Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Entropion – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Entropion

  Entropion is an inward turning of the eyelid margin and appendages such that the pilosebaceous unit and mucocutaneous junction are directed posteriorly towards the cornea and ocular surface. […] Involutional entropion is the most common type of entropion. Management should be directed at the specific mechanical failures of horizontal and vertical lid laxity, lower lid retractor weakness, and orbicularis oculi override. Addressing more contributing factors has a greater chance at achieving resolution. […] Management strategies range from conservative, noninvasive measures to more complex surgeries requiring tissue grafts. The approach depends on disease severity, patient comorbidities and goals of care. Numerous repair techniques are described in the literature, each with a slightly different approach to the mechanical issues underlying involutional entropion and various combinations of the strategies discussed below.

• #1 Entropion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/entropion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351131

  Entropion can usually be diagnosed with a routine eye exam and physical. Your doctor may pull on your eyelids during the exam or ask you to blink or close your eyes forcefully. This helps him or her assess your eyelid’s position on the eye, its muscle tone and its tightness. […] The treatment approach depends on what’s causing your entropion. Nonsurgical treatments are available to relieve symptoms and protect your eye from damage. […] Surgery is generally required to fully correct entropion, but short-term fixes can be useful if you can’t tolerate surgery or you have to delay it. […] Your eye doctor may suggest that you use a type of soft contact lens as a sort of corneal bandage to help ease symptoms. […] Small amounts of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injected into the lower eyelid can turn the eyelid out. You may get a series of injections, with effects lasting up to six months.

• #2 Entropion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/entropion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351131

  Entropion can usually be diagnosed with a routine eye exam and physical. Your doctor may pull on your eyelids during the exam or ask you to blink or close your eyes forcefully. This helps him or her assess your eyelid’s position on the eye, its muscle tone and its tightness. […] The treatment approach depends on what’s causing your entropion. Nonsurgical treatments are available to relieve symptoms and protect your eye from damage. […] Surgery is generally required to fully correct entropion, but short-term fixes can be useful if you can’t tolerate surgery or you have to delay it. […] Your eye doctor may suggest that you use a type of soft contact lens as a sort of corneal bandage to help ease symptoms. […] Small amounts of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injected into the lower eyelid can turn the eyelid out. You may get a series of injections, with effects lasting up to six months.

• #3 Entropion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470352/

  Entropion is an inversion or inward turning of the eyelid margin. This activity aims to help clinicians identify and manage entropion by reviewing the pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of this eyelid malformation. […] Explain the treatment and management options available for entropion. […] Management of entropion should be directed at the specific etiology. Medical management is often ocular lubrication, artificial tears, or contact lenses. These can be used to protect the ocular surface from damage secondary to eyelash irritation. […] Botulinum toxin injection can also be considered in a patient with spastic entropion. The Botox injection can be used to paralyze the overriding preseptal orbicularis muscle temporarily. […] Surgical management can be considered in all types of entropion and provides definitive treatment. Suture techniques, such as Quickert sutures, are occasionally helpful and can be performed at bedside or in office.

• #4 Entropion. What is it and how is it treated? | ICR

  https://icrcat.com/en/eye-conditions/entropion/

  Entropion should not be confused with ectropion, which consists of the opposite, an outward turning of the eyelid, exposing the conjunctiva that covers it to the outside. […] The definitive treatment is surgery. The surgery is performed on an outpatient basis without hospitalization, under local anesthesia with sedation or general anesthesia in children, and consists of stabilizing the eyelid so that it does not turn inwards. […] Some treatments may partially alleviate symptoms in the days prior to surgery, such as lubricating the eye with eye drops and ointments or using adhesive tape arranged vertically to prevent inversion of the entire palpebral margin. […] No, the definitive treatment for entropion is surgery. Treatments such as eye lubrication and vertical adhesive tape may partially relieve symptoms prior to surgery, but do not completely cure entropion.

• #5 Turned-In Eyelid (Entropion)

  https://www.asoprs.org/entropion

  Entropion usually requires surgical treatment. Prior to the surgery, the eye is protected by applying tape to the lower eyelid and using lubricating ointment. […] The usual treatment for entropion involves tightening any laxity of the eyelid and its attachments to restore the lid to its normal position. […] An excellent treatment for patients who are not able to have surgery is the Quickert procedure. This procedure requires two or three strategically placed sutures that will turn the eyelid in temporarily. […] The definitive surgery to repair entropion is most commonly performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia with or without sedation. Antibiotic ointment may be prescribed for about a week following the surgery. […] Patients with entropion from forceful eyelid blinking, spasms, or squeezing may benefit from a non-surgical treatment option. Botulinum toxin injections into the overactive eyelid squeezing muscles can weaken them for several months, allowing the eyelid to roll back into its natural position. This may also be a good option for patients who cannot have surgery.

• #6 Entropion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/entropion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351131

  After surgery you will likely experience temporary swelling and bruising on and around your eye. […] To relieve the symptoms of entropion until you have surgery, you can try eye lubricants. Artificial tears and eye ointments help protect your cornea and keep it lubricated. […] Special transparent skin tape can be applied to your eyelid to keep it from turning in.

• #7 Entropion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470352/

  Entropion is an inversion or inward turning of the eyelid margin. This activity aims to help clinicians identify and manage entropion by reviewing the pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of this eyelid malformation. […] Explain the treatment and management options available for entropion. […] Management of entropion should be directed at the specific etiology. Medical management is often ocular lubrication, artificial tears, or contact lenses. These can be used to protect the ocular surface from damage secondary to eyelash irritation. […] Botulinum toxin injection can also be considered in a patient with spastic entropion. The Botox injection can be used to paralyze the overriding preseptal orbicularis muscle temporarily. […] Surgical management can be considered in all types of entropion and provides definitive treatment. Suture techniques, such as Quickert sutures, are occasionally helpful and can be performed at bedside or in office.

• #8 Entropion – College of Optometrists

  https://www.college-optometrists.org/clinical-guidance/clinical-management-guidelines/entropion

  Entropion is the inward rotation of the tarsus and lid margin so that the lashes come into contact with the ocular surface. It is most commonly caused by loss of eyelid elasticity and muscle tone as part of the ageing process. This Clinical Management Guideline outlines the aetiology, signs and symptoms and evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and treating entropion. It provides recommendations for non-pharmacological management and pharmacological treatment, and outlines when either routine or urgent referral may be appropriate. […] The optometrist will be able to see the effect of eyelashes rubbing on the eye surface and may be able to determine the cause. Taping the edge of the eyelid to the skin of the cheek may give temporary relief, as may the removal of lashes or the fitting of a bandage contact lens to protect the eye surface from contact with the eyelashes. Patients may be helped by artificial tears and unmedicated ointments. These measures will not cure the condition, so patients are often referred routinely to the ophthalmologist for consideration of surgery, usually under local anaesthetic, which may solve the problem.

• #9 Entropion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/entropion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351131

  This procedure can be done in your doctor’s office with local anesthesia. After numbing the eyelid, your doctor places several stitches in specific locations along the affected eyelid. […] Special transparent skin tape can be applied to your eyelid to keep it from turning in. […] The type of surgery you have depends on the condition of the tissue surrounding your eyelid and on the cause of your entropion. […] If your entropion is age related, your surgeon will likely remove a small part of your lower eyelid. This helps tighten the affected tendons and muscles. […] If you have scar tissue on the inside of your lid or have had trauma or previous surgeries, your surgeon may perform a mucous membrane graft using tissue from the roof of your mouth or nasal passages. […] After surgery you might need to use an antibiotic ointment on your eye for one week.

