Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Actinic keratoses (Solar keratosis): Diagnosis and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/actinic-keratosis

  Actinic keratoses are prevented by strict sun protection. If already present, actinic keratoses may improve with a very high sun protection factor (50+) broad-spectrum sunscreen applied at least daily to affected areas, year-round. […] The number and severity of actinic keratoses can also be reduced by taking nicotinamide (vitamin B3) 500 mg twice daily. […] Standard HPV vaccination (alphapapillomavirus) may reduce the number and grade of actinic keratoses.

• #2 Actinic keratosis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/actinic-keratosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354969

  An actinic keratosis (ak-TIN-ik ker-uh-TOE-sis) is a rough, scaly patch on the skin that develops from years of sun exposure. […] You can reduce your risk of this skin condition by minimizing your sun exposure and protecting your skin from ultraviolet (UV) rays. […] Sun safety helps prevent actinic keratoses. Take these steps to protect your skin from the sun: […] Limit your time in the sun. Especially avoid time in the sun between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. And avoid staying in the sun so long that you get a sunburn or a suntan. […] Use sunscreen. Before spending time outdoors, apply a broad-spectrum water-resistant sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30, as the American Academy of Dermatology recommends. […] Cover up. For extra protection from the sun, wear tightly woven clothing that covers your arms and legs.

• #3 Reduction of solar keratoses by regular sunscreen use – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8377777/

  The incidence of and mortality from skin cancer are increasing in many countries. […] Many organizations are promoting the regular use of sunscreens to prevent skin cancer, despite the absence of evidence that these products have this effect. […] Regular use of sunscreens prevents the development of solar keratoses and, by implication, possibly reduces the risk of skin cancer in the long-term.

• #4 Actinic keratosis: Self-care

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/actinic-keratosis-self-care

  Having just one actinic keratosis (AK) means that your skin has been badly damaged by ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun, tanning beds, or both. Once skin becomes this badly damaged, you have a greater risk of developing: […] The right self-care can reduce these risks and help you find skin cancer early when its highly treatable. […] Here’s the self-care that dermatologists recommend for their patients who have AKs. […] Protecting your skin from the sun can help prevent new actinic keratosis from developing. […] If you’ve had AKs, protecting your skin from the sun every day can prevent new AKs and skin cancer. […] Regularly checking your skin can help catch skin cancer early, when its highly treatable. […] Keeping every appointment helps to find skin cancer early when its highly treatable.

• #5 Actinic Keratosis: Risk Factors, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14148-actinic-keratosis

  The best way to prevent actinic keratosis is to avoid prolonged UV exposure. […] You can protect your skin by: […] Applying sunscreen every day, even in cloudy weather or during winter, and re-applying often at least every two hours. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least 30 sun protection factor (SPF) that blocks both UVA and UVB light. […] Avoiding sun exposure when UV light is most intense, between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. […] Avoiding tanning salons, sun lamps and tanning beds. […] Wearing sun-safe clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts, long pants and hats. […] You can lower your risk of actinic keratosis by protecting your skin from sun exposure and ultraviolet light.

• #6 Actinic Keratosis: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-actinic-keratosis-basics

  The best way to prevent actinic keratoses is to protect your skin from UV exposure. […] To do that: […] Avoid the sun during peak hours, about 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. […] Seek the shade outdoors. […] Wear clothing that covers your arms and legs, along with sunglasses and a broad-brimmed hat. […] Use sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher, applying it at least 15 to 30 minutes before going outside. […] Choose a sunscreen that’s labeled broad-spectrum, with UVA and UVB protection. […] Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours when outdoors, even on cloudy days, and more often if you’re sweating or swimming. […] Avoid tanning salons, sunlamps, and tanning beds. […] Remember that it’s light from the sun that can be dangerous, so you can be at risk even when the temperature is mild.

• #7 Actinic Keratosis

  https://www.skincancer.net.au/actinic-keratosis

  Actinic Keratosis Prevention […] To prevent Actinic Keratosis make sure you follow the recommendations below: Seek the shade, especially between 10am and 3pm when UV levels are most intense […] Avoid sunburn by minimising sun exposure when the SunSmart UV Alert exceeds 3 and especially in the middle of the day in the warmer half of the year […] Avoid tanning and never use UV tanning beds […] Cover up with clothing, including a broad-brimmed hat and UV-blocking sunglasses […] Use Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 500mg twice a day unless contraindicated […] Use a broad spectrum (UVA/UVB) sunscreen with an SPF of 30+ or higher every day. For extended outdoor activity, use a water-resistant, broad spectrum (UVA/UVB) sunscreen with an SPF of 30+ or higher […] Apply sunscreen to your entire body 10 minutes before going outside. Reapply every two hours or immediately after swimming or excessive sweating, or towelling down

• #8 Actinic Keratosis (AK): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/actinic-keratosis-pro

  Actinic keratosis prevention […] It is important to educate patients that AKs can be reduced or delayed by use of sunscreens but, most importantly, by reducing sun exposure: […] Patients should limit all sun exposure, whether recreational or work-related. […] It is particularly important to avoid sun in tropical areas. […] It is best to seek shade, particularly when the sun is high between 11 am and 3 pm. […] For patients unable to avoid sun exposure, apply a sunscreen (sun protection factor (SPF) 30 or more) and wear protective clothing daily (for example, hats, long sleeves). […] Bald heads are a common site for AK and should be protected with a hat. […] AKs are a biological marker of sun damage and hence patients with AKs are at a greater risk of skin cancer than those with no AKs. […] Patients with AKs also need to be educated on self-monitoring and the need to seek a medical opinion if they detect new lesions or changes in old lesions on their skin.

• #9 Actinic keratosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinic_keratosis

  Ultraviolet radiation is believed to contribute to the development of actinic keratoses by inducing mutations in epidermal keratinocytes, leading to proliferation of atypical cells. Therefore, preventive measures for AKs are targeted at limiting exposure to solar radiation, including: […] Limiting extent of sun exposure […] Avoid sun exposure during noontime hours between 10:00 AM and 2:00 PM when UV light is most powerful […] Minimize all time in the sun, since UV exposure occurs even in the winter and on cloudy days. […] Using sun protection […] Applying sunscreens with SPF ratings 30 or greater that also block both UVA and UVB light, at least every 2 hours and after swimming or sweating […] Applying sunscreen at least 15 minutes before going outside, as this allows time for the sunscreen to be absorbed appropriately by the skin

• #10 Actinic Keratosis: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-actinic-keratosis-basics

  The best way to prevent actinic keratoses is to protect your skin from UV exposure. […] To do that: […] Avoid the sun during peak hours, about 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. […] Seek the shade outdoors. […] Wear clothing that covers your arms and legs, along with sunglasses and a broad-brimmed hat. […] Use sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher, applying it at least 15 to 30 minutes before going outside. […] Choose a sunscreen that’s labeled broad-spectrum, with UVA and UVB protection. […] Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours when outdoors, even on cloudy days, and more often if you’re sweating or swimming. […] Avoid tanning salons, sunlamps, and tanning beds. […] Remember that it’s light from the sun that can be dangerous, so you can be at risk even when the temperature is mild.

• #11 Actinic Keratosis

  https://myaspenderm.com/services/medical/actinic-keratosis/

  Because individuals who have had an actinic keratosis are more likely to have another lesion of this type and are also at greater risk of developing a squamous cell carcinoma, they should always opt to have full body checks with their dermatologist at regular intervals. […] Patients who have been treated for this condition should also avoid sunlight as much as possible. When they are exposed to the sun, they should be careful to wear adequate protection, including sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, protective sunglasses, long sleeves and long pants whenever possible, and wide-brimmed hats. […] They should also, of course, avoid tanning parlors.

• #12 Actinic keratosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinic_keratosis

  Wearing sun protective clothing such as hats, sunglasses, long-sleeved shirts, long skirts, or trousers. Consider taking 10 micrograms of vitamin D a day if you always cover up outdoors. This is because you may not get enough vitamin D from sunlight. […] Recent research implicating human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of AKs suggests that HPV prevention might in turn help prevent development of AKs, as UV-induced mutations and oncogenic transformation are likely facilitated in cases of active HPV infection. A key component of HPV prevention includes vaccination, and the CDC currently recommends routine vaccination in all children at age 11 or 12. […] There are some data that in individuals with a history of non-melanoma skin cancer, a low-fat diet can serve as a preventative measure against future actinic keratoses.

• #13 Actinic Keratosis: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-actinic-keratosis-basics

  The best way to prevent actinic keratoses is to protect your skin from UV exposure. […] To do that: […] Avoid the sun during peak hours, about 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. […] Seek the shade outdoors. […] Wear clothing that covers your arms and legs, along with sunglasses and a broad-brimmed hat. […] Use sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher, applying it at least 15 to 30 minutes before going outside. […] Choose a sunscreen that’s labeled broad-spectrum, with UVA and UVB protection. […] Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours when outdoors, even on cloudy days, and more often if you’re sweating or swimming. […] Avoid tanning salons, sunlamps, and tanning beds. […] Remember that it’s light from the sun that can be dangerous, so you can be at risk even when the temperature is mild.

• #14 Actinic Keratosis Treatment, Removal & Prevention – Near Chicago, IL

  https://www.advdermatology.com/skin-concerns/skin-cancer/actinic-keratosis/

  Actinic keratoses (AK), also known as solar keratoses, are rough, scaly patches on the skin caused by damage from the suns ultraviolet (UV) radiation. […] Prevention and early treatment of actinic keratoses is essential to reduce the risk of skin cancer and improve overall skin health. […] Prevention measures include: Wearing protective clothing and using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher, Limiting exposure to UV radiation, especially during peak sun hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.), Seeking shade when possible, Wearing a hat and sunglasses, Regularly examining the skin for new or changing patches. […] Prescription anti-cancer creams such as 5-Fluorouracil (Efudex, Carac) and imiquimod (Zyclara) are highly effective, you can use them at home on your own, and they do not leave scars. […] Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the outcome and prognosis for those affected by actinic keratoses.

