Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Signs and Symptoms of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/signs-and-symptoms

  People who have chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) may not have any symptoms at first. Often, patients learn they have CML after a routine physical exam or a blood test. CML signs and symptoms tend to develop gradually. Those with symptoms often report experiencing: […] Many signs and symptoms of CML occur because the CML cells crowd out the bone marrows healthy red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. […] Anemia is a lack of red blood cells that can cause weakness, fatigue and shortness of breath. A lack of normal white blood cells can increase the risk of infection, and a lack of platelets can lead to excessive bruising or bleeding. Symptoms may also occur because CML cells accumulate in organs such as the spleen. Some patients may have a high platelet count.

• #2 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Many people with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) won’t have any symptoms at all. They are diagnosed because they have a routine blood test for something else. […] In CML symptoms tend to be mild at first and get worse slowly. Many of the symptoms listed below occur in CML but are more likely to be caused by other illnesses. […] As the number of abnormal white blood cells rise, you may pick up infections more easily. This is because the abnormal white blood cells cannot fight off infection as well as healthy ones. […] It is common for people with CML to feel very tired. This is because your bone marrow isn’t able to make enough red blood cells. They are crowded out by the large numbers of abnormal white blood cells. A shortage of red blood cells is called anaemia. This can make you feel breathless and tired.

• #3 Chronic myeloid leukaemia – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/276

  Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) may be asymptomatic at presentation in approximately 50% of patients. Symptoms, if present, typically include malaise, fever, weight loss, abdominal discomfort, and night sweats. […] Splenomegaly is the most common physical finding; nearly all patients will have elevated WBC count. […] The 'chronic’ phase of the disease may transform to an 'accelerated’ or 'blast’ phase in 5% to 10% of patients despite treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, the blast phase resulting in acute myeloid or acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. […] Other diagnostic factors include weight loss, excessive sweating, fever, pallor, bruising, and retinal haemorrhages.

• #4 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531459/

  Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), BCR-ABL1-positive, is classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm predominantly composed of proliferating granulocytes and determined to have the Philadelphia chromosome/translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11.2). CML affects both the peripheral blood and the bone marrow. […] Approximately half of the patients with CML are asymptomatic and are diagnosed on routine complete blood count. Most patients are in the chronic phase of CML. CML, in the chronic phase, most often presents with symptoms related to anemia and splenomegaly. Symptomatic anemia includes symptoms such as fatigue and malaise. Splenomegaly may cause a mass effect resulting in early satiety, left upper quadrant fullness, or pain. CML may also cause thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction resulting in bleeding, thrombocytosis resulting in thrombosis or priapism, basophilia resulting in histamine release, and upper gastrointestinal ulcers. As CML progresses into the accelerated phase or blast phase, symptoms such as headaches, bone pain, fever, joint pain, bleeding, infections, and lymphadenopathy become more common.

• #5 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/symptoms/

  Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) are not always obvious and can be similar to other conditions. […] You may not have any symptoms in the early stages. […] If you do have symptoms, they can include: feeling tired or weak, bleeding or bruising easily or for no reason, looking more pale than usual on brown or black skin this may be easier to see on the palms of your hands or insides of your eyelids, getting ill a lot or taking longer than usual to recover from illnesses, swollen glands, usually in the neck, armpits and groin, aches and pains in your bones, loss of appetite or losing weight without trying, swollen tummy your tummy may feel painful, uncomfortable or full, night sweats, headaches. […] Less common symptoms include: blurred vision, swollen or painful joints, painful erections (priapism), or erections that do not go down. […] Most of these symptoms are common and can be caused by many different conditions. […] Having them does not definitely mean you have CML. But it’s important to get them checked by a GP. […] This is because if they’re caused by leukaemia, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat.

• #6 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Many people with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) won’t have any symptoms at all. They are diagnosed because they have a routine blood test for something else. […] In CML symptoms tend to be mild at first and get worse slowly. Many of the symptoms listed below occur in CML but are more likely to be caused by other illnesses. […] As the number of abnormal white blood cells rise, you may pick up infections more easily. This is because the abnormal white blood cells cannot fight off infection as well as healthy ones. […] It is common for people with CML to feel very tired. This is because your bone marrow isn’t able to make enough red blood cells. They are crowded out by the large numbers of abnormal white blood cells. A shortage of red blood cells is called anaemia. This can make you feel breathless and tired.

• #7 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Signs and Symptoms of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/signs-and-symptoms

  People who have chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) may not have any symptoms at first. Often, patients learn they have CML after a routine physical exam or a blood test. CML signs and symptoms tend to develop gradually. Those with symptoms often report experiencing: […] Many signs and symptoms of CML occur because the CML cells crowd out the bone marrows healthy red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. […] Anemia is a lack of red blood cells that can cause weakness, fatigue and shortness of breath. A lack of normal white blood cells can increase the risk of infection, and a lack of platelets can lead to excessive bruising or bleeding. Symptoms may also occur because CML cells accumulate in organs such as the spleen. Some patients may have a high platelet count.

• #8 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Many people with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) won’t have any symptoms at all. They are diagnosed because they have a routine blood test for something else. […] In CML symptoms tend to be mild at first and get worse slowly. Many of the symptoms listed below occur in CML but are more likely to be caused by other illnesses. […] As the number of abnormal white blood cells rise, you may pick up infections more easily. This is because the abnormal white blood cells cannot fight off infection as well as healthy ones. […] It is common for people with CML to feel very tired. This is because your bone marrow isn’t able to make enough red blood cells. They are crowded out by the large numbers of abnormal white blood cells. A shortage of red blood cells is called anaemia. This can make you feel breathless and tired.

• #9 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21845-chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-cml

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is blood cancer that starts in the blood-forming myeloid cells or stem cells in your bone marrow. […] Many people learn they have CML after routine blood test results show unusual blood cell counts. Prompt treatment keeps CML from getting worse. Without treatment, chronic myeloid leukemia can become a life-threatening illness within three to four years. […] You can have CML without having noticeable symptoms. Chronic myeloid leukemia symptoms are mild and get worse over time. Common CML symptoms may include: Fatigue or weakness. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). Fever. Night sweats. Unexplained weight loss. Abdominal swelling or discomfort in the upper left part of your belly, where you can find your spleen. Feeling full when you haven’t eaten much. […] In blast CML, tests show blasts make up 20% or more of cells in your bone marrow or blood. Most people with blast phase CML have very noticeable symptoms such as extreme fatigue, fever, weight loss and shortness of breath.

• #10 What Are the Symptoms of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cml/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-symptoms

  Shortness of breath, especially during everyday activities, is another symptom caused by anemia. […] Many times in CML, the cancerous cells crowd out the platelets in your blood. Without enough platelets, you bruise and bleed more easily. […] An enlarged spleen, or splenomegaly, can be another symptom of CML. […] Over time, this can cause weight loss that you’re not even aware of. […] Fevers and night sweats are known as B symptoms. […] Bone pain can sometimes occur with CML. […] CML has a variety of symptoms that may seem very general in the early stages. As the cancer cells multiply and make up more of the bone marrow, symptoms may start becoming more severe, and you may notice more of them.

• #11 Chronic myeloid leukaemia – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/276

  Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) may be asymptomatic at presentation in approximately 50% of patients. Symptoms, if present, typically include malaise, fever, weight loss, abdominal discomfort, and night sweats. […] Splenomegaly is the most common physical finding; nearly all patients will have elevated WBC count. […] The 'chronic’ phase of the disease may transform to an 'accelerated’ or 'blast’ phase in 5% to 10% of patients despite treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, the blast phase resulting in acute myeloid or acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. […] Other diagnostic factors include weight loss, excessive sweating, fever, pallor, bruising, and retinal haemorrhages.

• #12 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-clinical

  The clinical manifestations of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) are insidious. The disease is often discovered incidentally in the chronic phase, when an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count is revealed by a routine blood count or when an enlarged spleen is found on a general physical examination. […] Nonspecific symptoms of fatigue and weight loss may occur long after the onset of the disease. Loss of energy and decreased exercise tolerance may occur during the chronic phase after several months. […] Patients often have symptoms related to enlargement of the spleen, liver, or both. The large spleen may encroach on the stomach and cause early satiety and decreased food intake. Left upper quadrant abdominal pain described as „gripping” may occur from spleen infarction. The enlarged spleen may also be associated with a hypermetabolic state, fever, weight loss, and chronic fatigue. The enlarged liver may contribute to the patient’s weight loss.

• #13 Disease progression of chronic myeloid leukemia | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml/disease-progression

  CML usually progresses slowly. The granulocytes with the BCR-ABL gene (called leukemia cells or CML cells) gradually start building up in the blood and bone marrow. Over time, other genetic changes occur. These changes are called additional chromosome abnormalities (ACAs). They make blast cells reproduce more quickly. As a result, the number of blast cells in the bone marrow increases and they start to appear in large numbers in the blood. These blast cells crowd out the healthy red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. […] As CML progresses, you may have the following symptoms: fatigue that slowly gets worse, pain in your left side near the ribs from a swollen spleen, feeling full after eating a small amount of food (early satiety), which can happen when the spleen is swollen and stops the stomach from expanding when you eat, weight loss, frequent infections, bone pain.

• #14 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Low levels of platelets in the blood can cause bleeding or bruising. You may find that you bruise more easily than usual or with no obvious cause. You may also have bleeding from the gums or nose. More rarely people notice a fine rash of dark red spots (called purpura). […] The spleen is an organ on the left side of your tummy (abdomen), just under your ribs. It can become swollen and larger than normal. This can cause discomfort or pain in your tummy (abdomen). Your doctor may be able to feel your enlarged spleen. […] In CML, abnormal white blood cells can also collect in the lymph glands. This may cause swollen lymph nodes. […] Some people gradually lose their appetite. This can be due to the swollen spleen pressing on the stomach. […] CML can use up energy that your body would otherwise use or store. So you may lose weight, even if you think you are eating normally.

• #15 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Low levels of platelets in the blood can cause bleeding or bruising. You may find that you bruise more easily than usual or with no obvious cause. You may also have bleeding from the gums or nose. More rarely people notice a fine rash of dark red spots (called purpura). […] The spleen is an organ on the left side of your tummy (abdomen), just under your ribs. It can become swollen and larger than normal. This can cause discomfort or pain in your tummy (abdomen). Your doctor may be able to feel your enlarged spleen. […] In CML, abnormal white blood cells can also collect in the lymph glands. This may cause swollen lymph nodes. […] Some people gradually lose their appetite. This can be due to the swollen spleen pressing on the stomach. […] CML can use up energy that your body would otherwise use or store. So you may lose weight, even if you think you are eating normally.

