Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Evaluation and Treatment of Galactorrhea | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/0501/p1763.html

  Galactorrhea, or inappropriate lactation, is a relatively common problem that occurs in approximately 20 to 25 percent of women. […] Treatment options for prolactinomas include observation, dopamine agonists, surgery and radiation therapy, depending on tumor size and associated symptoms. […] The goals of galactorrhea treatment include decreasing or eliminating the patient’s symptoms, curing any identified underlying cause, preventing bone loss, relieving the patient’s anxiety and fears, and, when desired, maintaining the patient’s fertility and ability to lactate. […] Patients with idiopathic or physiologic galactorrhea and normal prolactin levels should be reassured. […] High prolactin levels, through their effect on gonadotropins and resulting low estrogen levels, decrease bone density and thereby increase the risk of osteoporosis.

• #2 Galactorrhea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537115/

  Galactorrhea is milk production from the breast unrelated to pregnancy or lactation. […] This activity reviews the evaluation of galactorrhea and the role of the interprofessional team in treating this condition. […] Summarize the treatment for gallactorrhea. […] After ruling out breast pathologies, therapy direction is towards the cause of hyperprolactinemia. Hyperprolactinemia is treated if there is a pituitary lesion or hypogonadism with problematic galactorrhea; if not troublesome, it can be monitored without therapy. […] The mainstay of hyperprolactinemia is treatment with bromocriptine or cabergoline. These are dopamine agonists which act on the D2 receptors present on the lactotrophs and inhibit prolactin production. […] In cases of medication-induced hyperprolactinemia, the offending medication should be stopped or changed to a different class.

• #3 Galactorrhea – familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/galactorrhea/

  Galactorrhea treatment depends on the cause of galactorrhea. Benign tumors can be treated with medicine or surgery. Medicine can help if your body is producing too much of a hormone, such as prolactin. It also helps treat problems, such as hypothyroidism. If a certain medicine causes galactorrhea, your doctor may prescribe a different medicine. […] In many cases, no treatment is necessary. Over time, the condition may go away on its own. Until then, there are some things you can do to help.

• #4 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Galactorrhea | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20154794

  When needed, galactorrhea treatment aims to resolve the underlying cause. […] Sometimes healthcare professionals can’t find an exact cause of galactorrhea. Then you may have treatment if your nipple discharge bothers you. A medicine that blocks the effects of prolactin or lowers your body’s prolactin level could help get rid of galactorrhea. […] Underactive thyroid gland, called hypothyroidism Take a medicine, such as levothyroxine (Levoxyl, Synthroid, others), to help your thyroid gland make enough hormones. This is called thyroid replacement therapy. […] Pituitary tumor, called prolactinoma Take a medicine to shrink the tumor or have surgery to remove it. […] Unknown cause Try a medicine, such as bromocriptine (Cycloset, Parlodel) or cabergoline, to lower your prolactin level and lessen or stop milky nipple discharge. Common side effects of these medicines include nausea, dizziness and headaches.

• #5 Galactorrhea: Symptoms, Causes in Men and Women, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/galactorrhea

  Galactorrhea is often caused by a prolactinoma. This is a tumor that forms in your pituitary gland. It can press on your pituitary gland, stimulating it to produce more prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone that’s largely responsible for lactation. […] Treating galactorrhea depends on the cause. But if you have a small prolactinoma that it’s causing any other symptoms, the condition might resolve on its own. […] Some other potential treatments for galactorrhea include: Avoiding medications that may be causing the discharge. If you suspect a medication you take might be causing galactorrhea, work with your doctor to see if there’s another you can take instead. Just make sure you don’t stop taking anything abruptly, as this can lead to other unintended side effects. […] Taking medication to decrease or stop prolactin by increasing your levels of dopamine. Common examples include bromocriptine (Cycloset) or cabergoline (Dostinex). These medications can help to shrink prolactinomas and other tumors. They can also help to regulate your prolactin levels. […] Surgery to remove a prolactinoma or other tumor. If medication doesn’t seem to work or the tumor is too large, you may need surgery to remove it.