• #15 Actinic Keratoses | Strimling Dermatology, Laser & Vein Institute

  https://www.vegasdermatology.net/services/actinic-keratoses

  Strimling Dermatology, Laser Vein Institute of Summerlin, Las Vegas specializes in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of actinic keratoses in an effort to prevent future skin cancer transformation. […] Prevention of AKs involves reducing your skins exposure to UV rays by staying out of the sun, or using sunscreen when in the sun. Also, examine your skin monthly for suspicious/changing or new skin growths and get examined by one of our dermatologists periodically and as needed. […] Other helpful sun protection tips include: limit your sun exposure from 10 am to 4 pm, wear sun-protective clothing, including a wide-brimmed hat, use a SPF 30 or sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB rays, re-apply sunscreen after sweating or swimming, avoid tanning booths or sunlamps.

• #16 Actinic keratosis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000827.htm

  The best way to lower your risk for actinic keratosis and skin cancer is to learn how to protect your skin from sun and ultraviolet (UV) light. […] Things you can do to lower your exposure to sunlight include: […] Wear clothing such as hats, long-sleeved shirts, long skirts, or pants. […] Try to avoid being in the sun during midday, when ultraviolet light is most intense. […] Use high-quality sunscreens, preferably with a sun protection factor (SPF) rating of at least 30. Pick a broad-spectrum sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB light. […] Apply sunscreen before going out into the sun, and reapply often — at least every 2 hours while in the sun. […] Use sunscreen year-round, including in the winter. […] Avoid sun lamps, tanning beds, and tanning salons. […] Sun exposure is stronger in or near surfaces that reflect light, such as water, sand, snow, concrete, and areas painted white. […] Sunlight is more intense at the beginning of the summer. […] Skin burns faster at higher altitudes.

• #17 Actinic keratosis: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/actinic-keratosis-treatment

  If you find a spot or growth on your skin that you think could be an actinic keratosis (AK), its time for a thorough skin exam. Should you have an AK, an accurate diagnosis and treatment can: […] Reduce your risk of developing skin cancer […] Help ease symptoms, such as itch, pain, or tenderness. […] If you have one or more AKs, your dermatologist will talk with you about whether to treat these precancerous skin growths. Usually, treatment is recommended. […] The advantage of using a medication to treat your AKs is that the medication can treat many AKs, including the ones you cannot see yet. Using this approach can reduce your risk of developing new AKs and possibly skin cancer. […] Self-care also plays a key role in your outcome. The right self-care can help to prevent new AKs and skin cancer.

• #18 Prevention | Almirall

  https://www.almirall.co.uk/your-health/your-skin/skin-conditions/actinic-keratosis/prevention

  Ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted by the sun and other UV radiation sources is the main cause of actinic keratosis. Thus, adequate protection from this radiation is the best method to prevent the occurrence of actinic keratosis. […] Protecting yourself from the sun is essential to prevent the appearance of actinic keratosis and slow down progression. Following the following measures strictly is key to keeping actinic keratoses under control: Use sunscreen and clothing that covers your body. […] Avoid peak sun hours. […] Avoid artificial sunlight (sun beds/tanning salons). […] Check your skin at home and schedule an appointment with the dermatologist on a regular basis.

• #19 Solar Keratosis Prevention – Dr Davin Lim

  https://drdavinlim.com/solar-keratosis-prevention/

  Very important. Sunscreen reduces the rate of skin cancers plays an important role in preventing solar keratosis. Adequate frequent use of a broad-spectrum SPF can involute one quarter of sun spots. It is a fact. […] The simple explanation, two finger lengths of sunscreen twice a day, regardless of sun exposure. This covers the head neck. […] Antioxidants are the second layer of defence (after sunscreens). These compounds prevent damage to your DNA caused by reactive oxygen species, generated by UVR environmental pollutants. […] Retinoids have the most amount of evidence to reduce solar keratosis some forms of skin cancer, including IEC-Bowen disease. Oral retinoids are the most effective. Acitretin or oral isotretinoin (shorter half-life) is the drug of choice. […] Niacinamide or Vitamin B3 is an effective treatment for managing actinic or solar keratosis. It can reduce the burden of new sunspots reduce pre-existing ones by up to 35%. The ideal dose is 500 mg B3 twice a day. Oral vitamin B is more effective than topical niacinamide. […] The evidence of niacinamide vitamin B3 is solid, 500 mg twice a day can reduce the incidence of SCCs, BCCs involute over a third of actinic keratosis. Its a no brainer. Oral supplementation with antioxidants do no harm, more research is required to document the benefits.

• #20 Pharmacological Agents Used in the Prevention and Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: A Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4989

  While we acknowledge the essential role that sunscreen plays in the chemoprophylaxis against AKs, this section will focus on other commonly used pharmacologic chemoprotective interventions, namely oral/systemic nicotinamide, acitretin and topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). […] Nicotinamide has indeed been shown capable of enhancing repair of UV-mediated DNA damage in keratinocytes, reducing UV-mediated inflammation and protecting against UV-induced immunosuppression, all of which serve to limit the formation a pro-tumorigenic environment and solidify the drug’s potential as a favorable chemoprophylactic agent. […] A phase II dose-optimizing trial in 2012 determined that twice daily supplementation with nicotinamide 500 mg proved more effective at reducing AK counts with minimal reported ADRs compared to daily dosing.

• #21 Solar Keratosis Prevention – Dr Davin Lim

  https://drdavinlim.com/solar-keratosis-prevention/

  Solar Keratosis Prevention […] The use of sunscreen, topical retinoids, antioxidants including ascorbic, ferulic acid tocopherol can potentially reduce the formation of new sunspots. In many cases, some sunspots will involute without active treatment. Niacinamide or Vitamin B3 should be supplemented by all patients who are susceptible to skin cancers actinic keratosis. […] Up to 35% of sunspots can be treated with simple measures. Oral supplementation of vitamin B3 can cause involution of one third of solar keratosis. Sunscreen can spontaneously improve one quarter of solar keratosis. SPF niacinamide can markedly reduce the rate of some forms of skin cancers. […] It is never too late to look after your skin. Think of skin care as the equivalent of toothpaste for enamel health, it is about prevention. The use of scientifically proven skin care actives such as retinoids, ascorbic acid, glycolic acids, salicylic acids, ferulic acid niacinamide, tocopherol adequate sunscreen can reduce more than 25% of solar keratosis.

• #22 Actinic Keratosis Treatment, Symptoms, Causes & How to Remove

  https://www.medicinenet.com/actinic_keratosis/article.htm

  Actinic keratoses are localized superficial tumors with the biological potential to develop into invasive skin cancer. […] Treating actinic keratoses at an early stage will help prevent invasive skin cancer. […] Sun avoidance is the simplest way to avoid actinic keratoses. This would include applications of SPF 50 sunscreens to exposed skin, wearing sun-protective clothing, shade-seeking behavior, and avoiding tanning. […] There is now some evidence that taking niacinamide (nicotinamide), not niacin, may have some preventative benefit. […] Patients who develop actinic keratoses should be examined at least once yearly. […] The purpose of these regular checks is to prevent and detect the development of invasive skin cancer. […] Furthermore, continual avoidance of excessive sun exposure can decrease the risk of recurrences.

• #23

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3760934/

  Actinic keratosis is a common cause of dermatological consultations and it presents a strong association with squamous cell carcinoma. Many substances are used for treatment and prevention, such as retinoids. […] The majority of these papers pointed to a reduction in actinic keratosis count after treatment with retinoids. […] Blind, randomized and controlled clinical trials with adequate sample sizes, specifically focused on actinic keratosis, are needed to clarify the real benefit of topical and/or oral retinoids. Comparison of efficacy and safety between oral and topical retinoids in the prevention and treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers and actinic keratosis is an essential pre requisite to establish new strategies to control these conditions. […] The aim of most studies on chemoprevention with retinoids has been the prevention or treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers (SCC and basal cell carcinoma – BCC).

• #24 Solar Keratosis Prevention – Dr Davin Lim

  https://drdavinlim.com/solar-keratosis-prevention/

  Solar Keratosis Prevention […] The use of sunscreen, topical retinoids, antioxidants including ascorbic, ferulic acid tocopherol can potentially reduce the formation of new sunspots. In many cases, some sunspots will involute without active treatment. Niacinamide or Vitamin B3 should be supplemented by all patients who are susceptible to skin cancers actinic keratosis. […] Up to 35% of sunspots can be treated with simple measures. Oral supplementation of vitamin B3 can cause involution of one third of solar keratosis. Sunscreen can spontaneously improve one quarter of solar keratosis. SPF niacinamide can markedly reduce the rate of some forms of skin cancers. […] It is never too late to look after your skin. Think of skin care as the equivalent of toothpaste for enamel health, it is about prevention. The use of scientifically proven skin care actives such as retinoids, ascorbic acid, glycolic acids, salicylic acids, ferulic acid niacinamide, tocopherol adequate sunscreen can reduce more than 25% of solar keratosis.

• #25 Solar Keratosis Prevention – Dr Davin Lim

  https://drdavinlim.com/solar-keratosis-prevention/

  Very important. Sunscreen reduces the rate of skin cancers plays an important role in preventing solar keratosis. Adequate frequent use of a broad-spectrum SPF can involute one quarter of sun spots. It is a fact. […] The simple explanation, two finger lengths of sunscreen twice a day, regardless of sun exposure. This covers the head neck. […] Antioxidants are the second layer of defence (after sunscreens). These compounds prevent damage to your DNA caused by reactive oxygen species, generated by UVR environmental pollutants. […] Retinoids have the most amount of evidence to reduce solar keratosis some forms of skin cancer, including IEC-Bowen disease. Oral retinoids are the most effective. Acitretin or oral isotretinoin (shorter half-life) is the drug of choice. […] Niacinamide or Vitamin B3 is an effective treatment for managing actinic or solar keratosis. It can reduce the burden of new sunspots reduce pre-existing ones by up to 35%. The ideal dose is 500 mg B3 twice a day. Oral vitamin B is more effective than topical niacinamide. […] The evidence of niacinamide vitamin B3 is solid, 500 mg twice a day can reduce the incidence of SCCs, BCCs involute over a third of actinic keratosis. Its a no brainer. Oral supplementation with antioxidants do no harm, more research is required to document the benefits.

