Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Actinic keratosis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/actinic-keratosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354969

  An actinic keratosis (ak-TIN-ik ker-uh-TOE-sis) is a rough, scaly patch on the skin that develops from years of sun exposure. It’s often found on the face, lips, ears, forearms, scalp, neck or back of the hands. […] Actinic keratoses are scaly spots or patches on the top layer of skin. With time they may become hard with a wartlike surface. […] Also known as a solar keratosis, an actinic keratosis grows slowly and usually first appears in people over 40. […] Left untreated, the risk of actinic keratoses turning into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma is about 5% to 10%. […] Symptoms include: Rough, dry or scaly patch of skin, usually less than 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in diameter; Flat to slightly raised patch or bump on the top layer of skin; In some cases, a hard, wartlike surface; Color variations, including pink, red or brown; Itching, burning, bleeding or crusting; New patches or bumps on sun-exposed areas of the head, neck, hands and forearms. […] If treated early, actinic keratosis can be cleared up or removed. If left untreated, some of these spots might progress to squamous cell carcinoma.

• #2 Actinic Keratosis: Risk Factors, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14148-actinic-keratosis

  Actinic keratosis (AK) causes rough, scaly skin patches. Left untreated, AK can lead to a skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. […] Actinic keratosis (AK) is a skin disorder that causes rough, scaly patches of skin. Another name for AK is solar keratosis. AK is a type of precancer, which means that if you dont treat the condition, it could turn into cancer. Without treatment, AK can lead to a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. […] About 58 million Americans have one or more spots of actinic keratosis. AK is the most common type of skin precancer. […] Usually, the first signs of actinic keratosis are rough, raised bumps on your skin. They can vary in color but often have a yellow or brown crust on top. […] Symptoms may also include: Bleeding. Burning, stinging or itching. Dry, scaly lips. Hornlike skin growths that stick out (like an animals horn). Loss of color in the lips. Pain or tenderness.

• #2 Actinic Keratoses

  https://www.lvscc.com/services/actinic-keratoses/

  Actinic keratosis (ak-TIN-ik ker-uh-TOE-sis) is a rough, scaly patch on the skin that develops from years of sun exposure. It’s often found on the face, lips, ears, forearms, scalp, neck, or back of the hands. […] Also known as a solar keratosis, an actinic keratosis grows slowly and usually first appears in people over 40. […] Left untreated, the risk of actinic keratoses turning into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma is about 5% to 10%. […] Actinic keratoses vary in appearance. Signs and symptoms include: Rough, dry or scaly patch of skin, usually less than 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in diameter; Flat to slightly raised patch or bump on the top layer of skin; In some cases, a hard, wartlike surface; Color variations, including pink, red or brown; Itching, burning, bleeding or crusting; New patches or bumps on sun-exposed areas of the head, neck, hands, and forearms.

• #3 Actinic keratoses (Solar keratosis): Diagnosis and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/actinic-keratosis

  Actinic keratosis is a precancerous scaly spot found on sun-damaged skin, also known as solar keratosis. It may be considered an early form of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (a keratinocyte cancer). […] Actinic keratosis may be solitary but there are often multiple keratoses. The appearance varies. […] Actinic keratoses are very common on sites repeatedly exposed to the sun, especially the backs of the hands and the face, most often affecting the ears, nose, cheeks, upper lip, vermilion of the lower lip, temples, forehead, and balding scalp. […] The main concern is that actinic keratoses indicate an increased risk of developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. It is rare for a solitary actinic keratosis to evolve to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but the risk of SCC occurring at some stage in a patient with more than 10 actinic keratoses is thought to be about 10 to 15%. A tender, thickened, ulcerated, or enlarging actinic keratosis is suspicious of evolution to SCC.

• #3 Actinic keratoses (solar keratoses)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/actinic-keratoses/

  Actinic keratoses (also called solar keratoses) are dry, scaly patches of skin that have been damaged by the sun. It’s not usually serious, but there’s a small chance the patches could become skin cancer. Protecting your skin in the sun and watching out for changes can help. […] Actinic keratoses patches: can feel dry, rough and scaly, or like sandpaper; are usually between 1cm and 2cm in size; can be the same colour as your skin, or range from pink to red to brown; may be itchy. […] The patches usually appear on areas of your body that are often exposed to the sun, such as your face, hands and arms, ears, scalp and legs. […] you notice new patches on your skin; the patches begin to bleed, get bigger, change colour, feel tender or develop into a lump; a patch appears on your lips. […] If you only have 1 actinic keratoses patch, a GP might suggest waiting to see if it goes away by itself. If you have more than 1 patch, or a patch is causing you problems such as pain and itchiness, treatment is usually recommended.

• #4 Actinic Keratosis Warning Signs and Images

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/actinic-keratosis/actinic-keratosis-warning-signs-and-images/

  Detecting an actinic keratosis (AK) early gives you the opportunity to treat the lesion and prevent skin cancer before it starts. […] Left untreated, some AKs may progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). […] AKs are often more easily felt than seen. Skin may feel dry and rough to the touch, or raw, sensitive and painful, or even itchy with a pricking or burning sensation. Some AKs look and feel inflamed. In rare instances, they may bleed or develop a persistent sore, also known as an ulceration. […] If you have a history of unprotected UV exposure, live in a sunny location or have other risk factors, be on the lookout for any unusual changes in your skin.

• #5 Actinic keratosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinic_keratosis

  Actinic keratosis (AK), sometimes called solar keratosis or senile keratosis, is a pre-cancerous area of thick, scaly, or crusty skin. Actinic keratosis is a disorder of epidermal keratinocytes that is induced by ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. These growths are more common in fair-skinned people and those who are frequently in the sun. They are believed to form when skin gets damaged by UV radiation from the sun or indoor tanning beds, usually over the course of decades. Given their pre-cancerous nature, if left untreated, they may turn into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. Untreated lesions have up to a 20% risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma, so treatment by a dermatologist is recommended. […] Actinic keratoses characteristically appear as thick, scaly, or crusty areas that often feel dry or rough. Size commonly ranges between 2 and 6 millimeters, but they can grow to be several centimeters in diameter. AKs are often felt before they are seen, and the texture is sometimes compared to sandpaper. They may be dark, light, tan, pink, red, a combination of all these, or have the same color as the surrounding skin.

• #6 Actinic keratosis: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/actinic-keratosis-symptoms

  An actinic keratosis (AK) develops when skin has been badly damaged by ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun or indoor tanning. […] Left untreated, some actinic keratoses (AKs) turn into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. […] A rough-feeling patch on skin that’s had lots of sun. You can often feel an AK before you see it. […] This man said that a small patch of skin on the back of his neck felt like sandpaper. Later, a visible AK appeared on his sandpaper-like patch of skin. […] One or more rough, scaly bumps that may look like pimples or spots of irritated skin. […] Many scaly, raised spots on the skin that may look like a rash or acne breakout. […] A raised, rough-feeling patch on your skin that may be red, pink, skin-colored, or gray. […] Flat, scaly area that looks like an age spot. AKs more commonly look like age spots in people who have skin of color.

