Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hemorrhoids: From basic pathophysiology to clinical management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3342598/

  Hemorrhoids are a very common anorectal condition defined as the symptomatic enlargement and distal displacement of the normal anal cushions. They affect millions of people around the world, and represent a major medical and socioeconomic problem. Multiple factors have been claimed to be the etiologies of hemorrhoidal development, including constipation and prolonged straining. […] The exact pathophysiology of hemorrhoidal development is poorly understood. For years the theory of varicose veins, which postulated that hemorrhoids were caused by varicose veins in the anal canal, had been popular but now it is obsolete because hemorrhoids and anorectal varices are proven to be distinct entities. […] Today, the theory of sliding anal canal lining is widely accepted. This proposes that hemorrhoids develop when the supporting tissues of the anal cushions disintegrate or deteriorate. Hemorrhoids are therefore the pathological term to describe the abnormal downward displacement of the anal cushions causing venous dilatation.

• #1 Hemorrhoids – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemorrhoids/symptoms-causes/syc-20360268

  Hemorrhoids can develop from increased pressure in the lower rectum due to: […] The veins around the anus tend to stretch under pressure and may bulge or swell. […] As people age, the risk of hemorrhoids increases. That’s because the tissues that support the veins in the rectum and anus can weaken and stretch. This also can happen during pregnancy because the baby’s weight puts pressure on the anal region.

• #1 Haemorrhoids (piles) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/haemorrhoids-piles/

  The exact cause of haemorrhoids is unclear, but theyre associated with increased pressure in the blood vessels in and around your anus. This pressure can cause the blood vessels in your back passage to become swollen and inflamed. […] Many cases are thought to be caused by too much straining on the toilet, due to prolonged constipation this is often due to a lack of fibre in a persons diet. Chronic (long-term) diarrhoea can also make you more vulnerable to getting haemorrhoids. […] Other factors that might increase your risk of developing haemorrhoids include: being overweight or obese, age as you get older, your bodys supporting tissues get weaker, increasing your risk of haemorrhoids, being pregnant which can place increased pressure on your pelvic blood vessels, causing them to enlarge, having a family history of haemorrhoids, regularly lifting heavy objects, a persistent cough or repeated vomiting, sitting down for long periods of time.

• #1 Symptoms & Causes of Hemorrhoids – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/hemorrhoids/symptoms-causes

  The causes of hemorrhoids include […] straining during bowel movements […] sitting on the toilet for long periods of time […] chronic constipation or diarrhea […] a low-fiber diet […] weakening of the supporting tissues in your anus and rectum that happens with aging […] pregnancy […] often lifting heavy objects

• #1 Hemorrhoids: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/73938

  Sitting for too long: Spending a long time in a seated position, especially on the toilet, can cause hemorrhoids. […] Diet: Eating low fiber foods may contribute to hemorrhoids. […] Heavy lifting: Repeatedly lifting heavy objects can lead to hemorrhoids. […] Anal intercourse: This can cause new hemorrhoids or worsen existing ones. […] Weight: Research links being overweight to a higher risk of hemorrhoids. This may result from increased pressure within the abdomen.

• #1 What Causes Hemorrhoids? | Georgia Hemorrhoid Instituteclosechevron-downtwitterfacebookbarslinkedinyoutube-playinstagram

  https://www.georgiahae.com/what-causes-hemorrhoids/

  Hemorrhoids can develop during pregnancy due to increased pressure on the abdomen. This pressure can slow down the digestive system and cause constipation. Additionally, hormonal imbalances during pregnancy can contribute to the swelling of blood vessels, leading to hemorrhoids. […] A sedentary lifestyle and obesity are two factors that contribute to hemorrhoids. Remaining seated for prolonged periods, such as at a desk job, can cause pressure on the veins in the rectal area. Additionally, carrying excess weight can put added force on the abdomen, contributing to hemorrhoids. […] Prolonged sitting, aging, and certain medical conditions can also contribute to the onset of hemorrhoids. As we age, the veins in the rectum and anus can weaken, making them more susceptible to swelling and inflammation. Certain medical conditions, such as liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic constipation, can also contribute to hemorrhoids. […] While stress itself does not directly cause hemorrhoids, it can contribute to the development or aggravation of the condition. Stress can lead to various lifestyle changes and behaviors that increase the risk of developing hemorrhoids.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-piles-(haemorrhoids).aspx

  Liver cirrhosis leads to swollen and engorged veins within the rectum called varicose veins. These may occur without constipation and may lead to bleeding and other complications. Ascitis or collection of excess fluids within the abdomen also leads to risk of piles. Ascitis is caused by liver diseases like cirrhosis. The swollen abdomen also presses on the blood vessels leading to piles. […] Chronic cough persistently raises the pressure within the abdomen and may lead to piles […] Persons practicing anal intercourse over a prolonged period of time are at risk of piles. This is caused by weakening of the anal and rectal muscles. […] Persons who have had surgery of the rectum or anus before are at a similar risk of piles since the muscles of their rectum and anus may be weak and straining may lead to piles.

• #1 Hemorrhoids: From basic pathophysiology to clinical management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3342598/

  Several enzymes or mediators involving the degradation of supporting tissues in the anal cushions have been studied. Among these, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), a zinc-dependent proteinase, is one of the most potent enzymes, being capable of degrading extracellular proteins such as elastin, fibronectin, and collagen. […] Based on the histological findings of abnormal venous dilatation and distortion in hemorrhoids, dysregulation of the vascular tone might play a role in hemorrhoidal development. […] Several physiological changes in the anal canal of patients with hemorrhoids have been observed. […] Constipation and prolonged straining are widely believed to cause hemorrhoids because hard stool and increased intraabdominal pressure could cause obstruction of venous return, resulting in engorgement of the hemorrhoidal plexus. […] However, recent evidence questions the importance of constipation in the development of this common disorder.

