Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Impetigo – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430974/

  Impetigo is a common infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis that is highly contagious and most commonly caused by gram-positive bacteria. […] Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics and symptomatic care. […] Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and clinical manifestations alone. Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics and symptomatic care. […] Topical antibiotics alone or in conjunction with systemic antibiotics are used to treat impetigo. Antibiotic coverage should cover both S aureus and S pyogenes (i.e. GABHS). […] For localized, uncomplicated, non-bullous impetigo, topical therapy alone is the treatment of choice. […] Systemic antibiotics should be prescribed for all cases of bullous impetigo and cases of non-bullous impetigo with more than five lesions, deep tissue involvement, systemic signs of infection, lymphadenopathy or lesions in the oral cavity.

• #2 Impetigo: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0815/p229.html

  Impetigo is the most common bacterial skin infection in children two to five years of age. […] Treatment includes topical antibiotics such as mupirocin, retapamulin, and fusidic acid. Oral antibiotic therapy can be used for impetigo with large bullae or when topical therapy is impractical. […] Topical antibiotics are more effective than placebo and preferable to oral antibiotics for limited impetigo. […] Oral penicillin should not be used for impetigo because it is less effective than other antibiotics. […] There is insufficient evidence to recommend topical disinfectants for the treatment of impetigo. […] The ideal treatment should be effective, be inexpensive, have limited adverse effects, and should not promote bacterial resistance. […] Topical antibiotics have the advantage of being applied only where needed, minimizing antibiotic resistance and avoiding gastrointestinal and other systemic adverse effects.

• #3 Impetigo – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK430974/

  Impetigo is a common infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis that is highly contagious and most commonly caused by gram-positive bacteria. […] Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics and symptomatic care. […] Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and clinical manifestations alone. Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics and symptomatic care. […] Topical antibiotics alone or in conjunction with systemic antibiotics are used to treat impetigo. Antibiotic coverage should cover both S aureus and S pyogenes (i.e. GABHS). […] For localized, uncomplicated, non-bullous impetigo, topical therapy alone is the treatment of choice. […] Systemic antibiotics should be prescribed for all cases of bullous impetigo and cases of non-bullous impetigo with more than five lesions, deep tissue involvement, systemic signs of infection, lymphadenopathy or lesions in the oral cavity.

• #4 Impetigo Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Topical Antibiotic Treatment, Systemic Antibiotic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965254-treatment

  Treatment of impetigo typically involves local wound care along with antibiotic therapy. Antibiotic therapy for impetigo may be with a topical agent alone or a combination of systemic and topical agents. […] Gentle cleansing, removal of the honey-colored crusts of nonbullous impetigo using antibacterial soap and a washcloth, and frequent application of wet dressings to areas affected by lesions are recommended. […] For antibiotic therapy, the chosen agent must provide coverage against both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. […] Topical mupirocin or retapamulin is adequate treatment for single lesions of nonbullous impetigo or small areas of involvement. Systemic antibiotics are indicated for nonbullous impetigo with extensive involvement, in athletic teams, childcare clusters, multiple family members, or for bullous impetigo.

• #5 Impetigo: Treatment, symptoms, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162945

  Impetigo is a highly transmissible bacterial skin infection that involves blistering. Doctors can treat it with antibiotics. […] However, complications sometimes occur, so a doctor may prescribe an antibiotic ointment or oral antibiotics. […] Treatment aims to: speed up healing, improve the skin’s appearance, stop the spread of the infection, and prevent complications. […] Treatment is usually with antibiotics. The type of antibiotic will depend on the bacteria present and the severity of the symptoms. […] Without treatment, the infection usually disappears in 14 to 21 days. With treatment, symptoms should disappear within 10 days. […] Topical antibiotics are ointments that are applied directly to the skin. Examples include mupirocin (Bactroban) and retapamulin (Altabax). […] Oral antibiotics are rarely necessary to treat impetigo. A doctor may prescribe oral antibiotics if symptoms are severe or have not responded to topical treatment.

• #6 Treating Pediatric and Adolescent Impetigo

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/treating-pediatric-and-adolescent-impetigo

  Impetigo is a common bacterial skin infection that is primarily caused by two pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. […] While impetigo may be self-resolving, nonpharmacologic, topical, or oral antimicrobial treatment may be used to relieve symptoms, prevent the formation of new lesions, and avoid complications. […] The treatment goals of impetigo include resolving symptoms and discomfort, limiting the spread of infection, improving cosmetic appearance, and preventing recurrence. […] Although impetigo may be a self-limiting condition, dermatologists often prescribe antimicrobial treatment, and adjunctive skin care is recommended to relieve symptoms, prevent the formation of new lesions, and prevent complications. […] Oral or topical antibiotics may be prescribed for both bullous and nonbullous impetigo.

• #7 Impetigo | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/impetigo/

  Impetigo usually gets better without treatment in around 2 to 3 weeks. […] However, treatment is often recommended because it can reduce the length of the illness to around seven to 10 days and can lower the risk of the infection being spread to others. […] The main treatments prescribed are antibiotic creams or antibiotic tablets. These usually have to be used for around a week. […] If impetigo is confirmed, it can usually be effectively treated with antibiotics. […] For mild cases of impetigo that cover a small area, antibiotic cream is often recommended. This usually needs to be applied 3 or 4 times a day for 7 days. […] Antibiotic tablets may be prescribed if the infection is more severe and widespread, or if the symptoms don’t improve after using antibiotic cream. These usually need to be taken 2 to 4 times a day for 7 days. […] If your doctor thinks you may keep getting impetigo because you naturally have these bacteria inside your nose, they may prescribe you an antiseptic nasal cream to try to clear the bacteria.

• #8 Impetigo: Treatment, symptoms, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162945

  Impetigo is a highly transmissible bacterial skin infection that involves blistering. Doctors can treat it with antibiotics. […] However, complications sometimes occur, so a doctor may prescribe an antibiotic ointment or oral antibiotics. […] Treatment aims to: speed up healing, improve the skin’s appearance, stop the spread of the infection, and prevent complications. […] Treatment is usually with antibiotics. The type of antibiotic will depend on the bacteria present and the severity of the symptoms. […] Without treatment, the infection usually disappears in 14 to 21 days. With treatment, symptoms should disappear within 10 days. […] Topical antibiotics are ointments that are applied directly to the skin. Examples include mupirocin (Bactroban) and retapamulin (Altabax). […] Oral antibiotics are rarely necessary to treat impetigo. A doctor may prescribe oral antibiotics if symptoms are severe or have not responded to topical treatment.

• #9 Impetigo – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK430974/

  In areas of high prevalence of MRSA or if cultures are positive for MRSA, clindamycin or doxycycline are the preferred treatments. […] Children with impetigo should maintain good personal hygiene and avoid other children during the active outbreak. […] If impetigo is recurrent, evaluation for carriage of the causative bacteria should be performed. […] While untreated impetigo is often self-limiting, antibiotics decrease the duration of illness and spread of lesions. […] With treatment, cure occurs within 10 days.

• #10 Impetigo – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430974/

  Impetigo is a common infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis that is highly contagious and most commonly caused by gram-positive bacteria. […] Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics and symptomatic care. […] Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and clinical manifestations alone. Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics and symptomatic care. […] Topical antibiotics alone or in conjunction with systemic antibiotics are used to treat impetigo. Antibiotic coverage should cover both S aureus and S pyogenes (i.e. GABHS). […] For localized, uncomplicated, non-bullous impetigo, topical therapy alone is the treatment of choice. […] Systemic antibiotics should be prescribed for all cases of bullous impetigo and cases of non-bullous impetigo with more than five lesions, deep tissue involvement, systemic signs of infection, lymphadenopathy or lesions in the oral cavity.

• #11 Impetigo: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0815/p229.html

  Impetigo is the most common bacterial skin infection in children two to five years of age. […] Treatment includes topical antibiotics such as mupirocin, retapamulin, and fusidic acid. Oral antibiotic therapy can be used for impetigo with large bullae or when topical therapy is impractical. […] Topical antibiotics are more effective than placebo and preferable to oral antibiotics for limited impetigo. […] Oral penicillin should not be used for impetigo because it is less effective than other antibiotics. […] There is insufficient evidence to recommend topical disinfectants for the treatment of impetigo. […] The ideal treatment should be effective, be inexpensive, have limited adverse effects, and should not promote bacterial resistance. […] Topical antibiotics have the advantage of being applied only where needed, minimizing antibiotic resistance and avoiding gastrointestinal and other systemic adverse effects.