• #10 Entropion: Diagnosis and Treatment – Optometrists.org

  https://www.optometrists.org/general-practice-optometry/guide-to-eye-conditions/dry-eye/eyelid-conditions/entropion-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  This involves the removal of a small part of the lower eyelid in order to tighten the muscles and tendons of the lid. […] Following the surgical procedure, you may be prescribed an antibiotic ointment to use for one week post-surgery, in order to prevent infection. […] The following home remedies can help to relieve some of your symptoms until your surgical procedure: […] Skin tape can be used to help your eyelid remain in position and prevent it from turning inward.

• #11 Entropion. What is it and how is it treated? | ICR

  https://icrcat.com/en/eye-conditions/entropion/

  Entropion should not be confused with ectropion, which consists of the opposite, an outward turning of the eyelid, exposing the conjunctiva that covers it to the outside. […] The definitive treatment is surgery. The surgery is performed on an outpatient basis without hospitalization, under local anesthesia with sedation or general anesthesia in children, and consists of stabilizing the eyelid so that it does not turn inwards. […] Some treatments may partially alleviate symptoms in the days prior to surgery, such as lubricating the eye with eye drops and ointments or using adhesive tape arranged vertically to prevent inversion of the entire palpebral margin. […] No, the definitive treatment for entropion is surgery. Treatments such as eye lubrication and vertical adhesive tape may partially relieve symptoms prior to surgery, but do not completely cure entropion.

• #12 Entropion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/entropion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351131

  Entropion can usually be diagnosed with a routine eye exam and physical. Your doctor may pull on your eyelids during the exam or ask you to blink or close your eyes forcefully. This helps him or her assess your eyelid’s position on the eye, its muscle tone and its tightness. […] The treatment approach depends on what’s causing your entropion. Nonsurgical treatments are available to relieve symptoms and protect your eye from damage. […] Surgery is generally required to fully correct entropion, but short-term fixes can be useful if you can’t tolerate surgery or you have to delay it. […] Your eye doctor may suggest that you use a type of soft contact lens as a sort of corneal bandage to help ease symptoms. […] Small amounts of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injected into the lower eyelid can turn the eyelid out. You may get a series of injections, with effects lasting up to six months.

• #13 Entropion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470352/

  Entropion is an inversion or inward turning of the eyelid margin. This activity aims to help clinicians identify and manage entropion by reviewing the pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of this eyelid malformation. […] Explain the treatment and management options available for entropion. […] Management of entropion should be directed at the specific etiology. Medical management is often ocular lubrication, artificial tears, or contact lenses. These can be used to protect the ocular surface from damage secondary to eyelash irritation. […] Botulinum toxin injection can also be considered in a patient with spastic entropion. The Botox injection can be used to paralyze the overriding preseptal orbicularis muscle temporarily. […] Surgical management can be considered in all types of entropion and provides definitive treatment. Suture techniques, such as Quickert sutures, are occasionally helpful and can be performed at bedside or in office.

• #14 Entropion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/entropion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351131

  Entropion can usually be diagnosed with a routine eye exam and physical. Your doctor may pull on your eyelids during the exam or ask you to blink or close your eyes forcefully. This helps him or her assess your eyelid’s position on the eye, its muscle tone and its tightness. […] The treatment approach depends on what’s causing your entropion. Nonsurgical treatments are available to relieve symptoms and protect your eye from damage. […] Surgery is generally required to fully correct entropion, but short-term fixes can be useful if you can’t tolerate surgery or you have to delay it. […] Your eye doctor may suggest that you use a type of soft contact lens as a sort of corneal bandage to help ease symptoms. […] Small amounts of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injected into the lower eyelid can turn the eyelid out. You may get a series of injections, with effects lasting up to six months.

• #15 Entropion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470352/

  Entropion is an inversion or inward turning of the eyelid margin. This activity aims to help clinicians identify and manage entropion by reviewing the pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of this eyelid malformation. […] Explain the treatment and management options available for entropion. […] Management of entropion should be directed at the specific etiology. Medical management is often ocular lubrication, artificial tears, or contact lenses. These can be used to protect the ocular surface from damage secondary to eyelash irritation. […] Botulinum toxin injection can also be considered in a patient with spastic entropion. The Botox injection can be used to paralyze the overriding preseptal orbicularis muscle temporarily. […] Surgical management can be considered in all types of entropion and provides definitive treatment. Suture techniques, such as Quickert sutures, are occasionally helpful and can be performed at bedside or in office.

• #16 Entropion – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Entropion

  Patients can achieve temporary relief with taping of the lower lid to the malar eminence or with application of a cyanoacrylate liquid bandage to evert the lid margin. These treatments are beneficial as temporizing measures until the patient can have surgery for definitive repair, or if the patient is too ill to be a candidate for surgical intervention. Temporary relief from involutional entropion can also be achieved with botulinum toxin injections to the preseptal orbicularis, to combat override. […] General principles of management include either addressing one of the factors alone or whenever possible addressing the 2 main causative factors: lower eyelid laxity and reattachment of lower eyelid retractors. […] Spastic entropion is thought by some to be a subset of involutional entropion often intermittent, and may be a precursor to persistent lower eyelid malposition.

• #17 Entropion: Etiology, Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/article/consultant360/ophthalmology/entropion-etiology-classification-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Correction of a persistent entropion is essential for maintaining corneal integrity and preventing vision loss. Most entropion cases are managed surgically for a permanent repair of the eyelid margin. Nonsurgical medical treatments are an option either while the patient awaits surgical repair or for patients who are poor candidates for surgery. […] To avoid symptoms of irritation, immediate relief can be achieved with the use of topical lubricating ointments and bandage contact lenses to help create a barrier between the ocular surface and the entropic eyelid margin rubbing against the eye. Entropion can be managed temporarily by taping the eyelid margin so that the eyelashes no longer contact the globe or by epilating the inturned eyelashes with forceps. […] Another temporary entropion treatment is botulinum toxin injections. The injections block the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle weakness. These injections provide relief for approximately 3 to 4 months by weakening the protractors of the eyelid. The injections typically start to take effect after 24 to 48 hours, with maximum effect after 1 week. The entropion will return after the botulinum toxin injections wear off; thus, repeated injections are required for long-term relief if the patient does not undergo surgery.

• #18 Turned-In Eyelid (Entropion)

  https://www.asoprs.org/entropion

  Entropion usually requires surgical treatment. Prior to the surgery, the eye is protected by applying tape to the lower eyelid and using lubricating ointment. […] The usual treatment for entropion involves tightening any laxity of the eyelid and its attachments to restore the lid to its normal position. […] An excellent treatment for patients who are not able to have surgery is the Quickert procedure. This procedure requires two or three strategically placed sutures that will turn the eyelid in temporarily. […] The definitive surgery to repair entropion is most commonly performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia with or without sedation. Antibiotic ointment may be prescribed for about a week following the surgery. […] Patients with entropion from forceful eyelid blinking, spasms, or squeezing may benefit from a non-surgical treatment option. Botulinum toxin injections into the overactive eyelid squeezing muscles can weaken them for several months, allowing the eyelid to roll back into its natural position. This may also be a good option for patients who cannot have surgery.

• #19 Entropion: Diagnosis and Treatment – Optometrists.org

  https://www.optometrists.org/general-practice-optometry/guide-to-eye-conditions/dry-eye/eyelid-conditions/entropion-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Entropion is effectively treated using different methods, depending on the underlying cause of the condition. […] To fully correct entropion, surgery is the primary choice of treatment. […] The following treatments may be recommended for mild cases of entropion, or at least until a surgical procedure is performed. […] Injections of Botox into the lower eyelid can turn the eyelid outward and away from the eyes surface, with the effects lasting up to 6 months. […] Placing several stitches along the affected eyelid can temporarily help the eyelid turn outward. […] There are several types of procedures that can correct entropion. […] Your eye doctor will determine which type of procedure is most appropriate for you, depending on the cause of the entropion and the health of the surrounding tissues.