• #6 Galactorrhea: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/pillar/galactorrhea-symptoms-types-causes-diagnose-and-treatment

  2. Medication-Induced Galactorrhea: […] Medication Adjustment: If galactorrhea is a side effect of certain medications, the doctor may consider adjusting the dosage or switching to alternative medications that do not interfere with hormonal regulation. It is essential to consult with the prescribing physician before making any changes to the medication regimen. […] 3. Hypothyroidism: […] Thyroid Hormone Replacement: In cases where hypothyroidism is the underlying cause of galactorrhea, treatment involves thyroid hormone replacement therapy. By administering synthetic thyroid hormones (levothyroxine), thyroid hormone levels are restored to normal, correcting the hormonal imbalance and resolving galactorrhea. […] 4. Stress Management: […] Lifestyle Changes: For stress-induced galactorrhea, lifestyle modifications can be helpful. Stress-reducing activities like yoga, meditation, deep breathing exercises, regular workout, and sufficient sleep can help manage stress levels and potentially alleviate galactorrhea.

• #7 Hyperprolactinemia: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22284-hyperprolactinemia

  The treatment for hyperprolactinemia depends on its cause. If you have high prolactin levels but have few or no symptoms, you may not need treatment. […] Treatment options for prolactinomas (the most common cause of hyperprolactinemia) include: […] Medications called dopamine agonists regulate your prolactin levels. Theyre very effective in shrinking prolactinoma tumors. This is the most common form of treatment for prolactinomas. […] If medication isnt working to shrink your prolactinoma, you may need to have surgery to remove it. […] This is a rare third option for treating prolactinomas if other methods dont work. […] If a medication is causing hyperprolactinemia, your healthcare provider may prescribe a different one that doesnt affect your prolactin levels as much. […] Hyperprolactinemia can affect your quality of life and cause infertility. The good news is that its highly treatable. If youre experiencing symptoms of hyperprolactinemia, talk to your healthcare provider. They can run a simple blood test to see if your prolactin levels are elevated.

• #8 Evaluation and Treatment of Galactorrhea | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/0501/p1763.html

  Medical treatments for prolactinomas include bromocriptine and cabergoline. […] The treatment of a prolactinoma depends on its size and the presence or absence of symptoms indicative of increased intracranial pressure or destruction of nearby structures. […] Surgery is indicated in patients who cannot tolerate medications, have tumors that are resistant to medication or experience rapid visual loss that does not respond to medical therapy. […] Radiation therapy is an option in the patient who cannot tolerate medications and is not a surgical candidate. […] Close observation is required for pregnant women with prolactinomas.

• #9 Prolactinoma – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/prolactinoma

  To overcome the effects of low estrogen levels caused by a prolactinoma, estrogen or oral contraceptives that contain estrogen may be given to women with small prolactinomas who do not want to become pregnant and are not receiving dopamine agonist treatment. […] Doctors generally treat people who have larger tumors with medications similar to dopamine (dopamine agonists), for example, bromocriptine or cabergoline, or with surgery. If medications reduce the prolactin levels and symptoms disappear, surgery may not be necessary. […] Even when surgery is necessary, dopamine agonists may be given to help shrink the tumor before surgery. They are often given after surgery, because a large prolactin-secreting tumor is unlikely to be cured with surgery. […] Radiation therapy is sometimes needed, as for other pituitary tumors, when the tumor does not respond to medical or surgical treatment.

• #10 Diagnosis and Management of Galactorrhea | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0801/p543.html

  After infancy, galactorrhea usually is medication-induced. […] The underlying cause of galactorrhea should be treated when possible. The decision to treat patients with galactorrhea is based on the serum prolactin level, the severity of galactorrhea, and the patients fertility desires. Dopamine agonists are the treatment of choice in most patients with hyperprolactinemic disorders. Bromocriptine is the preferred agent for treatment of hyperprolactin-induced anovulatory infertility. […] The decision to treat galactorrhea should be based on the serum prolactin level, the severity of the galactorrhea, and the patients fertility desires. […] Dopamine agonists are the preferred treatment for most patients with hyperprolactinemic disorders; these agents are extremely effective in lowering serum prolactin levels, eliminating galactorrhea, restoring gonadal function, and decreasing tumor size.