• #16 Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  The symptoms of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are often vague and are more often caused by other things. Overall, the signs and symptoms of leukemia can affect men or women and do not differ by sex or gender. They include: Weakness, Fatigue, Night sweats, Weight loss, Fever, Bone pain (caused by leukemia cells spreading from the marrow cavity to the surface of the bone or into the joint), An enlarged spleen (felt as a mass under the left side of the ribcage), Pain or a sense of „fullness” in the belly, Feeling full after eating even a small amount of food. […] Many of the signs and symptoms of CML occur because the leukemia cells replace the bone marrow’s normal blood-making cells. As a result, people with CML don’t make enough red blood cells, properly functioning white blood cells, and platelets. […] The most common sign of CML is an abnormal white blood cell count.

• #17 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-clinical

  Some patients with CML have low-grade fever and excessive sweating related to hypermetabolism. […] In some patients who present in the accelerated, or acute, leukemia phase of the disease (skipping the chronic phase), bleeding, petechiae, and ecchymoses may be the prominent symptoms. In these situations, fever is usually associated with infections. Bone pain and fever, as well as an increase in bone marrow fibrosis, are harbingers of the blast phase. […] Splenomegaly is the most common physical finding in patients with CML. In more than 50% of the patients with CML, the spleen extends more than 5 cm below the left costal margin at time of discovery. […] The size of the spleen correlates with the peripheral blood granulocyte counts, with the largest spleens being observed in patients with high WBC counts. A very large spleen is usually a harbinger of the transformation into an acute blast crisis form of the disease.

• #18 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) – Blood Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/leukemias/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml

  As the disease progresses to the blast phase, people become sicker because of the inability of the bone marrow to produce enough normal blood cells. Massive enlargement of the spleen is common in the blast phase, as well as fever and weight loss. […] Fever and excessive sweating may indicate infection, which may result from too few normal white blood cells. […] Weakness, fatigue, and paleness, which may result from too few red blood cells (anemia). Some people may have trouble breathing, a rapid heart rate, or chest pain. […] Easy bruising and bleeding, sometimes in the form of nosebleeds or bleeding gums, which may result from too few platelets (thrombocytopenia). In some cases, people may bleed into their brain or abdomen. […] Fever, enlarged lymph nodes, an increase in immature white blood cells, and certain skin rashes are usually signs of advanced disease.

• #19 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Some people have sudden onsets of a high temperature (fever) and sweating. This can occur more often at night. […] If you have a very high white blood cell count, the extra cells can clog the smallest blood vessels in the brain. This can cause headaches in some people. […] Sometimes you may get aches in your bones. This is because there are leukaemia cells building up in the bone marrow, increasing pressure on nerves and causing pain. […] These symptoms may occur but are usually in the later stages of CML. […] If you have a very high white blood cell count, the extra cells can clog the smallest blood vessels in the eyes. This may cause eye problems. […] Some people get swollen joints due to a build up of body salts in the tissues. […] Doctors call this priapism. It is a rare symptom. Priapism is an erection that won’t go down and can become very painful. It is caused by the abnormally high number of white blood cells in the blood blocking up tiny blood vessels in the penis. […] If you have any of these symptoms you must have them checked by your GP. But remember, they can be caused by other conditions. […] Most people with these symptoms will not have chronic myeloid leukaemia.

• #20 Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-cml

  Chronic myelogenous leukemia is grouped into phases: […] The chronic phase can last for months or years. The disease may have few or no symptoms during this time. Most people are diagnosed during this stage, when they have blood tests done for other reasons. […] The accelerated phase is a more dangerous phase. Leukemia cells grow more quickly. Common symptoms include fever (even without infection), bone pain, and a swollen spleen. […] Untreated CML leads to the blast crisis phase. Bleeding and infection may occur due to bone marrow failure. […] Other possible symptoms of a blast crisis include: […] Bruising […] Excessive sweating (night sweats) […] Fatigue […] Fever […] Pressure under the lower left ribs from a swollen spleen […] Rash — small pinpoint red marks on the skin (petechiae) […] Weakness.

• #21 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Signs and Symptoms of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/signs-and-symptoms

  People who have chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) may not have any symptoms at first. Often, patients learn they have CML after a routine physical exam or a blood test. CML signs and symptoms tend to develop gradually. Those with symptoms often report experiencing: […] Many signs and symptoms of CML occur because the CML cells crowd out the bone marrows healthy red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. […] Anemia is a lack of red blood cells that can cause weakness, fatigue and shortness of breath. A lack of normal white blood cells can increase the risk of infection, and a lack of platelets can lead to excessive bruising or bleeding. Symptoms may also occur because CML cells accumulate in organs such as the spleen. Some patients may have a high platelet count.

• #22 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Many people with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) won’t have any symptoms at all. They are diagnosed because they have a routine blood test for something else. […] In CML symptoms tend to be mild at first and get worse slowly. Many of the symptoms listed below occur in CML but are more likely to be caused by other illnesses. […] As the number of abnormal white blood cells rise, you may pick up infections more easily. This is because the abnormal white blood cells cannot fight off infection as well as healthy ones. […] It is common for people with CML to feel very tired. This is because your bone marrow isn’t able to make enough red blood cells. They are crowded out by the large numbers of abnormal white blood cells. A shortage of red blood cells is called anaemia. This can make you feel breathless and tired.

• #23 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Low levels of platelets in the blood can cause bleeding or bruising. You may find that you bruise more easily than usual or with no obvious cause. You may also have bleeding from the gums or nose. More rarely people notice a fine rash of dark red spots (called purpura). […] The spleen is an organ on the left side of your tummy (abdomen), just under your ribs. It can become swollen and larger than normal. This can cause discomfort or pain in your tummy (abdomen). Your doctor may be able to feel your enlarged spleen. […] In CML, abnormal white blood cells can also collect in the lymph glands. This may cause swollen lymph nodes. […] Some people gradually lose their appetite. This can be due to the swollen spleen pressing on the stomach. […] CML can use up energy that your body would otherwise use or store. So you may lose weight, even if you think you are eating normally.

• #24 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) – Blood Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/leukemias/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml

  As the disease progresses to the blast phase, people become sicker because of the inability of the bone marrow to produce enough normal blood cells. Massive enlargement of the spleen is common in the blast phase, as well as fever and weight loss. […] Fever and excessive sweating may indicate infection, which may result from too few normal white blood cells. […] Weakness, fatigue, and paleness, which may result from too few red blood cells (anemia). Some people may have trouble breathing, a rapid heart rate, or chest pain. […] Easy bruising and bleeding, sometimes in the form of nosebleeds or bleeding gums, which may result from too few platelets (thrombocytopenia). In some cases, people may bleed into their brain or abdomen. […] Fever, enlarged lymph nodes, an increase in immature white blood cells, and certain skin rashes are usually signs of advanced disease.

• #25 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Some people have sudden onsets of a high temperature (fever) and sweating. This can occur more often at night. […] If you have a very high white blood cell count, the extra cells can clog the smallest blood vessels in the brain. This can cause headaches in some people. […] Sometimes you may get aches in your bones. This is because there are leukaemia cells building up in the bone marrow, increasing pressure on nerves and causing pain. […] These symptoms may occur but are usually in the later stages of CML. […] If you have a very high white blood cell count, the extra cells can clog the smallest blood vessels in the eyes. This may cause eye problems. […] Some people get swollen joints due to a build up of body salts in the tissues. […] Doctors call this priapism. It is a rare symptom. Priapism is an erection that won’t go down and can become very painful. It is caused by the abnormally high number of white blood cells in the blood blocking up tiny blood vessels in the penis. […] If you have any of these symptoms you must have them checked by your GP. But remember, they can be caused by other conditions. […] Most people with these symptoms will not have chronic myeloid leukaemia.

• #26 Understanding Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/guide/

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a relatively rare cancer of the blood and bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside bones where new blood cells are made. […] Symptoms of CML are caused by a drop in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The most common ones are: Weakness, Tiredness, Shortness of breath, Night sweats, Weight loss for no obvious reason, Fever, Bone pain, Pain or swelling on the left side of the rib cage (caused by an enlarged spleen). […] CML symptoms often don’t appear early in the disease. Many people don’t realize they have this cancer until it’s discovered accidentally during a physical exam or blood test, according to the Leukemia Lymphoma Society. […] This is when symptoms like fatigue and weight loss appear. The blood samples contain at least 15 percent blasts, platelet counts have dropped, and there are new chromosome changes in the leukemia cells. This phase is harder to treat than the chronic phase. […] In the most advanced phase, bone marrow or blood samples contain more than 20 percent blast cells. These abnormal cells have spread outside of the bones, and symptoms like shortness of breath, bone pain, and night sweats are likely.

• #27 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Some people have sudden onsets of a high temperature (fever) and sweating. This can occur more often at night. […] If you have a very high white blood cell count, the extra cells can clog the smallest blood vessels in the brain. This can cause headaches in some people. […] Sometimes you may get aches in your bones. This is because there are leukaemia cells building up in the bone marrow, increasing pressure on nerves and causing pain. […] These symptoms may occur but are usually in the later stages of CML. […] If you have a very high white blood cell count, the extra cells can clog the smallest blood vessels in the eyes. This may cause eye problems. […] Some people get swollen joints due to a build up of body salts in the tissues. […] Doctors call this priapism. It is a rare symptom. Priapism is an erection that won’t go down and can become very painful. It is caused by the abnormally high number of white blood cells in the blood blocking up tiny blood vessels in the penis. […] If you have any of these symptoms you must have them checked by your GP. But remember, they can be caused by other conditions. […] Most people with these symptoms will not have chronic myeloid leukaemia.

• #28 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Some people have sudden onsets of a high temperature (fever) and sweating. This can occur more often at night. […] If you have a very high white blood cell count, the extra cells can clog the smallest blood vessels in the brain. This can cause headaches in some people. […] Sometimes you may get aches in your bones. This is because there are leukaemia cells building up in the bone marrow, increasing pressure on nerves and causing pain. […] These symptoms may occur but are usually in the later stages of CML. […] If you have a very high white blood cell count, the extra cells can clog the smallest blood vessels in the eyes. This may cause eye problems. […] Some people get swollen joints due to a build up of body salts in the tissues. […] Doctors call this priapism. It is a rare symptom. Priapism is an erection that won’t go down and can become very painful. It is caused by the abnormally high number of white blood cells in the blood blocking up tiny blood vessels in the penis. […] If you have any of these symptoms you must have them checked by your GP. But remember, they can be caused by other conditions. […] Most people with these symptoms will not have chronic myeloid leukaemia.

