Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20369452

  A dropped or prolapsed bladder (cystocele) occurs when the bladder bulges into the vaginal space. It results when the muscles and tissues that support the bladder give way. […] Anterior prolapse is treatable. For a mild or moderate prolapse, nonsurgical treatment is often effective. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to keep the vagina and other pelvic organs in their proper positions.

• #1 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystocele/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369457

  Pessaries come in many shapes and sizes. The device fits into the vagina and provides support to vaginal tissues displaced by pelvic organ prolapse. A health care provider can fit a pessary and help provide information about which type would work best. […] Treatment depends on whether you have symptoms, how severe your anterior prolapse is and whether you have any related conditions, such as urinary incontinence or more than one type of pelvic organ prolapse. […] Mild cases those with few or no obvious symptoms typically don’t require treatment. Your provider may recommend a wait-and-see approach, with occasional visits to monitor your prolapse. […] If you do have symptoms of anterior prolapse, first line treatment options include: […] Pelvic floor muscle exercises. These exercises often called Kegel exercises or Kegels help strengthen your pelvic floor muscles, so they can better support your bladder and other pelvic organs. Your provider or a physical therapist can give you instructions for how to do these exercises and can help you determine whether you’re doing them correctly.

• #1 Cystocele (Prolapsed Bladder): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15468-cystocele-fallen-bladder

  A cystocele occurs when the ligaments and muscles that hold up your bladder stretch or weaken. Treatment may include strengthening your pelvic floor muscles or surgery. […] If you have a mild cystocele that doesn’t bother you, you may not need any treatment other than to avoid heavy lifting or straining that could worsen the cystocele. […] Other mild cystocele treatment options include: Maintaining a healthy weight for you, Estrogen replacement therapy, Kegel exercises to strengthen the openings of your urethra, vagina and rectum, A pessary device to help hold your bladder in place. […] Some moderate or severe cystoceles may require surgery if the above options don’t work. […] A moderate or severe cystocele may require an anterior colporrhaphy. An anterior colporrhaphy is a type of reconstructive surgery in which a surgeon moves your bladder back into its normal position and tightens the muscles in the front wall that hold your bladder in place.

• #1

  https://www.kuh.ku.edu.tr/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/anterior-vaginal-prolapse-cystocele

  Anterior prolapse is treatable. For a mild or moderate prolapse, nonsurgical treatment is often effective. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to keep the vagina and other pelvic organs in their proper positions. […] Treatment depends on whether you have symptoms, how severe your anterior prolapse is and whether you have any related conditions, such as urinary incontinence or more than one type of pelvic organ prolapse. […] If you do have symptoms of anterior prolapse, first line treatment options include: […] Pelvic floor muscle exercises. These exercises often called Kegel exercises or Kegels help strengthen your pelvic floor muscles, so they can better support your bladder and other pelvic organs. […] A supportive device (pessary). A vaginal pessary is a plastic or rubber ring inserted into your vagina to support the bladder.

• #1 Information and Treatment for Bladder Prolapse (Cystocele) | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/pelvic-floor-disorders-program/pelvic-floor-disorders/information-and-treatment-1

  Kegel exercises, which help strengthen pelvic floor muscles, may help lessen your symptoms. To do this exercise, you squeeze the muscles you use to control the flow of urine, hold for up to 10 seconds, then release. Aim to do at least three sets of ten repetitions a day for at least eight weeks. […] A cystocele can be managed medically, using: […] Kegel exercises, which help strengthen pelvic floor muscles […] pelvic floor physical therapy […] a pessary (a device inserted to support the bladder) […] estrogen replacement therapy. […] In some cases, surgery is necessary to move the bladder back into a more normal position. There are several approaches and techniques, which a urologist can discuss with you.

• #1

  https://www.hingehealth.com/resources/articles/exercises-for-pelvic-organ-prolapse/

  Pelvic organ prolapse is a type of pelvic floor disorder. The pelvic floor is a group of muscles and tissues that stretch like a hammock from your pubic bone in the front to your tailbone in the back. It helps hold pelvic organs (such as your bladder, uterus, and rectum) in place, and plays a role in bladder control, bowel control, and sexual function. […] Because pelvic floor muscle weakness can contribute to organ prolapse, pelvic organ prolapse exercises and physical therapy is often the first line of treatment. Strengthening pelvic floor muscles can help reduce symptoms of prolapse, such as heaviness in your pelvis or the feeling that something is bulging out of your vagina. Pelvic organ prolapse exercises which strengthen the pelvic floor can also help improve other conditions that can occur along with pelvic organ prolapse, such as urinary incontinence (or leakage) and fecal incontinence.

• #1 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystocele/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369457

  A supportive device (pessary). A vaginal pessary is a plastic or rubber ring inserted into your vagina to support the bladder. A pessary does not fix or cure the actual prolapse, but the extra support the device provides can help relieve symptoms. Your doctor or other care provider fits you for the device and shows you how to clean and reinsert it on your own. Many women use pessaries as a temporary alternative to surgery, and some use them when surgery is too risky. […] If you still have noticeable, uncomfortable symptoms despite the treatment options above, you may need surgery to fix the prolapse. […] Often, the surgery is performed vaginally and involves lifting the prolapsed bladder back into place using stitches and removing any excess vaginal tissue. Your doctor may use a special type of tissue graft to reinforce vaginal tissues and increase support if your vaginal tissues seem very thin.

• #1 Pelvic Organ Prolapse | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0801/p179.html

  Pessaries are devices that are placed in the vagina to restore normal pelvic anatomy and decrease prolapse symptoms. They are primarily made from medical-grade silicone. Two-thirds of patients with pelvic organ prolapse initially choose management with a pessary, and up to 77% will continue pessary use after one year. Pessaries are an option for all stages of prolapse, and they may prevent progression of prolapse and avert or delay the need for surgery. […] The most common complications of pessary use are vaginal discharge, irritation, ulceration, bleeding, pain, and odor. […] Obliterative and reconstructive surgeries for pelvic organ prolapse are available and may include hysterectomy or uterine conservation (hysteropexy). The decision for surgery must include a discussion of a patient’s goals and expectations based on cultural views such as body image and desire for future sexual function, including vaginal intercourse.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/How-is-a-Cystocele-Treated.aspx

  Vaginal pessaries are supportive devices of different shapes and sizes that hold up the pelvic floor from inside the vagina, utilizing the natural elasticity of the vaginal wall. Pessaries are suitable for women who are unwilling to have surgery, have not completed their families, are at high risk for surgery, have a prolapse only of the bladder (cystocele) and/or the uterus, but not of the posterior vaginal wall. […] Surgical techniques for the treatment of a cystocele are aimed at providing proper bladder support and treating the symptoms, without interfering with the normal functions of the vagina. […] Most surgeries for cystocele are performed vaginally, but may involve an incision in the lower abdomen, especially if laparoscopy or mesh insertion is in view. […] The various types of vaginal operations for cystocele depend on the type of prolapse, the symptoms, the age of the patient, any comorbid medical conditions, whether the family is of desired size or not, and whether the patient is sexually active.