• #12 Impetigo Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Topical Antibiotic Treatment, Systemic Antibiotic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965254-treatment

  Treatment of impetigo typically involves local wound care along with antibiotic therapy. Antibiotic therapy for impetigo may be with a topical agent alone or a combination of systemic and topical agents. […] Gentle cleansing, removal of the honey-colored crusts of nonbullous impetigo using antibacterial soap and a washcloth, and frequent application of wet dressings to areas affected by lesions are recommended. […] For antibiotic therapy, the chosen agent must provide coverage against both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. […] Topical mupirocin or retapamulin is adequate treatment for single lesions of nonbullous impetigo or small areas of involvement. Systemic antibiotics are indicated for nonbullous impetigo with extensive involvement, in athletic teams, childcare clusters, multiple family members, or for bullous impetigo.

• #13 Impetigo Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Topical Antibiotic Treatment, Systemic Antibiotic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965254-treatment

  Treatment of impetigo typically involves local wound care along with antibiotic therapy. Antibiotic therapy for impetigo may be with a topical agent alone or a combination of systemic and topical agents. […] Gentle cleansing, removal of the honey-colored crusts of nonbullous impetigo using antibacterial soap and a washcloth, and frequent application of wet dressings to areas affected by lesions are recommended. […] For antibiotic therapy, the chosen agent must provide coverage against both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. […] Topical mupirocin or retapamulin is adequate treatment for single lesions of nonbullous impetigo or small areas of involvement. Systemic antibiotics are indicated for nonbullous impetigo with extensive involvement, in athletic teams, childcare clusters, multiple family members, or for bullous impetigo.

• #14 Impetigo

  https://www.westdermatology.com/services/impetigo/

  Impetigo is a contagious skin infection caused by bacteria. It develops when the bacteria, usually staph or strep, invade injured skin. A scrape on your skin is often enough to get infected. The infection can spread to other areas of the body, where you’ll see this process begin all over again. This is one reason treatment is so important. All types of impetigo are very contagious. Treatment can help clear the infection and prevent the infection from spreading to others. […] Our team of dermatologists recommends treating impetigo, especially because it is highly contagious. Treatment will depend on your doctor and also the type of impetigo that you have. Most are easily treatable with topical antibiotics. Without treatment, impetigo often clears on its own in two to four weeks. During this time, there is a greater risk of developing complications. You may see new blisters and sores.

• #15 Impetigo: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0815/p229.html

  Three topical antibiotic preparations recommended for impetigo are mupirocin 2% cream or ointment (Bactroban), retapamulin 1% ointment (Altabax), and fusidic acid (not available in United States). […] Oral antibiotic therapy can be used for impetigo with large bullae or when topical therapy is impractical. […] The evidence is insufficient to recommend or dismiss popular herbal treatments for impetigo. […] Future treatments for impetigo might include minocycline foam (Foamix), which has successfully completed phase II trials, and Ozenoxacin, a topical quinolone that has successfully completed phase III clinical trials.

• #16 Impetigo Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Topical Antibiotic Treatment, Systemic Antibiotic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965254-treatment

  In patients with bullous impetigo who present to the emergency department with large areas of involvement resulting in denuded skin from ruptured bullae, management also includes intravenous fluid resuscitation. […] Inpatient care is required for patients with impetigo who have widespread disease or for infants at risk of sepsis and/or dehydration due to skin loss. […] Topical antibiotic therapy is considered the treatment of choice for individuals with uncomplicated localized impetigo. […] Mupirocin ointment (Bactroban) has been used for both the lesions and to clear chronic nasal carriers. […] Retapamulin (Altabax) ointment is in a relatively new class of topical antimicrobials. […] Systemic therapy is also recommended if multiple incidents of pyoderma occur within daycare, family, or athletic team settings.

• #17 Impetigo – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/impetigo/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352358

  Impetigo is treated with prescription mupirocin antibiotic ointment or cream applied directly to the sores two to three times a day for five to 10 days. […] For ecthyma or if more than just a few impetigo sores are present, your doctor might prescribe antibiotics taken by mouth. Be sure to finish the entire course of medication even if the sores are healed.

• #18 Impetigo, Contagious Skin Infection: Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15134-impetigo

  Impetigo treatment includes antibiotics. Within a few days of treatment, your child should start to feel better. […] A provider may prescribe topical antibiotics to put directly on your child’s skin. Impetigo treatments may also include an oral antibiotic (a liquid or pill taken by mouth) if the impetigo covers a large area of your child’s skin or multiple body parts. […] Impetigo medication may include topical mupirocin (Bactroban or Centany) ointment. Oral antibiotics such as cephalosporins, clindamycin (Cleocin) and sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). […] Impetigo won’t go away for everyone in 24 hours. However, some studies have shown that the condition goes away quicker when you use an antibiotic cream. […] Healthcare providers recommend treating it for several reasons: You reduce your risk of developing complications. You reduce your risk of spreading the infection to others. Without treatment, the infection can go deeper into your skin and possibly cause new sores or blisters to develop. […] Impetigo treatment includes antibiotics. A provider may prescribe topical antibiotics to put directly on your child’s skin. Impetigo treatments may also include an oral antibiotic (a liquid or pill taken by mouth) if the impetigo covers a large area of your child’s skin or multiple body parts.

• #19 Impetigo Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Topical Antibiotic Treatment, Systemic Antibiotic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965254-treatment

  In patients with bullous impetigo who present to the emergency department with large areas of involvement resulting in denuded skin from ruptured bullae, management also includes intravenous fluid resuscitation. […] Inpatient care is required for patients with impetigo who have widespread disease or for infants at risk of sepsis and/or dehydration due to skin loss. […] Topical antibiotic therapy is considered the treatment of choice for individuals with uncomplicated localized impetigo. […] Mupirocin ointment (Bactroban) has been used for both the lesions and to clear chronic nasal carriers. […] Retapamulin (Altabax) ointment is in a relatively new class of topical antimicrobials. […] Systemic therapy is also recommended if multiple incidents of pyoderma occur within daycare, family, or athletic team settings.

• #20 Impetigo: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0815/p229.html

  Three topical antibiotic preparations recommended for impetigo are mupirocin 2% cream or ointment (Bactroban), retapamulin 1% ointment (Altabax), and fusidic acid (not available in United States). […] Oral antibiotic therapy can be used for impetigo with large bullae or when topical therapy is impractical. […] The evidence is insufficient to recommend or dismiss popular herbal treatments for impetigo. […] Future treatments for impetigo might include minocycline foam (Foamix), which has successfully completed phase II trials, and Ozenoxacin, a topical quinolone that has successfully completed phase III clinical trials.

• #21 Impetigo Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Topical Antibiotic Treatment, Systemic Antibiotic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965254-treatment

  In patients with bullous impetigo who present to the emergency department with large areas of involvement resulting in denuded skin from ruptured bullae, management also includes intravenous fluid resuscitation. […] Inpatient care is required for patients with impetigo who have widespread disease or for infants at risk of sepsis and/or dehydration due to skin loss. […] Topical antibiotic therapy is considered the treatment of choice for individuals with uncomplicated localized impetigo. […] Mupirocin ointment (Bactroban) has been used for both the lesions and to clear chronic nasal carriers. […] Retapamulin (Altabax) ointment is in a relatively new class of topical antimicrobials. […] Systemic therapy is also recommended if multiple incidents of pyoderma occur within daycare, family, or athletic team settings.

• #22 Impetigo and Ecthyma – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/bacterial-skin-infections/impetigo-and-ecthyma

  Impetigo may be bullous or nonbullous. Treatment is with topical and sometimes oral antibiotics. […] Treatment for localized impetigo is topical mupirocin antibiotic ointment 3 times a day for 7 days, retapamulin ointment 2 times a day for 5 days, or ozenoxacin 1% cream applied every 12 hours for 5 days. […] Oral antibiotics (eg, dicloxacillin or cephalexin 250 to 500 mg 4 times a day [12.5 mg/kg 4 times a day for children] for 10 days) may be needed in patients who are immunocompromised, who have extensive or resistant impetigo lesions, or who have ecthyma. […] Use of initial empiric therapy against MRSA is not typically advised unless there is compelling clinical evidence. […] Other therapy includes restoring a normal cutaneous barrier in patients with underlying atopic dermatitis or extensive xerosis using topical emollients and corticosteroids if warranted. […] Prompt recovery usually follows timely treatment. Delay can cause cellulitis, lymphangitis, furunculosis, and hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation with or without scarring. […] Treat most cases with topical antibiotics.

