Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20369452

  A dropped or prolapsed bladder (cystocele) occurs when the bladder bulges into the vaginal space. It results when the muscles and tissues that support the bladder give way. […] Anterior prolapse is treatable. For a mild or moderate prolapse, nonsurgical treatment is often effective. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to keep the vagina and other pelvic organs in their proper positions. […] A prolapsed bladder can be uncomfortable, but it is rarely painful. It can make emptying your bladder difficult, which may lead to bladder infections. Make an appointment with your health care provider if you have any signs or symptoms that bother you or impact your daily activities. […] Your pelvic floor consists of muscles, ligaments and connective tissues that support your bladder and other pelvic organs. The connections between your pelvic organs and ligaments can weaken over time, or as a result of trauma from childbirth or chronic straining. When this happens, your bladder can slip down lower than usual and bulge into your vagina (anterior prolapse).

• #1 Cystocele (Prolapsed Bladder): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15468-cystocele-fallen-bladder

  A cystocele occurs when the ligaments and muscles that hold up your bladder stretch or weaken. Treatment may include strengthening your pelvic floor muscles or surgery. […] A cystocele is a type of pelvic organ prolapse that allows your vaginal wall and bladder to bulge into your vagina. […] A cystocele can affect anyone with a vagina of any age. However, you’re more likely to have a cystocele as you age and your pelvic floor muscles weaken. […] A moderate or severe cystocele may require an anterior colporrhaphy. An anterior colporrhaphy is a type of reconstructive surgery in which a surgeon moves your bladder back into its normal position and tightens the muscles in the front wall that hold your bladder in place. […] If you have a cystocele, you should avoid heavy lifting or any activities that put pressure on your pelvic floor muscles.

• #1 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20369452

  Causes of stress to the pelvic floor include: Pregnancy and vaginal childbirth, Being overweight or obese, Repeated heavy lifting, Straining with bowel movements, A chronic cough or bronchitis. […] These factors may increase your risk of anterior prolapse: Pregnancy and childbirth, Aging, Hysterectomy, Genetics, Obesity. […] Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) care at Mayo Clinic.

• #1 Cystocele – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/cystocele

  A cystocele is a condition in which supportive tissues around the bladder and vaginal wall weaken and stretch, allowing the bladder and vaginal wall to fall into the vaginal canal. […] A cystocele is the most common type of pelvic organ prolapse. […] Health care professionals usually rank a cystocele using a grading or staging system. […] A cystocele may put pressure on or lead to a kink in the urethra and cause urinary retention, a condition in which you are unable to empty all the urine from your bladder. […] Many women with cystoceles have no symptoms. […] If you have a cystocele with symptoms, your health care professional may recommend nonsurgical treatment or surgery, depending on the severity of the cystocele, your age, other health problems, sexual activity, desire for future children, and personal preferences.

• #1 Urology & Continence Care Today | May 2025

  https://www.ucc-today.com/journals/issue/launch-edition/article/pelvic-organ-prolapse-and-female-urinary-incontinence-assessment-ucct

  It is essential that the assessor is aware of the red flags so that appropriate onward referral can be instigated. […] The vagina should be assessed for prolapse both anterior and posterior wall prolapse and uterine prolapse. […] Women with a large anterior vaginal wall prolapse will often complain about a feeling of not emptying their bladder fully. […] Thorough assessment of symptoms of POP and urinary incontinence is essential to ensure that the correct diagnosis is made, and appropriate treatment pathways are started, or referral made to secondary care.

• #1 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystocele/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369457

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele)-related health concerns […] Treatment depends on whether you have symptoms, how severe your anterior prolapse is and whether you have any related conditions, such as urinary incontinence or more than one type of pelvic organ prolapse. […] If you do have symptoms of anterior prolapse, first line treatment options include: […] Pelvic floor muscle exercises. These exercises often called Kegel exercises or Kegels help strengthen your pelvic floor muscles, so they can better support your bladder and other pelvic organs. […] A supportive device (pessary). A vaginal pessary is a plastic or rubber ring inserted into your vagina to support the bladder. […] If you still have noticeable, uncomfortable symptoms despite the treatment options above, you may need surgery to fix the prolapse.

• #1 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystocele/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369457

  Kegel exercises are exercises you can do at home to strengthen your pelvic floor muscles. A strengthened pelvic floor provides better support for your pelvic organs and relief from symptoms associated with anterior prolapse. […] To help keep an anterior prolapse from progressing, you can also try these lifestyle modifications: […] Make an appointment with your primary care provider or gynecologist if you have signs or symptoms of anterior prolapse that bother you or interfere with your normal activities.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/How-is-a-Cystocele-Treated.aspx

  A cystocele is often associated with conditions such as stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. These often prevent women from leading active and productive lives. Thus it is important to treat them effectively and restore a high quality of life to the sufferers. […] If the cystocele is of a mild grade and does not produce any troublesome symptoms, many doctors may opt for a watchful approach without any active intervention. […] First and foremost, modifications of lifestyle that include changes in ones daily routine are undertaken, such as: Losing weight if the patient is overweight or obese, as the excessive kilograms put added strain on the pelvic supports of the uterus and the urinary bladder, especially in the upright position. […] Pelvic floor exercises consist simply of contracting and relaxing these muscles several times a minute, for about 15 reps each, as many times a day as is possible.

