Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Ependymoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538244/

  Ependymomas are glial cell tumors that commonly arise in the lining cells of the ventricular system, and less commonly outside the central nervous system (CNS), or within the brain parenchyma. This activity reviews the pathophysiology and presentation of ependymoma and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in their management. […] Outline the importance of improving care coordination among interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients affected by ependymoma. […] The mainstay of treatment for ependymoma includes an interprofessional approach that may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. […] Palliative care may be necessary for patients at end-of-life. […] Those who undergo surgery may also develop a number of neurological deficits. These individuals may require physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy. In many cases, the neurological deficits are permanent.

• #2 Living With Ependymoma | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/ependymoma/survival/living-with-ependymoma

  Ependymoma is a rare type of tumor that develops in the lining of the ventricles in the brain and central canal of the spinal cord. […] Living with ependymoma can be challenging, and patients may experience a range of symptoms depending on the location and size of the tumor. […] To effectively manage ependymoma, patients need to take an active role in their healthcare management. It is important to learn about the condition and what to expect during and after treatment. […] Maintaining a healthy lifestyle by eating a nutritious diet and engaging in regular exercise can help to improve overall well-being, boost energy levels, and support recovery during and after ependymoma treatment. […] Other helpful measures to manage symptoms include staying hydrated, getting enough sleep, and maintaining a positive attitude. Patients with ependymoma should also follow their doctors care and symptom management instructions to prevent the recurrence of the tumors.

• #3 Ependymoma

  http://healthlibrary.chnola.org/Search/3,90327

  Ependymoma is a rare type of tumor that starts in the brain or spinal cord. It can occur in both children and adults. It’s more common in childhood, when it starts in the brain. In adults, these tumors most often start in the spinal cord. […] A malignant ependymoma can spread. A benign one can’t. Both types can cause problems as they grow and press on nearby tissues. […] Ependymoma is a primary CNS tumor. This means it starts in the tissues of the brain or spinal cord instead of starting in another part of the body and spreading to the CNS. […] Ependymomas are a diverse group of CNS tumors. They are grouped by their location, molecular features, and grade (Grades 1 to 3). […] Your healthcare team will work with you to make a treatment plan. Your team may include: Neurologist or neuro-oncologist, Neurosurgeon, Radiation oncologist (a healthcare provider who specializes in treating tumors with radiation), Nurse, Nurse practitioner, Psychologist, Social worker.

• #4 Ependymoma Diagnosis & Treatment – NYC | Columbia Neurosurgery in New York City

  https://www.neurosurgery.columbia.edu/patient-care/conditions/ependymoma

  Ependymomas are brain tumors that arise from ependymal cells. The most common surgical treatment for ependymoma is craniotomy and surgical removal, and the most common nonsurgical treatment is stereotactic radiosurgery. […] Subependymomas and myxopapillary ependymomas, the Grade I tumors, are easier to treat than the Grade II and Grade III tumors, which tend to recur after initial treatment. However, in general, ependymal tumors tend to not invade nearby tissue but instead displace it as they grow, making surgical removal of many of these tumors possible. […] At Columbia, our experienced neurosurgeons use the most advanced surgical techniques to treat ependymomas. […] The standard surgical treatment for these tumors is brain tumor surgery. To surgically resect the tumor, a neurosurgeon performs a craniotomy, providing access to the tumor.

• #5

  https://medschool.cuanschutz.edu/neurosurgery/patientresources/conditions-and-diseases/ependymoma

  Ependymomas are tumors that arise from ependymal cells that line the venticles in the brain and the center of the spinal cord where cerebrospinal fluid flows. The World Health Organization classifies ependymomas as grade I (myxopapillary ependymoma and subependymoma), grade II (ependymoma), or grade III (anaplastic ependymoma) based on the aggressiveness of the tumor. Ependymomas can occur in the brain and spread to the spinal cord through the cerebrospinal fluid. The majority of ependymomas are benign (grade I). […] Many ependymomas occur in the fourth ventricle and can block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid leading to hydrocephalus, a build-up of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. Increased intracranial pressure from hydrocephalus can cause headaches, nausea, vomiting, visual changes, and changes in behavior. Ependymomas in the spine can cause back pain, weakness in the arms or legs, or bladder problems.

• #6 Ependymoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/277621-treatment

  The extent of tumor resection is the most important prognostic factor associated with long-term survival for patients with nonmalignant forms of ependymoma, regardless of location. Thus, a gross total resection (GTR) is optimal. The feasibility and extent of the resection will vary with the location of the tumor and the clinical characteristics of the patient. […] Though surgical treatment is the primary treatment for ependymoma, medical management also plays a role. General medical management may include steroids for treatment of peritumoral edema and anticonvulsants. In the case of incomplete tumor resection or recurrence, radiation is central to medical management. […] A team of specialists including a neurologist, neurosurgeon, neurooncologist, and radiation oncologist should evaluate patients with ependymomas to develop a coordinated treatment strategy.

• #7 Ependymoma

  http://healthlibrary.chnola.org/Search/3,90327

  Ependymoma is a rare type of tumor that starts in the brain or spinal cord. It can occur in both children and adults. It’s more common in childhood, when it starts in the brain. In adults, these tumors most often start in the spinal cord. […] A malignant ependymoma can spread. A benign one can’t. Both types can cause problems as they grow and press on nearby tissues. […] Ependymoma is a primary CNS tumor. This means it starts in the tissues of the brain or spinal cord instead of starting in another part of the body and spreading to the CNS. […] Ependymomas are a diverse group of CNS tumors. They are grouped by their location, molecular features, and grade (Grades 1 to 3). […] Your healthcare team will work with you to make a treatment plan. Your team may include: Neurologist or neuro-oncologist, Neurosurgeon, Radiation oncologist (a healthcare provider who specializes in treating tumors with radiation), Nurse, Nurse practitioner, Psychologist, Social worker.

• #8 Ependymomas (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ependymoma.html

  An ependymoma (ep-en-deh-MO-muh) is a group of abnormal cells (a tumor) that forms in the brain or spinal cord. Most ependymomas are treated with surgery and radiation therapy. Some children may also have chemotherapy (chemo). […] Treatment for an ependymoma usually starts with surgery to remove the tumor as well as radiation therapy. Some children may also have chemo. […] After finishing treatment, kids will need regular follow-up so doctors can see how theyre doing. Because an ependymoma can come back, kids will need an MRI several times a year for the first few years, then less often. This helps doctors find any problems early so they can work with families to make a treatment plan. […] A team of specialists works together to care for a child with an ependymoma. They may include: a pediatric neuro-oncologist (a doctor who treats cancers of the brain or spine), a pediatric neurologist (a doctor who treats nervous system problems), a pediatric neurosurgeon (a surgeon who operates on the brain or spine), a pediatric radiation oncologist (a specialist who gives radiation therapy), pediatric rehabilitation medicine specialists, including speech therapists, physical therapists, and occupational therapists, pediatric psychologists and social workers. […] If your child has an ependymoma, it can help to find support from members of the care team, friends and family, and other parents whove gone through the same thing.

• #9 Ependymoma | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/ependymoma

  The Neuro-Oncology Program at Nationwide Childrens Hospital offers clinical excellence in treating children, adolescents, and young adults with brain and spine tumors. Patients and their families will be supported by a multi-disciplinary team of providers, all dedicated to ensuring that the patient has the best possible outcomes. […] Our highly experienced and internationally recognized team of pediatric neuro-oncologists, neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists will care for your child by providing the most advanced and innovative treatments, while at the same time, paying careful attention to all the needs and concerns of your child and family.

• #10 Ependymoma Treatment | St. Jude Care & Treatment

  https://www.stjude.org/care-treatment/treatment/childhood-cancer/brain-tumors/ependymoma.html

  St. Jude provides the highest quality of care for patients with ependymoma: […] We bring together medical experts and specially trained staff to care for your child. […] Our brain tumor clinical trials have led to better therapies in children. These include lower-dose therapies, targeted therapy, and proton therapy. […] St. Jude offers a dedicated team of specialists to meet the needs of children with brain tumors, including: […] The nurse-to-patient ratio at St. Jude is about 1:3 in hematology and oncology and 1:1 in the Intensive Care Unit. […] More reasons to choose St. Jude for care include: […] We lead more clinical trials for childhood cancer than any other hospital in the U.S. […] St. Jude is the only National Cancer Institute designated Comprehensive Cancer Center just for children.

• #11 Ependymoma

  https://healthlibrary.tidelandshealth.org/Search/134,538

  Ependymoma can be hard to diagnose because it’s a rare tumor in adults. […] You and your medical team will decide on the best treatment plan for you. Team members may include: […] Treatment depends on the type of tumor and where it is. Your healthcare team will help you decide the best treatment plan for you. The main treatment in adults is surgery to remove as much of the tumor as possible. […] Radiation therapy might be used after surgery. If the tumor has spread, which is rare, chemotherapy may be needed after surgery. […] Talk with your healthcare provider about treatment risks and side effects, your prognosis, and the chances of your tumor returning. […] Most people treated for ependymoma have a good outcome.

• #12

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/brain-spine-institute/brain-spine-tumors/ependymoma

  Ependymoma diagnosis can be difficult because its hard to tell the difference from other tumors. […] Your care may also involve a neurosurgeon or a neuro-oncologist, who work with cancers that affect the nervous system. […] Surgery is often the first treatment for ependymoma tumors whether theyre benign or malignant. […] Your surgeon will remove as much of the tumor as possible to relieve symptoms. […] If the tumor isnt completely removed, having removed most of it will make further treatments work better. […] Depending on the tumor and your health, radiation therapy may be recommended to destroy anything thats left of the tumor. […] After youve completed treatment, youll be monitored regularly to see if any tumors come back. […] We also provide continuing support through rehabilitation therapy, support groups and other means.