• #23 Impetigo: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0815/p229.html

  Three topical antibiotic preparations recommended for impetigo are mupirocin 2% cream or ointment (Bactroban), retapamulin 1% ointment (Altabax), and fusidic acid (not available in United States). […] Oral antibiotic therapy can be used for impetigo with large bullae or when topical therapy is impractical. […] The evidence is insufficient to recommend or dismiss popular herbal treatments for impetigo. […] Future treatments for impetigo might include minocycline foam (Foamix), which has successfully completed phase II trials, and Ozenoxacin, a topical quinolone that has successfully completed phase III clinical trials.

• #24 Impetigo (school sores, skin infections): Images, Causes, and Symptoms — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/impetigo

  Impetigo is a common, superficial, highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterised by pustules and honey-coloured crusted erosions. […] Impetigo is usually a clinical diagnosis based on the features described above. […] For localised non-bullous impetigo, application of antiseptic 2-3 times per day for 5-7 days is recommended (e.g. hydrogen peroxide 1% cream or povidone iodine 10% ointment). […] Topical antibiotics such as fusidic acid or mupirocin are effective in treating non-bullous impetigo, however, their use may not be recommended in some countries due to bacterial resistance. […] Recommended in bullous impetigo, widespread non-bullous impetigo (3 lesions), when topical treatment fails, a person is at high risk of complications, or when a person is systemically unwell. […] Oral flucloxacillin is often the first line antibiotic of choice. […] Impetigo is usually self-limiting without serious complications. Without treatment, impetigo usually heals in 2-3 weeks; with treatment lesions resolve within 10 days.

• #25 Impetigo and Ecthyma – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/bacterial-skin-infections/impetigo-and-ecthyma

  Impetigo may be bullous or nonbullous. Treatment is with topical and sometimes oral antibiotics. […] Treatment for localized impetigo is topical mupirocin antibiotic ointment 3 times a day for 7 days, retapamulin ointment 2 times a day for 5 days, or ozenoxacin 1% cream applied every 12 hours for 5 days. […] Oral antibiotics (eg, dicloxacillin or cephalexin 250 to 500 mg 4 times a day [12.5 mg/kg 4 times a day for children] for 10 days) may be needed in patients who are immunocompromised, who have extensive or resistant impetigo lesions, or who have ecthyma. […] Use of initial empiric therapy against MRSA is not typically advised unless there is compelling clinical evidence. […] Other therapy includes restoring a normal cutaneous barrier in patients with underlying atopic dermatitis or extensive xerosis using topical emollients and corticosteroids if warranted. […] Prompt recovery usually follows timely treatment. Delay can cause cellulitis, lymphangitis, furunculosis, and hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation with or without scarring. […] Treat most cases with topical antibiotics.

• #26 Impetigo (school sores, skin infections): Images, Causes, and Symptoms — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/impetigo

  Impetigo is a common, superficial, highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterised by pustules and honey-coloured crusted erosions. […] Impetigo is usually a clinical diagnosis based on the features described above. […] For localised non-bullous impetigo, application of antiseptic 2-3 times per day for 5-7 days is recommended (e.g. hydrogen peroxide 1% cream or povidone iodine 10% ointment). […] Topical antibiotics such as fusidic acid or mupirocin are effective in treating non-bullous impetigo, however, their use may not be recommended in some countries due to bacterial resistance. […] Recommended in bullous impetigo, widespread non-bullous impetigo (3 lesions), when topical treatment fails, a person is at high risk of complications, or when a person is systemically unwell. […] Oral flucloxacillin is often the first line antibiotic of choice. […] Impetigo is usually self-limiting without serious complications. Without treatment, impetigo usually heals in 2-3 weeks; with treatment lesions resolve within 10 days.

• #27

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/impetigo.aspx

  Five days of topical antiseptic treatment is usually sufficient for treating impetigo. This can be increased to seven days depending on the severity and number of lesions. […] Topical antibiotics are rarely indicated for use in skin infections due to bacterial resistance and the potential for contact dermatitis. However, there may be some instances where a topical antibiotic is considered for treating a small, localised area of impetigo, such as if a topical antiseptic is unsuitable or has been ineffective. […] Oral antibiotics are recommended to treat patients with more than three to five lesions/clusters, bullous impetigo, systemic symptoms or when topical treatment is ineffective. Flucloxacillin is the first-line choice as it is effective against S. aureus and group A streptococci. […] A five day course of oral antibiotics is generally sufficient, but can be increased to seven days depending on the severity and number of lesions. If treatment is unsuccessful after this time, medicine adherence should be checked and swabs can be taken to detect sensitivities.

• #28

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/impetigo.aspx

  Impetigo is a highly contagious, bacterial infection of the skin, most commonly seen in children. It is typically diagnosed clinically, and the aim of treatment is to clear the eruption and prevent the spread of infection to others. Good skin hygiene measures and topical antiseptic treatment is usually adequate. Antibiotics should only be used in specific circumstances, and if required, oral is almost always preferable to topical unless the infection is very localised. […] The aims of treatment are to clear the eruption and prevent the spread of the infection to others. Good skin hygiene measures and a topical antiseptic are first-line for children with mild to moderate impetigo. […] A topical antiseptic, e.g. hydrogen peroxide 1% or povidone-iodine 10%, applied two to three times daily, is the first-line treatment for localised, uncomplicated non-bullous impetigo (e.g. three or less lesions/clusters).

• #29 Impetigo (school sores, skin infections): Images, Causes, and Symptoms — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/impetigo

  Impetigo is a common, superficial, highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterised by pustules and honey-coloured crusted erosions. […] Impetigo is usually a clinical diagnosis based on the features described above. […] For localised non-bullous impetigo, application of antiseptic 2-3 times per day for 5-7 days is recommended (e.g. hydrogen peroxide 1% cream or povidone iodine 10% ointment). […] Topical antibiotics such as fusidic acid or mupirocin are effective in treating non-bullous impetigo, however, their use may not be recommended in some countries due to bacterial resistance. […] Recommended in bullous impetigo, widespread non-bullous impetigo (3 lesions), when topical treatment fails, a person is at high risk of complications, or when a person is systemically unwell. […] Oral flucloxacillin is often the first line antibiotic of choice. […] Impetigo is usually self-limiting without serious complications. Without treatment, impetigo usually heals in 2-3 weeks; with treatment lesions resolve within 10 days.

• #30

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/impetigo.aspx

  Impetigo is a highly contagious, bacterial infection of the skin, most commonly seen in children. It is typically diagnosed clinically, and the aim of treatment is to clear the eruption and prevent the spread of infection to others. Good skin hygiene measures and topical antiseptic treatment is usually adequate. Antibiotics should only be used in specific circumstances, and if required, oral is almost always preferable to topical unless the infection is very localised. […] The aims of treatment are to clear the eruption and prevent the spread of the infection to others. Good skin hygiene measures and a topical antiseptic are first-line for children with mild to moderate impetigo. […] A topical antiseptic, e.g. hydrogen peroxide 1% or povidone-iodine 10%, applied two to three times daily, is the first-line treatment for localised, uncomplicated non-bullous impetigo (e.g. three or less lesions/clusters).

• #31 Impetigo – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430974/

  Impetigo is a common infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis that is highly contagious and most commonly caused by gram-positive bacteria. […] Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics and symptomatic care. […] Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and clinical manifestations alone. Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics and symptomatic care. […] Topical antibiotics alone or in conjunction with systemic antibiotics are used to treat impetigo. Antibiotic coverage should cover both S aureus and S pyogenes (i.e. GABHS). […] For localized, uncomplicated, non-bullous impetigo, topical therapy alone is the treatment of choice. […] Systemic antibiotics should be prescribed for all cases of bullous impetigo and cases of non-bullous impetigo with more than five lesions, deep tissue involvement, systemic signs of infection, lymphadenopathy or lesions in the oral cavity.