• #29 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Some people have sudden onsets of a high temperature (fever) and sweating. This can occur more often at night. […] If you have a very high white blood cell count, the extra cells can clog the smallest blood vessels in the brain. This can cause headaches in some people. […] Sometimes you may get aches in your bones. This is because there are leukaemia cells building up in the bone marrow, increasing pressure on nerves and causing pain. […] These symptoms may occur but are usually in the later stages of CML. […] If you have a very high white blood cell count, the extra cells can clog the smallest blood vessels in the eyes. This may cause eye problems. […] Some people get swollen joints due to a build up of body salts in the tissues. […] Doctors call this priapism. It is a rare symptom. Priapism is an erection that won’t go down and can become very painful. It is caused by the abnormally high number of white blood cells in the blood blocking up tiny blood vessels in the penis. […] If you have any of these symptoms you must have them checked by your GP. But remember, they can be caused by other conditions. […] Most people with these symptoms will not have chronic myeloid leukaemia.

• #30 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Some people have sudden onsets of a high temperature (fever) and sweating. This can occur more often at night. […] If you have a very high white blood cell count, the extra cells can clog the smallest blood vessels in the brain. This can cause headaches in some people. […] Sometimes you may get aches in your bones. This is because there are leukaemia cells building up in the bone marrow, increasing pressure on nerves and causing pain. […] These symptoms may occur but are usually in the later stages of CML. […] If you have a very high white blood cell count, the extra cells can clog the smallest blood vessels in the eyes. This may cause eye problems. […] Some people get swollen joints due to a build up of body salts in the tissues. […] Doctors call this priapism. It is a rare symptom. Priapism is an erection that won’t go down and can become very painful. It is caused by the abnormally high number of white blood cells in the blood blocking up tiny blood vessels in the penis. […] If you have any of these symptoms you must have them checked by your GP. But remember, they can be caused by other conditions. […] Most people with these symptoms will not have chronic myeloid leukaemia.

• #31 CML symptoms | Blood Cancer UK

  https://bloodcancer.org.uk/understanding-blood-cancer/leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/cml-symptoms-testing/cml-symptoms/

  If youve been diagnosed with CML, you may have noticed some symptoms before your diagnosis. Its important to remember that not everyone will get all, or even any, of the symptoms listed here. Each person is different and reacts differently. […] Many of the symptoms in the chronic phase are very common and are often caused by other things. They usually develop very slowly and include: tiredness or fatigue (extreme tiredness), loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss, bloating, swelling, general discomfort and sometimes pain around the stomach area (caused by an enlarged spleen), blurred vision, unusual or excessive bleeding, for example from your gums or nose, long-lasting, painful erections (priapism). […] Your symptoms wont normally change much from the chronic phase to the high risk chronic phase, but they may become more obvious and you may also notice bone pain. This is caused by the myeloid blasts starting to overcrowd your bone marrow.

• #32 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Low levels of platelets in the blood can cause bleeding or bruising. You may find that you bruise more easily than usual or with no obvious cause. You may also have bleeding from the gums or nose. More rarely people notice a fine rash of dark red spots (called purpura). […] The spleen is an organ on the left side of your tummy (abdomen), just under your ribs. It can become swollen and larger than normal. This can cause discomfort or pain in your tummy (abdomen). Your doctor may be able to feel your enlarged spleen. […] In CML, abnormal white blood cells can also collect in the lymph glands. This may cause swollen lymph nodes. […] Some people gradually lose their appetite. This can be due to the swollen spleen pressing on the stomach. […] CML can use up energy that your body would otherwise use or store. So you may lose weight, even if you think you are eating normally.

• #33 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cml.html

  Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) happens slowly. At first, a child may have few or no symptoms. Symptoms can take months or even years to start. […] Kids with CML may get anemia, which is when the body has too few red blood cells. It happens when bone marrow stops making the usual amount of red blood cells. […] Kids with anemia may: look pale, feel very tired or weak, get short of breath while playing. […] When they don’t have enough platelets, kids with leukemia may bruise easily, get nosebleeds, or bleed for a long time after even a minor cut. […] Other symptoms of leukemia can include: pain in the bones or joints, sometimes causing a limp, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, groin, or elsewhere, poor appetite and weight loss, fevers, belly pain. […] Because their white blood cells can’t fight infections, kids with leukemia are more likely to get viral or bacterial infections. […] Sometimes leukemia can spread, or metastasize. If it spreads to the brain, symptoms may include headaches, seizures, balance problems, or vision problems. If it spreads to the lymph nodes in the chest, symptoms may include breathing problems and chest pain.

• #34 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Overview | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/c/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml-overview.html

  CML tends to grow slowly. Many people with CML dont have any symptoms when its first found. […] Common symptoms of CML can include: Feeling very tired or weak, Fevers with no clear cause, Night sweats, Frequent infections, Pain or a sense of fullness in the left upper belly (abdomen) from an enlarged spleen, Feeling full after eating only a small amount, Losing weight without trying, Bleeding and bruising easily, Bone or joint pain, Itchy skin, Shortness of breath. […] Many of these may be caused by other more common health problems. But its important to see a healthcare provider if you have these symptoms. Only a healthcare provider can tell if you have cancer.

• #35 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Signs and Symptoms of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/signs-and-symptoms

  People who have chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) may not have any symptoms at first. Often, patients learn they have CML after a routine physical exam or a blood test. CML signs and symptoms tend to develop gradually. Those with symptoms often report experiencing: […] Many signs and symptoms of CML occur because the CML cells crowd out the bone marrows healthy red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. […] Anemia is a lack of red blood cells that can cause weakness, fatigue and shortness of breath. A lack of normal white blood cells can increase the risk of infection, and a lack of platelets can lead to excessive bruising or bleeding. Symptoms may also occur because CML cells accumulate in organs such as the spleen. Some patients may have a high platelet count.

• #36 Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  The symptoms of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are often vague and are more often caused by other things. Overall, the signs and symptoms of leukemia can affect men or women and do not differ by sex or gender. They include: Weakness, Fatigue, Night sweats, Weight loss, Fever, Bone pain (caused by leukemia cells spreading from the marrow cavity to the surface of the bone or into the joint), An enlarged spleen (felt as a mass under the left side of the ribcage), Pain or a sense of „fullness” in the belly, Feeling full after eating even a small amount of food. […] Many of the signs and symptoms of CML occur because the leukemia cells replace the bone marrow’s normal blood-making cells. As a result, people with CML don’t make enough red blood cells, properly functioning white blood cells, and platelets. […] The most common sign of CML is an abnormal white blood cell count.

• #37 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Phases of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/diagnosis/cml-phases-and-prognostic-factors

  CML has three phases. The phase of your chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) plays a large part in determining the type of treatment you’ll receive. Doctors use diagnostic tests to determine the phase of CML. Determining the CML phase is based primarily on the number of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the patients blood and bone marrow. […] Most patients are diagnosed with CML in the with chronic phase of the disease. […] People with chronic phase CML: May or may not have symptoms, Have an increased number of white blood cells, Usually respond well to standard treatment. […] If untreated, chronic phase CML will eventually progress to accelerated phase CML and/or blast phase CML. […] In the accelerated phase, the number of CML cells grow faster and cause symptoms such as fatigue, fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen. […] People who have blast phase CML may have signs and symptoms such as fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, bone pain, enlarged spleen, poor appetite and weight loss, night sweats, bleeding, and/or infections.

• #38 Disease progression of chronic myeloid leukemia | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml/disease-progression

  CML usually progresses slowly. The granulocytes with the BCR-ABL gene (called leukemia cells or CML cells) gradually start building up in the blood and bone marrow. Over time, other genetic changes occur. These changes are called additional chromosome abnormalities (ACAs). They make blast cells reproduce more quickly. As a result, the number of blast cells in the bone marrow increases and they start to appear in large numbers in the blood. These blast cells crowd out the healthy red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. […] As CML progresses, you may have the following symptoms: fatigue that slowly gets worse, pain in your left side near the ribs from a swollen spleen, feeling full after eating a small amount of food (early satiety), which can happen when the spleen is swollen and stops the stomach from expanding when you eat, weight loss, frequent infections, bone pain.

• #39 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Phases of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/diagnosis/cml-phases-and-prognostic-factors

  CML has three phases. The phase of your chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) plays a large part in determining the type of treatment you’ll receive. Doctors use diagnostic tests to determine the phase of CML. Determining the CML phase is based primarily on the number of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the patients blood and bone marrow. […] Most patients are diagnosed with CML in the with chronic phase of the disease. […] People with chronic phase CML: May or may not have symptoms, Have an increased number of white blood cells, Usually respond well to standard treatment. […] If untreated, chronic phase CML will eventually progress to accelerated phase CML and/or blast phase CML. […] In the accelerated phase, the number of CML cells grow faster and cause symptoms such as fatigue, fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen. […] People who have blast phase CML may have signs and symptoms such as fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, bone pain, enlarged spleen, poor appetite and weight loss, night sweats, bleeding, and/or infections.

• #40 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) – Leukaemia Foundation

  https://www.leukaemia.org.au/blood-cancer/types-of-blood-cancer/leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/

  Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. In CML the bone marrow produces too many white cells, called granulocytes. These cells (sometimes called blasts or leukaemic blasts) gradually crowd the bone marrow, interfering with normal blood cell production. They also spill out of the bone marrow and circulate around the body in the bloodstream. Because they are not fully mature, they are unable to work properly to fight infections. Over time, a shortage of red cells and platelets can cause anaemia, bleeding and/or bruising. […] CML usually develops gradually during the early stages of disease, and progresses slowly over weeks or months. It has three phases: chronic phase, accelerated phase, blast phase. […] Most people (more than 90%) are diagnosed in the early chronic phase of CML. Blood counts remain relatively stable and the proportion of blast cells in the bone marrow and blood is low (five per cent or less). Most people are generally well at this stage and have few, if any, troubling symptoms of their disease.

• #41 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Phases of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/diagnosis/cml-phases-and-prognostic-factors

  CML has three phases. The phase of your chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) plays a large part in determining the type of treatment you’ll receive. Doctors use diagnostic tests to determine the phase of CML. Determining the CML phase is based primarily on the number of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the patients blood and bone marrow. […] Most patients are diagnosed with CML in the with chronic phase of the disease. […] People with chronic phase CML: May or may not have symptoms, Have an increased number of white blood cells, Usually respond well to standard treatment. […] If untreated, chronic phase CML will eventually progress to accelerated phase CML and/or blast phase CML. […] In the accelerated phase, the number of CML cells grow faster and cause symptoms such as fatigue, fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen. […] People who have blast phase CML may have signs and symptoms such as fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, bone pain, enlarged spleen, poor appetite and weight loss, night sweats, bleeding, and/or infections.