• #1 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20369433/

  If you still have noticeable, uncomfortable symptoms despite the treatment options above, you may need surgery to fix the prolapse. […] Pessaries come in many shapes and sizes. The device fits into the vagina and provides support to vaginal tissues displaced by pelvic organ prolapse. A health care provider can fit a pessary and help provide information about which type would work best. […] Kegel exercises are exercises you can do at home to strengthen your pelvic floor muscles. A strengthened pelvic floor provides better support for your pelvic organs and relief from symptoms associated with anterior prolapse. […] Make an appointment with your primary care provider or gynecologist if you have signs or symptoms of anterior prolapse that bother you or interfere with your normal activities.

• #1 Pelvic Organ Prolapse | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0801/p179.html

  More than 85% of patients who choose treatment with a pessary are successfully fit with one. […] Patients should return one to two weeks after their pessary fitting to assess satisfaction with the device and symptom improvement. […] The most common complications of pessary use are vaginal discharge, irritation, ulceration, bleeding, pain, and odor. […] Primary care physicians should feel comfortable with screening for prolapse, performing a basic evaluation, and, depending on training, pessary management. […] Women who require more advanced evaluation and treatment should be referred to a gynecologic subspecialist with board certification in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery.

• #1 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/anterior-vaginal-prolapse-cystocele

  To help keep an anterior prolapse from progressing, you can also try these lifestyle modifications: Treat and prevent constipation. High-fiber foods can help. […] Make an appointment with your primary care provider or gynecologist if you have signs or symptoms of anterior prolapse that bother you or interfere with your normal activities.

• #1 Bladder prolapse (cystocele) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bladder-prolapse

  Oestrogen cream can make your vagina less dry and improve the tissue quality of the vaginal wall. This can be helpful if you have had repeated urinary tract infections. […] You might choose to have surgery if your symptoms are severe and other options have not worked. […] If you have urinary incontinence, talk to your doctor or a nurse continence specialist.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw12334

  Cystocele (bladder prolapse) occurs when the bladder moves from its normal position and presses against the front wall of the vagina. This is also called anterior vaginal wall prolapse. […] A cystocele usually does not cause serious health problems. But it can be painful or uncomfortable. You may find relief by making lifestyle changes and doing exercises to make the pelvic muscles stronger. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if you are having problems. […] Try pelvic floor (Kegel) exercises. These tighten and strengthen pelvic muscles. […] Ask your doctor about a vaginal pessary. You can place this in your vagina. It supports the bladder. Your doctor can teach you how and when to remove, clean, and reinsert it. […] If your doctor prescribes vaginal estrogen cream, use it exactly as prescribed.

• #1 Anterior Vaginal Repair – Your Pelvic Floor

  https://www.yourpelvicfloor.org/conditions/anterior-vaginal-repair/

  An anterior vaginal wall repair, also known as an anterior colporrhaphy, is a surgical procedure to repair or reinforce the fascial support layer between the bladder and the vagina. […] The aim of surgery is to relieve the symptoms of vaginal bulge and/or laxity and to possibly or potentially improve bladder function without compromising sexual function. […] After the operation you may have a drip to give you fluids and may have a catheter in your bladder. […] Quoted success rates for anterior vaginal wall repair are 70-90%. […] With any surgery there is always a small risk of complications. […] Damage to the bladder or ureters during surgery is an uncommon complication which can be repaired during surgery. […] After a large anterior vaginal wall repair some women may develop stress urinary incontinence due to the unkinking of the urethra (tube from the bladder). […] In the early post-operative period, you should avoid situations where excessive pressure is placed on the repair, i.e., lifting, straining, vigorous exercise, coughing, and constipation.

• #1 Pelvic organ prolapse in women: Surgical repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pelvic-organ-prolapse-in-women-surgical-repair-of-anterior-vaginal-wall-prolapse

  Anterior vaginal wall prolapse describes support abnormalities of the anterior wall of the vagina. Prolapse of the anterior wall typically coexists with prolapse at other anatomic sites (vaginal apex, posterior vaginal wall) [1-3]. The prevailing view is that a common pathogenesis underlies support defects at different sites of the vaginal wall, replacing a previous focus on isolated anatomic compartments. Procedures for surgical repair of anterior vaginal wall defects should include repair of apical prolapse, if present [4]. […] Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) affects millions of women; approximately 200,000 inpatient surgical procedures for prolapse are performed annually in the United States [5,6]. Eleven to 19 percent of women will undergo surgery for prolapse or urinary incontinence by age 80 to 85 years, and 30 percent of these women will require an additional prolapse or incontinence surgery [7].