• #26 Pharmacological Agents Used in the Prevention and Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: A Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4989

  The most recent literature regarding acitretin chemoprophylaxis against AK has been focused on the SOTR population. […] For decades, acitretin has been commonly used for the prevention of KCs in this demographic. […] A recent efficacy and cost analysis review of acitretin chemoprophylaxis in SCC and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) revealed a 54% and 73% reduction in both cancers, respectively, and suggested that acitretin may be underutilized due to its significant cost, teratogenic risk and the need for regular blood test monitoring. […] 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a thymidylate synthase inhibitor used in pathologies necessitating apoptosis of rapidly dividing cells. […] The Veterans Affairs Keratinocyte Carcinoma Chemoprevention (VAKCC) trial published in 2015 demonstrated that a single course of 5-FU 5% cream applied twice daily for up to 4 weeks on the face and ears decreased the incidence of new AKs for over two years. […] Nevertheless, 5-FU, alongside nicotinamide and acitretin, are viable and generally tolerable chemoprophylactic options for dermatologists seeking to impede AK development and progression.

• #27

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3760934/

  Synthetic retinoids have been shown to be effective in reducing AKs and inhibiting the development of cancer. […] The advantage of using topical retinoids is systemic toxicity avoidance, although there may be local adverse effects which vary with drug concentration. Good results are obtained in treatment and chemoprevention of AKs in immunocompetent patients, particularly with topical tretinoin and isotretinoin, which is why the eligible population for topical retinoids are immunocompetent in most of the studies. […] In our opinion, blind, randomized and controlled trials with adequate sample sizes aimed specifically at actinic keratoses, are needed to clarify the real benefit of topical and/or oral retinoids.

• #28 Pharmacological Agents Used in the Prevention and Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: A Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4989

  The most recent literature regarding acitretin chemoprophylaxis against AK has been focused on the SOTR population. […] For decades, acitretin has been commonly used for the prevention of KCs in this demographic. […] A recent efficacy and cost analysis review of acitretin chemoprophylaxis in SCC and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) revealed a 54% and 73% reduction in both cancers, respectively, and suggested that acitretin may be underutilized due to its significant cost, teratogenic risk and the need for regular blood test monitoring. […] 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a thymidylate synthase inhibitor used in pathologies necessitating apoptosis of rapidly dividing cells. […] The Veterans Affairs Keratinocyte Carcinoma Chemoprevention (VAKCC) trial published in 2015 demonstrated that a single course of 5-FU 5% cream applied twice daily for up to 4 weeks on the face and ears decreased the incidence of new AKs for over two years. […] Nevertheless, 5-FU, alongside nicotinamide and acitretin, are viable and generally tolerable chemoprophylactic options for dermatologists seeking to impede AK development and progression.

• #29 Actinic keratoses – a guide to treatment with 5-fluorouracil cream | Medicine Today

  https://medicinetoday.com.au/mt/supplements/regular-series/actinic-keratoses-guide-treatment-5fluorouracil-cream

  Actinic keratosis (AK), also known as solar keratosis, is one of the most common skin conditions in Australia. The greatest risk factor for the development of AK is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, predominantly from sunlight. Sun protection measures, such as physical barriers and sunscreen, are essential in preventing the development of AKs. […] A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 932 patients compared twice daily application of topical 5-FU 5% cream or a control cream to the face and ears for four weeks. The 5-FU group had fewer AKs (3 vs 8.1, p0.001) six months after starting treatment and for the entire study duration (mean follow-up duration 2.6 years), a higher 100% lesion clearance rate at six months (38% vs 17%, p0.01), needed fewer spot treatments at each six-month visit, and developed fewer hypertrophic AKs than the control group. By extension, it is assumed the reduction in AK numbers translates to an overall lower risk of SCC development.

• #30 Actinic keratoses – a guide to treatment with 5-fluorouracil cream | Medicine Today

  https://medicinetoday.com.au/mt/supplements/regular-series/actinic-keratoses-guide-treatment-5fluorouracil-cream

  Actinic keratosis (AK), also known as solar keratosis, is one of the most common skin conditions in Australia. The greatest risk factor for the development of AK is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, predominantly from sunlight. Sun protection measures, such as physical barriers and sunscreen, are essential in preventing the development of AKs. […] A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 932 patients compared twice daily application of topical 5-FU 5% cream or a control cream to the face and ears for four weeks. The 5-FU group had fewer AKs (3 vs 8.1, p0.001) six months after starting treatment and for the entire study duration (mean follow-up duration 2.6 years), a higher 100% lesion clearance rate at six months (38% vs 17%, p0.01), needed fewer spot treatments at each six-month visit, and developed fewer hypertrophic AKs than the control group. By extension, it is assumed the reduction in AK numbers translates to an overall lower risk of SCC development.

• #31 Solar Keratosis Prevention – Dr Davin Lim

  https://drdavinlim.com/solar-keratosis-prevention/

  Solar Keratosis Prevention […] The use of sunscreen, topical retinoids, antioxidants including ascorbic, ferulic acid tocopherol can potentially reduce the formation of new sunspots. In many cases, some sunspots will involute without active treatment. Niacinamide or Vitamin B3 should be supplemented by all patients who are susceptible to skin cancers actinic keratosis. […] Up to 35% of sunspots can be treated with simple measures. Oral supplementation of vitamin B3 can cause involution of one third of solar keratosis. Sunscreen can spontaneously improve one quarter of solar keratosis. SPF niacinamide can markedly reduce the rate of some forms of skin cancers. […] It is never too late to look after your skin. Think of skin care as the equivalent of toothpaste for enamel health, it is about prevention. The use of scientifically proven skin care actives such as retinoids, ascorbic acid, glycolic acids, salicylic acids, ferulic acid niacinamide, tocopherol adequate sunscreen can reduce more than 25% of solar keratosis.

• #32 Actinic keratosis: causes, symptoms and prevention – Pharcos

  https://www.pharcos.com/en/actinic-keratosis-causes-symptoms-and-prevention/

  To reduce the risk of developing actinic keratosis, it may also be useful to supplement certain substances that can counteract the harmful effects of sun exposure, such as: Vitamin C and E: as already seen, these powerful antioxidants help neutralise free radicals generated by sun exposure […] Green tea polyphenols: have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can protect the skin from UV damage and improve its elasticity […] Polypodium leucotomos, a tropical fern whose extract is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and photoprotective properties. It also improves the skins resistance to sun damage, increasing its natural defences against UV damage and reducing the formation of erythema and other acute reactions.

• #33

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13555-020-00425-4

  Field cancerization (FC) is a chronic disease involving multiple clinical and subclinical actinic keratoses (AK) on large photo-exposed surfaces with multifocal areas of dysplasia and precancerous changes. […] Management of actinic keratoses includes lesion-directed treatments, such as cryotherapy and field-directed therapies. Field-directed therapies may have the potential to address subclinical damage, reduce AK recurrence rates and potentially reduce the risk of squamous cell carcinoma development. […] Medical devices, such as sunscreens containing liposome-encapsulated DNA repair enzymes, can repair DNA damage associated with chronic UV radiation and reduce the number of new AK lesions. […] The first step in the management of the patient with multiple actinic keratoses (AK) and field cancerization (FC) is rigorous sun protection.

• #34

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13555-020-00425-4

  Sunscreens should contain liposomal DNA-photolyase and high UVA and UVB protection filters to reduce subclinical FC. […] Prevention using oral or topical therapies should be considered, especially in high-risk patients. It is crucial to prescribe adequate photoprotection, such as sunscreens containing liposome-encapsulated DNA repair enzymes, and to perform field-directed therapies to properly treat FC.

• #35 Prevention Strategies in Patients affected by Actinic Keratosis o

  https://www.longdom.org/open-access/prevention-strategies-in-patients-affected-by-actinic-keratosis-of-the-head-a-12month-prospective-assessorblinded-controlled-study-95126.html

  An effective sun protection strategy should address to reduce the oxidative stress at skin level and to reduce the DNA damage. Sunscreens containing DNA repair enzymes and antioxidants in addition to the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) can considered as a kind of medicalized photoprotection or active photoprotection reversing the UV-induced specific damage to keratinocyte DNA. […] The present study has demonstrated that PLE extract-based photoprotection significantly improves AKASI score in subjects after cryotherapy treatment in comparison with controls.

• #36 Actinic keratosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinic_keratosis

  Wearing sun protective clothing such as hats, sunglasses, long-sleeved shirts, long skirts, or trousers. Consider taking 10 micrograms of vitamin D a day if you always cover up outdoors. This is because you may not get enough vitamin D from sunlight. […] Recent research implicating human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of AKs suggests that HPV prevention might in turn help prevent development of AKs, as UV-induced mutations and oncogenic transformation are likely facilitated in cases of active HPV infection. A key component of HPV prevention includes vaccination, and the CDC currently recommends routine vaccination in all children at age 11 or 12. […] There are some data that in individuals with a history of non-melanoma skin cancer, a low-fat diet can serve as a preventative measure against future actinic keratoses.