• #20 Entropion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/entropion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351131

  This procedure can be done in your doctor’s office with local anesthesia. After numbing the eyelid, your doctor places several stitches in specific locations along the affected eyelid. […] Special transparent skin tape can be applied to your eyelid to keep it from turning in. […] The type of surgery you have depends on the condition of the tissue surrounding your eyelid and on the cause of your entropion. […] If your entropion is age related, your surgeon will likely remove a small part of your lower eyelid. This helps tighten the affected tendons and muscles. […] If you have scar tissue on the inside of your lid or have had trauma or previous surgeries, your surgeon may perform a mucous membrane graft using tissue from the roof of your mouth or nasal passages. […] After surgery you might need to use an antibiotic ointment on your eye for one week.

• #21 Entropion | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/21165

  Management of entropion should be directed at the specific etiology. Medical management is often ocular lubrication, artificial tears, or contact lenses. These can be used to protect the ocular surface from damage secondary to eyelash irritation. These simple techniques can often break the cycle in spastic entropion. Botulinum toxin injection can also be considered in a patient with spastic entropion. The Botox injection can be used to paralyze the overriding preseptal orbicularis muscle temporarily. If the cause is cicatricial, medical management of the underlying etiology needs to be undertaken first, and then surgical correction can be considered. If inflammation or infection are not controlled, the prognosis is worse and can often progress. […] Surgical management can be considered in all types of entropion and provides definitive treatment. Suture techniques, such as Quickert sutures, are occasionally helpful and can be performed at bedside or in office. This technique is only temporary and often results in recurrence. Additionally, exploration and repair of the lower eyelid retractors through a skin incision or transconjunctival approach can be done to stabilize the inferior border of the tarsus. A small amount of pretarsal orbicularis oculi can be resected to prevent further overriding of the tarsus. If only horizontal laxity is involved, a medial or lateral canthal tightening procedure can be done. A lateral tarsal strip operation or wedge resection corrects all three etiologic factors in involution entropion (horizontal lid laxity, attenuation or disinsertion of the eyelid retractors, and overridden by the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle). A tarsal fracture operation is useful in cases of upper lid mild to moderate cicatricial entropion. A posterior horizontal tarsal incision is made 2mm distal to the eyelid margin. The full thickness incision of the tarsus permits the eyelid margin to be rotated away from the globe. The margins should be stabilized with sutures. Often in cicatricial entropion, the tarsus is scarred or distorted. These patients will often need a tarsus replacement. Tarsoconjunctival, scleral grafts, hard-palate mucosa, autogenous ear cartilage, and other mucosal grafts are useful substitutes in these cases.

• #22 Entropion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/entropion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351131

  This procedure can be done in your doctor’s office with local anesthesia. After numbing the eyelid, your doctor places several stitches in specific locations along the affected eyelid. […] Special transparent skin tape can be applied to your eyelid to keep it from turning in. […] The type of surgery you have depends on the condition of the tissue surrounding your eyelid and on the cause of your entropion. […] If your entropion is age related, your surgeon will likely remove a small part of your lower eyelid. This helps tighten the affected tendons and muscles. […] If you have scar tissue on the inside of your lid or have had trauma or previous surgeries, your surgeon may perform a mucous membrane graft using tissue from the roof of your mouth or nasal passages. […] After surgery you might need to use an antibiotic ointment on your eye for one week.

• #23 Entropion: Diagnosis and Treatment – Optometrists.org

  https://www.optometrists.org/general-practice-optometry/guide-to-eye-conditions/dry-eye/eyelid-conditions/entropion-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Entropion is effectively treated using different methods, depending on the underlying cause of the condition. […] To fully correct entropion, surgery is the primary choice of treatment. […] The following treatments may be recommended for mild cases of entropion, or at least until a surgical procedure is performed. […] Injections of Botox into the lower eyelid can turn the eyelid outward and away from the eyes surface, with the effects lasting up to 6 months. […] Placing several stitches along the affected eyelid can temporarily help the eyelid turn outward. […] There are several types of procedures that can correct entropion. […] Your eye doctor will determine which type of procedure is most appropriate for you, depending on the cause of the entropion and the health of the surrounding tissues.

• #24 Entropion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/entropion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351131

  This procedure can be done in your doctor’s office with local anesthesia. After numbing the eyelid, your doctor places several stitches in specific locations along the affected eyelid. […] Special transparent skin tape can be applied to your eyelid to keep it from turning in. […] The type of surgery you have depends on the condition of the tissue surrounding your eyelid and on the cause of your entropion. […] If your entropion is age related, your surgeon will likely remove a small part of your lower eyelid. This helps tighten the affected tendons and muscles. […] If you have scar tissue on the inside of your lid or have had trauma or previous surgeries, your surgeon may perform a mucous membrane graft using tissue from the roof of your mouth or nasal passages. […] After surgery you might need to use an antibiotic ointment on your eye for one week.

• #25 Entropion: Diagnosis and Treatment – Optometrists.org

  https://www.optometrists.org/general-practice-optometry/guide-to-eye-conditions/dry-eye/eyelid-conditions/entropion-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  This involves the removal of a small part of the lower eyelid in order to tighten the muscles and tendons of the lid. […] Following the surgical procedure, you may be prescribed an antibiotic ointment to use for one week post-surgery, in order to prevent infection. […] The following home remedies can help to relieve some of your symptoms until your surgical procedure: […] Skin tape can be used to help your eyelid remain in position and prevent it from turning inward.

• #26 Entropion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470352/

  A lateral tarsal strip operation or wedge resection corrects all three etiologic factors in involution entropion (horizontal lid laxity, attenuation or disinsertion of the eyelid retractors, and overridden by the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle). […] Tarsoconjunctival, scleral grafts, hard-palate mucosa, autogenous ear cartilage, and other mucosal grafts are useful substitutes in these cases.

• #27 Entropion | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/21165

  Management of entropion should be directed at the specific etiology. Medical management is often ocular lubrication, artificial tears, or contact lenses. These can be used to protect the ocular surface from damage secondary to eyelash irritation. These simple techniques can often break the cycle in spastic entropion. Botulinum toxin injection can also be considered in a patient with spastic entropion. The Botox injection can be used to paralyze the overriding preseptal orbicularis muscle temporarily. If the cause is cicatricial, medical management of the underlying etiology needs to be undertaken first, and then surgical correction can be considered. If inflammation or infection are not controlled, the prognosis is worse and can often progress. […] Surgical management can be considered in all types of entropion and provides definitive treatment. Suture techniques, such as Quickert sutures, are occasionally helpful and can be performed at bedside or in office. This technique is only temporary and often results in recurrence. Additionally, exploration and repair of the lower eyelid retractors through a skin incision or transconjunctival approach can be done to stabilize the inferior border of the tarsus. A small amount of pretarsal orbicularis oculi can be resected to prevent further overriding of the tarsus. If only horizontal laxity is involved, a medial or lateral canthal tightening procedure can be done. A lateral tarsal strip operation or wedge resection corrects all three etiologic factors in involution entropion (horizontal lid laxity, attenuation or disinsertion of the eyelid retractors, and overridden by the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle). A tarsal fracture operation is useful in cases of upper lid mild to moderate cicatricial entropion. A posterior horizontal tarsal incision is made 2mm distal to the eyelid margin. The full thickness incision of the tarsus permits the eyelid margin to be rotated away from the globe. The margins should be stabilized with sutures. Often in cicatricial entropion, the tarsus is scarred or distorted. These patients will often need a tarsus replacement. Tarsoconjunctival, scleral grafts, hard-palate mucosa, autogenous ear cartilage, and other mucosal grafts are useful substitutes in these cases.

• #28 Entropion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470352/

  A lateral tarsal strip operation or wedge resection corrects all three etiologic factors in involution entropion (horizontal lid laxity, attenuation or disinsertion of the eyelid retractors, and overridden by the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle). […] Tarsoconjunctival, scleral grafts, hard-palate mucosa, autogenous ear cartilage, and other mucosal grafts are useful substitutes in these cases.

