormal liver function tests. […] Assessment of Pain and Discomfort: Determine location, quality, and severity of abdominal pain. […] Nutritional Status Assessment: Monitor for signs of weight loss, muscle wasting, and malnutrition. […] Evaluation of Liver Function: Regular monitoring of liver enzymes, bilirubin levels, and other relevant blood tests. […] Psychosocial Assessment: Evaluate the patients and familys understanding of the illness and their coping mechanisms. […] Pain related to liver distension or metastasis. […] Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to altered metabolism and decreased appetite. […] Risk for Fluid Volume Excess related to compromised liver function and ascites. […] Anxiety related to the diagnosis of cancer and uncertainty about the future.

• #3 Liver Cancer Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/liver-cancer-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Assessment: Monitor Vital Signs and Physical Status, Evaluate Liver Function, Assess Nutritional Status, Monitor for Complications, Review Treatment Response. […] Nursing Care Plans: Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Acute Pain related to tumor mass effect and liver capsule distention as evidenced by reported right upper quadrant pain, guarding behavior, and facial grimacing. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements related to decreased appetite and tumor effects as evidenced by weight loss, decreased muscle mass, and reduced intake. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity related to ascites, edema, and nutritional deficits as evidenced by skin tension and compromised circulation. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Fatigue related to disease process and treatment effects as evidenced by decreased energy, increased rest requirements, and reduced activity tolerance. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Anxiety related to disease progression and uncertain prognosis as evidenced by expressed concerns, restlessness, and increased tension.

• #4 Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-liver-cancer

  Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). […] Ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen). […] Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) or a palpable mass in the abdomen. […] Abnormal liver function tests. […] Assessment of Pain and Discomfort: Determine location, quality, and severity of abdominal pain. […] Nutritional Status Assessment: Monitor for signs of weight loss, muscle wasting, and malnutrition. […] Evaluation of Liver Function: Regular monitoring of liver enzymes, bilirubin levels, and other relevant blood tests. […] Psychosocial Assessment: Evaluate the patients and familys understanding of the illness and their coping mechanisms. […] Pain related to liver distension or metastasis. […] Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to altered metabolism and decreased appetite. […] Risk for Fluid Volume Excess related to compromised liver function and ascites. […] Anxiety related to the diagnosis of cancer and uncertainty about the future.

• #5 Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-liver-cancer

  Monitor Liver Function: Regularly monitor liver enzymes, bilirubin, and albumin levels to assess liver function and progression of the disease. […] Pain Management: Administer prescribed analgesics and implement non-pharmacological pain relief methods. […] Nutritional Support: Collaborate with a dietitian to provide a balanced diet, potentially including supplements. […] Infection Prevention: Employ aseptic techniques and monitor for signs of infection. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about disease progression, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. […] Psychological Support: Provide emotional support and refer to counseling services if needed. […] Pain Control Efficacy: Regularly assess and document pain levels and the effectiveness of pain management strategies. […] Nutritional Status: Monitor weight, dietary intake, and signs of nutritional deficiencies. […] Fluid Balance: Evaluate effectiveness of fluid management, noting improvements or worsening of ascites. […] Patient and Family Understanding: Assess their understanding of the condition and treatment, and their ability to cope with the illness.

• #6 Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-liver-cancer

  Monitor Liver Function: Regularly monitor liver enzymes, bilirubin, and albumin levels to assess liver function and progression of the disease. […] Pain Management: Administer prescribed analgesics and implement non-pharmacological pain relief methods. […] Nutritional Support: Collaborate with a dietitian to provide a balanced diet, potentially including supplements. […] Infection Prevention: Employ aseptic techniques and monitor for signs of infection. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about disease progression, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. […] Psychological Support: Provide emotional support and refer to counseling services if needed. […] Pain Control Efficacy: Regularly assess and document pain levels and the effectiveness of pain management strategies. […] Nutritional Status: Monitor weight, dietary intake, and signs of nutritional deficiencies. […] Fluid Balance: Evaluate effectiveness of fluid management, noting improvements or worsening of ascites. […] Patient and Family Understanding: Assess their understanding of the condition and treatment, and their ability to cope with the illness.

• #7 Personalized nursing improves physical condition and life quality of patients undergoing interventional therapy for liver cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8748081/

  Compared with the CG, the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TBIL) were significantly lower in the OG after nursing, while the level of albumin (ALB) was significantly increased. […] Moreover, patients in the OG showed significantly higher nursing satisfaction and quality of life scores than those in the CG. […] Therefore, personalized nursing has good prospects for use in interventional therapy for LC. […] So, giving targeted nursing intervention to patients with LC undergoing interventional therapy is necessary. […] Personalized nursing, on the other hand, is a targeted and patient-centered nursing model that combines the individual differences and nursing needs of patients according to the principles of nursing.

• #8 Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-liver-cancer

  Monitor Liver Function: Regularly monitor liver enzymes, bilirubin, and albumin levels to assess liver function and progression of the disease. […] Pain Management: Administer prescribed analgesics and implement non-pharmacological pain relief methods. […] Nutritional Support: Collaborate with a dietitian to provide a balanced diet, potentially including supplements. […] Infection Prevention: Employ aseptic techniques and monitor for signs of infection. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about disease progression, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. […] Psychological Support: Provide emotional support and refer to counseling services if needed. […] Pain Control Efficacy: Regularly assess and document pain levels and the effectiveness of pain management strategies. […] Nutritional Status: Monitor weight, dietary intake, and signs of nutritional deficiencies. […] Fluid Balance: Evaluate effectiveness of fluid management, noting improvements or worsening of ascites. […] Patient and Family Understanding: Assess their understanding of the condition and treatment, and their ability to cope with the illness.

• #9 02.13 Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/02-13-liver-cancer

  Liver cancer impedes the function of the liver and can block the flow of blood and bile […] In order to understand liver cancer it is important to understand the functions of the liver. […] Cancer in the liver usually spreads from a different cancer. […] Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cancer that does form in the liver. […] Cirrhosis from any cause is a HUGE risk factor for liver cancer. […] Very poor prognosis with advanced disease and cirrhosis. […] Involve palliative care early in treatment to promote quality of life. […] Pain- In the right upper quadrant or referred to right shoulder from enlarged liver. […] Caution with medications Impaired metabolism of opioids, but pain management is SO important. […] Jaundice/ itching- from biliary obstruction/ bilirubin build up.