• #1 Pelvic floor repair operation – recovering well | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/pelvic-floor-repair-operation-recovering-well/

  An anterior vaginal repair – if the front wall of your vagina has prolapsed […] If you have had an anterior vaginal repair, you may notice a change in the flow of your urine and that passing urine is slower and takes longer. This should settle with time. […] Your pelvic floor muscles span the base of your pelvis. They work to keep your pelvic organs in the correct position (prevent prolapse), tightly close your bladder and bowel (stop urinary or anal incontinence) and improve sexual satisfaction. […] It is important for you to get these muscles working properly after your operation, even if you have stitches. […] You can begin these exercises gently once your catheter has been removed and you are able to pass urine on your own. […] You should do pelvic floor muscle exercises at least three times a day.

• #1 About Your Cystocele Repair and Sling | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/cystocele-repair-and-sling

  Make an appointment to see your healthcare provider 2 weeks after your surgery. […] You’ll get 3 types of medicine after your surgery: An antibiotic. You must follow the instructions on the bottle until all the pills are gone. Medicine to relieve pain after surgery. A stool softener to keep your bowel movements (poop) soft. Stop taking it if you have diarrhea (loose or watery bowel movements).

• #1 About Your Cystocele Repair and Sling | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/cystocele-repair-and-sling

  If you’re having cystocele repair surgery and getting a sling, your surgeon will place the sling during your surgery. Some people get a sling without having cystocele repair surgery. Your healthcare provider will talk with you about what would work best for you. […] You’ll have a gauze dressing in your vagina to help stop bleeding. A catheter will drain urine from your bladder while the area heals. A member of your care team will take these out the day after your surgery before you leave the hospital. […] You can shower 48 hours (2 days) after your surgery. Do not take tub baths, swim, or sit in a pool or hot tub. Ask your healthcare provider when it is safe to do these things. […] Do not have sex or put anything in your vagina for 6 weeks after your surgery. This includes tampons. […] Do not lift anything heavier than 10 pounds (4.5 kilograms) for 6 weeks after your surgery. Avoid high-energy exercise for 3 months after your surgery. This includes running or jogging, bike riding, and heavy lifting.

• #1 Pelvic organ prolapse | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/pelvic-organ-prolapse/

  Surgery for prolapse is usually performed through the vagina but may involve keyhole surgery or a cut in your abdomen (tummy). […] Possible types of surgery include: Pelvic floor repair to treat the vaginal bulge. This is where the walls of your vagina are repaired to support the pelvic organs. […] Vaginal hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) is sometimes performed for uterine prolapse. […] Sacrocolpopexy uses a mesh (synthetic net-like fabric or natural tissue) to attach the top of your vagina (vault) to the bottom of your spine (sacrum). […] Surgery to treat urinary incontinence may occasionally be carried out at the same time as surgery for prolapse. […] No surgery can be guaranteed to permanently cure your prolapse, but most offer a good chance of improving your symptoms. […] Approximately 2530 in 100 women having surgery for prolapse will develop another prolapse in the future.

• #1 Cystocele Repair | Melbourne Bladder Clinic

  https://bladderclinic.com.au/procedures/female-pelvic-medicine/cystocele-repair

  A cystocele is a type of pelvic organ prolapse. When there is a weakness in the front wall of the vagina, the bladder can prolapse into the vagina. This is called a cystocele. […] Anterior vaginal wall prolapse (cystocele) that is bothersome or starting to cause complications. […] Most patients stay in the hospital for 1 to 2 days. The vaginal pack is removed on day 1. Patients are encouraged to mobilise. The catheter is removed on either day 1 or 2, depending on your pain level and mobility. If the patient is voiding satisfactorily, she can then go home. […] After the surgery, patients are advised not to do heavy lifting or strenuous activities for 6 weeks. You can do light duties at home including walking up 1-2 flights of stairs, going for short walks, and going to the shops in the first few weeks. Slowly increase your activity level as you become more comfortable. […] No sexual intercourse for 6 weeks as the vaginal wound needs time to heal. […] You should attend your post-op appointment so your doctor can check for any complications.

• #1 Pelvic floor repair operation – recovering well | RCOG

  https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/browse-our-patient-information/pelvic-floor-repair-operation-recovering-well/

  Straining to empty your bowels (constipation) may also weaken your pelvic floor muscles and should be avoided. […] If you do have problems opening your bowels, it may help to place a small footstool under your feet when you are sitting on the toilet so that your knees are higher than your hips. […] Your individual needs will be considered and you will not be discharged from hospital until you are ready. […] You may experience more tiredness than normal after any operation, so your return to work should be like your return to physical activity, with a gradual increase in the hours and activities at work.

