Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14129-hyperthyroidism

  Hyperthyroidism is a treatable condition. Most people do well with treatment. While some forms of treatment require you to take medication for the rest of your life, this will help keep your thyroid hormone levels in a healthy range. […] Untreated hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease may get worse over time and cause complications, like Graves eye disease (Graves ophthalmopathy). If you have Graves disease, ask your healthcare provider how you can best manage the condition. […] Complications from untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism include: Atrial fibrillation (Afib). Congestive heart failure. Infertility. Ischemic stroke. Osteoporosis. […] A rare and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism is thyroid storm (thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis). It happens when your thyroid makes and releases a large amount of thyroid hormone in a short amount of time. Its an emergency that requires immediate medical attention. […] Untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism can cause thyroid storm. Stressors like infection, injury or surgery may trigger it.

• #2 Hyperthyroidism | Graves’ Disease | Overactive Thyroid | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html

  Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, happens when your thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormones than your body needs. […] If not treated, hyperthyroidism can cause serious problems with your heart, bones, muscles, menstrual cycle, and fertility. But there are treatments that can help. […] If hyperthyroidism isn’t treated, it can cause some serious health problems, including: An irregular heartbeat that can lead to blood clots, stroke, heart failure, and other heart problems. […] Almost everyone who has radioactive iodine treatment later develops hypothyroidism. This is because the thyroid hormone-producing cells have been destroyed. But hypothyroidism is easier to treat and causes fewer long-term health problems than hyperthyroidism.

• #3 Hyperthyroidism life expectancy

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hyperthyroidism-life-expectancy

  People with hyperthyroidism have a higher risk of developing further serious health conditions, such as cardiovascular and kidney disease. A persons life expectancy may depend on whether and how they develop those conditions. […] If an individual with the condition does not have serious complications, treatment is effective in managing symptoms and producing positive outcomes. In contrast, people who develop a rare complication known as thyroid storm have a death rate of about 16%. […] Data on the exact life expectancy of someone with hyperthyroidism are not available. That said, a 2017 study suggests that it is 3.1 to 3.5 years shorter than those without the condition. […] Evidence indicates that people with hyperthyroidism have a higher risk of noncommunicable conditions. As these illnesses are serious, they can affect life expectancy.

• #4 Hyperthyroidism life expectancy

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hyperthyroidism-life-expectancy

  An older 2016 study reports that individuals with hyperthyroidism have a higher risk of death from all causes, with heart failure as the main cardiovascular cause. […] Hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease has overall positive outcomes that stem from the effectiveness of treatment for symptom management. Although Graves disease has no cure, medications can manage thyroid levels in almost all cases. […] The life expectancy of those with hyperthyroidism is generally favorable due to effective treatments. […] However, people with the condition have a higher risk of developing conditions such as cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease, particularly if they do not seek treatment. Any of these can negatively affect the outlook. […] They also are at risk of experiencing a rare complication known as thyroid storm, life threatening medical event. If someone experiences symptoms such as high fever, fast heartbeat, and delirium they should seek immediate medical attention.

• #5 Hyperthyroidism life expectancy

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hyperthyroidism-life-expectancy

  An older 2016 study reports that individuals with hyperthyroidism have a higher risk of death from all causes, with heart failure as the main cardiovascular cause. […] Hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease has overall positive outcomes that stem from the effectiveness of treatment for symptom management. Although Graves disease has no cure, medications can manage thyroid levels in almost all cases. […] The life expectancy of those with hyperthyroidism is generally favorable due to effective treatments. […] However, people with the condition have a higher risk of developing conditions such as cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease, particularly if they do not seek treatment. Any of these can negatively affect the outlook. […] They also are at risk of experiencing a rare complication known as thyroid storm, life threatening medical event. If someone experiences symptoms such as high fever, fast heartbeat, and delirium they should seek immediate medical attention.

• #6 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Thyroid hormone excess causes left ventricular thickening, which is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiac-related death. Thyrotoxicosis has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, right heart failure with pulmonary hypertension, and diastolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. […] An increase in the rate of bone resorption occurs. Bone loss, measured by bone mineral densitometry, can be seen in severe hyperthyroidism at all ages and in both sexes. In mild subclinical disease, however, bone loss has been convincingly shown only in postmenopausal women. […] A study by Zhyzhneuskaya et al of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease suggested that approximately one third will progress to overt hyperthyroidism, about one third will develop normalized thyroid function, and just under one third will remain in a state of subclinical hyperthyroidism. (One person in the study became hypothyroid.) Multivariate regression analysis indicated that risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism is greater in patients with older age or a positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody status. The study included 44 patients, with follow-up lasting at least 12 months.

• #7 Hyperthyroidism and the risk of non-thyroid cancer: a Danish register-based long-term follow-up study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11046354/

  Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide. It is currently debated whether thyroid dysfunction is a modifiable cancer risk factor. Our aim was to evaluate the risk of cancer in patients with hyperthyroidism. […] Hyperthyroidism was associated with increased all-cause cancer risk (sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR): 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10-1.14), as well as an increased risk of breast (SHR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13), lung (SHR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.16-1.26), and prostate cancer (SHR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.19), but not colorectal cancer (SHR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.99-1.09). […] In this register-based study, patients with hyperthyroidism had an increased risk of cancer, in particular lung, prostate, and breast cancer. Whether a causal link exists remains to be proven. […] A total of 17,654 (18.5%) hyperthyroid individuals were diagnosed with cancer, compared to 59,977 (16.5%) individuals in the reference population.