• #32

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/impetigo.aspx

  Five days of topical antiseptic treatment is usually sufficient for treating impetigo. This can be increased to seven days depending on the severity and number of lesions. […] Topical antibiotics are rarely indicated for use in skin infections due to bacterial resistance and the potential for contact dermatitis. However, there may be some instances where a topical antibiotic is considered for treating a small, localised area of impetigo, such as if a topical antiseptic is unsuitable or has been ineffective. […] Oral antibiotics are recommended to treat patients with more than three to five lesions/clusters, bullous impetigo, systemic symptoms or when topical treatment is ineffective. Flucloxacillin is the first-line choice as it is effective against S. aureus and group A streptococci. […] A five day course of oral antibiotics is generally sufficient, but can be increased to seven days depending on the severity and number of lesions. If treatment is unsuccessful after this time, medicine adherence should be checked and swabs can be taken to detect sensitivities.

• #33 Impetigo (school sores, skin infections): Images, Causes, and Symptoms — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/impetigo

  Impetigo is a common, superficial, highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterised by pustules and honey-coloured crusted erosions. […] Impetigo is usually a clinical diagnosis based on the features described above. […] For localised non-bullous impetigo, application of antiseptic 2-3 times per day for 5-7 days is recommended (e.g. hydrogen peroxide 1% cream or povidone iodine 10% ointment). […] Topical antibiotics such as fusidic acid or mupirocin are effective in treating non-bullous impetigo, however, their use may not be recommended in some countries due to bacterial resistance. […] Recommended in bullous impetigo, widespread non-bullous impetigo (3 lesions), when topical treatment fails, a person is at high risk of complications, or when a person is systemically unwell. […] Oral flucloxacillin is often the first line antibiotic of choice. […] Impetigo is usually self-limiting without serious complications. Without treatment, impetigo usually heals in 2-3 weeks; with treatment lesions resolve within 10 days.

• #34 Impetigo Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Topical Antibiotic Treatment, Systemic Antibiotic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965254-treatment

  Beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotics (eg, cephalosporins, amoxicillin-clavulanate, dicloxacillin) are recommended as S aureus isolates from impetigo are usually methicillin-susceptible. […] Community-acquired MRSA has become widespread. […] If MRSA is suspected, alternative antibiotics include clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline in patients older than 8 years. […] Erythromycin and clindamycin are alternatives in patients with penicillin hypersensitivity. […] Children with impetigo should avoid close contact with other children if possible. […] Treat traumatized skin with mupirocin because this has been shown to decrease the rates of impetigo spread. […] For patients with recurrent impetigo, asymptomatic family members, and S aureus nasal carriers, prescribe 2% mupirocin cream or ointment (Bactroban) for application inside nostrils 3 times per day for 5 days each month to reduce colonization in the nose. […] Follow-up is important to ensure complete clearing of lesions.

• #35

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/impetigo.aspx

  Five days of topical antiseptic treatment is usually sufficient for treating impetigo. This can be increased to seven days depending on the severity and number of lesions. […] Topical antibiotics are rarely indicated for use in skin infections due to bacterial resistance and the potential for contact dermatitis. However, there may be some instances where a topical antibiotic is considered for treating a small, localised area of impetigo, such as if a topical antiseptic is unsuitable or has been ineffective. […] Oral antibiotics are recommended to treat patients with more than three to five lesions/clusters, bullous impetigo, systemic symptoms or when topical treatment is ineffective. Flucloxacillin is the first-line choice as it is effective against S. aureus and group A streptococci. […] A five day course of oral antibiotics is generally sufficient, but can be increased to seven days depending on the severity and number of lesions. If treatment is unsuccessful after this time, medicine adherence should be checked and swabs can be taken to detect sensitivities.

• #36 Impetigo

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Derm/Bacteria/Imptg.htm

  In most cases, topical agents are preferred. […] Systemics indicated in severe or extensive cases. […] Preferred systemic agents. […] Cephalexin (Keflex). […] Child: 25-50 mg/kg/day divided bid-qid x10 days. […] Adult: 250-500 mg PO qid for 10 days. […] Dicloxacillin. […] Child: 12.5 to 25 mg/kg/day PO divided qid. […] Adult: 250-500 mg PO qid for 5-7 days. […] Given the self-limited nature of Impetigo, consider topical agents only. […] Clindamycin. […] Adult: 300-600 every 6-8 hours for 10 days. […] Child: 10-25 mg/kg/day divided every 6 to 8 hours. […] Doxycycline. […] Adult: 100 mg twice daily for 10 days. […] Child: Do not use under age 8 years old. […] Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Septra). […] Adult: 1 tab twice daily for 10 days. […] Child: 8-10 mg/kg/day (of trimethoprim component) divided twice daily for 10 days.

• #37

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/impetigo.aspx

  Five days of topical antiseptic treatment is usually sufficient for treating impetigo. This can be increased to seven days depending on the severity and number of lesions. […] Topical antibiotics are rarely indicated for use in skin infections due to bacterial resistance and the potential for contact dermatitis. However, there may be some instances where a topical antibiotic is considered for treating a small, localised area of impetigo, such as if a topical antiseptic is unsuitable or has been ineffective. […] Oral antibiotics are recommended to treat patients with more than three to five lesions/clusters, bullous impetigo, systemic symptoms or when topical treatment is ineffective. Flucloxacillin is the first-line choice as it is effective against S. aureus and group A streptococci. […] A five day course of oral antibiotics is generally sufficient, but can be increased to seven days depending on the severity and number of lesions. If treatment is unsuccessful after this time, medicine adherence should be checked and swabs can be taken to detect sensitivities.

• #38 Impetigo

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Derm/Bacteria/Imptg.htm

  In most cases, topical agents are preferred. […] Systemics indicated in severe or extensive cases. […] Preferred systemic agents. […] Cephalexin (Keflex). […] Child: 25-50 mg/kg/day divided bid-qid x10 days. […] Adult: 250-500 mg PO qid for 10 days. […] Dicloxacillin. […] Child: 12.5 to 25 mg/kg/day PO divided qid. […] Adult: 250-500 mg PO qid for 5-7 days. […] Given the self-limited nature of Impetigo, consider topical agents only. […] Clindamycin. […] Adult: 300-600 every 6-8 hours for 10 days. […] Child: 10-25 mg/kg/day divided every 6 to 8 hours. […] Doxycycline. […] Adult: 100 mg twice daily for 10 days. […] Child: Do not use under age 8 years old. […] Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Septra). […] Adult: 1 tab twice daily for 10 days. […] Child: 8-10 mg/kg/day (of trimethoprim component) divided twice daily for 10 days.

• #39 Impetigo – treatments, symptoms and causes | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/impetigo

  Impetigo is usually treated with antibiotics in the form of a cream, ointment, tablets or syrup, depending on the severity of the condition. […] Antibiotics are usually prescribed in the form of a cream, ointment, tablets or syrup depending on the severity of the condition. Always complete the full course of treatment that your doctor prescribes. This will help prevent the infection from coming back and reduce the chance of antibiotic resistance. […] Here are some other things you can do to help manage impetigo and stop it spreading: Wash sores with salty water (1 teaspoon of table salt dissolved in a cup of hot water and left to cool) 2 to 3 times a day. Pat dry, using a new or single-use towel each time, then apply the antibiotic cream as prescribed. Cover sores with waterproof dressings to prevent the spread of infection. Throw all dressings in the bin straight after you take them off and wash your hands. The affected area can become irritable and itchy. It is important to not scratch it because it can make the impetigo spread and get worse. Practice good hand hygiene and keep your fingernails cut short.

• #40 Impetigo: Treatment, Prevention and Advice | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/impetigo

  If there are only a few sores, impetigo is easy to treat with soap, water and a prescription antibiotic cream. They often go away within a week of starting treatment. […] If a large number of sores have spread over the body, your child may also be given a prescription for an antibiotic to take by mouth. It is very important to take all the medicine as ordered, even after the sores have improved. When antibiotics are not used correctly (such as taking too much, missing doses or not finishing a prescription), the infection may come back. The germs may also develop resistance. Resistance can make infections very hard to treat. Sometimes they cannot be treated at all.