• #1 Pelvic Organ Prolapse Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Surgical Management of Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276259-treatment

  An important adjunct is application of topical estrogen prior to pessary use, particularly if signs of hypoestrogenism (atrophic vaginitis) exist. Once the pessary is in place, continued vaginal estrogen cream application (ie, 1-2 times per week) or application of a vaginal estrogen ring once every 3 months is indicated, unless estrogen is contraindicated (ie, estrogen-dependent breast tumors). […] The purpose of anterior vaginal repair, or anterior colporrhaphy, is to plicate the vaginal muscularis fascia overlying the bladder (pubocervical fascia) to diminish the bladder and anterior vaginal protrusion. Anterior colporrhaphy is indicated especially for patients with a central vaginal defect. […] Paravaginal defect repair may be performed laparoscopically, abdominally, or vaginally. In this procedure, the retropubic space of Retzius is entered to reattach the anterolateral vaginal sulcus with its overlying endopelvic fascia to the obturator internus and pubococcygeus muscles and fascia at the level of the arcus tendineus fascia of the pelvis (ATFP) bilaterally, and thus restores the lateral vagina to its normal place of attachment (DeLanceys level II support).

• #1 Pelvic Organ Prolapse » Department of Urology » College of Medicine » University of Florida

  https://urology.ufl.edu/patient-care/female-urology-reconstuctive-surgery/conditions/

  Although POP may be managed conservatively, the mainstay of treatment is surgical. The goals or surgery are the following: the relief of symptoms related to POP; improvement of urinary, bowel, and sexual function; restoration of normal anatomy; long lasting/ durable result. The exact treatment plan will depend on the patient workup results, severity of patient symptoms, and discussion with the treating physician. […] Nonsurgical treatment may include minimizing associated risk factor if possible, pelvic floor exercises, and the use of a pessary. A pessary is an intravaginal device that helps to maintain vaginal support. Pessary use does require a motivated patient. Side effects from pessary use include vaginal infection, vaginal ulceration, new onset urinary symptoms, and discomfort. Estrogen replacement therapy is often used along with the pessary.

• #1 Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/surgery-for-pelvic-organ-prolapse

  What are the types of surgery for pelvic organ prolapse? In general, there are two types of surgery: 1) obliterative surgery and 2) reconstructive surgery. […] How does obliterative surgery treat pelvic organ prolapse? Obliterative surgery narrows or closes off the vagina to provide support for prolapsed organs. Vaginal sex is not possible after this procedure. Obliterative surgery has a high success rate and may be a good choice if you do not plan to have vaginal sex in the future and want an easily done procedure. […] How does reconstructive surgery treat pelvic organ prolapse? The goal of reconstructive surgery is to restore organs to their original position. This is the most common type of pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Some types of reconstructive surgery are done through an incision in the vagina. Others are done through an incision in the abdomen or with laparoscopy. A surgical robot may be used to help with laparoscopy.

• #1 Cystocele – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/cystocele

  Your health care professional may consider surgery to treat a cystocele if nonsurgical treatments dont work or your cystocele is severe. […] The most common surgical procedure to repair a cystocele is anterior vaginal repair, also called anterior colporrhaphy. During this procedure, a surgeon puts the bladder back in its normal position and tightens the muscles and tissues that hold the bladder in place using stiches. […] Another surgical option to treat a cystocele is obliterative surgery, which is a procedure that narrows or closes off all or part of the vagina to provide more support for the bladder.

• #1 Anterior Vaginal Repair – Your Pelvic Floor

  https://www.yourpelvicfloor.org/conditions/anterior-vaginal-repair/

  An anterior vaginal wall repair, also known as an anterior colporrhaphy, is a surgical procedure to repair or reinforce the fascial support layer between the bladder and the vagina. […] The aim of surgery is to relieve the symptoms of vaginal bulge and/or laxity and to possibly or potentially improve bladder function without compromising sexual function. […] The surgery can be performed under general, spinal or even local anesthetic. Your doctor will discuss which is best for you. There are many ways to perform an anterior repair. […] Quoted success rates for anterior vaginal wall repair are 70-90%. There is a chance that the prolapse may come back in the future, or another part of the vagina may prolapse for which you need further surgery. […] With any surgery there is always a small risk of complications.

• #1 Various Approaches and Treatments for Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Women

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6336571/

  Most patients with symptomatic POP undergo a reconstructive procedure. An obliterative procedure is an alternative for those who cannot tolerate extensive surgery, are at old ages, and no longer desire preservation of coital function. […] Hysterectomy can be considered a treatment option for patients with apical prolapse, in particular, in women who desire to eliminate any chance of cervical or intrauterine pathology, do not desire to get pregnant, or do not wish to preserve future fertility. […] Surgical mesh is the standard treatment in abdominal sacral colpopexy or hysteropexy. […] The basic principle of surgery for cystocele is to correct anatomical defects. Surgery is performed through the vagina or abdomen, and laparotomy, laparoscopic, and robotic systems can be applied. […] Cystocele is classified as paravaginal defect (central, displacement), midline defect (central, distention) or transverse defect (apical) depending on whether the pubocervical fascia is separated from the vaginal cuff, separated from the uterosacral ligament, or mixed.

• #1 Various Approaches and Treatments for Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Women

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6336571/

  The success rate of transvaginal paravaginal repair has been reported from 82.5% to 98%. […] Cure rates were reported up to 97%. […] However, recent reports suggest that the recurrence rate of cystocele is 70% after anterior colporrhaphy. […] This procedure is not recommended for correction of lateral defect or stress incontinence. […] Anterior colporrhaphy with paravaginal repair can be performed in the manner described above. […] The purpose of the surgery is to correct the anatomical deficits that cause. […] Anterior repair through the abdomen is also limited in the success of treatment due to the difficulty of approximation of the pubocervical fascia.