• #7 Actinic Keratoses – Premier Medical Group

  https://www.premiermedicalhv.com/divisions/services/actinic-keratoses/

  Actinic keratosis is a skin disorder in which small, rough, scaly spots appear on the face, arms, hands, or scalp. The rough spots might present as irregular papules or plaques. They often appear on parts of the body that experience chronic sun exposure. The spots themselves are called actinic keratoses. Other names for actinic keratoses include age spots or sunspots. […] Actinic keratosis is not cancerous, though it can develop into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. About 10% of actinic keratosis can develop into squamous cell carcinoma. […] The symptoms of actinic keratosis present as actinic keratoses, a name for the spots. They are rough, discolored patches found on parts of the body that are usually in the sun. The skin might become scaly with yellow or white crust on top, and the actinic keratoses can change color over time. These patches of skin are typically about the size of a small pencil eraser. A person with actinic keratosis might experience burning or itching in these areas.

• #8 Actinic Keratoses

  https://www.lvscc.com/services/actinic-keratoses/

  Actinic keratosis (ak-TIN-ik ker-uh-TOE-sis) is a rough, scaly patch on the skin that develops from years of sun exposure. It’s often found on the face, lips, ears, forearms, scalp, neck, or back of the hands. […] Also known as a solar keratosis, an actinic keratosis grows slowly and usually first appears in people over 40. […] Left untreated, the risk of actinic keratoses turning into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma is about 5% to 10%. […] Actinic keratoses vary in appearance. Signs and symptoms include: Rough, dry or scaly patch of skin, usually less than 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in diameter; Flat to slightly raised patch or bump on the top layer of skin; In some cases, a hard, wartlike surface; Color variations, including pink, red or brown; Itching, burning, bleeding or crusting; New patches or bumps on sun-exposed areas of the head, neck, hands, and forearms.

• #9 Actinic keratoses (solar keratoses)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/actinic-keratoses/

  Actinic keratoses (also called solar keratoses) are dry, scaly patches of skin that have been damaged by the sun. It’s not usually serious, but there’s a small chance the patches could become skin cancer. Protecting your skin in the sun and watching out for changes can help. […] Actinic keratoses patches: can feel dry, rough and scaly, or like sandpaper; are usually between 1cm and 2cm in size; can be the same colour as your skin, or range from pink to red to brown; may be itchy. […] The patches usually appear on areas of your body that are often exposed to the sun, such as your face, hands and arms, ears, scalp and legs. […] you notice new patches on your skin; the patches begin to bleed, get bigger, change colour, feel tender or develop into a lump; a patch appears on your lips. […] If you only have 1 actinic keratoses patch, a GP might suggest waiting to see if it goes away by itself. If you have more than 1 patch, or a patch is causing you problems such as pain and itchiness, treatment is usually recommended.

• #10 Actinic keratoses (Solar keratosis): Diagnosis and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/actinic-keratosis

  Actinic keratosis is a precancerous scaly spot found on sun-damaged skin, also known as solar keratosis. It may be considered an early form of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (a keratinocyte cancer). […] Actinic keratosis may be solitary but there are often multiple keratoses. The appearance varies. […] Actinic keratoses are very common on sites repeatedly exposed to the sun, especially the backs of the hands and the face, most often affecting the ears, nose, cheeks, upper lip, vermilion of the lower lip, temples, forehead, and balding scalp. […] The main concern is that actinic keratoses indicate an increased risk of developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. It is rare for a solitary actinic keratosis to evolve to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but the risk of SCC occurring at some stage in a patient with more than 10 actinic keratoses is thought to be about 10 to 15%. A tender, thickened, ulcerated, or enlarging actinic keratosis is suspicious of evolution to SCC.

• #11 Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/actinic-keratosis-leaflet

  An actinic keratosis (also known as a solar keratosis) is the most common skin condition caused by sun damage. It is the result of skin being damaged by the sun over many years. Actinic keratoses are usually rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas such as the head and face. […] Actinic keratoses usually develop on areas of skin which have received a lot of sun exposure. Skin on the following areas is commonly affected: Face, Neck, Ears, Bald patches on the scalp, The backs of the hands. […] They may also appear in other areas (such as the back, chest and legs) in people who do a lot of sunbathing. There are usually no other symptoms. Rarely, there may be an itchy or prickling sensation from affected areas of skin. […] In people who have between seven and eight actinic keratoses on their skin, there is about a 1 in 10 chance that one will turn into a form of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) over a 10-year period.

• #12 Actinic Keratosis

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/actinic-keratosis/

  Actinic keratosis (AK) is the most common precancer that forms on skin damaged by chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun and/or indoor tanning. Solar keratosis is another name for the condition. […] AKs result from long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This means that if you already have an AK, you are likely to develop more actinic keratoses (plural) in the future. This puts you at a higher risk for skin cancer, since AKs can develop into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a common and sometimes invasive form of the disease. […] AKs often appear as small dry, scaly or crusty patches of skin. They may be red, light or dark tan, white, pink, flesh-toned or a combination of colors and are sometimes raised. Because of their rough texture, actinic keratoses are often easier to feel than see.

• #13 Actinic Keratoses

  https://texasdermatology.com/services/actinic-keratoses/

  Actinic keratosis is a skin condition characterized by one or more rough, scaly patches as a result of cumulative sun exposure. Actinic keratosis can occur on any part of the body, but it most often occurs in out-of-the-way areas where a person has omitted using sunblock. This includes the ears, lips, back of the neck or hands, or even the scalp. Actinic keratosis is sometimes called solar keratosis because it is caused by sun exposure. Those over the age of 40 are more apt to develop this condition since it occurs from the cumulative effects of UV light exposure. […] Though actinic keratosis can differ from one person to another, the signs and symptoms remain the same across the board. Typically, the most common signs and symptoms include a patch of skin that is dry, rough, or scaly. Most often, this patch of skin is less than one inch in diameter. Other symptoms include color variations such as brown, red, or pink, itching or burning, crusting or bleeding, a slightly-raised bump on the top layer of skin, and new patches on such sun-exposed areas as hands, neck, head, and forearms.

• #14 Actinic Keratosis: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-actinic-keratosis-basics

  An actinic keratosis is a rough, scaly patch on your skin caused by too much exposure to the ultraviolet rays of the sun or tanning devices. Actinic keratoses (the plural form) can also be called solar keratoses. It’s important to know about them because they can turn into skin cancers called squamous cell carcinomas. […] Actinic keratoses usually show up on areas of skin that get lots of sun exposure. That might include your: Face, Ears, Scalp, Hands, Legs, Arms. The first sign of an actinic keratosis is usually a raised, rough bump. The bump may be gray, pink, red, or the same color as your skin. It’s often covered by a yellow or brown crust. Sometimes it’s easier to feel than to see. It tends to feel like sandpaper. […] Symptoms might also include: Bleeding, Burning, Itching, Dry, scaly lips, Hornlike growths that stick out, Lost color in the lips, Pain or tenderness.

• #15 Actinic Keratosis Warning Signs and Images

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/actinic-keratosis/actinic-keratosis-warning-signs-and-images/

  Detecting an actinic keratosis (AK) early gives you the opportunity to treat the lesion and prevent skin cancer before it starts. […] Left untreated, some AKs may progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). […] AKs are often more easily felt than seen. Skin may feel dry and rough to the touch, or raw, sensitive and painful, or even itchy with a pricking or burning sensation. Some AKs look and feel inflamed. In rare instances, they may bleed or develop a persistent sore, also known as an ulceration. […] If you have a history of unprotected UV exposure, live in a sunny location or have other risk factors, be on the lookout for any unusual changes in your skin.