• #10 02.13 Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/02-13-liver-cancer

  Liver cancer impedes the function of the liver and can block the flow of blood and bile […] In order to understand liver cancer it is important to understand the functions of the liver. […] Cancer in the liver usually spreads from a different cancer. […] Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cancer that does form in the liver. […] Cirrhosis from any cause is a HUGE risk factor for liver cancer. […] Very poor prognosis with advanced disease and cirrhosis. […] Involve palliative care early in treatment to promote quality of life. […] Pain- In the right upper quadrant or referred to right shoulder from enlarged liver. […] Caution with medications Impaired metabolism of opioids, but pain management is SO important. […] Jaundice/ itching- from biliary obstruction/ bilirubin build up.

• #11 Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-liver-cancer

  Monitor Liver Function: Regularly monitor liver enzymes, bilirubin, and albumin levels to assess liver function and progression of the disease. […] Pain Management: Administer prescribed analgesics and implement non-pharmacological pain relief methods. […] Nutritional Support: Collaborate with a dietitian to provide a balanced diet, potentially including supplements. […] Infection Prevention: Employ aseptic techniques and monitor for signs of infection. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about disease progression, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. […] Psychological Support: Provide emotional support and refer to counseling services if needed. […] Pain Control Efficacy: Regularly assess and document pain levels and the effectiveness of pain management strategies. […] Nutritional Status: Monitor weight, dietary intake, and signs of nutritional deficiencies. […] Fluid Balance: Evaluate effectiveness of fluid management, noting improvements or worsening of ascites. […] Patient and Family Understanding: Assess their understanding of the condition and treatment, and their ability to cope with the illness.

• #12 Supportive Care | Living With Liver Cancer

  https://www.livingwithlivercancer.co.uk/about-liver-cancer/treatments/supportive-care/

  We like all of our patients to have supportive care, regardless of whether they are having other treatments or not. […] Sometimes we call this palliative care, and it is often co-ordinated by specially trained nurses including liver cancer specialist nurses or MacMillan nurses. […] Instead, we try to focus on making their supportive care as good as we possibly can. […] If a person has symptoms like poor appetite, weakness, pain, poor sleep or itching our nurses and doctors can advise you on things that might help. […] We also like our patients who are not too weary, to try and keep active. […] How to maintain a balanced diet while living with liver cancer. […] How to exercise and keep active while living with liver cancer. […] How to support your physical mental wellbeing.

• #13 Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-liver-cancer

  Monitor Liver Function: Regularly monitor liver enzymes, bilirubin, and albumin levels to assess liver function and progression of the disease. […] Pain Management: Administer prescribed analgesics and implement non-pharmacological pain relief methods. […] Nutritional Support: Collaborate with a dietitian to provide a balanced diet, potentially including supplements. […] Infection Prevention: Employ aseptic techniques and monitor for signs of infection. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about disease progression, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. […] Psychological Support: Provide emotional support and refer to counseling services if needed. […] Pain Control Efficacy: Regularly assess and document pain levels and the effectiveness of pain management strategies. […] Nutritional Status: Monitor weight, dietary intake, and signs of nutritional deficiencies. […] Fluid Balance: Evaluate effectiveness of fluid management, noting improvements or worsening of ascites. […] Patient and Family Understanding: Assess their understanding of the condition and treatment, and their ability to cope with the illness.

• #14 Evidence-Based Nursing Achieves Better Postsurgical Outcomes in Liver Cancer – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/news/liver-cancer-evidence-based-nursing-achieves-better-post-surgery/

  The rate of wound infections was lower in patients with HCC who received EBN care; postoperative complications also were less common in patients who received EBN care, compared with those who received conventional care. […] Evidence-based nursing (EBN) was associated with positive outcomes, compared with conventional care, in the postoperative period in patients who underwent surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), according to the findings of a meta-analysis reported in the International Wound Journal. […] Compared to conventional care, the implementation of EBN during the perioperative period of [hepatocellular carcinoma] can significantly reduce the incidence of wound infections and postoperative complications, and has high clinical application and promotion value. […] The rate of wound infections was lower in the patients who received EBN care, compared with conventional care. Wound infections were reported in 16 (2.33%) patients in the EBN group and 49 (7.13%) patients in the conventional care group (odds ratio [OR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18-0.56; P .001).

• #15 02.13 Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/02-13-liver-cancer

  Treatment: Percutaneous drain or stent to drain bilirubin. […] Skin care- fragrance free soaps and lotions to reduce itching. […] Fluid retention- pressure in portal vein, Na+ and water retention, albumin synthesis. […] Treatment: Diuretics- potassium sparing. […] Na+ intake. […] Elevate extremities to reduce dependent edema. […] Ascites- fluid retention in the peritoneal cavity. […] Treatment: Paracentesis if symptomatic shortness of breath from increased pressure on lungs. […] Encephalopathy- Altered LOC- toxins traveling to the brain. […] Nursing considerations: Can be exacerbated with medications (opioids, benzos). […] Speed up the passage of food through the body to reduce toxin build-up. […] Prevent opioid-induced constipation. […] Treatment: Lactulose- titrate to 2-3 soft bowel movements per day.

• #16 02.13 Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/02-13-liver-cancer

  Treatment: Percutaneous drain or stent to drain bilirubin. […] Skin care- fragrance free soaps and lotions to reduce itching. […] Fluid retention- pressure in portal vein, Na+ and water retention, albumin synthesis. […] Treatment: Diuretics- potassium sparing. […] Na+ intake. […] Elevate extremities to reduce dependent edema. […] Ascites- fluid retention in the peritoneal cavity. […] Treatment: Paracentesis if symptomatic shortness of breath from increased pressure on lungs. […] Encephalopathy- Altered LOC- toxins traveling to the brain. […] Nursing considerations: Can be exacerbated with medications (opioids, benzos). […] Speed up the passage of food through the body to reduce toxin build-up. […] Prevent opioid-induced constipation. […] Treatment: Lactulose- titrate to 2-3 soft bowel movements per day.

• #17 02.13 Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/02-13-liver-cancer

  Bleeding- varices from portal vein pressure, liver synthesis of coagulation factors, platelets from splenomegaly. […] Nursing Considerations: Bleeding precautions, education. […] Treatments: Cauterization. […] Blood product infusions. […] Liver resection/ transplantation- ideal but many are not eligible due to advanced disease at diagnosis. […] Direct therapy to cancer- kills cancer cells and/or cuts off blood supply to tumor. […] Systemic treatment: Chemotherapy/ biotherapy. […] Palliative care. […] Pain management. […] Bleeding precautions. […] Palliative care education. […] No alcohol/ avoid Tylenol. […] It is very important to get palliative care involved early with these patients. […] We want palliative care to be following them. […] Pain is difficult to manage for these patients, especially in late stages.