• #1 Cystocele: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.cystocele-care-instructions.tw12334

  Ask your doctor about a vaginal pessary. You can place this in your vagina. It supports the bladder. Your doctor can teach you how and when to remove, clean, and reinsert it. […] Take care of your mental health, and get support if you need it. Having bladder prolapse can affect many aspects of your life, including your mental health. Talk to your doctor if you are feeling sad or anxious and it is not getting better. Support can also come from a counselor, support group, or trusted friend or family member.

• #1 Cystocoele/Anterior Repair | Continence Matters

  https://continencematters.com/surgery-and-procedures/surgery-for-prolapse/cystocoele-anterior-repair/

  This can be done through the vagina. It may also be combined with other prolapse repair or stress incontinence surgery. […] Early results are good with about 90% success but your bladder prolapse may recur. […] If you decide to have surgery, you should be aware of the risks: The operation may fail to correct your symptoms, and more surgery may be needed later. […] The usual hospital stay is usually 2 days. […] It is usual following surgery to have some spotting, bleeding or discharge from the vagina. […] You can usually return to your normal activities in about 4 to 6 weeks. […] You can control many of the activities that caused your cystocoele or made it worse. After surgery it is important to avoid smoking, maintain a healthy weight for your height, avoid constipation, and avoid activities that put strain on the lower pelvic muscles (such as heavy lifting or long periods of standing). You should continue with your pelvic floor exercises for life.

• #1 Anterior AND/OR Posterior Vaginal Repair (Colporrhaphy) –

  https://urogynaecology.com.au/anterior-and-or-posterior-vaginal-repair-colporrhaphy-with-mesh-overlay/

  Anterior repair: treatment for prolapse of bladder (bladder bulges forward into the vagina; cystocele) or urethra. […] Permanent mesh reinforces the repair and is anchored through the obturator foramen and exits through small incisions at both sides of your upper inner thigh. […] You should avoid situations where excessive pressure is placed on the repair ie lifting, straining, coughing and constipation. […] Avoiding heavy lifting (15kg), weight gain and smoking can minimize failure of the procedure in the long term.

• #1 Pelvic organ prolapse | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive/pelvic-organ-prolapse/

  anterior prolapse (cystocele) where the bladder bulges into the front wall of the vagina […] In mild cases of prolapse, your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes. For example, regular pelvic floor exercises and maintaining a healthy weight. […] A vaginal pessary is a device inserted into your vagina, which holds your vaginal walls in place and so pushes the prolapse back. […] If you have a pessary and experience any of these symptoms, speak to your healthcare professional. They can usually be treated. […] Depending on your circumstances and how severe your symptoms are, your doctor may discuss with you whether a surgery might be helpful.

• #1 Urology & Continence Care Today | May 2025

  https://www.ucc-today.com/journals/issue/launch-edition/article/pelvic-organ-prolapse-and-female-urinary-incontinence-assessment-ucct

  Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) has been defined by Haylen et al (2016) as the descent of one or more of the anterior vaginal wall, posterior vaginal wall, the uterus (cervix) or the apex of the vagina (vaginal vault or cuff scar after hysterectomy). The most common type of prolapse is found in the anterior vaginal wall (cystocele) […] The skill of the person assessing the patient is vital, as getting as much accurate information as possible during the consultation helps the correct diagnosis and treatment plan to be made. […] Before any examination, it is essential that the assessing practitioner gains and documents consent. […] Accurate and thorough documentation of information obtained or seen during assessment will inform colleagues about what has been discussed and enable appropriate review to be undertaken from the baseline assessment.

• #2 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20369433/

  Anterior vaginal prolapse, also known as a cystocele (SIS-toe-seel) or a prolapsed bladder, is when the bladder drops from its usual position in the pelvis and pushes on the wall of the vagina. […] Anterior prolapse is treatable. For a mild or moderate prolapse, nonsurgical treatment is often effective. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to keep the vagina and other pelvic organs in their proper positions. […] A prolapsed bladder can be uncomfortable, but it is rarely painful. It can make emptying your bladder difficult, which may lead to bladder infections. Make an appointment with your health care provider if you have any signs or symptoms that bother you or impact your daily activities. […] Treatment depends on whether you have symptoms, how severe your anterior prolapse is and whether you have any related conditions, such as urinary incontinence or more than one type of pelvic organ prolapse.

