Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-myeloid-leukemia

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; previously called chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, or chronic granulocytic leukemia) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that manifests uncontrolled proliferation of mature and maturing granulocytes in blood and bone marrow. CML accounts for approximately 15 percent of adult leukemias. The median age at diagnosis is in the sixties, but CML can occur at any age. Most patients present with chronic phase (CP) CML, which is a relatively indolent disorder of excessive mature and maturing neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, with or without splenomegaly and/or constitutional symptoms. Up to one-half of patients with CP CML are asymptomatic at diagnosis. In regions with limited access to medical care, patients often present with more advanced disease.

• #2 Chronic myeloid leukemia: cytogenetics and molecular biology’s part in the comprehension and management of the pathology and treatment evolution | Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics | Full Text

  https://jmhg.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43042-022-00248-2

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer that affects hematopoietic stem cells and is often characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. […] The median age of people affected is approximately 56 years and it accounts for about 15-20% of leukemia in adults. CML incidence worldwide varies from 0.6 to 2.8/100,000 individuals per year. […] The WHOs recent definition of CML stages divides disease progression into two phases: An accelerated phase (AP) with continuous or increasing splenomegaly, persistent or increasing leukocytosis. […] Cytogenetic and molecular biology techniques play a key role in the detection of chromosomal abnormalities and mutations involved in the oncogenesis of the disease. […] As for the treatment of CML, advances in science have led to the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as a targeted therapy, which acts directly on the kinase activity of the BCR-ABL oncoprotein.

• #3 Definition, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Essential Criteria for Diagnosis of Pediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/4/798

  CML usually presents at a median age of 60 years in Caucasians, but at younger age (35–45 years) in Asians. It is rare in children contributing only 2–3% of all pediatric leukemia cases. The global incidence rate of CML is 15/1,000,000 per year with a male to female ratio of 1.34 while the age-adjusted incidence rate for the age group <18 years is 1.0 per 1,000,000. In the first three years of life pediatric CML is extremely rare. The SEERS database showing pooled data on all myeloproliferative diseases at childhood age lists a continuously increasing incidence rate from 0.7 cases in the age group 1 to 4 years up to 4.3 cases per 1,000,000 at 15 to 19 years. From the authors’ experience, myeloproliferative diseases besides CML like essential thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis are more than 10-fold less frequent than CML in the first two decades of life. Therefore, the SEERS data give a rather detailed impression on the continuous increase in the incidence of CML especially in the 2nd decade of life.

• #4 Chronic myeloid leukemia in children: a rare and unique entity | Boychenko | Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology

  https://www.hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/600/0?locale=en_US

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) rarely occurs in the first two decades of life, accounting for 2% to 3% of leukemias in children and adolescents. […] Because of a lack of robust clinical study evidence, management of CML in children is not standardized and often follows guidelines developed for adults. […] Children and young adults tend to have a more aggressive clinical presentation than older adults, and recent data indicate that some genetic differences exist in pediatric and adult CML. […] This review aims to outlines the morphological, genetic and immuno-phenotypical findings of pediatric CML, and to recommend a uniform approach for the diagnostic procedures to be applied and for standardized treatment. […] Definition, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Essential Criteria for Diagnosis of Pediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

• #5 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensible tools for epidemiological research. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) registries with more comprehensive reporting may also provide complementary data on treatment outcome to those obtained from clinical trials. Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.7-1.0/100,000, a median age at diagnosis of 57-60 years and a male/female ratio of 1.2-1.7. The incidence of CML has been stable over time. Worldwide, variations in the reported incidence of CML may be due to methodological issues, but a true difference between different geographical areas and/or ethnical subgroups cannot be excluded. The prevalence of CML is not well known but has been estimated to be 10-12/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the dramatic improvement in survival of these patients.

• #6 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-71913-5_3

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensable tools for epidemiological research. […] Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.71.3/100,000, median age at diagnosis of 5660 years and a male/female ratio of 1.21.7. […] The incidence of CML has been stable over time. […] The prevalence of CML is less well known but has been estimated to 1520/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the profound improvement in survival of these patients. […] The impact of socioeconomic factors and health-care settings related to long-term outcome, a possible increased risk of secondary cancer development and identification of adverse off-target effects related to the continuous administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among areas of ongoing epidemiological research in CML.

• #7 Key Statistics for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/about/statistics.html

  The American Cancer Society’s estimates for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the United States for 2025 are: About 9,560 new cases will be diagnosed with CML (5,610 in men and 3,950 in women) […] About 1,290 people will die of CML (740 men and 550 women) […] About 15% of all new cases of leukemia are chronic myeloid leukemia. About 1 person in 526 will get CML in their lifetime in the United States. […] The average age of people diagnosed with CML is around 64 years. Almost half of all cases are diagnosed in people 65 and older. This type of leukemia mainly affects adults, and is rarely seen in children.

• #8 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531459/

  Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has a worldwide annual incidence rate of 0.87 people per 100,000, increasing with age up to 1.52 in patients older than 70. There is a slight predominance in men, and the median age of diagnosis is 56. In the United States, the annual incidence rate between 2009 and 2013 was 1.4 and 2.2 per 100,000 for women and men, respectively. Estimates for 2018 were 8490 new cases of CML and 1090 estimated deaths. […] There is an increased incidence of CML among atomic bomb survivors; however, the predisposing risk factors are unknown.

• #9

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00277-015-2314-2

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensible tools for epidemiological research. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) registries with more comprehensive reporting may also provide complementary data on treatment outcome to those obtained from clinical trials. Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.7-1.0/100,000, a median age at diagnosis of 57-60 years and a male/female ratio of 1.2-1.7. The incidence of CML has been stable over time. Worldwide, variations in the reported incidence of CML may be due to methodological issues, but a true difference between different geographical areas and/or ethnical subgroups cannot be excluded. The prevalence of CML is not well known but has been estimated to be 10-12/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the dramatic improvement in survival of these patients. In recent population-based studies, CML patients have an overall survival that is comparable to that shown in large clinical trials, though relative survival in patients 70 years is still decreased. The importance of socio-economic factors and health-care setting for outcome and the possible increased risk of secondary cancer in CML are areas of ongoing research.

• #10 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-cml

  There are around 840 new chronic myeloid leukaemia cases in the UK every year, that’s more than 2 every day (2017-2019). […] Chronic myeloid leukaemia accounted for less than 1% of all new cancer cases in the UK in 2017-2019. […] In females in the UK, chronic myeloid leukaemia accounted for around 370 new cancer cases every year (2017-2019). […] In males in the UK, chronic myeloid leukaemia accounted for around 460 new cancer cases every year (2017-2019). […] Incidence rates for chronic myeloid leukaemia in the UK are highest in people aged 90+ (2017-2019). […] Each year around a quarter (24%) of all new chronic myeloid leukaemia cases in the UK are diagnosed in people aged 75 and over (2017-2019). […] Since the early 1990s, chronic myeloid leukaemia incidence rates have decreased by around a quarter (26%) in the UK. Rates in females have decreased by a fifth (20%), and rates in males have decreased by more than a third (35%) (2017-2019).