• #13 Ependymomas | Glasser Brain Tumor Center, NJ

  https://ahs.atlantichealth.org/care/brain-tumor-center/brain-tumor-treatment/ependymomas.html

  Ependymomas are a type of glioma. […] Ependymomas are diagnosed through a neurological examination followed by a computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain. […] Surgical removal of the tumor is the typical initial treatment for an ependymoma. […] Most grade I ependymomas do not return after complete surgical removal. For many grade II and grade III tumors, surgery is combined with other post-surgical treatments like: […] Our team will closely monitor you and personalize your follow-up care.

• #14

  https://medschool.cuanschutz.edu/neurosurgery/patientresources/conditions-and-diseases/ependymoma

  Ependymomas are evaluated with an MRI or CT scan. A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) may be performed to see if there are ependymoma cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. […] Surgical biopsy and removal of as much of the tumor as possible without causing significant neurological damage is the first step in the treatment of an ependymoma. […] Ependymomas are very sensitive to radiation so fractionated radiation is usually recommended after surgery to prevent tumor re-growth. […] Chemotherapy is occasionally used in the treatment of ependymomas. […] Long-term follow-up with regular scans and neurological exams is recommended to watch for tumor recurrence.

• #15

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/neuroscience/brain-skull-base-care/brain-tumor/ependymoma

  Ependymoma tumors are rare, and we dont know what causes them. […] Our Aurora Health Care specialists are here for you, offering you access to the latest treatments and clinical trials. […] If you have an ependymoma, your Aurora Health Care cancer care team will create a personalized ependymoma treatment plan to meet your needs. Treatments for ependymomas typically include a combination of cancer surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] Surgery is often done first, partly because its a way of gathering a tissue sample for a biopsy. […] Another function of surgery is removing as much of the tumor as possible to ease symptoms and make any other needed treatments work better. […] Ependymoma treatments may include the use of: Brain mapping technology, a minimally invasive procedure to access the tumor through a dime-sized channel, or port.

• #16 Living With Ependymoma | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/ependymoma/survival/living-with-ependymoma

  Ependymoma is a rare type of tumor that develops in the lining of the ventricles in the brain and central canal of the spinal cord. […] Living with ependymoma can be challenging, and patients may experience a range of symptoms depending on the location and size of the tumor. […] To effectively manage ependymoma, patients need to take an active role in their healthcare management. It is important to learn about the condition and what to expect during and after treatment. […] Maintaining a healthy lifestyle by eating a nutritious diet and engaging in regular exercise can help to improve overall well-being, boost energy levels, and support recovery during and after ependymoma treatment. […] Other helpful measures to manage symptoms include staying hydrated, getting enough sleep, and maintaining a positive attitude. Patients with ependymoma should also follow their doctors care and symptom management instructions to prevent the recurrence of the tumors.

• #17 Ependymoma – Conditions – Neurooncology – Specialties – UR Neurosurgery – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/cancer-institute/cancers/brain-spine/multidisciplinary-care/neurosurgery/tumor-types/ependymoma

  Ependymomas are a type of glioma that develops from ependymal cells. Ependymal cells are found in the lining of the ventricles and spinal cord. These tumors are more common in children than adults. In children, they are often found in the cerebellum, the brains coordination center. In adults, they are often found in the spinal cord. […] The most common symptoms associated with ependymomas are headache, back pain, numbness, weakness and sometimes double vision. If the pressure becomes too high, this can cause nausea and vomiting as well as decreased consciousness. […] Ependymomas are generally slower growing than other gliomas. Most ependymomas are myxopapillary ependymomas that occur in the lowest portion of the spinal column. These tumors are generally less aggressive, although once treated they can grow back. For some ependymomas, surgery may be the only treatment you need. Others may need to be treated with radiation or possibly chemotherapy. If the tumor grows back, it usually becomes more aggressive. […] May be located in the ventricles of the brain and cause hydrocephalus (water on the brain). […] Common symptoms: headache, nausea, speech or balance abnormalities, difficulty swallowing, facial weakness, double vision.

• #18 Ependymoma – Neurosurgery | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/neurosurgery/conditions-treated/ependymoma

  Ependymomas are tumors that arise from a thin layer of cells that line the ventricular walls and central canal of the spinal cord. […] Ependymomas are a type of glioma, along with astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. These tumors can occur anywhere in the brain or spinal cord. The most common site in the brain is at the bottom of the brain near the spinal cord. These tumors have the potential to spread through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to other areas of the nervous system. […] Common symptoms include headache, nausea/vomiting, ataxia (difficulty with balance) or dizziness. […] Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred diagnostic tool, although the diagnosis should be confirmed by microscopic examination of the tumor from a biopsy. […] UCLA offers a multidisciplinary management of ependymomas, with experts in neurosurgery, radiation oncology, and neuro-oncology working closely together to assure the highest quality of care.

• #19

  https://medschool.cuanschutz.edu/neurosurgery/patientresources/conditions-and-diseases/ependymoma

  Ependymomas are tumors that arise from ependymal cells that line the venticles in the brain and the center of the spinal cord where cerebrospinal fluid flows. The World Health Organization classifies ependymomas as grade I (myxopapillary ependymoma and subependymoma), grade II (ependymoma), or grade III (anaplastic ependymoma) based on the aggressiveness of the tumor. Ependymomas can occur in the brain and spread to the spinal cord through the cerebrospinal fluid. The majority of ependymomas are benign (grade I). […] Many ependymomas occur in the fourth ventricle and can block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid leading to hydrocephalus, a build-up of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. Increased intracranial pressure from hydrocephalus can cause headaches, nausea, vomiting, visual changes, and changes in behavior. Ependymomas in the spine can cause back pain, weakness in the arms or legs, or bladder problems.

• #20

  https://medschool.cuanschutz.edu/neurosurgery/patientresources/conditions-and-diseases/ependymoma

  Ependymomas are tumors that arise from ependymal cells that line the venticles in the brain and the center of the spinal cord where cerebrospinal fluid flows. The World Health Organization classifies ependymomas as grade I (myxopapillary ependymoma and subependymoma), grade II (ependymoma), or grade III (anaplastic ependymoma) based on the aggressiveness of the tumor. Ependymomas can occur in the brain and spread to the spinal cord through the cerebrospinal fluid. The majority of ependymomas are benign (grade I). […] Many ependymomas occur in the fourth ventricle and can block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid leading to hydrocephalus, a build-up of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. Increased intracranial pressure from hydrocephalus can cause headaches, nausea, vomiting, visual changes, and changes in behavior. Ependymomas in the spine can cause back pain, weakness in the arms or legs, or bladder problems.

• #21 Ependymoma | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/ependymoma

  Ependymomas are a type of tumor that form in the brain or spinal cord as a result of abnormal growth of ependymal cells. […] Nationwide Children’s Hospital offers a team of experts focused on the care of children with an Ependymoma. […] Were all about coordinated care. Together, these experts dedicate their lives to a single mission: finding the solutions to treat brain tumors in children and teens. […] The best treatment for ependymoma is to surgically remove as much of the tumor as possible. Treatment then will be individualized based on your child’s age, the location of the tumor, the grade (how aggressive the tumor appears under the microscope), and whether the tumor has spread (metastasized). […] Speak with your child’s doctor about what you should watch for and what can be done to help prevent complications.

• #22 Ependymoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/brain-and-spinal-cord-childhood/treatment/ependymoma

  Ependymoma is a childhood brain tumour that starts in the lining of the ventricles of the brain. They happen most often in the cerebellum. They can also happen in the upper brain and sometimes in the spinal cord. They usually don’t grow into nearby normal brain tissue. […] The healthcare team will suggest treatments based on your child’s needs and work with you to develop a treatment plan. Treatments for ependymomas depends on: the subtype of ependymoma, the location of the tumour, how far the tumour has grown or spread, if the tumour can be surgically removed (resectable), your child’s age, neurological condition and general health. […] Newly diagnosed ependymomas are commonly treated with surgery and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy is sometimes used. […] Whenever possible, surgery is used to treat ependymomas. The goal is to remove as much of the tumour as possible. Surgery is usually followed with radiation therapy. If all of the tumour is not removed with surgery, second-look surgery may be used. Second-look surgery is used to see how treatment worked and to remove more of the tumour, if possible. It can be done a few days after the first surgery or after chemotherapy. Surgery may be used to relieve a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

• #23 Ependymoma: Diagnosis and Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/rare-brain-spine-tumor/tumors/ependymoma

  The first treatment for an ependymoma is surgery, if possible. The goal of surgery is to obtain tissue to determine the tumor type and remove as much tumor as possible without causing more symptoms. […] NCI-CONNECT doctors and nurses work with you and your primary doctor to collaborate on a comprehensive care plan that treats your brain or spine tumor. They will also help you cope with the physical and emotional aspects of your diagnosis.

• #24 Ependymoma: Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23147-ependymoma

  Your healthcare provider will treat an ependymoma with: […] Surgery is the most common ependymoma treatment. A surgeon will remove as much of the tumor as possible. […] Radiation therapy uses powerful X-rays to destroy tumor cells. You might need radiation before and/or after surgery. […] Chemo is medication that kills cancer cells. You’ll usually only need chemo if the tumor has spread to other areas of your body. This is very rare with ependymomas. […] Immunotherapy is a rare treatment for an ependymoma. […] Ependymomas are tumors that grow in your brain or spinal cord. There are lots of grades and types, but the good news is they’re all treatable. Many people successfully have surgery to remove an ependymoma with no long-term effects. […] Your provider will help you understand everything you need to know about the ependymoma and which treatments you’ll need. Don’t hesitate to ask them any questions you think of. There’s no such thing as a silly question when it comes to your health or body.