• #18 02.13 Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/02-13-liver-cancer

  Bleeding- varices from portal vein pressure, liver synthesis of coagulation factors, platelets from splenomegaly. […] Nursing Considerations: Bleeding precautions, education. […] Treatments: Cauterization. […] Blood product infusions. […] Liver resection/ transplantation- ideal but many are not eligible due to advanced disease at diagnosis. […] Direct therapy to cancer- kills cancer cells and/or cuts off blood supply to tumor. […] Systemic treatment: Chemotherapy/ biotherapy. […] Palliative care. […] Pain management. […] Bleeding precautions. […] Palliative care education. […] No alcohol/ avoid Tylenol. […] It is very important to get palliative care involved early with these patients. […] We want palliative care to be following them. […] Pain is difficult to manage for these patients, especially in late stages.

• #19

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ut3445

  Liver cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow out of control in the liver. […] Treatment depends on what type of liver cancer you have and how far it has spread. You may need more than one kind of treatment, such as medicine, surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. […] Your medical team will work with you to help manage the treatment side effects. These can include feeling very tired, feeling sick to your stomach, or having a higher risk for infections. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if you are having problems. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems with your medicine. […] If you have not already done so, prepare an advance care plan. An advance care plan provides instructions to your doctor and family members about what kind of care you want if you become unable to speak or express yourself. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if you have any abnormal bleeding, such as: Nosebleeds. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems.

• #20 Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-liver-cancer

  Monitor Liver Function: Regularly monitor liver enzymes, bilirubin, and albumin levels to assess liver function and progression of the disease. […] Pain Management: Administer prescribed analgesics and implement non-pharmacological pain relief methods. […] Nutritional Support: Collaborate with a dietitian to provide a balanced diet, potentially including supplements. […] Infection Prevention: Employ aseptic techniques and monitor for signs of infection. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about disease progression, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. […] Psychological Support: Provide emotional support and refer to counseling services if needed. […] Pain Control Efficacy: Regularly assess and document pain levels and the effectiveness of pain management strategies. […] Nutritional Status: Monitor weight, dietary intake, and signs of nutritional deficiencies. […] Fluid Balance: Evaluate effectiveness of fluid management, noting improvements or worsening of ascites. […] Patient and Family Understanding: Assess their understanding of the condition and treatment, and their ability to cope with the illness.

• #21 Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-liver-cancer

  Monitor Liver Function: Regularly monitor liver enzymes, bilirubin, and albumin levels to assess liver function and progression of the disease. […] Pain Management: Administer prescribed analgesics and implement non-pharmacological pain relief methods. […] Nutritional Support: Collaborate with a dietitian to provide a balanced diet, potentially including supplements. […] Infection Prevention: Employ aseptic techniques and monitor for signs of infection. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about disease progression, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. […] Psychological Support: Provide emotional support and refer to counseling services if needed. […] Pain Control Efficacy: Regularly assess and document pain levels and the effectiveness of pain management strategies. […] Nutritional Status: Monitor weight, dietary intake, and signs of nutritional deficiencies. […] Fluid Balance: Evaluate effectiveness of fluid management, noting improvements or worsening of ascites. […] Patient and Family Understanding: Assess their understanding of the condition and treatment, and their ability to cope with the illness.

• #22 The Role of Oncology Nurse Navigators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment – Journal of Oncology Navigation & Survivorship

  https://www.jons-online.com/special-issues-and-supplements/2020/best-practices-in-patient-navigation-the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment/the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment

  Oncology nurse navigators play an important role in ensuring oral medication compliance in patients with HCC. […] The nurse navigator plays an important role in helping patients with HCC maintain their psychosocial well-being throughout treatment and survivorship. […] An important component of the shared decision-making model is ongoing education regarding the treatment plan. […] Following the development of a treatment plan, the oncology nurse navigator must explain to patients the therapy that is being recommended based on the stage of HCC and provide information specific to each situation.

• #23 The Role of Oncology Nurse Navigators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment – Journal of Oncology Navigation & Survivorship

  https://www.jons-online.com/special-issues-and-supplements/2020/best-practices-in-patient-navigation-the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment/the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment

  Oncology nurse navigators eliminate barriers to timely care and coordinate care across multiple treatment modalities and care path transitions. […] The oncology nurse navigator performs many key functions essential for the delivery of optimal patient care. […] A primary role of the oncology nurse navigator is to serve as a clinically informed liaison between the patient and the healthcare team throughout treatment and survivorship. […] Oncology nurse navigators must tailor their expertise to meet the needs and challenges specific to patients with HCC. […] The fragmented process and sheer scope of care needed to successfully manage a patient with HCC makes the role of the oncology nurse navigator in coordinating care and optimizing delivery of healthcare services indispensable. […] Oncology nurse navigators play an essential role in the management of treatment-related adverse events.

• #24 Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-liver-cancer

  Monitor Liver Function: Regularly monitor liver enzymes, bilirubin, and albumin levels to assess liver function and progression of the disease. […] Pain Management: Administer prescribed analgesics and implement non-pharmacological pain relief methods. […] Nutritional Support: Collaborate with a dietitian to provide a balanced diet, potentially including supplements. […] Infection Prevention: Employ aseptic techniques and monitor for signs of infection. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about disease progression, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. […] Psychological Support: Provide emotional support and refer to counseling services if needed. […] Pain Control Efficacy: Regularly assess and document pain levels and the effectiveness of pain management strategies. […] Nutritional Status: Monitor weight, dietary intake, and signs of nutritional deficiencies. […] Fluid Balance: Evaluate effectiveness of fluid management, noting improvements or worsening of ascites. […] Patient and Family Understanding: Assess their understanding of the condition and treatment, and their ability to cope with the illness.

• #25 The Role of Oncology Nurse Navigators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment – Journal of Oncology Navigation & Survivorship

  https://www.jons-online.com/special-issues-and-supplements/2020/best-practices-in-patient-navigation-the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment/the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment

  Oncology nurse navigators play an important role in ensuring oral medication compliance in patients with HCC. […] The nurse navigator plays an important role in helping patients with HCC maintain their psychosocial well-being throughout treatment and survivorship. […] An important component of the shared decision-making model is ongoing education regarding the treatment plan. […] Following the development of a treatment plan, the oncology nurse navigator must explain to patients the therapy that is being recommended based on the stage of HCC and provide information specific to each situation.