• #11 Chronic myeloid leukemia statistics | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml/statistics

  It can take several years to collect and confirm cancer data, so the number of new cancer cases and deaths from recent years may not be available for some time. The most recent incidence statistics for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are from 2019: 665 Canadians were diagnosed with CML. 390 men were diagnosed with CML. 270 women were diagnosed with CML. The most recent mortality statistics for CML are from 2022: 140 Canadians died from CML. 73 men died from CML. 67 women died from CML.

• #12 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) – Leukaemia Foundation

  https://www.leukaemia.org.au/blood-cancer/types-of-blood-cancer/leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/

  Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. In CML the bone marrow produces too many white cells, called granulocytes. These cells (sometimes called blasts or leukaemic blasts) gradually crowd the bone marrow, interfering with normal blood cell production. They also spill out of the bone marrow and circulate around the body in the bloodstream. Because they are not fully mature, they are unable to work properly to fight infections. Over time, a shortage of red cells and platelets can cause anaemia, bleeding and/or bruising. […] Each year in Australia around 330 people are diagnosed with CML. Overall, CML is a rare disease, accounting for around 0.03% of all cancers diagnosed. […] CML can occur at any age but it is more common in adults over the age of 40, who account for nearly 70% of all cases. CML occurs more frequently in men than women and is rarely diagnosed in children.

• #13 Incidence and spatial distribution of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by regions of economic development in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil | Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy

  https://www.elsevier.es/pt-revista-hematology-transfusion-cell-therapy-396-articulo-incidence-spatial-distribution-chronic-myeloid-S2531137919300306

  The establishment of regional development poles in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil was characterized by industrial expansion and consequent concerns about the increase in the occurrence of diseases, specifically those having long latency periods, as is the case of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. […] A total incidence of 3.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants was found, with a predominance of the disease among males, a median age of 47 years, a mestizo ethnicity, with elementary schooling and residence in urban area. […] The present study determined the incidence and characterized the spatial distribution of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia cases over a decade in a northeastern Brazilian state. The variation in the incidence rate by region of development is compatible with a homogeneous distribution of the cases.

• #14 Incidence and spatial distribution of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by regions of economic development in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil | Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy

  https://www.elsevier.es/pt-revista-hematology-transfusion-cell-therapy-396-articulo-incidence-spatial-distribution-chronic-myeloid-S2531137919300306

  The incidence rate of 3.4 CML cases per 100,000 inhabitants per development region of the State of Pernambuco was found, showing variations among the microregions. […] The incidence of CML is low in young adults, increases at 40 years of age and has a peak occurrence between the ages of 55 and 60 years. […] The incidence rate of CML in Pernambuco was higher than expected. The collected data allowed for a geographic mapping of the spatial distribution of the disease over a decade. Both can be used as a baseline study for epidemiological monitoring and investigation.

• #15 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Tunisia

  https://biomedgrid.com/fulltext/volume17/Epidemiology%20of%20Chronic%20Myeloid%20Leukemia%20in%20Tunisia.002328.php

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a rare clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by enhanced proliferative capacity and prolonged survival of hematopoietic stem cells. The pathogenesis of CML is driven by a bcr-abl fusion oncoprotein formed by a balanced translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. Prevalence rate of CML has increased by use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors that transformed CML into a chronic disease. […] Reliable epidemiological information on CML in low and middle income countries is limited. Geographic and/or ethnic variation might contribute to the variability of incidence among registries. […] A total of 801 cases entered this study, which corresponds to an annual incidence of 0.79 /105 inhabitants. Mean age at diagnosis was 47 years, 16% of patients had more than 65 years, 5% of patients had less than 20 years. CML was slightly more frequent in males than in females (sex ratio 1.1). More than 85% of the patients were in chronic phase when diagnosed.

• #16 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensible tools for epidemiological research. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) registries with more comprehensive reporting may also provide complementary data on treatment outcome to those obtained from clinical trials. Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.7-1.0/100,000, a median age at diagnosis of 57-60 years and a male/female ratio of 1.2-1.7. The incidence of CML has been stable over time. Worldwide, variations in the reported incidence of CML may be due to methodological issues, but a true difference between different geographical areas and/or ethnical subgroups cannot be excluded. The prevalence of CML is not well known but has been estimated to be 10-12/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the dramatic improvement in survival of these patients.

• #17 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-overview

  The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 9280 new cases of CML will be diagnosed in 2024, 5330 in males and 3950 in females. The ACS estimates that 1280 deaths from CML will occur in 2024, 750 in males and 530 in females. […] The incidence of new CML cases rose on average 1.2% each year over 20122021, reaching 2.0 per 100,000 population in 2022. Age-adjusted death rates remained stable over 20132022, at 0.3 per 100,000 population per year. […] CML is most often diagnosed in people aged 65-74 years. Median age at diagnosis is 66 years. CML is more common in males than in females: incidence rates per 100,000 population are 2.5 in males versus 1.5 in females.

• #18 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-myeloid-leukemia

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; previously called chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, or chronic granulocytic leukemia) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that manifests uncontrolled proliferation of mature and maturing granulocytes in blood and bone marrow. CML accounts for approximately 15 percent of adult leukemias. The median age at diagnosis is in the sixties, but CML can occur at any age. Most patients present with chronic phase (CP) CML, which is a relatively indolent disorder of excessive mature and maturing neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, with or without splenomegaly and/or constitutional symptoms. Up to one-half of patients with CP CML are asymptomatic at diagnosis. In regions with limited access to medical care, patients often present with more advanced disease.

• #19 Incidence and spatial distribution of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by regions of economic development in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil | Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy

  https://www.elsevier.es/pt-revista-hematology-transfusion-cell-therapy-396-articulo-incidence-spatial-distribution-chronic-myeloid-S2531137919300306

  The incidence rate of 3.4 CML cases per 100,000 inhabitants per development region of the State of Pernambuco was found, showing variations among the microregions. […] The incidence of CML is low in young adults, increases at 40 years of age and has a peak occurrence between the ages of 55 and 60 years. […] The incidence rate of CML in Pernambuco was higher than expected. The collected data allowed for a geographic mapping of the spatial distribution of the disease over a decade. Both can be used as a baseline study for epidemiological monitoring and investigation.

• #20 Definition, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Essential Criteria for Diagnosis of Pediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/4/798

  CML usually presents at a median age of 60 years in Caucasians, but at younger age (35–45 years) in Asians. It is rare in children contributing only 2–3% of all pediatric leukemia cases. The global incidence rate of CML is 15/1,000,000 per year with a male to female ratio of 1.34 while the age-adjusted incidence rate for the age group <18 years is 1.0 per 1,000,000. In the first three years of life pediatric CML is extremely rare. The SEERS database showing pooled data on all myeloproliferative diseases at childhood age lists a continuously increasing incidence rate from 0.7 cases in the age group 1 to 4 years up to 4.3 cases per 1,000,000 at 15 to 19 years. From the authors’ experience, myeloproliferative diseases besides CML like essential thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis are more than 10-fold less frequent than CML in the first two decades of life. Therefore, the SEERS data give a rather detailed impression on the continuous increase in the incidence of CML especially in the 2nd decade of life.

• #21 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 9,560 […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 1,290 […] Chronic myeloid leukemia represents 0.5% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 9,560 new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia and an estimated 1,290 people will die of this disease. […] The rate of new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia was 2.0 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20182022 cases, age-adjusted. […] Death rates from chronic myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 75 to84 years of age. […] The death rate was 0.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20192023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] The percent of chronic myeloid leukemia deaths is highest among people aged 7584. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new chronic myeloid leukemia cases have been rising on average 1.0% each year over 20132022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.7% each year over 20142023.