• #25 Ependymoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ependymoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20580744

  Surgery is the primary treatment for ependymoma. For tumors that are growing quickly or for tumors that can’t be removed completely with surgery, additional treatments may be recommended. These may include radiation therapy, radiosurgery, chemotherapy or targeted therapy. […] Make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have any symptoms that worry you. […] Connect with others like you for support and answers to your questions in the Adolescent Young Adult (AYA) Cancer support group on Mayo Clinic Connect, a patient community.

• #26 Ependymoma Diagnosis & Treatment – NYC | Columbia Neurosurgery in New York City

  https://www.neurosurgery.columbia.edu/patient-care/conditions/ependymoma

  Ependymomas are brain tumors that arise from ependymal cells. The most common surgical treatment for ependymoma is craniotomy and surgical removal, and the most common nonsurgical treatment is stereotactic radiosurgery. […] Subependymomas and myxopapillary ependymomas, the Grade I tumors, are easier to treat than the Grade II and Grade III tumors, which tend to recur after initial treatment. However, in general, ependymal tumors tend to not invade nearby tissue but instead displace it as they grow, making surgical removal of many of these tumors possible. […] At Columbia, our experienced neurosurgeons use the most advanced surgical techniques to treat ependymomas. […] The standard surgical treatment for these tumors is brain tumor surgery. To surgically resect the tumor, a neurosurgeon performs a craniotomy, providing access to the tumor.

• #27 Ependymoma Surgery | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/ependymoma/treatment/surgery

  Surgery is typically the first line of treatment for ependymomas. Safe and complete tumor removal is the primary goal. […] After surgery, the patient will be closely monitored for pain and any neurological deficits, such as weakness, numbness, or changes in cognitive function. In addition, patients may have difficulty eating and drinking because of nausea or swallowing difficulties after the surgery. Nutritional support, such as enteral feeding or intravenous fluids, may be necessary to ensure that the patient receives adequate nutrition. […] Complications from surgery for ependymoma are rare but include bleeding, infection, and neurological deficits from damage to surrounding tissue or structures. Physical rehabilitation may be required to help regain lost functions. […] The recovery outlook differs from patient to patient. After treatment, some patients may experience fatigue and cognitive changes, such as difficulty with memory, concentration, speech, pain at the surgical site, or neurological deficits such as weakness or numbness.

• #28 Ependymoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/277621-treatment

  The extent of tumor resection is the most important prognostic factor associated with long-term survival for patients with nonmalignant forms of ependymoma, regardless of location. Thus, a gross total resection (GTR) is optimal. The feasibility and extent of the resection will vary with the location of the tumor and the clinical characteristics of the patient. […] Though surgical treatment is the primary treatment for ependymoma, medical management also plays a role. General medical management may include steroids for treatment of peritumoral edema and anticonvulsants. In the case of incomplete tumor resection or recurrence, radiation is central to medical management. […] A team of specialists including a neurologist, neurosurgeon, neurooncologist, and radiation oncologist should evaluate patients with ependymomas to develop a coordinated treatment strategy.

• #29 Current Management of Childhood Ependymoma

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/current-management-childhood-ependymoma

  The poor outcome of children younger than age 3 has been attributed in part to the delay in administering radiation therapy. […] Therefore, the approach for this very young group of patients with ependymoma should be reevaluated in light of recent advances in radiation therapy. […] Several institutional retrospective reviews and two prospective phase III trials have shown that the extent of surgical resection is the most consistent prognostic factor for patients with ependymoma. […] Successful treatment of newly diagnosed or recurrent intracranial ependymoma by resection alone has been reported by two independent groups. […] Although complete resection is instrumental in the long-term, event-free, and overall survival of patients with childhood ependymoma, it is performed in only 42% to 62% of patients.

• #30 Ependymoma Diagnosis & Treatment – NYC | Columbia Neurosurgery in New York City

  https://www.neurosurgery.columbia.edu/patient-care/conditions/ependymoma

  The outcome of surgery largely depends on the extent of tumor resection. Complete resection is the goal, but sometimes the tumor is attached to, or too near, critical structures, making complete resection impossible. Instead, subtotal resection is performed. Our neurosurgeons remove as much tumor as possible while also preserving nearby structures and overall function. […] Resecting the tumor may resolve hydrocephalus. Otherwise, a neurosurgeon can insert a shunt to divert the cerebrospinal fluid, restoring normal intracranial pressure and relieving symptoms. […] Adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy is used to treat residual tumor and tumor recurrence. However, physicians avoid radiotherapy in children younger than three years old because of the risk of negative effects on the developing brain. Instead, chemotherapy may be used for these young children and then radiotherapy used once they are older. […] Radiotherapy can be administered in a variety of ways, one of which is stereotactic radiosurgerya noninvasive, highly precise means of delivering radiation to tumor cells.

• #31 Ependymoma Brain Tumor Symptoms and Treatment | UPMC

  https://www.upmc.com/services/neurosurgery/brain/conditions/brain-tumors/ependymoma

  Ependymomas are generally resistant to chemotherapy, so their surgical removal is a mainstay of treatment. […] Your neurosurgical team at UPMC may recommend a combination of surgical and non-surgical approaches to ependymoma treatment. […] Whenever possible, ependymomas are surgically removed. […] UPMC neurosurgeons will thoroughly evaluate you and find a path to the tumor that is least disruptive to your brain, critical nerves, and ability to return to normal functioning. […] If surgery isn’t an option for your ependymoma, you may receive radiation therapy.

• #32 Ependymoma: Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23147-ependymoma

  Your healthcare provider will treat an ependymoma with: […] Surgery is the most common ependymoma treatment. A surgeon will remove as much of the tumor as possible. […] Radiation therapy uses powerful X-rays to destroy tumor cells. You might need radiation before and/or after surgery. […] Chemo is medication that kills cancer cells. You’ll usually only need chemo if the tumor has spread to other areas of your body. This is very rare with ependymomas. […] Immunotherapy is a rare treatment for an ependymoma. […] Ependymomas are tumors that grow in your brain or spinal cord. There are lots of grades and types, but the good news is they’re all treatable. Many people successfully have surgery to remove an ependymoma with no long-term effects. […] Your provider will help you understand everything you need to know about the ependymoma and which treatments you’ll need. Don’t hesitate to ask them any questions you think of. There’s no such thing as a silly question when it comes to your health or body.

• #33 Ependymoma | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/ependymoma?content_id=CON-20117720

  Surgery is the primary treatment for ependymoma. For tumors that are growing quickly or for tumors that can’t be removed completely with surgery, additional treatments may be recommended. These may include radiation therapy, radiosurgery, chemotherapy or targeted therapy. […] If the entire tumor is removed during surgery, additional treatment may not be needed. If some tumor remains, the neurosurgeon may recommend another operation to try to remove the rest of the tumor. Additional treatments, such as radiation therapy, may be recommended for cancerous tumors or if all of the tumor can’t be removed. […] Radiation therapy may be recommended after surgery to help prevent cancerous tumors from coming back. It also may be recommended if neurosurgeons weren’t able to remove the tumor completely. […] Chemotherapy isn’t often used to treat ependymoma. It might be an option in certain situations, such as when the tumor grows back despite surgery and radiation. […] Targeted therapy might be an option to treat an ependymoma that comes back after treatment.

• #34

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/neuroscience/brain-skull-base-care/brain-tumor/ependymoma

  Ependymoma tumors are rare, and we dont know what causes them. […] Our Aurora Health Care specialists are here for you, offering you access to the latest treatments and clinical trials. […] If you have an ependymoma, your Aurora Health Care cancer care team will create a personalized ependymoma treatment plan to meet your needs. Treatments for ependymomas typically include a combination of cancer surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] Surgery is often done first, partly because its a way of gathering a tissue sample for a biopsy. […] Another function of surgery is removing as much of the tumor as possible to ease symptoms and make any other needed treatments work better. […] Ependymoma treatments may include the use of: Brain mapping technology, a minimally invasive procedure to access the tumor through a dime-sized channel, or port.

• #35

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/neuroscience/brain-skull-base-care/brain-tumor/ependymoma

  Chemotherapy, which uses cancer-fighting medicines to stop the growth of tumors. […] Stereotactic radiotherapy, which uses high-energy radiation to treat the tumor. […] Whole brain radiation therapy may be used for some tumors. […] We also offer comprehensive support for personal needs related to your disease.

• #36 Ependymoma Diagnosis & Treatment – NYC | Columbia Neurosurgery in New York City

  https://www.neurosurgery.columbia.edu/patient-care/conditions/ependymoma

  The outcome of surgery largely depends on the extent of tumor resection. Complete resection is the goal, but sometimes the tumor is attached to, or too near, critical structures, making complete resection impossible. Instead, subtotal resection is performed. Our neurosurgeons remove as much tumor as possible while also preserving nearby structures and overall function. […] Resecting the tumor may resolve hydrocephalus. Otherwise, a neurosurgeon can insert a shunt to divert the cerebrospinal fluid, restoring normal intracranial pressure and relieving symptoms. […] Adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy is used to treat residual tumor and tumor recurrence. However, physicians avoid radiotherapy in children younger than three years old because of the risk of negative effects on the developing brain. Instead, chemotherapy may be used for these young children and then radiotherapy used once they are older. […] Radiotherapy can be administered in a variety of ways, one of which is stereotactic radiosurgerya noninvasive, highly precise means of delivering radiation to tumor cells.