• #16 Actinic keratosis: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/actinic-keratosis-symptoms

  A dry, scaly lip that never heals (or heals and returns). […] Scaly, white patches on one (or both) lips. White patches on your lips can be a sign that you have a precancerous condition on your lips. […] Loss of color on one or both lips. […] Growth that looks like an animal’s horn. When an AK appears in this form, it often indicates that the person has a higher risk of developing a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. […] While most people see only a change to their skin, an AK can: Itch, Burn or sting, Feel tender or painful when touched, Stick to your clothing, causing discomfort, Bleed. […] If you find a change on your skin that could be an actinic keratosis, protect your health by seeing a board-certified dermatologist. Should that change be an AK, you have a greater risk of developing skin cancer.

• #17 Actinic Keratosis: Risk Factors, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14148-actinic-keratosis

  Actinic keratosis (AK) causes rough, scaly skin patches. Left untreated, AK can lead to a skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. […] Actinic keratosis (AK) is a skin disorder that causes rough, scaly patches of skin. Another name for AK is solar keratosis. AK is a type of precancer, which means that if you dont treat the condition, it could turn into cancer. Without treatment, AK can lead to a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. […] About 58 million Americans have one or more spots of actinic keratosis. AK is the most common type of skin precancer. […] Usually, the first signs of actinic keratosis are rough, raised bumps on your skin. They can vary in color but often have a yellow or brown crust on top. […] Symptoms may also include: Bleeding. Burning, stinging or itching. Dry, scaly lips. Hornlike skin growths that stick out (like an animals horn). Loss of color in the lips. Pain or tenderness.

• #18 Actinic Keratosis: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-actinic-keratosis-basics

  An actinic keratosis is a rough, scaly patch on your skin caused by too much exposure to the ultraviolet rays of the sun or tanning devices. Actinic keratoses (the plural form) can also be called solar keratoses. It’s important to know about them because they can turn into skin cancers called squamous cell carcinomas. […] Actinic keratoses usually show up on areas of skin that get lots of sun exposure. That might include your: Face, Ears, Scalp, Hands, Legs, Arms. The first sign of an actinic keratosis is usually a raised, rough bump. The bump may be gray, pink, red, or the same color as your skin. It’s often covered by a yellow or brown crust. Sometimes it’s easier to feel than to see. It tends to feel like sandpaper. […] Symptoms might also include: Bleeding, Burning, Itching, Dry, scaly lips, Hornlike growths that stick out, Lost color in the lips, Pain or tenderness.

• #19 Actinic keratoses Treatment Reading – Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Derma

  https://www.dermareading.co.uk/actinic-keratoses

  In some people, they may present as more sensitive areas of the skin, leading patients to say they are more easily felt than seen. The skin can often feel dry and rough to the touch; the area can be raw, sensitive and painful; and some patients describe the area as itchy, or as though they feel an intense pricking or burning sensation. […] Actinic keratoses patches can present as: red, pink, brown or almost perfectly match the skin tone; textured, rough, or scaly (like sandpaper); flat or stick out from the skin (may look like warts); thick skin; spiky or hornlike; relatively tiny, just few millimetres, to a few centimetres across; sore, itchy or inflamed. […] While on their own, actinic keratoses may not cause serious discomfort or otherwise impact an individuals life, they should be seen as a warning sign, as they can be a precursor to skin cancer. […] Patients with actinic keratoses should undergo follow-up appointments and contact their GP or dermatologist should new lesions, or suspicious growths present.

• #20 Actinic keratosis: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/actinic-keratosis-symptoms

  A dry, scaly lip that never heals (or heals and returns). […] Scaly, white patches on one (or both) lips. White patches on your lips can be a sign that you have a precancerous condition on your lips. […] Loss of color on one or both lips. […] Growth that looks like an animal’s horn. When an AK appears in this form, it often indicates that the person has a higher risk of developing a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. […] While most people see only a change to their skin, an AK can: Itch, Burn or sting, Feel tender or painful when touched, Stick to your clothing, causing discomfort, Bleed. […] If you find a change on your skin that could be an actinic keratosis, protect your health by seeing a board-certified dermatologist. Should that change be an AK, you have a greater risk of developing skin cancer.

• #21 Actinic Keratosis – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=actinic-keratosis-85-P01335

  Actinic keratoses (AKs) develop slowly in the top layer of skin. It mostly starts on skin thats often exposed to and damaged by the sun. This includes the face, ears, bald scalp, neck, backs of hands and forearms, and lips. The lesions tend to be flat patches on the skin of the head and neck. But they appear as bumps on the arms and hands. […] The base of an AK may be light or dark, tan, pink, red, or a combination of these. Or it may be the same color as the skin and a change you feel rather than see. The scale or crust may be horny, dry, and rough. In some cases, the lesion may itch or have a prickly or sore feeling. […] Sometimes the lesions come and go, often coming back after sun exposure. Often you will have more than one actinic keratosis lesion. […] Actinic keratoses that develop on the lip are called actinic cheilitis. They can cause the lips to crack and feel scaly, dry, and rough.

• #22 Actinic Keratoses

  https://dallasassocderm.com/services/actinic-keratoses/

  There are five different types of actinic keratosis: Hypertrophic, Atrophic, Bowenoid, Acantholytic, and Pigmented. Of these five, the hypertrophic and atrophic types are the most common. Also, studies have shown that for those individuals who suffer from hypertrophic actinic keratosis, there is a greater chance it may evolve into a form of cancer known as squamous cell carcinoma. […] When an actinic keratosis forms, it is most often due to a person being exposed to intense UV rays on a frequent basis. While most cases result from overexposure to the sun’s UV rays, many people with this condition have also exposed their skin to the intensity of tanning beds. While anyone can potentially get an actinic keratosis, some have certain risk factors that put them at even greater risk. These factors include: Having red or blond hair and either blue or light-colored eyes, Prior history of bad sunburns, Tendency to freckle or burn when exposed to sunlight, Aged 40 or older, Working primarily outdoors, Possessing a weakened immune system, Living in a sunny climate.

• #23 Actinic Keratoses | Pure Dermatology | Metairie, LA

  https://puredermnola.com/actinic-keratoses/

  When actinic keratoses occur on the lips, it is referred to as “actinic cheilitis.” Actinic cheilitis appears as if the bottom lip but not the top lip is chapped. This occurs because the bottom lip faces the sun whereas the upper lip faces downwards and away from the sun. The lips are more high risk of becoming squamous cell carcinoma so they are even more important to pay attention to and treat. […] Actinic Keratoses should be treated to prevent their transformation to squamous cell carcinoma in 10% of cases. The most common treatment is cryotherapy or cryosurgery, which involves freezing the skin with liquid nitrogen. Topical therapies are also an option and names of these include 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, Tolak, Fluoroplex, Carac), imiquimod (Aldara, Zyclara), ingenol mebutate (Picato) and diclofenac (Solaraze). These creams treat visible lesions as well as microscopic lesions that cannot yet be detected. PDT or photodynamic therapy is a means of treating an entire face for AKs. This procedure combines a topical solution (aminolevulinic acid) that is activated by various laser and light technologies to target precancerous lesions. Chemical peeling also decreases the skin burden of actinic keratoses but is not covered by insurance.