• #26 The Role of Oncology Nurse Navigators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment – Journal of Oncology Navigation & Survivorship

  https://www.jons-online.com/special-issues-and-supplements/2020/best-practices-in-patient-navigation-the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment/the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment

  Oncology nurse navigators play an important role in ensuring oral medication compliance in patients with HCC. […] The nurse navigator plays an important role in helping patients with HCC maintain their psychosocial well-being throughout treatment and survivorship. […] An important component of the shared decision-making model is ongoing education regarding the treatment plan. […] Following the development of a treatment plan, the oncology nurse navigator must explain to patients the therapy that is being recommended based on the stage of HCC and provide information specific to each situation.

• #27 Personalized nursing improves physical condition and life quality of patients undergoing interventional therapy for liver cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8748081/

  Thus, personalized nursing has a positive effect on patients in clinical practice. […] Accordingly, this study, through the implementation of personalized care for LC patients undergoing interventional therapy, aimed to study the effect of this nursing model in patients with LC. […] During the implementation of personalized nursing, corresponding adjustments can be made according to the actual situation to provide interactive and scientific nursing intervention for patients. […] The results showed that personalized nursing validly mitigated the pain and anxiety of patients. […] In addition, compared with the CG, the sleep time of patients in the OG was significantly longer, and the time to ambulation and the length of hospital stay were significantly shorter. […] The total incidence of adverse reactions decreased significantly and the liver function of patients recovered faster following personalized nursing. […] In conclusion, personalized nursing can mitigate pain and anxiety, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and improve patients liver function and QoL.

• #28 Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-liver-cancer

  Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Liver Cancer […] By the end of this nursing care plan lesson for Liver Cancer, students should be able to: […] Possess comprehensive knowledge on caring for patients with liver cancer. […] This plan focuses on understanding the pathophysiology, recognizing symptoms, and delivering interventions to manage the disease effectively and support the patients overall well-being. […] Effective management of symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and gastrointestinal disturbances. […] Minimization of liver function deterioration. […] Adequate nutritional support and maintenance of body weight. […] Patient and family education on disease process and treatment options. […] Reports of abdominal pain or discomfort, particularly in the upper right area. […] Feelings of early satiety or lack of appetite. […] Fatigue and general malaise. […] Weight loss without trying.

• #29 liver cancer nursing medical surgical nursing | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/liver-cancer-nursing-medical-surgical-nursing/267502121

  Liver cancer’ also known as hepatic cancer and primary hepatic cancer, is cancer that starts in the liver. […] NURSING MANAGEMENT Give analgesics as ordered and encourage the patient to identify care measures that promote comfort. Provide patient with a special diet Monitor respiratory function. Explain the treatments to the patient and his family, including adverse reactions the patient may experience. Prepare the patient for surgery if indicated. Provide comprehensive care and emotional assistance. Monitor the patient for fluid retention and ascites.

• #30 Evidence-Based Nursing Achieves Better Postsurgical Outcomes in Liver Cancer – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/news/liver-cancer-evidence-based-nursing-achieves-better-post-surgery/

  The rate of wound infections was lower in patients with HCC who received EBN care; postoperative complications also were less common in patients who received EBN care, compared with those who received conventional care. […] Evidence-based nursing (EBN) was associated with positive outcomes, compared with conventional care, in the postoperative period in patients who underwent surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), according to the findings of a meta-analysis reported in the International Wound Journal. […] Compared to conventional care, the implementation of EBN during the perioperative period of [hepatocellular carcinoma] can significantly reduce the incidence of wound infections and postoperative complications, and has high clinical application and promotion value. […] The rate of wound infections was lower in the patients who received EBN care, compared with conventional care. Wound infections were reported in 16 (2.33%) patients in the EBN group and 49 (7.13%) patients in the conventional care group (odds ratio [OR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18-0.56; P .001).

• #31 Evidence-Based Nursing Achieves Better Postsurgical Outcomes in Liver Cancer – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/news/liver-cancer-evidence-based-nursing-achieves-better-post-surgery/

  Postoperative complications also were less common in patients who received EBN care than in those who received conventional care. Postoperative complications were reported in 56 (8.15%) patients in the EBN group and in 180 (26.20%) patients in the conventional care group, (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.15-0.31; P .001). […] Compared to conventional care, the implementation of EBN during the perioperative period of [hepatocellular carcinoma] can significantly reduce the incidence of wound infections and postoperative complications, and has high clinical application and promotion value, the researchers wrote in their report.

• #32 Liver Cancer Treatments | Surgery & hepatectomy liver transplants

  https://www.cancercare.org/publications/44-treatment_update_liver_cancer

  Radiation is sometimes used to shrink liver tumors or to relieve pain. […] Radioembolization is a procedure that combines embolization and radiation therapy to treat liver cancer. […] All cancer treatments can cause side effects. Its important that you report any side effects you experience to your health care team so they can help you manage them. […] Post-embolization syndrome (PES) is a common side effect of transarterial embolization (TAE) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). […] Common side effects of TKIs include diarrhea, rash, liver problems (such as hepatitis and elevated liver enzymes), high blood pressure and problems with blood clotting and wound healing. […] Immunotherapy helps to prompt an immune response against cancer cells. […] Changes to the skin is the most common side effects of radiation therapy.

• #33 The Role of Oncology Nurse Navigators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment – Journal of Oncology Navigation & Survivorship

  https://www.jons-online.com/special-issues-and-supplements/2020/best-practices-in-patient-navigation-the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment/the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment

  Oncology nurse navigators eliminate barriers to timely care and coordinate care across multiple treatment modalities and care path transitions. […] The oncology nurse navigator performs many key functions essential for the delivery of optimal patient care. […] A primary role of the oncology nurse navigator is to serve as a clinically informed liaison between the patient and the healthcare team throughout treatment and survivorship. […] Oncology nurse navigators must tailor their expertise to meet the needs and challenges specific to patients with HCC. […] The fragmented process and sheer scope of care needed to successfully manage a patient with HCC makes the role of the oncology nurse navigator in coordinating care and optimizing delivery of healthcare services indispensable. […] Oncology nurse navigators play an essential role in the management of treatment-related adverse events.