• #2 Pelvic Organ Prolapse Treatment | Northeast Georgia Physicians Group

  https://www.ngpg.org/obgyn/gynecologic-surgery/pelvic-organ-prolapse

  Pelvic organ prolapse is a pelvic floor disorder that occurs when the muscles and tissues surrounding and supporting organs in the pelvis loosen or weaken. […] Cystocele, also called anterior vaginal wall prolapse, occurs when muscles above the vagina weaken and cause the bladder to slip out of place and bulge onto the vagina. […] Cystocele, sometimes called “dropped bladder,” is the most common type of pelvic organ prolapse. […] Exercises that strengthen the pelvic floor, also known as Kegel exercises, can help rebuild the pelvic muscles, including the bladder and vagina, and may slow the progression of prolapse. […] A pessary is a small device that is inserted into the vagina to support the pelvic muscles. These devices often alleviate bulging symptoms and urine leakage. […] During this procedure, a urogynecologist accesses the body through the vagina and reinforces the vaginal wall with dissolvable sutures. These sutures support the bladder and rectum, treating vaginal wall prolapse. […] When you’re experiencing pelvic organ prolapse, you deserve the care of a team of experts. That’s what you’ll find at NGPG Urogynecology, where we have unique expertise in treating conditions affecting female pelvic health.

• #2 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/anterior-vaginal-prolapse-cystocele

  Anterior vaginal prolapse, also known as a cystocele (SIS-toe-seel) or a prolapsed bladder, is when the bladder drops from its usual position in the pelvis and pushes on the wall of the vagina. […] Anterior prolapse is treatable. For a mild or moderate prolapse, nonsurgical treatment is often effective. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to keep the vagina and other pelvic organs in their proper positions. […] A prolapsed bladder can be uncomfortable, but it is rarely painful. It can make emptying your bladder difficult, which may lead to bladder infections. Make an appointment with your health care provider if you have any signs or symptoms that bother you or impact your daily activities. […] Treatment depends on whether you have symptoms, how severe your anterior prolapse is and whether you have any related conditions, such as urinary incontinence or more than one type of pelvic organ prolapse.

• #2 Urology & Continence Care Today | May 2025

  https://www.ucc-today.com/journals/issue/launch-edition/article/pelvic-organ-prolapse-and-female-urinary-incontinence-assessment-ucct

  It is essential that the assessor is aware of the red flags so that appropriate onward referral can be instigated. […] The vagina should be assessed for prolapse both anterior and posterior wall prolapse and uterine prolapse. […] Women with a large anterior vaginal wall prolapse will often complain about a feeling of not emptying their bladder fully. […] Thorough assessment of symptoms of POP and urinary incontinence is essential to ensure that the correct diagnosis is made, and appropriate treatment pathways are started, or referral made to secondary care.

• #2 Cystocele Repair (bladder lift) – The Center for Specialized Women’s Health – Denville, NJ

  https://specializedwomenshealth.com/services/cystocele-repair-bladder-lift/

  Cystocele occurs when the bladder falls from its normal anatomic position and bulges through the vaginal canal. Symptoms of a cystocele include feeling pelvic pressure, a vaginal bulge, trouble emptying the bladder, or frequent urinary tract infections. […] Vaginal prolapse procedures are either performed on an outpatient basis, or typically with a stay of 23 hours in the hospital or in an ambulatory surgical center. […] Following your surgery, your vagina may be packed for a short time with a gauze roll to act as a bandage to prevent bleeding. You may have a catheter exiting from the urethra for a short period of time. […] You should not lift anything heavy (more than 5 to 10lbs) for 4-6 weeks following these procedures. Additionally, you should refrain from sexual activity for 4-6 weeks. Your doctor will instruct you when it is safe to resume your usual activities.

• #2 Bladder Prolapse (Cystocele) – Midwest Center for Pelvic Health

  https://www.midwestpelvis.com/bladder-prolapse-cystocele/

  Cystocele is one of the most common forms of pelvic organ prolapse. […] The diagnosis of cystocele is made with the help of a pelvic exam by a trained physician or other medical provider. […] Common patient goals include: Improved sexual function, Ability to exercise or enjoy specific activities, Sitting comfortably, Decreased urinary symptoms (like urinary incontinence), Improved function of pelvic organs (bladder bowels). […] Because bladder prolapse is not dangerous. The treatments for them are largely guided by patient goals and desires. […] Because, in most cases, cystocele is not harmful or dangerous in most cases, treatments are targeted towards relief of patients symptoms and the specific goals of the patient given her anatomy. […] Treatments may include: Expectant management, Training of pelvic floor muscles, Pessaries, Surgery.

• #2 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20369433

  Anterior vaginal prolapse, also known as a cystocele (SIS-toe-seel) or a prolapsed bladder, is when the bladder drops from its usual position in the pelvis and pushes on the wall of the vagina. […] Anterior prolapse is treatable. For a mild or moderate prolapse, nonsurgical treatment is often effective. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to keep the vagina and other pelvic organs in their proper positions. […] If you do have symptoms of anterior prolapse, first line treatment options include: […] Pelvic floor muscle exercises. These exercises often called Kegel exercises or Kegels help strengthen your pelvic floor muscles, so they can better support your bladder and other pelvic organs. […] A supportive device (pessary). A vaginal pessary is a plastic or rubber ring inserted into your vagina to support the bladder.