• #29 Entropion | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/21165

  Management of entropion should be directed at the specific etiology. Medical management is often ocular lubrication, artificial tears, or contact lenses. These can be used to protect the ocular surface from damage secondary to eyelash irritation. These simple techniques can often break the cycle in spastic entropion. Botulinum toxin injection can also be considered in a patient with spastic entropion. The Botox injection can be used to paralyze the overriding preseptal orbicularis muscle temporarily. If the cause is cicatricial, medical management of the underlying etiology needs to be undertaken first, and then surgical correction can be considered. If inflammation or infection are not controlled, the prognosis is worse and can often progress. […] Surgical management can be considered in all types of entropion and provides definitive treatment. Suture techniques, such as Quickert sutures, are occasionally helpful and can be performed at bedside or in office. This technique is only temporary and often results in recurrence. Additionally, exploration and repair of the lower eyelid retractors through a skin incision or transconjunctival approach can be done to stabilize the inferior border of the tarsus. A small amount of pretarsal orbicularis oculi can be resected to prevent further overriding of the tarsus. If only horizontal laxity is involved, a medial or lateral canthal tightening procedure can be done. A lateral tarsal strip operation or wedge resection corrects all three etiologic factors in involution entropion (horizontal lid laxity, attenuation or disinsertion of the eyelid retractors, and overridden by the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle). A tarsal fracture operation is useful in cases of upper lid mild to moderate cicatricial entropion. A posterior horizontal tarsal incision is made 2mm distal to the eyelid margin. The full thickness incision of the tarsus permits the eyelid margin to be rotated away from the globe. The margins should be stabilized with sutures. Often in cicatricial entropion, the tarsus is scarred or distorted. These patients will often need a tarsus replacement. Tarsoconjunctival, scleral grafts, hard-palate mucosa, autogenous ear cartilage, and other mucosal grafts are useful substitutes in these cases.

• #30 Entropion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/entropion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351131

  This procedure can be done in your doctor’s office with local anesthesia. After numbing the eyelid, your doctor places several stitches in specific locations along the affected eyelid. […] Special transparent skin tape can be applied to your eyelid to keep it from turning in. […] The type of surgery you have depends on the condition of the tissue surrounding your eyelid and on the cause of your entropion. […] If your entropion is age related, your surgeon will likely remove a small part of your lower eyelid. This helps tighten the affected tendons and muscles. […] If you have scar tissue on the inside of your lid or have had trauma or previous surgeries, your surgeon may perform a mucous membrane graft using tissue from the roof of your mouth or nasal passages. […] After surgery you might need to use an antibiotic ointment on your eye for one week.

• #31 Entropion | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/21165

  Management of entropion should be directed at the specific etiology. Medical management is often ocular lubrication, artificial tears, or contact lenses. These can be used to protect the ocular surface from damage secondary to eyelash irritation. These simple techniques can often break the cycle in spastic entropion. Botulinum toxin injection can also be considered in a patient with spastic entropion. The Botox injection can be used to paralyze the overriding preseptal orbicularis muscle temporarily. If the cause is cicatricial, medical management of the underlying etiology needs to be undertaken first, and then surgical correction can be considered. If inflammation or infection are not controlled, the prognosis is worse and can often progress. […] Surgical management can be considered in all types of entropion and provides definitive treatment. Suture techniques, such as Quickert sutures, are occasionally helpful and can be performed at bedside or in office. This technique is only temporary and often results in recurrence. Additionally, exploration and repair of the lower eyelid retractors through a skin incision or transconjunctival approach can be done to stabilize the inferior border of the tarsus. A small amount of pretarsal orbicularis oculi can be resected to prevent further overriding of the tarsus. If only horizontal laxity is involved, a medial or lateral canthal tightening procedure can be done. A lateral tarsal strip operation or wedge resection corrects all three etiologic factors in involution entropion (horizontal lid laxity, attenuation or disinsertion of the eyelid retractors, and overridden by the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle). A tarsal fracture operation is useful in cases of upper lid mild to moderate cicatricial entropion. A posterior horizontal tarsal incision is made 2mm distal to the eyelid margin. The full thickness incision of the tarsus permits the eyelid margin to be rotated away from the globe. The margins should be stabilized with sutures. Often in cicatricial entropion, the tarsus is scarred or distorted. These patients will often need a tarsus replacement. Tarsoconjunctival, scleral grafts, hard-palate mucosa, autogenous ear cartilage, and other mucosal grafts are useful substitutes in these cases.

• #32 Entropion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470352/

  A lateral tarsal strip operation or wedge resection corrects all three etiologic factors in involution entropion (horizontal lid laxity, attenuation or disinsertion of the eyelid retractors, and overridden by the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle). […] Tarsoconjunctival, scleral grafts, hard-palate mucosa, autogenous ear cartilage, and other mucosal grafts are useful substitutes in these cases.

• #33 Entropion | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/21165

  Management of entropion should be directed at the specific etiology. Medical management is often ocular lubrication, artificial tears, or contact lenses. These can be used to protect the ocular surface from damage secondary to eyelash irritation. These simple techniques can often break the cycle in spastic entropion. Botulinum toxin injection can also be considered in a patient with spastic entropion. The Botox injection can be used to paralyze the overriding preseptal orbicularis muscle temporarily. If the cause is cicatricial, medical management of the underlying etiology needs to be undertaken first, and then surgical correction can be considered. If inflammation or infection are not controlled, the prognosis is worse and can often progress. […] Surgical management can be considered in all types of entropion and provides definitive treatment. Suture techniques, such as Quickert sutures, are occasionally helpful and can be performed at bedside or in office. This technique is only temporary and often results in recurrence. Additionally, exploration and repair of the lower eyelid retractors through a skin incision or transconjunctival approach can be done to stabilize the inferior border of the tarsus. A small amount of pretarsal orbicularis oculi can be resected to prevent further overriding of the tarsus. If only horizontal laxity is involved, a medial or lateral canthal tightening procedure can be done. A lateral tarsal strip operation or wedge resection corrects all three etiologic factors in involution entropion (horizontal lid laxity, attenuation or disinsertion of the eyelid retractors, and overridden by the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle). A tarsal fracture operation is useful in cases of upper lid mild to moderate cicatricial entropion. A posterior horizontal tarsal incision is made 2mm distal to the eyelid margin. The full thickness incision of the tarsus permits the eyelid margin to be rotated away from the globe. The margins should be stabilized with sutures. Often in cicatricial entropion, the tarsus is scarred or distorted. These patients will often need a tarsus replacement. Tarsoconjunctival, scleral grafts, hard-palate mucosa, autogenous ear cartilage, and other mucosal grafts are useful substitutes in these cases.

• #34

  https://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/2020/12000/a_2_step_procedure_for_entropion_treatment__eyelid.12.aspx

  This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the 2-step procedure used for treating entropion patients: (1) performing a grey line split incision and recessing the anterior lamella; (2) using full-thickness everting sutures of the eyelid to enhance the rotating effect. […] A two-step procedure involving eyelid splitting and full-thickness everting sutures is an effective surgical method to treat entropion due to various causes, when compared with other conventional methods. […] The authors designed the smile procedure, which involves performing a grey line split incision to recess the anterior lamella and a full-thickness everting suture to enhance the rotating effect, with or without skin excision. […] In conclusion, compared with other conventional methods, the smile procedure is a fast and simple surgical procedure that can help surgeons treat entropion with or without skin excision and has fewer numbers of recurrences and complications. The procedure has 2 steps: creating a gap between the anterior and posterior lamella, recessing the anterior lamella and reinforcing rotating effect by using full-thickness everting sutures.