• #42 Stages (phases) of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/stages

  When your doctors have all your test results, they know how far your chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) has developed. […] Not everyone has symptoms in this phase. If you do have symptoms they might be mild and vague. […] In the accelerated phase, you have more obvious symptoms. You might notice that you: feel more tired than usual, have lost weight, have a swollen tummy (abdomen) or have discomfort to the left of your stomach, under your ribs – this is due to an enlarged spleen. […] You can feel quite unwell and your symptoms could be troublesome. Your spleen is enlarged.

• #43 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia | CML | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of chronic leukemia. „Chronic” means that the leukemia usually gets worse slowly. In CML, the bone marrow makes abnormal granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). These abnormal cells are also called blasts. When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, anemia, and easy bleeding. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body. […] Sometimes CML does not cause symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they can include: Feeling very tired, Weight loss for no known reason, Drenching night sweats, Fever, Pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs on the left side. […] CML has three phases. The phases are based on how much the CML has grown or spread: Chronic phase, where less than 10% of cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells (leukemia cells). Most people are diagnosed in this phase, and many do not have symptoms. Standard treatment usually helps in this phase. Accelerated phase, 10% to 19% of the cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells. In this phase, people often have symptoms and standard treatment may not be as effective as in the chronic phase. Blastic phase, where 20% or more of the cells in the blood or bone marrow are blast cells. The blast cells have spread to other tissues and organs. If you have tiredness, fever, and an enlarged spleen during the blastic phase, it is called a blast crisis. This phase is harder to treat.

• #44 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Phases – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml-phases-34-BCMLD4

  Chronic phase. During this phase, you have fewer than 10% immature white blood cells (blasts) in your blood or bone marrow. Symptoms are mild and get better with standard treatments. Most people diagnosed with CML are in this phase. […] Accelerated phase. During this phase, you have more than 10% but fewer than 20% blasts. Or you have more than 20% of another type of white blood cell called basophils. Or you have a very abnormal platelet count. You may have symptoms such as a fever, low appetite, enlarged spleen, and weight loss. Symptoms and blood counts may not respond as well to treatment. The leukemia cells may have abnormal changes in their chromosomes. […] Blast phase (blast crisis). During this phase, you have more than 20% of the blasts in your blood or bone marrow. These blast cells often spread outside the bone marrow. Blood counts are not normal. You may have symptoms such as tiredness, fever, loss of appetite, bleeding, shortness of breath, and an enlarged spleen. This phase is considered aggressive. This means the cancer is growing quickly.

• #45 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Phases of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/diagnosis/cml-phases-and-prognostic-factors

  CML has three phases. The phase of your chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) plays a large part in determining the type of treatment you’ll receive. Doctors use diagnostic tests to determine the phase of CML. Determining the CML phase is based primarily on the number of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the patients blood and bone marrow. […] Most patients are diagnosed with CML in the with chronic phase of the disease. […] People with chronic phase CML: May or may not have symptoms, Have an increased number of white blood cells, Usually respond well to standard treatment. […] If untreated, chronic phase CML will eventually progress to accelerated phase CML and/or blast phase CML. […] In the accelerated phase, the number of CML cells grow faster and cause symptoms such as fatigue, fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen. […] People who have blast phase CML may have signs and symptoms such as fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, bone pain, enlarged spleen, poor appetite and weight loss, night sweats, bleeding, and/or infections.

• #46 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) – Leukaemia UK

  https://www.leukaemiauk.org.uk/about-leukaemia/types-of-leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/

  Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) symptoms are likely to develop slowly and in many cases patients may not experience any CML symptoms; however, there are some signs you can look out for: Frequent infections, Fatigue and/or looking pale, Unexplained weight loss, Night sweats, Bone pain, Bruising and bleeding easily, Unexplained weight loss. […] If you’re experiencing one or more of these symptoms, it’s very important that you see your GP and ask for a blood test. If your symptoms are a type of leukaemia, early detection can significantly improve the success rate of your treatment and recovery. […] Many patients are diagnosed during the chronic phase. Normally too many granulocytes are being produced. The symptoms can often be vague but may include tiredness, weight loss. The chronic phase is often associated with an increase in number of white blood cells and platelets. Fewer than 10% of the cells in the bone marrow and blood are blast cells.

• #47 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) – Leukaemia Foundation

  https://www.leukaemia.org.au/blood-cancer/types-of-blood-cancer/leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/

  In about 5% of patients, CML progresses from a relatively stable disease into a more rapidly progressing one. This is known as the accelerated phase of CML. During this time a proportion of blast cells may start to increase in your bone marrow and circulating blood. […] Overall for patients with CML, there is generally a less than 5% risk it will transform into a rapidly progressing disease resembling acute leukaemia. This risk is less than 1% in those who have an excellent response to current drug therapy. This is known as the blast phase or blast crisis. […] Because CML develops slowly many people don’t have any symptoms (particularly in the early stages) and the disease is picked up on a routine blood test. […] As the disease progresses, symptoms arise from the increasing number of abnormal blood cells in the bone marrow and blood, and the decreasing number of normal blood cells. Possible symptoms may include: anaemia, due to a lack of red cells and causing persistent tiredness, dizziness, paleness, or shortness of breath when physically active; increased or unexplained bleeding or bruising, due to a very low platelet count; frequent or repeated infections and slow healing, due to a lack of normal white blood cells; pain or discomfort under the ribs on the left side, due to an enlarged spleen; excessive sweating or unintentional weight loss.

• #48 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Phases of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/diagnosis/cml-phases-and-prognostic-factors

  CML has three phases. The phase of your chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) plays a large part in determining the type of treatment you’ll receive. Doctors use diagnostic tests to determine the phase of CML. Determining the CML phase is based primarily on the number of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the patients blood and bone marrow. […] Most patients are diagnosed with CML in the with chronic phase of the disease. […] People with chronic phase CML: May or may not have symptoms, Have an increased number of white blood cells, Usually respond well to standard treatment. […] If untreated, chronic phase CML will eventually progress to accelerated phase CML and/or blast phase CML. […] In the accelerated phase, the number of CML cells grow faster and cause symptoms such as fatigue, fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen. […] People who have blast phase CML may have signs and symptoms such as fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, bone pain, enlarged spleen, poor appetite and weight loss, night sweats, bleeding, and/or infections.

• #49 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Phases of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/diagnosis/cml-phases-and-prognostic-factors

  CML has three phases. The phase of your chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) plays a large part in determining the type of treatment you’ll receive. Doctors use diagnostic tests to determine the phase of CML. Determining the CML phase is based primarily on the number of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the patients blood and bone marrow. […] Most patients are diagnosed with CML in the with chronic phase of the disease. […] People with chronic phase CML: May or may not have symptoms, Have an increased number of white blood cells, Usually respond well to standard treatment. […] If untreated, chronic phase CML will eventually progress to accelerated phase CML and/or blast phase CML. […] In the accelerated phase, the number of CML cells grow faster and cause symptoms such as fatigue, fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen. […] People who have blast phase CML may have signs and symptoms such as fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, bone pain, enlarged spleen, poor appetite and weight loss, night sweats, bleeding, and/or infections.

• #50 Stages (phases) of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/stages

  When your doctors have all your test results, they know how far your chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) has developed. […] Not everyone has symptoms in this phase. If you do have symptoms they might be mild and vague. […] In the accelerated phase, you have more obvious symptoms. You might notice that you: feel more tired than usual, have lost weight, have a swollen tummy (abdomen) or have discomfort to the left of your stomach, under your ribs – this is due to an enlarged spleen. […] You can feel quite unwell and your symptoms could be troublesome. Your spleen is enlarged.

• #51 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia | CML | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of chronic leukemia. „Chronic” means that the leukemia usually gets worse slowly. In CML, the bone marrow makes abnormal granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). These abnormal cells are also called blasts. When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, anemia, and easy bleeding. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body. […] Sometimes CML does not cause symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they can include: Feeling very tired, Weight loss for no known reason, Drenching night sweats, Fever, Pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs on the left side. […] CML has three phases. The phases are based on how much the CML has grown or spread: Chronic phase, where less than 10% of cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells (leukemia cells). Most people are diagnosed in this phase, and many do not have symptoms. Standard treatment usually helps in this phase. Accelerated phase, 10% to 19% of the cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells. In this phase, people often have symptoms and standard treatment may not be as effective as in the chronic phase. Blastic phase, where 20% or more of the cells in the blood or bone marrow are blast cells. The blast cells have spread to other tissues and organs. If you have tiredness, fever, and an enlarged spleen during the blastic phase, it is called a blast crisis. This phase is harder to treat.

• #52 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Phases – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml-phases-34-BCMLD4

  Chronic phase. During this phase, you have fewer than 10% immature white blood cells (blasts) in your blood or bone marrow. Symptoms are mild and get better with standard treatments. Most people diagnosed with CML are in this phase. […] Accelerated phase. During this phase, you have more than 10% but fewer than 20% blasts. Or you have more than 20% of another type of white blood cell called basophils. Or you have a very abnormal platelet count. You may have symptoms such as a fever, low appetite, enlarged spleen, and weight loss. Symptoms and blood counts may not respond as well to treatment. The leukemia cells may have abnormal changes in their chromosomes. […] Blast phase (blast crisis). During this phase, you have more than 20% of the blasts in your blood or bone marrow. These blast cells often spread outside the bone marrow. Blood counts are not normal. You may have symptoms such as tiredness, fever, loss of appetite, bleeding, shortness of breath, and an enlarged spleen. This phase is considered aggressive. This means the cancer is growing quickly.

• #53 Stages (phases) of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/stages

  When your doctors have all your test results, they know how far your chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) has developed. […] Not everyone has symptoms in this phase. If you do have symptoms they might be mild and vague. […] In the accelerated phase, you have more obvious symptoms. You might notice that you: feel more tired than usual, have lost weight, have a swollen tummy (abdomen) or have discomfort to the left of your stomach, under your ribs – this is due to an enlarged spleen. […] You can feel quite unwell and your symptoms could be troublesome. Your spleen is enlarged.

• #54 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) – Leukaemia UK

  https://www.leukaemiauk.org.uk/about-leukaemia/types-of-leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/

  If chronic CML is not treated, CML may progress to the accelerated phase. Symptoms will be more noticeable such as increased fatigue and further weight loss. […] In the blast phase, the leukaemia will become more aggressive and develop quicker. Symptoms may be much more noticeable and affect everyday life, someone with this phase of CML may feel very unwell.

• #55 Stages (phases) of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/stages

  When your doctors have all your test results, they know how far your chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) has developed. […] Not everyone has symptoms in this phase. If you do have symptoms they might be mild and vague. […] In the accelerated phase, you have more obvious symptoms. You might notice that you: feel more tired than usual, have lost weight, have a swollen tummy (abdomen) or have discomfort to the left of your stomach, under your ribs – this is due to an enlarged spleen. […] You can feel quite unwell and your symptoms could be troublesome. Your spleen is enlarged.