• #22 Definition, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Essential Criteria for Diagnosis of Pediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/4/798

  CML usually presents at a median age of 60 years in Caucasians, but at younger age (35–45 years) in Asians. It is rare in children contributing only 2–3% of all pediatric leukemia cases. The global incidence rate of CML is 15/1,000,000 per year with a male to female ratio of 1.34 while the age-adjusted incidence rate for the age group <18 years is 1.0 per 1,000,000. In the first three years of life pediatric CML is extremely rare. The SEERS database showing pooled data on all myeloproliferative diseases at childhood age lists a continuously increasing incidence rate from 0.7 cases in the age group 1 to 4 years up to 4.3 cases per 1,000,000 at 15 to 19 years. From the authors’ experience, myeloproliferative diseases besides CML like essential thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis are more than 10-fold less frequent than CML in the first two decades of life. Therefore, the SEERS data give a rather detailed impression on the continuous increase in the incidence of CML especially in the 2nd decade of life.

• #23 Health-related quality of life using EQ-5D among chronic myeloid leukaemia patients in health centres in Klang Valley, Malaysia | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0256804

  The objective of this study was to explore the determinants of HRQoL and health status of CML patients in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Klang Valley, that is conterminous with Greater Kuala Lumpur, has a current population of 10 million, representing about a third of the country’s total population. By exploring the determinants of HRQoL and health status among CML patients, a better and improve holistic approach on the management of CML patients can be propositioned. […] A total of 221 patients with response rate of 99.5% had consented and participated in this study, of which 56.6% were male and 53.4% were Malays. The phase of CML on diagnosis was predominantly in the chronic phase (89.6%), with the balance of 8.6% in accelerated phase and 1.8% in blast phase. More than half were Imatinib users (69%). Mean age of diagnosis (n = 221) was 40.87 16.45 years old, with a range between 13 to 81 years old.

• #24 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensible tools for epidemiological research. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) registries with more comprehensive reporting may also provide complementary data on treatment outcome to those obtained from clinical trials. Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.7-1.0/100,000, a median age at diagnosis of 57-60 years and a male/female ratio of 1.2-1.7. The incidence of CML has been stable over time. Worldwide, variations in the reported incidence of CML may be due to methodological issues, but a true difference between different geographical areas and/or ethnical subgroups cannot be excluded. The prevalence of CML is not well known but has been estimated to be 10-12/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the dramatic improvement in survival of these patients.

• #25 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-71913-5_3

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensable tools for epidemiological research. […] Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.71.3/100,000, median age at diagnosis of 5660 years and a male/female ratio of 1.21.7. […] The incidence of CML has been stable over time. […] The prevalence of CML is less well known but has been estimated to 1520/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the profound improvement in survival of these patients. […] The impact of socioeconomic factors and health-care settings related to long-term outcome, a possible increased risk of secondary cancer development and identification of adverse off-target effects related to the continuous administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among areas of ongoing epidemiological research in CML.

• #26 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-overview

  The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 9280 new cases of CML will be diagnosed in 2024, 5330 in males and 3950 in females. The ACS estimates that 1280 deaths from CML will occur in 2024, 750 in males and 530 in females. […] The incidence of new CML cases rose on average 1.2% each year over 20122021, reaching 2.0 per 100,000 population in 2022. Age-adjusted death rates remained stable over 20132022, at 0.3 per 100,000 population per year. […] CML is most often diagnosed in people aged 65-74 years. Median age at diagnosis is 66 years. CML is more common in males than in females: incidence rates per 100,000 population are 2.5 in males versus 1.5 in females.

• #27 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) incidence statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-cml/incidence

  Chronic myeloid leukaemia accounted for less than 1% of all new cancer cases in the UK in 2017-2019. […] In females in the UK, chronic myeloid leukaemia accounted for less than 1% of all new female cancer cases. In males in the UK, it accounted for less than 1% of all new male cancer cases. […] 45% of chronic myeloid leukaemia cases in the UK are in females, and 55% are in males. […] Chronic myeloid leukaemia European age-standardised (AS) incidence rates for females and males combined decreased by 26% in the UK between 1993-1995 and 2017-2019. […] For females, chronic myeloid leukaemia AS incidence rates in the UK decreased by 20% between 1993-1995 and 2017-2019. For males, chronic myeloid leukaemia AS incidence rates in the UK decreased by 35% between 1993-1995 and 2017-2019. […] Chronic myeloid leukaemia incidence rates have varied between age groups in females and males combined in the UK since the early 1990s.

• #28 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-cml

  Over the last decade, chronic myeloid leukaemia incidence rates have remained stable in the UK. Rates in females have increased by almost a sixth (16%), and rates in males have remained stable (2017-2019). […] Chronic myeloid leukaemia incidence rates in England in females are similar in the most deprived quintile compared with the least, and in males are similar in the most deprived quintile compared with the least (2013-2017). […] Incidence rates for chronic myeloid leukaemia are higher in the Asian ethnic group, compared with the White ethnic group, in England (2013-2017). […] There are around 220 chronic myeloid leukaemia deaths in the UK every year, that’s more than 4 every week (2017-2019). […] Chronic myeloid leukaemia accounts for less than 1% of all cancer deaths in the UK (2017-2019).

• #29 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Chronic-Myelogenous-Leukemia-Epidemiology.aspx

  The median age at diagnosis is 65 years. CML is exceedingly rare among children and the risk of the cancer rises with age. […] The leukemia usually does not run in families and there are no hereditary, geographic, ethnic, or economic associations with CML. […] The risk however is higher around areas where there has been a high radiation exposure. For example, individuals exposed to the atom bomb explosions in Japan in 1945, those living near the nuclear accident site at Chernobyl are at a greater risk of the cancer and CML rates are higher in these areas. […] According to the American Cancer Society’s estimates for chronic myeloid leukemia cases there will be around 5,920 new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia and 610 deaths from the cancer in 2013. The average person’s lifetime risk of getting CML is about 1 in 625.

• #30 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531459/

  Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has a worldwide annual incidence rate of 0.87 people per 100,000, increasing with age up to 1.52 in patients older than 70. There is a slight predominance in men, and the median age of diagnosis is 56. In the United States, the annual incidence rate between 2009 and 2013 was 1.4 and 2.2 per 100,000 for women and men, respectively. Estimates for 2018 were 8490 new cases of CML and 1090 estimated deaths. […] There is an increased incidence of CML among atomic bomb survivors; however, the predisposing risk factors are unknown.

• #31 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Chronic-Myelogenous-Leukemia-Epidemiology.aspx

  The median age at diagnosis is 65 years. CML is exceedingly rare among children and the risk of the cancer rises with age. […] The leukemia usually does not run in families and there are no hereditary, geographic, ethnic, or economic associations with CML. […] The risk however is higher around areas where there has been a high radiation exposure. For example, individuals exposed to the atom bomb explosions in Japan in 1945, those living near the nuclear accident site at Chernobyl are at a greater risk of the cancer and CML rates are higher in these areas. […] According to the American Cancer Society’s estimates for chronic myeloid leukemia cases there will be around 5,920 new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia and 610 deaths from the cancer in 2013. The average person’s lifetime risk of getting CML is about 1 in 625.