• #35 Modified tarsotomy for the treatment of severe cicatricial entropion | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/eye201677

  To analyze the efficacy of modified tarsotomy for the management of severe cicatricial entropion. […] The study findings suggest modified tarsotomy is effective for the correction of severe cicatricial entropion. […] Treatment of cicatrical entropion requires optimizing the underlying systemic condition and surgical repair. […] Our technique of tarsotomy is based on the principle of eyelid margin rotation or eversion. […] The majority of reports on the surgical success rate of cicatricial entropion did not divide patients according to severity and included all cases regardless of severity. […] In conclusion, the described modified tarsotomy technique is a simple procedure with a reasonable success rate for severe cicatricial entropion. We recommend this method be considered as a primary treatment option for severe cicatricial entropion due to its reliability, low morbidity, and repeatability.

• #36

  https://www.healio.com/news/ophthalmology/20220613/successful-treatment-of-cicatricial-entropion-requires-control-of-fibrotic-process

  Patients with cicatricial entropion and fornix scarring represent a significant reconstructive challenge. […] Cicatricial entropion is caused by conjunctival scarring pulling the eyelid margin inward toward the eye. The first step is to identify the scar. […] To address the problem, I have learned to take a multipronged approach, with the expectation that any tissue augmentation performed onto an inflamed, actively cicatrizing process is doomed to fail. […] First, I treat the ongoing fibrotic/cicatrizing process using serial injections of 5-fluorouracil directly into the conjunctival scar. […] As I recently published, four to five serial injections of 5-FU into conjunctival scars lead to scar remodeling, improve eyelid position and enhance success of subsequent surgical interventions.

• #37

  https://www.healio.com/news/ophthalmology/20220613/successful-treatment-of-cicatricial-entropion-requires-control-of-fibrotic-process

  The next step is to excise the scarred, diseased tissue, including underlying thickened connective tissue matrix. […] Because chronic scarring usually involves loss of local tissue stem cells, I address the defect using mucous membrane free graft from either the inner cheek (buccal) or lip. […] The graft brings with it its own stem cells that can proliferate to cover the defect. […] To fully cover the rest of the defect, I use AmnioGuard cryopreserved umbilical cord amniotic membrane (UC-AM) (BioTissue), which is thick and robust enough to easily suture to surrounding conjunctiva and skin. […] The AmnioGuard AM facilitates epithelialization while reducing inflammation, hypervascularization and scarring, and it serves as a matrix on which patients mucus membrane cells can grow and repopulate the missing mucosa over the area of the defect.

• #38

  https://www.healio.com/news/ophthalmology/20220613/successful-treatment-of-cicatricial-entropion-requires-control-of-fibrotic-process

  If a patients conjunctival scar is smaller and more focal, UC-AM grafting alone may be sufficient. […] Whenever using a graft, it is important to ensure that the graft is large enough to cover the defect without tension. […] Among the most critical steps in the overall process is ensuring that the scar tissue is fully released. If it is not, it will result in a failed surgery and an even larger defect.

• #39 Turned-In Eyelid (Entropion)

  https://www.asoprs.org/entropion

  Entropion usually requires surgical treatment. Prior to the surgery, the eye is protected by applying tape to the lower eyelid and using lubricating ointment. […] The usual treatment for entropion involves tightening any laxity of the eyelid and its attachments to restore the lid to its normal position. […] An excellent treatment for patients who are not able to have surgery is the Quickert procedure. This procedure requires two or three strategically placed sutures that will turn the eyelid in temporarily. […] The definitive surgery to repair entropion is most commonly performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia with or without sedation. Antibiotic ointment may be prescribed for about a week following the surgery. […] Patients with entropion from forceful eyelid blinking, spasms, or squeezing may benefit from a non-surgical treatment option. Botulinum toxin injections into the overactive eyelid squeezing muscles can weaken them for several months, allowing the eyelid to roll back into its natural position. This may also be a good option for patients who cannot have surgery.

• #40 Entropion: Diagnosis and Treatment – Optometrists.org

  https://www.optometrists.org/general-practice-optometry/guide-to-eye-conditions/dry-eye/eyelid-conditions/entropion-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Entropion is effectively treated using different methods, depending on the underlying cause of the condition. […] To fully correct entropion, surgery is the primary choice of treatment. […] The following treatments may be recommended for mild cases of entropion, or at least until a surgical procedure is performed. […] Injections of Botox into the lower eyelid can turn the eyelid outward and away from the eyes surface, with the effects lasting up to 6 months. […] Placing several stitches along the affected eyelid can temporarily help the eyelid turn outward. […] There are several types of procedures that can correct entropion. […] Your eye doctor will determine which type of procedure is most appropriate for you, depending on the cause of the entropion and the health of the surrounding tissues.

• #41 Entropion. What is it and how is it treated? | ICR

  https://icrcat.com/en/eye-conditions/entropion/

  Entropion should not be confused with ectropion, which consists of the opposite, an outward turning of the eyelid, exposing the conjunctiva that covers it to the outside. […] The definitive treatment is surgery. The surgery is performed on an outpatient basis without hospitalization, under local anesthesia with sedation or general anesthesia in children, and consists of stabilizing the eyelid so that it does not turn inwards. […] Some treatments may partially alleviate symptoms in the days prior to surgery, such as lubricating the eye with eye drops and ointments or using adhesive tape arranged vertically to prevent inversion of the entire palpebral margin. […] No, the definitive treatment for entropion is surgery. Treatments such as eye lubrication and vertical adhesive tape may partially relieve symptoms prior to surgery, but do not completely cure entropion.

• #42 Entropion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/entropion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351131

  After surgery you will likely experience temporary swelling and bruising on and around your eye. […] To relieve the symptoms of entropion until you have surgery, you can try eye lubricants. Artificial tears and eye ointments help protect your cornea and keep it lubricated. […] Special transparent skin tape can be applied to your eyelid to keep it from turning in.

• #43 Entropion Surgery (Turning In of the Eyelid) | Milan Eye Center

  https://www.milaneyecenter.com/oculoplastics-center/corrective-reconstructive-procedures/entropion-surgery/

  Requiring only local anesthesia and light sedation, entropion repair is a brief, 45-minute outpatient procedure. After surgery, your doctor may recommend that you wear a patch or bandage for 24 hours to protect your eye from outside irritants and to minimize bleeding. You will also receive specific eye drops and ointments to help fight infection and to aid in the eyelid’s recovery process.

• #44 Entropion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/entropion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351131

  This procedure can be done in your doctor’s office with local anesthesia. After numbing the eyelid, your doctor places several stitches in specific locations along the affected eyelid. […] Special transparent skin tape can be applied to your eyelid to keep it from turning in. […] The type of surgery you have depends on the condition of the tissue surrounding your eyelid and on the cause of your entropion. […] If your entropion is age related, your surgeon will likely remove a small part of your lower eyelid. This helps tighten the affected tendons and muscles. […] If you have scar tissue on the inside of your lid or have had trauma or previous surgeries, your surgeon may perform a mucous membrane graft using tissue from the roof of your mouth or nasal passages. […] After surgery you might need to use an antibiotic ointment on your eye for one week.

• #45 Entropion: Diagnosis and Treatment – Optometrists.org

  https://www.optometrists.org/general-practice-optometry/guide-to-eye-conditions/dry-eye/eyelid-conditions/entropion-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  This involves the removal of a small part of the lower eyelid in order to tighten the muscles and tendons of the lid. […] Following the surgical procedure, you may be prescribed an antibiotic ointment to use for one week post-surgery, in order to prevent infection. […] The following home remedies can help to relieve some of your symptoms until your surgical procedure: […] Skin tape can be used to help your eyelid remain in position and prevent it from turning inward.