• #37

  https://sunsaferx.com/blogs/health-wellness/actinic-keratosis-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOooH4Y-FeqOst_d5k3fIC44eOCkpl92PmR7Qx6iM9wk03zYY5-Sw

  The leading cause of actinic keratosis is prolonged, accumulated sun exposure. Prevention is based on limiting your time in the sun and covering your skin to prevent UV exposure. […] Limit your sun exposure during this time. […] Wearing protective clothing during sun exposure is recommended, including hats, pants or long skirts, long-sleeved shirts, and sunglasses. […] Application of sunscreen lotion with SPF of at least 30 which can block or absorb UVB (and some UVA) is also encouraged. […] There are quite a few natural ingredients in the foods we eat that help us better handle sun exposure. […] HPV prevention (via the vaccine for younger individuals) has also been shown to help prevent the development of AK later in life. […] Because the leading cause of developing actinic keratosis is exposure to UV light, the first measure of prevention is to limit the amount of time spent in the sun or in tanning beds. Take particular care to avoid sun exposure when the sun is at its highest in the middle of the day. Wear sunscreen lotion and protective clothing as needed. And consider taking an oral antioxidant supplement.

• #38 Actinic keratosis: Self-care

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/actinic-keratosis-self-care

  Having just one actinic keratosis (AK) means that your skin has been badly damaged by ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun, tanning beds, or both. Once skin becomes this badly damaged, you have a greater risk of developing: […] The right self-care can reduce these risks and help you find skin cancer early when its highly treatable. […] Here’s the self-care that dermatologists recommend for their patients who have AKs. […] Protecting your skin from the sun can help prevent new actinic keratosis from developing. […] If you’ve had AKs, protecting your skin from the sun every day can prevent new AKs and skin cancer. […] Regularly checking your skin can help catch skin cancer early, when its highly treatable. […] Keeping every appointment helps to find skin cancer early when its highly treatable.

• #39 Actinic Keratosis Treatment

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/actinic-keratosis/actinic-keratosis-treatment-options/

  If you have one or more actinic keratoses (AKs), it’s a sign of skin damage that puts you at a high risk for developing skin cancer. Identifying and treating these precancerous lesions helps you reduce that risk. […] After treatment, perform self-exams and visit your dermatologist at recommended intervals to screen for AKs and check for skin cancers.

• #40 Actinic keratosis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/actinic-keratosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354969

  Avoid tanning beds. The UV exposure from a tanning bed can cause just as much skin damage as a tan from the sun. […] Check your skin regularly and report changes to your health care provider. Examine your skin regularly, looking for the development of new skin growths or changes in existing moles, freckles, bumps and birthmarks.

• #41 Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis) Condition, Treatments and Pictures for Adults – Skinsight

  https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/actinic-keratosis-solar-keratosis/

  Actinic keratoses, also known as solar keratoses, are small rough, scaly, slightly raised areas of skin (papules) that usually occur in body locations that have been chronically exposed to the sun. […] Because of this risk, it is important to perform self-examinations regularly and get them treated by a medical professional early. […] Prevention is very important. Sun protection can reduce the number of new actinic keratoses from occurring and may help small lesions go away on their own. […] Avoid direct sun in the middle of the day (10 AM to 3 PM). […] Wear a hat with a wide brim. […] Cover up with tightly woven clothing. […] Use sunscreen on all exposed skin areas, including the lips, before going outdoors. […] Avoid using tanning beds. […] Perform a self-exam regularly to look for signs of skin cancer.

• #42 Actinic Keratoses – Premier Medical Group

  https://www.premiermedicalhv.com/divisions/services/actinic-keratoses/

  Actinic keratosis can also be referred to as senile keratosis or solar keratosis. […] Reducing exposure to sunlight is the primary method of actinic keratosis prevention. Following actinic keratosis prevention can also reduce chances of developing skin cancer. Here are some ways to reduce exposure to sunlight: avoid tanning beds, avoid midday sun exposure (this is when the sun is the brightest), wear long sleeves and a hat when out in bright sunlight, use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. […] It is especially important to look for skin growths or development on the ears, neck, face, and tops or undersides of the arms and hands.

• #43 Actinic Keratosis | Gainesville Dermatology & Skin Surgery

  https://www.gainesvilledermatologyskinsurgery.com/actinic-keratosis/

  Cover up. When outdoors, wear tightly woven clothing that does not permit the sun to reach your skin. Additionally, wear broad brim hats, which provide more protection for your shoulders, neck, and ears than baseball caps or visors. […] Do not use tanning beds. While tanning beds may be marketed as a healthier option, this is not true. Tanning beds still expose your skin to UV rays, which are responsible for the development of actinic keratosis and skin cancers. […] Check your skin regularly. When it comes to catching skin cancer early, you are on the frontline. Be sure to regularly check your skin for any changes to moles, freckles, bumps, birthmarks, or any new marks or spots. Use a mirror to check hard-to-see areas such as your scalp, neck, ears, and face. You should also examine the tops and undersides of your arms and hands.

• #44 Actinic keratosis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/actinic-keratosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354975

  Even after treatment for actinic keratosis, your health care provider might suggest that you have your skin checked at least once a year for signs of skin cancer. […] It’s hard to tell which actinic keratoses will develop into skin cancer, so they’re usually removed as a precaution. […] Your health care provider might apply a light-sensitive chemical solution to the affected skin and then expose it to a special light that will destroy the actinic keratosis. […] Do you protect your skin from UV radiation when you go outdoors?

• #45 Actinic Keratosis FAQs | Schwarz Dermatology PLLC

  https://www.schwarzderm.com/actinic-keratosis-faqs.php

  Safety requires that the patient who has had an actinic keratosis should stay out of the sun as much as possible. […] When sun exposure is unavoidable, the individual should wear adequate protection, including sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, sunglasses, long sleeves and pants whenever possible, and wide-brimmed hats. […] The most important preventative technique is that individuals prone to actinic keratosis should have routine examinations, full body checks, by their dermatologists at recommended intervals.

• #46 Actinic keratosis: Causes and prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318466

  Actinic keratosis is a precancerous growth on the skin that forms due to long-term exposure to UV light. It is also known as solar keratosis. […] The main methods of prevention of actinic keratosis are through lifestyle changes. A person should take proper precautions when outside, such as: wearing sunscreen daily, avoiding prolonged sun exposure, covering up their skin when in direct sunlight. […] It is also important to remember that this condition may occur from any UV light source, including indoor tanning beds. […] A person can ensure the timely diagnosis and treatment of actinic keratosis by regularly checking their skin for symptoms and contacting a healthcare professional if they discover any changes. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of actinic keratoses can prevent them from developing into skin cancer.

• #47 Actinic Keratosis

  https://www.skincancer.net.au/actinic-keratosis

  Keep newborns out of the sun. Sunscreens should be used on babies over the age of six months […] Examine your skin head-to-toe every month looking for unique changes. […] If you see unique changes anywhere and of any kind, keep an eye on it and if it continues to change for more than 2-3 weeks the notify the Bondi Junction Skin Cancer Clinic without delay. Annual Skin Check and Digital Mole Mapping […] If you have Actinic Keratoses you are at increased risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and all other forms of skin cancer – including Melanoma.

• #48 Actinic Keratoses

  https://www.northshorederm.com/actinic-keratoses

  Actinic Keratosis (AK) is a scaly spot found on sun-damaged skin. Also known as solar keratosis, it is a precancerous or an early form of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. […] Many patients who get Actinic Keratosis have fair skin. Most people see their first Actinic Keratoses after 40 years of age because Actinic Keratoses tend to develop after years of sun exposure. Actinic Keratoses usually form on the parts of the body that get a lot of sun exposure, such as the head, neck, hands, and forearms. Because it can progress to a type of skin cancer called Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), treatment is important. […] Left untreated, Actinic Keratosis may turn into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. Untreated lesions have up to a 20% risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma. […] We can treat Actinic Keratosis before they become skin cancer. Also, regular visits allow our doctors to catch and treat Actinic Keratosis that becomes skin cancer. […] Screening for Skin Cancer is an essential step in prevention.

• #49 Actinic Keratoses – Canadian Dermatology Association

  https://dermatology.ca/public-patients/diseases-conditions/skin-conditions/actinic-keratoses/

  While an actinic keratosis is not a skin cancer, it is precancerous. If left untreated, it can develop into squamous cell carcinoma. […] Guidelines published in 2015 for Canadian doctors recommend that all actinic keratoses be treated, since it is impossible to predict which ones will develop into skin cancer. […] Protect your skin from the sun. Studies have shown that regular use of sunscreen even on cloudy days can treat pre-existing actinic keratoses and help prevent actinic keratoses from forming. It is recommended that you use sunscreen that is broad-spectrum with an SPF of 30+. […] Other sun safety precautions include: staying in the shade, wearing a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses and sun-protective clothing as well as avoiding the sun from 10am to 4pm when the rays are the strongest. Patients with evidence of photodamage or a history of actinic keratosis should be regularly monitored for new lesions.

• #50 Treatment Options for Actinic Keratoses | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0901/p667.html

  Actinic keratoses should be treated because of their potential to progress to squamous cell carcinomas. […] The most compelling reason for treatment is to prevent squamous cell carcinomas. […] Actinic keratoses may be treated for cosmetic reasons or for relief of associated symptoms, but the most compelling reason for treatment is to prevent squamous cell carcinomas.

• #51 Actinic Keratosis Treatment as a Key Component of Preventive Strategies for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/actinic-keratosis-treatment-as-a-key-component-of-preventive-strategies-for-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/

  Actinic keratosis is responsible for more than eight million visits to dermatologists and primary care physicians annually. Actinic keratosis, the result of chronic sun damage to the skin, is closely linked to nonmelanoma skin cancer, both histologically and pathophysiologically. The treatment of actinic keratosis is evolving from a treat-as-you-go strategy to a more preventive approach to curtail the potential emergence of nonmelanoma skin cancer. […] Treating actinic keratosis as part of a preventive strategy to reduce nonmelanoma skin cancer is coming to the forefront. […] The following key clinical points emerge when discussing AK and NMSC: 1) the risk of AK progression to SCC or BCC has been well documented, 2) a number of factors may predict the risk of AK progression to malignancy, and 3) the concept of AK as a form of SCC is becoming more accepted, but still critically debated. Predicting which AK will progress to NMSC is not possible; therefore, treating all AKs is essential to minimize the risk of NMSC.