• #2 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/anterior-vaginal-prolapse-cystocele

  If you do have symptoms of anterior prolapse, first line treatment options include: Pelvic floor muscle exercises. These exercises often called Kegel exercises or Kegels help strengthen your pelvic floor muscles, so they can better support your bladder and other pelvic organs. […] A supportive device (pessary). A vaginal pessary is a plastic or rubber ring inserted into your vagina to support the bladder. A pessary does not fix or cure the actual prolapse, but the extra support the device provides can help relieve symptoms. […] If you still have noticeable, uncomfortable symptoms despite the treatment options above, you may need surgery to fix the prolapse. […] Kegel exercises are exercises you can do at home to strengthen your pelvic floor muscles. A strengthened pelvic floor provides better support for your pelvic organs and relief from symptoms associated with anterior prolapse.

• #2 Can Pelvic Organ Prolapse Be Reversed – Dr Ng Kai Lyn | Female Gynaecologist | Laparoscopy Specialist Singapore

  https://drngkailyn.com/can-pelvic-organ-prolapse-be-reversed/

  Pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegels): Kegel exercises can help with pelvic organ prolapse by strengthening the muscles, including the pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, and puborectalis muscles. These muscles are crucial in maintaining pelvic organ support and preventing prolapse. Regularly contracting and relaxing these muscles can strengthen them over time. Stronger pelvic floor muscles provide better support for the pelvic organs, helping to prevent or alleviate symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse. […] […] Pessaries: a vaginal pessary is a medical device that is inserted into the vagina to help provide mechanical support to the prolapsed pelvic organs. By holding these organs in their anatomical/proper position, pessaries can help alleviate the symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse and aid the pelvic organs in carrying out their normal functions. […]

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/How-is-a-Cystocele-Treated.aspx

  These exercises take a couple of weeks to help build up strength in the pelvic floor, but are often all that are needed in mild cases of cystocele or stress incontinence. […] Vaginal pessaries are supportive devices of different shapes and sizes that hold up the pelvic floor from inside the vagina, utilizing the natural elasticity of the vaginal wall. […] The correct pessary size should be selected, usually by trial and error. Regular and thorough removal and cleaning of the pessary, as well as checking of the vaginal vault and walls for infection or trauma, are also important parts of pessary use. […] Surgical techniques for the treatment of a cystocele are aimed at providing proper bladder support and treating the symptoms, without interfering with the normal functions of the vagina.

• #2 Pelvic Organ Prolapse | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0801/p179.html

  Pelvic organ prolapse is the descent of one or more of the anterior vaginal wall, posterior vaginal wall, the uterus (cervix), or the apex of the vagina (vaginal vault or cuff scar after hysterectomy). […] Most women can be successfully fit with a vaginal pessary. […] Most women should be offered a pessary as first-line treatment for pelvic organ prolapse. […] Pessaries are devices that are placed in the vagina to restore normal pelvic anatomy and decrease prolapse symptoms. […] Two-thirds of patients with pelvic organ prolapse initially choose management with a pessary, and up to 77% will continue pessary use after one year. […] Pessaries are an option for all stages of prolapse, and they may prevent progression of prolapse and avert or delay the need for surgery. […] Use of a pessary may be limited in patients with dementia or pelvic pain.

• #2 Cystocele (Prolapsed Bladder) – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact Nu

  https://www.pacehospital.com/cystocele-prolapsed-bladder-symptoms-causes-prevention-and-treatment

  Cystocele treatment involves various modalities depending on the grade of the cystocele, including lifestyle modifications, pelvic floor exercises (Kegel exercises), vaginal pessaries, hormone replacement therapy, and surgical interventions such as anterior colporrhaphy (anterior vaginal repair) and sacrocolpopexy (sacral colpopexy). […] Bladder prolapse, or cystocele, is a disorder that has a substantial impact on quality of life. However, knowing and applying preventive techniques can play an important role in reducing its recurrence. Individuals who focus on preventive measures may lower their risk of developing cystocele and preserve better pelvic health. […] Indulging in pelvic floor exercises, such as Kegels, can help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles and nerves, thereby controlling bladder prolapse symptoms and preventing them from worsening.