• #1 Understanding Hemorrhoids | Causes of Hemorrhoids

  https://anusol.ca/en/understanding-hemorrhoids/causes-of-hemorrhoids

  Heavy lifting – It can be weights at the gym or heavy boxes at work. Any activities that put pressure on your abdomen can increase your chances of having hemorrhoids, even something like slouching when you’re sitting, or prolonged sitting/standing. […] Obesity – Obesity can also put your abdomen under strain. […] A poor diet – A diet high in refined carbohydrates, low in fibre and lacking whole grains and fresh fruit and vegetables can contribute to inflammation and hemorrhoids. A lack of nutrients that support healthy vascular function can increase your risk for as well as the severity of hemorrhoids. […] Pregnancy and childbirth – The weight of your developing baby, constipation, and pushing during labour make hemorrhoids common. […] Adding to the above factors, your chances of experiencing hemorrhoids increase with age. So, if you are over 45, take extra notice of what you can do to decrease your chances of getting hemorrhoids.

• #1 Hemorrhoids: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/73938

  Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum. When the walls of these vessels stretch, they can become irritated. Older age, pregnancy, and constipation can cause piles. […] Although healthcare professionals do not fully understand why hemorrhoids appear, they may occur for the following reasons: […] Pregnancy: During pregnancy, the increasing weight of the developing fetus and uterus put pressure on the pelvis. Hemorrhoids may occur in up to 35% of pregnant people. […] Aging: Hemorrhoids are most common among adults ages 45-65 years. However, young people and children can also get them. […] Diarrhea: Hemorrhoids can occur after cases of chronic diarrhea. […] Chronic constipation: Straining to move a stool puts additional pressure on the walls of the blood vessels, which may result in hemorrhoids.

• #1 Hemorrhoids and what to do about them – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/hemorrhoids_and_what_to_do_about_them

  Hemorrhoids are usually caused by increased pressure due to pregnancy, being overweight, or straining during bowel movements. […] Traditionally, hemorrhoids are associated with chronic constipation, straining during bowel movements, and prolonged sitting on the toilet all of which interfere with blood flow to and from the area, causing it to pool and enlarge the vessels. […] More recent studies show that patients with hemorrhoids tend to have a higher resting anal canal tone that is, the smooth muscle of the anal canal tends to be tighter than average (even when not straining). […] Finally, the connective tissues that support and hold hemorrhoids in place can weaken with age, causing hemorrhoids to bulge and prolapse.

• #1 Hemorrhoids: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/hemorrhoids

  What causes hemorrhoids? Hemorrhoids are essentially varicose veins that affect your anal area. Any time you strain, you put pressure on them. […] Some causes of hemorrhoids include: […] Straining due to weightlifting. Exercise itself may be protective against hemorrhoids, as it helps you lose weight that may be associated with hemorrhoids. But if you strain while you lift, it can put pressure on rectal vessels, which may lead to hemorrhoids. […] Sitting for a long time. This increases pressure on anal veins, raising the risk of hemorrhoids. […] Pushing hard to have a bowel movement. Pushing down during a BM can put pressure on the muscles and veins in the pelvic floor, resulting in hemorrhoids. […] Chronic constipation or diarrhea. Constant straining can lead to hemorrhoids. […] A low-fiber diet. This can cause constipation and, in some cases, hemorrhoids. […] Pregnancy. During pregnancy, increased blood volume enlarges all veins, including the ones in the rectum. In addition, the weight of the fetus presses on the veins in your pelvis and alters blood flow. In some cases, this can lead to hemorrhoids.

• #1 Causes & Symptoms Of Haemorrhoids in Women | A Comprehensive Guide – FeM Surgery

  https://www.femsurgery.com/female-hemorrhoids-causes-symptoms/

  Pregnancy is a common cause of haemorrhoids in women, especially in the later stages of pregnancy when the uterus is enlarged and puts pressure on the veins. Changes in estrogen and progesterone levels during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause can also cause veins to swell and become inflamed, another risk factor for haemorrhoids. […] A diet low in fibre can contribute to the development of haemorrhoids. As fibre helps to soften stools and regulate bowel movements, reducing the need to strain, a diet low in fibre could possibly lead to constipation, which increases the likelihood of developing haemorrhoids. […] Obesity is another significant risk factor for haemorrhoids, particularly in women. Excess body weight puts pressure on the pelvic veins, increasing the chances of developing swollen veins in the rectal area.

• #1 What Causes Hemorrhoids? | Georgia Hemorrhoid Instituteclosechevron-downtwitterfacebookbarslinkedinyoutube-playinstagram

  https://www.georgiahae.com/what-causes-hemorrhoids/

  Hemorrhoids are a medical concern affecting the veins in the rectum and anus. They are classified into two broad categories: external hemorrhoids and internal hemorrhoids. External hemorrhoids occur outside the anal cavity beneath the skin around the anus. Internal hemorrhoids develop within the rectum and are not visible unless they prolapse and protrude outside the anus. […] The exact causes of hemorrhoids are not entirely understood, but multiple factors can contribute to their occurrence. […] If you have a family history of hemorrhoids, you may be more likely to develop them yourself. This could be due to the genetics of blood vessel structure or strength, making it more prone to swelling and inflammation. […] Constipation is another common cause of hemorrhoids. When stool becomes compact and dry, it can irritate the rectum’s veins, causing them to swell and enlarge. Constipation often results from a lack of fiber in the diet or insufficient water intake.

• #1 What Causes Hemorrhoids? | Texas Hemorrhoid Instituteclosechevron-downtwitterfacebookbarsyoutube-playinstagram

  https://www.texashae.com/what-causes-hemorrhoids/

  What Causes Hemorrhoids? […] Understanding the causes of hemorrhoids can help in preventing their development or managing their symptoms. […] While anyone can develop hemorrhoids, certain factors can make some people more prone to experiencing this condition. […] Understanding why certain people are predisposed to hemorrhoids requires examining various contributing factors. […] Pregnancy can make hemorrhoids more likely to occur. As the uterus grows, it puts added strain on the veins in the pelvic area, leading to the development of hemorrhoids. […] Research has shown there is a familial aggregation of hemorrhoids, indicating a possible genetic predisposition. Several studies have found that people with a family history of hemorrhoids are more likely to develop the condition themselves.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-piles-(haemorrhoids).aspx

  Those whose occupation require sitting for long durations are at risk of pressure on the anal blood vessels that may lead to piles. […] Pregnancy is one of the most common risk factors of piles. With the growing baby within the pelvis the blood vessels in the pelvis get pressed and this leads to enlargement of the anal and rectal blood vessels and development of piles. These piles usually disappear after child birth. […] Risk of piles rises with age. Those over 50 are at a greater risk of piles. This is because the supporting tissues of the rectum and anal canal get weaker with age and thus give way to allow piles to develop. […] Some individuals have a familial risk of developing piles. They may inherit weaker blood vessels that have a greater risk of swelling and leading to piles. […] Infections around the anal canal also render the blood vessels weak and straining and constipation may raise the risk of piles.