• #56 Phases of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html

  Patients in the chronic phase typically have less than 10% blasts in their blood or bone marrow samples. These patients usually have fairly mild symptoms (if any) and usually respond to standard treatments. Most patients are diagnosed in the chronic phase. […] Patients whose CML is in an accelerated phase may have symptoms such as fever, poor appetite, and weight loss. CML in the accelerated phase doesn’t respond as well to treatment as CML in the chronic phase. […] In this phase, the CML acts a lot like an acute leukemia. These patients often have fever, poor appetite, and weight loss.

• #57 Symptoms of CML Getting Worse: Breakdown by Phase

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cml/symptoms-of-cml-getting-worse

  Fatigue, night sweats, and left-sided rib pain may be early symptoms of CML. As the disease progresses, you may experience unintentional weight loss, frequent infections, and bone pain. […] But as CML progresses and blasts appear in your blood or bone marrow samples, you might experience symptoms like fatigue, bone pain, and fever in whats called the chronic phase of CML. […] Symptoms are typically mild in the chronic phase. But they can start to get worse over time without treatment to help slow disease progression. […] Symptoms you’ve experienced in the chronic phase may become more severe in this phase. Other symptoms you might start to notice during the accelerated phase include: more severe or frequent headaches, joint pain, bruising easily, bleeding more easily when you get hurt, more frequent infections, swollen lymph nodes, fever, unintentional weight loss.

• #58 Stages (phases) of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/stages

  When your doctors have all your test results, they know how far your chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) has developed. […] Not everyone has symptoms in this phase. If you do have symptoms they might be mild and vague. […] In the accelerated phase, you have more obvious symptoms. You might notice that you: feel more tired than usual, have lost weight, have a swollen tummy (abdomen) or have discomfort to the left of your stomach, under your ribs – this is due to an enlarged spleen. […] You can feel quite unwell and your symptoms could be troublesome. Your spleen is enlarged.

• #59 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-clinical

  The clinical manifestations of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) are insidious. The disease is often discovered incidentally in the chronic phase, when an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count is revealed by a routine blood count or when an enlarged spleen is found on a general physical examination. […] Nonspecific symptoms of fatigue and weight loss may occur long after the onset of the disease. Loss of energy and decreased exercise tolerance may occur during the chronic phase after several months. […] Patients often have symptoms related to enlargement of the spleen, liver, or both. The large spleen may encroach on the stomach and cause early satiety and decreased food intake. Left upper quadrant abdominal pain described as „gripping” may occur from spleen infarction. The enlarged spleen may also be associated with a hypermetabolic state, fever, weight loss, and chronic fatigue. The enlarged liver may contribute to the patient’s weight loss.

• #60 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-overview

  The following are signs and symptoms of progressive disease: […] Bleeding, petechiae, and ecchymoses during the accelerated phase […] Bone pain and fever in the blast phase […] Increasing anemia, thrombocytopenia, basophilia, and a rapidly enlarging spleen in blast crisis. […] CML progresses through three phases: chronic, accelerated, and blast. In the chronic phase of disease, mature cells proliferate; in the accelerated phase, additional cytogenetic abnormalities occur; in the blast phase, immature cells rapidly proliferate. Over 85% of patients are diagnosed in the chronic phase and then progress to the accelerated and blast phases after 3-5 years. […] Historically, the median survival of patients with CML was 3-5 years from the time of diagnosis. Currently, patients with CML have a median survival of 5 or more years. The 5-year survival rate has more than doubled, from 31% in the early 1990s to 70% for patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2020. The outlook is even more favorable for patients with CML in the chronic phase who receive tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, because these agents often prevent progression to accelerated phase and blast crisis.

• #61 Symptoms of CML Getting Worse: Breakdown by Phase

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cml/symptoms-of-cml-getting-worse

  Fatigue, night sweats, and left-sided rib pain may be early symptoms of CML. As the disease progresses, you may experience unintentional weight loss, frequent infections, and bone pain. […] But as CML progresses and blasts appear in your blood or bone marrow samples, you might experience symptoms like fatigue, bone pain, and fever in whats called the chronic phase of CML. […] Symptoms are typically mild in the chronic phase. But they can start to get worse over time without treatment to help slow disease progression. […] Symptoms you’ve experienced in the chronic phase may become more severe in this phase. Other symptoms you might start to notice during the accelerated phase include: more severe or frequent headaches, joint pain, bruising easily, bleeding more easily when you get hurt, more frequent infections, swollen lymph nodes, fever, unintentional weight loss.

• #62 Symptoms of CML Getting Worse: Breakdown by Phase

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cml/symptoms-of-cml-getting-worse

  Fatigue, night sweats, and left-sided rib pain may be early symptoms of CML. As the disease progresses, you may experience unintentional weight loss, frequent infections, and bone pain. […] But as CML progresses and blasts appear in your blood or bone marrow samples, you might experience symptoms like fatigue, bone pain, and fever in whats called the chronic phase of CML. […] Symptoms are typically mild in the chronic phase. But they can start to get worse over time without treatment to help slow disease progression. […] Symptoms you’ve experienced in the chronic phase may become more severe in this phase. Other symptoms you might start to notice during the accelerated phase include: more severe or frequent headaches, joint pain, bruising easily, bleeding more easily when you get hurt, more frequent infections, swollen lymph nodes, fever, unintentional weight loss.

• #63 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Phases – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml-phases-34-BCMLD4

  Chronic phase. During this phase, you have fewer than 10% immature white blood cells (blasts) in your blood or bone marrow. Symptoms are mild and get better with standard treatments. Most people diagnosed with CML are in this phase. […] Accelerated phase. During this phase, you have more than 10% but fewer than 20% blasts. Or you have more than 20% of another type of white blood cell called basophils. Or you have a very abnormal platelet count. You may have symptoms such as a fever, low appetite, enlarged spleen, and weight loss. Symptoms and blood counts may not respond as well to treatment. The leukemia cells may have abnormal changes in their chromosomes. […] Blast phase (blast crisis). During this phase, you have more than 20% of the blasts in your blood or bone marrow. These blast cells often spread outside the bone marrow. Blood counts are not normal. You may have symptoms such as tiredness, fever, loss of appetite, bleeding, shortness of breath, and an enlarged spleen. This phase is considered aggressive. This means the cancer is growing quickly.

• #64 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml

  CML develops slowly and many people do not have symptoms in the early stages. […] In the early stages of CML, any symptoms are usually mild and develop slowly. They can be confused with the symptoms of more common illnesses, such as flu. […] In a small number of people, the leukaemia may progress from the chronic phase to the accelerated phase. This can happen if the CML does not respond well to treatment. […] In the accelerated phase, there are more blast cells in the blood or bone marrow. You may also develop symptoms such as: tiredness, weight loss, bone pain, sweating and a high temperature at night. […] In some people, CML in the accelerated phase may transform into the blast phase. […] The blast phase is like an acute leukaemia. […] Most people are diagnosed when CML is in the chronic phase.

• #65 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml

  CML develops slowly and many people do not have symptoms in the early stages. […] In the early stages of CML, any symptoms are usually mild and develop slowly. They can be confused with the symptoms of more common illnesses, such as flu. […] In a small number of people, the leukaemia may progress from the chronic phase to the accelerated phase. This can happen if the CML does not respond well to treatment. […] In the accelerated phase, there are more blast cells in the blood or bone marrow. You may also develop symptoms such as: tiredness, weight loss, bone pain, sweating and a high temperature at night. […] In some people, CML in the accelerated phase may transform into the blast phase. […] The blast phase is like an acute leukaemia. […] Most people are diagnosed when CML is in the chronic phase.

• #66 Chronic myelogenous leukemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_myelogenous_leukemia

  Some (10%) are diagnosed during the accelerated stage which most often presents bleeding, petechiae and ecchymosis. In these patients fevers are most commonly the result of opportunistic infections. Some patients are initially diagnosed in the blast phase in which the symptoms are most likely fever, bone pain and an increase in bone marrow fibrosis. […] CML is often divided into three phases based on clinical characteristics and laboratory findings. In the absence of intervention, CML typically begins in the chronic phase, and over the course of several years progresses to an accelerated phase and ultimately to a blast crisis. Approximately 85% of patients with CML are in the chronic phase at the time of diagnosis. During this phase, patients are usually asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms of fatigue, left side pain, joint and/or hip pain, or abdominal fullness. The duration of chronic phase is variable and depends on how early the disease was diagnosed as well as the therapies used. […] The accelerated phase is significant because it signals that the disease is progressing and transformation to blast crisis is imminent. Blast crisis is the final phase in the evolution of CML, and behaves like an acute leukemia, with rapid progression and short survival.

• #67 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia | CML | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of chronic leukemia. „Chronic” means that the leukemia usually gets worse slowly. In CML, the bone marrow makes abnormal granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). These abnormal cells are also called blasts. When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, anemia, and easy bleeding. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body. […] Sometimes CML does not cause symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they can include: Feeling very tired, Weight loss for no known reason, Drenching night sweats, Fever, Pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs on the left side. […] CML has three phases. The phases are based on how much the CML has grown or spread: Chronic phase, where less than 10% of cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells (leukemia cells). Most people are diagnosed in this phase, and many do not have symptoms. Standard treatment usually helps in this phase. Accelerated phase, 10% to 19% of the cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells. In this phase, people often have symptoms and standard treatment may not be as effective as in the chronic phase. Blastic phase, where 20% or more of the cells in the blood or bone marrow are blast cells. The blast cells have spread to other tissues and organs. If you have tiredness, fever, and an enlarged spleen during the blastic phase, it is called a blast crisis. This phase is harder to treat.

• #68 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531459/

  The chronic phase has less than 10% blasts, asymptomatic to mild symptoms, and responds to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines accelerated phase CML as having 1 or more of the following criteria: Persistent or increasing high white blood cell count (greater than 10 x 109/L) unresponsive to therapy, Persistent or increasing splenomegaly unresponsive to therapy, Persistent thrombocytosis (greater than 1000 x 109/L) unresponsive to therapy, Persistent thrombocytopenia (less than 100 x 109/L), Greater than or equal to 20% basophils in peripheral blood, 10% to 19% blasts in peripheral blood or bone marrow (without extramedullary blast proliferation), Additional chromosomal abnormalities in Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells at diagnosis, Any new clonal chromosomal abnormality in Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells during therapy.