• #8 Hyperthyroidism and the risk of non-thyroid cancer: a Danish register-based long-term follow-up study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11046354/

  Overall, irrespective of cause of hyperthyroidism and location of cancer, hyperthyroid patients had an increased risk of cancer (SHR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.12-1.16). […] After adjusting for pre-existing morbidity, patients with hyperthyroidism (SHR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.14-1.18), GD (SHR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05-1.11), and TNG (SHR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.16-1.23) had an increased risk of cancer. […] In conclusion, this nationwide register-based data demonstrated a 12% increased risk of cancer in a large cohort of hyperthyroid patients. The risk depended on the type of cancer, with increased SHRs for prostate, breast, and lung cancer but not for colorectal cancer. Similar results were found when stratifying for cause of hyperthyroidism. Although the validity of our results is supported by the size of the study it remains to be proven that hyperthyroidism is a pro-cancerogenic condition.

• #9 Hyperthyroidism and the risk of non-thyroid cancer: a Danish register-based long-term follow-up study in: European Thyroid Journal Volume 13 Issue 2 (2024)

  https://etj.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/etj/13/2/ETJ-23-0181.xml

  In this register-based study, patients with hyperthyroidism had an increased risk of cancer, in particular lung, prostate, and breast cancer. Whether a causal link exists remains to be proven. […] Hyperthyroidism was associated with increased all-cause cancer risk (sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR): 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10-1.14), as well as an increased risk of breast (SHR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13), lung (SHR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.16-1.26), and prostate cancer (SHR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.19), but not colorectal cancer (SHR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.99-1.09). […] A total of 17,654 (18.5%) hyperthyroid individuals were diagnosed with cancer, compared to 59,977 (16.5%) individuals in the reference population. The frequency and risk of cancer are summarized in Table 2. Overall, irrespective of cause of hyperthyroidism and location of cancer, hyperthyroid patients had an increased risk of cancer (SHR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.12-1.16). Almost similar risk estimates were achieved after adjusting for pre-existing morbidity (SHR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10-1.14).

• #10 Hyperthyroidism and the risk of non-thyroid cancer: a Danish register-based long-term follow-up study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11046354/

  Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide. It is currently debated whether thyroid dysfunction is a modifiable cancer risk factor. Our aim was to evaluate the risk of cancer in patients with hyperthyroidism. […] Hyperthyroidism was associated with increased all-cause cancer risk (sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR): 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10-1.14), as well as an increased risk of breast (SHR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13), lung (SHR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.16-1.26), and prostate cancer (SHR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.19), but not colorectal cancer (SHR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.99-1.09). […] In this register-based study, patients with hyperthyroidism had an increased risk of cancer, in particular lung, prostate, and breast cancer. Whether a causal link exists remains to be proven. […] A total of 17,654 (18.5%) hyperthyroid individuals were diagnosed with cancer, compared to 59,977 (16.5%) individuals in the reference population.

• #11 Hyperthyroidism and the risk of non-thyroid cancer: a Danish register-based long-term follow-up study in: European Thyroid Journal Volume 13 Issue 2 (2024)

  https://etj.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/etj/13/2/ETJ-23-0181.xml

  In this register-based study, patients with hyperthyroidism had an increased risk of cancer, in particular lung, prostate, and breast cancer. Whether a causal link exists remains to be proven. […] Hyperthyroidism was associated with increased all-cause cancer risk (sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR): 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10-1.14), as well as an increased risk of breast (SHR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13), lung (SHR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.16-1.26), and prostate cancer (SHR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.19), but not colorectal cancer (SHR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.99-1.09). […] A total of 17,654 (18.5%) hyperthyroid individuals were diagnosed with cancer, compared to 59,977 (16.5%) individuals in the reference population. The frequency and risk of cancer are summarized in Table 2. Overall, irrespective of cause of hyperthyroidism and location of cancer, hyperthyroid patients had an increased risk of cancer (SHR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.12-1.16). Almost similar risk estimates were achieved after adjusting for pre-existing morbidity (SHR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10-1.14).

• #12 Hyperthyroidism and the risk of non-thyroid cancer: a Danish register-based long-term follow-up study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11046354/

  Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide. It is currently debated whether thyroid dysfunction is a modifiable cancer risk factor. Our aim was to evaluate the risk of cancer in patients with hyperthyroidism. […] Hyperthyroidism was associated with increased all-cause cancer risk (sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR): 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10-1.14), as well as an increased risk of breast (SHR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13), lung (SHR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.16-1.26), and prostate cancer (SHR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.19), but not colorectal cancer (SHR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.99-1.09). […] In this register-based study, patients with hyperthyroidism had an increased risk of cancer, in particular lung, prostate, and breast cancer. Whether a causal link exists remains to be proven. […] A total of 17,654 (18.5%) hyperthyroid individuals were diagnosed with cancer, compared to 59,977 (16.5%) individuals in the reference population.

• #13 Hyperthyroidism and the risk of non-thyroid cancer: a Danish register-based long-term follow-up study in: European Thyroid Journal Volume 13 Issue 2 (2024)

  https://etj.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/etj/13/2/ETJ-23-0181.xml

  In this register-based study, patients with hyperthyroidism had an increased risk of cancer, in particular lung, prostate, and breast cancer. Whether a causal link exists remains to be proven. […] Hyperthyroidism was associated with increased all-cause cancer risk (sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR): 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10-1.14), as well as an increased risk of breast (SHR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13), lung (SHR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.16-1.26), and prostate cancer (SHR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.19), but not colorectal cancer (SHR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.99-1.09). […] A total of 17,654 (18.5%) hyperthyroid individuals were diagnosed with cancer, compared to 59,977 (16.5%) individuals in the reference population. The frequency and risk of cancer are summarized in Table 2. Overall, irrespective of cause of hyperthyroidism and location of cancer, hyperthyroid patients had an increased risk of cancer (SHR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.12-1.16). Almost similar risk estimates were achieved after adjusting for pre-existing morbidity (SHR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10-1.14).