• #1 Cystocele Repair: Overview, Technique, Periprocedural Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1848220-overview

  The grafts used for cystocele repair are subclassified according to their materials. These materials include autologous tissue, allografts, xenografts, and synthetic grafts. Varying success rates have been reported for all of these. […] The balance between tissue regrowth and graft dissolution plays a major role in the success of surgical cystocele repair. Synthetic grafts are permanent and, if properly positioned and secured, yield better long-term success rates; however, they are associated with higher risks of infection, extrusion, and erosion. […] Preoperative estrogen therapy has been found to help with intraoperative dissection, promote postoperative healing, and decrease the risk of graft extrusion. […] The 3 basic techniques for cystocele repair are anterior colporrhaphy, anterior colporrhaphy with graft, and paravaginal repair.

• #1 Surgical treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse | Obgyn Key

  https://obgynkey.com/surgical-treatment-of-anterior-vaginal-wall-prolapse-2/

  A prosthetic material can be used to provide support in the anterior vagina. This can be done in a number of ways, and the surgical techniques continue to evolve. Graft materials may include synthetic absorbable grafts (e.g., polyglactin 910 mesh), synthetic permanent meshes (e.g., polypropylene), and biologic materials. In 2010, approximately 25% of surgeries for pelvic organ prolapse in the United States included transvaginal placement of biologic or synthetic mesh. Many surgeons used transvaginal graft placement in an attempt to increase the efficacy and durability of their surgical repair. For anterior prolapse, studies demonstrate improved anatomic outcomes after transvaginal placement of permanent synthetic mesh compared with anterior colporrhaphy without mesh (native-tissue repair). However, this comes at the expense of an increased rate of complications unique to synthetic mesh placement, including vaginal mesh exposure or extrusion, mesh erosion or perforation into an adjacent organ (bladder, urethra, or rectum), and vaginal mesh contraction with associated pain and dyspareunia.

• #1 Cystocele Repair: Overview, Technique, Periprocedural Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1848220-overview

  A biologic or synthetic graft may be used to provide extra support to the weakened tissues. […] The FDA issued a statement that serious complications are not rare with the use of surgical mesh in transvaginal repair of pelvic organ prolapse. […] In 2019, the FDA mandated that all manufacturers of surgical mesh intended for transvaginal repair of anterior compartment prolapse (cystocele) stop selling and distributing their products. […] Vaginal surgery is a clean-contaminated procedure and carries a risk of postoperative infection. Infections may involve the wound or graft or may be systemic. […] Mesh erosion refers to the extrusion of mesh into any part of the urinary tract or vagina. Mesh extrusion is initially managed by the application of local estrogen.

• #1 Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/surgery-for-pelvic-organ-prolapse

  What should I know about surgical mesh? Surgical mesh is used in some types of reconstructive surgery to reinforce or support prolapsed organs. Mesh can be made of animal material or from synthetic materials. There are risks and benefits to using mesh in POP surgery. Talk with your surgeon about the risks and benefits when deciding what type of reconstructive surgery to have. […] What are the types of reconstructive surgery? The types of reconstructive surgery include the following: Fixation or suspension using your own tissues (uterosacral ligament suspension and sacrospinous fixation) Also called „native tissue repair,” this surgery uses your own tissues to treat uterine or vaginal vault prolapse. It is done through an incision in the vagina. The prolapsed part is attached with stitches to a ligament or to a muscle in the pelvis. A procedure to prevent urinary incontinence may be done at the same time.

• #1 Pelvic Organ Prolapse Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Surgical Management of Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276259-treatment

  The success rate of abdominal sacrocolpopexy surgery varies from 88-100% cure of enterocele at the 2 year follow-up. […] The use of augmentation grafts in pelvic reconstructive surgery has revolutionized this operative field. […] Newer techniques may involve the use of synthetic mesh (eg, polypropylene mesh) to strengthen the vaginal repair during anterior colporrhaphy procedures. Success rates range from 75% to 100% at 2-3 years’ follow-up with the use of a synthetic material at the time of anterior vaginal repair.

• #1 Pelvic Organ Prolapse Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Surgical Management of Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276259-treatment

  Vaginal obliterative procedures, partial (LeFort) colpocleisis and total colpocleisis, are indicated for patients who are not able to tolerate general anesthesia or long surgical procedures, and who are not contemplating sexual activity. These procedures may be performed under local analgesia with intravenous sedation or local anesthesia. […] The choice of procedure depends largely on the surgeon’s experience and preference, but other factors to consider are the patient’s general health status, degree and type of pelvic organ prolapse, need for preservation or restoration of coital function, concomitant intrapelvic disease, and desire for preservation of menstrual and reproductive function. […] The success rate of anterior colporrhaphy is operator dependent, and the reported failure rates range from 0-20%.

• #1 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystocele/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369457

  If your anterior prolapse is accompanied by stress incontinence leaking urine during strenuous activity your doctor may also recommend one of a number of procedures to support the urethra (urethral suspension) and ease your incontinence symptoms. […] The benefits of surgery can last for many years, but there’s some risk of prolapse happening again which may mean another surgery at some point.

• #1

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/anterior-vaginal-prolapse-cystocele

  Often, the surgery is performed vaginally and involves lifting the prolapsed bladder back into place using stitches and removing any excess vaginal tissue. […] If you have a prolapsed uterus. For anterior prolapse associated with a prolapsed uterus, your doctor may recommend removing the uterus (hysterectomy) in addition to repairing the damaged pelvic floor muscles, ligaments and other tissues. […] If you have incontinence. If your anterior prolapse is accompanied by stress incontinence leaking urine during strenuous activity your doctor may also recommend one of a number of procedures to support the urethra (urethral suspension) and ease your incontinence symptoms.

• #1 Cystocele (Prolapsed Bladder): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15468-cystocele-fallen-bladder

  Cystocele surgery is usually an outpatient procedure, meaning you can go home the same day you have the surgery. Most people have a complete recovery in a few months. […] For a severe cystocele that requires surgery, you should feel better soon after the surgery. But complete recovery may take a few weeks.