• #52 Actinic Keratosis Treatment as a Key Component of Preventive Strategies for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/actinic-keratosis-treatment-as-a-key-component-of-preventive-strategies-for-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/

  Primary prevention of ongoing ultraviolet-induced genetic damage is vital to reduce the development of AK and NMSC. […] Preventive approaches for decreasing AKs and their associated risk of malignant transformation has gained attention. […] Clinical medical societies have endorsed this principle by recommending early treatment of all AKs to reduce the potential for transformation and progression to NMSC. […] Early treatment of AK has been recommended to reduce the potential for progression toward malignant disease.

• #53 Actinic keratosis: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/actinic-keratosis-treatment

  If you find a spot or growth on your skin that you think could be an actinic keratosis (AK), its time for a thorough skin exam. Should you have an AK, an accurate diagnosis and treatment can: […] Reduce your risk of developing skin cancer […] Help ease symptoms, such as itch, pain, or tenderness. […] If you have one or more AKs, your dermatologist will talk with you about whether to treat these precancerous skin growths. Usually, treatment is recommended. […] The advantage of using a medication to treat your AKs is that the medication can treat many AKs, including the ones you cannot see yet. Using this approach can reduce your risk of developing new AKs and possibly skin cancer. […] Self-care also plays a key role in your outcome. The right self-care can help to prevent new AKs and skin cancer.

• #54 Actinic keratoses (AKs) Treatment McKinney, TX | Solar Keratoses

  https://www.bluebonnetderm.com/actinic-keratoses/

  Actinic keratoses (AKs) are pre-cancers. […] Actinic keratoses often affect people who have lived in the tropics or subtropics and/or have predisposing factors such as: […] AKs are caused by sun damage. […] The main concern with AKs is their tendency to develop into more serious squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). […] Treatment generally involves cryotherapy to remove the damaged skin cells, which are generally located in the epidermis layer. […] Other treatments can involve surgical excision (cutting and removing), chemical peels, or cauterizing (burning).

• #55 Treating Actinic Keratosis | Treating Bowen Disease | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/treating/actinic-keratosis.html

  Actinic keratosis (AK) is often treated because it might turn into squamous cell skin cancer. But because this risk is low, treatments are generally aimed at avoiding scars or other disfiguring marks as much as possible. […] Treatment options for actinic keratosis depend on several factors, including the number and location of the tumors, a persons preferences, and which treatments are available to them. […] Often, people have several AKs in the same area of sun-damaged skin. In these situations, treatments are typically aimed at the whole area (known as field-directed therapies). Treatment options include topical creams, gels, or ointments such as fluorouracil (5-FU), tirbanibulin, imiquimod, or diclofenac. These treatments destroy the affected area of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, which usually cures actinic keratosis. Other local treatments such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), laser surgery, or chemical peeling might also be options.

• #56 Actinic Keratoses Treatments – Medical Clinical Policy Bulletins | Aetna

  https://www.aetna.com/cpb/medical/data/500_599/0567.html

  Several studies have demonstrated an association between the presence of AKs and the development of SCCs, and 2 studies suggest a progression rate of 1 to 2 SCCs per 1,000 AKs. […] Treatment for AKs involves selectively destroying skin lesions (growths) without harming the surrounding skin tissue. […] Various options exist for managing AKs, and clinicians may consider several factors to determine the most appropriate management strategy, including size, location or growth pattern of the lesion, patient preference, and patient medical history. […] The British Association of Dermatologists proposes in its clinical practice guidelines the use of only PDT with aminolevulinic acid (PTAA) or methyl aminolevulinate (PTMA) in patients with multiple AK lesions that do not respond to standard cryotherapy or 5-FU treatment.

• #57 Actinic keratoses (AKs) Treatment McKinney, TX | Solar Keratoses

  https://www.bluebonnetderm.com/actinic-keratoses/

  Actinic keratoses (AKs) are pre-cancers. […] Actinic keratoses often affect people who have lived in the tropics or subtropics and/or have predisposing factors such as: […] AKs are caused by sun damage. […] The main concern with AKs is their tendency to develop into more serious squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). […] Treatment generally involves cryotherapy to remove the damaged skin cells, which are generally located in the epidermis layer. […] Other treatments can involve surgical excision (cutting and removing), chemical peels, or cauterizing (burning).

• #58 Treating Actinic Keratosis | Treating Bowen Disease | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/treating/actinic-keratosis.html

  Actinic keratosis (AK) is often treated because it might turn into squamous cell skin cancer. But because this risk is low, treatments are generally aimed at avoiding scars or other disfiguring marks as much as possible. […] Treatment options for actinic keratosis depend on several factors, including the number and location of the tumors, a persons preferences, and which treatments are available to them. […] Often, people have several AKs in the same area of sun-damaged skin. In these situations, treatments are typically aimed at the whole area (known as field-directed therapies). Treatment options include topical creams, gels, or ointments such as fluorouracil (5-FU), tirbanibulin, imiquimod, or diclofenac. These treatments destroy the affected area of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, which usually cures actinic keratosis. Other local treatments such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), laser surgery, or chemical peeling might also be options.

• #59 Actinic keratoses (AKs) Treatment McKinney, TX | Solar Keratoses

  https://www.bluebonnetderm.com/actinic-keratoses/

  Actinic keratoses (AKs) are pre-cancers. […] Actinic keratoses often affect people who have lived in the tropics or subtropics and/or have predisposing factors such as: […] AKs are caused by sun damage. […] The main concern with AKs is their tendency to develop into more serious squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). […] Treatment generally involves cryotherapy to remove the damaged skin cells, which are generally located in the epidermis layer. […] Other treatments can involve surgical excision (cutting and removing), chemical peels, or cauterizing (burning).

• #60

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13555-020-00425-4

  Field cancerization (FC) is a chronic disease involving multiple clinical and subclinical actinic keratoses (AK) on large photo-exposed surfaces with multifocal areas of dysplasia and precancerous changes. […] Management of actinic keratoses includes lesion-directed treatments, such as cryotherapy and field-directed therapies. Field-directed therapies may have the potential to address subclinical damage, reduce AK recurrence rates and potentially reduce the risk of squamous cell carcinoma development. […] Medical devices, such as sunscreens containing liposome-encapsulated DNA repair enzymes, can repair DNA damage associated with chronic UV radiation and reduce the number of new AK lesions. […] The first step in the management of the patient with multiple actinic keratoses (AK) and field cancerization (FC) is rigorous sun protection.

• #61 Topical treatment helps prevent actinic keratosis from developing into skin cancer – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/topical-treatment-helps-prevent-actinic-keratosis-from-developing-into-skin-cancer-2019053016725

  Actinic keratoses are small, red, scaly spots that can feel like dry, sandpapery skin. […] If left untreated, some actinic keratoses can develop into squamous cell skin cancers. […] This seminal study highlights the important role of field-directed treatment of actinic keratosis in decreasing a person’s risk of developing squamous cell skin cancers. […] If you have multiple actinic keratoses, speak to your dermatologist to determine which treatment is the right choice for you.

• #62 SciELO Brazil – Actinic keratoses: review of clinical, dermoscopic, and therapeutic aspects^, Actinic keratoses: review of clinical, dermoscopic, and therapeutic aspects^,

  https://www.scielo.br/j/abd/a/KNfmyRfzPpytwPWZnTrK8Br/

  Actinic keratoses are dysplastic proliferations of keratinocytes with potential for malignant transformation. […] Ultraviolet radiation is the main factor involved in pathogenesis, but individual factors also play a role in the predisposing to lesions appearance. […] The risk of transformation into squamous cell carcinoma is the major concern regarding actinic keratoses. […] Therapeutic modalities for actinic keratoses include topical medications, and ablative and surgical methods; the best treatment option should always be individualized according to the patient. […] Considering that actinic keratoses are potentially associated to malignant transformation and that it is not possible to predict which lesions it will occur, all lesions should be treated. […] Some practices are essential in the management of patients with actinic keratoses: (1) regular total body skin examination, (2) assessment of the presence and treatment of field cancerization, (3) focused ablative methods for hyperkeratotic lesions or similar, (4) patient education regarding the chronic course of actinic keratoses, the need for photoprotection, and frequent treatments, and (5) regular skin self-examination by the patient. […] All patients with actinic keratosis should be advised regarding physical photoprotection and the use of sunscreens as an adjuvant to the treatment, and to prevent the onset of new lesions, regardless the type of treatment proposed.

• #63 SciELO Brazil – Actinic keratoses: review of clinical, dermoscopic, and therapeutic aspects^, Actinic keratoses: review of clinical, dermoscopic, and therapeutic aspects^,

  https://www.scielo.br/j/abd/a/KNfmyRfzPpytwPWZnTrK8Br/

  Actinic keratoses are dysplastic proliferations of keratinocytes with potential for malignant transformation. […] Ultraviolet radiation is the main factor involved in pathogenesis, but individual factors also play a role in the predisposing to lesions appearance. […] The risk of transformation into squamous cell carcinoma is the major concern regarding actinic keratoses. […] Therapeutic modalities for actinic keratoses include topical medications, and ablative and surgical methods; the best treatment option should always be individualized according to the patient. […] Considering that actinic keratoses are potentially associated to malignant transformation and that it is not possible to predict which lesions it will occur, all lesions should be treated. […] Some practices are essential in the management of patients with actinic keratoses: (1) regular total body skin examination, (2) assessment of the presence and treatment of field cancerization, (3) focused ablative methods for hyperkeratotic lesions or similar, (4) patient education regarding the chronic course of actinic keratoses, the need for photoprotection, and frequent treatments, and (5) regular skin self-examination by the patient. […] All patients with actinic keratosis should be advised regarding physical photoprotection and the use of sunscreens as an adjuvant to the treatment, and to prevent the onset of new lesions, regardless the type of treatment proposed.