• #11 Diagnosis and Management of Galactorrhea | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0801/p543.html

  Bromocriptine is the preferred agent in patients with hyperprolactin-induced anovulatory infertility. […] Cabergoline is significantly more effective than bromocriptine in normalizing serum prolactin levels and restoring gonadal function. […] Because of the inherent risks of surgery and the efficacy of dopamine agonists in treating patients with prolactinoma, surgical resection rarely is required.

• #12 Galactorrhea – Diagnosis and treatment | Galactorrhea Causes and Treatment | Home Remedies For Galactorrhea

  https://www.endorheumacare.com/galactorrhea.html

  Though in many cases the condition of Galactorrhea resolves on its own. […] But if it is showing a sign of an underlying health issue than it must require some treatment options which include : […] If your doctor suspects a medication is causing you this condition then you might be advised to stop taking the particular drug for some time til the condition is not resolved or else your doctor will prescribe an optional medication which you can take in place of the previous one. […] Some medication bromocriptine (Cycloset) or cabergoline (Dostinex) are used to shrink prolactinomas and other tumors that may be causing you excessive production of prolactin hormone. […] Use of levothyroxine (Levothroid, Synthroid, others) help to regulate hormone production by pituitary gland. […] If medications do not respond enough then doctor may go for surgery for enlarged prolactinoma or other tumors.

• #13 Diagnosis and management of galactorrhea – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15317441/

  After infancy, galactorrhea usually is medication-induced. The underlying cause of galactorrhea should be treated when possible. The decision to treat patients with galactorrhea is based on the serum prolactin level, the severity of galactorrhea, and the patient’s fertility desires. Dopamine agonists are the treatment of choice in most patients with hyperprolactinemic disorders. Bromocriptine is the preferred agent for treatment of hyperprolactin-induced anovulatory infertility. Although cabergoline is more effective and better tolerated than bromocriptine, it is more expensive, and treatment must be discontinued one month before conception is attempted. […] Surgical resection rarely is required for prolactinomas.

• #14 Hyperprolactinemia Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121784-treatment

  A literature review by Fachi et al indicated that the dopamine agonists bromocriptine, cabergoline, and quinagolide are similarly effective in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia but that cabergoline is, for the most part, the safest of the three. […] The results suggested that, despite the drugs similar efficacy, quinagolide is the best dopamine agonist for reducing irregular menstruation, while bromocriptine is superior against galactorrhea. […] A study by Krysiak et al found that in women with mild hyperprolactinemia (serum prolactin levels of 25-50 ng/mL), daily treatment with 5-10 mg of bromocriptine alleviated sexual dysfunction. […] The persistent hypogonadism associated with hyperprolactinemia can lead to osteoporosis. Baseline dual-energy x-ray absortiometry (DEXA) scanning is appropriate. Treatment significantly improves the patient’s quality of life.

• #15 Galactorrhea

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/g/galactorrhea/

  When needed, galactorrhea treatment focuses on resolving the underlying cause. […] Sometimes doctors can’t determine an exact cause of galactorrhea. Your doctor might recommend treatment anyway if you have bothersome or persistent nipple discharge. A medication that blocks the effects of prolactin or lowers your body’s prolactin level could help eliminate galactorrhea. […] Try a medication, such as bromocriptine (Cycloset, Parlodel) or cabergoline, to lower your prolactin level and minimize or stop milky nipple discharge. Side effects of these medications commonly include nausea, dizziness and headaches.