• #1 Prolapse procedures

  https://www.nationalwomenshealth.adhb.govt.nz/our-services/gynaecology/urogynaecology/prolapse-procedures/

  An anterior wall repair strengthens the vaginal wall to support the bladder. Your surgeon: makes a small cut in the front wall of the vagina, uses dissolvable stitches to tighten and reinforce the weakened tissue, closes the incision. […] You will need to stay in hospital for 1 to 2 days. […] The best treatment for prolapse depends on: how severe your symptoms are, whether you plan to have more children, your overall health and medical history, your personal preferences. Your healthcare provider will discuss your options and help you decide which approach is best for you.

• #1 Anterior vaginal wall repair Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/surgery/anterior-vaginal-wall-repair

  Anterior vaginal wall repair is a surgical procedure. This surgery tightens the front (anterior) wall of the vagina. […] This procedure is used to repair sinking or bulging of the anterior vaginal wall. […] This surgery by itself does not treat stress incontinence. Stress incontinence is the leaking of urine when you cough, sneeze, or lift. Surgery to correct stress urinary incontinence may be performed along with other surgeries. […] Before doing this surgery, your health care provider may have you: Learn pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegel exercises) […] You may have a catheter to drain urine for 1 or 2 days after surgery. […] This surgery will very often repair the prolapse and the symptoms will go away. This improvement will often last for years.

• #1 Cystocoele/Anterior Repair | Continence Matters

  https://continencematters.com/surgery-and-procedures/surgery-for-prolapse/cystocoele-anterior-repair

  If you decide to have surgery, you should be aware of the risks: The operation may fail to correct your symptoms, and more surgery may be needed later. […] Surgical repair can also be done through the abdomen with either a cut above the pubic bone or via laparoscopic (key hole) surgery. […] Through a cut in the front wall of the vagina sutures are placed to put the bladder back into a more normal position. […] You can usually return to your normal activities in about 4 to 6 weeks. You should avoid strenuous activity during this time and increase your activity level gradually. Avoid moderate lifting (over 5 kg) for 6 weeks and heavy lifting (over 10kg) for 12 weeks. Avoiding heavy lifting longterm will help prevent prolapse recurrence.

• #1 An operation for anterior vaginal wall prolapse – Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

  https://www.leedsth.nhs.uk/patients/resources/an-operation-for-anterior-vaginal-wall-prolapse/

  This operation has been performed for a long time. […] The benefits are that you are likely to feel more comfortable, intercourse may be more satisfactory and you may empty your bladder more effectively. […] It is recommended that you take a medication to soften your motions for at least three days before the operation. […] The operation can be done with a spinal or general anaesthetic and you may have a choice in this. […] The day after the operation you will be encouraged to get out of bed and take short walks around the ward. […] Mobilisation is very important; using your leg muscles will reduce the risk of clots in the back of the legs (DVT), which can be very dangerous. […] You can start sexual relations whenever you feel comfortable enough after six weeks, so long as you have no blood loss.

• #1 About Your Cystocele Repair and Sling | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/cystocele-repair-and-sling

  Do not lift anything heavier than 10 pounds (4.5 kilograms) for 6 weeks after your surgery. […] Make an appointment to see your healthcare provider 2 weeks after your surgery. […] You’ll get 3 types of medicine after your surgery: An antibiotic. You must follow the instructions on the bottle until all the pills are gone. […] Call your healthcare provider if you: Have a fever of 101 F (38.3 C) or higher. […] Have severe bladder spasms. […] Aren’t able to urinate.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pelvic-organ-prolapse/treatment/

  Occasionally, an operation that closes part or all of the vagina may be an option. […] Your doctor should have an in-depth discussion with you about the risks and benefits of the 4 different types of surgery, including mesh surgery, before you decide together whether one of them could be an option. […] Possible side effects of all 4 types of surgery, including mesh surgery, include: risks associated with anaesthesia, bleeding, which may require a blood transfusion, damage to the surrounding organs, such as your bladder or bowel, an infection you may be given antibiotics to take during and after surgery to reduce the risk, changes to your sex life, such as discomfort during intercourse but this should improve over time, vaginal discharge and bleeding, experiencing more prolapse symptoms, which may require further surgery, a blood clot (DVT) forming in 1 of your veins, such as in your leg you may be given medicine to help reduce this risk after surgery.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/How-is-a-Cystocele-Treated.aspx

  At present, the recurrence of prolapse in women who have undergone surgical repair ranges from 25-30%. The risk of recurrence is higher in those whose etiologic factors remain unchanged, such as overweight or a chronic cough. Identification and proper repair of both lateral and central defects in the vaginal supports are crucial in preventing cystocele recurrence. […] After the surgery, the duration of hospitalization depends on the approach and the woman’s previous health. In general, the patient may go home in a few days. Nevertheless, heavy lifting, severe coughing and sexual intercourse should all be avoided for a couple of months at least.

• #1 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/anterior-vaginal-prolapse-cystocele

  Often, the surgery is performed vaginally and involves lifting the prolapsed bladder back into place using stitches and removing any excess vaginal tissue. […] If you’re pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant, you might need to delay surgery until after you’re done having children. Pelvic floor exercises or a pessary may help relieve your symptoms in the meantime. […] Kegel exercises are exercises you can do at home to strengthen your pelvic floor muscles. A strengthened pelvic floor provides better support for your pelvic organs and relief from symptoms associated with anterior prolapse. […] To help keep an anterior prolapse from progressing, you can also try these lifestyle modifications: […] Make an appointment with your primary care provider or gynecologist if you have signs or symptoms of anterior prolapse that bother you or interfere with your normal activities.

• #1 Anterior and Posterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/pelvic-organ-prolapse-pop/anterior-and-posterior-vaginal-wall-prolapse

  Anterior vaginal wall prolapse can be accompanied by stress urinary incontinence if there is insufficient support of the urethra. Urinary retention may occur if prolapse causes a bladder angle that results in urethral obstruction. […] Treatment of anterior or posterior vaginal wall prolapse is individualized, based on a patient’s symptoms, with the goal of improving quality of life. Asymptomatic prolapse does not require treatment. Treatment may consist of pelvic floor muscle exercises, a pessary, and, if these measures are unsuccessful or if the patient prefers, surgical repair. […] Pelvic floor muscle exercises (eg, Kegel exercises) are usually first-line therapy for stage I or II pelvic organ prolapse. […] Pessaries are devices that are inserted in the vagina to maintain normal anatomy and reduction of the prolapsed structures, resulting in improved objective and subjective benefit. […] Surgical repair can help relieve symptoms that are severe or do not resolve with nonsurgical treatment. The surgical approach used depends on the type of prolapse, symptoms, patient age and comorbidities, patient preference, and the surgeon’s expertise.