• #46 Entropion: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248936

  In mild cases, eye drops or artificial tears may soothe some symptoms. A person may need to use a contact lens to protect the surface of the eye. […] If the health of the eye is at risk, the doctor may recommend surgery. […] After treatment for an infection or inflammation, the eyelid usually returns to its regular position. If this does not happen, and the eyelid still causes problems, a doctor may recommend surgery. […] Sticking transparent skin tape to the eyelid can stop it from folding inward. […] Injecting botox into the lower eyelid can relax the lid muscles and prevent them from contracting inward. […] Several types of surgery can treat entropion. […] The surgeon will place up to three stitches along the eyelid. These will force it to turn outward. […] If entropion results from aging and the relaxation of muscles, ligaments, or tendons, a surgeon can remove a small part of the lower eyelid. This will tighten the tendons and muscles. […] After surgery, the physician will prescribe antibiotics to protect against postsurgical infection and steroids to prevent inflammation.

• #47

  https://www.mtwaverleyeye.com.au/in-turning-eye-lid-entropion

  Entropion is treated by lid surgery, which is generally done under local anaesthetic as a day case. […] Temporary measures until surgery takes place include: Taping the lid skin to prevent the lid turning in. The doctor or nurse can show you how to do this. […] Botulinum toxin injections to weaken the muscles that are pushing the lid inwards. […] Everting sutures – Stitches are placed in the lid to stiffen it and stop it turning in. This is a quick operation, which can be carried out on both lower lids at the same visit. The effect is temporary however. […] There are several surgical techniques for entropion. One common procedure is to perform a lateral tarsal strip procedure together with placing deep stiches to tighten the muscle that opens the lid (the lid retractors). […] It takes about 45 minutes to perform. […] The surgeon will normally use dissolving stitches in your eyelid, they often fall out on their own within 2 weeks, otherwise your surgeon will remove them for you after 14 days. […] If it does occur your eye specialist may arrange a further operation to treat the entropion.

• #48 Ectropion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ectropion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351169

  Ectropion caused by scar tissue from injury or previous surgery. Your surgeon might need to use a skin graft, taken from your upper eyelid or behind your ear, to help support the lower lid. If you have facial paralysis or significant scarring, you might need a second procedure to completely correct your ectropion. […] Before surgery, you’ll receive a local anesthetic to numb your eyelid and the area around it. You may be lightly sedated using oral or intravenous medication to make you more comfortable, depending on the type of procedure you’re having and whether it’s done in an outpatient surgical clinic. […] After surgery you might need to: […] After surgery you will likely experience: […] Your eyelid might feel tight after surgery. But as you heal, it will become more comfortable. Stitches are usually removed about a week after surgery. You can expect the swelling and bruising to fade in about two weeks. […] For ectropion, some basic questions to ask your doctor include: […] What treatments are available, and which do you recommend? […] What are the risks of surgery? […] What are the alternatives to surgery?

• #49 Entropion Surgery Treatment | Klapper Plastic Surgery

  https://www.klapperplasticsurgery.com/entropion-surgery/

  Entropion Surgery […] Surgery is usually necessary to treat entropion. […] A variety of surgical techniques are utilized to treat entropion. […] Correction of involutional entropion typically involves tightening the lower eyelid and turning the eyelid margin outward into a more normal position. […] This surgery is referred to as a Lateral Tarsal Strip Procedure. […] A topical antibiotic is typically applied to the operated areas during the first postoperative week. […] It is important that the tightened eyelid not be disrupted during the first 3 weeks of healing.

• #50 Entropion Treatment in Houston – Dr. Mirwat S. Sami

  https://www.houstonoculofacial.com/eyelid-malpositions-houston/entropian/

  Following treatment, the recovery process is typically smooth. Patients may experience mild discomfort or swelling, which usually subsides within a week or two. Post-operative care instructions often include using antibiotic ointment and avoiding strenuous activities to facilitate proper healing. Regular follow-up visits will help monitor recovery and secure optimal results. […] The cost of treating entropion varies depending on the severity of the condition and the type of treatment required. While non-surgical options may be more affordable, surgical correction tends to be a more permanent solution, making it a worthwhile investment for long-term eye health and comfort. […] If you suspect you have entropion or have been diagnosed with the condition, seeking expert care is essential to prevent further eye damage. To learn more about treatment options and to discuss the best course of action, schedule a consultation with Dr. Mirwat S. Sami at Houston Oculofacial Plastic Surgery.

• #51 Entropion Treatment in Houston – Dr. Mirwat S. Sami

  https://www.houstonoculofacial.com/eyelid-malpositions-houston/entropian/

  Following treatment, the recovery process is typically smooth. Patients may experience mild discomfort or swelling, which usually subsides within a week or two. Post-operative care instructions often include using antibiotic ointment and avoiding strenuous activities to facilitate proper healing. Regular follow-up visits will help monitor recovery and secure optimal results. […] The cost of treating entropion varies depending on the severity of the condition and the type of treatment required. While non-surgical options may be more affordable, surgical correction tends to be a more permanent solution, making it a worthwhile investment for long-term eye health and comfort. […] If you suspect you have entropion or have been diagnosed with the condition, seeking expert care is essential to prevent further eye damage. To learn more about treatment options and to discuss the best course of action, schedule a consultation with Dr. Mirwat S. Sami at Houston Oculofacial Plastic Surgery.

• #52 Entropion Treatment Paoli, PA – Eye Experts West Chester, PA

  https://www.vistarrvision.com/services/oculoplastic/entropion/

  While there are treatments for entropion, correction of the condition is completed with a brief surgical procedure in which the eyelids are repositioned. […] Temporary relief of the entropion condition can also be found with the following treatment methods: Skin tape to hold the eyelid in place, strategically placed stitches, lubricating eye drops. […] The eyelid area is numbed with a local anesthetic and a light sedation may also be provided. For entropion due to muscle weakness, the surgery may involve the removal of a small section of eyelid to tighten the muscles in the area. When the entropion is caused by scars or prior surgery, the procedure typically relies on a skin graft to allow a repositioning of the eyelid. […] Patients usually need to wear an eye patch for 24 hours after the surgery. Post-operatively an antibiotic and steroid ointment will need to be applied. Symptoms of entropion usually resolve immediately. There may be some short-term bruising or swelling as a result of the procedure.

• #53 Entropion: Etiology, Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/article/consultant360/ophthalmology/entropion-etiology-classification-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Surgery can offer long-term correction. Surgical treatment for an entropion has a success rate of 50% to 80%. Entropion is typically treated by reattaching the inferior eyelid retractor muscles to the tarsal plate. This is followed up by using the lateral canthal strengthening procedure to treat associated horizontal lid laxity. […] Ultimately, surgery is required to resolve the condition. Outcomes of the surgery are typically good and can significantly improve the patients quality of life.

• #54 Modified tarsotomy for the treatment of severe cicatricial entropion | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/eye201677

  To analyze the efficacy of modified tarsotomy for the management of severe cicatricial entropion. […] The study findings suggest modified tarsotomy is effective for the correction of severe cicatricial entropion. […] Treatment of cicatrical entropion requires optimizing the underlying systemic condition and surgical repair. […] Our technique of tarsotomy is based on the principle of eyelid margin rotation or eversion. […] The majority of reports on the surgical success rate of cicatricial entropion did not divide patients according to severity and included all cases regardless of severity. […] In conclusion, the described modified tarsotomy technique is a simple procedure with a reasonable success rate for severe cicatricial entropion. We recommend this method be considered as a primary treatment option for severe cicatricial entropion due to its reliability, low morbidity, and repeatability.