• #24 Actinic Keratosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557401/

  Actinic keratoses are premalignant cutaneous lesions that may progress to squamous cell carcinoma. These lesions commonly appear on sun-exposed areas of the skin in individuals with a history of cumulative sun exposure. […] Actinic keratoses, also known as senile keratoses or solar keratoses, are benign intra-epithelial neoplasms commonly evaluated by dermatologists. Often associated with chronic sun exposure, individuals with actinic keratosis may present with irregular, red, scaly papules or plaques on sun-exposed regions of the body. Timely detection and implementation of a treatment plan are crucial since actinic keratosis can potentially progress into invasive squamous cell carcinoma. […] Actinic keratosis can exhibit erratic behavior over time. Some actinic keratoses may spontaneously regress, though the mechanisms behind this regression are not fully understood and are an area of ongoing research. On the other hand, some actinic keratoses may remain stable, showing little change in size or appearance over time. However, it is essential to note that actinic keratoses have the potential to progress and evolve into invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a type of skin cancer. Most squamous cell carcinomas develop from preexisting actinic keratoses or with areas that contain actinic keratoses.

• #25 Actinic Keratosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1099775-overview

  The typical patient with actinic keratoses is an elderly, fair-skinned, sun-sensitive person. The lesions arise in areas of long-term sun exposure, including the face and ears, and bald scalp in men, as well as the dorsal forearms and hands. […] Lesions may remain unchanged for years, may spontaneously regress, or may progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Most actinic keratoses do not progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma; however, most invasive squamous cell carcinomas have evidence of a preexisting actinic keratosis.

• #26

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6939186/

  Actinic keratoses may follow three different paths, the most relevant being the transformation into SCC. However, a significant portion of lesions remain stable throughout their evolution and may also involute spontaneously, although recurrences are frequent. […] Data about the risk of malignant transformation of a single actinic keratosis ranges from 0.1% to 16%. In 10 years, the risk of malignant transformation of a single lesion is of about 10% for immunocompetent patients and 20% for immunocompromised patients. […] The evolution of actinic keratoses varies according to patient’s clinical characteristics. Immunosuppressed individuals or patients with previous NMSC present a higher risk of malignant transformation of their actinic keratoses. In addition, in the same individual, actinic keratoses have dynamic characteristics: some lesions regress spontaneously while others evolve into invasive lesions; Identifying which lesions will develop into SCC is a challenge. […] Patients with actinic keratoses usually have a good prognosis, as it is not directly associated with mortality; however, different degrees of morbidity associated with lesions treatment and with symptoms of the disease are frequent.

• #27 Actinic keratosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinic_keratosis

  Given the aforementioned differing clinical outcomes, it is difficult to predict the clinical course of any given actinic keratosis. AK lesions may also come and go in a cycle of appearing on the skin, remaining for months, and then disappearing. Often they will reappear in a few weeks or months, particularly after unprotected sun exposure. Left untreated, there is a chance that the lesion will advance to become invasive. Although it is difficult to predict whether an AK will advance to become squamous cell carcinoma, it has been noted that squamous cell carcinomas originate in lesions formerly diagnosed as AKs with frequencies reported between 65 and 97%.

• #28 Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis) – The Skin Cancer Doctor

  https://www.theskincancerdoctor.com.au/education/skincancerlesions/actinic-keratosis-solar-keratosis/

  Although occurring at a low rate, AK does progress to SCC from 0.03 to 20%. It has been shown that 60% of SCC derives from AK. […] AK lesions that do not progress to SCC can either persist or regress itself. Regression rate between 20-30% per year have been reported. However, lesions that regress may also later reappear.

• #29 Actinic Keratosis FAQs Houston TX – Solar Keratosis GA

  https://www.mohssurgery.org/skin-cancer-faqs/actinic-keratosis-faqs/

  These growths are not painful and are not overly disfiguring because they remain small. These are the signs: Rough, scaly, dry patch of skin; Usually less than 1 inch in diameter; Flat to slightly raised patch or bump atop the skin; Sometimes can be hard and wart-like; Color may be pink, red, or brown; May itch or burn when brushed. […] Actinic keratoses develop as the skins response to frequent or intense exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun or tanning beds. […] Actinic keratosis lesions are growths that can occur many years after excessive sun exposure has caused DNA damage in the skin cells. This condition is usually seen in middle-aged adults, revealing the massive amount of time between original sun exposure and the development of tissue irregularities. That said, once you have an AK lesion, or many, these growths may transform into skin cancer within a three-year period.

• #30 Actinic Keratosis: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-actinic-keratosis-basics

  Most actinic keratoses, about 90%, never turn into skin cancers. But almost all squamous cell carcinomas of the skin start out as actinic keratoses. That’s why it’s important to recognize and treat them. […] How long does it take for actinic keratoses to become cancerous? Most of these lesions about 90% will never become skin cancer. But the few that do typically take about 2 years to change into squamous cell skin cancer, research suggests.

• #31 Actinic keratosis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/actinic-keratosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354969

  An actinic keratosis (ak-TIN-ik ker-uh-TOE-sis) is a rough, scaly patch on the skin that develops from years of sun exposure. It’s often found on the face, lips, ears, forearms, scalp, neck or back of the hands. […] Actinic keratoses are scaly spots or patches on the top layer of skin. With time they may become hard with a wartlike surface. […] Also known as a solar keratosis, an actinic keratosis grows slowly and usually first appears in people over 40. […] Left untreated, the risk of actinic keratoses turning into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma is about 5% to 10%. […] Symptoms include: Rough, dry or scaly patch of skin, usually less than 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in diameter; Flat to slightly raised patch or bump on the top layer of skin; In some cases, a hard, wartlike surface; Color variations, including pink, red or brown; Itching, burning, bleeding or crusting; New patches or bumps on sun-exposed areas of the head, neck, hands and forearms. […] If treated early, actinic keratosis can be cleared up or removed. If left untreated, some of these spots might progress to squamous cell carcinoma.

• #32 Actinic Keratosis: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-actinic-keratosis-basics

  Most actinic keratoses, about 90%, never turn into skin cancers. But almost all squamous cell carcinomas of the skin start out as actinic keratoses. That’s why it’s important to recognize and treat them. […] How long does it take for actinic keratoses to become cancerous? Most of these lesions about 90% will never become skin cancer. But the few that do typically take about 2 years to change into squamous cell skin cancer, research suggests.

• #33 Actinic Keratoses

  https://www.lvscc.com/services/actinic-keratoses/

  Actinic keratosis (ak-TIN-ik ker-uh-TOE-sis) is a rough, scaly patch on the skin that develops from years of sun exposure. It’s often found on the face, lips, ears, forearms, scalp, neck, or back of the hands. […] Also known as a solar keratosis, an actinic keratosis grows slowly and usually first appears in people over 40. […] Left untreated, the risk of actinic keratoses turning into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma is about 5% to 10%. […] Actinic keratoses vary in appearance. Signs and symptoms include: Rough, dry or scaly patch of skin, usually less than 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in diameter; Flat to slightly raised patch or bump on the top layer of skin; In some cases, a hard, wartlike surface; Color variations, including pink, red or brown; Itching, burning, bleeding or crusting; New patches or bumps on sun-exposed areas of the head, neck, hands, and forearms.