• #41 Impetigo | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/impetigo-pro

  Managing impetigo […] Advise good hygiene measures: Keep the affected area(s) clean. Wash hands after touching affected area(s). Avoid sharing of towels and bathwater. Avoid scratching the affected area. Keep fingernails short and clean. Public Health England (PHE) advises that children should stay off school (or adults should stay off work) until lesions are all dry and scabbed over, or the affected person has been on antibiotics for 48 hours. […] Topical antibiotics […] A Cochrane review found good evidence for efficacy of topical mupirocin and fusidic acid, and that they were as effective as oral antibiotic treatment. There was no evidence for topical disinfectants being effective therapy. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Clinical Knowledge Summary on impetigo advises that fusidic acid be used first-line in localised infections, three times a day for seven days. Mupirocin should be reserved for cases where MRSA is the causative organism, to avoid resistance.

• #42 Impetigo | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/impetigo-pro

  Systemic antibiotics […] Oral antibiotics are only needed when infection is extensive or resistant to topical treatment, or causing systemic symptoms. A seven-day course is recommended. Flucloxacillin is recommended as first-line treatment when oral antibiotics are required. Clarithromycin or erythromycin are recommended as second-line for those who are allergic to penicillin, with clarithromycin being preferred, as side-effects are less common. Bullous infection usually requires oral antibiotics. […] NICE recommendations […] To reduce the spread of impetigo, advise about good hygiene measures to reduce the spread of impetigo to other areas of the body and to other people. Localised non-bullous impetigo: Hydrogen peroxide 1% cream for people who are not systemically unwell or at high risk of complications (eg, immunocompromised or co-existing skin conditions). If hydrogen peroxide 1% cream is unsuitable, offer a short course of a topical antibiotic if not systemically unwell or at high risk of complications. First-choice topical antibiotic: fusidic acid 2%. Alternative: mupirocin 2%.

• #43 Impetigo | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/impetigo-pro

  Widespread non-bullous impetigo […] A short course of a topical or oral antibiotic if not systemically unwell or at high risk of complications. Offer a short course of an oral antibiotic for: All people with bullous impetigo. Those with non-bullous impetigo who are systemically unwell or at high risk of complications. First-choice oral antibiotic: flucloxacillin. Alternatives: clarithromycin; erythromycin (in pregnancy). If MRSA is suspected or confirmed: consult a local microbiologist. […] Do not offer combination treatment with a topical and oral antibiotic to treat impetigo. Advise to seek medical help if symptoms worsen rapidly or significantly at any time, or have not improved after completing a course of treatment. Impetigo that is worsening or has not improved after treatment with hydrogen peroxide 1% cream: A short course of a topical antibiotic if the impetigo remains localised; or A short course of a topical or oral antibiotic if the impetigo has become widespread.

• #44 Impetigo | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/impetigo-pro

  Widespread non-bullous impetigo […] A short course of a topical or oral antibiotic if not systemically unwell or at high risk of complications. Offer a short course of an oral antibiotic for: All people with bullous impetigo. Those with non-bullous impetigo who are systemically unwell or at high risk of complications. First-choice oral antibiotic: flucloxacillin. Alternatives: clarithromycin; erythromycin (in pregnancy). If MRSA is suspected or confirmed: consult a local microbiologist. […] Do not offer combination treatment with a topical and oral antibiotic to treat impetigo. Advise to seek medical help if symptoms worsen rapidly or significantly at any time, or have not improved after completing a course of treatment. Impetigo that is worsening or has not improved after treatment with hydrogen peroxide 1% cream: A short course of a topical antibiotic if the impetigo remains localised; or A short course of a topical or oral antibiotic if the impetigo has become widespread.

• #45 Impetigo – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430974/

  Impetigo is a common infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis that is highly contagious and most commonly caused by gram-positive bacteria. […] Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics and symptomatic care. […] Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms and clinical manifestations alone. Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics and symptomatic care. […] Topical antibiotics alone or in conjunction with systemic antibiotics are used to treat impetigo. Antibiotic coverage should cover both S aureus and S pyogenes (i.e. GABHS). […] For localized, uncomplicated, non-bullous impetigo, topical therapy alone is the treatment of choice. […] Systemic antibiotics should be prescribed for all cases of bullous impetigo and cases of non-bullous impetigo with more than five lesions, deep tissue involvement, systemic signs of infection, lymphadenopathy or lesions in the oral cavity.

• #46 Impetigo and Ecthyma – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/bacterial-skin-infections/impetigo-and-ecthyma

  Impetigo may be bullous or nonbullous. Treatment is with topical and sometimes oral antibiotics. […] Treatment for localized impetigo is topical mupirocin antibiotic ointment 3 times a day for 7 days, retapamulin ointment 2 times a day for 5 days, or ozenoxacin 1% cream applied every 12 hours for 5 days. […] Oral antibiotics (eg, dicloxacillin or cephalexin 250 to 500 mg 4 times a day [12.5 mg/kg 4 times a day for children] for 10 days) may be needed in patients who are immunocompromised, who have extensive or resistant impetigo lesions, or who have ecthyma. […] Use of initial empiric therapy against MRSA is not typically advised unless there is compelling clinical evidence. […] Other therapy includes restoring a normal cutaneous barrier in patients with underlying atopic dermatitis or extensive xerosis using topical emollients and corticosteroids if warranted. […] Prompt recovery usually follows timely treatment. Delay can cause cellulitis, lymphangitis, furunculosis, and hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation with or without scarring. […] Treat most cases with topical antibiotics.

• #47 Impetigo Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Topical Antibiotic Treatment, Systemic Antibiotic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965254-treatment

  Treatment of impetigo typically involves local wound care along with antibiotic therapy. Antibiotic therapy for impetigo may be with a topical agent alone or a combination of systemic and topical agents. […] Gentle cleansing, removal of the honey-colored crusts of nonbullous impetigo using antibacterial soap and a washcloth, and frequent application of wet dressings to areas affected by lesions are recommended. […] For antibiotic therapy, the chosen agent must provide coverage against both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. […] Topical mupirocin or retapamulin is adequate treatment for single lesions of nonbullous impetigo or small areas of involvement. Systemic antibiotics are indicated for nonbullous impetigo with extensive involvement, in athletic teams, childcare clusters, multiple family members, or for bullous impetigo.

• #48 Impetigo

  https://www.westdermatology.com/services/impetigo/

  It’s also possible for the infection to go deeper into the skin if you don’t treat it. If this happens, you can develop ecthyma. This infection goes deeper into the skin than impetigo. As the skin heals from ecthyma, scars can form. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and help you feel better faster.

• #49 Impetigo – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/impetigo/symptoms-causes/syc-20352352

  Treatment with antibiotics can limit the spread of impetigo to others. Keep children home from school or day care until they’re no longer contagious usually 24 hours after beginning antibiotic treatment. […] Impetigo is caused by bacteria, usually staphylococci organisms. […] To help prevent impetigo from spreading to others: Gently wash the affected areas with mild soap and running water and then cover lightly with gauze. Wear gloves when applying antibiotic ointment and wash your hands thoroughly afterward. Keep your child with impetigo home until your doctor says they aren’t contagious.

• #50 Impetigo | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/i/impetigo.html

  Antibiotics are the main treatment for impetigo. If you have only a few affected spots that don’t go deeply into your skin, you may be given an antibiotic cream or ointment. You apply this antibiotic to the affected areas of your skin. […] If you have a more severe infection, you will likely need to take an antibiotic by mouth. Your healthcare provider may choose an antibiotic based on the type of bacteria that caused your impetigo. It’s very important to take your antibiotics for as long as your provider prescribes, even if your infection goes away before then. Otherwise there’s a risk your infection will return. […] Your healthcare provider may also give you instructions about cleaning the affected areas with soap and water several times a day. You’ll also need to wash your hands often. This is to help prevent spreading the infection to others. You may also need to cover the affected areas of your body. This can help prevent you from spreading the infection to other areas of your body and to other people.

