Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Galactorrhea: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17924-galactorrhea

  Galactorrhea is a condition where your breasts leak milk. The main sign of galactorrhea is when it happens in people who aren’t pregnant or breastfeeding. It’s caused by stimulation, medication or a pituitary gland disorder. […] Galactorrhea causes a milk-like discharge to leak from your nipple. It’s unrelated to lactation. […] Galactorrhea (guh-lack-toe-REE-uh) happens when your breasts unexpectedly produce milk or a milk-like discharge. This nipple discharge may leak from your breast on its own or when touched. It’s not related to milk production in breastfeeding or pregnancy. Galactorrhea sometimes indicates an underlying health condition, but is most often caused by too much prolactin. Prolactin is a hormone that triggers milk production. It’s made by your pituitary gland, a gland at the base of your brain.

• #2 Galactorrhea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/galactorrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20350431

  Galactorrhea (guh-lack-toe-REE-uh) is a milky nipple discharge not linked to the making of milk for breastfeeding. Galactorrhea isn’t a disease. But it can be a sign of an underlying condition. […] Galactorrhea mostly happens to people assigned female at birth. It can happen even to those who haven’t had children or who have gone through menopause. But galactorrhea also can happen to people assigned male at birth and even to infants. […] Too much breast handling, medicine side effects or conditions of the pituitary gland may add to galactorrhea. Often, higher levels of the hormone involved in making breast milk, called prolactin, cause galactorrhea. […] Symptoms linked to galactorrhea include: Milky nipple discharge that’s constant or comes and goes. Nipple discharge from more than one milk duct. Nipple discharge that leaks on its own or when the breast is touched. Nipple discharge from one or both breasts. Irregular or no menstrual periods. Headaches or trouble with vision.

• #3 Galactorrhea – familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/galactorrhea/

  Galactorrhea occurs when one or both breasts make milk or a milky discharge. It’s not related to milk production in breastfeeding. The breasts may leak only when touched, or on their own. It can occur in women or in men but is less common in men. Rarely, it can occur in newborns. […] Galactorrhea is not a disease but can be a symptom of an underlying health problem. […] The main symptom of galactorrhea is a milky white discharge from one or both nipples. Sometimes, the discharge is yellow or greenish in color. Blood in the discharge is not a symptom. If you have blood in the breast discharge, you should contact your doctor. […] Treatment depends on the cause of galactorrhea. Benign tumors can be treated with medicine or surgery. Medicine can help if your body is producing too much of a hormone, such as prolactin. It also helps treat problems, such as hypothyroidism. If a certain medicine causes galactorrhea, your doctor may prescribe a different medicine. […] In many cases, no treatment is necessary. Over time, the condition may go away on its own. Until then, there are some things you can do to help. […] Avoid stimulating your breasts. […] Wear pads in your bra (women) to absorb the milky discharge.

• #4 Galactorrhea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537115/

  Galactorrhea is milk production from the breast unrelated to pregnancy or lactation. Milk production one year after cessation of breastfeeding is non-lactational and is considered galactorrhea. Various hormones including prolactin, estrogens, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) can affect the production of milk. This activity reviews the evaluation of galactorrhea and the role of the interprofessional team in treating this condition. […] The mainstay of hyperprolactinemia is treatment with bromocriptine or cabergoline. These are dopamine agonists which act on the D2 receptors present on the lactotrophs and inhibit prolactin production. The doses for bromocriptine and cabergoline are 2.5-15 mg once daily and cabergoline 0.25-1 mg twice weekly, respectively. They are effective at normalizing prolactin levels as well as shrinking the size of the tumor. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, drowsiness, and headaches.

• #5 Diagnosis and Management of Galactorrhea | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0801/p543.html

  Galactorrhea usually is medication-induced. […] The underlying cause of galactorrhea should be treated when possible. […] The decision to treat patients with galactorrhea is based on the serum prolactin level, the severity of galactorrhea, and the patients fertility desires. […] Dopamine agonists are the treatment of choice in most patients with hyperprolactinemic disorders. […] Bromocriptine is the preferred agent for treatment of hyperprolactin-induced anovulatory infertility. […] Although cabergoline is more effective and better tolerated than bromocriptine, it is more expensive, and treatment must be discontinued one month before conception is attempted. […] Treatment of galactorrhea should be directed at the underlying cause. […] If possible, galactorrhea-inducing medications should be replaced with safe, alternative agents.