• #16 Galactorrhea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537115/

  Normoprolactinemic galactorrhea occurs when the galactorrhea accompanies normal prolactin levels. If symptomatic with troublesome galactorrhea or menstrual cycle irregularities it can be treated with dopamine agonists to obtain symptomatic relief. The treatment is tapered off once the galactorrhea has resolved. […] In most cases, treatment with dopamine agonists (cabergoline or bromocriptine) normalizes prolactin levels and results in shrinkage of the tumor.

• #17 Galactorrhea | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/22024

  Galactorrhea is milk production from the breast unrelated to pregnancy or lactation. […] After ruling out breast pathologies, therapy direction is towards the cause of hyperprolactinemia. Hyperprolactinemia is treated if there is a pituitary lesion or hypogonadism with problematic galactorrhea; if not troublesome, it can be monitored without therapy. […] The mainstay of hyperprolactinemia is treatment with bromocriptine or cabergoline. These are dopamine agonists which act on the D2 receptors present on the lactotrophs and inhibit prolactin production. […] In cases of medication-induced hyperprolactinemia, the offending medication should be stopped or changed to a different class. […] Normoprolactinemic galactorrhea occurs when the galactorrhea accompanies normal prolactin levels. If symptomatic with troublesome galactorrhea or menstrual cycle irregularities it can be treated with dopamine agonists to obtain symptomatic relief. The treatment is tapered off once the galactorrhea has resolved. […] In most cases, treatment with dopamine agonists (cabergoline or bromocriptine) normalizes prolactin levels and results in shrinkage of the tumor.

• #18 Galactorrhoea: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/galactorrhoea

  Management of galactorrhoea […] Identify and treat the cause, if possible: […] Treat hypothyroidism. […] Management of prolactinomas is described in the separate Hyperprolactinaemia article. […] Review/change any contributing drugs. […] If the cause cannot be addressed, consider: […] Dopamine agonists such as bromocriptine or cabergoline – treatment details are also in the Hyperprolactinaemia article. Cabergoline is thought to be more effective in reducing galactorrhoea. […] These dopamine agonists may also be used in those with normal PRL levels if galactorrhoea is troublesome and reassurance alone is not sufficient. This usually resolves the galactorrhoea within two months and the medication can then be stopped. […] Hormone treatment: testosterone for men or oestrogens for women (eg, the combined oral contraceptive pill). These help to prevent osteoporosis and may improve symptoms.

• #19 Hyperprolactinemia Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121784-treatment

  If the goal is to treat hypogonadism only, patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia or microadenoma can be treated with estrogen replacement and prolactin levels can be monitored. […] Radiation treatment is another option. However, the risk of hypopituitarism makes this a poor choice. It may be necessary for rapidly growing tumors, but its benefits in routine treatment have not been shown to outweigh the risks. […] In patients with symptomatic prolactinomas who are either not responding to high doses of dopamine agonists or cannot tolerate the high doses necessary, transspenoidal surgery has been suggested as the best treatment. […] A retrospective study of male patients by Andereggen et al indicated that in men with prolactinomas, impaired bone density remains a problem even after medical (dopamine-agonist) or surgical treatment.

• #20 Prolactinoma – Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-disorders/prolactinoma

  Prolactinomas are noncancerous tumors made up from lactotrophs in the pituitary gland. Treatment involves tumor inhibition with dopamine agonist drugs and sometimes removal or destruction of the adenoma. […] Diagnosis of galactorrhea due to a prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma is based on elevated prolactin levels (typically 5 times normal, sometimes much higher.) […] The initial treatment for both sexes is usually a dopamine agonist such as bromocriptine 1.25 to 5 mg orally twice a day or the longer-acting cabergoline 0.25 to 1.0 mg orally once or twice a week, which lower prolactin levels. […] Patients with concomitant hypogonadism who elect to not use dopamine agonist therapy can be treated with estrogen (with or without a progestin, as indicated) or testosterone. […] Surgery is second-line therapy in patients whose tumor is resistant to dopamine agonists or in patients who are intolerant of medical therapy.