• #51 Impetigo – treatments, symptoms and causes | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/impetigo

  Impetigo is usually treated with antibiotics in the form of a cream, ointment, tablets or syrup, depending on the severity of the condition. […] Antibiotics are usually prescribed in the form of a cream, ointment, tablets or syrup depending on the severity of the condition. Always complete the full course of treatment that your doctor prescribes. This will help prevent the infection from coming back and reduce the chance of antibiotic resistance. […] Here are some other things you can do to help manage impetigo and stop it spreading: Wash sores with salty water (1 teaspoon of table salt dissolved in a cup of hot water and left to cool) 2 to 3 times a day. Pat dry, using a new or single-use towel each time, then apply the antibiotic cream as prescribed. Cover sores with waterproof dressings to prevent the spread of infection. Throw all dressings in the bin straight after you take them off and wash your hands. The affected area can become irritable and itchy. It is important to not scratch it because it can make the impetigo spread and get worse. Practice good hand hygiene and keep your fingernails cut short.

• #52

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/impetigo.aspx

  Recurrent infection may result from the nasal carriage of causative microorganisms, close contact with others or from fomite colonisation e.g. bed sheets, towels and clothing that may be shared. If nasal carriage is suspected, a nasal swab is required to confirm this and to establish antibiotic susceptibility. A topical antibiotic should be applied inside each nostril, three times daily for seven days.

• #53 Impetigo | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/impetigo-pro

  Impetigo that is worsening or has not improved after completing a course of topical antibiotics: A short course of an oral antibiotic (see the recommendations on choice of antimicrobial); and Consider sending a skin swab for microbiological testing. For people with impetigo that is worsening or has not improved after completing a course of oral antibiotics, consider sending a skin swab for microbiological testing. Impetigo that recurs frequently: Send a skin swab for microbiological testing and review the choice of antibiotic when results are available. Change the antibiotic according to results if symptoms are not improving, using a narrow-spectrum antibiotic if possible. […] Consider taking a nasal swab and starting treatment for decolonisation, eg, nasal mupirocin. Consider testing and decolonising household contacts. Consider recommending the use of an antibacterial wash daily across the whole body, eg, Dermol. Refer to hospital or seek specialist advice if: There is impetigo and any symptoms or signs suggesting a more serious illness or condition (eg, cellulitis). There is widespread impetigo in people who are immunocompromised. There is bullous impetigo, particularly in babies (aged 1 year and under). Impetigo is recurring frequently. The patient is systemically unwell. A high risk of complications exists.

• #54 Impetigo Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Topical Antibiotic Treatment, Systemic Antibiotic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965254-treatment

  Beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotics (eg, cephalosporins, amoxicillin-clavulanate, dicloxacillin) are recommended as S aureus isolates from impetigo are usually methicillin-susceptible. […] Community-acquired MRSA has become widespread. […] If MRSA is suspected, alternative antibiotics include clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline in patients older than 8 years. […] Erythromycin and clindamycin are alternatives in patients with penicillin hypersensitivity. […] Children with impetigo should avoid close contact with other children if possible. […] Treat traumatized skin with mupirocin because this has been shown to decrease the rates of impetigo spread. […] For patients with recurrent impetigo, asymptomatic family members, and S aureus nasal carriers, prescribe 2% mupirocin cream or ointment (Bactroban) for application inside nostrils 3 times per day for 5 days each month to reduce colonization in the nose. […] Follow-up is important to ensure complete clearing of lesions.

• #55 Impetigo: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/impetigo-treatment

  Dermatologists often prescribe an antibiotic that you apply to the skin, such as mupirocin or retapamulin. […] The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved retapamulin to treat impetigo in children as young as 9 months old. Mupirocin is FDA approved to treat people 12 years of age and older. […] If a dermatologist prescribes an antibiotic you apply to the skin, you would apply it to the skin with impetigo. […] Sometimes stronger medicine is necessary. Your dermatologist can prescribe an antibiotic that you take by mouth. A few patients need injections of an antibiotic. […] This also plays an important role in clearing impetigo. […] Adding a small amount of bleach is safe when you follow your dermatologist’s directions. A bath that includes a small amount of bleach can reduce bacteria on the skin, which may prevent new infections.

• #56 Impetigo | Treatment & Helpful Tips

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/i/impetigo

  Impetigo is a common bacterial skin infection. […] Treatment consists of use of appropriate topical antibiotics and good skin care. Occasionally, antibiotics may need to be taken by mouth if the infection is widespread. […] The affected areas should be washed daily with soap or cleanser; soaking with a wet washcloth may help to gently remove crusting, but do not scrub the skin. […] Use of an antibacterial soap or cleanser, such as chlorhexidine, may be helpful in minimizing transmission of the infection. […] An antibiotic ointment should be applied twice daily or as directed by your healthcare provider. […] When possible, the affected area should be covered with a clean bandage. […] In general, children with impetigo are restricted from school and daycare until they have been on treatment for 24 hours. […] Dilute bleach baths done two to three times a week may be helpful. […] Contact your healthcare provider if the impetigo is not improving within two to three days of starting treatment.

• #57 Impetigo – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/impetigo/symptoms-causes/syc-20352352

  Treatment with antibiotics can limit the spread of impetigo to others. Keep children home from school or day care until they’re no longer contagious usually 24 hours after beginning antibiotic treatment. […] Impetigo is caused by bacteria, usually staphylococci organisms. […] To help prevent impetigo from spreading to others: Gently wash the affected areas with mild soap and running water and then cover lightly with gauze. Wear gloves when applying antibiotic ointment and wash your hands thoroughly afterward. Keep your child with impetigo home until your doctor says they aren’t contagious.

• #58 Impetigo: Symptoms, Causes, Pictures, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/impetigo

  Always reach out to a healthcare professional first before trying any home remedies. […] If the lesions cannot be reliably covered, children with impetigo should stay home until they no longer have an active infection that can pass to others. […] Good hygiene is the best way to prevent impetigo. Here are some tips that promote good hygiene: Bathe and wash your hands often to cut down on skin bacteria. […] Inadequate hygiene does not cause impetigo, but it can increase the risk of contracting the bacteria, which can enter a wound or scratch through the broken skin. […] Its advisable to keep the area clean by washing your hands frequently. Some factors can increase your risk of contracting the infection, such as a compromised immune system or having other skin conditions, such as eczema or psoriasis. […] Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection that generally isnt serious. It clears up faster with antibiotics and requires good hygiene to prevent it from spreading.

• #59 What Is Impetigo? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/impetigo/guide/

  Along with prescription medication to get rid of the infection, practice good skin care at home to aid healing. […] Even though impetigo isnt a serious condition when treated, you should take steps to protect yourself and your child from this infection. […] One of the best ways to prevent impetigo is to have your child wash his or her hands with warm soapy water immediately after contact with someone who has the infection. […] To prevent an infection after a skin injury, its important to clean the injury immediately. […] Impetigo is often treated with a topical antibiotic ointment. […] For a severe infection, you may need a prescription oral antibiotic. […] Always cover impetigo sores and keep practicing good hygiene to help prevent its spread.

• #60 Impetigo, Contagious Skin Infection: Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15134-impetigo

  Impetigo treatment includes antibiotics. Within a few days of treatment, your child should start to feel better. […] A provider may prescribe topical antibiotics to put directly on your child’s skin. Impetigo treatments may also include an oral antibiotic (a liquid or pill taken by mouth) if the impetigo covers a large area of your child’s skin or multiple body parts. […] Impetigo medication may include topical mupirocin (Bactroban or Centany) ointment. Oral antibiotics such as cephalosporins, clindamycin (Cleocin) and sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). […] Impetigo won’t go away for everyone in 24 hours. However, some studies have shown that the condition goes away quicker when you use an antibiotic cream. […] Healthcare providers recommend treating it for several reasons: You reduce your risk of developing complications. You reduce your risk of spreading the infection to others. Without treatment, the infection can go deeper into your skin and possibly cause new sores or blisters to develop. […] Impetigo treatment includes antibiotics. A provider may prescribe topical antibiotics to put directly on your child’s skin. Impetigo treatments may also include an oral antibiotic (a liquid or pill taken by mouth) if the impetigo covers a large area of your child’s skin or multiple body parts.