• #64 Actinic Keratosis (AK): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/actinic-keratosis-pro

  Actinic keratosis prevention […] It is important to educate patients that AKs can be reduced or delayed by use of sunscreens but, most importantly, by reducing sun exposure: […] Patients should limit all sun exposure, whether recreational or work-related. […] It is particularly important to avoid sun in tropical areas. […] It is best to seek shade, particularly when the sun is high between 11 am and 3 pm. […] For patients unable to avoid sun exposure, apply a sunscreen (sun protection factor (SPF) 30 or more) and wear protective clothing daily (for example, hats, long sleeves). […] Bald heads are a common site for AK and should be protected with a hat. […] AKs are a biological marker of sun damage and hence patients with AKs are at a greater risk of skin cancer than those with no AKs. […] Patients with AKs also need to be educated on self-monitoring and the need to seek a medical opinion if they detect new lesions or changes in old lesions on their skin.

• #65 Actinic Keratosis

  https://www.skincancer.net.au/actinic-keratosis

  Keep newborns out of the sun. Sunscreens should be used on babies over the age of six months […] Examine your skin head-to-toe every month looking for unique changes. […] If you see unique changes anywhere and of any kind, keep an eye on it and if it continues to change for more than 2-3 weeks the notify the Bondi Junction Skin Cancer Clinic without delay. Annual Skin Check and Digital Mole Mapping […] If you have Actinic Keratoses you are at increased risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and all other forms of skin cancer – including Melanoma.

• #66 Actinic keratosis: Self-care

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/actinic-keratosis-self-care

  Having just one actinic keratosis (AK) means that your skin has been badly damaged by ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun, tanning beds, or both. Once skin becomes this badly damaged, you have a greater risk of developing: […] The right self-care can reduce these risks and help you find skin cancer early when its highly treatable. […] Here’s the self-care that dermatologists recommend for their patients who have AKs. […] Protecting your skin from the sun can help prevent new actinic keratosis from developing. […] If you’ve had AKs, protecting your skin from the sun every day can prevent new AKs and skin cancer. […] Regularly checking your skin can help catch skin cancer early, when its highly treatable. […] Keeping every appointment helps to find skin cancer early when its highly treatable.

• #67 ACTINIC KERATOSIS – Office Instructions – Chester Miltenberger MD PA

  https://ehr.wrshealth.com/patient_v2/instructions.php?id=2425855&iid=4161

  Cover up. For extra protection from the sun, wear tightly woven clothing that covers your arms and legs. Also wear a broad-brimmed hat, which provides more protection than does a baseball cap or golf visor. You might also consider wearing clothing or outdoor gear specially designed to provide sun protection. […] Avoid tanning beds and tan-accelerating agents. Tanning beds emit ultraviolet A (UVA) rays, which are often touted as less dangerous than are ultraviolet B (UVB) rays. But UVA light penetrates deeper into your skin, causes actinic keratoses and increases your risk of skin cancer. Sunless tanning lotions or bronzing lotions that produce a tanned look without sun exposure are a safe choice, if you continue to use sunscreen when outdoors. […] Check your skin regularly and report changes to your doctor. Examine your skin regularly, looking for the development of new skin growths or changes in existing moles, freckles, bumps and birthmarks. With the help of mirrors, check your face, neck, ears and scalp. Examine the tops and undersides of your arms and hands.

• #68 Actinic Keratosis: Treating a Potential Malignancy

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/actinic-keratosis-treating-a-potential-malignancy

  Limiting exposure to the sun is helpful in preventing the development and recurrence of actinic keratosis, which, as previously mentioned, is considered a precancerous condition. The following is a synopsis of detailed tips for prevention of actinic keratosis that can be found at the Web site in the accompanying box, Resource for the Patient, and given at WebMD: […] Use sunscreen every day; it should block ultraviolet rays (both UVA and UVB) and have a sun protection factor of at least 15 […] Cover up by wearing protective clothing and sunglasses that block UV rays […] Avoid tanning beds, sunlamps, and tan-accelerating agents […] Check skin regularly and report changes for evaluation by a doctor. […] Pharmacists have a role in the identification, treatment, and prevention of actinic keratosis. Becoming familiar with the risk factors and physical characteristics of actinic keratosis lesions, including signs and symptoms, is just a start. Provision of thorough counseling regarding significant treatment reactions and outcomes, and detailed prevention techniques, is an integral component of the pharmaceutical care of patients with this precancerous condition.

• #69 Actinic Keratosis: Treating a Potential Malignancy

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/actinic-keratosis-treating-a-potential-malignancy

  Limiting exposure to the sun is helpful in preventing the development and recurrence of actinic keratosis, which, as previously mentioned, is considered a precancerous condition. The following is a synopsis of detailed tips for prevention of actinic keratosis that can be found at the Web site in the accompanying box, Resource for the Patient, and given at WebMD: […] Use sunscreen every day; it should block ultraviolet rays (both UVA and UVB) and have a sun protection factor of at least 15 […] Cover up by wearing protective clothing and sunglasses that block UV rays […] Avoid tanning beds, sunlamps, and tan-accelerating agents […] Check skin regularly and report changes for evaluation by a doctor. […] Pharmacists have a role in the identification, treatment, and prevention of actinic keratosis. Becoming familiar with the risk factors and physical characteristics of actinic keratosis lesions, including signs and symptoms, is just a start. Provision of thorough counseling regarding significant treatment reactions and outcomes, and detailed prevention techniques, is an integral component of the pharmaceutical care of patients with this precancerous condition.

• #70 Actinic Keratosis on the Face: Signs, Causes, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer/actinic-keratosis-face

  You can take steps to prevent actinic keratoses from appearing in the first place. Preventing these lesions becomes especially important if you have risk factors like pale skin or immunodeficiency. […] A few basic tips to prevent actinic keratosis include: […] Buy quality sunscreen: Look for sunscreen with broad-spectrum UV protection and an SPF of 30 or higher. […] Wear protective clothing: Cover your face with a wide-brimmed hat or visor. You may want to consider also wearing wraparound-style sunglasses. […] Take advantage of the shade: The suns rays reach their greatest strength between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., so try to find tree cover or a nice beach umbrella during those times. […] Check your skin regularly: Its wise to pay attention to new marks or spots that just wont go away. Dont forget to check the sides of your face, too not just the front. […] Even if you already have a few spots, preventing future actinic keratoses can still lower your cancer risk. […] Its also a good idea to consider visiting a dermatologist at least once a year to monitor your skin health and any new spots or moles.

• #71 Actinic Keratoses – Skin Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/sunlight-and-skin-damage/actinic-keratoses

  Actinic keratoses (solar keratoses) are precancerous growths caused by long-term sun exposure. […] People should take precautions to minimize the damaging effects of the sun (see sunburn prevention). Damage that is already done is difficult to reverse. […] Actinic keratoses can progress to squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer. […] In addition to many years of sun exposure, other risk factors for actinic keratoses include older age, an impaired immune system, blond or red hair, blue eyes, and skin type I or II.

• #72 Actinic Keratosis

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/actinic-keratosis/

  Actinic keratosis (AK) is the most common precancer that forms on skin damaged by chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun and/or indoor tanning. Solar keratosis is another name for the condition. […] AKs result from long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This means that if you already have an AK, you are likely to develop more actinic keratoses (plural) in the future. This puts you at a higher risk for skin cancer, since AKs can develop into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a common and sometimes invasive form of the disease. […] If detected early, actinic keratoses can be treated before they develop into skin cancer. […] It’s best to diagnose and treat AKs early, before they become cancerous. This is especially true for AKs that arise on the head or neck, where skin cancers may be more aggressive. […] Protect yourself to help prevent further sun damage. Seek shade and protect your skin against UV exposure every day, even when it’s cloudy, using broad-spectrum sunscreen and sun safe clothing, hats and eyewear. Avoid indoor tanning entirely and do not get sunburned.

• #73 Actinic Keratosis on the Face: Signs, Causes, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer/actinic-keratosis-face

  You can take steps to prevent actinic keratoses from appearing in the first place. Preventing these lesions becomes especially important if you have risk factors like pale skin or immunodeficiency. […] A few basic tips to prevent actinic keratosis include: […] Buy quality sunscreen: Look for sunscreen with broad-spectrum UV protection and an SPF of 30 or higher. […] Wear protective clothing: Cover your face with a wide-brimmed hat or visor. You may want to consider also wearing wraparound-style sunglasses. […] Take advantage of the shade: The suns rays reach their greatest strength between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., so try to find tree cover or a nice beach umbrella during those times. […] Check your skin regularly: Its wise to pay attention to new marks or spots that just wont go away. Dont forget to check the sides of your face, too not just the front. […] Even if you already have a few spots, preventing future actinic keratoses can still lower your cancer risk. […] Its also a good idea to consider visiting a dermatologist at least once a year to monitor your skin health and any new spots or moles.

• #74 Actinic Keratoses

  https://www.northshorederm.com/actinic-keratoses

  Actinic Keratosis (AK) is a scaly spot found on sun-damaged skin. Also known as solar keratosis, it is a precancerous or an early form of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. […] Many patients who get Actinic Keratosis have fair skin. Most people see their first Actinic Keratoses after 40 years of age because Actinic Keratoses tend to develop after years of sun exposure. Actinic Keratoses usually form on the parts of the body that get a lot of sun exposure, such as the head, neck, hands, and forearms. Because it can progress to a type of skin cancer called Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), treatment is important. […] Left untreated, Actinic Keratosis may turn into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. Untreated lesions have up to a 20% risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma. […] We can treat Actinic Keratosis before they become skin cancer. Also, regular visits allow our doctors to catch and treat Actinic Keratosis that becomes skin cancer. […] Screening for Skin Cancer is an essential step in prevention.