• #55

  https://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/2020/12000/a_2_step_procedure_for_entropion_treatment__eyelid.12.aspx

  This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the 2-step procedure used for treating entropion patients: (1) performing a grey line split incision and recessing the anterior lamella; (2) using full-thickness everting sutures of the eyelid to enhance the rotating effect. […] A two-step procedure involving eyelid splitting and full-thickness everting sutures is an effective surgical method to treat entropion due to various causes, when compared with other conventional methods. […] The authors designed the smile procedure, which involves performing a grey line split incision to recess the anterior lamella and a full-thickness everting suture to enhance the rotating effect, with or without skin excision. […] In conclusion, compared with other conventional methods, the smile procedure is a fast and simple surgical procedure that can help surgeons treat entropion with or without skin excision and has fewer numbers of recurrences and complications. The procedure has 2 steps: creating a gap between the anterior and posterior lamella, recessing the anterior lamella and reinforcing rotating effect by using full-thickness everting sutures.

• #56 Learn About Entropion & Cherry Eye | Veterinary Vision Animal Eye Specialists

  https://www.veterinaryvision.com/learn-about-entropion-and-cherry-eye

  Entropion is a condition where the eyelids roll inward, causing the eyelid hairs to contact the surface of the eye. […] Permanent treatment for entropion requires a surgical procedure to remove a narrow segment of skin and muscle from the eyelid with stitches used to evert the eyelid to a normal position. […] When entropion is present in young puppies, definitive surgical correction should be delayed until the dog is nearer physical maturity. Sutures or surgical staples may be placed in the eyelids using a local anesthetic and sedation. This is very well tolerated by the pups, although care must be taken to prevent the dam or littermates from chewing at them. The staples are maintained and/or replaced until the condition resolves with age or until the puppy is old enough for permanent surgical correction.

• #57 Entropion in Dogs – Veterinary Vision Center

  https://veterinaryvisioncenter.com/entropion-in-dogs/

  Entropion is a condition in which the eyelid rolls inward, causing the eyelashes and surrounding hair to rub against the dog’s sensitive cornea. […] In secondary entropion cases, resolving the primary problem may correct the entropion. Treatment with antibiotic ointment can lubricate the corneal surface and protect against corneal damage. […] However, in most cases, surgical correction is required to resolve the entropion. […] To ensure your dog has grown into their adult facial features, they should be at least 6 months old before the surgery is performed. […] In older dogs, a surgery called blepharoplasty, which entails removing the excess skin of the lids, as well as excess skin that causes skin folds, tightening the eyelids, is performed. […] Recurrence after surgery is rare, except in severe cases, as seen in Shar peis. Blepharoplasty should be performed only by a board certified veterinary ophthalmologist. […] As long as the condition is caught early and the cornea has not sustained any damage, prognosis following surgery is excellent. […] After surgery, your dog’s eyes will need lifelong veterinary monitoring to check for recurrence, and to help ensure their cornea is not damaged.

• #58 Entropion in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | PetMD

  https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/eyes/entropion-dogs-causes-symptoms-and-treatment

  Entropion in dogs is usually diagnosed when the veterinarian identifies the eyelid abnormality during physical examination. […] For hereditary entropion, treatment is surgical and is performed under general anesthesia. […] The most common permanent fix is called a Hotz-Celsus procedure. During this surgery, your vet will remove a sliver of skin and then suture the sides of the skin back together, which pulls the eyelid out of its inverted state. […] For entropion that occurs due to an ulcer or eye injury, your veterinarian will treat the underlying issue. […] Most cases of entropion are surgically repaired by removing a sliver of skin from around the eyelid, which causes the eyelid to return to a normal position.

• #59 Vet Times: Latest Veterinary News, Jobs & Clinical Resources

  https://www.vettimes.com/news/vets/small-animal-vets/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-entropion-in-felines

  Entropion is an eversion of an eyelid margin, resulting in trichiasis (hair rubbing against the cornea). […] The treatment for cat entropion is normally surgical and various methods have been described. […] According to the literature, combined modified Hotz-Celsus (HC) and lateral canthal closure (LCC) is the most successful technique to correct lower eyelid entropion in cats. […] A prophylactic lateral canthal closure in the contralateral unaffected eye may decrease the risk of entropion developing. […] The majority of entropion cases will require definitive corrective surgery. […] Various methods of entropion correction have been described in the surgical management of feline entropion. […] If the spastic component is believed to be large, secondary to another disease process, temporary solutions such as tacking sutures, contact lenses or tarsorrhaphies may be employed until the underlying disease is controlled, then the extent of the entropion may be reassessed.

• #60 Vet Times: Latest Veterinary News, Jobs & Clinical Resources

  https://www.vettimes.com/news/vets/small-animal-vets/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-entropion-in-felines

  Entropion is an eversion of an eyelid margin, resulting in trichiasis (hair rubbing against the cornea). […] The treatment for cat entropion is normally surgical and various methods have been described. […] According to the literature, combined modified Hotz-Celsus (HC) and lateral canthal closure (LCC) is the most successful technique to correct lower eyelid entropion in cats. […] A prophylactic lateral canthal closure in the contralateral unaffected eye may decrease the risk of entropion developing. […] The majority of entropion cases will require definitive corrective surgery. […] Various methods of entropion correction have been described in the surgical management of feline entropion. […] If the spastic component is believed to be large, secondary to another disease process, temporary solutions such as tacking sutures, contact lenses or tarsorrhaphies may be employed until the underlying disease is controlled, then the extent of the entropion may be reassessed.

• #61 Entropion in Cats | PetMD

  https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/eyes/c_ct_entropion

  Veterinarians use Hyaluronic Acid (HA) injections as an alternative to surgery, especially in older felines that do not tolerate anesthesia well. HA is a filler-type material that allows the eyelid to be successfully turned outward. This is typically a safe and easy method in more mild cases of entropion. However, the success rate is lower – compared to surgical correction – and may require additional follow-ups and procedures. […] Some cats will have permanent corneal scarring and conjunctivitis even after correction of the entropion and may require life-long medications to maintain eye comfort and health. […] Because most cases of entropion are spastic, it is important to monitor your cats eyes closely and seek veterinary treatment quickly. Early intervention offers the best chance of success and return the eye to normal function.

• #62 Entropion. What is it and how is it treated? | ICR

  https://icrcat.com/en/eye-conditions/entropion/

  Entropion should not be confused with ectropion, which consists of the opposite, an outward turning of the eyelid, exposing the conjunctiva that covers it to the outside. […] The definitive treatment is surgery. The surgery is performed on an outpatient basis without hospitalization, under local anesthesia with sedation or general anesthesia in children, and consists of stabilizing the eyelid so that it does not turn inwards. […] Some treatments may partially alleviate symptoms in the days prior to surgery, such as lubricating the eye with eye drops and ointments or using adhesive tape arranged vertically to prevent inversion of the entire palpebral margin. […] No, the definitive treatment for entropion is surgery. Treatments such as eye lubrication and vertical adhesive tape may partially relieve symptoms prior to surgery, but do not completely cure entropion.

• #63 Entropion. What is it and how is it treated? | ICR

  https://icrcat.com/en/eye-conditions/entropion/

  The only treatment to permanently cure entropion is surgery. However, botulinum toxin can temporarily treat spastic entropion, improving it, without curing it, for a few weeks. […] It is recommended that the operation be performed by an oculoplastic surgeon and not a general practitioner, since the oculoplastic surgeon is an ophthalmologist specialized in eyelid surgeries, knows the palpebral anatomy, the causes of the pathologies and their solutions, so he/she will take special care of the eye to preserve its vital function.

• #64 Ectropion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ectropion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351169

  Ectropion caused by scar tissue from injury or previous surgery. Your surgeon might need to use a skin graft, taken from your upper eyelid or behind your ear, to help support the lower lid. If you have facial paralysis or significant scarring, you might need a second procedure to completely correct your ectropion. […] Before surgery, you’ll receive a local anesthetic to numb your eyelid and the area around it. You may be lightly sedated using oral or intravenous medication to make you more comfortable, depending on the type of procedure you’re having and whether it’s done in an outpatient surgical clinic. […] After surgery you might need to: […] After surgery you will likely experience: […] Your eyelid might feel tight after surgery. But as you heal, it will become more comfortable. Stitches are usually removed about a week after surgery. You can expect the swelling and bruising to fade in about two weeks. […] For ectropion, some basic questions to ask your doctor include: […] What treatments are available, and which do you recommend? […] What are the risks of surgery? […] What are the alternatives to surgery?