• #61 Impetigo: Tips for Treatment and Prevention – Find a DO | Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine

  https://findado.osteopathic.org/impetigo-common-skin-infection-children

  Impetigo is highly contagious and often starts when a small cut or scratch becomes infected. […] Even though impetigo is not dangerous, complications can occur, such as scarring, kidney damage and cellulitis, a potentially serious infection that could become life-threatening if left untreated. However, with proper medical attention, impetigo can be easily treated. […] The most important way parents can prevent impetigo is by keeping their child’s skin clean. Osteopathic physicians (DOs) recommend giving your child daily baths or showers with anti-bacterial soap and warm water. […] If impetigo is not improved after three days or if any new infected areas appear, a physician should be called immediately. […] If the infected areas are relatively small, DOs suggest trying this simple home remedy: Soak the infected area in warm water for 15 to 20 minutes. Scrub the area gently with a washcloth and antibacterial soap. Apply antibiotic ointments. Cover the area with gauze or a loose plastic bandage, if possible. […] Physicians recommend spreading a thin layer of anti-bacterial ointment under the nose as well as applying it in the nostrils with a Q-tip. These precautions can help eradicate the bacteria that causes the infection.

• #62 Impetigo – school sores | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/impetigo-school-sores

  Impetigo (school sores) is a highly contagious type of skin infection caused by Staphylococcus or Streptococcus bacteria. […] Treatment options include antibiotic cream, ointment, antibiotic syrup or tablets. […] Impetigo can be treated with prescription antibiotic ointments or creams, which need to be reapplied until the sores have completely healed. Antibiotic syrups or tablets may also be prescribed. It is important to complete any course of antibiotics you are prescribed. If left untreated, impetigo can lead to skin abscesses.

• #63 Impetigo | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/i/impetigo.html

  Often the infection will go away in a week or so with the correct treatment. Only rarely does the infection leave scars. Getting treatment quickly also reduces the chances of serious complications. […] If you get repeated bouts of impetigo, your healthcare provider may need to check you for a skin problem that makes it hard for you to fully fight the infection.

• #64 Impetigo: Tips for Treatment and Prevention – Find a DO | Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine

  https://findado.osteopathic.org/impetigo-common-skin-infection-children

  Impetigo is highly contagious and often starts when a small cut or scratch becomes infected. […] Even though impetigo is not dangerous, complications can occur, such as scarring, kidney damage and cellulitis, a potentially serious infection that could become life-threatening if left untreated. However, with proper medical attention, impetigo can be easily treated. […] The most important way parents can prevent impetigo is by keeping their child’s skin clean. Osteopathic physicians (DOs) recommend giving your child daily baths or showers with anti-bacterial soap and warm water. […] If impetigo is not improved after three days or if any new infected areas appear, a physician should be called immediately. […] If the infected areas are relatively small, DOs suggest trying this simple home remedy: Soak the infected area in warm water for 15 to 20 minutes. Scrub the area gently with a washcloth and antibacterial soap. Apply antibiotic ointments. Cover the area with gauze or a loose plastic bandage, if possible. […] Physicians recommend spreading a thin layer of anti-bacterial ointment under the nose as well as applying it in the nostrils with a Q-tip. These precautions can help eradicate the bacteria that causes the infection.

• #65 Impetigo | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/impetigo-pro

  Impetigo that is worsening or has not improved after completing a course of topical antibiotics: A short course of an oral antibiotic (see the recommendations on choice of antimicrobial); and Consider sending a skin swab for microbiological testing. For people with impetigo that is worsening or has not improved after completing a course of oral antibiotics, consider sending a skin swab for microbiological testing. Impetigo that recurs frequently: Send a skin swab for microbiological testing and review the choice of antibiotic when results are available. Change the antibiotic according to results if symptoms are not improving, using a narrow-spectrum antibiotic if possible. […] Consider taking a nasal swab and starting treatment for decolonisation, eg, nasal mupirocin. Consider testing and decolonising household contacts. Consider recommending the use of an antibacterial wash daily across the whole body, eg, Dermol. Refer to hospital or seek specialist advice if: There is impetigo and any symptoms or signs suggesting a more serious illness or condition (eg, cellulitis). There is widespread impetigo in people who are immunocompromised. There is bullous impetigo, particularly in babies (aged 1 year and under). Impetigo is recurring frequently. The patient is systemically unwell. A high risk of complications exists.

• #66 Impetigo – Don’t Forget the Bubbles

  https://dontforgetthebubbles.com/impetigo/

  Impetigo is a blistering skin infection and is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. […] Treatment is with antibiotics and depends on the extensiveness and resistance of the infection. […] Usually, these children are managed with topical antibiotics (mupirocin 2% TDS or fusidic acid 2% TDS) for 5-7 days. They are as effective as oral antibiotics. […] Even a localized superficial infection in neonates should be treated with oral antibiotics (erythromycin for seven days) and a dermatologist should be consulted. […] One of the following oral antibiotics should be used for 7 days to treat this condition. […] If the infection is resistant to the treatment above, or MRSA is suspected, then treatment should be with one of the following antibiotics: […] In children with pyrexia or systemic symptoms, IV antibiotics are indicated. Use one of the following antibiotics. […] These patients should be treated with vancomycin. […] Patients with recurrent infections consider intranasal antibiotics (mupirocin 2% TDS for 7 days) to treat nasal colonization. […] Washing with soap and water twice a day is recommended to reduce skin bacteria.

• #67 Impetigo – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430974/

  In areas of high prevalence of MRSA or if cultures are positive for MRSA, clindamycin or doxycycline are the preferred treatments. […] Children with impetigo should maintain good personal hygiene and avoid other children during the active outbreak. […] If impetigo is recurrent, evaluation for carriage of the causative bacteria should be performed. […] Impetigo is usually managed by an interprofessional team that consists of a nurse practitioner, primary care provider, pediatrician, and a dermatologist. […] While untreated impetigo is often self-limiting, antibiotics decrease the duration of illness and spread of lesions. […] The infectious disease should educate the patient to refrain from touching the skin lesions and the importance of handwashing. […] If cultures are positive for MRSA, clindamycin or doxycycline are the preferred treatments. […] Clinicians should educate the caregivers that children with impetigo should maintain good personal hygiene and avoid other children during the active outbreak.

• #68 Impetigo Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Topical Antibiotic Treatment, Systemic Antibiotic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965254-treatment

  Beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotics (eg, cephalosporins, amoxicillin-clavulanate, dicloxacillin) are recommended as S aureus isolates from impetigo are usually methicillin-susceptible. […] Community-acquired MRSA has become widespread. […] If MRSA is suspected, alternative antibiotics include clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline in patients older than 8 years. […] Erythromycin and clindamycin are alternatives in patients with penicillin hypersensitivity. […] Children with impetigo should avoid close contact with other children if possible. […] Treat traumatized skin with mupirocin because this has been shown to decrease the rates of impetigo spread. […] For patients with recurrent impetigo, asymptomatic family members, and S aureus nasal carriers, prescribe 2% mupirocin cream or ointment (Bactroban) for application inside nostrils 3 times per day for 5 days each month to reduce colonization in the nose. […] Follow-up is important to ensure complete clearing of lesions.

• #69 Impetigo

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/impetigo/

  A GP or pharmacist will check if your symptoms are caused by a more serious skin infection, like cellulitis. […] If it’s impetigo, they can prescribe: hydrogen peroxide cream if it’s in 1 area, antibiotic cream or tablets if it’s more widespread, antibiotic tablets if you have bullous impetigo. […] Babies and people with a weakened immune system may also need antibiotic tablets to stop the infection causing more serious problems. […] A GP can take a swab from your skin to check for the bacteria that causes impetigo. They may also take a swab from inside your nose. […] They might prescribe an antiseptic body wash, nasal ointment, or both, to try to clear the bacteria and stop the impetigo coming back. […] Do not stop taking the antibiotic tablets early, even if the impetigo starts to clear up.

• #70 Impetigo – Don’t Forget the Bubbles

  https://dontforgetthebubbles.com/impetigo/

  Impetigo is a blistering skin infection and is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. […] Treatment is with antibiotics and depends on the extensiveness and resistance of the infection. […] Usually, these children are managed with topical antibiotics (mupirocin 2% TDS or fusidic acid 2% TDS) for 5-7 days. They are as effective as oral antibiotics. […] Even a localized superficial infection in neonates should be treated with oral antibiotics (erythromycin for seven days) and a dermatologist should be consulted. […] One of the following oral antibiotics should be used for 7 days to treat this condition. […] If the infection is resistant to the treatment above, or MRSA is suspected, then treatment should be with one of the following antibiotics: […] In children with pyrexia or systemic symptoms, IV antibiotics are indicated. Use one of the following antibiotics. […] These patients should be treated with vancomycin. […] Patients with recurrent infections consider intranasal antibiotics (mupirocin 2% TDS for 7 days) to treat nasal colonization. […] Washing with soap and water twice a day is recommended to reduce skin bacteria.