• #6 Galactorrhea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/galactorrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20350431

  If one or both breasts keep leaking milky discharge, and you’re not pregnant or breastfeeding, make an appointment to see your healthcare professional. […] If you keep having discharge that doesn’t go away, make an appointment with your healthcare professional. […] Nipple discharge that isn’t milky needs medical attention right away. If the discharge is bloody, or clear and comes from one duct or there’s a lump you can feel, it may be a sign of breast cancer. […] Possible causes of galactorrhea include: Medicines, such as certain sedatives, antidepressants, antipsychotics and high blood pressure medicines. Opioid use. Herbal supplements, such as fennel, anise or fenugreek seed. Birth control pills. A noncancerous pituitary tumor, called prolactinoma, or other condition of the pituitary gland. Underactive thyroid, also called hypothyroidism. Long-term kidney disease. Too much handling of the breast. This may be linked with sex activity, having breast self-exams with nipple handling or long-lasting rubbing from clothing. Nerve damage to the chest wall from chest surgery, burns or other chest injuries. Spinal cord surgery, injury or tumors. Stress.

• #6 Galactorrhea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/galactorrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20350431

  Sometimes healthcare professionals can’t find a cause for galactorrhea. This is called idiopathic galactorrhea. This may mean that the breast tissue is very sensitive to the milk-making hormone prolactin. If so, even typical prolactin levels can lead to galactorrhea. […] In people assigned male at birth, galactorrhea may be linked with too little of the hormone testosterone. Called male hypogonadism, this most often also causes breasts that are enlarged or tender, called gynecomastia. Not being able to get and keep an erection, called erectile dysfunction, and not wanting to have sex also are linked with too little testosterone. […] Anything that triggers the release of the hormone prolactin can increase the risk of galactorrhea. Risk factors include: Certain medicines, illicit drugs and herbal supplements. Conditions that affect the pituitary gland, such as pituitary tumors that aren’t cancer. Certain medical conditions, such as long-term kidney disease, spinal cord injury, injuries to the chest wall and underactive thyroid. A lot of touching and rubbing of the breasts. Stress.

• #7 Galactorrhea (unexpected milk production) and other nipple discharge – KellyMom.com

  https://kellymom.com/bf/got-milk/supply-worries/galactorrhea/

  Galactorrhea can be a side effect of certain drugs including some H2 blockers (cimetidine/Tagamet), oral contraceptives, metoclopramide (Reglan), sulpiride, psychotropic medications (SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, thioxanthenes), antihypertensives (methyldopa/Aldomet, reserpine/Serpasil, verapamil/Calan, atenolol), rauwolfia alkaloids, theophylline, marijuana, opiates or amphetamines. It has also been seen as a copper IUD side effect. […] Pituitary tumors are the most common pathologic cause of galactorrhea. The most common type of pituitary tumor is a prolactinoma this is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor. Hypothalamic lesions or disfunction, or pituitary stalk lesions can also cause galactorrhea. […] Rarely, galactorrhea is a side effect of primary hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis. […] Galactorrhea is sometimes associated with chronic renal failure due to elevated prolactin levels.

• #7 Galactorrhea (unexpected milk production) and other nipple discharge – KellyMom.com

  https://kellymom.com/bf/got-milk/supply-worries/galactorrhea/

  Per Breastfeeding: a guide for the medical profession (Lawrence Lawrence, 2005, p. 570), Galactorrhea is characterized by spontaneous milky, multiduct, bilateral nipple discharge. It is thought to result from increased prolactin production, either by the pituitary or by removal of hypothalamic inhibition. It is not usually a serious problem, but you should always have your health care provider check it out carefully. Galactorrhea can have various causes: […] Any type of frequent breast stimulation can induce lactation. Other types of nerve stimulation can also cause galactorrhea, including chest surgery/trauma/burns, herpes zoster that affects the chest wall or chronic emotional stress. Per Lawrence Lawrence (2005, p. 571), In susceptible women, a visit to the doctor, stress, a pelvic examination, venipuncture, or surgical procedures can produce elevated serum prolactin which can result in galactorrhea.