• #34 The Role of Oncology Nurse Navigators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment – Journal of Oncology Navigation & Survivorship

  https://www.jons-online.com/special-issues-and-supplements/2020/best-practices-in-patient-navigation-the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment/the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment

  Oncology nurse navigators play an important role in ensuring oral medication compliance in patients with HCC. […] The nurse navigator plays an important role in helping patients with HCC maintain their psychosocial well-being throughout treatment and survivorship. […] An important component of the shared decision-making model is ongoing education regarding the treatment plan. […] Following the development of a treatment plan, the oncology nurse navigator must explain to patients the therapy that is being recommended based on the stage of HCC and provide information specific to each situation.

• #35 Personalized nursing improves physical condition and life quality of patients undergoing interventional therapy for liver cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8748081/

  Interventional therapy, which can prolong the survival of patients with liver cancer (LC), is an important means to treat the disease. […] During interventional therapy for LC, it is essential to make a targeted and detailed nursing plan to ameliorate the prognosis. […] The purpose of this study was to determine the application significance of personalized nursing in patients undergoing interventional therapy for LC. […] After nursing, sleep time of patients in the OG was significantly longer than that in CG. […] In addition, time to ambulation and hospital stay were shorter in the OG than in the CG. […] Furthermore, the OG exhibited significantly lower scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), as well as significantly reduced incidence of adverse reactions than the CG.

• #36 Analysis on Effects of Comprehensive Nursing Care Applied in Interventional Therapy for Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6570817/

  This study aimed to investigate the effects of comprehensive nursing intervention in interventional therapy for patients with liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. […] Comprehensive nursing intervention was applied to observation group and conventional nursing care was applied to control group. […] The application of comprehensive nursing intervention in the interventional therapy for liver cirrhosis and liver cancer can notably improve the life quality of the patients, lower the incidence of postoperative complications and increase the survival rate, which is worthy of clinical popularization and application. […] Effective nursing care can improve the safety and efficacy of the interventional therapy. […] Comprehensive nursing care, with nursing procedures as its core, is a brand-new nursing mode integrating the advantages of group nursing and primary nursing, as well as a perfect combination of various nursing measures such as nursing philosophy, nursing plan and nursing quality evaluation.

• #37 Personalized nursing improves physical condition and life quality of patients undergoing interventional therapy for liver cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8748081/

  Interventional therapy, which can prolong the survival of patients with liver cancer (LC), is an important means to treat the disease. […] During interventional therapy for LC, it is essential to make a targeted and detailed nursing plan to ameliorate the prognosis. […] The purpose of this study was to determine the application significance of personalized nursing in patients undergoing interventional therapy for LC. […] After nursing, sleep time of patients in the OG was significantly longer than that in CG. […] In addition, time to ambulation and hospital stay were shorter in the OG than in the CG. […] Furthermore, the OG exhibited significantly lower scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), as well as significantly reduced incidence of adverse reactions than the CG.

• #38 Analysis on Effects of Comprehensive Nursing Care Applied in Interventional Therapy for Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6570817/

  The comprehensive nursing intervention requests the nursing staff to pay close attention to various test indexes and clinical symptoms of the patients and report to the physician in charge immediately when there are abnormal physiological indexes or deterioration of disease in the patients, so as to perform corresponding treatment. […] The comprehensive nursing intervention could notably lower the incidence of postoperative complications in the patients, which plays a positive role in improving the treatment effect of patients. […] Comprehensive nursing intervention can notably improve the life quality of the patients after the interventional therapy for liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, lower the incidence of complications after the interventional therapy and increase the survival rate of the patients, which is worthy of clinical popularization and application.

• #39 Liver cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/liver-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353664

  It’s important to talk to your doctor and your medical team to determine whether a biopsy is necessary as part of your care plan. […] It’s important to talk to your doctor and your medical team to determine whether chemotherapy or immunotherapy might be right as part of your treatment plan. […] Palliative care is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness. Palliative care specialists work with you, your family and your other doctors to provide an extra layer of support that complements your ongoing care. Palliative care can be used while undergoing other aggressive treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy. […] Palliative care is provided by a team of doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. Palliative care teams aim to improve the quality of life for people with cancer and their families. This form of care is offered alongside curative or other treatments you may be receiving.

• #40 Liver cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/liver-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353664

  It’s important to talk to your doctor and your medical team to determine whether a biopsy is necessary as part of your care plan. […] It’s important to talk to your doctor and your medical team to determine whether chemotherapy or immunotherapy might be right as part of your treatment plan. […] Palliative care is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness. Palliative care specialists work with you, your family and your other doctors to provide an extra layer of support that complements your ongoing care. Palliative care can be used while undergoing other aggressive treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy. […] Palliative care is provided by a team of doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. Palliative care teams aim to improve the quality of life for people with cancer and their families. This form of care is offered alongside curative or other treatments you may be receiving.

• #41 Hepatic Cancer: Present Scenario, Treatment Options and Nursing Management – Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal

  https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol16no1/hepatic-cancer-present-scenario-treatment-options-and-nursing-management/

  Hepatic cancer remains a problem for world health. […] The current hurdle in diagnosis is the requirement for molecular data that necessitates tissue or liquid biopsies. […] In the Asia-Pacific region, oncology nurses have two key chances to influence the incidence and treatment of hepatic cancer. […] Oncology nurses may instruct nursing students and generalist nurses who provide community health services. […] It is crucial to advocate for the inclusion of palliative care early on in the patients experience when preparing for and to care for patients with HCC. […] Proficiency in managing symptoms (such as pain, exhaustion, anorexia, and gastrointestinal distress) and improving quality of life is crucial. […] Emotional support for family caregivers who take on the majority of a loved ones care while remaining apart from the oncology team is also necessary. […] Although hepatic tumor information has not yet impacted clinical practice or trial design, it has improved our understanding of the molecular aetiology and heterogeneity of the disease. […] In the end, transferring tumour biology into the clinic will keep patients outcomes from declining.

• #42 Coping and support when you have liver cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/liver-cancer/living-with-cancer/support-home-for-you-your-family

  You might need some care and support at home due to liver cancer or its treatment. Find out about practical and emotional support available to you. […] Your GP manages your healthcare when you are at home. They can help with any medical problems that come up. They can also make referrals to a community service for you. The availability of the different community services may vary depending on where you live. […] These nurses work in different places in your local area and may visit you in your home. They can: give medicines or injections, check temperature, blood pressure and breathing, clean and dress wounds, monitor or set up drips, give emotional support, teach basic caring skills to family members where needed, get special equipment such as hospital beds, special mattresses, commodes or bed pans.