• #37 Ependymomas | Brain Tumor Treatment | Neurosurgery Center

  https://www.barrowbrainandspine.com/what-we-treat/brain-tumor/ependymoma/

  Managing brain tumors are a team effort. Our internationally-recognized brain tumor specialists work side-by-side with experienced neuro-oncologists and radiation oncologists to individualize patient care. […] As the highest-volume operative brain tumor treatment center in the United States, Barrow Brain and Spine operates on more adult ependymoma patients than anywhere else. Proud partners of the Barrow Neurological Institute, our neurosurgeons are well-versed in diagnosing and treating some of the most complex tumors and neurological conditions in the world. […] For many patients, surgical removal can provide a long-term ependymoma treatment solution. In more complex cases, a combination of surgery and non- and minimally-invasive targeted radiation therapy using ZAP-X, CyberKnife, or Gamma Knife technologies is necessary to treat ependymomas.

• #38 Current Management of Childhood Ependymoma

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/current-management-childhood-ependymoma

  Radiation therapy has long been a mainstay in the treatment of ependymoma. […] However, with the advent of conformal radiation and evidence supporting its use in younger children (ie, 3 years old), the standard of care for childhood ependymoma is rapidly evolving to include immediate postoperative radiation therapy for all pediatric patients. […] The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of ependymoma has diminished recently because (1) chemotherapy fails to delay radiation therapy for a meaningful period of time; (2) tumors that progress during chemotherapy do not respond as well to subsequent irradiation; and (3) the combination of chemotherapy and irradiation does not improve overall survival. […] However, chemotherapy may make residual tumor more amenable to a second resection. […] Because the extent of resection is one of the most important prognostic factors in the treatment of this disease, increasing the rate of complete resections is a significant means of increasing long-term survival.

• #39 Current Management of Childhood Ependymoma

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/current-management-childhood-ependymoma

  Current management of childhood ependymoma relies on three principal classifications of resection. […] For nearly 20 years, the avoidance of radiation therapy has been the hallmark of trial designs for the treatment of brain tumors in young children. […] Since 1977, postoperative radiation therapy has been considered standard treatment for patients with ependymoma. […] Immediate postoperative conformal radiation therapy is recommended for the treatment of childhood ependymoma on the basis of the following criteria: Maximal resection of the primary tumor, including second resection to achieve gross total resection. […] Patient older than 12 months at the time of irradiation. […] Presence of an experienced radiation oncologist who specializes in the treatment of brain tumors in pediatric patients and a radiation therapy department equipped to administer conformal radiation therapy to children who require general anesthesia.

• #40 Ependymoma: Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23147-ependymoma

  Your healthcare provider will treat an ependymoma with: […] Surgery is the most common ependymoma treatment. A surgeon will remove as much of the tumor as possible. […] Radiation therapy uses powerful X-rays to destroy tumor cells. You might need radiation before and/or after surgery. […] Chemo is medication that kills cancer cells. You’ll usually only need chemo if the tumor has spread to other areas of your body. This is very rare with ependymomas. […] Immunotherapy is a rare treatment for an ependymoma. […] Ependymomas are tumors that grow in your brain or spinal cord. There are lots of grades and types, but the good news is they’re all treatable. Many people successfully have surgery to remove an ependymoma with no long-term effects. […] Your provider will help you understand everything you need to know about the ependymoma and which treatments you’ll need. Don’t hesitate to ask them any questions you think of. There’s no such thing as a silly question when it comes to your health or body.

• #41 Current Management of Childhood Ependymoma

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/current-management-childhood-ependymoma

  Radiation therapy has long been a mainstay in the treatment of ependymoma. […] However, with the advent of conformal radiation and evidence supporting its use in younger children (ie, 3 years old), the standard of care for childhood ependymoma is rapidly evolving to include immediate postoperative radiation therapy for all pediatric patients. […] The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of ependymoma has diminished recently because (1) chemotherapy fails to delay radiation therapy for a meaningful period of time; (2) tumors that progress during chemotherapy do not respond as well to subsequent irradiation; and (3) the combination of chemotherapy and irradiation does not improve overall survival. […] However, chemotherapy may make residual tumor more amenable to a second resection. […] Because the extent of resection is one of the most important prognostic factors in the treatment of this disease, increasing the rate of complete resections is a significant means of increasing long-term survival.

• #42 Ependymoma | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/ependymoma?content_id=CON-20117720

  Surgery is the primary treatment for ependymoma. For tumors that are growing quickly or for tumors that can’t be removed completely with surgery, additional treatments may be recommended. These may include radiation therapy, radiosurgery, chemotherapy or targeted therapy. […] If the entire tumor is removed during surgery, additional treatment may not be needed. If some tumor remains, the neurosurgeon may recommend another operation to try to remove the rest of the tumor. Additional treatments, such as radiation therapy, may be recommended for cancerous tumors or if all of the tumor can’t be removed. […] Radiation therapy may be recommended after surgery to help prevent cancerous tumors from coming back. It also may be recommended if neurosurgeons weren’t able to remove the tumor completely. […] Chemotherapy isn’t often used to treat ependymoma. It might be an option in certain situations, such as when the tumor grows back despite surgery and radiation. […] Targeted therapy might be an option to treat an ependymoma that comes back after treatment.

• #43 Ependymoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/brain-and-spinal-cord-childhood/treatment/ependymoma

  Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays or particles to destroy cancer cells. Radiation therapy is usually given after surgery to prevent cancer from coming back (recurring). The entire brain and spinal cord may be treated with low-dose radiation (called craniospinal radiation). In some cases of myxopapillary ependymoma (grade 2), radiation therapy may not be needed after surgery. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells. It is not usually effective alone against ependymomas, so it is used in combination with radiation therapy. It may also be used to delay radiation therapy in certain cases, such as when the child is younger than 3 years of age. Chemotherapy may also be given after surgery to shrink any tumour left behind and increase the possibility of being able to remove the tumour in second-look surgery.

• #44 Spinal Cord Ependymoma in the Prime of Life

  https://www.onclive.com/view/spinal-cord-ependymoma-in-the-prime-of-life

  Erik was put back on intravenous (IV) bevacizumab (every 2 weeks), and a carboplatin (Paraplatin) infusion was added every 4 weeks. […] Because ependymoma is not especially chemotherapy-sensitive, and residual malignant cells are likely after resection, tumor resection followed by radiotherapy is considered the most effective treatment for preventing recurrence. […] Burkhardt Center nurse clinician Mary Murphy, RN, BSN, notes that Erik tolerated the bevacizumab relatively well, and didn’t develop serious adverse effects (eg, brain hemorrhage, unilateral lower-extremity thrombi) despite his increased risk for clotting due to being nonambulatory. […] We watch carefully for signs of brain hemorrhage, such as garbled speech and other cognitive deficits, says Murphy, and monitor the lower extremities for swelling, redness, and pain.

• #45 Ependymoma | Neurology & Neurosurgery | Loyola Medicine

  https://www.loyolamedicine.org/services/neurology-and-neurosurgery/conditions/brain-tumors/ependymoma

  Ependymoma is a type of cancer that can develop in the spinal cord or various areas in the brain. It commonly develops along the pathways that carry cerebrospinal fluid throughout the brain, especially the fourth ventricle, which carries this fluid to the brain stem and cerebellum. […] For treatment, you will be referred to a neurological surgery/cancer unit to see if the tumor can be removed. A neurosurgeon will try to remove as much of the ependymoma as possible, as leaving any behind could allow the cancer to return or spread. […] Sometimes full removal is not possible, however, such as when the tumor is located too close to sensitive brain structures. If this is the case, surgery may be paired with one or more of the following to further shrink and kill the tumor: […] Chemotherapy, which involves taking drugs that kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy is needed in rare cases. No clear chemotherapy agents have been defined to treat ependymoma. […] Radiation therapy, which uses targeted energy beams to kill cancer cells. […] Radiosurgery, which is like radiation therapy, but lets surgeons get even more precise results.

• #46 Ependymoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/277621-treatment

  The extent of tumor resection is the most important prognostic factor associated with long-term survival for patients with nonmalignant forms of ependymoma, regardless of location. Thus, a gross total resection (GTR) is optimal. The feasibility and extent of the resection will vary with the location of the tumor and the clinical characteristics of the patient. […] Though surgical treatment is the primary treatment for ependymoma, medical management also plays a role. General medical management may include steroids for treatment of peritumoral edema and anticonvulsants. In the case of incomplete tumor resection or recurrence, radiation is central to medical management. […] A team of specialists including a neurologist, neurosurgeon, neurooncologist, and radiation oncologist should evaluate patients with ependymomas to develop a coordinated treatment strategy.

• #47 Ependymoma | Brain Tumor Center | Stanford Medicine

  https://med.stanford.edu/brain-tumor/conditions/glioma/ependymoma.html

  Ependymoma is a rare type of primary brain or spinal cord tumor that can occur in children and adults. […] Surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the primary treatment options. […] A cure has not yet been identified for ependymoma. Surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the primary treatment options. The location, size, and subtype of ependymomas determine which combination of treatments is best. […] Treatment also includes managing symptoms caused by the ependymoma. […] People who experience seizures are treated with an antiseizure drug, such as levetiracetam. […] Glucocorticoids (steroids) can improve headaches and neurologic deficits caused by cerebral edema. […] Treatment options for ependymoma have expanded in recent years. […] Ongoing research is needed to improve our understanding of brain tumors and develop more effective therapies.