• #8

  https://step1.medbullets.com/evidence/15317441

  After infancy, galactorrhea usually is medication-induced. The most common pathologic cause of galactorrhea is a pituitary tumor. Other causes include hypothalamic and pituitary stalk lesions, neurogenic stimulation, thyroid disorders, and chronic renal failure. Patients with the latter conditions may have irregular menses, infertility, and osteopenia or osteoporosis if they have associated hyperprolactinemia. Tests for pregnancy, serum prolactin level and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level, and magnetic resonance imaging are important diagnostic tools that should be employed when clinically indicated. The underlying cause of galactorrhea should be treated when possible. The decision to treat patients with galactorrhea is based on the serum prolactin level, the severity of galactorrhea, and the patient’s fertility desires. Dopamine agonists are the treatment of choice in most patients with hyperprolactinemic disorders. Bromocriptine is the preferred agent for treatment of hyperprolactin-induced anovulatory infertility. Although cabergoline is more effective and better tolerated than bromocriptine, it is more expensive, and treatment must be discontinued one month before conception is attempted. Surgical resection rarely is required for prolactinomas.

• #9 Galactorrhea | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688531/all/Galactorrhea

  Milky nipple discharge not associated with lactation, defined as 1 year after pregnancy or cessation of breastfeeding. […] Avoid frequent nipple stimulation. […] Avoid medications that can suppress dopamine. […] Commonly associated with hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease, hypogonadism, and pituitary adenoma.

• #10 Galactorrhea and What Causes It

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-galactorrhea-2721950

  Elevated prolactin levels can inhibit the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), the hormone that regulates your menstrual cycle, which can lead to irregular periods or stopped periods, a condition known as amenorrhea. This could cause problems if you are trying to get pregnant. […] Galactorrhea is very often caused by certain types of medications that affect your body’s prolactin balance. […] If you are on one of these classes of medication and you develop galactorrhea, it is likely that the medication is the cause. Be sure to see your healthcare provider to discuss this. Do not stop taking any medication without first discussing it with your healthcare provider. […] Hypothyroidism when your thyroid produces too little thyroid hormone can cause galactorrhea. […] Though rare, galactorrhea can occur in people with end-stage kidney disease.

• #11 Galactorrhea: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17924-galactorrhea

  The main symptom of galactorrhea is leaking a light white, milk-like discharge when you’re not breastfeeding or pregnant. It typically affects both breasts and may flow if you squeeze your nipple or leak on its own. […] Treatment for galactorrhea varies depending on the cause of the condition. In some people, it goes away on its own without any treatment. […] To manage the condition, your provider may also recommend: Taking medications like cabergoline and bromocriptine to lower prolactin levels. Avoiding actions or activities that overstimulate your nipples. Stopping or changing medications. Taking medication to treat underactive thyroid if you have hypothyroidism. Wearing clothing that’s loose-fitting to reduce friction on your nipples. Wearing breast pads to absorb leakage. […] If treating a pituitary tumor is necessary, it usually involves medication to shrink the tumor. In rare cases, you may need surgery or radiation therapy to remove or shrink a pituitary tumor.

• #12 Galactorrhea | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/galactorrhea

  Galactorrhea (guh-lack-toe-REE-uh) is a milky nipple discharge not linked to the making of milk for breastfeeding. Galactorrhea isn’t a disease. But it can be a sign of an underlying condition. […] Galactorrhea mostly happens to people assigned female at birth. It can happen even to those who haven’t had children or who have gone through menopause. But galactorrhea also can happen to people assigned male at birth and even to infants. […] Symptoms linked to galactorrhea include: Milky nipple discharge that’s constant or comes and goes. Nipple discharge from more than one milk duct. Nipple discharge that leaks on its own or when the breast is touched. Nipple discharge from one or both breasts. Irregular or no menstrual periods. Headaches or trouble with vision. […] If one or both breasts keep leaking milky discharge, and you’re not pregnant or breastfeeding, make an appointment to see your healthcare professional.

• #13 Galactorrhea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537115/

  Galactorrhea is nonlactational production of milk. Prolactin, estrogens, and TRH all play a role in the production of milk from the breast. The condition is often managed by an interprofessional team that consists of a radiologist, endocrinologist, neurosurgeon, neurologist, and an internist. The galactorrhea associated with hyperprolactinemia is often associated with symptoms of hypogonadism (decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and menstrual irregularities) and thus a thorough medical history and physical exam are needed.