• #32 Chronic myeloid leukemia | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia?lang=us

  The annual incidence is about 1 per 100,000. The typical age at presentation is 50-60 years. Exposure to high-dose radiation is a risk factor. […] First-line medical therapy consists of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), e.g. imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib. With tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, life expectancy approaches that of the general population. […] In some treated patients and in untreated patients, the disease progresses over several years through an accelerated phase and culminates in a blast phase (or blast crisis), which represents fatal acute leukemia. For those patients that have progressed to the accelerated or blast phases despite treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, guidelines recommend replacement with an alternative tyrosine kinase inhibitor while waiting for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

• #33 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Learn What Is CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is also called chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia and chronic myelocytic leukemia. CML is one of four main types of leukemia. […] CML is usually diagnosed in its chronic phase when treatment is very effective for most patients. […] Since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in 2001, CML has been transformed from a life-threatening disease to a manageable chronic condition for most patients. People are living longer with CML and experiencing fewer treatment side effects. […] For most people who have chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), there are no obvious reasons why they develop the disease. No one is born with CML. It happens when there is an injury to the DNA of a single bone marrow cell. Risk factors for CML are: […] CML is slightly more common in males than females. […] The risk of getting CML increases with age. […] In a small number of patients, CML is caused by exposure to very high doses of radiation (such as being a survivor of an atomic bomb blast or a nuclear reactor accident).

• #34 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Learn What Is CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is also called chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia and chronic myelocytic leukemia. CML is one of four main types of leukemia. […] CML is usually diagnosed in its chronic phase when treatment is very effective for most patients. […] Since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in 2001, CML has been transformed from a life-threatening disease to a manageable chronic condition for most patients. People are living longer with CML and experiencing fewer treatment side effects. […] For most people who have chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), there are no obvious reasons why they develop the disease. No one is born with CML. It happens when there is an injury to the DNA of a single bone marrow cell. Risk factors for CML are: […] CML is slightly more common in males than females. […] The risk of getting CML increases with age. […] In a small number of patients, CML is caused by exposure to very high doses of radiation (such as being a survivor of an atomic bomb blast or a nuclear reactor accident).

• #35 Trends in disease burden of chronic myeloid leukemia at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based epidemiologic study | Experimental Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://ehoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40164-020-00185-z

  Smoking was always the leading potential factor contributing to CML deaths and DALYs, based on data in the GBD study, though its contribution ratio decreased. […] Globally, the disease burden of CML has been decreasing from 1990 to 2017. Expressly, the incidence, deaths, and DALYs rate declined sharply in high SDI and high-middle quintiles and a minor decline in the other three SDI quintiles. Additionally, the incident cases, death cases, and DALYs of CML showed an upward trend in middle SDI, low-middle SDI, and low SDI quintiles between 1990 to 2017 due to population growth.

• #36 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensible tools for epidemiological research. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) registries with more comprehensive reporting may also provide complementary data on treatment outcome to those obtained from clinical trials. Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.7-1.0/100,000, a median age at diagnosis of 57-60 years and a male/female ratio of 1.2-1.7. The incidence of CML has been stable over time. Worldwide, variations in the reported incidence of CML may be due to methodological issues, but a true difference between different geographical areas and/or ethnical subgroups cannot be excluded. The prevalence of CML is not well known but has been estimated to be 10-12/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the dramatic improvement in survival of these patients.

• #37 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-71913-5_3

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensable tools for epidemiological research. […] Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.71.3/100,000, median age at diagnosis of 5660 years and a male/female ratio of 1.21.7. […] The incidence of CML has been stable over time. […] The prevalence of CML is less well known but has been estimated to 1520/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the profound improvement in survival of these patients. […] The impact of socioeconomic factors and health-care settings related to long-term outcome, a possible increased risk of secondary cancer development and identification of adverse off-target effects related to the continuous administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among areas of ongoing epidemiological research in CML.

• #38 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-71913-5_3

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensable tools for epidemiological research. […] Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.71.3/100,000, median age at diagnosis of 5660 years and a male/female ratio of 1.21.7. […] The incidence of CML has been stable over time. […] The prevalence of CML is less well known but has been estimated to 1520/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the profound improvement in survival of these patients. […] The impact of socioeconomic factors and health-care settings related to long-term outcome, a possible increased risk of secondary cancer development and identification of adverse off-target effects related to the continuous administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among areas of ongoing epidemiological research in CML.

• #39 Potential to Improve Therapy of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), Especially for Patients with Older Age: Incidence, Mortality, and Survival Rates of Patients with CML in Switzerland from 1995 to 2017

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/24/6269

  In a population-based study of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in Switzerland, we confirmed an increase in relative survival for all age groups over the last decades. This was primarily based on the stable age-adjusted rate of incidence and a substantial decrease of the age-adjusted mortality rate. […] The age-standardized rate (ASR) for the incidence remained stable, while the ASR for mortality decreased by 50–80%, resulting in a five-year RS from 36% to 74% over all four age groups. […] The ASR for mortality of CML patients in the Swiss CCRs impressively decreased for all patients over the complete observation period, from 0.80 for 1995 to 2000 to 0.21 per 100,000 py for 2013 to 2017. […] The considerable improvement of the age-standardized RS in our Swiss cohort of CML patients over the last 20 years is based on the fairly stable incidence and the substantial decrease in mortality. […] Importantly, in delineating the RS for the different age groups and time periods, we found important benefits associated with the changes in CML management for all age groups over the last 20 years.

• #40 Chronic myeloid leukemia | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia?lang=us

  The annual incidence is about 1 per 100,000. The typical age at presentation is 50-60 years. Exposure to high-dose radiation is a risk factor. […] First-line medical therapy consists of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), e.g. imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib. With tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, life expectancy approaches that of the general population. […] In some treated patients and in untreated patients, the disease progresses over several years through an accelerated phase and culminates in a blast phase (or blast crisis), which represents fatal acute leukemia. For those patients that have progressed to the accelerated or blast phases despite treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, guidelines recommend replacement with an alternative tyrosine kinase inhibitor while waiting for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

• #41 Temporal changes in survival among adult patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the period 1995–2022—a Danish nationwide population-based register study | Blood Cancer Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-025-01292-y

  The survival gap was seen among patients above 50 years of age, whereas the OS of younger patients corresponded to the OS of the general population. […] The current study demonstrated a continued increase in age-standardized 5-year OS during an extended period from 1995-2017. […] Despite a remarkable improvement in 5-year OS among patients with CML during the TKI era, the survival has not yet matched that of the general population. […] The findings of the study provide optimism for patients with CML, as they can expect survival rates approaching those of the general population.

• #42 Key Statistics for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/about/statistics.html

  The American Cancer Society’s estimates for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the United States for 2025 are: About 9,560 new cases will be diagnosed with CML (5,610 in men and 3,950 in women) […] About 1,290 people will die of CML (740 men and 550 women) […] About 15% of all new cases of leukemia are chronic myeloid leukemia. About 1 person in 526 will get CML in their lifetime in the United States. […] The average age of people diagnosed with CML is around 64 years. Almost half of all cases are diagnosed in people 65 and older. This type of leukemia mainly affects adults, and is rarely seen in children.