• #48 Ependymoma Diagnosis & Treatment – NYC | Columbia Neurosurgery in New York City

  https://www.neurosurgery.columbia.edu/patient-care/conditions/ependymoma

  The outcome of surgery largely depends on the extent of tumor resection. Complete resection is the goal, but sometimes the tumor is attached to, or too near, critical structures, making complete resection impossible. Instead, subtotal resection is performed. Our neurosurgeons remove as much tumor as possible while also preserving nearby structures and overall function. […] Resecting the tumor may resolve hydrocephalus. Otherwise, a neurosurgeon can insert a shunt to divert the cerebrospinal fluid, restoring normal intracranial pressure and relieving symptoms. […] Adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy is used to treat residual tumor and tumor recurrence. However, physicians avoid radiotherapy in children younger than three years old because of the risk of negative effects on the developing brain. Instead, chemotherapy may be used for these young children and then radiotherapy used once they are older. […] Radiotherapy can be administered in a variety of ways, one of which is stereotactic radiosurgerya noninvasive, highly precise means of delivering radiation to tumor cells.

• #49 Ependymoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538244/

  Ependymomas are glial cell tumors that commonly arise in the lining cells of the ventricular system, and less commonly outside the central nervous system (CNS), or within the brain parenchyma. This activity reviews the pathophysiology and presentation of ependymoma and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in their management. […] Outline the importance of improving care coordination among interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients affected by ependymoma. […] The mainstay of treatment for ependymoma includes an interprofessional approach that may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. […] Palliative care may be necessary for patients at end-of-life. […] Those who undergo surgery may also develop a number of neurological deficits. These individuals may require physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy. In many cases, the neurological deficits are permanent.

• #50 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to provide care for patients with brain tumor. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals with brain tumor. […] Nursing care planning goals for a patient with a brain tumor center on relieving pain, reducing anxiety, and promoting an understanding of the signs and symptoms of increased ICP and expected changes in body appearance related to the planned cranial surgery. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with brain tumors: Assess neurological status, Manage symptoms and provide comfort, Monitor for complications and changes in condition, Provide education and support to patients and their families, Promote self-care and independence, Provide palliative care, if needed.

• #51 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to provide care for patients with brain tumor. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals with brain tumor. […] Nursing care planning goals for a patient with a brain tumor center on relieving pain, reducing anxiety, and promoting an understanding of the signs and symptoms of increased ICP and expected changes in body appearance related to the planned cranial surgery. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with brain tumors: Assess neurological status, Manage symptoms and provide comfort, Monitor for complications and changes in condition, Provide education and support to patients and their families, Promote self-care and independence, Provide palliative care, if needed.

• #52 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to provide care for patients with brain tumor. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals with brain tumor. […] Nursing care planning goals for a patient with a brain tumor center on relieving pain, reducing anxiety, and promoting an understanding of the signs and symptoms of increased ICP and expected changes in body appearance related to the planned cranial surgery. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with brain tumors: Assess neurological status, Manage symptoms and provide comfort, Monitor for complications and changes in condition, Provide education and support to patients and their families, Promote self-care and independence, Provide palliative care, if needed.

• #53 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Following a thorough assessment, a nursing diagnosis is formulated to specifically address the challenges associated with brain tumors based on the nurses clinical judgement and understanding of the patients unique health condition. […] Goals and expected outcomes may include: The child will rate pain as less than (specify pain rating and scale used), The parent will verbalize reduced anxiety, The child will appear relaxed, with an absence of crying or irritability, The child will not exhibit signs of increased intracranial pressure and will participate in teaching about treatment options. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with brain tumors may include: Managing Pain, Reducing Anxiety and Fear, Promoting Safety and Preventing Injury Risk. […] Patients with brain tumors may experience pain due to the compression of sensitive structures, increased pressure within the skull, and the invasion of nerve pathways.

• #54 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Following a thorough assessment, a nursing diagnosis is formulated to specifically address the challenges associated with brain tumors based on the nurses clinical judgement and understanding of the patients unique health condition. […] Goals and expected outcomes may include: The child will rate pain as less than (specify pain rating and scale used), The parent will verbalize reduced anxiety, The child will appear relaxed, with an absence of crying or irritability, The child will not exhibit signs of increased intracranial pressure and will participate in teaching about treatment options. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with brain tumors may include: Managing Pain, Reducing Anxiety and Fear, Promoting Safety and Preventing Injury Risk. […] Patients with brain tumors may experience pain due to the compression of sensitive structures, increased pressure within the skull, and the invasion of nerve pathways.

• #55 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Patients with a brain tumor may experience anxiety due to uncertainty about prognosis, fear of the unknown, concerns about the tumors impact on their daily life, and changes in cognitive function or personality caused by the tumor or treatment. […] Patients with brain tumors are prone to injury due to several factors, such as impaired cognition, altered sensory perception, and motor deficits. These can lead to falls, seizures, and other accidents. Safety and injury prevention for patients with brain tumors involves implementing measures to minimize the risk of falls and ensuring a safe environment.

• #56 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Patients with a brain tumor may experience anxiety due to uncertainty about prognosis, fear of the unknown, concerns about the tumors impact on their daily life, and changes in cognitive function or personality caused by the tumor or treatment. […] Patients with brain tumors are prone to injury due to several factors, such as impaired cognition, altered sensory perception, and motor deficits. These can lead to falls, seizures, and other accidents. Safety and injury prevention for patients with brain tumors involves implementing measures to minimize the risk of falls and ensuring a safe environment.

• #57 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Patients with a brain tumor may experience anxiety due to uncertainty about prognosis, fear of the unknown, concerns about the tumors impact on their daily life, and changes in cognitive function or personality caused by the tumor or treatment. […] Patients with brain tumors are prone to injury due to several factors, such as impaired cognition, altered sensory perception, and motor deficits. These can lead to falls, seizures, and other accidents. Safety and injury prevention for patients with brain tumors involves implementing measures to minimize the risk of falls and ensuring a safe environment.

• #58 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Patients with a brain tumor may experience anxiety due to uncertainty about prognosis, fear of the unknown, concerns about the tumors impact on their daily life, and changes in cognitive function or personality caused by the tumor or treatment. […] Patients with brain tumors are prone to injury due to several factors, such as impaired cognition, altered sensory perception, and motor deficits. These can lead to falls, seizures, and other accidents. Safety and injury prevention for patients with brain tumors involves implementing measures to minimize the risk of falls and ensuring a safe environment.

• #59 Ependymoma Surgery | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/ependymoma/treatment/surgery

  Surgery is typically the first line of treatment for ependymomas. Safe and complete tumor removal is the primary goal. […] After surgery, the patient will be closely monitored for pain and any neurological deficits, such as weakness, numbness, or changes in cognitive function. In addition, patients may have difficulty eating and drinking because of nausea or swallowing difficulties after the surgery. Nutritional support, such as enteral feeding or intravenous fluids, may be necessary to ensure that the patient receives adequate nutrition. […] Complications from surgery for ependymoma are rare but include bleeding, infection, and neurological deficits from damage to surrounding tissue or structures. Physical rehabilitation may be required to help regain lost functions. […] The recovery outlook differs from patient to patient. After treatment, some patients may experience fatigue and cognitive changes, such as difficulty with memory, concentration, speech, pain at the surgical site, or neurological deficits such as weakness or numbness.

• #60 Ependymoma Surgery | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/ependymoma/treatment/surgery

  Surgery is typically the first line of treatment for ependymomas. Safe and complete tumor removal is the primary goal. […] After surgery, the patient will be closely monitored for pain and any neurological deficits, such as weakness, numbness, or changes in cognitive function. In addition, patients may have difficulty eating and drinking because of nausea or swallowing difficulties after the surgery. Nutritional support, such as enteral feeding or intravenous fluids, may be necessary to ensure that the patient receives adequate nutrition. […] Complications from surgery for ependymoma are rare but include bleeding, infection, and neurological deficits from damage to surrounding tissue or structures. Physical rehabilitation may be required to help regain lost functions. […] The recovery outlook differs from patient to patient. After treatment, some patients may experience fatigue and cognitive changes, such as difficulty with memory, concentration, speech, pain at the surgical site, or neurological deficits such as weakness or numbness.

• #61 Spinal Cord Ependymoma in the Prime of Life

  https://www.onclive.com/view/spinal-cord-ependymoma-in-the-prime-of-life

  Erik was put back on intravenous (IV) bevacizumab (every 2 weeks), and a carboplatin (Paraplatin) infusion was added every 4 weeks. […] Because ependymoma is not especially chemotherapy-sensitive, and residual malignant cells are likely after resection, tumor resection followed by radiotherapy is considered the most effective treatment for preventing recurrence. […] Burkhardt Center nurse clinician Mary Murphy, RN, BSN, notes that Erik tolerated the bevacizumab relatively well, and didn’t develop serious adverse effects (eg, brain hemorrhage, unilateral lower-extremity thrombi) despite his increased risk for clotting due to being nonambulatory. […] We watch carefully for signs of brain hemorrhage, such as garbled speech and other cognitive deficits, says Murphy, and monitor the lower extremities for swelling, redness, and pain.

• #62 Spinal Cord Ependymoma in the Prime of Life

  https://www.onclive.com/view/spinal-cord-ependymoma-in-the-prime-of-life

  Erik was put back on intravenous (IV) bevacizumab (every 2 weeks), and a carboplatin (Paraplatin) infusion was added every 4 weeks. […] Because ependymoma is not especially chemotherapy-sensitive, and residual malignant cells are likely after resection, tumor resection followed by radiotherapy is considered the most effective treatment for preventing recurrence. […] Burkhardt Center nurse clinician Mary Murphy, RN, BSN, notes that Erik tolerated the bevacizumab relatively well, and didn’t develop serious adverse effects (eg, brain hemorrhage, unilateral lower-extremity thrombi) despite his increased risk for clotting due to being nonambulatory. […] We watch carefully for signs of brain hemorrhage, such as garbled speech and other cognitive deficits, says Murphy, and monitor the lower extremities for swelling, redness, and pain.