• #69 Symptoms of CML Getting Worse: Breakdown by Phase

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cml/symptoms-of-cml-getting-worse

  Many of the symptoms you experience during the accelerated phase become more severe at this stage. Fevers or infections may become especially dangerous or life threatening. […] Some of the severe symptoms of the blast phase may include: bone pain, extreme fatigue, losing an excessive amount of weight. […] CML progresses slowly, but its best to seek treatment as early as possible to slow the growth of blasts in your bone marrow. […] CML may not show symptoms at first, but they can progress and become more severe as CML advances. […] More frequent headaches, infections, and bleeding are common features of the accelerated phase. Symptoms like bone pain, worsening fatigue, and excessive weight loss may suggest progression to the blast phase.

• #70 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21845-chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-cml

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is blood cancer that starts in the blood-forming myeloid cells or stem cells in your bone marrow. […] Many people learn they have CML after routine blood test results show unusual blood cell counts. Prompt treatment keeps CML from getting worse. Without treatment, chronic myeloid leukemia can become a life-threatening illness within three to four years. […] You can have CML without having noticeable symptoms. Chronic myeloid leukemia symptoms are mild and get worse over time. Common CML symptoms may include: Fatigue or weakness. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). Fever. Night sweats. Unexplained weight loss. Abdominal swelling or discomfort in the upper left part of your belly, where you can find your spleen. Feeling full when you haven’t eaten much. […] In blast CML, tests show blasts make up 20% or more of cells in your bone marrow or blood. Most people with blast phase CML have very noticeable symptoms such as extreme fatigue, fever, weight loss and shortness of breath.

• #71 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Phases of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/diagnosis/cml-phases-and-prognostic-factors

  CML has three phases. The phase of your chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) plays a large part in determining the type of treatment you’ll receive. Doctors use diagnostic tests to determine the phase of CML. Determining the CML phase is based primarily on the number of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the patients blood and bone marrow. […] Most patients are diagnosed with CML in the with chronic phase of the disease. […] People with chronic phase CML: May or may not have symptoms, Have an increased number of white blood cells, Usually respond well to standard treatment. […] If untreated, chronic phase CML will eventually progress to accelerated phase CML and/or blast phase CML. […] In the accelerated phase, the number of CML cells grow faster and cause symptoms such as fatigue, fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen. […] People who have blast phase CML may have signs and symptoms such as fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, bone pain, enlarged spleen, poor appetite and weight loss, night sweats, bleeding, and/or infections.

• #72 Symptoms of CML Getting Worse: Breakdown by Phase

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cml/symptoms-of-cml-getting-worse

  Many of the symptoms you experience during the accelerated phase become more severe at this stage. Fevers or infections may become especially dangerous or life threatening. […] Some of the severe symptoms of the blast phase may include: bone pain, extreme fatigue, losing an excessive amount of weight. […] CML progresses slowly, but its best to seek treatment as early as possible to slow the growth of blasts in your bone marrow. […] CML may not show symptoms at first, but they can progress and become more severe as CML advances. […] More frequent headaches, infections, and bleeding are common features of the accelerated phase. Symptoms like bone pain, worsening fatigue, and excessive weight loss may suggest progression to the blast phase.

• #73 Symptoms of CML Getting Worse: Breakdown by Phase

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cml/symptoms-of-cml-getting-worse

  Many of the symptoms you experience during the accelerated phase become more severe at this stage. Fevers or infections may become especially dangerous or life threatening. […] Some of the severe symptoms of the blast phase may include: bone pain, extreme fatigue, losing an excessive amount of weight. […] CML progresses slowly, but its best to seek treatment as early as possible to slow the growth of blasts in your bone marrow. […] CML may not show symptoms at first, but they can progress and become more severe as CML advances. […] More frequent headaches, infections, and bleeding are common features of the accelerated phase. Symptoms like bone pain, worsening fatigue, and excessive weight loss may suggest progression to the blast phase.

• #74 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Phases of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/diagnosis/cml-phases-and-prognostic-factors

  CML has three phases. The phase of your chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) plays a large part in determining the type of treatment you’ll receive. Doctors use diagnostic tests to determine the phase of CML. Determining the CML phase is based primarily on the number of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the patients blood and bone marrow. […] Most patients are diagnosed with CML in the with chronic phase of the disease. […] People with chronic phase CML: May or may not have symptoms, Have an increased number of white blood cells, Usually respond well to standard treatment. […] If untreated, chronic phase CML will eventually progress to accelerated phase CML and/or blast phase CML. […] In the accelerated phase, the number of CML cells grow faster and cause symptoms such as fatigue, fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen. […] People who have blast phase CML may have signs and symptoms such as fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, bone pain, enlarged spleen, poor appetite and weight loss, night sweats, bleeding, and/or infections.

• #75 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Phases of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/diagnosis/cml-phases-and-prognostic-factors

  CML has three phases. The phase of your chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) plays a large part in determining the type of treatment you’ll receive. Doctors use diagnostic tests to determine the phase of CML. Determining the CML phase is based primarily on the number of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the patients blood and bone marrow. […] Most patients are diagnosed with CML in the with chronic phase of the disease. […] People with chronic phase CML: May or may not have symptoms, Have an increased number of white blood cells, Usually respond well to standard treatment. […] If untreated, chronic phase CML will eventually progress to accelerated phase CML and/or blast phase CML. […] In the accelerated phase, the number of CML cells grow faster and cause symptoms such as fatigue, fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen. […] People who have blast phase CML may have signs and symptoms such as fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, bone pain, enlarged spleen, poor appetite and weight loss, night sweats, bleeding, and/or infections.

• #76 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21845-chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-cml

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is blood cancer that starts in the blood-forming myeloid cells or stem cells in your bone marrow. […] Many people learn they have CML after routine blood test results show unusual blood cell counts. Prompt treatment keeps CML from getting worse. Without treatment, chronic myeloid leukemia can become a life-threatening illness within three to four years. […] You can have CML without having noticeable symptoms. Chronic myeloid leukemia symptoms are mild and get worse over time. Common CML symptoms may include: Fatigue or weakness. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). Fever. Night sweats. Unexplained weight loss. Abdominal swelling or discomfort in the upper left part of your belly, where you can find your spleen. Feeling full when you haven’t eaten much. […] In blast CML, tests show blasts make up 20% or more of cells in your bone marrow or blood. Most people with blast phase CML have very noticeable symptoms such as extreme fatigue, fever, weight loss and shortness of breath.

• #77 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Phases of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/diagnosis/cml-phases-and-prognostic-factors

  CML has three phases. The phase of your chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) plays a large part in determining the type of treatment you’ll receive. Doctors use diagnostic tests to determine the phase of CML. Determining the CML phase is based primarily on the number of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the patients blood and bone marrow. […] Most patients are diagnosed with CML in the with chronic phase of the disease. […] People with chronic phase CML: May or may not have symptoms, Have an increased number of white blood cells, Usually respond well to standard treatment. […] If untreated, chronic phase CML will eventually progress to accelerated phase CML and/or blast phase CML. […] In the accelerated phase, the number of CML cells grow faster and cause symptoms such as fatigue, fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen. […] People who have blast phase CML may have signs and symptoms such as fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, bone pain, enlarged spleen, poor appetite and weight loss, night sweats, bleeding, and/or infections.

• #78 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-overview

  The following are signs and symptoms of progressive disease: […] Bleeding, petechiae, and ecchymoses during the accelerated phase […] Bone pain and fever in the blast phase […] Increasing anemia, thrombocytopenia, basophilia, and a rapidly enlarging spleen in blast crisis. […] CML progresses through three phases: chronic, accelerated, and blast. In the chronic phase of disease, mature cells proliferate; in the accelerated phase, additional cytogenetic abnormalities occur; in the blast phase, immature cells rapidly proliferate. Over 85% of patients are diagnosed in the chronic phase and then progress to the accelerated and blast phases after 3-5 years. […] Historically, the median survival of patients with CML was 3-5 years from the time of diagnosis. Currently, patients with CML have a median survival of 5 or more years. The 5-year survival rate has more than doubled, from 31% in the early 1990s to 70% for patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2020. The outlook is even more favorable for patients with CML in the chronic phase who receive tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, because these agents often prevent progression to accelerated phase and blast crisis.

• #79 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) – Blood Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/leukemias/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml

  As the disease progresses to the blast phase, people become sicker because of the inability of the bone marrow to produce enough normal blood cells. Massive enlargement of the spleen is common in the blast phase, as well as fever and weight loss. […] Fever and excessive sweating may indicate infection, which may result from too few normal white blood cells. […] Weakness, fatigue, and paleness, which may result from too few red blood cells (anemia). Some people may have trouble breathing, a rapid heart rate, or chest pain. […] Easy bruising and bleeding, sometimes in the form of nosebleeds or bleeding gums, which may result from too few platelets (thrombocytopenia). In some cases, people may bleed into their brain or abdomen. […] Fever, enlarged lymph nodes, an increase in immature white blood cells, and certain skin rashes are usually signs of advanced disease.

• #80 CML symptoms | Blood Cancer UK

  https://bloodcancer.org.uk/understanding-blood-cancer/leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/cml-symptoms-testing/cml-symptoms/

  In addition to the symptoms already mentioned, people in the blast phase often notice extra symptoms, including: fever, bruising more easily than normal, repeated infections, swollen lymph nodes, headaches (if blast cells are in the fluid around the brain and spinal cord). […] Its important to remember that a lot of the symptoms of CML can be explained by other causes, and having any of these symptoms doesnt necessarily mean you have CML or that it is getting worse. Always mention any new symptoms or changes you notice to your doctor.

• #81 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) – Blood Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/leukemias/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml

  As the disease progresses to the blast phase, people become sicker because of the inability of the bone marrow to produce enough normal blood cells. Massive enlargement of the spleen is common in the blast phase, as well as fever and weight loss. […] Fever and excessive sweating may indicate infection, which may result from too few normal white blood cells. […] Weakness, fatigue, and paleness, which may result from too few red blood cells (anemia). Some people may have trouble breathing, a rapid heart rate, or chest pain. […] Easy bruising and bleeding, sometimes in the form of nosebleeds or bleeding gums, which may result from too few platelets (thrombocytopenia). In some cases, people may bleed into their brain or abdomen. […] Fever, enlarged lymph nodes, an increase in immature white blood cells, and certain skin rashes are usually signs of advanced disease.

• #82 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Phases of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/diagnosis/cml-phases-and-prognostic-factors

  CML has three phases. The phase of your chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) plays a large part in determining the type of treatment you’ll receive. Doctors use diagnostic tests to determine the phase of CML. Determining the CML phase is based primarily on the number of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the patients blood and bone marrow. […] Most patients are diagnosed with CML in the with chronic phase of the disease. […] People with chronic phase CML: May or may not have symptoms, Have an increased number of white blood cells, Usually respond well to standard treatment. […] If untreated, chronic phase CML will eventually progress to accelerated phase CML and/or blast phase CML. […] In the accelerated phase, the number of CML cells grow faster and cause symptoms such as fatigue, fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen. […] People who have blast phase CML may have signs and symptoms such as fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, bone pain, enlarged spleen, poor appetite and weight loss, night sweats, bleeding, and/or infections.