• #14 Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14129-hyperthyroidism

  Hyperthyroidism is a treatable condition. Most people do well with treatment. While some forms of treatment require you to take medication for the rest of your life, this will help keep your thyroid hormone levels in a healthy range. […] Untreated hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease may get worse over time and cause complications, like Graves eye disease (Graves ophthalmopathy). If you have Graves disease, ask your healthcare provider how you can best manage the condition. […] Complications from untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism include: Atrial fibrillation (Afib). Congestive heart failure. Infertility. Ischemic stroke. Osteoporosis. […] A rare and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism is thyroid storm (thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis). It happens when your thyroid makes and releases a large amount of thyroid hormone in a short amount of time. Its an emergency that requires immediate medical attention. […] Untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism can cause thyroid storm. Stressors like infection, injury or surgery may trigger it.

• #15 Hyperthyroidism | Graves’ Disease | Overactive Thyroid | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html

  Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, happens when your thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormones than your body needs. […] If not treated, hyperthyroidism can cause serious problems with your heart, bones, muscles, menstrual cycle, and fertility. But there are treatments that can help. […] If hyperthyroidism isn’t treated, it can cause some serious health problems, including: An irregular heartbeat that can lead to blood clots, stroke, heart failure, and other heart problems. […] Almost everyone who has radioactive iodine treatment later develops hypothyroidism. This is because the thyroid hormone-producing cells have been destroyed. But hypothyroidism is easier to treat and causes fewer long-term health problems than hyperthyroidism.

• #16 Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14129-hyperthyroidism

  Hyperthyroidism is a treatable condition. Most people do well with treatment. While some forms of treatment require you to take medication for the rest of your life, this will help keep your thyroid hormone levels in a healthy range. […] Untreated hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease may get worse over time and cause complications, like Graves eye disease (Graves ophthalmopathy). If you have Graves disease, ask your healthcare provider how you can best manage the condition. […] Complications from untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism include: Atrial fibrillation (Afib). Congestive heart failure. Infertility. Ischemic stroke. Osteoporosis. […] A rare and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism is thyroid storm (thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis). It happens when your thyroid makes and releases a large amount of thyroid hormone in a short amount of time. Its an emergency that requires immediate medical attention. […] Untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism can cause thyroid storm. Stressors like infection, injury or surgery may trigger it.

• #17 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Thyroid hormone excess causes left ventricular thickening, which is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiac-related death. Thyrotoxicosis has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, right heart failure with pulmonary hypertension, and diastolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. […] An increase in the rate of bone resorption occurs. Bone loss, measured by bone mineral densitometry, can be seen in severe hyperthyroidism at all ages and in both sexes. In mild subclinical disease, however, bone loss has been convincingly shown only in postmenopausal women. […] A study by Zhyzhneuskaya et al of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease suggested that approximately one third will progress to overt hyperthyroidism, about one third will develop normalized thyroid function, and just under one third will remain in a state of subclinical hyperthyroidism. (One person in the study became hypothyroid.) Multivariate regression analysis indicated that risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism is greater in patients with older age or a positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody status. The study included 44 patients, with follow-up lasting at least 12 months.

• #18 Hyperthyroidism | Graves’ Disease | Overactive Thyroid | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html

  Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, happens when your thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormones than your body needs. […] If not treated, hyperthyroidism can cause serious problems with your heart, bones, muscles, menstrual cycle, and fertility. But there are treatments that can help. […] If hyperthyroidism isn’t treated, it can cause some serious health problems, including: An irregular heartbeat that can lead to blood clots, stroke, heart failure, and other heart problems. […] Almost everyone who has radioactive iodine treatment later develops hypothyroidism. This is because the thyroid hormone-producing cells have been destroyed. But hypothyroidism is easier to treat and causes fewer long-term health problems than hyperthyroidism.

• #19 Hyperthyroidism life expectancy

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hyperthyroidism-life-expectancy

  People with hyperthyroidism have a higher risk of developing further serious health conditions, such as cardiovascular and kidney disease. A persons life expectancy may depend on whether and how they develop those conditions. […] If an individual with the condition does not have serious complications, treatment is effective in managing symptoms and producing positive outcomes. In contrast, people who develop a rare complication known as thyroid storm have a death rate of about 16%. […] Data on the exact life expectancy of someone with hyperthyroidism are not available. That said, a 2017 study suggests that it is 3.1 to 3.5 years shorter than those without the condition. […] Evidence indicates that people with hyperthyroidism have a higher risk of noncommunicable conditions. As these illnesses are serious, they can affect life expectancy.

• #20 Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14129-hyperthyroidism

  Hyperthyroidism is a treatable condition. Most people do well with treatment. While some forms of treatment require you to take medication for the rest of your life, this will help keep your thyroid hormone levels in a healthy range. […] Untreated hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease may get worse over time and cause complications, like Graves eye disease (Graves ophthalmopathy). If you have Graves disease, ask your healthcare provider how you can best manage the condition. […] Complications from untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism include: Atrial fibrillation (Afib). Congestive heart failure. Infertility. Ischemic stroke. Osteoporosis. […] A rare and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism is thyroid storm (thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis). It happens when your thyroid makes and releases a large amount of thyroid hormone in a short amount of time. Its an emergency that requires immediate medical attention. […] Untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism can cause thyroid storm. Stressors like infection, injury or surgery may trigger it.