• #14 Galactorrhea: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/1200/galactorrhea.html

  Premenopausal patients with hyperprolactinemia, normal menstrual cycles, and manageable galactorrhea do not require treatment. These patients should have periodic clinical reassessment and prolactin measurements. An MRI should be obtained if there is clinical evidence of a mass or if prolactin levels steadily increase.

• #14 Galactorrhea: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/1200/galactorrhea.html

  Galactorrhea is the production of breast milk that is not the result of physiologic lactation. […] Treatment of galactorrhea is not needed if prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels are normal and the discharge is not troublesome to the patient. […] Dopamine agonists are first-line therapy for hyperprolactinemia. […] Treatment of galactorrhea is not necessary if trophic hormone levels are normal and the patient has minimal symptoms. […] Nursing pads can be used to manage moisture from nipple discharge. Although most pads are best suited for use with bras, some brands have an adhesive backing that can be placed directly onto clothing. […] Patients with microadenomas, amenorrhea, and nonbothersome galactorrhea may choose treatment with combined low-dose oral contraceptives (and annual surveillance of prolactin level) or a dopamine agonist. Oral contraceptives are less costly and have a more favorable side effect profile.

• #15 Diagnosis and Management of Galactorrhea | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0801/p543.html

  The decision to treat galactorrhea should be based on the serum prolactin level, the severity of the galactorrhea, and the patients fertility desires. […] Patients with isolated galactorrhea and normal prolactin levels do not require treatment if they are not bothered by the galactorrhea, do not wish to conceive, and do not show evidence of hypogonadism or reduced bone density. […] In patients with hyperprolactinemia, prolactin levels should be monitored, and MRI should be performed every two years. […] Indications for treatment include the presence of significant symptoms such as bothersome or disabling galactorrhea, diminished libido, amenorrhea, and infertility; the presence of visual field defect and cranial nerve palsy; and abnormal test results such as detection of a pituitary tumor, osteopenia, or osteoporosis.

• #16 Galactorrhea – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/galactorrhea/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350434

  It can be hard to find the cause of galactorrhea because there are so many possible reasons for it. […] When needed, galactorrhea treatment aims to resolve the underlying cause. […] Sometimes healthcare professionals can’t find an exact cause of galactorrhea. Then you may have treatment if your nipple discharge bothers you. A medicine that blocks the effects of prolactin or lowers your body’s prolactin level could help get rid of galactorrhea. […] Often, milky discharge linked with idiopathic galactorrhea goes away on its own. This is most likely if you don’t handle your breasts a lot or take medicines that are known to cause nipple discharge. […] To prepare for your appointment: Take note of all your symptoms, even if they don’t seem linked to the reason for which you made the appointment. […] Until your appointment, follow these tips to deal with unwanted nipple discharge: Don’t handle your breasts. This can help to ease nipple discharge. For instance, don’t rub your nipples during sex. Don’t wear clothing that rubs on your nipples.

• #17 Galactorrhoea – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/breast/presentations/galactorrhoea/

  Idiopathic normoprolactinaemic galactorrhoea often resolves spontaneously, however if persistent can also be trialled with low-dose dopamine agonist. […] Those with troublesome galactorrhoea who are intolerant of medication, bilateral total duct excision may be required. […] The usual mechanism for galactorrhea is from hyperprolactinaemia. […] Bilateral multi-ductal milky white nipple discharge is characteristic and staining of the discharge can confirm diagnosis. […] It is essential to rule out pregnancy with a B-hCG test in appropriate females. […] Treatment of prolactinoma by an endocrinologist commonly involves dopamine agonist therapy and eventually transphenoidal surgery will be considered.

• #18

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1549

  Galactorrhea (say „guh-lak-tuh-REE-uh”) happens when a woman’s breasts make milk but the woman is not pregnant. The milk may leak from one or both breasts. Sometimes milk leaks only when the breast is touched. At other times, milk leaks without any touching. Galactorrhea can also happen in men, but this is rare. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Do not handle, touch, or squeeze your nipples or breasts, even „just to check.” This may cause the leakage to continue. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have headaches or vision problems. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: Your breasts continue to leak milk. The leakage looks bloody. You stop having menstrual periods, or your periods become irregular. You lose interest in sex. You do not get better as expected.