• #71 Impetigo

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/impetigo/

  A GP or pharmacist will check if your symptoms are caused by a more serious skin infection, like cellulitis. […] If it’s impetigo, they can prescribe: hydrogen peroxide cream if it’s in 1 area, antibiotic cream or tablets if it’s more widespread, antibiotic tablets if you have bullous impetigo. […] Babies and people with a weakened immune system may also need antibiotic tablets to stop the infection causing more serious problems. […] A GP can take a swab from your skin to check for the bacteria that causes impetigo. They may also take a swab from inside your nose. […] They might prescribe an antiseptic body wash, nasal ointment, or both, to try to clear the bacteria and stop the impetigo coming back. […] Do not stop taking the antibiotic tablets early, even if the impetigo starts to clear up.

• #72 Impetigo | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/impetigo-pro

  Impetigo that is worsening or has not improved after completing a course of topical antibiotics: A short course of an oral antibiotic (see the recommendations on choice of antimicrobial); and Consider sending a skin swab for microbiological testing. For people with impetigo that is worsening or has not improved after completing a course of oral antibiotics, consider sending a skin swab for microbiological testing. Impetigo that recurs frequently: Send a skin swab for microbiological testing and review the choice of antibiotic when results are available. Change the antibiotic according to results if symptoms are not improving, using a narrow-spectrum antibiotic if possible. […] Consider taking a nasal swab and starting treatment for decolonisation, eg, nasal mupirocin. Consider testing and decolonising household contacts. Consider recommending the use of an antibacterial wash daily across the whole body, eg, Dermol. Refer to hospital or seek specialist advice if: There is impetigo and any symptoms or signs suggesting a more serious illness or condition (eg, cellulitis). There is widespread impetigo in people who are immunocompromised. There is bullous impetigo, particularly in babies (aged 1 year and under). Impetigo is recurring frequently. The patient is systemically unwell. A high risk of complications exists.

• #73 Impetigo: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/impetigo-treatment

  Dermatologists recommend treating impetigo. It can help cure the impetigo and prevent others from getting this highly contagious skin infection. […] With treatment, impetigo is usually no longer contagious within 24 to 48 hours. […] If you see anything on your skin that looks infected, it’s best to see a board-certified dermatologist as soon as possible. An early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and help you feel better.

• #74 Impetigo Treatment: Get Treated for Impetigo Today

  https://plushcare.com/get-impetigo-treatment-online/

  Seeking treatment as soon as possible can help you avoid scarring and serious complications. […] It’s important to take your antibiotics as prescribed until you finish treatment, even if your infection goes away. […] Talk to your healthcare provider if you notice any symptoms of impetigo, especially if you’ve come into contact with an infected person. […] Doctors can typically provide an impetigo diagnosis through a visual exam and prescribe impetigo treatment online if needed. […] An online doctor or your local health practitioner can assess the severity and prescribe the right antibiotic to get you feeling better quickly.

• #75 Impetigo: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0815/p229.html

  Impetigo is the most common bacterial skin infection in children two to five years of age. […] Treatment includes topical antibiotics such as mupirocin, retapamulin, and fusidic acid. Oral antibiotic therapy can be used for impetigo with large bullae or when topical therapy is impractical. […] Topical antibiotics are more effective than placebo and preferable to oral antibiotics for limited impetigo. […] Oral penicillin should not be used for impetigo because it is less effective than other antibiotics. […] There is insufficient evidence to recommend topical disinfectants for the treatment of impetigo. […] The ideal treatment should be effective, be inexpensive, have limited adverse effects, and should not promote bacterial resistance. […] Topical antibiotics have the advantage of being applied only where needed, minimizing antibiotic resistance and avoiding gastrointestinal and other systemic adverse effects.

• #76 JMIR Dermatology – From the Cochrane Library: Interventions for Impetigo

  https://derma.jmir.org/2021/2/e33433

  Impetigo is a contagious, superficial skin infection, most commonly affecting children, caused by Staphylococcus aureus, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes), or both pathogens in combination. […] While untreated impetigo is often self-limited, treatment is important for symptom control, limiting the spread of infection and minimizing the risk of developing life-threatening complications. […] Current treatment options for impetigo, summarized in Table 1, include topical and systemic antibiotics, as well as topical disinfectants. […] Topical antibiotics (mupirocin, retapamulin, fusidic acid) were found to be more effective than the placebo and preferable to oral antibiotics for limited impetigo. […] In industrialized settings, data continue to support the use of topical mupirocin and retapamulin as first-line treatments for primary impetigo. Current guidelines recommend topical antibiotics as the initial therapy for most patients. […] In patients with numerous lesions, ulceration into the dermis, or in outbreaks affecting several people, oral antibiotics are preferred. […] The commonality of impetigo and its rapidly changing antibiotic resistance patterns make it a moving target.

• #77 Impetigo – treatments, symptoms and causes | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/impetigo

  Impetigo is usually treated with antibiotics in the form of a cream, ointment, tablets or syrup, depending on the severity of the condition. […] Antibiotics are usually prescribed in the form of a cream, ointment, tablets or syrup depending on the severity of the condition. Always complete the full course of treatment that your doctor prescribes. This will help prevent the infection from coming back and reduce the chance of antibiotic resistance. […] Here are some other things you can do to help manage impetigo and stop it spreading: Wash sores with salty water (1 teaspoon of table salt dissolved in a cup of hot water and left to cool) 2 to 3 times a day. Pat dry, using a new or single-use towel each time, then apply the antibiotic cream as prescribed. Cover sores with waterproof dressings to prevent the spread of infection. Throw all dressings in the bin straight after you take them off and wash your hands. The affected area can become irritable and itchy. It is important to not scratch it because it can make the impetigo spread and get worse. Practice good hand hygiene and keep your fingernails cut short.

• #78 Impetigo | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/i/impetigo.html

  Antibiotics are the main treatment for impetigo. If you have only a few affected spots that don’t go deeply into your skin, you may be given an antibiotic cream or ointment. You apply this antibiotic to the affected areas of your skin. […] If you have a more severe infection, you will likely need to take an antibiotic by mouth. Your healthcare provider may choose an antibiotic based on the type of bacteria that caused your impetigo. It’s very important to take your antibiotics for as long as your provider prescribes, even if your infection goes away before then. Otherwise there’s a risk your infection will return. […] Your healthcare provider may also give you instructions about cleaning the affected areas with soap and water several times a day. You’ll also need to wash your hands often. This is to help prevent spreading the infection to others. You may also need to cover the affected areas of your body. This can help prevent you from spreading the infection to other areas of your body and to other people.

• #79

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/impetigo.aspx

  Recurrent infection may result from the nasal carriage of causative microorganisms, close contact with others or from fomite colonisation e.g. bed sheets, towels and clothing that may be shared. If nasal carriage is suspected, a nasal swab is required to confirm this and to establish antibiotic susceptibility. A topical antibiotic should be applied inside each nostril, three times daily for seven days.

• #80 Impetigo Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Topical Antibiotic Treatment, Systemic Antibiotic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965254-treatment

  Beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotics (eg, cephalosporins, amoxicillin-clavulanate, dicloxacillin) are recommended as S aureus isolates from impetigo are usually methicillin-susceptible. […] Community-acquired MRSA has become widespread. […] If MRSA is suspected, alternative antibiotics include clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline in patients older than 8 years. […] Erythromycin and clindamycin are alternatives in patients with penicillin hypersensitivity. […] Children with impetigo should avoid close contact with other children if possible. […] Treat traumatized skin with mupirocin because this has been shown to decrease the rates of impetigo spread. […] For patients with recurrent impetigo, asymptomatic family members, and S aureus nasal carriers, prescribe 2% mupirocin cream or ointment (Bactroban) for application inside nostrils 3 times per day for 5 days each month to reduce colonization in the nose. […] Follow-up is important to ensure complete clearing of lesions.

Zobacz więcej