• #21 Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14129-hyperthyroidism

  Hyperthyroidism is a treatable condition. Most people do well with treatment. While some forms of treatment require you to take medication for the rest of your life, this will help keep your thyroid hormone levels in a healthy range. […] Untreated hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease may get worse over time and cause complications, like Graves eye disease (Graves ophthalmopathy). If you have Graves disease, ask your healthcare provider how you can best manage the condition. […] Complications from untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism include: Atrial fibrillation (Afib). Congestive heart failure. Infertility. Ischemic stroke. Osteoporosis. […] A rare and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism is thyroid storm (thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis). It happens when your thyroid makes and releases a large amount of thyroid hormone in a short amount of time. Its an emergency that requires immediate medical attention. […] Untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism can cause thyroid storm. Stressors like infection, injury or surgery may trigger it.

• #22 Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14129-hyperthyroidism

  Hyperthyroidism is a treatable condition. Most people do well with treatment. While some forms of treatment require you to take medication for the rest of your life, this will help keep your thyroid hormone levels in a healthy range. […] Untreated hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease may get worse over time and cause complications, like Graves eye disease (Graves ophthalmopathy). If you have Graves disease, ask your healthcare provider how you can best manage the condition. […] Complications from untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism include: Atrial fibrillation (Afib). Congestive heart failure. Infertility. Ischemic stroke. Osteoporosis. […] A rare and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism is thyroid storm (thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis). It happens when your thyroid makes and releases a large amount of thyroid hormone in a short amount of time. Its an emergency that requires immediate medical attention. […] Untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism can cause thyroid storm. Stressors like infection, injury or surgery may trigger it.

• #23 Efficacy of I-131 Treatment Dosage for Hyperthyroidism With Current Institution Formula | Salam | Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

  https://jofem.org/index.php/jofem/article/view/874/284284630

  The results of this study testified to the therapeutic efficacy of the current institutions formula for I-131 treatment dosages in treating hyperthyroidism. […] The results also indicated the clinically significant impact of RAI therapy on post-ablation TSH, T3, and FT4 levels. […] The findings revealed an 83% success rate of RAI treatment defined by the achievement of euthyroid state and hypothyroidism. […] The absence of hyperthyroidism after I-131 treatment was further affirmed by questionable euthyroid state, subclinical hypothyroidism, questionable hypothyroidism, and suspected hypothyroidism. […] The treatment failure rate of 17% was, however, indicated by the reconfirmation of hyperthyroidism in 15 patients. […] In addition, a low number (i.e., 9%) of patients with hyperthyroidism required repeat I-131 treatment dosages to achieve a hypothyroid or euthyroid state.

• #24 Efficacy of I-131 Treatment Dosage for Hyperthyroidism With Current Institution Formula | Salam | Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

  https://jofem.org/index.php/jofem/article/view/874/284284630

  The results, therefore, strongly advocated the therapeutic efficacy of the empirically derived I-131 institution formula in patients with hyperthyroidism and related complications. […] The findings of this study indicated an 83% RAI treatment success rate and the requirement of a second treatment session in 9% of patients with hyperthyroidism. […] The majority (i.e., 70.8%) of successfully treated patients were diagnosed with hypothyroidism followed by 6.7% who achieved a euthyroid status.

• #25 Efficacy of I-131 Treatment Dosage for Hyperthyroidism With Current Institution Formula | Salam | Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

  https://jofem.org/index.php/jofem/article/view/874/284284630

  The results, therefore, strongly advocated the therapeutic efficacy of the empirically derived I-131 institution formula in patients with hyperthyroidism and related complications. […] The findings of this study indicated an 83% RAI treatment success rate and the requirement of a second treatment session in 9% of patients with hyperthyroidism. […] The majority (i.e., 70.8%) of successfully treated patients were diagnosed with hypothyroidism followed by 6.7% who achieved a euthyroid status.

• #26 Hyperthyroidism | Graves’ Disease | Overactive Thyroid | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html

  Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, happens when your thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormones than your body needs. […] If not treated, hyperthyroidism can cause serious problems with your heart, bones, muscles, menstrual cycle, and fertility. But there are treatments that can help. […] If hyperthyroidism isn’t treated, it can cause some serious health problems, including: An irregular heartbeat that can lead to blood clots, stroke, heart failure, and other heart problems. […] Almost everyone who has radioactive iodine treatment later develops hypothyroidism. This is because the thyroid hormone-producing cells have been destroyed. But hypothyroidism is easier to treat and causes fewer long-term health problems than hyperthyroidism.

• #27 Hyperthyroidism life expectancy

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hyperthyroidism-life-expectancy

  An older 2016 study reports that individuals with hyperthyroidism have a higher risk of death from all causes, with heart failure as the main cardiovascular cause. […] Hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease has overall positive outcomes that stem from the effectiveness of treatment for symptom management. Although Graves disease has no cure, medications can manage thyroid levels in almost all cases. […] The life expectancy of those with hyperthyroidism is generally favorable due to effective treatments. […] However, people with the condition have a higher risk of developing conditions such as cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease, particularly if they do not seek treatment. Any of these can negatively affect the outlook. […] They also are at risk of experiencing a rare complication known as thyroid storm, life threatening medical event. If someone experiences symptoms such as high fever, fast heartbeat, and delirium they should seek immediate medical attention.

• #28

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11154-023-09848-8

  Graves disease (GD) is the commonest cause of hyperthyroidism and has a strong female preponderance. […] This review supports the inheritance of GD as a complex genetic trait, with a growing number of more than 80 susceptibility loci identified so far. […] A key question given the large 60-80% genetic contribution to disease susceptibility is what constitutes the remaining non-genetic or potential precipitating factors. […] The phenotypic spectrum of GD is broad with patients exhibiting diverse clinical features and differing in biochemical severity. Several studies have demonstrated robust associations between specific clinical and biochemical factors and outcome in GD following withdrawal of antithyroid drugs (ATD), and have also identified prognostically relevant genetic associations.