• #1 Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/surgery-for-pelvic-organ-prolapse

  What is involved in recovery after surgery to treat pelvic organ prolapse? Recovery time varies depending on the type of surgery. You usually need to take a few weeks off from work. For the first few weeks, you should avoid vigorous exercise, lifting, and straining. You should also avoid sex for several weeks after surgery. It is not known whether anything can be done to keep prolapse from coming back after surgery. Avoiding activities that increase pressure inside the abdomen may be helpful, such as managing your weight, avoiding constipation, and not lifting heavy objects. If you have new symptoms, let your health care professional know.

• #2 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20369433/

  Anterior prolapse is treatable. For a mild or moderate prolapse, nonsurgical treatment is often effective. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to keep the vagina and other pelvic organs in their proper positions. […] Treatment depends on whether you have symptoms, how severe your anterior prolapse is and whether you have any related conditions, such as urinary incontinence or more than one type of pelvic organ prolapse. […] If you do have symptoms of anterior prolapse, first line treatment options include: […] Pelvic floor muscle exercises. These exercises often called Kegel exercises or Kegels help strengthen your pelvic floor muscles, so they can better support your bladder and other pelvic organs. […] A supportive device (pessary). A vaginal pessary is a plastic or rubber ring inserted into your vagina to support the bladder. A pessary does not fix or cure the actual prolapse, but the extra support the device provides can help relieve symptoms.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/How-is-a-Cystocele-Treated.aspx

  A cystocele is often associated with conditions such as stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. These often prevent women from leading active and productive lives. Thus it is important to treat them effectively and restore a high quality of life to the sufferers. […] If the cystocele is of a mild grade and does not produce any troublesome symptoms, many doctors may opt for a watchful approach without any active intervention. During this time, some steps may help to prevent deterioration of the prolapse and may, in fact, alleviate the symptoms. […] Pelvic floor exercises consist simply of contracting and relaxing these muscles several times a minute, for about 15 reps each, as many times a day as is possible. These exercises take a couple of weeks to help build up strength in the pelvic floor, but are often all that are needed in mild cases of cystocele or stress incontinence. They must be continued over the long term.

• #2 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/anterior-vaginal-prolapse-cystocele

  Anterior prolapse is treatable. For a mild or moderate prolapse, nonsurgical treatment is often effective. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to keep the vagina and other pelvic organs in their proper positions. […] If you do have symptoms of anterior prolapse, first line treatment options include: […] Pelvic floor muscle exercises. These exercises often called Kegel exercises or Kegels help strengthen your pelvic floor muscles, so they can better support your bladder and other pelvic organs. […] A supportive device (pessary). A vaginal pessary is a plastic or rubber ring inserted into your vagina to support the bladder. A pessary does not fix or cure the actual prolapse, but the extra support the device provides can help relieve symptoms. […] If you still have noticeable, uncomfortable symptoms despite the treatment options above, you may need surgery to fix the prolapse.

• #2 Pelvic Organ Prolapse | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0801/p179.html

  Women with pelvic organ prolapse may elect for observation, pelvic floor muscle training, pessary use, or surgery. The primary goal of any treatment is to improve symptoms and, for conservative management, to minimize prolapse progression. The choice of treatment is driven by patient preferences; however, patients with symptomatic prolapse should be made aware that pessary use is a viable nonsurgical option. […] Most cases of pelvic organ prolapse do not require treatment; however, women with prolapse beyond the vaginal opening typically desire some intervention. […] Pelvic floor muscle training exercises (Kegel), the systematic contraction of the levator ani muscles, may improve pelvic function. Pelvic floor muscle training has been shown to improve symptoms associated with stress, urge, and mixed urinary incontinence and may result in a small improvement in symptoms in women with mild prolapse. However, it does not reverse or treat pelvic organ prolapse.

• #2 Pelvic floor repair operation – recovering well | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/pelvic-floor-repair-operation-recovering-well/

  An anterior vaginal repair – if the front wall of your vagina has prolapsed […] If you have had an anterior vaginal repair, you may notice a change in the flow of your urine and that passing urine is slower and takes longer. This should settle with time. […] Your pelvic floor muscles span the base of your pelvis. They work to keep your pelvic organs in the correct position (prevent prolapse), tightly close your bladder and bowel (stop urinary or anal incontinence) and improve sexual satisfaction. […] It is important to breathe normally while you are doing pelvic floor muscle exercises. […] You can begin these exercises gently once your catheter has been removed and you are able to pass urine on your own. […] You should do pelvic floor muscle exercises at least three times a day. […] Straining to empty your bowels (constipation) may also weaken your pelvic floor muscles and should be avoided.

• #2

  https://www.hingehealth.com/resources/articles/exercises-for-pelvic-organ-prolapse/

  A pelvic floor physical therapist (PT) can help determine the best exercises and treatment options for you. You can see a PT in person or use a program like Hinge Health to access a PT via a telehealth video visit. Pelvic floor physical therapy is a comprehensive treatment that also includes education and behavioral and lifestyle strategies. […] The short answer: yes, but. Yes: Kegel exercises are certainly effective at reducing pelvic organ prolapse symptoms. But: They’re not the whole story when it comes to effective prolapse treatment. Many other pelvic exercises can help strengthen your pelvic floor muscles and surrounding muscles to better support your pelvic organs. Kegels are just one part of a well-rounded pelvic floor physical therapy program that may include other pelvic and whole-body exercises, relaxation techniques, behavioral training, lifestyle modifications, biofeedback training, and more.

• #2 Practical Use of the Pessary | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0501/p2719.html

  The pessary is most commonly used in the management of pelvic support defects such as cystocele and rectocele. […] A cystocele occurs when the tissues between the bladder and the vagina weaken, leading to a herniation of the bladder. This herniation causes a bulge in the anterior vaginal wall. […] In patients with a mild cystocele, treatment using a ring with support, a dish with support, a Hodge with support or a donut pessary will suffice. To manage a large prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall, the Gellhorn pessary may be the best choice, although insertion and removal can be difficult. Inflatable and cube pessaries are also useful in patients with a larger cystocele. […] If the uterine prolapse is associated with a cystocele, a ring pessary with support is useful. […] A Hodge pessary with or without support, depending on the presence of a cystocele, can also be used. […] An incontinence ring pessary usually helps with stress urinary incontinence, but if the patient has some degree of cystocele, a Hodge with support or a Gehrung pessary may be more effective.