• #1 What Causes Hemorrhoids? | Texas Hemorrhoid Instituteclosechevron-downtwitterfacebookbarsyoutube-playinstagram

  https://www.texashae.com/what-causes-hemorrhoids/

  Hemorrhoids are primarily caused by increased arterial and rectal pressure. In some cases, inherited weaknesses in these blood vessels may contribute to developing hemorrhoids. […] Obesity is characterized by excessive body weight and an increased body mass index (BMI). While obesity itself is not a direct cause of hemorrhoids, it is believed to contribute to their development through several factors. […] One of the main reasons obese people are more prone to hemorrhoids is the increased pressure on the rectal veins. […] While constipation may not directly cause hemorrhoids, it can contribute to their development and aggravate existing hemorrhoids. […] Age can be a contributing factor to the development of hemorrhoids. […] While the direct link between stress and hemorrhoids is not yet fully understood, several studies have explored this association. […] Stress can lead to changes in bowel habits, including irregular bowel movements, constipation, or diarrhea.

• #1 What Causes Hemorrhoids: Top 10 Reasons for Hemorrhoids – Tua Saúde

  https://www.tuasaude.com/en/what-causes-hemorrhoids/

  Hemorrhoids are commonly caused by straining with bowel movements from constipation or diarrhea. Changes in stool form and consistency can encourage more straining and effort when trying to evacuate, which can lead to hemorrhoids developing and becoming palpable and painful. […] Hemorrhoids can also be caused by obesity, pregnancy, weight lifting, or prolonged periods of standing or sitting. These reasons are related to excess pressure being put on the anus and rectum, leading to swelling in the veins in the area. […] Chronic diarrhea is characterized by frequent, soft or liquid bowel movements that lasts for over 4 weeks. Chronic diarrhea can cause hemorrhoids due to the inflammation that the stool causes on the anal mucosa. […] Hemorrhoids are often a consequence of excessive weight. In addition, the habits of the person who is overweight such as sedentarism, and a fat-rich diet usually lead to an overall decrease in bowel movements, causing constipation and difficulty passing stool.

• #1 Hemorrhoids: Background, Anatomy, Etiology and Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/775407-overview

  Most authors agree that low-fiber diets cause small-caliber stools, which result in straining during defecation. This increased pressure causes engorgement of the hemorrhoids, possibly by interfering with venous return. […] Pregnancy clearly predisposes women to symptoms from hemorrhoids, although the etiology is unknown. […] Portal hypertension has often been mentioned in conjunction with hemorrhoids. […] Other risk factors historically associated with the development of hemorrhoids include the following: Lack of erect posture, Familial tendency, Higher socioeconomic status, Chronic diarrhea, Colon malignancy, Hepatic disease, Obesity, Elevated anal resting pressure, Spinal cord injury, Loss of rectal muscle tone, Rectal surgery, Episiotomy, Anal intercourse, Inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis, and Crohn disease. […] Internal hemorrhoids cannot cause cutaneous pain, because they are above the dentate line and are not innervated by cutaneous nerves. However, they can bleed, prolapse, and, as a result of the deposition of an irritant onto the sensitive perianal skin, cause perianal itching and irritation.

• #1 What Causes Hemorrhoids: Top 10 Reasons for Hemorrhoids – Tua Saúde

  https://www.tuasaude.com/en/what-causes-hemorrhoids/

  Low fiber intake can lead to less frequent bowel movements as well as dry, hard feces, which results in pain when passing stool. […] People with professions that require prolonged standing can lead to decreased blood circulation. This increases pressure on the blood vessels around the anal region, increasing your risk for hemorrhoids. […] Even though hemorrhoids can appear at any age, they are more frequent in people over 45 years old. With normal aging, it is common for supportive tissues of the rectal vessels to weaken and stretch. […] Food that is very spicy or saucy can lead to anal inflammation and hemorrhoids. This can also happen with excessive alcohol intake.

• #1 Hemorrhoids: Background, Anatomy, Etiology and Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/775407-overview

  Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in the lower rectum. They are among the most common causes of anal pathology, and subsequently are blamed for virtually any anorectal complaint by patients and medical professionals alike. […] Hemorrhoids generally cause symptoms when they become enlarged, inflamed, thrombosed, or prolapsed. […] Most symptoms arise from enlarged internal hemorrhoids. Abnormal swelling of the anal cushions causes dilatation and engorgement of the arteriovenous plexuses. This leads to stretching of the suspensory muscles and eventual prolapse of rectal tissue through the anal canal. […] Although many patients and clinicians believe that hemorrhoids are caused by chronic constipation, prolonged sitting, and vigorous straining, little evidence to support a causative link exists.

• #1 Hemorrhoids – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/hemorrhoids-a-to-z

  Hemorrhoids are lumps or masses of tissue in the anus, which contain enlarged blood vessels. Any increase in abdominal pressure may produce hemorrhoids. This may be from: […] Many patients have no apparent explanation for the formation of hemorrhoids, however. […] Hemorrhoids are more likely to develop in individuals who eat insufficient dietary fiber and don’t get enough exercise, which can lead to repeated episodes of constipation and straining to have bowel movements. […] Hemorrhoids are not dangerous, and only need to be treated if they cause very bothersome symptoms. If hemorrhoids occur during pregnancy, they will usually regress spontaneously after childbirth. For hemorrhoids related to constipation, the prognosis is also good, provided you make the necessary changes to your diet and lifestyle. For hemorrhoids that cause persistent symptoms despite nonsurgical treatment, the results from office treatment or surgery are usually very good.