• #43 Coping and support when you have liver cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/liver-cancer/living-with-cancer/support-home-for-you-your-family

  You might need some care and support at home due to liver cancer or its treatment. Find out about practical and emotional support available to you. […] Your GP manages your healthcare when you are at home. They can help with any medical problems that come up. They can also make referrals to a community service for you. The availability of the different community services may vary depending on where you live. […] These nurses work in different places in your local area and may visit you in your home. They can: give medicines or injections, check temperature, blood pressure and breathing, clean and dress wounds, monitor or set up drips, give emotional support, teach basic caring skills to family members where needed, get special equipment such as hospital beds, special mattresses, commodes or bed pans.

• #44

  https://www.portea.com/nursing/liver-cancer/

  Liver cancer care at home is made a reality with our team of in-home healthcare specialists, and there is life after surgery. However, patients may be expected to adjust to new lifestyle changes based on their medical condition and diagnosis after surgery. […] Part of liver cancer home treatment is palliative (supportive) care. It involves healthcare professionals and nurses for liver cancer giving patients the required support emotionally and spiritually. Pain medications or relievers are given to the patient to relieve liver cancer symptoms, and this liver cancer care in-home may improve the chances of recovery or life after surgery. This is where our team of in-home nurses and supervising doctors help. Our doctors assess and diagnose your condition from the comfort of your home. In case any complications arise, they would recommend the best course of action through appropriate treatment planning.

• #45 Hepatic Cancer: Present Scenario, Treatment Options and Nursing Management – Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal

  https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol16no1/hepatic-cancer-present-scenario-treatment-options-and-nursing-management/

  Hepatic cancer remains a problem for world health. […] The current hurdle in diagnosis is the requirement for molecular data that necessitates tissue or liquid biopsies. […] In the Asia-Pacific region, oncology nurses have two key chances to influence the incidence and treatment of hepatic cancer. […] Oncology nurses may instruct nursing students and generalist nurses who provide community health services. […] It is crucial to advocate for the inclusion of palliative care early on in the patients experience when preparing for and to care for patients with HCC. […] Proficiency in managing symptoms (such as pain, exhaustion, anorexia, and gastrointestinal distress) and improving quality of life is crucial. […] Emotional support for family caregivers who take on the majority of a loved ones care while remaining apart from the oncology team is also necessary. […] Although hepatic tumor information has not yet impacted clinical practice or trial design, it has improved our understanding of the molecular aetiology and heterogeneity of the disease. […] In the end, transferring tumour biology into the clinic will keep patients outcomes from declining.

• #46 Hepatic Cancer: Present Scenario, Treatment Options and Nursing Management – Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal

  https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol16no1/hepatic-cancer-present-scenario-treatment-options-and-nursing-management/

  Hepatic cancer remains a problem for world health. […] The current hurdle in diagnosis is the requirement for molecular data that necessitates tissue or liquid biopsies. […] In the Asia-Pacific region, oncology nurses have two key chances to influence the incidence and treatment of hepatic cancer. […] Oncology nurses may instruct nursing students and generalist nurses who provide community health services. […] It is crucial to advocate for the inclusion of palliative care early on in the patients experience when preparing for and to care for patients with HCC. […] Proficiency in managing symptoms (such as pain, exhaustion, anorexia, and gastrointestinal distress) and improving quality of life is crucial. […] Emotional support for family caregivers who take on the majority of a loved ones care while remaining apart from the oncology team is also necessary. […] Although hepatic tumor information has not yet impacted clinical practice or trial design, it has improved our understanding of the molecular aetiology and heterogeneity of the disease. […] In the end, transferring tumour biology into the clinic will keep patients outcomes from declining.

• #47 Coping and support when you have liver cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/liver-cancer/living-with-cancer/support-home-for-you-your-family

  Community specialist palliative care nurses include Macmillan nurses and hospice nurses. They specialise in symptom management such as pain control, sickness, and other cancer symptoms. They also give emotional support to you and your carers. […] Marie Curie nurses give nursing care to people with advanced cancer in their own homes. They can visit during the day or spend the night in your home to give your carers a break. […] Social workers can help to support you with your situation at home. They can arrange home helps to help with shopping or housework, home care assistants for washing and dressing, meals on wheels, respite care. […] Your social worker can also help with money matters by checking you get all the benefits you are entitled to. Or they can advise you about charity grants for things like extra heating costs or special diets. […] You might need to choose where you want to be looked after and who you want to care for you.

• #48 The Role of Oncology Nurse Navigators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment – Journal of Oncology Navigation & Survivorship

  https://www.jons-online.com/special-issues-and-supplements/2020/best-practices-in-patient-navigation-the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment/the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment

  Oncology nurse navigators eliminate barriers to timely care and coordinate care across multiple treatment modalities and care path transitions. […] The oncology nurse navigator performs many key functions essential for the delivery of optimal patient care. […] A primary role of the oncology nurse navigator is to serve as a clinically informed liaison between the patient and the healthcare team throughout treatment and survivorship. […] Oncology nurse navigators must tailor their expertise to meet the needs and challenges specific to patients with HCC. […] The fragmented process and sheer scope of care needed to successfully manage a patient with HCC makes the role of the oncology nurse navigator in coordinating care and optimizing delivery of healthcare services indispensable. […] Oncology nurse navigators play an essential role in the management of treatment-related adverse events.

• #49 The Role of Oncology Nurse Navigators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment – Journal of Oncology Navigation & Survivorship

  https://www.jons-online.com/special-issues-and-supplements/2020/best-practices-in-patient-navigation-the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment/the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment

  Oncology nurse navigators eliminate barriers to timely care and coordinate care across multiple treatment modalities and care path transitions. […] The oncology nurse navigator performs many key functions essential for the delivery of optimal patient care. […] A primary role of the oncology nurse navigator is to serve as a clinically informed liaison between the patient and the healthcare team throughout treatment and survivorship. […] Oncology nurse navigators must tailor their expertise to meet the needs and challenges specific to patients with HCC. […] The fragmented process and sheer scope of care needed to successfully manage a patient with HCC makes the role of the oncology nurse navigator in coordinating care and optimizing delivery of healthcare services indispensable. […] Oncology nurse navigators play an essential role in the management of treatment-related adverse events.