• #43 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 9,560 […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 1,290 […] Chronic myeloid leukemia represents 0.5% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 9,560 new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia and an estimated 1,290 people will die of this disease. […] The rate of new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia was 2.0 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20182022 cases, age-adjusted. […] Death rates from chronic myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 75 to84 years of age. […] The death rate was 0.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20192023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] The percent of chronic myeloid leukemia deaths is highest among people aged 7584. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new chronic myeloid leukemia cases have been rising on average 1.0% each year over 20132022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.7% each year over 20142023.

• #44 Chronic myeloid leukemia statistics | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml/statistics

  It can take several years to collect and confirm cancer data, so the number of new cancer cases and deaths from recent years may not be available for some time. The most recent incidence statistics for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are from 2019: 665 Canadians were diagnosed with CML. 390 men were diagnosed with CML. 270 women were diagnosed with CML. The most recent mortality statistics for CML are from 2022: 140 Canadians died from CML. 73 men died from CML. 67 women died from CML.

• #45 Temporal changes in survival among adult patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the period 1995–2022—a Danish nationwide population-based register study | Blood Cancer Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-025-01292-y

  The survival gap was seen among patients above 50 years of age, whereas the OS of younger patients corresponded to the OS of the general population. […] The current study demonstrated a continued increase in age-standardized 5-year OS during an extended period from 1995-2017. […] Despite a remarkable improvement in 5-year OS among patients with CML during the TKI era, the survival has not yet matched that of the general population. […] The findings of the study provide optimism for patients with CML, as they can expect survival rates approaching those of the general population.

• #46 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensible tools for epidemiological research. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) registries with more comprehensive reporting may also provide complementary data on treatment outcome to those obtained from clinical trials. Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.7-1.0/100,000, a median age at diagnosis of 57-60 years and a male/female ratio of 1.2-1.7. The incidence of CML has been stable over time. Worldwide, variations in the reported incidence of CML may be due to methodological issues, but a true difference between different geographical areas and/or ethnical subgroups cannot be excluded. The prevalence of CML is not well known but has been estimated to be 10-12/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the dramatic improvement in survival of these patients.

• #47 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-71913-5_3

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensable tools for epidemiological research. […] Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.71.3/100,000, median age at diagnosis of 5660 years and a male/female ratio of 1.21.7. […] The incidence of CML has been stable over time. […] The prevalence of CML is less well known but has been estimated to 1520/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the profound improvement in survival of these patients. […] The impact of socioeconomic factors and health-care settings related to long-term outcome, a possible increased risk of secondary cancer development and identification of adverse off-target effects related to the continuous administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among areas of ongoing epidemiological research in CML.

• #48 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 9,560 […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 1,290 […] Chronic myeloid leukemia represents 0.5% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 9,560 new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia and an estimated 1,290 people will die of this disease. […] The rate of new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia was 2.0 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20182022 cases, age-adjusted. […] Death rates from chronic myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 75 to84 years of age. […] The death rate was 0.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20192023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] The percent of chronic myeloid leukemia deaths is highest among people aged 7584. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new chronic myeloid leukemia cases have been rising on average 1.0% each year over 20132022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.7% each year over 20142023.

• #49 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-overview

  The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 9280 new cases of CML will be diagnosed in 2024, 5330 in males and 3950 in females. The ACS estimates that 1280 deaths from CML will occur in 2024, 750 in males and 530 in females. […] The incidence of new CML cases rose on average 1.2% each year over 20122021, reaching 2.0 per 100,000 population in 2022. Age-adjusted death rates remained stable over 20132022, at 0.3 per 100,000 population per year. […] CML is most often diagnosed in people aged 65-74 years. Median age at diagnosis is 66 years. CML is more common in males than in females: incidence rates per 100,000 population are 2.5 in males versus 1.5 in females.

• #50 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 9,560 […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 1,290 […] Chronic myeloid leukemia represents 0.5% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 9,560 new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia and an estimated 1,290 people will die of this disease. […] The rate of new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia was 2.0 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20182022 cases, age-adjusted. […] Death rates from chronic myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 75 to84 years of age. […] The death rate was 0.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20192023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] The percent of chronic myeloid leukemia deaths is highest among people aged 7584. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new chronic myeloid leukemia cases have been rising on average 1.0% each year over 20132022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.7% each year over 20142023.

• #51 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-cml

  In females in the UK, chronic myeloid leukaemia accounts for around 95 deaths every year (2017-2019). […] In males in the UK, chronic myeloid leukaemia accounts for around 130 deaths every year (2017-2019). […] Mortality rates for chronic myeloid leukaemia in the UK are highest in people aged 90+ (2017-2019). […] Each year around two-thirds of all chronic myeloid leukaemia deaths (67%) in the UK are in people aged 75 and over (2017-2019). […] Since the early 1970s, chronic myeloid leukaemia mortality rates have decreased by almost three-quarters (73%) in the UK. Rates in females have decreased by almost four-fifths (78%), and rates in males have decreased by around seven-tenths (71%) (2017-2019). […] Over the last decade, chronic myeloid leukaemia mortality rates have decreased by around a seventh (15%) in the UK. Rates in females have decreased by more than a fifth (22%), and rates in males have remained stable (2017-2019).

• #52 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensible tools for epidemiological research. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) registries with more comprehensive reporting may also provide complementary data on treatment outcome to those obtained from clinical trials. Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.7-1.0/100,000, a median age at diagnosis of 57-60 years and a male/female ratio of 1.2-1.7. The incidence of CML has been stable over time. Worldwide, variations in the reported incidence of CML may be due to methodological issues, but a true difference between different geographical areas and/or ethnical subgroups cannot be excluded. The prevalence of CML is not well known but has been estimated to be 10-12/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the dramatic improvement in survival of these patients.

• #53 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-71913-5_3

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensable tools for epidemiological research. […] Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.71.3/100,000, median age at diagnosis of 5660 years and a male/female ratio of 1.21.7. […] The incidence of CML has been stable over time. […] The prevalence of CML is less well known but has been estimated to 1520/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the profound improvement in survival of these patients. […] The impact of socioeconomic factors and health-care settings related to long-term outcome, a possible increased risk of secondary cancer development and identification of adverse off-target effects related to the continuous administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among areas of ongoing epidemiological research in CML.

• #54 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensible tools for epidemiological research. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) registries with more comprehensive reporting may also provide complementary data on treatment outcome to those obtained from clinical trials. Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.7-1.0/100,000, a median age at diagnosis of 57-60 years and a male/female ratio of 1.2-1.7. The incidence of CML has been stable over time. Worldwide, variations in the reported incidence of CML may be due to methodological issues, but a true difference between different geographical areas and/or ethnical subgroups cannot be excluded. The prevalence of CML is not well known but has been estimated to be 10-12/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the dramatic improvement in survival of these patients.