• #1 What Causes Hemorrhoids? – Consensus: AI Search Engine for Research

  https://consensus.app/home/blog/what-causes-hemorrhoids/

  Hemorrhoids are caused by a combination of anatomical, physiological, dietary, and lifestyle factors. […] The human erect posture, irregular bowel habits, and increased pressure on rectal veins are significant contributors. […] Understanding the causes of hemorrhoids is crucial for prevention and effective treatment. […] One of the primary anatomical factors contributing to hemorrhoids is the human erect posture. […] The pressure exerted on the rectal veins due to standing and sitting positions can lead to the development of hemorrhoids. […] The vascular structure of the rectal area also plays a significant role. […] Hemorrhoids are essentially varicose veins of the rectum, and any condition that increases pressure in these veins can lead to their swelling and inflammation. […] Irregular bowel habits and functional bowel disorders are significant contributors to hemorrhoids. […] These symptoms are more prevalent in hemorrhoid patients compared to control groups, suggesting a strong link between bowel habits and hemorrhoid development.

• #1

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/hemorrhoids

  Often described as „varicose veins of the anus and rectum, hemorrhoids are enlarged, bulging blood vessels in and around the anus and lower rectum. […] The exact cause of hemorrhoids is unknown. A lot of pressure is put on human rectal veins due to our upright posture, which can potentially cause bulging. Other contributing factors include: Aging, Chronic constipation or diarrhea, Pregnancy, Heredity, Straining during bowel movements, Faulty bowel function due to overuse of laxatives or enemas, Spending long periods of time on the toilet (e.g., reading). […] Hemorrhoids do not increase the risk of colorectal cancer nor cause it. However, more serious conditions can cause similar symptoms. Even when a hemorrhoid has healed completely, your colon and rectal surgeon may request other tests. A colonoscopy may be done to rule out other causes of rectal bleeding.

• #1 Large genetic study sheds light on the causes of hemorrhoids | Karolinska Institutet

  https://news.ki.se/large-genetic-study-sheds-light-on-the-causes-of-hemorrhoids

  Although hemorrhoids are a common health problem, relatively little is known about the field, possibly because many people find them difficult to talk about. […] Researchers linked to Karolinska Institutet have been involved in a study that has analysed the genomes of almost a million people and found previously unknown causes of severe hemorrhoids. […] The studys results indicate that severe hemorrhoidal disease is at least partly attributable to a genetically caused dysfunction of the intestinal muscle and connective tissue. […] The results identify hitherto unknown causes of a common health problem, says the studys first author Tenghao Zheng, researcher at the Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02618390

  There are two main types of hemorrhoidsvascular and mucosal. Vascular piles, occurring most commonly in young men, are caused by straining at defecation, when the anal sphincter relaxes, subjecting the anorectal tissues to a high pressure gradient. […] Mucosal piles, usually found in pregnant women and the aged, are caused by deterioration of the function of the anal sphincter muscle. […] There is no evidence that any other etiologic factor is of significance in the causation of piles.

• #1

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/hemorrhoids

  The tissues supporting the vessels stretch. As a result, the vessels expand, the walls thin and bleeding occurs. When the stretching and pressure continue, the weakened vessels protrude. […] The two types of hemorrhoids, external and internal, refer to their location. […] Internal (inside) hemorrhoids form within the anus beneath the lining. Painless bleeding and protrusion during bowel movements are the most common symptoms. However, an internal hemorrhoid can cause severe pain if it is completely prolapsed. This means it has slid out of the anal opening and cannot be pushed back inside. […] External (outside) hemorrhoids form near the anus and are covered by sensitive skin. They are usually painless unless a blood clot (thrombosis) forms or they become very swollen. […] Thrombosed external hemorrhoids are blood clots that form in an outer hemorrhoid in the anal skin. If the clots are large, they can cause significant pain. A painful anal mass may appear suddenly and get worse during the first 48 hours. The pain generally lessens over the next few days. You may notice bleeding if the skin on top opens.

• #1

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/hemorrhoids-expanded-version

  The majority of factors thought to produce symptomatic hemorrhoids are associated with an increased pressure within the abdomen that gets transmitted to the anal region. Some of these factors include: straining when having a bowel movement, constipation, diarrhea, pregnancy, and irregular bowel patterns. […] It seems that, over time, these factors may contribute to the prolapse of internal hemorrhoidal tissue or enlargement of or thrombosis of external hemorrhoidal tissue.

• #1 Common Causes Of Internal Hemorrhoids

  https://www.usahemorrhoidcenters.com/internal-hemorrhoids/causes/

  Ultimately, several factors often influence internal hemorrhoid development. Here are some of the most common causes. […] Straining During Bowel Movements or Heavy Lifting […] Chronic Constipation […] Prolonged Sitting […] Pregnancy and Childbirth […] Obesity […] Lack of Physical Activity […] Internal hemorrhoids are caused by pressure from straining, being overweight, or pregnancy. All of these factors can stress the cushions of veins around the lower rectum, causing them to become swollen and inflamed. […] Pressure from straining can cause internal hemorrhoids to get worse. […] The best way to prevent internal hemorrhoids from developing is to avoid putting pressure on the rectum. […] Eating a high-fiber diet and drinking plenty of water can reduce constipation, preventing straining during a bowel movement. Avoiding sitting for long periods and getting regular exercise can keep blood flowing, helping to prevent the veins in the rectum or anus from becoming swollen. […] Internal hemorrhoids can go away on their own, especially if the factors that may have caused hemorrhoids are addressed.

• #2 Hemorrhoids: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hemorrhoids-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Hemorrhoids are normal vascular structures in the anal canal, arising from a channel of arteriovenous connective tissues that drains into the superior and inferior hemorrhoidal veins. The cardinal features of hemorrhoidal disease include bleeding, anal pruritus, prolapse, and pain due to thrombosis. […] Hemorrhoids arise from a plexus or cushion of dilated arteriovenous channels and connective tissue. Hemorrhoidal veins are normal anatomic structures located in the submucosal layer in the lower rectum and may be external or internal based upon whether they are below or above the dentate line. […] Internal hemorrhoids are proximal to or above the dentate line. Internal hemorrhoids arise from the superior hemorrhoidal cushion. Their three primary locations (left lateral, right anterior, and right posterior) correspond to the end branches of the middle and superior hemorrhoidal veins. […] Internal hemorrhoids are further subclassified into four grades based on the degree of prolapse from the anal canal.