• #83 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia | CML | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of chronic leukemia. „Chronic” means that the leukemia usually gets worse slowly. In CML, the bone marrow makes abnormal granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). These abnormal cells are also called blasts. When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, anemia, and easy bleeding. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body. […] Sometimes CML does not cause symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they can include: Feeling very tired, Weight loss for no known reason, Drenching night sweats, Fever, Pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs on the left side. […] CML has three phases. The phases are based on how much the CML has grown or spread: Chronic phase, where less than 10% of cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells (leukemia cells). Most people are diagnosed in this phase, and many do not have symptoms. Standard treatment usually helps in this phase. Accelerated phase, 10% to 19% of the cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells. In this phase, people often have symptoms and standard treatment may not be as effective as in the chronic phase. Blastic phase, where 20% or more of the cells in the blood or bone marrow are blast cells. The blast cells have spread to other tissues and organs. If you have tiredness, fever, and an enlarged spleen during the blastic phase, it is called a blast crisis. This phase is harder to treat.

• #84 The Progression of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia to Myeloid Sarcoma: A Systematic Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8752390/

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a slow-growing type of cancer that originates in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow and is caused by a chromosomal mutation that is thought to occur spontaneously. […] The presence of CML can impact the central nervous system (CNS) or manifest in the development of myeloid sarcoma (MS). […] The progression of the disease, as mentioned above, often results in a progression from the chronic stage to the accelerated stage and the final blast stage, which results in uncontrolled levels of white cells in the body and the continuation of worsening symptoms. […] The majority of CML patients are identified in the chronic phase, which will advance to the accelerated phase (AP) and, if left untreated, lead to a blast crisis. […] Once the condition has progressed to the blast stage, the risk of the development of MS in patients increases to between 7% and 17%.

• #85 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia | CML | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of chronic leukemia. „Chronic” means that the leukemia usually gets worse slowly. In CML, the bone marrow makes abnormal granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). These abnormal cells are also called blasts. When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, anemia, and easy bleeding. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body. […] Sometimes CML does not cause symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they can include: Feeling very tired, Weight loss for no known reason, Drenching night sweats, Fever, Pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs on the left side. […] CML has three phases. The phases are based on how much the CML has grown or spread: Chronic phase, where less than 10% of cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells (leukemia cells). Most people are diagnosed in this phase, and many do not have symptoms. Standard treatment usually helps in this phase. Accelerated phase, 10% to 19% of the cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells. In this phase, people often have symptoms and standard treatment may not be as effective as in the chronic phase. Blastic phase, where 20% or more of the cells in the blood or bone marrow are blast cells. The blast cells have spread to other tissues and organs. If you have tiredness, fever, and an enlarged spleen during the blastic phase, it is called a blast crisis. This phase is harder to treat.

• #86 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-overview

  In the accelerated phase, survival rates vary widely according to treatment. If the patient responds well to TKIs, rates are nearly as good as for those in the chronic phase. Overall, survival rates for those in the blast crisis phase hover below 20%. The best chance for survival involves using drugs to get the disease back into the chronic phase and then try HSCT. […] Patients who develop blast crisis, which has manifestations similar to those of acute leukemia, have a very poor prognosis. Treatment results are unsatisfactory, and most of these patients succumb to the disease. Survival is 3-6 months.

• #87 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Stages, symptoms, and prognosis

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-stages

  Unlike other types of cancer, doctors use phases rather than stages to describe the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The chronic phase may cause few or no symptoms, while the accelerated and blast phases cause more significant symptoms. If doctors can diagnose and treat CML in the chronic phase, this increases the chance of a better outcome. […] The symptoms a person may experience at this stage include: fever, low appetite, weight loss, anemia, which may cause fatigue, headaches, or weakness. […] In the blast phase, the blood has a blast percentage of 20% or more in the bone marrow or blood. The symptoms are often the same as in the accelerated phase. […] An individual can live with chronic leukemia for a long time before any symptoms arise, and due to advances in treatment, the life expectancy of those with CML is almost equivalent to that of the general population. […] However, left untreated, CML is fatal, with a median survival rate of around 23 years. For this reason, early diagnosis and treatment is critical to a good prognosis. […] While the outlook for CML is favorable, many people must remain on medication for the rest of their lives.

• #88 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21845-chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-cml

  If treatment puts chronic myeloid leukemia into remission, you won’t have symptoms or signs of disease, but you’ll need medication to keep CML in remission. […] Treatment-free remission (TFR) means you don’t have CML symptoms or signs even after you stop taking a TKI. Recent studies show about 40% of people who stop treatment remain in remission for several years. […] Overall, 90% of people with CML are alive five years after diagnosis.

• #89 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-overview

  The following are signs and symptoms of progressive disease: […] Bleeding, petechiae, and ecchymoses during the accelerated phase […] Bone pain and fever in the blast phase […] Increasing anemia, thrombocytopenia, basophilia, and a rapidly enlarging spleen in blast crisis. […] CML progresses through three phases: chronic, accelerated, and blast. In the chronic phase of disease, mature cells proliferate; in the accelerated phase, additional cytogenetic abnormalities occur; in the blast phase, immature cells rapidly proliferate. Over 85% of patients are diagnosed in the chronic phase and then progress to the accelerated and blast phases after 3-5 years. […] Historically, the median survival of patients with CML was 3-5 years from the time of diagnosis. Currently, patients with CML have a median survival of 5 or more years. The 5-year survival rate has more than doubled, from 31% in the early 1990s to 70% for patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2020. The outlook is even more favorable for patients with CML in the chronic phase who receive tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, because these agents often prevent progression to accelerated phase and blast crisis.

• #90 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21845-chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-cml

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is blood cancer that starts in the blood-forming myeloid cells or stem cells in your bone marrow. […] Many people learn they have CML after routine blood test results show unusual blood cell counts. Prompt treatment keeps CML from getting worse. Without treatment, chronic myeloid leukemia can become a life-threatening illness within three to four years. […] You can have CML without having noticeable symptoms. Chronic myeloid leukemia symptoms are mild and get worse over time. Common CML symptoms may include: Fatigue or weakness. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). Fever. Night sweats. Unexplained weight loss. Abdominal swelling or discomfort in the upper left part of your belly, where you can find your spleen. Feeling full when you haven’t eaten much. […] In blast CML, tests show blasts make up 20% or more of cells in your bone marrow or blood. Most people with blast phase CML have very noticeable symptoms such as extreme fatigue, fever, weight loss and shortness of breath.

• #91 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531459/

  Before introducing imatinib, most CML cases progressed to the blast phase, and death occurred in under 5 years. Since tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been the first-line therapy for CML, the 5-year survival has risen from 33% to over 90%. The 10-year survival has risen from 11% to 84%, and complete cytogenetic response occurs in 70% to 90% of patients. Individuals diagnosed with chronic phase CML are expected to reach normal or near-normal life expectancy.

• #92 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; previously called chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, or chronic granulocytic leukemia) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that manifests uncontrolled proliferation of mature and maturing granulocytes in blood and bone marrow. CML is characterized by t(9;22), a reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22, which results in an abnormally short chromosome 22 known as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. The chromosomal translocation generates the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene, which is translated into a constitutively active tyrosine kinase protein. […] Most patients present with chronic phase (CP) CML, which is a relatively indolent disorder of excessive mature and maturing neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, with or without splenomegaly and/or constitutional symptoms. Up to one-half of patients with CP CML are asymptomatic at diagnosis. Infrequently, patients initially present with more aggressive stages of CML called accelerated phase (AP) and/or blast phase (BP). These advanced stages of CML manifest increasingly immature blood cells in blood and bone marrow, worsening symptoms, and additional cytogenetic abnormalities. […] BCR::ABL1 is exquisitely sensitive to BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and they effectively control CML in most patients. TKIs have improved outcomes so that the survival of patients with CML is now comparable to that of the general population.

• #93 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531459/

  Before introducing imatinib, most CML cases progressed to the blast phase, and death occurred in under 5 years. Since tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been the first-line therapy for CML, the 5-year survival has risen from 33% to over 90%. The 10-year survival has risen from 11% to 84%, and complete cytogenetic response occurs in 70% to 90% of patients. Individuals diagnosed with chronic phase CML are expected to reach normal or near-normal life expectancy.

• #94 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-overview

  The following are signs and symptoms of progressive disease: […] Bleeding, petechiae, and ecchymoses during the accelerated phase […] Bone pain and fever in the blast phase […] Increasing anemia, thrombocytopenia, basophilia, and a rapidly enlarging spleen in blast crisis. […] CML progresses through three phases: chronic, accelerated, and blast. In the chronic phase of disease, mature cells proliferate; in the accelerated phase, additional cytogenetic abnormalities occur; in the blast phase, immature cells rapidly proliferate. Over 85% of patients are diagnosed in the chronic phase and then progress to the accelerated and blast phases after 3-5 years. […] Historically, the median survival of patients with CML was 3-5 years from the time of diagnosis. Currently, patients with CML have a median survival of 5 or more years. The 5-year survival rate has more than doubled, from 31% in the early 1990s to 70% for patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2020. The outlook is even more favorable for patients with CML in the chronic phase who receive tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, because these agents often prevent progression to accelerated phase and blast crisis.

• #95 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531459/

  Before introducing imatinib, most CML cases progressed to the blast phase, and death occurred in under 5 years. Since tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been the first-line therapy for CML, the 5-year survival has risen from 33% to over 90%. The 10-year survival has risen from 11% to 84%, and complete cytogenetic response occurs in 70% to 90% of patients. Individuals diagnosed with chronic phase CML are expected to reach normal or near-normal life expectancy.

• #96 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; previously called chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, or chronic granulocytic leukemia) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that manifests uncontrolled proliferation of mature and maturing granulocytes in blood and bone marrow. CML is characterized by t(9;22), a reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22, which results in an abnormally short chromosome 22 known as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. The chromosomal translocation generates the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene, which is translated into a constitutively active tyrosine kinase protein. […] Most patients present with chronic phase (CP) CML, which is a relatively indolent disorder of excessive mature and maturing neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, with or without splenomegaly and/or constitutional symptoms. Up to one-half of patients with CP CML are asymptomatic at diagnosis. Infrequently, patients initially present with more aggressive stages of CML called accelerated phase (AP) and/or blast phase (BP). These advanced stages of CML manifest increasingly immature blood cells in blood and bone marrow, worsening symptoms, and additional cytogenetic abnormalities. […] BCR::ABL1 is exquisitely sensitive to BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and they effectively control CML in most patients. TKIs have improved outcomes so that the survival of patients with CML is now comparable to that of the general population.