• #63 Living With Ependymoma | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/ependymoma/survival/living-with-ependymoma

  Ependymoma is a rare type of tumor that develops in the lining of the ventricles in the brain and central canal of the spinal cord. […] Living with ependymoma can be challenging, and patients may experience a range of symptoms depending on the location and size of the tumor. […] To effectively manage ependymoma, patients need to take an active role in their healthcare management. It is important to learn about the condition and what to expect during and after treatment. […] Maintaining a healthy lifestyle by eating a nutritious diet and engaging in regular exercise can help to improve overall well-being, boost energy levels, and support recovery during and after ependymoma treatment. […] Other helpful measures to manage symptoms include staying hydrated, getting enough sleep, and maintaining a positive attitude. Patients with ependymoma should also follow their doctors care and symptom management instructions to prevent the recurrence of the tumors.

• #64 Ependymoma Education & Treatment | CERN Foundation

  https://www.cern-foundation.org/education

  Ependymoma information for patients and caregivers including treatment options, symptoms, causes, caring for yourself or your loved one and more. […] Ways you can help care for yourself or a loved one during and after ependymoma treatment. […] Addressing symptom management issues that are common for people living with ependymoma. […] This free guide provides you with the basic facts surrounding ependymoma, diagnosis and treatment.

• #65 Living With Ependymoma | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/ependymoma/survival/living-with-ependymoma

  Ependymoma is a rare type of tumor that develops in the lining of the ventricles in the brain and central canal of the spinal cord. […] Living with ependymoma can be challenging, and patients may experience a range of symptoms depending on the location and size of the tumor. […] To effectively manage ependymoma, patients need to take an active role in their healthcare management. It is important to learn about the condition and what to expect during and after treatment. […] Maintaining a healthy lifestyle by eating a nutritious diet and engaging in regular exercise can help to improve overall well-being, boost energy levels, and support recovery during and after ependymoma treatment. […] Other helpful measures to manage symptoms include staying hydrated, getting enough sleep, and maintaining a positive attitude. Patients with ependymoma should also follow their doctors care and symptom management instructions to prevent the recurrence of the tumors.

• #66 Ependymoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538244/

  Ependymomas are glial cell tumors that commonly arise in the lining cells of the ventricular system, and less commonly outside the central nervous system (CNS), or within the brain parenchyma. This activity reviews the pathophysiology and presentation of ependymoma and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in their management. […] Outline the importance of improving care coordination among interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients affected by ependymoma. […] The mainstay of treatment for ependymoma includes an interprofessional approach that may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. […] Palliative care may be necessary for patients at end-of-life. […] Those who undergo surgery may also develop a number of neurological deficits. These individuals may require physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy. In many cases, the neurological deficits are permanent.

• #67 Ependymomas (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ependymoma.html

  An ependymoma (ep-en-deh-MO-muh) is a group of abnormal cells (a tumor) that forms in the brain or spinal cord. Most ependymomas are treated with surgery and radiation therapy. Some children may also have chemotherapy (chemo). […] Treatment for an ependymoma usually starts with surgery to remove the tumor as well as radiation therapy. Some children may also have chemo. […] After finishing treatment, kids will need regular follow-up so doctors can see how theyre doing. Because an ependymoma can come back, kids will need an MRI several times a year for the first few years, then less often. This helps doctors find any problems early so they can work with families to make a treatment plan. […] A team of specialists works together to care for a child with an ependymoma. They may include: a pediatric neuro-oncologist (a doctor who treats cancers of the brain or spine), a pediatric neurologist (a doctor who treats nervous system problems), a pediatric neurosurgeon (a surgeon who operates on the brain or spine), a pediatric radiation oncologist (a specialist who gives radiation therapy), pediatric rehabilitation medicine specialists, including speech therapists, physical therapists, and occupational therapists, pediatric psychologists and social workers. […] If your child has an ependymoma, it can help to find support from members of the care team, friends and family, and other parents whove gone through the same thing.

• #68 Treating Ependymomas

  https://childrens.uvahealth.com/services/pediatric-cancer/ependymoma

  Removing the ependymoma is the best option. At UVA Health Children’s, an experienced brain surgeon (neurosurgeon) will take out as much of the tumor as possible. In many cases, we’re able to get the entire tumor. […] Sometimes, the entire tumor can’t be removed. Or tests show that it’s an aggressive type of cancer. In these cases, your child may need radiation or chemotherapy. Your child can do those treatments here, or we can work with a local medical provider that can provide those treatments close to home. We may even be able to help your child complete chemo at home. […] It’s recommended that all children with brain cancer have lifelong follow-up care. […] In general, we’ll recommend that your child to take things easy for a month or 2. Depending on where the tumor is, we may recommend a physical therapist, occupational therapist, or speech therapist. […] Even after the ependymoma is removed, many families deal with stress and need help coping. Learn more about the many support communities available.

• #69 Ependymoma in Childhood | Norton Children’s

  https://nortonchildrens.com/services/cancer/conditions/ependymoma/

  If your child has just been diagnosed, we offer same-day and next business day appointments for urgent referrals. Each child’s case is reviewed by a board of specialists who discuss possible treatment plans, so the patient benefits from a broad array of expertise, experience, training and research. Neurologists, oncologists and other specialists see patients at the same location, making travel easier for families because appointments are scheduled for the same day. Board-certified and fellowship-trained specialists at the forefront of new treatment advances work to attack tumors while protecting healthy brain and spinal tissue. Support groups, social workers, psychiatrists, school liaison specialists and child life specialists identify and address the needs of patients and their families during and after medical treatment. Integrated rehabilitation by physical and occupational therapists begins as early as possible during treatment to give patients the greatest benefit.

• #70 caret_down icon

  https://www.spectrumhealth.org/services/neurosciences/brain-and-spine-tumors/ependymoma-tumors

  Being told you have a tumor in your spine, like an ependymoma tumor, is hard to grasp. We provide supportive care and education to you and your caregivers. […] Our main goal is to remove the entire tumor. If surgery cant get all of it, well add in other treatments to go after remaining cancer cells. […] Our physical therapy and rehabilitation experts don’t just work on improving your physical function. We understand that neurological connections with your brain and your nerves affect your physical, cognitive and emotional health. Our holistic approach brings you greater success. […] Surgery removes the tumor, or as much of it as possible. Tumors are often tangled or wrapped around nearby tissue or nerves, making it impossible to completely remove it.

• #71 Ependymoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/277621-treatment

  No restrictions of diet are required for patients with ependymomas. […] No universal restrictions on activity are required for patients with ependymomas. Patients’ activity depends on their overall neurological status. […] Long-term monitoring of ependymoma patients with periodic brain/spine MRI is recommended following gross total resection. Current NCCN recommendations specify tumor site MRI once every 3-4 months during the first year following resection, then every 4-6 months during the second year, and every 6-12 months for 5-10 years. […] Following recurrence, repeat resection is recommended if possible. Depending on the extent of this resection, either system or craniospinal radiation therapy is recommended.

• #72 Ependymoma in Children and Teens – Together by St. Jude™

  https://together.stjude.org/en-us/conditions/cancers/ependymoma.html

  Ependymoma can come back after treatment. Children often need long-term care to watch for this. […] Palliative care and support services such as rehabilitation, psychology, and social work can help ependymoma patients and families manage symptoms, promote quality of life, and make care decisions. Talk to your care team about what problems to expect and ways to help manage them. […] Patients need ongoing follow-up care, lab tests, and routine imaging to watch for disease recurrence and other medical problems. The care team will set a schedule based on the tumor type, response to treatment, and individual patient needs. […] Survivors are at risk for problems such as decreased cognitive function, hearing loss, sleep problems, hormone problems, stroke, and second cancers. These problems may be caused by the tumor or they may be long-term or late effects related to treatment. Regular checkups and screenings by a primary care physician are important to watch for health problems that can develop years after treatment ends.

• #73 Ependymoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/277621-treatment

  No restrictions of diet are required for patients with ependymomas. […] No universal restrictions on activity are required for patients with ependymomas. Patients’ activity depends on their overall neurological status. […] Long-term monitoring of ependymoma patients with periodic brain/spine MRI is recommended following gross total resection. Current NCCN recommendations specify tumor site MRI once every 3-4 months during the first year following resection, then every 4-6 months during the second year, and every 6-12 months for 5-10 years. […] Following recurrence, repeat resection is recommended if possible. Depending on the extent of this resection, either system or craniospinal radiation therapy is recommended.

• #74 Ependymoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/277621-treatment

  No restrictions of diet are required for patients with ependymomas. […] No universal restrictions on activity are required for patients with ependymomas. Patients’ activity depends on their overall neurological status. […] Long-term monitoring of ependymoma patients with periodic brain/spine MRI is recommended following gross total resection. Current NCCN recommendations specify tumor site MRI once every 3-4 months during the first year following resection, then every 4-6 months during the second year, and every 6-12 months for 5-10 years. […] Following recurrence, repeat resection is recommended if possible. Depending on the extent of this resection, either system or craniospinal radiation therapy is recommended.