• #2 Hemorrhoids: From basic pathophysiology to clinical management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3342598/

  Several enzymes or mediators involving the degradation of supporting tissues in the anal cushions have been studied. Among these, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), a zinc-dependent proteinase, is one of the most potent enzymes, being capable of degrading extracellular proteins such as elastin, fibronectin, and collagen. […] Based on the histological findings of abnormal venous dilatation and distortion in hemorrhoids, dysregulation of the vascular tone might play a role in hemorrhoidal development. […] Several physiological changes in the anal canal of patients with hemorrhoids have been observed. […] Constipation and prolonged straining are widely believed to cause hemorrhoids because hard stool and increased intraabdominal pressure could cause obstruction of venous return, resulting in engorgement of the hemorrhoidal plexus. […] However, recent evidence questions the importance of constipation in the development of this common disorder.

• #2 Hemorrhoids Treatment, Symptoms, Causes & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15120-hemorrhoids

  Hemorrhoids can happen inside or outside of your rectum. The type depends on where the swollen vein develops. Types include: […] Straining puts pressure on veins in your anus or rectum, causing hemorrhoids. You might think of them as varicose veins that affect your bottom. […] Any sort of straining that increases pressure on your belly or lower extremities can cause anal and rectal veins to become swollen and inflamed. Hemorrhoids may develop due to: […] Pelvic pressure from weight gain, especially during pregnancy. […] Pushing hard to have a bowel movement (poop) because of constipation. […] Straining to lift heavy objects or weightlifting.

• #2 Hemorrhoids | Piles | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhoids.html

  Hemorrhoids happen when there is too much pressure on the veins around the anus. This can be caused by: […] Straining during bowel movements. […] Sitting on the toilet for long periods of time. […] Chronic constipation or diarrhea. […] A low-fiber diet. […] Weakening of the supporting tissues in your anus and rectum. This can happen with aging and pregnancy. […] Frequently lifting heavy objects.

• #2 Hemorrhoids: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/hemorrhoids

  What causes hemorrhoids? Hemorrhoids are essentially varicose veins that affect your anal area. Any time you strain, you put pressure on them. […] Some causes of hemorrhoids include: […] Straining due to weightlifting. Exercise itself may be protective against hemorrhoids, as it helps you lose weight that may be associated with hemorrhoids. But if you strain while you lift, it can put pressure on rectal vessels, which may lead to hemorrhoids. […] Sitting for a long time. This increases pressure on anal veins, raising the risk of hemorrhoids. […] Pushing hard to have a bowel movement. Pushing down during a BM can put pressure on the muscles and veins in the pelvic floor, resulting in hemorrhoids. […] Chronic constipation or diarrhea. Constant straining can lead to hemorrhoids. […] A low-fiber diet. This can cause constipation and, in some cases, hemorrhoids. […] Pregnancy. During pregnancy, increased blood volume enlarges all veins, including the ones in the rectum. In addition, the weight of the fetus presses on the veins in your pelvis and alters blood flow. In some cases, this can lead to hemorrhoids.

• #2 Hemorrhoids: Symptoms, Causes, and& Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/understanding-hemorrhoids-basics

  Hemorrhoids are swollen veins, similar to varicose veins, in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. […] Pressure building up in your lower rectum can affect blood flow and make the veins there swell. That may happen because of: Pushing when you poop, Straining when you do something that’s physically hard, like lifting something heavy, Extra weight, like obesity, Pregnancy, when your growing uterus presses on your veins, A diet low in fiber, Anal sex. […] You may get hemorrhoids when you have constipation or diarrhea that doesn’t clear up. Coughing, sneezing, and vomiting could make them worse.

• #2 Symptoms & Causes of Hemorrhoids – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/hemorrhoids/symptoms-causes

  The causes of hemorrhoids include […] straining during bowel movements […] sitting on the toilet for long periods of time […] chronic constipation or diarrhea […] a low-fiber diet […] weakening of the supporting tissues in your anus and rectum that happens with aging […] pregnancy […] often lifting heavy objects

• #2 Hemorrhoids: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/73938

  Sitting for too long: Spending a long time in a seated position, especially on the toilet, can cause hemorrhoids. […] Diet: Eating low fiber foods may contribute to hemorrhoids. […] Heavy lifting: Repeatedly lifting heavy objects can lead to hemorrhoids. […] Anal intercourse: This can cause new hemorrhoids or worsen existing ones. […] Weight: Research links being overweight to a higher risk of hemorrhoids. This may result from increased pressure within the abdomen.

• #2 What Causes Hemorrhoids: Top 10 Reasons for Hemorrhoids – Tua Saúde

  https://www.tuasaude.com/en/what-causes-hemorrhoids/

  Low fiber intake can lead to less frequent bowel movements as well as dry, hard feces, which results in pain when passing stool. […] People with professions that require prolonged standing can lead to decreased blood circulation. This increases pressure on the blood vessels around the anal region, increasing your risk for hemorrhoids. […] Even though hemorrhoids can appear at any age, they are more frequent in people over 45 years old. With normal aging, it is common for supportive tissues of the rectal vessels to weaken and stretch. […] Food that is very spicy or saucy can lead to anal inflammation and hemorrhoids. This can also happen with excessive alcohol intake.

• #2 Hemorrhoids: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/73938

  Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum. When the walls of these vessels stretch, they can become irritated. Older age, pregnancy, and constipation can cause piles. […] Although healthcare professionals do not fully understand why hemorrhoids appear, they may occur for the following reasons: […] Pregnancy: During pregnancy, the increasing weight of the developing fetus and uterus put pressure on the pelvis. Hemorrhoids may occur in up to 35% of pregnant people. […] Aging: Hemorrhoids are most common among adults ages 45-65 years. However, young people and children can also get them. […] Diarrhea: Hemorrhoids can occur after cases of chronic diarrhea. […] Chronic constipation: Straining to move a stool puts additional pressure on the walls of the blood vessels, which may result in hemorrhoids.