• #55 EPIDEMIOLOGY IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) IN ANDALUSIA…. EHA Library. Manuel Puerta-Puerta J. Jun 14 2018; 215981

  https://library.ehaweb.org/eha/2018/stockholm/215981/jose.manuel.puerta-puerta.epidemiology.in.chronic.myeloid.leukemia.28cml29.in.html?f=media=3

  EPIDEMIOLOGY IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) IN ANDALUSIA (SPAIN). RESULTS FROM THE ANDALUSIAN REGISTRY OF CML (RALMC) 2002-2016. […] Despite clinical and therapeutic advances on CML, little is known about its epidemiology and there are not many publications showing results on patients health in real life. Population registries allow to obtain information on incidence, prevalence and effectiveness of treatments; this information is usually obtained through clinical trials characterized by their strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. […] To describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients with CML CP in Andalusia and to calculate the rates of incidence among patients older than 20, adjusted to the European population in order to allow for comparison with other registries. […] Population-based retrospective descriptive study on real life, which analyzes the epidemiological features among patients included in RALMC since January 2002 to December 2016.

• #56 EPIDEMIOLOGY IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) IN ANDALUSIA…. EHA Library. Manuel Puerta-Puerta J. Jun 14 2018; 215981

  https://library.ehaweb.org/eha/2018/stockholm/215981/jose.manuel.puerta-puerta.epidemiology.in.chronic.myeloid.leukemia.28cml29.in.html?f=media=3

  With a number of new diagnostics at 288 patients older than 20 in Andalusia between 2005 and 2012, accumulated incidence rates as it is adjusted to the European standard population for CML in Andalusia is of 0.97 cases out of every 100.000 inhabitants/year. […] CML incidence in Andalusia is comparable to that described in the scientific literature and is in keeping with results from the European registry EUTOS from 2015. […] Epidemiological characteristics from our patients are homogeneous to those described in other registries in terms of sex, age of diagnosis and prognostication indices distribution. […] The creation of RALMC on population basis allows to obtain information regarding CML in real life, which is in turn needed for health planning and resource management in clinical praxis and support outside of clinical trials. However, methodological limitations in our registry must be taken into consideration: in Spain, CML patients are not obliged to declare their status, participation in RALMC is voluntary and inclusion is done under written consent.

• #57 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  In recent population-based studies, CML patients have an overall survival that is comparable to that shown in large clinical trials, though relative survival in patients 70 years is still decreased. The importance of socio-economic factors and health-care setting for outcome and the possible increased risk of secondary cancer in CML are areas of ongoing research.

• #58 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-71913-5_3

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensable tools for epidemiological research. […] Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.71.3/100,000, median age at diagnosis of 5660 years and a male/female ratio of 1.21.7. […] The incidence of CML has been stable over time. […] The prevalence of CML is less well known but has been estimated to 1520/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the profound improvement in survival of these patients. […] The impact of socioeconomic factors and health-care settings related to long-term outcome, a possible increased risk of secondary cancer development and identification of adverse off-target effects related to the continuous administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among areas of ongoing epidemiological research in CML.

• #59 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  In recent population-based studies, CML patients have an overall survival that is comparable to that shown in large clinical trials, though relative survival in patients 70 years is still decreased. The importance of socio-economic factors and health-care setting for outcome and the possible increased risk of secondary cancer in CML are areas of ongoing research.

• #60 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-71913-5_3

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensable tools for epidemiological research. […] Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.71.3/100,000, median age at diagnosis of 5660 years and a male/female ratio of 1.21.7. […] The incidence of CML has been stable over time. […] The prevalence of CML is less well known but has been estimated to 1520/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the profound improvement in survival of these patients. […] The impact of socioeconomic factors and health-care settings related to long-term outcome, a possible increased risk of secondary cancer development and identification of adverse off-target effects related to the continuous administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among areas of ongoing epidemiological research in CML.

• #61 Chronic myeloid leukemia in children: a rare and unique entity | Boychenko | Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology

  https://www.hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/600/0?locale=en_US

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) rarely occurs in the first two decades of life, accounting for 2% to 3% of leukemias in children and adolescents. […] Because of a lack of robust clinical study evidence, management of CML in children is not standardized and often follows guidelines developed for adults. […] Children and young adults tend to have a more aggressive clinical presentation than older adults, and recent data indicate that some genetic differences exist in pediatric and adult CML. […] This review aims to outlines the morphological, genetic and immuno-phenotypical findings of pediatric CML, and to recommend a uniform approach for the diagnostic procedures to be applied and for standardized treatment. […] Definition, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Essential Criteria for Diagnosis of Pediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

• #62 Hsa_circ_0006010 and hsa_circ_0002903 in peripheral blood serve as novel diagnostic, surveillance and prognostic biomarkers for disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia | BMC Cancer | Full Text

  https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-024-12943-x

  In the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains a significant clinical challenge, and genetic biomarkers for the early identification of CML patients at risk for progression are limited. This study explored whether essential circular RNAs (circRNAs) can be used as biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring CML disease progression and assessing CML prognosis. […] The aberrant expression of hsa_circ_0006010 and hsa_circ_0002903 during CML progression could serve as valuable biomarkers for differentiating CML-AP/BP patients from CMP-CP patients or HCs. […] Furthermore, survival analysis revealed that high hsa_circ_0006010 expression and low hsa_circ_0002903 expression indicated poor progression-free survival (PFS) in CML patients.

• #63 Hsa_circ_0006010 and hsa_circ_0002903 in peripheral blood serve as novel diagnostic, surveillance and prognostic biomarkers for disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia | BMC Cancer | Full Text

  https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-024-12943-x

  Finally, PB hsa_circ_0006010 and hsa_circ_0002903 expression at diagnosis may also serve as disease progression surveillance markers for CML patients but were not correlated with PB BCR-ABL1/ABL1IS. […] Our study demonstrated that PB levels of hsa_circ_0006010 and hsa_circ_0002903 may serve as novel diagnostic, surveillance, and prognostic biomarkers for CML disease progression and may contribute to assisting in the diagnosis of CML patients at risk for progression and accurate management of advanced CML patients.

• #64 What’s New in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Research? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/about/new-research.html

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is being studied in labs and in clinical trials around the world. […] Researchers are looking closely at how specific gene changes could be used to determine treatment, predict disease progression, and develop other drugs to treat CML. […] Because TKIs have drastically changed the treatment and outcomes of CML, an exciting area of research is looking at whether TKI treatment can be stopped. Clinical trials are being done to see if this is possible and what should be done if the CML comes back. […] Scientists continue to look for new drugs to treat CML, especially CML that no longer responds to TKIs. […] Several vaccines are now being studied for use against CML, but more research is needed.

• #65 Population-based Testing and Treatment Characteristics for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/44069

  Introduction National and International Hematology/Oncology Practice Guidelines recommend testing for the BCR-ABL mutation for definitive diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to allow for appropriate treatment with a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI). The purpose of our study was to describe population-based testing and treatment practice characteristics for patients diagnosed with CML. […] A total of 685 cases of CML were identified; 55% (374) had a documented BCR-ABL gene test with 96% (360) of these being positive for the BCR-ABL gene and the remaining 4% (14) either testing negative or had a missing result. […] One state registry reported a significantly lower percentage of patients being tested for the BCR-ABL gene (25%) and receiving TKI treatment (21%). […] Receipt of testing or treatment for these nine states did not vary by sex, race, ethnicity, census tract poverty level, census tract urbanization, or insurance status; BCR-ABL testing varied by state of residence and BCR-ABL testing and TKI therapy occurred less often with increasing age (OR: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.950.99; OR: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.960.99 respectively). […] A majority of the case patients had appropriate testing for the BCR-ABL gene and treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, BCR-ABL testing and TKI treatment decreased with increasing age. Further research is needed to understand CML coding, testing, and treatment disparities.