• #34 Actinic keratosis, solar keratosis

  https://www.pcds.org.uk/clinical-guidance/actinic-keratosis-syn-solar-keratosis

  An actinic keratosis (AK) is a common sun-induced scaly or hyperkeratotic lesion, which has the potential to become malignant. NICE estimates that over 23% of the UK population aged 60 and above have AK. Although the risk of an AK transforming into a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is very low, this risk increases over time and with larger numbers of lesions. The presence of ten AK is associated with a 14% risk of developing an SCC within five years. […] Lesions are normally asymptomatic. Recent growth, pain / tenderness, bleeding or ulceration are suggestive of transformation into an SCC. […] Diagnosis is usually clinical. If a diagnostic biopsy is required the primary histologic feature is partial thickness atypia / dysplasia of the keratinocytes in the basal layers of the epidermis. This is often accompanied by parakeratosis, thinning of the granular layer, buds of atypical epidermis extending toward the papillary dermis, dermal solar elastosis, and inflammation. If squamous cell carcinoma is a differential the patient must be referred urgently to Secondary Care without a biopsy.

• #35 Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/actinic-keratosis-leaflet

  The reason that actinic keratoses can become cancerous is because the UV exposure from the sun’s rays causes changes (mutations) to the genes in the DNA of skin cells. This causes the skin cells to divide and grow abnormally instead of just repairing damage. […] The outlook for people with actinic keratosis is good. Most people with actinic keratosis do not develop skin cancer, and there are effective treatments to remove patches of actinic keratosis. […] Actinic keratoses develop due to long-term sun exposure. Because people with actinic keratosis have had sustained sun damage to their skin, they have a higher risk of developing other types of skin cancers in their lifetime.

• #36 Actinic Keratosis (AK): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/actinic-keratosis-pro

  Many individual AKs regress spontaneously, however there is a high risk of recurrence or the development of new lesions. […] Progression to SCC occurs slowly. Although known to be pre-malignant, the probability of a lesion undergoing transformation to SCC is not known; however, evidence suggests this ranges from 0.025% to 16% per year.

• #37 Actinic Keratosis: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-actinic-keratosis-basics

  Most actinic keratoses, about 90%, never turn into skin cancers. But almost all squamous cell carcinomas of the skin start out as actinic keratoses. That’s why it’s important to recognize and treat them. […] How long does it take for actinic keratoses to become cancerous? Most of these lesions about 90% will never become skin cancer. But the few that do typically take about 2 years to change into squamous cell skin cancer, research suggests.

• #38 Actinic keratoses (Solar keratosis): Diagnosis and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/actinic-keratosis

  Actinic keratosis is a precancerous scaly spot found on sun-damaged skin, also known as solar keratosis. It may be considered an early form of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (a keratinocyte cancer). […] Actinic keratosis may be solitary but there are often multiple keratoses. The appearance varies. […] Actinic keratoses are very common on sites repeatedly exposed to the sun, especially the backs of the hands and the face, most often affecting the ears, nose, cheeks, upper lip, vermilion of the lower lip, temples, forehead, and balding scalp. […] The main concern is that actinic keratoses indicate an increased risk of developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. It is rare for a solitary actinic keratosis to evolve to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but the risk of SCC occurring at some stage in a patient with more than 10 actinic keratoses is thought to be about 10 to 15%. A tender, thickened, ulcerated, or enlarging actinic keratosis is suspicious of evolution to SCC.

• #39 Actinic keratosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinic_keratosis

  With years of sun damage, it is possible to develop multiple AKs in a single area on the skin. This condition is termed field cancerization. The presence of ulceration, nodularity, or bleeding should raise concern for malignancy. Specifically, clinical findings suggesting an increased risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma can be recognized as „IDRBEU”: I (induration/inflammation), D (diameter 1 cm), R (rapid enlargement), B (bleeding), E (erythema), and U (ulceration). […] Untreated AKs follow one of three paths: they can either persist as AKs, regress, or progress to invasive skin cancer, as AK lesions are considered to be on the same continuum with squamous cell carcinoma. AK lesions that regress also have the potential to recur. The overall risk of an AK turning into invasive cancer is low. In average-risk individuals, likelihood of an AK lesion progressing to SCC is less than 1% per year. Despite this low rate of progression, studies suggest that a full 60% of SCCs arise from pre-existing AKs, reinforcing the idea that these lesions are closely related.

• #40 Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis, Sun Spots) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/actinic-keratosis-solar-keratosis-sun-spots/

  The lesions typically appear as circumscribed, rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed skin, ranging from flesh-colored to reddish-brown. Although most AKs are asymptomatic; some may exhibit signs and symptoms such as thickening, burning, tenderness, or itching. […] AKs are most prevalent in fair-skinned individuals with a history of significant sun exposure. Individuals with light-colored skin are six times more likely to develop AKs than individuals with dark-colored skin. […] The prevalence of AKs increases with advancing age, affecting 90% of people over age 80. […] Major criteria associated with the progression of AK to SCC are inflammation or induration, diameter more than 1 cm, rapid enlargement, bleeding, erythema, and ulceration. Minor criteria are pigmentation, palpability, pain, pruritus, and hyperkeratosis. […] The annual progression rate of AKs to SCC was found to be 8-24 per 10,000 for the general Australian population, and 12-30% over 3 years for high-risk persons with multiple AKs. Local recurrence was found to be 7%, while 2% of SCCs originating as AKs metastasize.

• #41 Actinic keratoses (solar keratoses) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/actinic-keratoses-solar-keratoses

  Actinic keratoses (solar keratoses) are rough patches of skin caused by damage from years of sun exposure. They aren’t usually a serious problem and can go away on their own. It’s important to get them checked as there’s a chance they might turn into skin cancer at some point. […] Actinic keratoses usually appear on skin that’s exposed to the sun. […] The patches can be: red, pink, brown or skin-coloured; rough or scaly (like sandpaper); flat or stick out from the skin (similar to warts); a few millimetres to a few centimetres across; sore or itchy. […] There’s a small chance that actinic keratoses could eventually turn into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) if they’re not treated. […] You’re at a higher risk if you have lots of patches for a long time. […] Research suggests that people with several patches have around a one in 10 chance of getting skin cancer within 10 years of first developing actinic keratoses. […] Signs that a patch has turned into cancer include it: growing quickly; hurting; bleeding. […] SCC can usually be treated successfully if it’s caught at an early stage.

• #42 Actinic keratoses – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/actinic-keratoses/

  If an actinic keratosis develops into a lump or horn, grows very quickly, becomes tender, forms an ulcer, or starts to bleed, it is important to seek medical advice. These changes could indicate the early onset of skin cancer. […] Actinic keratoses can be treated but tend to recur over time. Their presence indicates there is sun damage to the skin and so, whilst an individual actinic keratosis can be cured, the affected individual is at risk of developing more in the future.

• #43 Precancers (actinic keratoses) — ARCHER DERMATOLOGY

  https://www.archerdermatology.com/precancers-actinic-keratoses

  If an actinic keratosis develops into a lump, grows very quickly, becomes tender, forms an ulcer or starts to bleed, then medical advice should be sought as these changes could indicate the early onset of skin cancer (squamous cell carcinoma). […] An individual actinic keratosis can be cured, but many return in future years. People who have developed one actinic keratosis are at risk of developing more in the future. In general terms, the tendency to get actinic keratoses is a long term problem.