• #75 Actinic Keratoses – Canadian Dermatology Association

  https://dermatology.ca/public-patients/diseases-conditions/skin-conditions/actinic-keratoses/

  While an actinic keratosis is not a skin cancer, it is precancerous. If left untreated, it can develop into squamous cell carcinoma. […] Guidelines published in 2015 for Canadian doctors recommend that all actinic keratoses be treated, since it is impossible to predict which ones will develop into skin cancer. […] Protect your skin from the sun. Studies have shown that regular use of sunscreen even on cloudy days can treat pre-existing actinic keratoses and help prevent actinic keratoses from forming. It is recommended that you use sunscreen that is broad-spectrum with an SPF of 30+. […] Other sun safety precautions include: staying in the shade, wearing a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses and sun-protective clothing as well as avoiding the sun from 10am to 4pm when the rays are the strongest. Patients with evidence of photodamage or a history of actinic keratosis should be regularly monitored for new lesions.

• #76 Actinic keratoses (Solar keratosis): Diagnosis and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/actinic-keratosis

  Actinic keratoses are prevented by strict sun protection. If already present, actinic keratoses may improve with a very high sun protection factor (50+) broad-spectrum sunscreen applied at least daily to affected areas, year-round. […] The number and severity of actinic keratoses can also be reduced by taking nicotinamide (vitamin B3) 500 mg twice daily. […] Standard HPV vaccination (alphapapillomavirus) may reduce the number and grade of actinic keratoses.

• #77 Actinic Keratoses

  https://www.northshorederm.com/actinic-keratoses

  Actinic Keratosis (AK) is a scaly spot found on sun-damaged skin. Also known as solar keratosis, it is a precancerous or an early form of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. […] Many patients who get Actinic Keratosis have fair skin. Most people see their first Actinic Keratoses after 40 years of age because Actinic Keratoses tend to develop after years of sun exposure. Actinic Keratoses usually form on the parts of the body that get a lot of sun exposure, such as the head, neck, hands, and forearms. Because it can progress to a type of skin cancer called Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), treatment is important. […] Left untreated, Actinic Keratosis may turn into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. Untreated lesions have up to a 20% risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma. […] We can treat Actinic Keratosis before they become skin cancer. Also, regular visits allow our doctors to catch and treat Actinic Keratosis that becomes skin cancer. […] Screening for Skin Cancer is an essential step in prevention.

• #78 Actinic Keratosis

  https://www.skincancer.net.au/actinic-keratosis

  Actinic Keratosis Prevention […] To prevent Actinic Keratosis make sure you follow the recommendations below: Seek the shade, especially between 10am and 3pm when UV levels are most intense […] Avoid sunburn by minimising sun exposure when the SunSmart UV Alert exceeds 3 and especially in the middle of the day in the warmer half of the year […] Avoid tanning and never use UV tanning beds […] Cover up with clothing, including a broad-brimmed hat and UV-blocking sunglasses […] Use Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 500mg twice a day unless contraindicated […] Use a broad spectrum (UVA/UVB) sunscreen with an SPF of 30+ or higher every day. For extended outdoor activity, use a water-resistant, broad spectrum (UVA/UVB) sunscreen with an SPF of 30+ or higher […] Apply sunscreen to your entire body 10 minutes before going outside. Reapply every two hours or immediately after swimming or excessive sweating, or towelling down

• #79 Preventing actinic keratosis and non-melanoma skin cancer

  https://oncologybuddies.com/2022/10/01/preventing-actinic-keratosis-and-non-melanoma-skin-cancer/

  Studies have shown that nicotinamide (vit B3) taken orally is safe and effective in reducing the rates of NMSC and AK in high-risk patients. It boosts cellular energy in photo-damaged skin, encourages DNA repair and has anti-inflammatory effects. However, its important to take it at the correct dosage: 500mg both in the morning and the evening to get the desired benefits. At this dosage the side effects are virtually nil.

• #80 Pharmacological Agents Used in the Prevention and Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: A Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4989

  The most recent literature regarding acitretin chemoprophylaxis against AK has been focused on the SOTR population. […] For decades, acitretin has been commonly used for the prevention of KCs in this demographic. […] A recent efficacy and cost analysis review of acitretin chemoprophylaxis in SCC and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) revealed a 54% and 73% reduction in both cancers, respectively, and suggested that acitretin may be underutilized due to its significant cost, teratogenic risk and the need for regular blood test monitoring. […] 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a thymidylate synthase inhibitor used in pathologies necessitating apoptosis of rapidly dividing cells. […] The Veterans Affairs Keratinocyte Carcinoma Chemoprevention (VAKCC) trial published in 2015 demonstrated that a single course of 5-FU 5% cream applied twice daily for up to 4 weeks on the face and ears decreased the incidence of new AKs for over two years. […] Nevertheless, 5-FU, alongside nicotinamide and acitretin, are viable and generally tolerable chemoprophylactic options for dermatologists seeking to impede AK development and progression.

• #81 Actinic keratoses – a guide to treatment with 5-fluorouracil cream | Medicine Today

  https://medicinetoday.com.au/mt/supplements/regular-series/actinic-keratoses-guide-treatment-5fluorouracil-cream

  Some patients with actinic damage may need to apply a yearly field treatment of 5-FU on their most sun damaged areas, such as the scalp. This is often done during winter, when patients are able to avoid sun exposure more easily. […] After treatment patients should avoid UV radiation, such as sunlight or tanning salons, to prevent a diffuse phototoxic response.

• #82 How to Remove Actinic Keratosis at Home: 5 Options

  https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer/how-to-remove-actinic-keratosis-at-home

  Actinic keratosis can eventually develop into skin cancer. Thats what makes it so important to connect with a dermatologist if you believe you could have actinic keratosis. […] You can lower your risk of developing actinic keratoses by reducing sun exposure and using sunscreen every day. […] Self-care strategies cant replace professional treatment from a dermatologist, but they may help keep actinic keratosis lesions from getting worse or coming back. […] Pratt also notes that some studies suggest an antioxidant-rich diet may help prevent actinic keratosis.

• #83 How to Remove Actinic Keratosis at Home: 5 Options

  https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer/how-to-remove-actinic-keratosis-at-home

  Actinic keratosis can eventually develop into skin cancer. Thats what makes it so important to connect with a dermatologist if you believe you could have actinic keratosis. […] You can lower your risk of developing actinic keratoses by reducing sun exposure and using sunscreen every day. […] Self-care strategies cant replace professional treatment from a dermatologist, but they may help keep actinic keratosis lesions from getting worse or coming back. […] Pratt also notes that some studies suggest an antioxidant-rich diet may help prevent actinic keratosis.

• #84 Actinic keratosis: causes, symptoms and prevention – Pharcos

  https://www.pharcos.com/en/actinic-keratosis-causes-symptoms-and-prevention/

  To reduce the risk of developing actinic keratosis, it may also be useful to supplement certain substances that can counteract the harmful effects of sun exposure, such as: Vitamin C and E: as already seen, these powerful antioxidants help neutralise free radicals generated by sun exposure […] Green tea polyphenols: have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can protect the skin from UV damage and improve its elasticity […] Polypodium leucotomos, a tropical fern whose extract is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and photoprotective properties. It also improves the skins resistance to sun damage, increasing its natural defences against UV damage and reducing the formation of erythema and other acute reactions.

• #85 Actinic keratosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinic_keratosis

  Wearing sun protective clothing such as hats, sunglasses, long-sleeved shirts, long skirts, or trousers. Consider taking 10 micrograms of vitamin D a day if you always cover up outdoors. This is because you may not get enough vitamin D from sunlight. […] Recent research implicating human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of AKs suggests that HPV prevention might in turn help prevent development of AKs, as UV-induced mutations and oncogenic transformation are likely facilitated in cases of active HPV infection. A key component of HPV prevention includes vaccination, and the CDC currently recommends routine vaccination in all children at age 11 or 12. […] There are some data that in individuals with a history of non-melanoma skin cancer, a low-fat diet can serve as a preventative measure against future actinic keratoses.

• #86 Actinic keratosis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/actinic-keratosis

  The best way to lower your risk for actinic keratosis and skin cancer is to learn how to protect your skin from sun and ultraviolet (UV) light. […] Things you can do to lower your exposure to sunlight include: […] Wear clothing such as hats, long-sleeved shirts, long skirts, or pants. […] Try to avoid being in the sun during midday, when ultraviolet light is most intense. […] Use high-quality sunscreens, preferably with a sun protection factor (SPF) rating of at least 30. Pick a broad-spectrum sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB light. […] Apply sunscreen before going out into the sun, and reapply often — at least every 2 hours while in the sun. […] Use sunscreen year-round, including in the winter. […] Avoid sun lamps, tanning beds, and tanning salons. […] Other things to know about sun exposure: […] Sun exposure is stronger in or near surfaces that reflect light, such as water, sand, snow, concrete, and areas painted white. […] Sunlight is more intense at the beginning of the summer. […] Skin burns faster at higher altitudes.

• #87

  https://sunsaferx.com/blogs/health-wellness/actinic-keratosis-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOooH4Y-FeqOst_d5k3fIC44eOCkpl92PmR7Qx6iM9wk03zYY5-Sw

  The leading cause of actinic keratosis is prolonged, accumulated sun exposure. Prevention is based on limiting your time in the sun and covering your skin to prevent UV exposure. […] Limit your sun exposure during this time. […] Wearing protective clothing during sun exposure is recommended, including hats, pants or long skirts, long-sleeved shirts, and sunglasses. […] Application of sunscreen lotion with SPF of at least 30 which can block or absorb UVB (and some UVA) is also encouraged. […] There are quite a few natural ingredients in the foods we eat that help us better handle sun exposure. […] HPV prevention (via the vaccine for younger individuals) has also been shown to help prevent the development of AK later in life. […] Because the leading cause of developing actinic keratosis is exposure to UV light, the first measure of prevention is to limit the amount of time spent in the sun or in tanning beds. Take particular care to avoid sun exposure when the sun is at its highest in the middle of the day. Wear sunscreen lotion and protective clothing as needed. And consider taking an oral antioxidant supplement.