• #50 The Role of Oncology Nurse Navigators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment – Journal of Oncology Navigation & Survivorship

  https://www.jons-online.com/special-issues-and-supplements/2020/best-practices-in-patient-navigation-the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment/the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment

  Oncology nurse navigators eliminate barriers to timely care and coordinate care across multiple treatment modalities and care path transitions. […] The oncology nurse navigator performs many key functions essential for the delivery of optimal patient care. […] A primary role of the oncology nurse navigator is to serve as a clinically informed liaison between the patient and the healthcare team throughout treatment and survivorship. […] Oncology nurse navigators must tailor their expertise to meet the needs and challenges specific to patients with HCC. […] The fragmented process and sheer scope of care needed to successfully manage a patient with HCC makes the role of the oncology nurse navigator in coordinating care and optimizing delivery of healthcare services indispensable. […] Oncology nurse navigators play an essential role in the management of treatment-related adverse events.

• #51 The Role of Oncology Nurse Navigators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment – Journal of Oncology Navigation & Survivorship

  https://www.jons-online.com/special-issues-and-supplements/2020/best-practices-in-patient-navigation-the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment/the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment

  Oncology nurse navigators eliminate barriers to timely care and coordinate care across multiple treatment modalities and care path transitions. […] The oncology nurse navigator performs many key functions essential for the delivery of optimal patient care. […] A primary role of the oncology nurse navigator is to serve as a clinically informed liaison between the patient and the healthcare team throughout treatment and survivorship. […] Oncology nurse navigators must tailor their expertise to meet the needs and challenges specific to patients with HCC. […] The fragmented process and sheer scope of care needed to successfully manage a patient with HCC makes the role of the oncology nurse navigator in coordinating care and optimizing delivery of healthcare services indispensable. […] Oncology nurse navigators play an essential role in the management of treatment-related adverse events.

• #52 Treatment Management – Liver Central

  https://livercentral.org/experienced-patient/treatment-management/

  Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment is guided by several factors including the size of the tumor, number of tumors, location of tumor(s), overall liver function and other health factors. […] Working with their treatment team to make a personalized plan based on the cancer stage is important for every patient. […] Choosing a doctor and healthcare team is an important and very personal decision. […] Consider working with a multidisciplinary team if possible. A multidisciplinary team is a group of health care professionals from different specialties working together to suggest a treatment and care plan based on your diagnosis, personal health, and preferences. […] Physicians involved in liver cancer care may include Hepatologist, Surgical oncologist, Medical oncologist, Radiation oncologist, Transplant surgeon, Gastroenterologist, Interventional radiologist, Pathologist, Palliative care physician, Other healthcare professionals involved in liver cancer care, Oncology nurse, Oncology social worker, Physical therapist, Nutritionist, Navigator, Transplant coordinator, Transplant nurse, Financial coordinator, Psychologist.

• #53

  https://www.sahealth.com/specialties/oncology/liver-cancer

  If you’ve been diagnosed with liver cancer, we work towards putting you on the path to recovery. […] Throughout your cancer journey, our nurse navigators provide helpful support and guidance. […] Our approach combines compassionate patient care with advanced treatment options provided by highly-trained specialists to manage all aspects of diagnosis, treatment and follow up under one roof. […] A liver cancer nurse navigator is a healthcare professional with specialized education in oncology who is dedicated to working with a multidisciplinary team involved in the patient’s cancer care. The navigator helps support the patient and the family through the many challenges of liver cancer, serving as a personal guide along the road to recovery.

• #54 Nursing Care Plan for Liver Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-liver-cancer

  Monitor Liver Function: Regularly monitor liver enzymes, bilirubin, and albumin levels to assess liver function and progression of the disease. […] Pain Management: Administer prescribed analgesics and implement non-pharmacological pain relief methods. […] Nutritional Support: Collaborate with a dietitian to provide a balanced diet, potentially including supplements. […] Infection Prevention: Employ aseptic techniques and monitor for signs of infection. […] Patient Education: Educate the patient and family about disease progression, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. […] Psychological Support: Provide emotional support and refer to counseling services if needed. […] Pain Control Efficacy: Regularly assess and document pain levels and the effectiveness of pain management strategies. […] Nutritional Status: Monitor weight, dietary intake, and signs of nutritional deficiencies. […] Fluid Balance: Evaluate effectiveness of fluid management, noting improvements or worsening of ascites. […] Patient and Family Understanding: Assess their understanding of the condition and treatment, and their ability to cope with the illness.

• #55 Evidence-Based Nursing Achieves Better Postsurgical Outcomes in Liver Cancer – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/news/liver-cancer-evidence-based-nursing-achieves-better-post-surgery/

  The rate of wound infections was lower in patients with HCC who received EBN care; postoperative complications also were less common in patients who received EBN care, compared with those who received conventional care. […] Evidence-based nursing (EBN) was associated with positive outcomes, compared with conventional care, in the postoperative period in patients who underwent surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), according to the findings of a meta-analysis reported in the International Wound Journal. […] Compared to conventional care, the implementation of EBN during the perioperative period of [hepatocellular carcinoma] can significantly reduce the incidence of wound infections and postoperative complications, and has high clinical application and promotion value. […] The rate of wound infections was lower in the patients who received EBN care, compared with conventional care. Wound infections were reported in 16 (2.33%) patients in the EBN group and 49 (7.13%) patients in the conventional care group (odds ratio [OR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18-0.56; P .001).

• #56 Personalized nursing improves physical condition and life quality of patients undergoing interventional therapy for liver cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8748081/

  Compared with the CG, the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TBIL) were significantly lower in the OG after nursing, while the level of albumin (ALB) was significantly increased. […] Moreover, patients in the OG showed significantly higher nursing satisfaction and quality of life scores than those in the CG. […] Therefore, personalized nursing has good prospects for use in interventional therapy for LC. […] So, giving targeted nursing intervention to patients with LC undergoing interventional therapy is necessary. […] Personalized nursing, on the other hand, is a targeted and patient-centered nursing model that combines the individual differences and nursing needs of patients according to the principles of nursing.

• #57 Personalized nursing improves physical condition and life quality of patients undergoing interventional therapy for liver cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8748081/

  Interventional therapy, which can prolong the survival of patients with liver cancer (LC), is an important means to treat the disease. […] During interventional therapy for LC, it is essential to make a targeted and detailed nursing plan to ameliorate the prognosis. […] The purpose of this study was to determine the application significance of personalized nursing in patients undergoing interventional therapy for LC. […] After nursing, sleep time of patients in the OG was significantly longer than that in CG. […] In addition, time to ambulation and hospital stay were shorter in the OG than in the CG. […] Furthermore, the OG exhibited significantly lower scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), as well as significantly reduced incidence of adverse reactions than the CG.