• #44 Actinic Keratosis | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=tr5806spec

  Actinic keratosis is a skin growth caused by sun damage. It can turn into skin cancer, but this isn’t common. Actinic keratoses, also called solar keratoses, are small red, brown, or skin-colored scaly patches. They are most common on the scalp, face, neck, hands, and forearms. […] Actinic keratoses are small and noticeable red, brown, or skin-colored patches that don’t go away. They most often occur on the head, neck, or hands but can be found on other areas of the body. Usually more than one is present. They may: Have a rough texture. Itch, burn, or sting. Range in size from 1 mm (about the size of the tip of a pencil) to 2 cm or larger (about the size of a peanut). Be numerous, with several patches close together. Be surrounded by red, irritated skin. […] Actinic keratosis needs to be checked by a doctor, especially if the keratoses become painful, bleed, become open sores, become infected, or increase in size. […] Actinic keratosis may turn into skin cancer, but this isn’t common. There is no way to find out whether actinic keratosis will progress to squamous cell carcinoma or how fast this might occur. People who have a weak immune system have a higher risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma.

• #45 Actinic Keratoses

  https://texasdermatology.com/services/actinic-keratoses/

  When an actinic keratosis forms, it is most often due to a person being exposed to intense UV rays on a frequent basis. While most cases result from overexposure to the sun’s UV rays, many people with this condition have also exposed their skin to the intensity of tanning beds. […] While anyone can potentially get an actinic keratosis, some have certain risk factors that put them at even greater risk. These factors include having red or blond hair and either blue or light-colored eyes, prior history of bad sunburns, tendency to freckle or burn when exposed to sunlight, aged 40 or older, working primarily outdoors, possessing a weakened immune system, and living in a sunny climate. […] While a simple examination of your skin may allow a doctor to diagnose actinic keratosis, a skin biopsy may be performed as an added precaution. Don’t gamble with actinic keratosis, a potential precursor to skin cancer.

• #46 Actinic keratoses (Solar keratosis): Diagnosis and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/actinic-keratosis

  Actinic keratoses may recur months or years after treatment. The same treatment can be repeated or another method used. Patients who have been treated for actinic keratoses are at risk of developing new keratoses. They are also at increased risk of other skin cancers, especially intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma, invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and melanoma.

• #47 Actinic Keratosis: Risk Factors, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14148-actinic-keratosis

  Depending on the size and number of actinic keratoses (AKs), it can take up to three months for AKs to disappear after treatment ends. […] Most actinic keratoses (AKs) go away with treatment. About 90% of people with actinic keratosis dont develop skin cancer. However, most diagnoses of squamous cell carcinoma started as AKs. […] In some cases, actinic keratosis can return if you do not prevent further sun damage. During and after treatment, limit your exposure to UV light. […] You are less likely to develop skin cancer if actinic keratosis gets treated right away. You should call your healthcare provider if you notice: Bleeding, blistering, stinging or itchy skin. Hornlike growths. Rough, raised or red skin patches. […] Actinic keratosis is a serious skin disorder that requires immediate treatment. Most AKs go away with surgical or topical treatment. You can lower your risk of actinic keratosis by protecting your skin from sun exposure and ultraviolet light. If you think you have AK, speak with your healthcare provider about diagnosis and treatment. The sooner you seek treatment for actinic keratosis, the less likely you are to develop skin cancer.

• #48 Actinic keratoses – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/actinic-keratoses/

  If an actinic keratosis develops into a lump or horn, grows very quickly, becomes tender, forms an ulcer, or starts to bleed, it is important to seek medical advice. These changes could indicate the early onset of skin cancer. […] Actinic keratoses can be treated but tend to recur over time. Their presence indicates there is sun damage to the skin and so, whilst an individual actinic keratosis can be cured, the affected individual is at risk of developing more in the future.

• #49 Solar keratosis – MySkinDoctor

  https://www.myskindoctor.co.uk/solar-keratosis/

  The risk of a Solar keratosis changing into a skin cancer is very small (less than 1 in 1000 lesions). In the majority of patients, there is often surrounding sun-damage change to other areas of the skin so there is always a small risk of skin cancer developing over time. Typical warning signs of cancerous change are pain and soreness developing in a lesion or rapid growth of the skin lesion. Thickened lesions may need more active treatment because they do not respond as well to topical treatments and tend not to disappear without treatment. […] Very early solar keratosis do not need treatment and may resolve spontaneously. However, treatment may be warranted if they itch, bleed, or if there is any concern about the development of a skin cancer. […] Persistent solar keratosis may require treatment.

• #50 Actinic Keratosis FAQs Houston TX – Solar Keratosis GA

  https://www.mohssurgery.org/skin-cancer-faqs/actinic-keratosis-faqs/

  Actinic keratoses can be somewhat unpredictable. Usually, these pre-cancerous growths remain localized. They may go away and then new ones return. However, if an AK lesion becomes squamous cell carcinoma, which can occur, there is a risk that the cancerous cells will spread to nearby lymph nodes. […] Removing these growths before they become skin cancer is 100 percent successful. Other growths may develop, but they can be removed the same way. […] Once an actinic keratosis is frozen and peels off or is removed with another method, it is usually gone. The method may not remove all of the damaged cells and it may need a second treatment later. But generally, treatments successfully remove these lesions for good. They dont recur.

• #51 Actinic Keratosis: Risk Factors, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14148-actinic-keratosis

  Depending on the size and number of actinic keratoses (AKs), it can take up to three months for AKs to disappear after treatment ends. […] Most actinic keratoses (AKs) go away with treatment. About 90% of people with actinic keratosis dont develop skin cancer. However, most diagnoses of squamous cell carcinoma started as AKs. […] In some cases, actinic keratosis can return if you do not prevent further sun damage. During and after treatment, limit your exposure to UV light. […] You are less likely to develop skin cancer if actinic keratosis gets treated right away. You should call your healthcare provider if you notice: Bleeding, blistering, stinging or itchy skin. Hornlike growths. Rough, raised or red skin patches. […] Actinic keratosis is a serious skin disorder that requires immediate treatment. Most AKs go away with surgical or topical treatment. You can lower your risk of actinic keratosis by protecting your skin from sun exposure and ultraviolet light. If you think you have AK, speak with your healthcare provider about diagnosis and treatment. The sooner you seek treatment for actinic keratosis, the less likely you are to develop skin cancer.

• #52 Actinic Keratosis (AK): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/cancer/actinic-keratosis/

  If you dont treat AKs, they can turn into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. But only about 5 to 10 percent of AKs will turn into cancer. […] After treatment, it can take up to three months for an AK to completely go away. Once the lesion fully disappears, you will likely need to see your doctor for a follow-up visit once or twice a year. If you have a weakened immune system, your doctor may want to see you four to six times a year. Most AKs can be successfully treated. But they can return if you dont take measures to prevent future sun damage. […] If untreated, AK can turn into squamous cell carcinoma. This only happens in about 5 percent to 10 percent of AK cases, but most squamous cell carcinomas start as AKs.