• #2 Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/surgery-for-pelvic-organ-prolapse

  How is pelvic organ prolapse treated? If you have POP symptoms, and they interfere with your normal activities, you may need treatment. Nonsurgical treatment options are usually tried first. If these options do not work and if your symptoms are severe, you may want to consider surgery. […] What are the nonsurgical treatments for pelvic organ prolapse? Often the first nonsurgical option tried is a pessary. This device is inserted into the vagina to support the pelvic organs. There are many types of pessaries available. Your health care professional can help find the right pessary that fits comfortably. Changes in diet and lifestyle may help relieve some symptoms. For example, limiting excessive fluid intake may help with urinary incontinence. Eating more fiber may help with bowel problems. Sometimes a medication that softens stools is prescribed. If you are overweight, it’s possible that weight loss may help improve prolapse symptoms. In some cases, Kegel exercises may be helpful.

• #2 Pelvic Organ Prolapse Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Surgical Management of Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276259-treatment

  Nonsurgical (conservative) management of pelvic organ prolapse is recommended by both the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and should be attempted before surgery is contemplated. Conservative management confers several advantages: it is safe and inexpensive, it is not usually associated with morbidity and mortality, it is minimally invasive, it can lead to a high patient satisfaction, and it may be used for patients awaiting surgery or patients who are not interested in surgical management. Pelvic muscle exercises (PMEs) and vaginal support devices (pessaries) are the main nonsurgical treatments for patients with pelvic organ prolapse. […] Vaginal support devices (pessaries) are manufactured from medical-grade silicone and are safe, cost-effective, and minimally invasive options for treating patients with pelvic organ prolapse. A study of pessary use showed that 75% of urogynecologists used pessaries as first-line therapy for prolapse.

• #2 Cystocele – Alaska Urology

  https://www.alaskaurology.com/womens-health/cystocele/

  For a mild or moderate anterior prolapse, nonsurgical treatment is often effective. […] If self-care measures aren’t effective, anterior prolapse treatment might involve: […] A supportive device (pessary). A vaginal pessary is a plastic or rubber ring inserted into your vagina to support the bladder. […] Estrogen therapy. Your doctor may recommend using estrogen usually a vaginal cream, pill or ring especially if you’ve already experienced menopause. […] If you have noticeable, uncomfortable symptoms, anterior prolapse may require surgery. […] Often, the surgery is performed vaginally and involves lifting the prolapsed bladder back into place, removing extra tissue, and tightening the muscles and ligaments of the pelvic floor. […] If your anterior prolapse is accompanied by stress incontinence involuntary loss of urine during strenuous activity your doctor may recommend one of a number of procedures to support the urethra (urethral suspension) and ease your incontinence symptoms.

• #2 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20369433/

  If you still have noticeable, uncomfortable symptoms despite the treatment options above, you may need surgery to fix the prolapse. […] Often, the surgery is performed vaginally and involves lifting the prolapsed bladder back into place using stitches and removing any excess vaginal tissue. Your doctor may use a special type of tissue graft to reinforce vaginal tissues and increase support if your vaginal tissues seem very thin. […] If your anterior prolapse is accompanied by stress incontinence leaking urine during strenuous activity your doctor may also recommend one of a number of procedures to support the urethra (urethral suspension) and ease your incontinence symptoms.

• #2 Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Types, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24046-pelvic-organ-prolapse

  Nonsurgical treatment focuses on managing your symptoms and improving your quality of life. […] Treatments for pelvic organ prolapse that dont involve surgery include vaginal pessary and pelvic floor exercises (Kegel exercises). […] Surgery may be an option if your symptoms dont improve with conservative treatments or if your provider believes surgery gives you the best quality of life moving forward. […] There are several different methods your surgeon may choose to fix pelvic organ prolapse. Two main types of surgeries are available: obliterative surgery and reconstructive surgery. […] Reconstructive surgery repairs the weak parts of your pelvic floor and moves the organs back to their typical position. […] Its important to discuss all treatment options with your healthcare provider, including whether they recommend surgery or prefer nonsurgical options first. […] Yes, with treatment, it can go away. With mild POP, you can strengthen your muscles so that they hold the organs in their correct locations. Reconstructive surgeries strengthen the weaknesses in your pelvic walls so that your organs return to their original locations.

• #2 Cystocele Repair: Overview, Technique, Periprocedural Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1848220-overview

  Pelvic organ prolapse (POP), including cystocele, is a major health concern, especially in the elderly. In the United States, more than 200,000 operations are performed annually for POP; reoperation rates reach 30%. […] Prolapse repair is indicated for relief of patient symptoms, restoration of the normal anatomy and function of the pelvic structures, prevention of prolapse recurrence, and repair of concomitant intrapelvic defects. It should be offered to all patients who are symptomatic, are good surgical candidates, and are willing to pursue surgical treatment. A cystocele associated with bladder outlet obstruction is also an indication for surgical correction. […] Many surgical procedures have been described for cystocele repair. The surgical approach can be either vaginal or abdominal. The 3 basic techniques for cystocele repair are anterior colporrhaphy, anterior colporrhaphy with graft, and paravaginal repair, of which the first 2 are the most commonly used.

• #2 Surgical treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse | Obgyn Key

  https://obgynkey.com/surgical-treatment-of-anterior-vaginal-wall-prolapse-2/

  The objective of anterior colporrhaphy is to plicate the layers of vaginal muscularis and adventitia overlying the bladder (pubocervical fascia) or to plicate and reattach the paravaginal tissue in such a way as to reduce the protrusion of the bladder and vagina. Modifications of the technique depend on how lateral the dissection is carried, where the plicating sutures are placed, and whether additional layers (natural or synthetic grafts) are placed in the anterior vagina for extra support. […] Antiincontinence operations are often performed at the same time as anterior vaginal prolapse repair to treat coexisting stress incontinence; suburethral bladder neck sling placement may also improve the cure rate of the prolapse. Bladder neck suspension procedures (sling procedures or retropubic colposuspension) treat effectively mild anterior vaginal prolapse associated with urethral hypermobility and stress incontinence. More advanced anterior vaginal prolapse will not be treated adequately, and in these cases anterior colporrhaphy or anterior vaginal mesh repair should be performed, often in conjunction with a colpopexy procedure and a midurethral sling. Surgical judgment is required to perform the bladder plication tightly enough to reduce the anterior vaginal prolapse sufficiently yet preserve some mobility of the anterior vagina. If anterior colporrhaphy is combined with a sling procedure (midurethral or bladder neck), the cystocele should be repaired before the final tension is set for the sling.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/How-is-a-Cystocele-Treated.aspx

  At present, the recurrence of prolapse in women who have undergone surgical repair ranges from 25-30%. The risk of recurrence is higher in those whose etiologic factors remain unchanged, such as overweight or a chronic cough. Identification and proper repair of both lateral and central defects in the vaginal supports are crucial in preventing cystocele recurrence. […] After the surgery, the duration of hospitalization depends on the approach and the woman’s previous health. In general, the patient may go home in a few days. Nevertheless, heavy lifting, severe coughing and sexual intercourse should all be avoided for a couple of months at least.