• #29 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Thyroid hormone excess causes left ventricular thickening, which is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiac-related death. Thyrotoxicosis has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, right heart failure with pulmonary hypertension, and diastolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. […] An increase in the rate of bone resorption occurs. Bone loss, measured by bone mineral densitometry, can be seen in severe hyperthyroidism at all ages and in both sexes. In mild subclinical disease, however, bone loss has been convincingly shown only in postmenopausal women. […] A study by Zhyzhneuskaya et al of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease suggested that approximately one third will progress to overt hyperthyroidism, about one third will develop normalized thyroid function, and just under one third will remain in a state of subclinical hyperthyroidism. (One person in the study became hypothyroid.) Multivariate regression analysis indicated that risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism is greater in patients with older age or a positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody status. The study included 44 patients, with follow-up lasting at least 12 months.

• #30 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Thyroid hormone excess causes left ventricular thickening, which is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiac-related death. Thyrotoxicosis has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, right heart failure with pulmonary hypertension, and diastolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. […] An increase in the rate of bone resorption occurs. Bone loss, measured by bone mineral densitometry, can be seen in severe hyperthyroidism at all ages and in both sexes. In mild subclinical disease, however, bone loss has been convincingly shown only in postmenopausal women. […] A study by Zhyzhneuskaya et al of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease suggested that approximately one third will progress to overt hyperthyroidism, about one third will develop normalized thyroid function, and just under one third will remain in a state of subclinical hyperthyroidism. (One person in the study became hypothyroid.) Multivariate regression analysis indicated that risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism is greater in patients with older age or a positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody status. The study included 44 patients, with follow-up lasting at least 12 months.

• #31 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Thyroid hormone excess causes left ventricular thickening, which is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiac-related death. Thyrotoxicosis has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, right heart failure with pulmonary hypertension, and diastolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. […] An increase in the rate of bone resorption occurs. Bone loss, measured by bone mineral densitometry, can be seen in severe hyperthyroidism at all ages and in both sexes. In mild subclinical disease, however, bone loss has been convincingly shown only in postmenopausal women. […] A study by Zhyzhneuskaya et al of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease suggested that approximately one third will progress to overt hyperthyroidism, about one third will develop normalized thyroid function, and just under one third will remain in a state of subclinical hyperthyroidism. (One person in the study became hypothyroid.) Multivariate regression analysis indicated that risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism is greater in patients with older age or a positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody status. The study included 44 patients, with follow-up lasting at least 12 months.

• #32

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11154-023-09848-8

  Graves disease (GD) is the commonest cause of hyperthyroidism and has a strong female preponderance. […] This review supports the inheritance of GD as a complex genetic trait, with a growing number of more than 80 susceptibility loci identified so far. […] A key question given the large 60-80% genetic contribution to disease susceptibility is what constitutes the remaining non-genetic or potential precipitating factors. […] The phenotypic spectrum of GD is broad with patients exhibiting diverse clinical features and differing in biochemical severity. Several studies have demonstrated robust associations between specific clinical and biochemical factors and outcome in GD following withdrawal of antithyroid drugs (ATD), and have also identified prognostically relevant genetic associations.

• #33

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11154-023-09848-8

  Examining the association of genetic loci and clinical phenotype may not only provide mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of GD, but also promote precision medicine by enabling the prediction of an individuals risk of relapse and their likely response to different therapeutic approaches. […] Several of the genetic variants associated with particular clinical/biochemical phenotypes have also been independently associated with an increased risk of GD reoccurrence, albeit inconsistently across different study populations. […] Identifying genetic variants that are associated with both clinical phenotype and prognosis may be clinically valuable to recognise patients at higher risk of relapse, and may help elucidate mechanistic insight into the functional impacts of genetic variation in GD.

• #34

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11154-023-09848-8

  The addition of genetic risk alleles at HLA (DRB1-03, DQA1-05, DQB1-02) and PTPN22 (rs2476601) to form the GREAT+ score, demonstrated an improved predictive value for relapse when compared to clinical factors alone. […] Genotyping of GD patients may have significant translational potential by enabling a personalised treatment plan and the future implementation of novel immunomodulatory therapies for appropriate patients.

• #35

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11154-023-09848-8

  The addition of genetic risk alleles at HLA (DRB1-03, DQA1-05, DQB1-02) and PTPN22 (rs2476601) to form the GREAT+ score, demonstrated an improved predictive value for relapse when compared to clinical factors alone. […] Genotyping of GD patients may have significant translational potential by enabling a personalised treatment plan and the future implementation of novel immunomodulatory therapies for appropriate patients.

• #36 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Hyperthyroidism from toxic multinodular goiter and toxic adenoma is permanent and usually occurs in adults. After normalization of thyroid function with antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine ablation usually is recommended as the definitive therapy. Long-term, high-dose antithyroid medication is not recommended. Toxic multinodular goiters and toxic adenomas probably will continue to grow slowly in size during antithyroid pharmacotherapy. […] Generally, the thyrotoxic areas are ablated, and patients may remain euthyroid. Those who become hypothyroid after radioactive iodine therapy are easily maintained on thyroid hormone replacement therapy, with T4 taken once daily. […] Patients with Graves disease may become hypothyroid in the natural course of their disease, regardless of whether treatment involves radioactive iodine or surgery. Eye disease may develop at a time distant from the initial diagnosis and therapy. Generally, after the diagnosis, the ophthalmopathy slowly improves over years.