• #53 Actinic keratosis: Causes and prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318466

  Actinic keratosis is a precancerous growth on the skin that forms due to long-term exposure to UV light. It is also known as solar keratosis. […] Precancerous means that the condition can progress to cancer without treatment. As a result, it is essential for doctors to monitor for actinic keratosis and treat it where appropriate. […] Actinic keratoses develop over several years. In most cases, they present in people aged 50 years or older. About 58 million people in the United States have at least one actinic keratosis. […] Developing an actinic keratosis increases a persons risk of skin cancer. Without treatment, it may develop into squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer. […] People with actinic keratosis are at risk of developing cancer if they do not receive appropriate treatment for the condition. […] The earlier a healthcare professional can diagnose and treat actinic keratosis, the lower the risk of skin cancer. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of actinic keratoses can prevent them from developing into skin cancer.

• #54 Actinic Keratosis

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/actinic-keratosis/

  The lesions frequently arise on sun-exposed areas of the face, lips, ears, scalp, shoulders, neck and the back of the hands and forearms. Another form of AK known as actinic cheilitis appears on the lower lip. […] Even though just 5-10 percent of AKs turn into skin cancer, the vast majority of squamous cell carcinomas start off as AKs. That’s why it’s best to play it safe and see your dermatologist if you think you may have an AK. […] AKs are evidence of sustained sun damage. Having them raises your lifetime risk for skin cancer. Since having one AK means that it’s likely you have already developed more, this may translate into an especially elevated risk for developing an SCC. […] If detected early, actinic keratoses can be treated before they develop into skin cancer. […] It’s best to diagnose and treat AKs early, before they become cancerous. This is especially true for AKs that arise on the head or neck, where skin cancers may be more aggressive.

• #55 Actinic keratoses (Solar keratosis): Diagnosis and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/actinic-keratosis

  Actinic keratoses may recur months or years after treatment. The same treatment can be repeated or another method used. Patients who have been treated for actinic keratoses are at risk of developing new keratoses. They are also at increased risk of other skin cancers, especially intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma, invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and melanoma.

• #56 Actinic keratosis, solar keratosis

  https://www.pcds.org.uk/clinical-guidance/actinic-keratosis-syn-solar-keratosis

  Field change refers to areas of skin that have multiple AK associated with a background of erythema, telangiectasia and other changes seen in sun-damaged skin. These areas are probably more at risk of developing SCC, especially if left untreated and, as such, it is recommended that they should be treated more vigorously. As such, the treatments should be applied to the whole area of field change and not just the individual lesions. […] The primary aim of treatment is to reduce the total number of lesions that the patient has at any one time, the fewer lesions a patient has the less risk they have for developing an SCC.

• #57 Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/actinic-keratosis-leaflet

  The reason that actinic keratoses can become cancerous is because the UV exposure from the sun’s rays causes changes (mutations) to the genes in the DNA of skin cells. This causes the skin cells to divide and grow abnormally instead of just repairing damage. […] The outlook for people with actinic keratosis is good. Most people with actinic keratosis do not develop skin cancer, and there are effective treatments to remove patches of actinic keratosis. […] Actinic keratoses develop due to long-term sun exposure. Because people with actinic keratosis have had sustained sun damage to their skin, they have a higher risk of developing other types of skin cancers in their lifetime.

• #58 Actinic keratosis: Causes and prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318466

  Actinic keratosis is a precancerous growth on the skin that forms due to long-term exposure to UV light. It is also known as solar keratosis. […] Precancerous means that the condition can progress to cancer without treatment. As a result, it is essential for doctors to monitor for actinic keratosis and treat it where appropriate. […] Actinic keratoses develop over several years. In most cases, they present in people aged 50 years or older. About 58 million people in the United States have at least one actinic keratosis. […] Developing an actinic keratosis increases a persons risk of skin cancer. Without treatment, it may develop into squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer. […] People with actinic keratosis are at risk of developing cancer if they do not receive appropriate treatment for the condition. […] The earlier a healthcare professional can diagnose and treat actinic keratosis, the lower the risk of skin cancer. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of actinic keratoses can prevent them from developing into skin cancer.

• #59 Actinic Keratosis

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/actinic-keratosis/

  The lesions frequently arise on sun-exposed areas of the face, lips, ears, scalp, shoulders, neck and the back of the hands and forearms. Another form of AK known as actinic cheilitis appears on the lower lip. […] Even though just 5-10 percent of AKs turn into skin cancer, the vast majority of squamous cell carcinomas start off as AKs. That’s why it’s best to play it safe and see your dermatologist if you think you may have an AK. […] AKs are evidence of sustained sun damage. Having them raises your lifetime risk for skin cancer. Since having one AK means that it’s likely you have already developed more, this may translate into an especially elevated risk for developing an SCC. […] If detected early, actinic keratoses can be treated before they develop into skin cancer. […] It’s best to diagnose and treat AKs early, before they become cancerous. This is especially true for AKs that arise on the head or neck, where skin cancers may be more aggressive.

• #60 Actinic keratosis: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/actinic-keratosis-treatment

  If you find a spot or growth on your skin that you think could be an actinic keratosis (AK), its time for a thorough skin exam. Should you have an AK, an accurate diagnosis and treatment can: […] Help ease symptoms, such as itch, pain, or tenderness. […] People who have skin thats been badly damaged by ultraviolet (UV) light develop AKs and have a higher risk of getting skin cancer. […] If you have one or more AKs, your dermatologist will talk with you about whether to treat these precancerous skin growths. Usually, treatment is recommended. […] Some people develop a few AKs, which can often be cleared with treatment. […] If you have many AKs, its a good idea to be under a dermatologists care. Your skin has been severely damaged by UV light, so its likely youll continue get new AKs. You may also develop skin cancer. Your dermatologist can watch for signs of new AKs and skin cancer. When found early and treated, skin cancer is highly treatable.

• #61 Actinic Keratosis Treatment, Symptoms, Causes & How to Remove

  https://www.medicinenet.com/actinic_keratosis/article.htm

  Patients who develop actinic keratoses should be examined at least once yearly. Actinic keratoses are an indicator that sufficient sun exposure has occurred to produce skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. […] Sun avoidance is the simplest way to avoid actinic keratoses. This would include applications of SPF 50 sunscreens to exposed skin, wearing sun-protective clothing, shade-seeking behavior, and avoiding tanning.

• #62 Actinic Keratosis: Risk Factors, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14148-actinic-keratosis

  Depending on the size and number of actinic keratoses (AKs), it can take up to three months for AKs to disappear after treatment ends. […] Most actinic keratoses (AKs) go away with treatment. About 90% of people with actinic keratosis dont develop skin cancer. However, most diagnoses of squamous cell carcinoma started as AKs. […] In some cases, actinic keratosis can return if you do not prevent further sun damage. During and after treatment, limit your exposure to UV light. […] You are less likely to develop skin cancer if actinic keratosis gets treated right away. You should call your healthcare provider if you notice: Bleeding, blistering, stinging or itchy skin. Hornlike growths. Rough, raised or red skin patches. […] Actinic keratosis is a serious skin disorder that requires immediate treatment. Most AKs go away with surgical or topical treatment. You can lower your risk of actinic keratosis by protecting your skin from sun exposure and ultraviolet light. If you think you have AK, speak with your healthcare provider about diagnosis and treatment. The sooner you seek treatment for actinic keratosis, the less likely you are to develop skin cancer.