• #21 Galactorrhea – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/surgery/breast/galactorrhea/

  Galactorrhoea refers to breast milk production not associated with pregnancy or breastfeeding. […] Dopamine agonists (e.g., bromocriptine or cabergoline) can be used to suppress prolactin secretion. […] Management is targeted at the underlying cause. […] Dopamine agonists (e.g., bromocriptine or cabergoline) can be used to treat the symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia. They block prolactin secretion and improve symptoms. […] Trans-sphenoidal surgical removal of the pituitary tumour is the definitive treatment of hyperprolactinaemia secondary to a prolactinoma. The pituitary gland and tumour are accessed and removed through the nose and sphenoid bone.

• #22

  https://www.kuh.ku.edu.tr/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/galactorrhea

  Galactorrhea treatment focuses on resolving the underlying cause. […] A medicine that blocks the effects of prolactin or lowers your body’s prolactin level could help eliminate galactorrhea. […] Try a medicine, such as bromocriptine (Cycloset, Parlodel) or cabergoline, to lower your prolactin level and minimize or stop milky nipple discharge. […] Lifestyle and home remedies often help, particularly if you can avoid breast stimulation or medicines that are known to cause nipple discharge. […] To lessen breast stimulation: Try not to overdo it when touching your nipples during sexual activity. […] Avoid squeezing, pinching or otherwise manipulating your nipples. […] Wear clothing that minimizes friction between the fabric and your nipples.

• #23 Galactorrhea: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/pillar/galactorrhea-symptoms-types-causes-diagnose-and-treatment

  Psychological Support: In some cases, seeking support from therapists or counselors can benefit individuals experiencing chronic stress, helping them cope with emotional challenges that may contribute to galactorrhea. […] 5. Nipple Stimulation: […] Behavioral Changes: If galactorrhea is due to frequent or excessive nipple stimulation, the doctor may advise reducing or avoiding such stimuli. It can help prevent the release of prolactin and lead to a resolution of galactorrhea. […] 6. Idiopathic Hyperprolactinemia: […] Management of Elevated Prolactin: In cases where the exact cause of elevated prolactin levels remains unknown (idiopathic hyperprolactinemia), treatment focuses on reducing prolactin levels with dopamine agonist medications or other suitable approaches. […] […] […] Galactorrhea can be managed and possibly prevented by taking proactive steps to maintain hormonal equilibrium. Since it is a symptom of underlying issues, focusing on the root causes can significantly reduce the risk of galactorrhea. Here are practical measures to consider:

• #24 Galactorrhea: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/pillar/galactorrhea-symptoms-types-causes-diagnose-and-treatment

  1. Regular Health Check-ups: Stay on top of your health with regular medical check-ups. These screenings can detect hormonal imbalances or underlying conditions early on, preventing the development of galactorrhea. […] 2. Medication Management: If the prescribed medications are known to elevate prolactin levels, adhere to your doctor’s instructions diligently. Promptly report any unusual symptoms, such as nipple discharge, for timely evaluation. […] 3. Stress Reduction: Manage stress effectively through relaxation techniques, exercise, and sufficient rest. You can help maintain hormonal harmony and minimize the risk of galactorrhea by reducing chronic stress. […] 4. Thyroid Health: Monitor and manage thyroid conditions, especially hypothyroidism, with proper medication and regular thyroid function tests. This proactive approach can prevent disruptions in hormone levels that may contribute to galactorrhea.

• #25

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=av2818

  Galactorrhea can also happen in men, but this is rare. […] You may need to take medicine such as thyroid pills to treat low thyroid levels. Or you may need to stop a medicine that is causing the problem. In some cases, galactorrhea goes away without treatment. But if it is caused by a tumour, you may need surgery or medicine to treat the tumour. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.