• #88 How to Remove Actinic Keratosis at Home: 5 Options

  https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer/how-to-remove-actinic-keratosis-at-home

  Actinic keratosis can eventually develop into skin cancer. Thats what makes it so important to connect with a dermatologist if you believe you could have actinic keratosis. […] You can lower your risk of developing actinic keratoses by reducing sun exposure and using sunscreen every day. […] Self-care strategies cant replace professional treatment from a dermatologist, but they may help keep actinic keratosis lesions from getting worse or coming back. […] Pratt also notes that some studies suggest an antioxidant-rich diet may help prevent actinic keratosis.

• #89 Actinic Keratosis: Risk Factors, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14148-actinic-keratosis

  The best way to prevent actinic keratosis is to avoid prolonged UV exposure. […] You can protect your skin by: […] Applying sunscreen every day, even in cloudy weather or during winter, and re-applying often at least every two hours. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least 30 sun protection factor (SPF) that blocks both UVA and UVB light. […] Avoiding sun exposure when UV light is most intense, between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. […] Avoiding tanning salons, sun lamps and tanning beds. […] Wearing sun-safe clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts, long pants and hats. […] You can lower your risk of actinic keratosis by protecting your skin from sun exposure and ultraviolet light.

• #90 Actinic keratoses (solar keratoses)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/actinic-keratoses/

  Actinic keratoses (also called solar keratoses) are dry, scaly patches of skin that have been damaged by the sun. It’s not usually serious, but there’s a small chance the patches could become skin cancer. Protecting your skin in the sun and watching out for changes can help. […] There are things you can do to stop your actinic keratoses patches getting worse and lower your chances of developing skin cancer. […] use sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30 before going out in the sun and reapply regularly. […] wear a hat and clothing that fully covers your arms and legs when you’re out in the sun. […] do not sunbathe. […] do not use sunlamps or sunbeds as these can also damage your skin. […] do not go into the sun between 11am and 3pm this is when the sun is at its strongest.

• #91

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/dermatology/actinic-keratosis

  Actinic keratosis treatment and prevention […] Its important to have a yearly exam to check for skin changes and signs of skin cancer, or squamous cell carcinoma even if youre not at high risk. Our dermatologists offer annual skin cancer checks and recommend that you also perform self-checks for skin cancer at least once a year. […] Here are the best ways to prevent actinic keratosis: […] Stay out of the sun as much as possible. […] Wear sunscreen whenever you go outdoors. […] Wear a hat and long sleeves as often as possible when youll be in the sun more than 15 minutes at a time. […] Avoid tanning beds.

• #92 Actinic Keratosis Treatment

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/actinic-keratosis/actinic-keratosis-treatment-options/

  If you have one or more actinic keratoses (AKs), it’s a sign of skin damage that puts you at a high risk for developing skin cancer. Identifying and treating these precancerous lesions helps you reduce that risk. […] After treatment, perform self-exams and visit your dermatologist at recommended intervals to screen for AKs and check for skin cancers.

• #93 Treatment Options for Actinic Keratoses | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0901/p667.html

  Actinic keratoses should be treated because of their potential to progress to squamous cell carcinomas. […] The most compelling reason for treatment is to prevent squamous cell carcinomas. […] Actinic keratoses may be treated for cosmetic reasons or for relief of associated symptoms, but the most compelling reason for treatment is to prevent squamous cell carcinomas.

• #94 Actinic Keratosis Treatment as a Key Component of Preventive Strategies for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/actinic-keratosis-treatment-as-a-key-component-of-preventive-strategies-for-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/

  Primary prevention of ongoing ultraviolet-induced genetic damage is vital to reduce the development of AK and NMSC. […] Preventive approaches for decreasing AKs and their associated risk of malignant transformation has gained attention. […] Clinical medical societies have endorsed this principle by recommending early treatment of all AKs to reduce the potential for transformation and progression to NMSC. […] Early treatment of AK has been recommended to reduce the potential for progression toward malignant disease.

• #95 Solar Keratosis Prevention – Dr Davin Lim

  https://drdavinlim.com/solar-keratosis-prevention/

  Very important. Sunscreen reduces the rate of skin cancers plays an important role in preventing solar keratosis. Adequate frequent use of a broad-spectrum SPF can involute one quarter of sun spots. It is a fact. […] The simple explanation, two finger lengths of sunscreen twice a day, regardless of sun exposure. This covers the head neck. […] Antioxidants are the second layer of defence (after sunscreens). These compounds prevent damage to your DNA caused by reactive oxygen species, generated by UVR environmental pollutants. […] Retinoids have the most amount of evidence to reduce solar keratosis some forms of skin cancer, including IEC-Bowen disease. Oral retinoids are the most effective. Acitretin or oral isotretinoin (shorter half-life) is the drug of choice. […] Niacinamide or Vitamin B3 is an effective treatment for managing actinic or solar keratosis. It can reduce the burden of new sunspots reduce pre-existing ones by up to 35%. The ideal dose is 500 mg B3 twice a day. Oral vitamin B is more effective than topical niacinamide. […] The evidence of niacinamide vitamin B3 is solid, 500 mg twice a day can reduce the incidence of SCCs, BCCs involute over a third of actinic keratosis. Its a no brainer. Oral supplementation with antioxidants do no harm, more research is required to document the benefits.

• #96 Preventing actinic keratosis and non-melanoma skin cancer

  https://oncologybuddies.com/2022/10/01/preventing-actinic-keratosis-and-non-melanoma-skin-cancer/

  Studies have shown that nicotinamide (vit B3) taken orally is safe and effective in reducing the rates of NMSC and AK in high-risk patients. It boosts cellular energy in photo-damaged skin, encourages DNA repair and has anti-inflammatory effects. However, its important to take it at the correct dosage: 500mg both in the morning and the evening to get the desired benefits. At this dosage the side effects are virtually nil.

• #97

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13555-020-00425-4

  Sunscreens should contain liposomal DNA-photolyase and high UVA and UVB protection filters to reduce subclinical FC. […] Prevention using oral or topical therapies should be considered, especially in high-risk patients. It is crucial to prescribe adequate photoprotection, such as sunscreens containing liposome-encapsulated DNA repair enzymes, and to perform field-directed therapies to properly treat FC.

• #98 Prevention Strategies in Patients affected by Actinic Keratosis o

  https://www.longdom.org/open-access/prevention-strategies-in-patients-affected-by-actinic-keratosis-of-the-head-a-12month-prospective-assessorblinded-controlled-study-95126.html

  An effective sun protection strategy should address to reduce the oxidative stress at skin level and to reduce the DNA damage. Sunscreens containing DNA repair enzymes and antioxidants in addition to the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) can considered as a kind of medicalized photoprotection or active photoprotection reversing the UV-induced specific damage to keratinocyte DNA. […] The present study has demonstrated that PLE extract-based photoprotection significantly improves AKASI score in subjects after cryotherapy treatment in comparison with controls.

• #99 SciELO Brazil – Actinic keratoses: review of clinical, dermoscopic, and therapeutic aspects^, Actinic keratoses: review of clinical, dermoscopic, and therapeutic aspects^,

  https://www.scielo.br/j/abd/a/KNfmyRfzPpytwPWZnTrK8Br/

  Actinic keratoses are dysplastic proliferations of keratinocytes with potential for malignant transformation. […] Ultraviolet radiation is the main factor involved in pathogenesis, but individual factors also play a role in the predisposing to lesions appearance. […] The risk of transformation into squamous cell carcinoma is the major concern regarding actinic keratoses. […] Therapeutic modalities for actinic keratoses include topical medications, and ablative and surgical methods; the best treatment option should always be individualized according to the patient. […] Considering that actinic keratoses are potentially associated to malignant transformation and that it is not possible to predict which lesions it will occur, all lesions should be treated. […] Some practices are essential in the management of patients with actinic keratoses: (1) regular total body skin examination, (2) assessment of the presence and treatment of field cancerization, (3) focused ablative methods for hyperkeratotic lesions or similar, (4) patient education regarding the chronic course of actinic keratoses, the need for photoprotection, and frequent treatments, and (5) regular skin self-examination by the patient. […] All patients with actinic keratosis should be advised regarding physical photoprotection and the use of sunscreens as an adjuvant to the treatment, and to prevent the onset of new lesions, regardless the type of treatment proposed.

• #100 Actinic keratosis: Causes and prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318466

  Actinic keratosis is a precancerous growth on the skin that forms due to long-term exposure to UV light. It is also known as solar keratosis. […] The main methods of prevention of actinic keratosis are through lifestyle changes. A person should take proper precautions when outside, such as: wearing sunscreen daily, avoiding prolonged sun exposure, covering up their skin when in direct sunlight. […] It is also important to remember that this condition may occur from any UV light source, including indoor tanning beds. […] A person can ensure the timely diagnosis and treatment of actinic keratosis by regularly checking their skin for symptoms and contacting a healthcare professional if they discover any changes. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of actinic keratoses can prevent them from developing into skin cancer.

• #101 Actinic Keratosis Treatment as a Key Component of Preventive Strategies for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/actinic-keratosis-treatment-as-a-key-component-of-preventive-strategies-for-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/

  Primary prevention of ongoing ultraviolet-induced genetic damage is vital to reduce the development of AK and NMSC. […] Preventive approaches for decreasing AKs and their associated risk of malignant transformation has gained attention. […] Clinical medical societies have endorsed this principle by recommending early treatment of all AKs to reduce the potential for transformation and progression to NMSC. […] Early treatment of AK has been recommended to reduce the potential for progression toward malignant disease.

Zobacz więcej