• #63 Actinic Keratosis (AK): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/cancer/actinic-keratosis/

  If you dont treat AKs, they can turn into a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. But only about 5 to 10 percent of AKs will turn into cancer. […] After treatment, it can take up to three months for an AK to completely go away. Once the lesion fully disappears, you will likely need to see your doctor for a follow-up visit once or twice a year. If you have a weakened immune system, your doctor may want to see you four to six times a year. Most AKs can be successfully treated. But they can return if you dont take measures to prevent future sun damage. […] If untreated, AK can turn into squamous cell carcinoma. This only happens in about 5 percent to 10 percent of AK cases, but most squamous cell carcinomas start as AKs.

• #64 Actinic Keratoses – Premier Medical Group

  https://www.premiermedicalhv.com/divisions/services/actinic-keratoses/

  The affected areas can remain the same size, disappear, grow bigger, or even develop into squamous cell carcinoma. As a result, it’s important to keep an eye on spots and moles to track them over time. […] Actinic keratosis might disappear on its own, but there is always the threat of its return upon more sun exposure. It is best to have actinic keratoses removed because there is no way of knowing which actinic keratoses might develop into skin cancer. […] Some of those procedures can take place in just a few minutes in a doctor’s office. When someone is diagnosed with actinic keratosis, it is best to avoid extreme sun exposure even when actinic keratoses are removed. Extreme sun exposure can cause actinic keratoses to develop on the skin again. […] For the most part, only a small percentage of actinic keratosis develop into squamous cell carcinoma. Actinic keratosis is typically not a life-threatening diagnosis.

• #65 Actinic Keratoses

  https://camelbackderm.com/services/actinic-keratoses/

  When an actinic keratosis forms, it is most often due to a person being exposed to intense UV rays on a frequent basis. While most cases result from overexposure to the sun’s UV rays, many people with this condition have also exposed their skin to the intensity of tanning beds. […] While a simple examination of your skin may allow a doctor to diagnose actinic keratosis, a skin biopsy may be performed as an added precaution.

• #66 Actinic keratosis: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/actinic-keratosis-symptoms

  A dry, scaly lip that never heals (or heals and returns). […] Scaly, white patches on one (or both) lips. White patches on your lips can be a sign that you have a precancerous condition on your lips. […] Loss of color on one or both lips. […] Growth that looks like an animal’s horn. When an AK appears in this form, it often indicates that the person has a higher risk of developing a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. […] While most people see only a change to their skin, an AK can: Itch, Burn or sting, Feel tender or painful when touched, Stick to your clothing, causing discomfort, Bleed. […] If you find a change on your skin that could be an actinic keratosis, protect your health by seeing a board-certified dermatologist. Should that change be an AK, you have a greater risk of developing skin cancer.

• #67 Actinic Keratosis

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/actinic-keratosis/

  The lesions frequently arise on sun-exposed areas of the face, lips, ears, scalp, shoulders, neck and the back of the hands and forearms. Another form of AK known as actinic cheilitis appears on the lower lip. […] Even though just 5-10 percent of AKs turn into skin cancer, the vast majority of squamous cell carcinomas start off as AKs. That’s why it’s best to play it safe and see your dermatologist if you think you may have an AK. […] AKs are evidence of sustained sun damage. Having them raises your lifetime risk for skin cancer. Since having one AK means that it’s likely you have already developed more, this may translate into an especially elevated risk for developing an SCC. […] If detected early, actinic keratoses can be treated before they develop into skin cancer. […] It’s best to diagnose and treat AKs early, before they become cancerous. This is especially true for AKs that arise on the head or neck, where skin cancers may be more aggressive.

• #68 Actinic Keratosis

  https://www.skincancer.net.au/actinic-keratosis

  If you have Actinic Keratoses, it indicates you have chronic sun damage and could be at higher risk of any kind of skin cancer not just Squamous Cell Carcinoma. […] A persistent, nonhealing sore is a very common sign of early Actinic Keratosis. […] Faster changing or growing Actinic Keratosis need your attention because it may be a precursor to or actually be a Squamous Cell Carcinoma. […] Actinic Keratoses respond well to early treatment. If untreated the consequences could include disfigurement from the Actinic Keratoses or their treatment, and up to and including death if transformation into Squamous Cell Carcinoma occurs and this is not treated early enough. […] Though less than 20 percent of Actinic Keratoses transform into Squamous Cell Carcinoma there is no way to know which will transform.

• #69 Actinic keratosis: Causes and prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318466

  Actinic keratosis is a precancerous growth on the skin that forms due to long-term exposure to UV light. It is also known as solar keratosis. […] Precancerous means that the condition can progress to cancer without treatment. As a result, it is essential for doctors to monitor for actinic keratosis and treat it where appropriate. […] Actinic keratoses develop over several years. In most cases, they present in people aged 50 years or older. About 58 million people in the United States have at least one actinic keratosis. […] Developing an actinic keratosis increases a persons risk of skin cancer. Without treatment, it may develop into squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer. […] People with actinic keratosis are at risk of developing cancer if they do not receive appropriate treatment for the condition. […] The earlier a healthcare professional can diagnose and treat actinic keratosis, the lower the risk of skin cancer. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of actinic keratoses can prevent them from developing into skin cancer.

• #70 Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/actinic-keratosis-leaflet

  The reason that actinic keratoses can become cancerous is because the UV exposure from the sun’s rays causes changes (mutations) to the genes in the DNA of skin cells. This causes the skin cells to divide and grow abnormally instead of just repairing damage. […] The outlook for people with actinic keratosis is good. Most people with actinic keratosis do not develop skin cancer, and there are effective treatments to remove patches of actinic keratosis. […] Actinic keratoses develop due to long-term sun exposure. Because people with actinic keratosis have had sustained sun damage to their skin, they have a higher risk of developing other types of skin cancers in their lifetime.

• #71 Actinic Keratosis: Risk Factors, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14148-actinic-keratosis

  Depending on the size and number of actinic keratoses (AKs), it can take up to three months for AKs to disappear after treatment ends. […] Most actinic keratoses (AKs) go away with treatment. About 90% of people with actinic keratosis dont develop skin cancer. However, most diagnoses of squamous cell carcinoma started as AKs. […] In some cases, actinic keratosis can return if you do not prevent further sun damage. During and after treatment, limit your exposure to UV light. […] You are less likely to develop skin cancer if actinic keratosis gets treated right away. You should call your healthcare provider if you notice: Bleeding, blistering, stinging or itchy skin. Hornlike growths. Rough, raised or red skin patches. […] Actinic keratosis is a serious skin disorder that requires immediate treatment. Most AKs go away with surgical or topical treatment. You can lower your risk of actinic keratosis by protecting your skin from sun exposure and ultraviolet light. If you think you have AK, speak with your healthcare provider about diagnosis and treatment. The sooner you seek treatment for actinic keratosis, the less likely you are to develop skin cancer.

• #72 Actinic Keratosis: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-actinic-keratosis-basics

  Most actinic keratoses, about 90%, never turn into skin cancers. But almost all squamous cell carcinomas of the skin start out as actinic keratoses. That’s why it’s important to recognize and treat them. […] How long does it take for actinic keratoses to become cancerous? Most of these lesions about 90% will never become skin cancer. But the few that do typically take about 2 years to change into squamous cell skin cancer, research suggests.

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