• #2 Cystocele (Prolapsed Bladder) – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact Nu

  https://www.pacehospital.com/cystocele-prolapsed-bladder-symptoms-causes-prevention-and-treatment

  Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial as being overweight causes pressure on the pelvic region. […] Avoiding heavy lifting and lifting correctly is important to prevent damage to the pelvic floor’s muscles and connective tissues that support the bladder, uterus, and intestines. […] Preventing and treating constipation is essential, as it can result in pelvic organ prolapse and can also be a symptom caused due to bladder prolapse. […] Controlling chronic cough is necessary since coughing can cause the pelvic floor to shift downward, stretching the pelvic floor tissues.

• #2 Pelvic organ prolapse – WikEM

  https://wikem.org/wiki/Pelvic_organ_prolapse

  Cystocele […] Most common form of pelvic organ prolapse […] Hernia of anterior vaginal wall + descent of bladder […] For urethral prolapse: […] Topical estrogen twice daily (0.01%) […] Sitz baths […] Consult urology if concern for necrosis of tissue […] Treatment includes: […] Conservative (vaginal pessary, pelvic floor muscle exercises) […] Estrogen creams and Sitz baths (Urethral Prolapse).

• #2 Anterior vaginal prolapse (cystocele) | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/anterior-vaginal-prolapse-cystocele/

  If you still have noticeable, uncomfortable symptoms despite the treatment options above, you may need surgery to fix the prolapse. […] Kegel exercises are exercises you can do at home to strengthen your pelvic floor muscles. A strengthened pelvic floor provides better support for your pelvic organs and relief from symptoms associated with anterior prolapse. […] Make an appointment with your primary care provider or gynecologist if you have signs or symptoms of anterior prolapse that bother you or interfere with your normal activities.

• #2 Cystocele – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/cystocele

  Your health care professional may suggest pelvic floor exercises. […] A pessary is a small silicone device that is inserted into the vagina to support the vaginal wall and hold your bladder in place. […] The most common surgical procedure to repair a cystocele is anterior vaginal repair, also called anterior colporrhaphy. […] Your health care professional may perform a procedure to treat or prevent urinary incontinence at the same time as the surgery to repair the cystocele. […] Usually a cystocele cannot be prevented, but you can take steps to relieve your symptoms and help prevent your cystocele from getting worse. […] Strong pelvic floor muscles help hold the pelvic organs in place. […] Being overweight puts pressure on your pelvis. […] When lifting heavy objects, use your legs instead of your waist or back. […] Get treatment for a chronic cough or bronchitis and avoid smoking.

• #2 About Your Cystocele Repair and Sling | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/cystocele-repair-and-sling

  If you’re having cystocele repair surgery and getting a sling, your surgeon will place the sling during your surgery. Some people get a sling without having cystocele repair surgery. Your healthcare provider will talk with you about what would work best for you. […] You’ll have a gauze dressing in your vagina to help stop bleeding. A catheter will drain urine from your bladder while the area heals. A member of your care team will take these out the day after your surgery before you leave the hospital. […] You can shower 48 hours (2 days) after your surgery. Do not take tub baths, swim, or sit in a pool or hot tub. Ask your healthcare provider when it is safe to do these things. […] Do not have sex or put anything in your vagina for 6 weeks after your surgery. This includes tampons. […] Do not lift anything heavier than 10 pounds (4.5 kilograms) for 6 weeks after your surgery. Avoid high-energy exercise for 3 months after your surgery. This includes running or jogging, bike riding, and heavy lifting.

• #2 About Your Cystocele Repair and Sling | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/cystocele-repair-and-sling

  Make an appointment to see your healthcare provider 2 weeks after your surgery. […] You’ll get 3 types of medicine after your surgery: An antibiotic. You must follow the instructions on the bottle until all the pills are gone. Medicine to relieve pain after surgery. A stool softener to keep your bowel movements (poop) soft. Stop taking it if you have diarrhea (loose or watery bowel movements).

• #2 Cystocoele/Anterior Repair | Continence Matters

  https://continencematters.com/surgery-and-procedures/surgery-for-prolapse/cystocoele-anterior-repair/

  This can be done through the vagina. It may also be combined with other prolapse repair or stress incontinence surgery. […] Early results are good with about 90% success but your bladder prolapse may recur. […] If you decide to have surgery, you should be aware of the risks: The operation may fail to correct your symptoms, and more surgery may be needed later. […] The usual hospital stay is usually 2 days. […] It is usual following surgery to have some spotting, bleeding or discharge from the vagina. […] You can usually return to your normal activities in about 4 to 6 weeks. […] You can control many of the activities that caused your cystocoele or made it worse. After surgery it is important to avoid smoking, maintain a healthy weight for your height, avoid constipation, and avoid activities that put strain on the lower pelvic muscles (such as heavy lifting or long periods of standing). You should continue with your pelvic floor exercises for life.