• #37 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Hyperthyroidism from toxic multinodular goiter and toxic adenoma is permanent and usually occurs in adults. After normalization of thyroid function with antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine ablation usually is recommended as the definitive therapy. Long-term, high-dose antithyroid medication is not recommended. Toxic multinodular goiters and toxic adenomas probably will continue to grow slowly in size during antithyroid pharmacotherapy. […] Generally, the thyrotoxic areas are ablated, and patients may remain euthyroid. Those who become hypothyroid after radioactive iodine therapy are easily maintained on thyroid hormone replacement therapy, with T4 taken once daily. […] Patients with Graves disease may become hypothyroid in the natural course of their disease, regardless of whether treatment involves radioactive iodine or surgery. Eye disease may develop at a time distant from the initial diagnosis and therapy. Generally, after the diagnosis, the ophthalmopathy slowly improves over years.

• #38 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Thyroid hormone excess causes left ventricular thickening, which is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiac-related death. Thyrotoxicosis has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, right heart failure with pulmonary hypertension, and diastolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. […] An increase in the rate of bone resorption occurs. Bone loss, measured by bone mineral densitometry, can be seen in severe hyperthyroidism at all ages and in both sexes. In mild subclinical disease, however, bone loss has been convincingly shown only in postmenopausal women. […] A study by Zhyzhneuskaya et al of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease suggested that approximately one third will progress to overt hyperthyroidism, about one third will develop normalized thyroid function, and just under one third will remain in a state of subclinical hyperthyroidism. (One person in the study became hypothyroid.) Multivariate regression analysis indicated that risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism is greater in patients with older age or a positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody status. The study included 44 patients, with follow-up lasting at least 12 months.

• #39 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Thyroid hormone excess causes left ventricular thickening, which is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiac-related death. Thyrotoxicosis has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, right heart failure with pulmonary hypertension, and diastolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. […] An increase in the rate of bone resorption occurs. Bone loss, measured by bone mineral densitometry, can be seen in severe hyperthyroidism at all ages and in both sexes. In mild subclinical disease, however, bone loss has been convincingly shown only in postmenopausal women. […] A study by Zhyzhneuskaya et al of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease suggested that approximately one third will progress to overt hyperthyroidism, about one third will develop normalized thyroid function, and just under one third will remain in a state of subclinical hyperthyroidism. (One person in the study became hypothyroid.) Multivariate regression analysis indicated that risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism is greater in patients with older age or a positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody status. The study included 44 patients, with follow-up lasting at least 12 months.

• #40 Hyperthyroidism life expectancy

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hyperthyroidism-life-expectancy

  An older 2016 study reports that individuals with hyperthyroidism have a higher risk of death from all causes, with heart failure as the main cardiovascular cause. […] Hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease has overall positive outcomes that stem from the effectiveness of treatment for symptom management. Although Graves disease has no cure, medications can manage thyroid levels in almost all cases. […] The life expectancy of those with hyperthyroidism is generally favorable due to effective treatments. […] However, people with the condition have a higher risk of developing conditions such as cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease, particularly if they do not seek treatment. Any of these can negatively affect the outlook. […] They also are at risk of experiencing a rare complication known as thyroid storm, life threatening medical event. If someone experiences symptoms such as high fever, fast heartbeat, and delirium they should seek immediate medical attention.

• #41 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Thyroid hormone excess causes left ventricular thickening, which is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiac-related death. Thyrotoxicosis has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, right heart failure with pulmonary hypertension, and diastolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. […] An increase in the rate of bone resorption occurs. Bone loss, measured by bone mineral densitometry, can be seen in severe hyperthyroidism at all ages and in both sexes. In mild subclinical disease, however, bone loss has been convincingly shown only in postmenopausal women. […] A study by Zhyzhneuskaya et al of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease suggested that approximately one third will progress to overt hyperthyroidism, about one third will develop normalized thyroid function, and just under one third will remain in a state of subclinical hyperthyroidism. (One person in the study became hypothyroid.) Multivariate regression analysis indicated that risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism is greater in patients with older age or a positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody status. The study included 44 patients, with follow-up lasting at least 12 months.

• #42 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Thyroid hormone excess causes left ventricular thickening, which is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiac-related death. Thyrotoxicosis has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, right heart failure with pulmonary hypertension, and diastolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. […] An increase in the rate of bone resorption occurs. Bone loss, measured by bone mineral densitometry, can be seen in severe hyperthyroidism at all ages and in both sexes. In mild subclinical disease, however, bone loss has been convincingly shown only in postmenopausal women. […] A study by Zhyzhneuskaya et al of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease suggested that approximately one third will progress to overt hyperthyroidism, about one third will develop normalized thyroid function, and just under one third will remain in a state of subclinical hyperthyroidism. (One person in the study became hypothyroid.) Multivariate regression analysis indicated that risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism is greater in patients with older age or a positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody status. The study included 44 patients, with follow-up lasting at least 12 months.

• #43 Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14129-hyperthyroidism

  Hyperthyroidism is a treatable condition. Most people do well with treatment. While some forms of treatment require you to take medication for the rest of your life, this will help keep your thyroid hormone levels in a healthy range. […] Untreated hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease may get worse over time and cause complications, like Graves eye disease (Graves ophthalmopathy). If you have Graves disease, ask your healthcare provider how you can best manage the condition. […] Complications from untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism include: Atrial fibrillation (Afib). Congestive heart failure. Infertility. Ischemic stroke. Osteoporosis. […] A rare and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism is thyroid storm (thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis). It happens when your thyroid makes and releases a large amount of thyroid hormone in a short amount of time. Its an emergency that requires immediate medical attention. […] Untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism can cause thyroid storm. Stressors like infection, injury or surgery may trigger it.