• #2 Hemorrhoids: Background, Anatomy, Etiology and Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/775407-overview

  Most authors agree that low-fiber diets cause small-caliber stools, which result in straining during defecation. This increased pressure causes engorgement of the hemorrhoids, possibly by interfering with venous return. […] Pregnancy clearly predisposes women to symptoms from hemorrhoids, although the etiology is unknown. […] Portal hypertension has often been mentioned in conjunction with hemorrhoids. […] Other risk factors historically associated with the development of hemorrhoids include the following: Lack of erect posture, Familial tendency, Higher socioeconomic status, Chronic diarrhea, Colon malignancy, Hepatic disease, Obesity, Elevated anal resting pressure, Spinal cord injury, Loss of rectal muscle tone, Rectal surgery, Episiotomy, Anal intercourse, Inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis, and Crohn disease. […] Internal hemorrhoids cannot cause cutaneous pain, because they are above the dentate line and are not innervated by cutaneous nerves. However, they can bleed, prolapse, and, as a result of the deposition of an irritant onto the sensitive perianal skin, cause perianal itching and irritation.

• #2 Hemorrhoid – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorrhoid

  Hemorrhoids are also more common during pregnancy. […] The exact cause of symptomatic hemorrhoids is unknown. […] A number of factors are believed to play a role, including irregular bowel habits (constipation or diarrhea), lack of exercise, nutritional factors (low-fiber diets), increased intra-abdominal pressure (prolonged straining, ascites, an intra-abdominal mass, or pregnancy), genetics, an absence of valves within the hemorrhoidal veins, and aging. […] Other factors believed to increase risk include obesity, prolonged sitting, a chronic cough, and pelvic floor dysfunction. […] Being a receptive partner in anal intercourse has been listed as a cause. […] During pregnancy, pressure from the fetus on the abdomen and hormonal changes cause the hemorrhoidal vessels to enlarge.

• #2 What Causes Hemorrhoids? | Georgia Hemorrhoid Instituteclosechevron-downtwitterfacebookbarslinkedinyoutube-playinstagram

  https://www.georgiahae.com/what-causes-hemorrhoids/

  Hemorrhoids can develop during pregnancy due to increased pressure on the abdomen. This pressure can slow down the digestive system and cause constipation. Additionally, hormonal imbalances during pregnancy can contribute to the swelling of blood vessels, leading to hemorrhoids. […] A sedentary lifestyle and obesity are two factors that contribute to hemorrhoids. Remaining seated for prolonged periods, such as at a desk job, can cause pressure on the veins in the rectal area. Additionally, carrying excess weight can put added force on the abdomen, contributing to hemorrhoids. […] Prolonged sitting, aging, and certain medical conditions can also contribute to the onset of hemorrhoids. As we age, the veins in the rectum and anus can weaken, making them more susceptible to swelling and inflammation. Certain medical conditions, such as liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic constipation, can also contribute to hemorrhoids. […] While stress itself does not directly cause hemorrhoids, it can contribute to the development or aggravation of the condition. Stress can lead to various lifestyle changes and behaviors that increase the risk of developing hemorrhoids.

• #2 What Are Hemorrhoids? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/hemorrhoids/guide/

  Hemorrhoids also often develop during pregnancy. This is similarly due to greater pressure in the area but can also be due to an increase in blood volume and as a result of hormonal changes that increase the likelihood of swelling. Constipation during pregnancy is a common cause of hemorrhoids. […] Causes include chronic diarrhea and constipation, straining too hard, and sitting on the toilet for too long. Risk factors include being overweight, a lack of fiber in the diet, aging, and pregnancy.

• #2 What Causes Hemorrhoids? | Texas Hemorrhoid Instituteclosechevron-downtwitterfacebookbarsyoutube-playinstagram

  https://www.texashae.com/what-causes-hemorrhoids/

  What Causes Hemorrhoids? […] Understanding the causes of hemorrhoids can help in preventing their development or managing their symptoms. […] While anyone can develop hemorrhoids, certain factors can make some people more prone to experiencing this condition. […] Understanding why certain people are predisposed to hemorrhoids requires examining various contributing factors. […] Pregnancy can make hemorrhoids more likely to occur. As the uterus grows, it puts added strain on the veins in the pelvic area, leading to the development of hemorrhoids. […] Research has shown there is a familial aggregation of hemorrhoids, indicating a possible genetic predisposition. Several studies have found that people with a family history of hemorrhoids are more likely to develop the condition themselves.

• #2 Internal Hemorrhoids: Causes, Symptoms & Treatmentclosechevron-downtwitterfacebookbarslinkedinyoutube-playinstagram

  https://www.georgiahae.com/what-are-hemorrhoids/internal-hemorrhoids/

  Internal hemorrhoids form when the veins in the rectal area become swollen due to increased pressure, often caused by straining during bowel movements, chronic constipation, or other factors. […] The primary causes include: […] Excessive straining while passing stools which can put pressure on the rectal veins. […] Irregular bowel movements, including chronic constipation or persistent diarrhea. […] Increased abdominal pressure during pregnancy and the strain of childbirth can cause hemorrhoids to develop or worsen. […] Obesity or excess weight […] Prolonged sitting or standing […] A family history of hemorrhoids or a genetic predisposition to weakened veins.

• #2 Hemorrhoids: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/common-causes-of-hemorrhoids-3156970

  Chronic diarrhea or constipation can make things worse by triggering persistent inflammation of the anal and rectal (anorectal) tissues. […] While bowel movement problems are the most common causes of hemorrhoids, there are certain lifestyle factors that can increase a person’s risk both directly and indirectly. […] Hemorrhoids are a common feature in many health conditions, some serious and others not-so-serious. […] Hemorrhoids are also a common occurrence during pregnancy. While the pressure exerted by the weight of the baby can contribute to their development, hormonal changes can also cause blood vessels to swell excessively. […] Genetics can also play a role in the development of hemorrhoids. One such example is an inherited disorder called Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) in which the lack of collagen can lead to the impairment of pelvic floor tissues. Hemorrhoids are a common symptom of EDS and can sometimes foreshadow a more serious complication known as rectal prolapse in which the bowel falls partially or completely out of the body.