• #2 Pelvic Organ Prolapse Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Surgical Management of Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276259-treatment

  An important adjunct is application of topical estrogen prior to pessary use, particularly if signs of hypoestrogenism (atrophic vaginitis) exist. Once the pessary is in place, continued vaginal estrogen cream application (ie, 1-2 times per week) or application of a vaginal estrogen ring once every 3 months is indicated, unless estrogen is contraindicated (ie, estrogen-dependent breast tumors). […] The purpose of anterior vaginal repair, or anterior colporrhaphy, is to plicate the vaginal muscularis fascia overlying the bladder (pubocervical fascia) to diminish the bladder and anterior vaginal protrusion. Anterior colporrhaphy is indicated especially for patients with a central vaginal defect. […] Paravaginal defect repair may be performed laparoscopically, abdominally, or vaginally. In this procedure, the retropubic space of Retzius is entered to reattach the anterolateral vaginal sulcus with its overlying endopelvic fascia to the obturator internus and pubococcygeus muscles and fascia at the level of the arcus tendineus fascia of the pelvis (ATFP) bilaterally, and thus restores the lateral vagina to its normal place of attachment (DeLanceys level II support).

• #2 Surgical treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse | Obgyn Key

  https://obgynkey.com/surgical-treatment-of-anterior-vaginal-wall-prolapse-2/

  A prosthetic material can be used to provide support in the anterior vagina. This can be done in a number of ways, and the surgical techniques continue to evolve. Graft materials may include synthetic absorbable grafts (e.g., polyglactin 910 mesh), synthetic permanent meshes (e.g., polypropylene), and biologic materials. In 2010, approximately 25% of surgeries for pelvic organ prolapse in the United States included transvaginal placement of biologic or synthetic mesh. Many surgeons used transvaginal graft placement in an attempt to increase the efficacy and durability of their surgical repair. For anterior prolapse, studies demonstrate improved anatomic outcomes after transvaginal placement of permanent synthetic mesh compared with anterior colporrhaphy without mesh (native-tissue repair). However, this comes at the expense of an increased rate of complications unique to synthetic mesh placement, including vaginal mesh exposure or extrusion, mesh erosion or perforation into an adjacent organ (bladder, urethra, or rectum), and vaginal mesh contraction with associated pain and dyspareunia.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pelvic-organ-prolapse/treatment/

  Occasionally, an operation that closes part or all of the vagina may be an option. […] Your doctor should have an in-depth discussion with you about the risks and benefits of the 4 different types of surgery, including mesh surgery, before you decide together whether one of them could be an option. […] Possible side effects of all 4 types of surgery, including mesh surgery, include: risks associated with anaesthesia, bleeding, which may require a blood transfusion, damage to the surrounding organs, such as your bladder or bowel, an infection you may be given antibiotics to take during and after surgery to reduce the risk, changes to your sex life, such as discomfort during intercourse but this should improve over time, vaginal discharge and bleeding, experiencing more prolapse symptoms, which may require further surgery, a blood clot (DVT) forming in 1 of your veins, such as in your leg you may be given medicine to help reduce this risk after surgery.

• #2 Pelvic Organ Prolapse – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/obgyn/urogynecology/pelvic-organ-prolapse

  Types of minimally invasive surgery for pelvic organ prolapse: […] Sacrocolpopexy repairs vaginal or uterovaginal prolapse by restoring the support of the vagina and reinforcing the repair with a hernia mesh. This is the most durable option for patients with prolapse. […] For women who do not plan to have vaginal intercourse in the future, a colpocleisis has an extremely high success rate and can prevent future pelvic organ prolapse. […] Having minimally invasive surgery for pelvic organ prolapse does not necessarily involve a lengthy recovery.

• #2 Pelvic Organ Prolapse | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0801/p179.html

  Vaginal obliteration (colpocleisis) has the highest cure rate and lowest morbidity of any surgical intervention and is an excellent option for women who do not desire any future vaginal intercourse. For women who prefer to maintain coital function, reconstructive surgery should be performed and the vaginal apex can be suspended using the woman’s own tissues and sutures (native tissue repair), or mesh can be placed abdominally, to suspend the top of the vagina to the sacrum (sacrocolpopexy), or transvaginally (transvaginal mesh).

• #2 Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/surgery-for-pelvic-organ-prolapse

  What are the types of surgery for pelvic organ prolapse? In general, there are two types of surgery: 1) obliterative surgery and 2) reconstructive surgery. […] How does obliterative surgery treat pelvic organ prolapse? Obliterative surgery narrows or closes off the vagina to provide support for prolapsed organs. Vaginal sex is not possible after this procedure. Obliterative surgery has a high success rate and may be a good choice if you do not plan to have vaginal sex in the future and want an easily done procedure. […] How does reconstructive surgery treat pelvic organ prolapse? The goal of reconstructive surgery is to restore organs to their original position. This is the most common type of pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Some types of reconstructive surgery are done through an incision in the vagina. Others are done through an incision in the abdomen or with laparoscopy. A surgical robot may be used to help with laparoscopy.

• #2

  https://www.kuh.ku.edu.tr/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/anterior-vaginal-prolapse-cystocele

  If you still have noticeable, uncomfortable symptoms despite the treatment options above, you may need surgery to fix the prolapse. […] Often, the surgery is performed vaginally and involves lifting the prolapsed bladder back into place using stitches and removing any excess vaginal tissue. […] If your anterior prolapse is accompanied by stress incontinence leaking urine during strenuous activity your doctor may also recommend one of a number of procedures to support the urethra (urethral suspension) and ease your incontinence symptoms.