• #97 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21845-chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-cml

  If treatment puts chronic myeloid leukemia into remission, you won’t have symptoms or signs of disease, but you’ll need medication to keep CML in remission. […] Treatment-free remission (TFR) means you don’t have CML symptoms or signs even after you stop taking a TKI. Recent studies show about 40% of people who stop treatment remain in remission for several years. […] Overall, 90% of people with CML are alive five years after diagnosis.

• #98 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/symptoms/

  Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) are not always obvious and can be similar to other conditions. […] You may not have any symptoms in the early stages. […] If you do have symptoms, they can include: feeling tired or weak, bleeding or bruising easily or for no reason, looking more pale than usual on brown or black skin this may be easier to see on the palms of your hands or insides of your eyelids, getting ill a lot or taking longer than usual to recover from illnesses, swollen glands, usually in the neck, armpits and groin, aches and pains in your bones, loss of appetite or losing weight without trying, swollen tummy your tummy may feel painful, uncomfortable or full, night sweats, headaches. […] Less common symptoms include: blurred vision, swollen or painful joints, painful erections (priapism), or erections that do not go down. […] Most of these symptoms are common and can be caused by many different conditions. […] Having them does not definitely mean you have CML. But it’s important to get them checked by a GP. […] This is because if they’re caused by leukaemia, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat.

• #99 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Symptoms 

  https://oumedicine.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Conditions/COPD/Tools/85,P00088

  Many people dont have any symptoms when they’re diagnosed with CML. It’s often found when a person has blood tests done for another reason and the tests show too many white blood cells. If CML does cause symptoms, they can include: […] Feeling very tired (fatigue). […] Feeling weak. […] Fevers. […] Night sweats. […] Frequent infections. […] Pain or a sense of fullness in the left upper belly (abdomen), from an enlarged spleen. […] Feeling full after eating only a small amount. […] Weight loss for no known reason. […] Bone or joint pain. […] Many of these symptoms can be caused by other, more common health problems. In fact, most of them are more likely to be caused by something else. But it’s important to see your health care provider if you have these symptoms. Only a provider can tell if you have CML, another type of cancer, or some other health problem that needs to be treated.

• #100 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/symptoms/

  Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) are not always obvious and can be similar to other conditions. […] You may not have any symptoms in the early stages. […] If you do have symptoms, they can include: feeling tired or weak, bleeding or bruising easily or for no reason, looking more pale than usual on brown or black skin this may be easier to see on the palms of your hands or insides of your eyelids, getting ill a lot or taking longer than usual to recover from illnesses, swollen glands, usually in the neck, armpits and groin, aches and pains in your bones, loss of appetite or losing weight without trying, swollen tummy your tummy may feel painful, uncomfortable or full, night sweats, headaches. […] Less common symptoms include: blurred vision, swollen or painful joints, painful erections (priapism), or erections that do not go down. […] Most of these symptoms are common and can be caused by many different conditions. […] Having them does not definitely mean you have CML. But it’s important to get them checked by a GP. […] This is because if they’re caused by leukaemia, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat.

• #101 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Overview | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/c/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml-overview.html

  CML tends to grow slowly. Many people with CML dont have any symptoms when its first found. […] Common symptoms of CML can include: Feeling very tired or weak, Fevers with no clear cause, Night sweats, Frequent infections, Pain or a sense of fullness in the left upper belly (abdomen) from an enlarged spleen, Feeling full after eating only a small amount, Losing weight without trying, Bleeding and bruising easily, Bone or joint pain, Itchy skin, Shortness of breath. […] Many of these may be caused by other more common health problems. But its important to see a healthcare provider if you have these symptoms. Only a healthcare provider can tell if you have cancer.

• #102 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/symptoms/

  Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) are not always obvious and can be similar to other conditions. […] You may not have any symptoms in the early stages. […] If you do have symptoms, they can include: feeling tired or weak, bleeding or bruising easily or for no reason, looking more pale than usual on brown or black skin this may be easier to see on the palms of your hands or insides of your eyelids, getting ill a lot or taking longer than usual to recover from illnesses, swollen glands, usually in the neck, armpits and groin, aches and pains in your bones, loss of appetite or losing weight without trying, swollen tummy your tummy may feel painful, uncomfortable or full, night sweats, headaches. […] Less common symptoms include: blurred vision, swollen or painful joints, painful erections (priapism), or erections that do not go down. […] Most of these symptoms are common and can be caused by many different conditions. […] Having them does not definitely mean you have CML. But it’s important to get them checked by a GP. […] This is because if they’re caused by leukaemia, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat.

• #103 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/symptoms/

  Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) are not always obvious and can be similar to other conditions. […] You may not have any symptoms in the early stages. […] If you do have symptoms, they can include: feeling tired or weak, bleeding or bruising easily or for no reason, looking more pale than usual on brown or black skin this may be easier to see on the palms of your hands or insides of your eyelids, getting ill a lot or taking longer than usual to recover from illnesses, swollen glands, usually in the neck, armpits and groin, aches and pains in your bones, loss of appetite or losing weight without trying, swollen tummy your tummy may feel painful, uncomfortable or full, night sweats, headaches. […] Less common symptoms include: blurred vision, swollen or painful joints, painful erections (priapism), or erections that do not go down. […] Most of these symptoms are common and can be caused by many different conditions. […] Having them does not definitely mean you have CML. But it’s important to get them checked by a GP. […] This is because if they’re caused by leukaemia, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat.

• #104 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/symptoms/

  Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) are not always obvious and can be similar to other conditions. […] You may not have any symptoms in the early stages. […] If you do have symptoms, they can include: feeling tired or weak, bleeding or bruising easily or for no reason, looking more pale than usual on brown or black skin this may be easier to see on the palms of your hands or insides of your eyelids, getting ill a lot or taking longer than usual to recover from illnesses, swollen glands, usually in the neck, armpits and groin, aches and pains in your bones, loss of appetite or losing weight without trying, swollen tummy your tummy may feel painful, uncomfortable or full, night sweats, headaches. […] Less common symptoms include: blurred vision, swollen or painful joints, painful erections (priapism), or erections that do not go down. […] Most of these symptoms are common and can be caused by many different conditions. […] Having them does not definitely mean you have CML. But it’s important to get them checked by a GP. […] This is because if they’re caused by leukaemia, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat.

• #105 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/symptoms/

  Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) are not always obvious and can be similar to other conditions. […] You may not have any symptoms in the early stages. […] If you do have symptoms, they can include: feeling tired or weak, bleeding or bruising easily or for no reason, looking more pale than usual on brown or black skin this may be easier to see on the palms of your hands or insides of your eyelids, getting ill a lot or taking longer than usual to recover from illnesses, swollen glands, usually in the neck, armpits and groin, aches and pains in your bones, loss of appetite or losing weight without trying, swollen tummy your tummy may feel painful, uncomfortable or full, night sweats, headaches. […] Less common symptoms include: blurred vision, swollen or painful joints, painful erections (priapism), or erections that do not go down. […] Most of these symptoms are common and can be caused by many different conditions. […] Having them does not definitely mean you have CML. But it’s important to get them checked by a GP. […] This is because if they’re caused by leukaemia, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat.

• #106 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Symptoms 

  https://oumedicine.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Conditions/COPD/Tools/85,P00088

  Many people dont have any symptoms when they’re diagnosed with CML. It’s often found when a person has blood tests done for another reason and the tests show too many white blood cells. If CML does cause symptoms, they can include: […] Feeling very tired (fatigue). […] Feeling weak. […] Fevers. […] Night sweats. […] Frequent infections. […] Pain or a sense of fullness in the left upper belly (abdomen), from an enlarged spleen. […] Feeling full after eating only a small amount. […] Weight loss for no known reason. […] Bone or joint pain. […] Many of these symptoms can be caused by other, more common health problems. In fact, most of them are more likely to be caused by something else. But it’s important to see your health care provider if you have these symptoms. Only a provider can tell if you have CML, another type of cancer, or some other health problem that needs to be treated.

• #107 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) – Leukaemia UK

  https://www.leukaemiauk.org.uk/about-leukaemia/types-of-leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/

  Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) symptoms are likely to develop slowly and in many cases patients may not experience any CML symptoms; however, there are some signs you can look out for: Frequent infections, Fatigue and/or looking pale, Unexplained weight loss, Night sweats, Bone pain, Bruising and bleeding easily, Unexplained weight loss. […] If you’re experiencing one or more of these symptoms, it’s very important that you see your GP and ask for a blood test. If your symptoms are a type of leukaemia, early detection can significantly improve the success rate of your treatment and recovery. […] Many patients are diagnosed during the chronic phase. Normally too many granulocytes are being produced. The symptoms can often be vague but may include tiredness, weight loss. The chronic phase is often associated with an increase in number of white blood cells and platelets. Fewer than 10% of the cells in the bone marrow and blood are blast cells.

• #108 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) – Leukaemia Foundation

  https://www.leukaemia.org.au/blood-cancer/types-of-blood-cancer/leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/

  Some of the symptoms described above may also be seen in other illnesses, including viral infections. Therefore, most people with these symptoms don’t have leukaemia. However, it is important to see your doctor if you have any unusual symptoms, or symptoms that persist much longer than expected so that you can be examined investigated properly.

• #109 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531459/

  Before introducing imatinib, most CML cases progressed to the blast phase, and death occurred in under 5 years. Since tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been the first-line therapy for CML, the 5-year survival has risen from 33% to over 90%. The 10-year survival has risen from 11% to 84%, and complete cytogenetic response occurs in 70% to 90% of patients. Individuals diagnosed with chronic phase CML are expected to reach normal or near-normal life expectancy.

• #110 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; previously called chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, or chronic granulocytic leukemia) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that manifests uncontrolled proliferation of mature and maturing granulocytes in blood and bone marrow. CML is characterized by t(9;22), a reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22, which results in an abnormally short chromosome 22 known as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. The chromosomal translocation generates the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene, which is translated into a constitutively active tyrosine kinase protein. […] Most patients present with chronic phase (CP) CML, which is a relatively indolent disorder of excessive mature and maturing neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, with or without splenomegaly and/or constitutional symptoms. Up to one-half of patients with CP CML are asymptomatic at diagnosis. Infrequently, patients initially present with more aggressive stages of CML called accelerated phase (AP) and/or blast phase (BP). These advanced stages of CML manifest increasingly immature blood cells in blood and bone marrow, worsening symptoms, and additional cytogenetic abnormalities. […] BCR::ABL1 is exquisitely sensitive to BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and they effectively control CML in most patients. TKIs have improved outcomes so that the survival of patients with CML is now comparable to that of the general population.

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