• #19 Galactorrhea | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/galactorrhea

  Do not handle, touch, or squeeze your nipples or breasts, even „just to check.” This may cause the leakage to continue. […] Wear a bra that fits well. Do not allow your clothes to rub against your breasts. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you have any problems with your medicine. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: Your breasts continue to leak milk. […] The leakage looks bloody. […] You stop having menstrual periods, or your periods become irregular. […] You lose interest in sex. […] You do not get better as expected.

• #20 Galactorrhea // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/galactorrhea

  Galactorrhea treatment aims to resolve the underlying cause. […] Sometimes healthcare professionals can’t find an exact cause of galactorrhea. Then you may have treatment if your nipple discharge bothers you. A medicine that blocks the effects of prolactin or lowers your body’s prolactin level could help get rid of galactorrhea. […] Often, milky discharge linked with idiopathic galactorrhea goes away on its own. This is most likely if you don’t handle your breasts a lot or take medicines that are known to cause nipple discharge. […] To lessen breast stimulation: Try not to overdo touching the nipples during sexual activity. Avoid squeezing, pinching or otherwise handling your nipples. […] Until your appointment, follow these tips to deal with unwanted nipple discharge: Don’t handle your breasts. This can help to ease nipple discharge. For instance, don’t rub your nipples during sex. Don’t wear clothing that rubs on your nipples.

• #21 Galactorrhea: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.galactorrhea-care-instructions.zc1549

  Galactorrhea (say „guh-lak-tuh-REE-uh”) is a condition in which the breasts make milk when a person isn’t pregnant or breastfeeding. The milk may leak from one or both breasts. Sometimes milk leaks only when the breast is touched. At other times, milk leaks without any touching. Galactorrhea can happen in anyone of any gender. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Do not handle, touch, or squeeze your nipples or breasts, even „just to check.” This may cause the leakage to continue. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have headaches or vision problems. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: Your breasts continue to leak milk. The leakage looks bloody. You stop having menstrual periods, or your periods become irregular. You lose interest in sex. You do not get better as expected.

• #22 A Case of Galactorrhea With Escitalopram: A Biopsychosocial Phenomenon

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/case-galactorrhea-escitalopram-biopsychosocial-phenomenon/

  The literature suggests that there is a significant temporal correlation of external events with the onset or worsening of galactorrhea and that exposure during childhood to an environment characterized by an absent or an alcoholic, violent father conditions some women to develop galactorrhea later in life as a response to specific life events such as marriage and actual or threatened loss of an important person or situation. Furthermore, an interaction of psychogenic, pharmacologic, and endocrinologic factors is said to be responsible for galactorrhea, with the latter occurring when these factors combine to reach a certain threshold. Psychotherapy has been shown to be effective in treatment of galactorrhea in which psychogenic factors are operative. […] This case highlights the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to evaluation and treatment in all cases of galactorrhea.

• #23 Diagnosis and Management of Galactorrhea | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0801/p543.html

  Treatment goals include suppressing prolactin secretion and its clinical and biochemical consequences, reducing the size of the prolactinoma, and preventing its progression or recurrence. […] Dopamine agonists are the preferred treatment for most patients with hyperprolactinemic disorders; these agents are extremely effective in lowering serum prolactin levels, eliminating galactorrhea, restoring gonadal function, and decreasing tumor size. […] Bromocriptine is the preferred agent in patients with hyperprolactin-induced anovulatory infertility. […] Cabergoline is significantly more effective than bromocriptine in normalizing serum prolactin levels and restoring gonadal function. […] Because of the inherent risks of surgery and the efficacy of dopamine agonists in treating patients with prolactinoma, surgical resection rarely is required.

• #24 Galactorrhea – Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/milky-mystery-is-your-nipple-discharge-a-sign-of-galactorrhea

  If your medication is the cause of this condition, your doctor will prescribe another medication in place of the old one to treat Galactorrhea. […] If Hypothyroidism is the cause of your Galactorrhea, your doctor will give you medication, such as levothyroxine, to counteract your thyroid gland’s inadequate synthesis of hormones. […] When a pituitary tumor results in Galactorrhea, it is often benign, and in most cases, medication is used to reduce pituitary tumors. However, in rare instances, a pituitary tumor may need to be removed or reduced by radiation therapy or surgery to cure Galactorrhea. […] Even though Galactorrhea can be uncomfortable and worrying, you should know that it is a highly curable illness. If a pituitary gland tumor is the cause of your Galactorrhea, the tumor is usually benign and well-responding to therapy. Other causes too can be treated quickly with medication. For the most part, patients with Galactorrhea recover completely once the reason is identified and proper treatment begins.