• #66 Population-based Testing and Treatment Characteristics for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/44069

  Introduction National and International Hematology/Oncology Practice Guidelines recommend testing for the BCR-ABL mutation for definitive diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to allow for appropriate treatment with a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI). The purpose of our study was to describe population-based testing and treatment practice characteristics for patients diagnosed with CML. […] A total of 685 cases of CML were identified; 55% (374) had a documented BCR-ABL gene test with 96% (360) of these being positive for the BCR-ABL gene and the remaining 4% (14) either testing negative or had a missing result. […] One state registry reported a significantly lower percentage of patients being tested for the BCR-ABL gene (25%) and receiving TKI treatment (21%). […] Receipt of testing or treatment for these nine states did not vary by sex, race, ethnicity, census tract poverty level, census tract urbanization, or insurance status; BCR-ABL testing varied by state of residence and BCR-ABL testing and TKI therapy occurred less often with increasing age (OR: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.950.99; OR: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.960.99 respectively). […] A majority of the case patients had appropriate testing for the BCR-ABL gene and treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, BCR-ABL testing and TKI treatment decreased with increasing age. Further research is needed to understand CML coding, testing, and treatment disparities.

• #67 Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (Causes, Symptoms and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-pro

  The annual incidence of CML is 4.2 cases per 100,000. CML represents about 15% of all adult leukaemias. Presentation can occur at any age; however, it is rare in children (CML represents only 5% of childhood leukaemia). The median age at diagnosis is 72 years. […] 85-90% of patients are diagnosed in the chronic phase and in recent years about 40% of patients have been diagnosed before any symptoms developed, with incidental abnormalities spotted on a blood test. […] The characteristic feature in CML is the Ph chromosome, found in about 90% of cases. Of those with a negative Ph chromosome, a third to one half test positive for the abnormal gene, or the abnormal protein associated with the chromosome, when more sensitive studies, such as dual fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are used. They have a similar prognosis and response to treatment as patients with classical Ph CML.

• #68 Chronic myeloid leukemia: cytogenetics and molecular biology’s part in the comprehension and management of the pathology and treatment evolution | Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics | Full Text

  https://jmhg.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43042-022-00248-2

  The cytogenetic response is a decrease in the percentage of Ph+ cells evaluated by analysis of residual metaphases according to conventional or molecular cytogenetics. […] TKI resistance is defined as a patient’s non-response after treatment. […] The management of chronic myeloid leukemia with Ph+ has undergone significant progress over a relatively short period, starting with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and recombinant interferon alfa (rIFN) or drugs used as initial treatment such as Hydroxyurea, Cytarabine or Busulfan, and more recently tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). […] In general, chronic myeloid leukemia has become manageable and curable over the decades thanks to advances in cancer therapy.

• #69 Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (Causes, Symptoms and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-pro

  The annual incidence of CML is 4.2 cases per 100,000. CML represents about 15% of all adult leukaemias. Presentation can occur at any age; however, it is rare in children (CML represents only 5% of childhood leukaemia). The median age at diagnosis is 72 years. […] 85-90% of patients are diagnosed in the chronic phase and in recent years about 40% of patients have been diagnosed before any symptoms developed, with incidental abnormalities spotted on a blood test. […] The characteristic feature in CML is the Ph chromosome, found in about 90% of cases. Of those with a negative Ph chromosome, a third to one half test positive for the abnormal gene, or the abnormal protein associated with the chromosome, when more sensitive studies, such as dual fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are used. They have a similar prognosis and response to treatment as patients with classical Ph CML.

• #70 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-myeloid-leukemia

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; previously called chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, or chronic granulocytic leukemia) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that manifests uncontrolled proliferation of mature and maturing granulocytes in blood and bone marrow. CML accounts for approximately 15 percent of adult leukemias. The median age at diagnosis is in the sixties, but CML can occur at any age. Most patients present with chronic phase (CP) CML, which is a relatively indolent disorder of excessive mature and maturing neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, with or without splenomegaly and/or constitutional symptoms. Up to one-half of patients with CP CML are asymptomatic at diagnosis. In regions with limited access to medical care, patients often present with more advanced disease.

• #71 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-myeloid-leukemia

  Infrequently, patients initially present with more aggressive stages of CML called accelerated phase (AP) and/or blast phase (BP). These advanced stages of CML manifest increasingly immature blood cells in blood and bone marrow, worsening symptoms, and additional cytogenetic abnormalities. […] This topic discusses pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of CML.

• #72 Chronic myeloid leukemia: cytogenetics and molecular biology’s part in the comprehension and management of the pathology and treatment evolution | Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics | Full Text

  https://jmhg.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43042-022-00248-2

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer that affects hematopoietic stem cells and is often characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. […] The median age of people affected is approximately 56 years and it accounts for about 15-20% of leukemia in adults. CML incidence worldwide varies from 0.6 to 2.8/100,000 individuals per year. […] The WHOs recent definition of CML stages divides disease progression into two phases: An accelerated phase (AP) with continuous or increasing splenomegaly, persistent or increasing leukocytosis. […] Cytogenetic and molecular biology techniques play a key role in the detection of chromosomal abnormalities and mutations involved in the oncogenesis of the disease. […] As for the treatment of CML, advances in science have led to the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as a targeted therapy, which acts directly on the kinase activity of the BCR-ABL oncoprotein.

• #73 Chronic myeloid leukemia: cytogenetics and molecular biology’s part in the comprehension and management of the pathology and treatment evolution | Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics | Full Text

  https://jmhg.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43042-022-00248-2

  The cytogenetic response is a decrease in the percentage of Ph+ cells evaluated by analysis of residual metaphases according to conventional or molecular cytogenetics. […] TKI resistance is defined as a patient’s non-response after treatment. […] The management of chronic myeloid leukemia with Ph+ has undergone significant progress over a relatively short period, starting with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and recombinant interferon alfa (rIFN) or drugs used as initial treatment such as Hydroxyurea, Cytarabine or Busulfan, and more recently tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). […] In general, chronic myeloid leukemia has become manageable and curable over the decades thanks to advances in cancer therapy.

• #74 EPIDEMIOLOGY IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) IN ANDALUSIA…. EHA Library. Manuel Puerta-Puerta J. Jun 14 2018; 215981

  https://library.ehaweb.org/eha/2018/stockholm/215981/jose.manuel.puerta-puerta.epidemiology.in.chronic.myeloid.leukemia.28cml29.in.html?f=media=3

  With a number of new diagnostics at 288 patients older than 20 in Andalusia between 2005 and 2012, accumulated incidence rates as it is adjusted to the European standard population for CML in Andalusia is of 0.97 cases out of every 100.000 inhabitants/year. […] CML incidence in Andalusia is comparable to that described in the scientific literature and is in keeping with results from the European registry EUTOS from 2015. […] Epidemiological characteristics from our patients are homogeneous to those described in other registries in terms of sex, age of diagnosis and prognostication indices distribution. […] The creation of RALMC on population basis allows to obtain information regarding CML in real life, which is in turn needed for health planning and resource management in clinical praxis and support outside of clinical trials. However, methodological limitations in our registry must be taken into consideration: in Spain, CML patients are not obliged to declare their status, participation in RALMC is voluntary and inclusion is done under written consent.