• #65 Ectropion & Entropion Treatment in Morristown, NJ | Alexandra Braunstein, MD

  https://www.njoculoplastics.com/eyelid-surgery/reconstructive-surgery/ectropion-entropion-treatment/

  Dr. Alexandra Braunstein, an experienced oculofacial plastic surgeon based in Morristown, offers state-of-the-art treatment options for entropion and ectropion. With a commitment to excellence and patient satisfaction, Dr. Braunstein invites those in need of these procedures to schedule a consultation. […] Treatment options for entropion can range from eye drops and ointments to surgery, depending on the severity of the condition. […] Entropion surgery is a procedure to correct the inward turning of the eyelid. The surgery typically takes 30 to 60 minutes. The procedure involves repositioning and tightening the affected eyelid to prevent it from turning inward. After the surgery, you may experience mild swelling, bruising, and discomfort, but these symptoms subside within a few days. Most patients can return to normal activities within a week, with complete healing and improvement taking several weeks.

• #66 Ectropion & Entropion Treatment in Morristown, NJ | Alexandra Braunstein, MD

  https://www.njoculoplastics.com/eyelid-surgery/reconstructive-surgery/ectropion-entropion-treatment/

  Dr. Alexandra Braunstein, an experienced oculofacial plastic surgeon based in Morristown, offers state-of-the-art treatment options for entropion and ectropion. With a commitment to excellence and patient satisfaction, Dr. Braunstein invites those in need of these procedures to schedule a consultation. […] Treatment options for entropion can range from eye drops and ointments to surgery, depending on the severity of the condition. […] Entropion surgery is a procedure to correct the inward turning of the eyelid. The surgery typically takes 30 to 60 minutes. The procedure involves repositioning and tightening the affected eyelid to prevent it from turning inward. After the surgery, you may experience mild swelling, bruising, and discomfort, but these symptoms subside within a few days. Most patients can return to normal activities within a week, with complete healing and improvement taking several weeks.

• #67 Ectropion Treatment In Bellevue, WA | Kristin J. Tarbet, MD

  https://www.kristintarbetmd.com/services/medical-reconstructive/ectropion-entropion/

  After surgery, patients will need to wear an eyepatch for about 24 hours and apply antibiotic drops or ointment for one to three weeks. Once the eyelid has healed, the eye should feel comfortable and be in a normal position. Additionally, there will no longer be any risk of corneal scarring, infection or loss of vision. Patients may experience bruising and swelling temporarily.

• #68 Entropion: Types, Surgery, Prognosis, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-entropion-5186015

  The prognosis for most cases of entropion is typically good. Once eyelid surgery is performed, a person’s symptoms usually go away immediately and the condition does not come back. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of entropion is key to preventing infection, a corneal scratch, or vision loss. […] Surgery is the preferred way to treat most kinds of entropion. Once a person has surgery to fix the problem, any symptoms that they have will go away immediately and the condition usually does not come back.

• #69 Entropion Eyelid Repair in Little Rock, AR | Dr. Wade Brock

  https://www.aosplasticsurgery.com/reconstructive-oculo-facial-procedures-little-rock/entropion-repair/

  The surgery is more predictable than some, because the anatomic problem is so well-defined, easy to recognize and there is a time-tested approach for surgical correction. When all three of the elements of entropion are not addressed, it is more likely that a patient will have recurrence. But when all three elements are addressed, the chance for success with long-lasting results is over 99%. […] For cicatricial entropion it is usually necessary to place some type of graft in the back of the eyelid to lengthen the eyelid. […] Entropion repair of the upper eyelid is also very different from involutional entropion of the lower eyelid. There are different options for entropion repair of the upper eyelid and all do not share the success rate that lower eyelid entropion repair offers. Options for upper eyelid entropion repair include marginal rotation, tarsal fracture, and mucous membrane grafting. Usually, mucous membrane grafting is the surgery of last resort. This is because the surgeon would rather perform the lowest risk and least invasive procedure initially and try to avoid the more invasive mucous membrane graft. But if the more conservative approaches fail, then mucous membrane grafting from the inside of the cheek or lip can be very effective. Patients who have constant irritation from their eyelid turning against their eye are much relieved to have their entropion repaired.

• #70 Entropion. What is it and how is it treated? | ICR

  https://icrcat.com/en/eye-conditions/entropion/

  The only treatment to permanently cure entropion is surgery. However, botulinum toxin can temporarily treat spastic entropion, improving it, without curing it, for a few weeks. […] It is recommended that the operation be performed by an oculoplastic surgeon and not a general practitioner, since the oculoplastic surgeon is an ophthalmologist specialized in eyelid surgeries, knows the palpebral anatomy, the causes of the pathologies and their solutions, so he/she will take special care of the eye to preserve its vital function.

• #71 Entropion Surgery (Turning In of the Eyelid) | Milan Eye Center

  https://www.milaneyecenter.com/oculoplastics-center/corrective-reconstructive-procedures/entropion-surgery/

  Entropion repairs are not typically performed by most plastic surgeons as it is a highly specialized and delicate procedure. These types of surgeries are performed by an oculoplastic surgeon whose training begins after medical school and includes a residency in ophthalmology or eye surgery. Once the physician completes their residency, they continue on to a fellowship that involves fine-tuning their knowledge and expertise in order to perform precise eyelid and facial plastic surgery. This type of training, which requires careful attention to detail, is essential when dealing with the body’s most delicate area. […] At Milan Eye Center, we have two board-certified oculofacial plastic surgeons, Dr. Kiran Sajja and Dr. Sagar Patel. Both physicians perform entropion repairs and will determine the best treatment based on the patient’s need and cause of the condition.

• #72 Entropion Surgery (Turning In of the Eyelid) | Milan Eye Center

  https://www.milaneyecenter.com/oculoplastics-center/corrective-reconstructive-procedures/entropion-surgery/

  Some mild to moderate cases of entropion can be temporarily treated with nonsurgical methods, such as lubricating eye drops, botox, eyelid tape, or sutures. By adding strategically placed sutures inside the eyelid, your ophthalmologist may be able to help support the eyelid enough that it does not rub against the eye. […] Most instances of entropion, however, must eventually be treated through surgical methods in order to prevent vision loss and permanent damage to the eye. Entropion repair is an outpatient procedure that typically only requires local anesthesia and a mild sedative. Depending on the exact needs of the patient, entropion repair may involve the removal of a small section of the eyelid or a skin graft to help reposition the eyelid. If your surgeon believes the condition is impacting your vision, there is a chance the procedure can be submitted for insurance coverage.

• #73 Entropion — Dr. Darab Hormozi – Oculofacial Surgeon

  https://www.drhormozi.com/entropion

  Entropion is a condition that usually affects the lower lids but can occasionally affect the upper lids, as well. It causes the eyelid to turn inward causing the lid and eyelashes to rub against the eyeball. […] You may be a candidate for entropion treatment if you experience any symptoms that are associated with the condition, such as eye irritation, a feeling like there is something in your eye, tearing, redness, and sensitivity to light and wind. […] Left untreated, entropion may lead to corneal erosion and corneal ulcers. Dr. Hormozi may recommend a minimally invasive procedure to reposition your eyelid. The procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis using local anesthesia. […] Entropion treatment costs vary by patient, depending on the types of treatments that are recommended by Dr. Hormozi. Your insurance company may cover the cost of treatment for entropion.

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