• #25 Galactorrhea: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/symptoms-and-conditions/galactorrhea

  Many cases of galactorrhea will not need treatment once a doctor has ruled out other underlying causes. However, get in touch with your physician if you feel concerned or have any of the following signs or symptoms: […] If your galactorrhea does not bother you and underlying conditions that need medical attention have been ruled out, it is not necessary to treat it. It can simply go away. […] You can also take a medication that reduces the hormone dopamine, which regulates the production of prolactin. It should lower your prolactin levels and stop the leaking. […] The most common medications for galactorrhea in females are bromocriptine (Parlodel) and cabergoline (Dostinex). […] In males, doctors may prescribe hormone therapy to raise low testosterone levels, which are associated with galactorrhea.

• #26 Galactorrhea | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/22024

  After ruling out breast pathologies, therapy direction is towards the cause of hyperprolactinemia. Hyperprolactinemia is treated if there is a pituitary lesion or hypogonadism with problematic galactorrhea; if not troublesome, it can be monitored without therapy. […] The mainstay of hyperprolactinemia is treatment with bromocriptine or cabergoline. These are dopamine agonists which act on the D2 receptors present on the lactotrophs and inhibit prolactin production. […] Normoprolactinemic galactorrhea occurs when the galactorrhea accompanies normal prolactin levels. If symptomatic with troublesome galactorrhea or menstrual cycle irregularities it can be treated with dopamine agonists to obtain symptomatic relief. The treatment is tapered off once the galactorrhea has resolved.

• #27 Hyperprolactinemia: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121784-overview

  Women typically present with a history of oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, or infertility. Galactorrhea is due to the direct physiologic effect of prolactin on breast epithelial cells. […] When symptoms are present, medical therapy for hyperprolactinemia is the treatment of choice. Patients with hyperprolactinemia and no symptoms (idiopathic or microprolactinoma) can be monitored without treatment. […] General indications for pituitary surgery include patient drug intolerance, tumors resistant to medical therapy, patients who have persistent visual-field defects in spite of medical treatment, and patients with large cystic or hemorrhagic tumors.

• #28 Galactorrhea and Headaches in a Nonpregnant Woman

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/galactorrhea-and-headaches-nonpregnant-woman

  Galactorrhea occurs in up to 80% of women with prolactinomas. […] Galactorrhea presents as a clear to milky nipple discharge, especially in women. […] The goals of treatment are: To lower prolactin levels. To decrease tumor size. To reduce galactorrhea. To restore menses and fertility. […] Regardless of their size, prolactinomas are initially treated with dopamine agonists, such as bromocriptine or cabergoline. […] Common adverse effects of both dopamine agonists include nausea and postural hypotension. […] Once treatment is begun, monitor symptoms, prolactin levels, and medication adverse effects regularly. […] If prolactin levels remain normal for more than 2 years, the dopamine agonist may be discontinued. […] Transsphenoidal resection is reserved for patients with progressive neurological symptoms and for those who cannot tolerate or who fail to respond to dopamine agonists.

• #29 Galactorrhea – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/surgery/breast/galactorrhea/

  Galactorrhoea refers to breast milk production not associated with pregnancy or breastfeeding. Breast milk is produced in response to the hormone prolactin. […] Management is targeted at the underlying cause. […] Dopamine agonists (e.g., bromocriptine or cabergoline) can be used to treat the symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia. They block prolactin secretion and improve symptoms. […] Trans-sphenoidal surgical removal of the pituitary tumour is the definitive treatment of hyperprolactinaemia secondary to a prolactinoma. The pituitary gland and tumour are accessed and removed through the nose and sphenoid bone.

• #30 Athens, GA Galactorrhea | Reddy Urgent Care

  https://reddyurgentcarecenters.com/health-information/breast-discharge/

  If the discharge is caused by a medicine you are taking, the discharge will probably clear up when you stop taking the medicine. […] Your provider may prescribe bromocriptine when the cause is unknown. If you are a female that has stopped having periods, this medicine may cause the periods to start again and may increase your chances of becoming pregnant. […] Follow your Reddy Urgent Care’s recommendations for follow-up tests. If you are taking bromocriptine, be sure you take it as prescribed. […] If the galactorrhea is mild and a cause is not found, breast binders may help stop the discharge by preventing stimulation of the nipples.