• #44 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Thyroid hormone excess causes left ventricular thickening, which is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiac-related death. Thyrotoxicosis has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, right heart failure with pulmonary hypertension, and diastolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. […] An increase in the rate of bone resorption occurs. Bone loss, measured by bone mineral densitometry, can be seen in severe hyperthyroidism at all ages and in both sexes. In mild subclinical disease, however, bone loss has been convincingly shown only in postmenopausal women. […] A study by Zhyzhneuskaya et al of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease suggested that approximately one third will progress to overt hyperthyroidism, about one third will develop normalized thyroid function, and just under one third will remain in a state of subclinical hyperthyroidism. (One person in the study became hypothyroid.) Multivariate regression analysis indicated that risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism is greater in patients with older age or a positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody status. The study included 44 patients, with follow-up lasting at least 12 months.

• #45 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Hyperthyroidism from toxic multinodular goiter and toxic adenoma is permanent and usually occurs in adults. After normalization of thyroid function with antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine ablation usually is recommended as the definitive therapy. Long-term, high-dose antithyroid medication is not recommended. Toxic multinodular goiters and toxic adenomas probably will continue to grow slowly in size during antithyroid pharmacotherapy. […] Generally, the thyrotoxic areas are ablated, and patients may remain euthyroid. Those who become hypothyroid after radioactive iodine therapy are easily maintained on thyroid hormone replacement therapy, with T4 taken once daily. […] Patients with Graves disease may become hypothyroid in the natural course of their disease, regardless of whether treatment involves radioactive iodine or surgery. Eye disease may develop at a time distant from the initial diagnosis and therapy. Generally, after the diagnosis, the ophthalmopathy slowly improves over years.

• #46 Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14129-hyperthyroidism

  Hyperthyroidism is a treatable condition. Most people do well with treatment. While some forms of treatment require you to take medication for the rest of your life, this will help keep your thyroid hormone levels in a healthy range. […] Untreated hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease may get worse over time and cause complications, like Graves eye disease (Graves ophthalmopathy). If you have Graves disease, ask your healthcare provider how you can best manage the condition. […] Complications from untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism include: Atrial fibrillation (Afib). Congestive heart failure. Infertility. Ischemic stroke. Osteoporosis. […] A rare and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism is thyroid storm (thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis). It happens when your thyroid makes and releases a large amount of thyroid hormone in a short amount of time. Its an emergency that requires immediate medical attention. […] Untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism can cause thyroid storm. Stressors like infection, injury or surgery may trigger it.

• #47 Hyperthyroidism life expectancy

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hyperthyroidism-life-expectancy

  An older 2016 study reports that individuals with hyperthyroidism have a higher risk of death from all causes, with heart failure as the main cardiovascular cause. […] Hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease has overall positive outcomes that stem from the effectiveness of treatment for symptom management. Although Graves disease has no cure, medications can manage thyroid levels in almost all cases. […] The life expectancy of those with hyperthyroidism is generally favorable due to effective treatments. […] However, people with the condition have a higher risk of developing conditions such as cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease, particularly if they do not seek treatment. Any of these can negatively affect the outlook. […] They also are at risk of experiencing a rare complication known as thyroid storm, life threatening medical event. If someone experiences symptoms such as high fever, fast heartbeat, and delirium they should seek immediate medical attention.

• #48 Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14129-hyperthyroidism

  Hyperthyroidism is a treatable condition. Most people do well with treatment. While some forms of treatment require you to take medication for the rest of your life, this will help keep your thyroid hormone levels in a healthy range. […] Untreated hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease may get worse over time and cause complications, like Graves eye disease (Graves ophthalmopathy). If you have Graves disease, ask your healthcare provider how you can best manage the condition. […] Complications from untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism include: Atrial fibrillation (Afib). Congestive heart failure. Infertility. Ischemic stroke. Osteoporosis. […] A rare and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism is thyroid storm (thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis). It happens when your thyroid makes and releases a large amount of thyroid hormone in a short amount of time. Its an emergency that requires immediate medical attention. […] Untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism can cause thyroid storm. Stressors like infection, injury or surgery may trigger it.

• #49 Hyperthyroidism and the risk of non-thyroid cancer: a Danish register-based long-term follow-up study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11046354/

  Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide. It is currently debated whether thyroid dysfunction is a modifiable cancer risk factor. Our aim was to evaluate the risk of cancer in patients with hyperthyroidism. […] Hyperthyroidism was associated with increased all-cause cancer risk (sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR): 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10-1.14), as well as an increased risk of breast (SHR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13), lung (SHR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.16-1.26), and prostate cancer (SHR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.19), but not colorectal cancer (SHR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.99-1.09). […] In this register-based study, patients with hyperthyroidism had an increased risk of cancer, in particular lung, prostate, and breast cancer. Whether a causal link exists remains to be proven. […] A total of 17,654 (18.5%) hyperthyroid individuals were diagnosed with cancer, compared to 59,977 (16.5%) individuals in the reference population.

• #50 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Thyroid hormone excess causes left ventricular thickening, which is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiac-related death. Thyrotoxicosis has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, right heart failure with pulmonary hypertension, and diastolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. […] An increase in the rate of bone resorption occurs. Bone loss, measured by bone mineral densitometry, can be seen in severe hyperthyroidism at all ages and in both sexes. In mild subclinical disease, however, bone loss has been convincingly shown only in postmenopausal women. […] A study by Zhyzhneuskaya et al of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease suggested that approximately one third will progress to overt hyperthyroidism, about one third will develop normalized thyroid function, and just under one third will remain in a state of subclinical hyperthyroidism. (One person in the study became hypothyroid.) Multivariate regression analysis indicated that risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism is greater in patients with older age or a positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody status. The study included 44 patients, with follow-up lasting at least 12 months.