• #2

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/pelvic-organ-prolapse/treatment/

  If non-surgical options have not worked or the prolapse is more severe, surgery may be an option. […] Surgical repair involves lifting and supporting the pelvic organs. This could be by stitching them into place or supporting the existing tissues to make them stronger. […] If you have a prolapsed womb, your doctor may recommend removing your womb (hysterectomy). This is only recommended if you’ve been through menopause or are not planning to have children. […] An operation that closes part or all your vagina (colpocleisis) may be an option. […] Your surgeon will explain the risks of your surgery in more detail, but possible side effects include: damage to the surrounding organs, such as your bladder or bowel, changes to your sex life, such as discomfort during sex – but this should improve over time, vaginal discharge and bleeding, more prolapse symptoms, which may need further surgery, menopausal symptoms if your ovaries are removed.

• #2 Pelvic floor repair operation – recovering well | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/pelvic-floor-repair-operation-recovering-well/

  If you suffer from constipation or find the pelvic floor muscle exercises difficult, you may benefit from seeing a specialist womens health physiotherapist. […] Enhanced recovery programmes help patients get better more quickly after major surgery. […] It takes time for your body to heal and for you to get fit and well again after a pelvic floor repair operation. […] You may need to take laxatives to avoid straining and constipation. […] If you do have problems opening your bowels, it may help to place a small footstool under your feet when you are sitting on the toilet so that your knees are higher than your hips. […] You should usually allow four to six weeks after your operation to allow your scars to heal. It is then safe to have sex – as long as you feel comfortable.

• #2 Cystocoele/Anterior Repair | Continence Matters

  https://continencematters.com/surgery-and-procedures/surgery-for-prolapse/cystocoele-anterior-repair

  If you decide to have surgery, you should be aware of the risks: The operation may fail to correct your symptoms, and more surgery may be needed later. […] Surgical repair can also be done through the abdomen with either a cut above the pubic bone or via laparoscopic (key hole) surgery. […] Through a cut in the front wall of the vagina sutures are placed to put the bladder back into a more normal position. […] You can usually return to your normal activities in about 4 to 6 weeks. You should avoid strenuous activity during this time and increase your activity level gradually. Avoid moderate lifting (over 5 kg) for 6 weeks and heavy lifting (over 10kg) for 12 weeks. Avoiding heavy lifting longterm will help prevent prolapse recurrence.

• #2 About Your Cystocele Repair and Sling | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/cystocele-repair-and-sling

  Do not lift anything heavier than 10 pounds (4.5 kilograms) for 6 weeks after your surgery. […] Make an appointment to see your healthcare provider 2 weeks after your surgery. […] You’ll get 3 types of medicine after your surgery: An antibiotic. You must follow the instructions on the bottle until all the pills are gone. […] Call your healthcare provider if you: Have a fever of 101 F (38.3 C) or higher. […] Have severe bladder spasms. […] Aren’t able to urinate.

• #2 About Your Cystocele Repair and Sling | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/cystocele-repair-and-sling

  A cystocele can be caused by: […] Treatment for a cystocele includes cystocele repair surgery, surgery to place a urethral sling, or both. […] A cystocele repair is a surgery to put your bladder back in its normal place. Your surgeon will fix the wall between your bladder and vagina. This will keep your bladder from moving again. […] A urethral sling is a piece of mesh that holds your urethra in its correct position. […] If you’re having cystocele repair surgery and getting a sling, your surgeon will place the sling during your surgery. […] Most people who have cystocele repair surgery do not have problems after their surgery. […] The cystocele may come back with time. […] You can shower 48 hours (2 days) after your surgery. […] Do not have sex or put anything in your vagina for 6 weeks after your surgery.

• #2 Pelvic organ prolapse | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/pelvic-organ-prolapse/

  Surgery to treat urinary incontinence may occasionally be carried out at the same time as surgery for prolapse. […] No surgery can be guaranteed to permanently cure your prolapse, but most offer a good chance of improving your symptoms. […] Approximately 25-30 in 100 women having surgery for prolapse will develop another prolapse in the future.

• #2 Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/womens-health/genitourinary-prolapse-leaflet

  You may need to stay in hospital for a few days after your operation. Full recovery may take up to 6-8 weeks and your surgeon should give you a fit note if needed, to cover the entire duration that you will need to be off work. […] In 2020, Baroness Cumberledge published a report which looked at three areas where there was concern that patients might have been harmed. One of these was the use of pelvic mesh in surgery for prolapse. […] All women who have surgery for pelvic organ prolapse should be recorded in a national registry which is being kept so that we can be alerted to complications earlier in the future than has happened in the past. […] The outlook is best for younger women who are of a normal weight and are in good health. The outlook is worst for older women, those in poor physical health and those who are overweight. […] Regular pelvic floor exercises, especially if you are planning to become pregnant, are pregnant, or have given birth. […] If you are overweight, try to lose weight. […] Avoid occupations that involve heavy lifting.

• #2 Various Approaches and Treatments for Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Women

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6336571/

  Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is bulging of one or more of the pelvic organs into the vagina and triggered by multiple causes. […] Management of POP is carried out when protrusion, urinary, bowel, or sexual dysfunction and other symptoms are associated with POP. Patients with asymptomatic POP usually do not require treatment. Conservative or surgical management is performed in symptomatic patients, and treatment choices depend on patient’s preferences. […] A pessary is a device that is placed into the vagina to help relieve prolapse by supporting the pelvic organs and easing pressure on the bowel, and pessaries come in varying shapes and sizes. […] Surgical management is performed in cases of failure of conservative management and patient choice. A variety of surgical options have been introduced to choose from depending on the use of graft and a vaginal or abdominal approach.

• #2 Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery: What to Expect

  https://www.femalepelvicsolutions.com/prolapse/how-surgical-options-for-prolapse-work/

  Yes, pelvic organ prolapse can be treated successfully. […] There are many different treatment options available for pelvic organ prolapse. It is important to discuss your individual situation with a pelvic floor specialist who will discuss what options may be appropriate for your specific situation. […] There are both non-surgical and surgical treatment options. The non-surgical options may include lifestyle changes, Kegel exercises, or vaginal pessaries (a removable device). […] Every patient’s recovery time is different. It is generally recommended that physical strain, sexual intercourse and heavy lifting should be avoided for six weeks after surgery, but the patient may resume other normal activities after two weeks or at the surgeon’s discretion. However, each patient and surgery is different. Your doctor will be able to provide you with your own individual recovery plan.

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