• #58 Personalized nursing improves physical condition and life quality of patients undergoing interventional therapy for liver cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8748081/

  Thus, personalized nursing has a positive effect on patients in clinical practice. […] Accordingly, this study, through the implementation of personalized care for LC patients undergoing interventional therapy, aimed to study the effect of this nursing model in patients with LC. […] During the implementation of personalized nursing, corresponding adjustments can be made according to the actual situation to provide interactive and scientific nursing intervention for patients. […] The results showed that personalized nursing validly mitigated the pain and anxiety of patients. […] In addition, compared with the CG, the sleep time of patients in the OG was significantly longer, and the time to ambulation and the length of hospital stay were significantly shorter. […] The total incidence of adverse reactions decreased significantly and the liver function of patients recovered faster following personalized nursing. […] In conclusion, personalized nursing can mitigate pain and anxiety, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and improve patients liver function and QoL.

• #59 Personalized nursing improves physical condition and life quality of patients undergoing interventional therapy for liver cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8748081/

  Thus, personalized nursing has a positive effect on patients in clinical practice. […] Accordingly, this study, through the implementation of personalized care for LC patients undergoing interventional therapy, aimed to study the effect of this nursing model in patients with LC. […] During the implementation of personalized nursing, corresponding adjustments can be made according to the actual situation to provide interactive and scientific nursing intervention for patients. […] The results showed that personalized nursing validly mitigated the pain and anxiety of patients. […] In addition, compared with the CG, the sleep time of patients in the OG was significantly longer, and the time to ambulation and the length of hospital stay were significantly shorter. […] The total incidence of adverse reactions decreased significantly and the liver function of patients recovered faster following personalized nursing. […] In conclusion, personalized nursing can mitigate pain and anxiety, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and improve patients liver function and QoL.

• #60 The Role of Oncology Nurse Navigators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment – Journal of Oncology Navigation & Survivorship

  https://www.jons-online.com/special-issues-and-supplements/2020/best-practices-in-patient-navigation-the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment/the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment

  Oncology nurse navigators eliminate barriers to timely care and coordinate care across multiple treatment modalities and care path transitions. […] The oncology nurse navigator performs many key functions essential for the delivery of optimal patient care. […] A primary role of the oncology nurse navigator is to serve as a clinically informed liaison between the patient and the healthcare team throughout treatment and survivorship. […] Oncology nurse navigators must tailor their expertise to meet the needs and challenges specific to patients with HCC. […] The fragmented process and sheer scope of care needed to successfully manage a patient with HCC makes the role of the oncology nurse navigator in coordinating care and optimizing delivery of healthcare services indispensable. […] Oncology nurse navigators play an essential role in the management of treatment-related adverse events.

• #61 The Role of Oncology Nurse Navigators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment – Journal of Oncology Navigation & Survivorship

  https://www.jons-online.com/special-issues-and-supplements/2020/best-practices-in-patient-navigation-the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment/the-role-of-oncology-nurse-navigators-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treatment

  Oncology nurse navigators play an important role in ensuring oral medication compliance in patients with HCC. […] The nurse navigator plays an important role in helping patients with HCC maintain their psychosocial well-being throughout treatment and survivorship. […] An important component of the shared decision-making model is ongoing education regarding the treatment plan. […] Following the development of a treatment plan, the oncology nurse navigator must explain to patients the therapy that is being recommended based on the stage of HCC and provide information specific to each situation.

• #62 Coping and support when you have liver cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/liver-cancer/living-with-cancer/support-home-for-you-your-family

  You might need some care and support at home due to liver cancer or its treatment. Find out about practical and emotional support available to you. […] Your GP manages your healthcare when you are at home. They can help with any medical problems that come up. They can also make referrals to a community service for you. The availability of the different community services may vary depending on where you live. […] These nurses work in different places in your local area and may visit you in your home. They can: give medicines or injections, check temperature, blood pressure and breathing, clean and dress wounds, monitor or set up drips, give emotional support, teach basic caring skills to family members where needed, get special equipment such as hospital beds, special mattresses, commodes or bed pans.

• #63 Coping and support when you have liver cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/liver-cancer/living-with-cancer/support-home-for-you-your-family

  Community specialist palliative care nurses include Macmillan nurses and hospice nurses. They specialise in symptom management such as pain control, sickness, and other cancer symptoms. They also give emotional support to you and your carers. […] Marie Curie nurses give nursing care to people with advanced cancer in their own homes. They can visit during the day or spend the night in your home to give your carers a break. […] Social workers can help to support you with your situation at home. They can arrange home helps to help with shopping or housework, home care assistants for washing and dressing, meals on wheels, respite care. […] Your social worker can also help with money matters by checking you get all the benefits you are entitled to. Or they can advise you about charity grants for things like extra heating costs or special diets. […] You might need to choose where you want to be looked after and who you want to care for you.

• #64 Palliative Care for Liver Cancer: What to Know

  https://www.healthline.com/health/treating-hcc/palliative-care

  Your palliative care team can help ensure you pursue the treatment options that best align with your goals. […] You can start palliative care from the moment youre diagnosed with a serious disease. […] Theres no need to wait for your cancer to progress to an advanced stage before seeking palliative care. […] Palliative care can help improve your quality of life when youre coping with liver cancer and undergoing treatments. […] Palliative care plans vary widely among people with liver cancer due to the complicated nature of the disease and the high likelihood of coexisting conditions. […] According to the National Cancer Institute, research shows that early palliative care for people with advanced cancer can result in a better quality of life and improved mood. […] Palliative care can be provided in a range of settings.

• #65 Personalized nursing improves physical condition and life quality of patients undergoing interventional therapy for liver cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8748081/

  Thus, personalized nursing has a positive effect on patients in clinical practice. […] Accordingly, this study, through the implementation of personalized care for LC patients undergoing interventional therapy, aimed to study the effect of this nursing model in patients with LC. […] During the implementation of personalized nursing, corresponding adjustments can be made according to the actual situation to provide interactive and scientific nursing intervention for patients. […] The results showed that personalized nursing validly mitigated the pain and anxiety of patients. […] In addition, compared with the CG, the sleep time of patients in the OG was significantly longer, and the time to ambulation and the length of hospital stay were significantly shorter. […] The total incidence of adverse reactions decreased significantly and the liver function of patients recovered faster following personalized nursing. […] In conclusion, personalized nursing can mitigate pain and anxiety, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and improve patients liver function and QoL.

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