• #2 Cystocele: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.cystocele-care-instructions.tw12334

  Cystocele (bladder prolapse) occurs when the bladder moves from its normal position and presses against the front wall of the vagina. This is also called anterior vaginal wall prolapse. […] A cystocele usually does not cause serious health problems. But it can be painful or uncomfortable. You may find relief by making lifestyle changes and doing exercises to make the pelvic muscles stronger. Or your doctor may suggest a pessary to help with symptoms. Surgery may also be an option. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Try pelvic floor (Kegel) exercises. These tighten and strengthen pelvic muscles. (If doing these exercises causes pain, stop doing them and talk with your doctor.)

• #2 Tips & Tricks in Common Surgeries: Cystocele

  https://www.iuga.org/spotlight-v16-3/tips-tricks-in-common-surgeries-cystocele

  The initial step is to involve the patient in the decision-making process and let them explain their expectations from the surgery. The final outcome of surgery and possible complications are also explained to the patient. Proper pre-operative measures are taken, including control of any co-morbidities, antibiotic prophylaxis, thromboprophylaxis if necessary, and in post-menopausal women, application of oestrogen. The surgical site should be exposed properly through proper positioning (lithotomy) and use of appropriate retractors. Ensure adequate lighting. Catheterize the bladder. […] Post-operatively, a urethral catheter can be removed after 24 hours and then post void residual (PVR) urine is measured. If significant PVR on two occasions, reinsert catheter and allow the patient to be discharged home. Consider TWO after 48 hours by a district nurse. Local policies and guidelines regarding PVR management should be followed. […] Though there is no restriction for mobilization, the patient should be advised to not lift any weight greater than 5 lbs and to avoid sexual intercourse for one to one and a half months. The patient may resume normal work after 4-6 weeks.

• #2 Anterior AND/OR Posterior Vaginal Repair (Colporrhaphy) –

  https://urogynaecology.com.au/anterior-and-or-posterior-vaginal-repair-colporrhaphy-with-mesh-overlay/

  Anterior repair: treatment for prolapse of bladder (bladder bulges forward into the vagina; cystocele) or urethra. […] Permanent mesh reinforces the repair and is anchored through the obturator foramen and exits through small incisions at both sides of your upper inner thigh. […] You should avoid situations where excessive pressure is placed on the repair ie lifting, straining, coughing and constipation. […] Avoiding heavy lifting (15kg), weight gain and smoking can minimize failure of the procedure in the long term.

• #3 Cystocele Repair | Melbourne Bladder Clinic

  https://bladderclinic.com.au/procedures/female-pelvic-medicine/cystocele-repair

  A cystocele is a type of pelvic organ prolapse. When there is a weakness in the front wall of the vagina, the bladder can prolapse into the vagina. This is called a cystocele. […] Anterior vaginal wall prolapse (cystocele) that is bothersome or starting to cause complications. […] Most patients stay in the hospital for 1 to 2 days. The vaginal pack is removed on day 1. Patients are encouraged to mobilise. The catheter is removed on either day 1 or 2, depending on your pain level and mobility. If the patient is voiding satisfactorily, she can then go home. […] After the surgery, patients are advised not to do heavy lifting or strenuous activities for 6 weeks. You can do light duties at home including walking up 1-2 flights of stairs, going for short walks, and going to the shops in the first few weeks. Slowly increase your activity level as you become more comfortable. […] No sexual intercourse for 6 weeks as the vaginal wound needs time to heal. […] You should attend your post-op appointment so your doctor can check for any complications.

• #3 Vaginal Hysterectomy for Uterine Prolapse and Vaginal Repair – Milton Keynes University Hospital

  https://www.mkuh.nhs.uk/patient-information-leaflet/vaginal-hysterectomy-for-uterine-prolapse-and-vaginal-repair

  Vaginal repairs Often the vaginal walls sag when the womb sags. Sometimes the front (anterior, called cystocele) or back (posterior, called rectocele) walls of the vagina sag so much that your doctor may suggest repairing them at the same time as your hysterectomy. This shouldn’t make your stay in hospital any longer and the recovery at home is much the same. However, some things are different including the risks of the operation. For example, painful intercourse (sex) is more likely if a repair is done, although it is still uncommon. You should, therefore discuss this with your doctor. They may have an extra information leaflet for you about vaginal wall repairs.

• #3 Can Pelvic Organ Prolapse Be Reversed – Dr Ng Kai Lyn | Female Gynaecologist | Laparoscopy Specialist Singapore

  https://drngkailyn.com/can-pelvic-organ-prolapse-be-reversed/

  However, it is preferable to consult a healthcare provider, such as a gynaecologist, to help manage symptoms and prevent further progression of pelvic organ prolapse. […] […] Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) can be managed through a combination of non-surgical and surgical treatments, depending on the severity of symptoms and individual preferences. Treatment options include: […] […] Collaborating with a urogynecologist for individualised management of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is paramount for optimising patient outcomes and ensuring personalised care.

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