• #26 Hyperprolactinemia (High Prolactin Levels) patient education fact sheet | ReproductiveFacts.org

  https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/hyperprolactinemia-high-prolactin-levels/

  Hyperprolactinemia is a condition of too much prolactin in the blood, which is abnormal in people who are not pregnant or just had a baby. […] The treatment depends on the cause. If no cause is found or you have a tumor of the pituitary gland, the usual treatment is medication. […] The most commonly used medicines are cabergoline and bromocriptine. […] Treatment continues until your symptoms lessen or you get pregnant (if that is your goal). […] Not all women with hyperprolactinemia need treatment, although women with hyperprolactinemia who do not make estrogen as a result of their high prolactin may need a treatment. […] If a pituitary tumor is large, surgery may be needed if medicine doesn’t improve symptoms.

• #27 Prolactinoma – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/prolactinoma

  Medications can be given that mimic dopamine, the chemical in the brain that blocks prolactin production. They include bromocriptine and cabergoline. These medications are taken by mouth and are effective only as long as they are used. However, studies have shown that about 20 to 25% of people may be able to safely stop taking these medications after 3 years of therapy. […] In most people, these medications lower prolactin levels enough to restore menstrual periods, stop galactorrhea (in women and men), and increase estrogen levels in women and testosterone levels in men. The medications are often able to restore fertility. They also usually shrink the tumor and decrease any vision problems. […] Surgery is also effective for treating small prolactinomas but is not usually used first because treatment with medication is safe, effective, and easy to use.

• #28 Prolactinoma – Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-disorders/prolactinoma

  Women should stop dopamine agonists (cabergoline or bromocriptine) at the time of a positive pregnancy test result because reduction in prolactin levels is no longer required, and there is little risk of clinically significant pituitary tumor growth. […] For macroadenomas, give a dopamine agonist and consider surgical ablation or sometimes radiation therapy when drugs fail to achieve treatment goals.

• #29 What Is Galactorrhea?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/endocrine-diseases/galactorrhea

  Galactorrhea is a condition with milky nipple discharge from the breasts that is not associated with breastfeeding. […] The treatment modalities of galactorrhea solely depend upon the underlying cause of the condition. In addition, the following methods are used to treat the condition: Drugs to Block Prolactin Production: Drugs are given that might mimic the action of dopamine since it is responsible for blocking prolactin production. […] Surgery or Radiation Therapy: When the prolactin levels are high due to the presence of a tumor, and the drug therapy is not responding as efficiently as it should, then the doctor might suggest surgery. […] The prognosis of the condition is excellent, and after removing the underlying cause of the condition, galactorrhea can be completely stopped. […] The treatment of galactorrhea includes the administration of prolactin-blocking drugs that mimic the action of dopamine and surgical removal of the tumor.

• #30 Galactorrhea (milk flow) – Find a senology specialist!

  https://www.leading-medicine-guide.com/en/illness/genitourinary/galactorrhea

  Galactorrhea is particularly easy to treat if it occurs as a side effect of tablets. In this case, your doctor simply needs to change the medication and work out a new medication plan with you. […] An elevated prolactin level in the blood can be easily reduced with medication. The medication that lowers the prolactin level often also shrinks an existing tumor. […] Surgery is not necessary. Only if patients do not respond to the medication and surgical measures is it necessary to irradiate the tumor. […] You should always discuss the risks and benefits of the treatment options with a specialist. For example, a woman who does not wish to have children has no problems if ovulation and monthly bleeding do not occur. […] Doctors also do not necessarily have to remove a tumor if it is a microprolactinoma. If you decide against an operation, an annual computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scan is recommended.

• #31 Galactorrhea – Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/milky-mystery-is-your-nipple-discharge-a-sign-of-galactorrhea

  When a pituitary tumor results in Galactorrhea, it is often benign, and in most cases, medication is used to reduce pituitary tumors. However, in rare instances, a pituitary tumor may need to be removed or reduced by radiation therapy or surgery to cure Galactorrhea. […] Even though Galactorrhea can be uncomfortable and worrying, you should know that it is a highly curable illness. If a pituitary gland tumor is the cause of your Galactorrhea, the tumor is usually benign and well-responding to therapy. Other causes too can be treated quickly with medication. For the most part, patients with Galactorrhea recover completely once the reason is identified and proper treatment begins.

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