• #2 What Causes Hemorrhoids? | Gastroenterology of the Rockies

  https://www.gastrorockies.com/what-causes-hemorrhoids/

  Excess body weight can put a strain on the muscles and tissues in the anal region, leading to the formation of hemorrhoids. […] Pregnancy causes many changes in the body, including excess weight and lots of pressure in the pelvis and groin. Extra stress and strain on the pelvic and anal region can make people more vulnerable to hemorrhoids during pregnancy. […] Anal intercourse can cause strain and pressure in the anus and surrounding muscles and tissues. This extra strain can result in hemorrhoids. […] Repeated heavy lifting, either during work, exercise, or recreation, can put excess pressure on the pelvis and anal region. The strain and pressure of lifting heavy weights regularly can result in hemorrhoids.

• #2 What Causes Hemorrhoids? – Canadian Digestive Health Foundation

  https://cdhf.ca/en/what-causes-hemorrhoids/

  Pregnancy: More than one in four women will experience hemorrhoids during pregnancy due to extra abdominal pressure and hormonal changes. […] Obesity: This condition can cause extra abdominal pressure and is often associated with a low-fiber diet, prolonged periods of sitting and other gastrointestinal issues. […] Chronic diarrhea: This can cause inflammation in the cells lining the anus or rectum. […] Age: Hemorrhoids are more likely to develop in people between the ages of 45 to 65.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-piles-(haemorrhoids).aspx

  Those whose occupation require sitting for long durations are at risk of pressure on the anal blood vessels that may lead to piles. […] Pregnancy is one of the most common risk factors of piles. With the growing baby within the pelvis the blood vessels in the pelvis get pressed and this leads to enlargement of the anal and rectal blood vessels and development of piles. These piles usually disappear after child birth. […] Risk of piles rises with age. Those over 50 are at a greater risk of piles. This is because the supporting tissues of the rectum and anal canal get weaker with age and thus give way to allow piles to develop. […] Some individuals have a familial risk of developing piles. They may inherit weaker blood vessels that have a greater risk of swelling and leading to piles. […] Infections around the anal canal also render the blood vessels weak and straining and constipation may raise the risk of piles.

• #2 Hemorrhoids (Internal, External): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hemorrhoids_piles/article.htm

  Hemorrhoids (piles) are blood vessels located in the smooth muscles of the walls of the rectum and anus. They are a normal part of the anatomy and are located at the junction where small arteries merge into veins. […] Hemorrhoid swelling occurs when there is an increase in the pressure in the small vessels that make up hemorrhoids causing them to swell and engorge with blood. This causes them to increase in size leading to symptoms. Increased pressure may be caused by a variety of factors: A low-fiber diet and smaller caliber stool cause a person to strain when having a bowel movement, increasing the pressure within the blood vessels. […] Pregnancy is associated with hemorrhoid swelling and is likely due to increased pressure of the enlarged uterus on the rectum and anus. In addition, hormonal changes with pregnancy may weaken the muscles that support the rectum and anus. […] Prolonged sitting on the toilet may increase pressure within the hemorrhoid blood vessels. […] Obesity […] Diarrhea, both acute and chronic […] Colon cancer […] Previous rectal surgery […] Spinal cord injury and lack of erect posture.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-piles-(haemorrhoids).aspx

  Liver cirrhosis leads to swollen and engorged veins within the rectum called varicose veins. These may occur without constipation and may lead to bleeding and other complications. Ascitis or collection of excess fluids within the abdomen also leads to risk of piles. Ascitis is caused by liver diseases like cirrhosis. The swollen abdomen also presses on the blood vessels leading to piles. […] Chronic cough persistently raises the pressure within the abdomen and may lead to piles […] Persons practicing anal intercourse over a prolonged period of time are at risk of piles. This is caused by weakening of the anal and rectal muscles. […] Persons who have had surgery of the rectum or anus before are at a similar risk of piles since the muscles of their rectum and anus may be weak and straining may lead to piles.

• #2 Hemorrhoids and what to do about them – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/hemorrhoids_and_what_to_do_about_them

  Hemorrhoids are usually caused by increased pressure due to pregnancy, being overweight, or straining during bowel movements. […] Traditionally, hemorrhoids are associated with chronic constipation, straining during bowel movements, and prolonged sitting on the toilet all of which interfere with blood flow to and from the area, causing it to pool and enlarge the vessels. […] More recent studies show that patients with hemorrhoids tend to have a higher resting anal canal tone that is, the smooth muscle of the anal canal tends to be tighter than average (even when not straining). […] Finally, the connective tissues that support and hold hemorrhoids in place can weaken with age, causing hemorrhoids to bulge and prolapse.

• #2 Causes of Hemorrhoids and Flare-Ups | Preparation H CA

  https://www.preparationh.ca/about-hemorrhoids/what-causes-flare-ups/

  The truth is that the causes of flare-ups vary from person to person and there is, unfortunately, often no clear reason for why they occur. […] There are several possible causes of hemorrhoids and reasons why you might suffer from recurrent piles flare-ups, but here are some of the most common: Straining during bowel movements, Straining due to chronic constipation or diarrhea, Sitting or standing for long periods of time, Being overweight, Pregnancy or childbirth, Not eating enough fibre, Exerting yourself with heavy lifting. […] There is not known to be a difference in the causes of external hemorrhoids and internal ones both can be caused by straining on the toilet, pregnancy, being overweight, heavy lifting, a diet lacking in fibre, and other reasons we’ve covered. […] Inadvertently, stress can be a factor in causing piles flare-ups. Since stress can have a strong impact on the digestive system sometimes causing diarrhea or constipation piles can appear because of this and the associated straining on the toilet.

• #2 Hemorrhoids: Background, Anatomy, Etiology and Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/775407-overview

  Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in the lower rectum. They are among the most common causes of anal pathology, and subsequently are blamed for virtually any anorectal complaint by patients and medical professionals alike. […] Hemorrhoids generally cause symptoms when they become enlarged, inflamed, thrombosed, or prolapsed. […] Most symptoms arise from enlarged internal hemorrhoids. Abnormal swelling of the anal cushions causes dilatation and engorgement of the arteriovenous plexuses. This leads to stretching of the suspensory muscles and eventual prolapse of rectal tissue through the anal canal. […] Although many patients and clinicians believe that hemorrhoids are caused by chronic constipation, prolonged sitting, and vigorous straining, little evidence to support a causative link exists.