• #75 Trends in disease burden of chronic myeloid leukemia at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based epidemiologic study | Experimental Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://ehoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40164-020-00185-z

  Smoking was always the leading potential factor contributing to CML deaths and DALYs, based on data in the GBD study, though its contribution ratio decreased. […] Globally, the disease burden of CML has been decreasing from 1990 to 2017. Expressly, the incidence, deaths, and DALYs rate declined sharply in high SDI and high-middle quintiles and a minor decline in the other three SDI quintiles. Additionally, the incident cases, death cases, and DALYs of CML showed an upward trend in middle SDI, low-middle SDI, and low SDI quintiles between 1990 to 2017 due to population growth.

• #76 Trends in disease burden of chronic myeloid leukemia at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based epidemiologic study | Experimental Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://ehoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40164-020-00185-z

  Smoking was always the leading potential factor contributing to CML deaths and DALYs, based on data in the GBD study, though its contribution ratio decreased. […] Globally, the disease burden of CML has been decreasing from 1990 to 2017. Expressly, the incidence, deaths, and DALYs rate declined sharply in high SDI and high-middle quintiles and a minor decline in the other three SDI quintiles. Additionally, the incident cases, death cases, and DALYs of CML showed an upward trend in middle SDI, low-middle SDI, and low SDI quintiles between 1990 to 2017 due to population growth.

• #77 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Tunisia

  https://biomedgrid.com/fulltext/volume17/Epidemiology%20of%20Chronic%20Myeloid%20Leukemia%20in%20Tunisia.002328.php

  The epidemiology of CML in low and middle income countries is limited. Differences in age at diagnosis and overall survival exist between regions. Epidemiological studies should be conducted to assess for possible environmental factors associated with clinical and outcome characteristics. […] Between January 2011 and December 2019, a total of 801 newly diagnosed patients with CML (415 men and 376 women) were registered in Tunisia. This corresponds to an annual incidence of 7.9 per 106 inhabitants. The diagnosis of CML was confirmed by karyotyping and/or RT-PCR in all cases. Median age at diagnosis was 49 years, 16% of patients had more than 65 years and 5% were less than 20 years. […] Chronic myeloid leukemia accounts for 15% of adult leukemias, an increasing annual prevalence rate of CML is observed in Tunisia and all over the world, this is due to the use of TKI therapy positively influencing survival and life expectancy of CML patients.

• #78 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensible tools for epidemiological research. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) registries with more comprehensive reporting may also provide complementary data on treatment outcome to those obtained from clinical trials. Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.7-1.0/100,000, a median age at diagnosis of 57-60 years and a male/female ratio of 1.2-1.7. The incidence of CML has been stable over time. Worldwide, variations in the reported incidence of CML may be due to methodological issues, but a true difference between different geographical areas and/or ethnical subgroups cannot be excluded. The prevalence of CML is not well known but has been estimated to be 10-12/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the dramatic improvement in survival of these patients.

• #79 EPIDEMIOLOGY IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) IN ANDALUSIA…. EHA Library. Manuel Puerta-Puerta J. Jun 14 2018; 215981

  https://library.ehaweb.org/eha/2018/stockholm/215981/jose.manuel.puerta-puerta.epidemiology.in.chronic.myeloid.leukemia.28cml29.in.html?f=media=3

  With a number of new diagnostics at 288 patients older than 20 in Andalusia between 2005 and 2012, accumulated incidence rates as it is adjusted to the European standard population for CML in Andalusia is of 0.97 cases out of every 100.000 inhabitants/year. […] CML incidence in Andalusia is comparable to that described in the scientific literature and is in keeping with results from the European registry EUTOS from 2015. […] Epidemiological characteristics from our patients are homogeneous to those described in other registries in terms of sex, age of diagnosis and prognostication indices distribution. […] The creation of RALMC on population basis allows to obtain information regarding CML in real life, which is in turn needed for health planning and resource management in clinical praxis and support outside of clinical trials. However, methodological limitations in our registry must be taken into consideration: in Spain, CML patients are not obliged to declare their status, participation in RALMC is voluntary and inclusion is done under written consent.

• #80 Hsa_circ_0006010 and hsa_circ_0002903 in peripheral blood serve as novel diagnostic, surveillance and prognostic biomarkers for disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia | BMC Cancer | Full Text

  https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-024-12943-x

  Finally, PB hsa_circ_0006010 and hsa_circ_0002903 expression at diagnosis may also serve as disease progression surveillance markers for CML patients but were not correlated with PB BCR-ABL1/ABL1IS. […] Our study demonstrated that PB levels of hsa_circ_0006010 and hsa_circ_0002903 may serve as novel diagnostic, surveillance, and prognostic biomarkers for CML disease progression and may contribute to assisting in the diagnosis of CML patients at risk for progression and accurate management of advanced CML patients.

• #81 What’s New in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Research? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/about/new-research.html

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is being studied in labs and in clinical trials around the world. […] Researchers are looking closely at how specific gene changes could be used to determine treatment, predict disease progression, and develop other drugs to treat CML. […] Because TKIs have drastically changed the treatment and outcomes of CML, an exciting area of research is looking at whether TKI treatment can be stopped. Clinical trials are being done to see if this is possible and what should be done if the CML comes back. […] Scientists continue to look for new drugs to treat CML, especially CML that no longer responds to TKIs. […] Several vaccines are now being studied for use against CML, but more research is needed.

• #82 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-71913-5_3

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensable tools for epidemiological research. […] Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.71.3/100,000, median age at diagnosis of 5660 years and a male/female ratio of 1.21.7. […] The incidence of CML has been stable over time. […] The prevalence of CML is less well known but has been estimated to 1520/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the profound improvement in survival of these patients. […] The impact of socioeconomic factors and health-care settings related to long-term outcome, a possible increased risk of secondary cancer development and identification of adverse off-target effects related to the continuous administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among areas of ongoing epidemiological research in CML.

• #83 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Tunisia

  https://biomedgrid.com/fulltext/volume17/Epidemiology%20of%20Chronic%20Myeloid%20Leukemia%20in%20Tunisia.002328.php

  The finding of regional differences in age at diagnosis demonstrates that there exists a possible environmental factor that may be impacting the pattern of CML. […] CML prevalence is anticipated to increase due to therapeutic advancements, continuous evaluation of adherence to CML guidelines and treatment results is of key importance. […] Many important differences in hematological cancers, including CML, have been highlighted in various publications in developing countries vs developed countries. These include differences in incidence and prevalence rates, age, and stage of disease at diagnosis, response rates, and survival.

• #84 Temporal changes in survival among adult patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the period 1995–2022—a Danish nationwide population-based register study | Blood Cancer Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-025-01292-y

  The survival gap was seen among patients above 50 years of age, whereas the OS of younger patients corresponded to the OS of the general population. […] The current study demonstrated a continued increase in age-standardized 5-year OS during an extended period from 1995-2017. […] Despite a remarkable improvement in 5-year OS among patients with CML during the TKI era, the survival has not yet matched that of the general population. […] The findings of the study provide optimism for patients with CML, as they can expect survival rates approaching those of the general population.

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