• #51 Hyperthyroidism life expectancy

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hyperthyroidism-life-expectancy

  An older 2016 study reports that individuals with hyperthyroidism have a higher risk of death from all causes, with heart failure as the main cardiovascular cause. […] Hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease has overall positive outcomes that stem from the effectiveness of treatment for symptom management. Although Graves disease has no cure, medications can manage thyroid levels in almost all cases. […] The life expectancy of those with hyperthyroidism is generally favorable due to effective treatments. […] However, people with the condition have a higher risk of developing conditions such as cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease, particularly if they do not seek treatment. Any of these can negatively affect the outlook. […] They also are at risk of experiencing a rare complication known as thyroid storm, life threatening medical event. If someone experiences symptoms such as high fever, fast heartbeat, and delirium they should seek immediate medical attention.

• #52 Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14129-hyperthyroidism

  Hyperthyroidism is a treatable condition. Most people do well with treatment. While some forms of treatment require you to take medication for the rest of your life, this will help keep your thyroid hormone levels in a healthy range. […] Untreated hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease may get worse over time and cause complications, like Graves eye disease (Graves ophthalmopathy). If you have Graves disease, ask your healthcare provider how you can best manage the condition. […] Complications from untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism include: Atrial fibrillation (Afib). Congestive heart failure. Infertility. Ischemic stroke. Osteoporosis. […] A rare and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism is thyroid storm (thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis). It happens when your thyroid makes and releases a large amount of thyroid hormone in a short amount of time. Its an emergency that requires immediate medical attention. […] Untreated or inadequately treated hyperthyroidism can cause thyroid storm. Stressors like infection, injury or surgery may trigger it.

• #53 Hyperthyroidism and the risk of non-thyroid cancer: a Danish register-based long-term follow-up study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11046354/

  Overall, irrespective of cause of hyperthyroidism and location of cancer, hyperthyroid patients had an increased risk of cancer (SHR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.12-1.16). […] After adjusting for pre-existing morbidity, patients with hyperthyroidism (SHR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.14-1.18), GD (SHR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05-1.11), and TNG (SHR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.16-1.23) had an increased risk of cancer. […] In conclusion, this nationwide register-based data demonstrated a 12% increased risk of cancer in a large cohort of hyperthyroid patients. The risk depended on the type of cancer, with increased SHRs for prostate, breast, and lung cancer but not for colorectal cancer. Similar results were found when stratifying for cause of hyperthyroidism. Although the validity of our results is supported by the size of the study it remains to be proven that hyperthyroidism is a pro-cancerogenic condition.

• #54 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview

  Thyroid hormone excess causes left ventricular thickening, which is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiac-related death. Thyrotoxicosis has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, right heart failure with pulmonary hypertension, and diastolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. […] An increase in the rate of bone resorption occurs. Bone loss, measured by bone mineral densitometry, can be seen in severe hyperthyroidism at all ages and in both sexes. In mild subclinical disease, however, bone loss has been convincingly shown only in postmenopausal women. […] A study by Zhyzhneuskaya et al of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease suggested that approximately one third will progress to overt hyperthyroidism, about one third will develop normalized thyroid function, and just under one third will remain in a state of subclinical hyperthyroidism. (One person in the study became hypothyroid.) Multivariate regression analysis indicated that risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism is greater in patients with older age or a positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody status. The study included 44 patients, with follow-up lasting at least 12 months.

• #55

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11154-023-09848-8

  Examining the association of genetic loci and clinical phenotype may not only provide mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of GD, but also promote precision medicine by enabling the prediction of an individuals risk of relapse and their likely response to different therapeutic approaches. […] Several of the genetic variants associated with particular clinical/biochemical phenotypes have also been independently associated with an increased risk of GD reoccurrence, albeit inconsistently across different study populations. […] Identifying genetic variants that are associated with both clinical phenotype and prognosis may be clinically valuable to recognise patients at higher risk of relapse, and may help elucidate mechanistic insight into the functional impacts of genetic variation in GD.

• #56

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11154-023-09848-8

  The addition of genetic risk alleles at HLA (DRB1-03, DQA1-05, DQB1-02) and PTPN22 (rs2476601) to form the GREAT+ score, demonstrated an improved predictive value for relapse when compared to clinical factors alone. […] Genotyping of GD patients may have significant translational potential by enabling a personalised treatment plan and the future implementation of novel immunomodulatory therapies for appropriate patients.

• #57 Hyperthyroidism life expectancy

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hyperthyroidism-life-expectancy

  People with hyperthyroidism have a higher risk of developing further serious health conditions, such as cardiovascular and kidney disease. A persons life expectancy may depend on whether and how they develop those conditions. […] If an individual with the condition does not have serious complications, treatment is effective in managing symptoms and producing positive outcomes. In contrast, people who develop a rare complication known as thyroid storm have a death rate of about 16%. […] Data on the exact life expectancy of someone with hyperthyroidism are not available. That said, a 2017 study suggests that it is 3.1 to 3.5 years shorter than those without the condition. […] Evidence indicates that people with hyperthyroidism have a higher risk of noncommunicable conditions. As these illnesses are serious, they can affect life expectancy.

• #58 Hyperthyroidism and the risk of non-thyroid cancer: a Danish register-based long-term follow-up study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11046354/

  Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide. It is currently debated whether thyroid dysfunction is a modifiable cancer risk factor. Our aim was to evaluate the risk of cancer in patients with hyperthyroidism. […] Hyperthyroidism was associated with increased all-cause cancer risk (sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR): 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10-1.14), as well as an increased risk of breast (SHR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13), lung (SHR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.16-1.26), and prostate cancer (SHR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.19), but not colorectal cancer (SHR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.99-1.09). […] In this register-based study, patients with hyperthyroidism had an increased risk of cancer, in particular lung, prostate, and breast cancer. Whether a causal link exists remains to be proven. […] A total of 17,654 (18.5%) hyperthyroid individuals were diagnosed with cancer, compared to 59,977 (16.5%) individuals in the reference population.

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