• #2 Hemorrhoids: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention- K Health

  https://khealth.com/learn/symptom/hemorrhoids/

  Hemorrhoids are a common but uncomfortable disorder of the anus and rectum that affect millions of Americans nationwide. […] The exact technical reasons why hemorrhoids appear in some people and not in others are not yet completely understood. […] Still, we know that in more general terms, hemorrhoids are caused by disruption to blood circulation within the anus’s cushioning tissues. […] The end result is that blood pools in the anal cushions, enlarging the blood vessels and causing hemorrhoids. […] Some of the major causes of hemorrhoids include: Straining during bowel movements, Sitting on the toilet for long periods of time, Chronic constipation or diarrhea, A low-fiber diet, Aging, and the weakening of the supporting tissues in your anus and rectum that comes with aging, Pregnancy, Lifting heavy objects.

• #2

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/hemorrhoids

  Often described as „varicose veins of the anus and rectum, hemorrhoids are enlarged, bulging blood vessels in and around the anus and lower rectum. […] The exact cause of hemorrhoids is unknown. A lot of pressure is put on human rectal veins due to our upright posture, which can potentially cause bulging. Other contributing factors include: Aging, Chronic constipation or diarrhea, Pregnancy, Heredity, Straining during bowel movements, Faulty bowel function due to overuse of laxatives or enemas, Spending long periods of time on the toilet (e.g., reading). […] Hemorrhoids do not increase the risk of colorectal cancer nor cause it. However, more serious conditions can cause similar symptoms. Even when a hemorrhoid has healed completely, your colon and rectal surgeon may request other tests. A colonoscopy may be done to rule out other causes of rectal bleeding.

• #2 Common Causes Of Internal Hemorrhoids

  https://www.usahemorrhoidcenters.com/internal-hemorrhoids/causes/

  Internal hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum. These cushions of veins are always present and play an important role in the body, helping to protect the skin during a bowel movement and prevent fecal leakage. […] Problems with internal hemorrhoids develop when the veins undergo too much pressure from straining or exertion, causing them to become enlarged and inflamed. […] Knowing the causes of internal hemorrhoids can help you prevent them from developing. After treatment, understanding these causes is also key to preventing a recurrence. […] Internal hemorrhoids result from increased pressure in the abdominal area, which prevents blood from flowing away from the cushions of veins after they naturally fill with blood during a bowel movement. […] The pressure can be rooted in an underlying medical condition, such as an enlarged prostate that forces a person to strain during a bowel movement. Likewise, the extra pressure placed on this region of the body during pregnancy or due to obesity can cause internal hemorrhoids to develop.

• #2 External Hemorrhoids: Causes, Symptoms, Risks, Treatments, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/external-hemorrhoids

  You may develop external hemorrhoids from straining during a bowel movement or pregnancy. […] The most common cause of external hemorrhoids is repeated straining while having a bowel movement. This is often caused by severe cases of constipation or diarrhea. Straining makes blood pool in the area. […] Pregnant people may also be at an increased risk of hemorrhoids because of the increased pressure of the abdomen on these veins. […] Having excess weight has been associated with having hemorrhoids. […] Anything that causes you to strain during bowel movements can lead to external hemorrhoids.

• #2 Thrombosed hemorrhoids: Symptoms, causes, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320407

  The exact cause of hemorrhoids, both thrombosed and other, is unknown. […] However, they are linked to times when more pressure is put on their anal passage. This may be the result of: pushing too hard when trying to pass a stool, chronic constipation or diarrhea, pregnancy, giving birth, lifting heavy objects. […] Not every person who has external hemorrhoids will develop blood clots. Scientists do not yet understand why blood clots form in some external hemorrhoids. […] Certain things can increase the risk of getting hemorrhoids, including: low fiber diet, use of dry toilet paper followed by wet cleaning methods after passing stool, getting older, as tissues become weaker as a person ages.

• #2

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/hemorrhoids-expanded-version

  The majority of factors thought to produce symptomatic hemorrhoids are associated with an increased pressure within the abdomen that gets transmitted to the anal region. Some of these factors include: straining when having a bowel movement, constipation, diarrhea, pregnancy, and irregular bowel patterns. […] It seems that, over time, these factors may contribute to the prolapse of internal hemorrhoidal tissue or enlargement of or thrombosis of external hemorrhoidal tissue.

• #2 Understanding Hemorrhoids: Causes, Symptoms and Preventions – Gastro Associates

  https://gastroassociates.com/understanding-hemorrhoids/

  Hemorrhoids are a common and often uncomfortable condition affecting millions of people worldwide. […] Several factors can contribute to the development of hemorrhoids, including: […] Straining During Bowel Movements: This is one of the most common causes. Straining can put excess pressure on the veins in the rectal area. […] Chronic Constipation or Diarrhea: Both conditions can cause straining and irritation of the rectal veins. […] Sitting for Long Periods: Prolonged sitting, especially on the toilet, can increase pressure on the veins in the anus. […] Pregnancy: Increased pressure on the pelvic blood vessels during pregnancy can lead to hemorrhoids. […] Aging: As tissues weaken with age, the risk of hemorrhoids increases. […] Heavy Lifting: Regularly lifting heavy objects can strain the veins in the rectal area.

• #3 What Causes Hemorrhoids? | Gastroenterology of the Rockies

  https://www.gastrorockies.com/what-causes-hemorrhoids/

  Excess body weight can put a strain on the muscles and tissues in the anal region, leading to the formation of hemorrhoids. […] Pregnancy causes many changes in the body, including excess weight and lots of pressure in the pelvis and groin. Extra stress and strain on the pelvic and anal region can make people more vulnerable to hemorrhoids during pregnancy. […] Anal intercourse can cause strain and pressure in the anus and surrounding muscles and tissues. This extra strain can result in hemorrhoids. […] Repeated heavy lifting, either during work, exercise, or recreation, can put excess pressure on the pelvis and anal region. The strain and pressure of lifting heavy weights regularly can result in hemorrhoids.

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