• #31 Understanding Galactorrhea: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

  https://www.metropolisindia.com/blog/preventive-healthcare/galactorrhea-understanding-unusual-milk-production-and-its-causes

  Galactorrhea is a condition characterised by the production of milk or a milky nipple discharge in individuals who are not pregnant or breastfeeding. The discharge can be from one or both breasts and may be constant or intermittent. It’s important to note that galactorrhea is not a disease itself but rather a symptom of an underlying condition that needs to be identified and addressed. […] Galactorrhea can affect women, men, and even newborn babies. It is most common in women, including those who have never had children or who have gone through menopause. In men, galactorrhea is often associated with hormonal imbalances, such as testosterone deficiency. Newborns can also experience temporary galactorrhea, known as „witch’s milk,” due to exposure to high maternal estrogen levels during pregnancy.

• #32 Galactorrhoea — Symptoms and Causes – Fernandez Hospital

  https://blog.fernandezhospital.com/2018/03/13/galactorrhoea-symptoms-causes/

  Galactorrhoea in newborn babies occurs sometimes when the high estrogen level pass through the placenta into the babys blood. Due to this, enlargement in the breast tissue of the baby may occur which is associated with the milky discharge. In case of men, deficiency of testosterone hormone is associated with galactorrhoea due to which the breasts may enlarge or become tender.

• #33 For how long do women lactate after delivery?

  https://www.icliniq.com/qa/galactorrhea/i-have-facial-hair-weight-gain-and-breastmilk-secretion-even-after-two-years-of-delivery-please-help

  According to your statement, you have been suffering from facial hair, weight gain, and continuous breast milk production. […] Again, the production of breast milk without breastfeeding is known as galactorrhea. The leading cause of galactorrhea is excess prolactin production or hyperproteinemia due to causes like a pituitary tumor. […] Some medications are available, but galactorrhea is not a disease; it is a symptom of a disease. So it will be better to undergo the investigations first to find out the exact cause of your issue and treat them accordingly. I suggest Cycloset (Bromocriptine) and Dostinex (Cabergoline). Bromocriptine, like Cycloset, can be started initially with 1.25 mg to 2.5 mg orally once daily, and Cabergoline, like Dostinex, initially 0.25 mg to 0.5 mg twice weekly. Either Bromocriptine or Cabergoline or both may be used to subside galactorrhea.

• #34 Understanding Galactorrhea: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

  https://www.metropolisindia.com/blog/preventive-healthcare/galactorrhea-understanding-unusual-milk-production-and-its-causes

  While galactorrhea itself is not harmful, it can be a sign of underlying conditions that may lead to complications if left untreated. These can include pituitary tumours, which can cause headaches, vision problems, and hormonal imbalances, osteoporosis if hyperprolactinemia is prolonged and untreated, and infertility, as high prolactin levels can interfere with ovulation in women and testosterone production in men. […] The duration of galactorrhea varies depending on the underlying cause. In some cases, such as with medication-induced galactorrhea, the condition may resolve once the offending drug is discontinued. However, if galactorrhea is caused by a pituitary tumour or other chronic condition, it may persist until the underlying issue is effectively treated. […] Preventing galactorrhea isn’t always possible, but you can reduce risk by informing your doctor of medications, attending regular check-ups to monitor hormonal health, and avoiding excessive breast stimulation. Discuss preventive options with your healthcare provider if at risk.

• #35 MD Consult – Book Text

  https://www.rima.org/web/bcmonline/16339.html

  If amenorrhea accompanies hyperprolactinemia, as is often the case, then patients are at increased risk for development of osteoporosis. […] The dopamine agonists such as bromocriptine are more effective than other forms of treatment in lowering serum prolactin, stopping galactorrhea, and restoring ovulatory menses in patients with hyperprolactinemia. […] Despite the need for indefinite treatment, the success of these agents in lowering serum prolactin values and shrinking tumors has led to their use as first-line therapy instead of surgery for macroadenomas.

• #36

  https://www.nicklauschildrens.org/conditions/galactorrhea

  Galactorrhea care options include improving the patient’s symptoms, identifying and curing the possible cause, helping the patient manage anxiety and stress and maintaining the patient’s fertility. […] Galactorrhea is considered a symptom that can have many causes.

Zobacz więcej