• #75 Ependymoma

  http://healthlibrary.chnola.org/Search/3,90327

  Treatment depends on the patient’s age, what type of tumor it is and where it is. The main treatment is surgery. This is done to remove as much of the tumor as possible. […] You will be watched closely after treatment. Sometimes, ependymomas come back (recur) after treatment. Your provider will watch for this, as well as long-term treatment side effects.

• #76 Ependymoma in Children and Teens – Together by St. Jude™

  https://together.stjude.org/en-us/conditions/cancers/ependymoma.html

  Ependymoma can come back after treatment. Children often need long-term care to watch for this. […] Palliative care and support services such as rehabilitation, psychology, and social work can help ependymoma patients and families manage symptoms, promote quality of life, and make care decisions. Talk to your care team about what problems to expect and ways to help manage them. […] Patients need ongoing follow-up care, lab tests, and routine imaging to watch for disease recurrence and other medical problems. The care team will set a schedule based on the tumor type, response to treatment, and individual patient needs. […] Survivors are at risk for problems such as decreased cognitive function, hearing loss, sleep problems, hormone problems, stroke, and second cancers. These problems may be caused by the tumor or they may be long-term or late effects related to treatment. Regular checkups and screenings by a primary care physician are important to watch for health problems that can develop years after treatment ends.

• #77 Ependymoma in Children and Teens – Together by St. Jude™

  https://together.stjude.org/en-us/conditions/cancers/ependymoma.html

  Ependymoma can come back after treatment. Children often need long-term care to watch for this. […] Palliative care and support services such as rehabilitation, psychology, and social work can help ependymoma patients and families manage symptoms, promote quality of life, and make care decisions. Talk to your care team about what problems to expect and ways to help manage them. […] Patients need ongoing follow-up care, lab tests, and routine imaging to watch for disease recurrence and other medical problems. The care team will set a schedule based on the tumor type, response to treatment, and individual patient needs. […] Survivors are at risk for problems such as decreased cognitive function, hearing loss, sleep problems, hormone problems, stroke, and second cancers. These problems may be caused by the tumor or they may be long-term or late effects related to treatment. Regular checkups and screenings by a primary care physician are important to watch for health problems that can develop years after treatment ends.

• #78 Ependymoma in Children and Teens – Together by St. Jude™

  https://together.stjude.org/en-us/conditions/cancers/ependymoma.html

  Ependymoma can come back after treatment. Children often need long-term care to watch for this. […] Palliative care and support services such as rehabilitation, psychology, and social work can help ependymoma patients and families manage symptoms, promote quality of life, and make care decisions. Talk to your care team about what problems to expect and ways to help manage them. […] Patients need ongoing follow-up care, lab tests, and routine imaging to watch for disease recurrence and other medical problems. The care team will set a schedule based on the tumor type, response to treatment, and individual patient needs. […] Survivors are at risk for problems such as decreased cognitive function, hearing loss, sleep problems, hormone problems, stroke, and second cancers. These problems may be caused by the tumor or they may be long-term or late effects related to treatment. Regular checkups and screenings by a primary care physician are important to watch for health problems that can develop years after treatment ends.

• #79 Ependymoma in Children and Teens – Together by St. Jude™

  https://together.stjude.org/en-us/conditions/cancers/ependymoma.html

  Ependymoma can come back after treatment. Children often need long-term care to watch for this. […] Palliative care and support services such as rehabilitation, psychology, and social work can help ependymoma patients and families manage symptoms, promote quality of life, and make care decisions. Talk to your care team about what problems to expect and ways to help manage them. […] Patients need ongoing follow-up care, lab tests, and routine imaging to watch for disease recurrence and other medical problems. The care team will set a schedule based on the tumor type, response to treatment, and individual patient needs. […] Survivors are at risk for problems such as decreased cognitive function, hearing loss, sleep problems, hormone problems, stroke, and second cancers. These problems may be caused by the tumor or they may be long-term or late effects related to treatment. Regular checkups and screenings by a primary care physician are important to watch for health problems that can develop years after treatment ends.

• #80 Ependymoma | Brain and spinal cord tumours | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/brain-tumours/types/ependymoma

  Surgery is the main treatment for ependymomas. You may also have radiotherapy and chemotherapy. […] The exact type of surgery you have depends on where the tumour is. A highly specialist doctor (neurosurgeon) removes as much of the tumour as possible. […] Radiotherapy uses high energy x-rays to destroy abnormal cells. You might have radiotherapy after surgery to reduce the risk of the tumour coming back. […] You have regular appointments with your doctor or nurse after treatment finishes. Your doctor examines you at each appointment. They ask how you are feeling, whether you have had any symptoms or side effects, and if you are worried about anything. […] Coping with a diagnosis of a brain tumour can be difficult, both practically and emotionally. It can be especially difficult when you have a high grade tumour. Being well informed about the type of tumour you have, and its treatment can make it easier to cope.

• #81 Ependymoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ependymoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20580744

  Surgery is the primary treatment for ependymoma. For tumors that are growing quickly or for tumors that can’t be removed completely with surgery, additional treatments may be recommended. These may include radiation therapy, radiosurgery, chemotherapy or targeted therapy. […] Make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have any symptoms that worry you. […] Connect with others like you for support and answers to your questions in the Adolescent Young Adult (AYA) Cancer support group on Mayo Clinic Connect, a patient community.

• #82 Treating Ependymomas

  https://childrens.uvahealth.com/services/pediatric-cancer/ependymoma

  Removing the ependymoma is the best option. At UVA Health Children’s, an experienced brain surgeon (neurosurgeon) will take out as much of the tumor as possible. In many cases, we’re able to get the entire tumor. […] Sometimes, the entire tumor can’t be removed. Or tests show that it’s an aggressive type of cancer. In these cases, your child may need radiation or chemotherapy. Your child can do those treatments here, or we can work with a local medical provider that can provide those treatments close to home. We may even be able to help your child complete chemo at home. […] It’s recommended that all children with brain cancer have lifelong follow-up care. […] In general, we’ll recommend that your child to take things easy for a month or 2. Depending on where the tumor is, we may recommend a physical therapist, occupational therapist, or speech therapist. […] Even after the ependymoma is removed, many families deal with stress and need help coping. Learn more about the many support communities available.

• #83 Collaborative Ependymoma Research Network (CERN)

  https://braintumor.org/research/initiatives/collaborative-ependymoma-research-network/

  The Collaborative Ependymoma Research Network (CERN) Foundation, a designated program of the National Brain Tumor Society, works to advance ependymoma research toward the development of new and better treatments for this rare brain and spinal cord tumor that impacts both adults and children. CERN is committed to improving the care and outcome of people with ependymoma through community support and research efforts. […] With your generous support, we will continue to expand our efforts to improve the care and outcome of people with ependymoma. […] Today, the CERN Foundation continues to advance ependymoma research by supporting scientific fellowships, clinical trials, sponsoring professional conferences and symposia, and investigating risk factors for the disease. We strive to bring awareness to the rare disease and improve the outcome and care of patients through education, referral support, and supported research efforts. […] The CERN Foundation is currently engaged in a range of community outreach programs and support efforts designed to have a positive impact on the lives of children and adults living with ependymoma, as well as their families and caregivers.

• #84 Ependymoma | Brain Tumor Center | Stanford Medicine

  https://med.stanford.edu/brain-tumor/conditions/glioma/ependymoma.html

  Ependymoma is a rare type of primary brain or spinal cord tumor that can occur in children and adults. […] Surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the primary treatment options. […] A cure has not yet been identified for ependymoma. Surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the primary treatment options. The location, size, and subtype of ependymomas determine which combination of treatments is best. […] Treatment also includes managing symptoms caused by the ependymoma. […] People who experience seizures are treated with an antiseizure drug, such as levetiracetam. […] Glucocorticoids (steroids) can improve headaches and neurologic deficits caused by cerebral edema. […] Treatment options for ependymoma have expanded in recent years. […] Ongoing research is needed to improve our understanding of brain tumors and develop more effective therapies.

• #85 Fred Hutch–led team receives $6M to study deadly brain tumor | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

  https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/center-news/2019/10/holland-ependymoma-grant.html

  Ependymomas are brain tumors that arise from glial cells, which surround neurons and help support their function. […] There’s currently no tailored treatment for people with ependymomas, who are all treated with some combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. […] In general, a patient’s prognosis varies by the location of their tumor, their age and their tumor stage, but about 65% of adult patients and 60% of pediatric patients survive five years past diagnosis. […] Together they will seek novel therapeutic targets for supratentorial ependymomas by working to understand how the fusion protein promotes tumor development and progression, and how it could potentially be targeted. […] The team will also seek potential new drugs that inhibit the RelA-C11orf95 fusion protein or other proteins it regulates in its role as a tumor promoter.

• #86 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20250123/New-approach-to-treating-ependymoma-with-leukemia-drug.aspx

  Ependymoma (EPN) is a common form of brain cancer in children, with few available therapies that have limited efficacy. […] Managing patients with different stages of EPN remains challenging. Surgical resection and radiation therapy are the standard treatments for EPN. However, not all EPNs can be safely resected, especially those that develop intracranially, and irradiation may cause long-term toxicities. […] Thus, new and more effective treatments for EPN are urgently needed. […] Our findings support the clinical evaluation of dasatinib in patients suffering from EPN of this molecular subgroup. […] Treatment with dasatinib reprogrammed the EPN immune microenvironment by polarizing the TAMs toward an anti-tumor phenotype and increased the activation of effector CD8 T lymphocytes that kill cancer cells. […] These data indicate that dasatinib is an effective therapy for EPHB2-driven molecular subgroup of EPN and works in part by activating the anti-tumor immune responses. […] Our findings support the clinical evaluation of dasatinib in patients suffering from EPN of this molecular subgroup.

• #87 A Breakthrough in Recurrent Ependymoma | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/advances-answers/recent-articles/recurrent-pfa-ependymoma/

  This study provides actionable insights, both clinical and preclinical, into the biology of PFA ependymoma recurrence. […] Given the high prevalence of 1q+/6q- at recurrence and the link to decreased survival, study authors emphasized the need for routine testing for high-risk patients with PFA at presentation and at recurrence in clinical care for 1q+/6q CNVs, and for including this consideration in clinical trial stratification. […] These findings are a gateway to the development of much needed experimental therapies for patients that target the underlying biology of this highly aggressive type of ependymoma.

• #88 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20250123/New-approach-to-treating-ependymoma-with-leukemia-drug.aspx

  Ependymoma (EPN) is a common form of brain cancer in children, with few available therapies that have limited efficacy. […] Managing patients with different stages of EPN remains challenging. Surgical resection and radiation therapy are the standard treatments for EPN. However, not all EPNs can be safely resected, especially those that develop intracranially, and irradiation may cause long-term toxicities. […] Thus, new and more effective treatments for EPN are urgently needed. […] Our findings support the clinical evaluation of dasatinib in patients suffering from EPN of this molecular subgroup. […] Treatment with dasatinib reprogrammed the EPN immune microenvironment by polarizing the TAMs toward an anti-tumor phenotype and increased the activation of effector CD8 T lymphocytes that kill cancer cells. […] These data indicate that dasatinib is an effective therapy for EPHB2-driven molecular subgroup of EPN and works in part by activating the anti-tumor immune responses. […] Our findings support the clinical evaluation of dasatinib in patients suffering from EPN of this molecular subgroup.

• #89 A Breakthrough in Recurrent Ependymoma | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/advances-answers/recent-articles/recurrent-pfa-ependymoma/

  This study provides actionable insights, both clinical and preclinical, into the biology of PFA ependymoma recurrence. […] Given the high prevalence of 1q+/6q- at recurrence and the link to decreased survival, study authors emphasized the need for routine testing for high-risk patients with PFA at presentation and at recurrence in clinical care for 1q+/6q CNVs, and for including this consideration in clinical trial stratification. […] These findings are a gateway to the development of much needed experimental therapies for patients that target the underlying biology of this highly aggressive type of ependymoma.

• #90 Ependymoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538244/

  Ependymomas are glial cell tumors that commonly arise in the lining cells of the ventricular system, and less commonly outside the central nervous system (CNS), or within the brain parenchyma. This activity reviews the pathophysiology and presentation of ependymoma and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in their management. […] Outline the importance of improving care coordination among interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients affected by ependymoma. […] The mainstay of treatment for ependymoma includes an interprofessional approach that may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. […] Palliative care may be necessary for patients at end-of-life. […] Those who undergo surgery may also develop a number of neurological deficits. These individuals may require physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy. In many cases, the neurological deficits are permanent.

• #91 Ependymoma | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/ependymoma

  Ependymomas are a type of tumor that form in the brain or spinal cord as a result of abnormal growth of ependymal cells. […] Nationwide Children’s Hospital offers a team of experts focused on the care of children with an Ependymoma. […] Were all about coordinated care. Together, these experts dedicate their lives to a single mission: finding the solutions to treat brain tumors in children and teens. […] The best treatment for ependymoma is to surgically remove as much of the tumor as possible. Treatment then will be individualized based on your child’s age, the location of the tumor, the grade (how aggressive the tumor appears under the microscope), and whether the tumor has spread (metastasized). […] Speak with your child’s doctor about what you should watch for and what can be done to help prevent complications.

• #92 Current Management of Childhood Ependymoma

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/current-management-childhood-ependymoma

  By incorporating current concepts of ependymoma, a more uniform approach to the treatment of this disease can be developed. […] In addition, by combining the best available means of detecting and managing side effects, the future for pediatric patients with ependymoma remains optimistic. […] This review presents historical and current practices used to treat ependymoma, and is intended to provide an information framework for caregivers so that they can assist parents in the decision-making process. […] The standard of care for ependymoma is maximal surgical resection with an acceptable neurologic outcome followed by postoperative radiation therapy directed at the site of the primary tumor. […] Immediate postoperative irradiation is not a widely accepted practice in the treatment of children younger than age 3; multiagent chemotherapy has typically been administered in an effort to delay or avoid irradiation.

• #93 Pediatric Ependymoma: Disease Spectrum and Outcomes of Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in LMIC – OncoDaily Medical Journal

  https://oncodailyjournal.com/10.69690/odmj-018-0425-3015/

  Patient outcomes are greatly impacted by limited access to specialized healthcare facilities, delayed diagnosis, and insufficient funding for optimum treatment. Treatment procedures such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are frequently jeopardized due to a variety of problems such as budgetary restrictions, a lack of experience, and insufficient infrastructure. […] These results underline the value of early identification, thorough surgical intervention, and individualized treatment plans for ependymoma patients in resource-constrained settings in order to enhance their prognosis and long-term health.

• #94 Living With Ependymoma | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/ependymoma/survival/living-with-ependymoma

  Ependymoma is a rare type of tumor that develops in the lining of the ventricles in the brain and central canal of the spinal cord. […] Living with ependymoma can be challenging, and patients may experience a range of symptoms depending on the location and size of the tumor. […] To effectively manage ependymoma, patients need to take an active role in their healthcare management. It is important to learn about the condition and what to expect during and after treatment. […] Maintaining a healthy lifestyle by eating a nutritious diet and engaging in regular exercise can help to improve overall well-being, boost energy levels, and support recovery during and after ependymoma treatment. […] Other helpful measures to manage symptoms include staying hydrated, getting enough sleep, and maintaining a positive attitude. Patients with ependymoma should also follow their doctors care and symptom management instructions to prevent the recurrence of the tumors.

• #95 Ependymoma | Brain and spinal cord tumours | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/brain-tumours/types/ependymoma

  Surgery is the main treatment for ependymomas. You may also have radiotherapy and chemotherapy. […] The exact type of surgery you have depends on where the tumour is. A highly specialist doctor (neurosurgeon) removes as much of the tumour as possible. […] Radiotherapy uses high energy x-rays to destroy abnormal cells. You might have radiotherapy after surgery to reduce the risk of the tumour coming back. […] You have regular appointments with your doctor or nurse after treatment finishes. Your doctor examines you at each appointment. They ask how you are feeling, whether you have had any symptoms or side effects, and if you are worried about anything. […] Coping with a diagnosis of a brain tumour can be difficult, both practically and emotionally. It can be especially difficult when you have a high grade tumour. Being well informed about the type of tumour you have, and its treatment can make it easier to cope.

• #96 Ependymoma: Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23147-ependymoma

  Your healthcare provider will treat an ependymoma with: […] Surgery is the most common ependymoma treatment. A surgeon will remove as much of the tumor as possible. […] Radiation therapy uses powerful X-rays to destroy tumor cells. You might need radiation before and/or after surgery. […] Chemo is medication that kills cancer cells. You’ll usually only need chemo if the tumor has spread to other areas of your body. This is very rare with ependymomas. […] Immunotherapy is a rare treatment for an ependymoma. […] Ependymomas are tumors that grow in your brain or spinal cord. There are lots of grades and types, but the good news is they’re all treatable. Many people successfully have surgery to remove an ependymoma with no long-term effects. […] Your provider will help you understand everything you need to know about the ependymoma and which treatments you’ll need. Don’t hesitate to ask them any questions you think of. There’s no such thing as a silly question when it comes to your health or body.

• #97 Living With Ependymoma | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/ependymoma/survival/living-with-ependymoma

  Ependymoma is a rare type of tumor that develops in the lining of the ventricles in the brain and central canal of the spinal cord. […] Living with ependymoma can be challenging, and patients may experience a range of symptoms depending on the location and size of the tumor. […] To effectively manage ependymoma, patients need to take an active role in their healthcare management. It is important to learn about the condition and what to expect during and after treatment. […] Maintaining a healthy lifestyle by eating a nutritious diet and engaging in regular exercise can help to improve overall well-being, boost energy levels, and support recovery during and after ependymoma treatment. […] Other helpful measures to manage symptoms include staying hydrated, getting enough sleep, and maintaining a positive attitude. Patients with ependymoma should also follow their doctors care and symptom management instructions to prevent the recurrence of the tumors.

• #98 Ependymoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538244/

  Ependymomas are glial cell tumors that commonly arise in the lining cells of the ventricular system, and less commonly outside the central nervous system (CNS), or within the brain parenchyma. This activity reviews the pathophysiology and presentation of ependymoma and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in their management. […] Outline the importance of improving care coordination among interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients affected by ependymoma. […] The mainstay of treatment for ependymoma includes an interprofessional approach that may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. […] Palliative care may be necessary for patients at end-of-life. […] Those who undergo surgery may also develop a number of neurological deficits. These individuals may require physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy. In many cases, the neurological deficits are permanent.

• #99 Ependymoma

  https://healthlibrary.tidelandshealth.org/Search/134,538

  Ependymoma can be hard to diagnose because it’s a rare tumor in adults. […] You and your medical team will decide on the best treatment plan for you. Team members may include: […] Treatment depends on the type of tumor and where it is. Your healthcare team will help you decide the best treatment plan for you. The main treatment in adults is surgery to remove as much of the tumor as possible. […] Radiation therapy might be used after surgery. If the tumor has spread, which is rare, chemotherapy may be needed after surgery. […] Talk with your healthcare provider about treatment risks and side effects, your prognosis, and the chances of your tumor returning. […] Most people treated for ependymoma have a good outcome.

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