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• #1 Entropion – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/entropion/

  Entropion can usually be diagnosed with a routine eye exam and physical. Your doctor may pull on your eyelids during the exam or ask you to blink or close your eyes forcefully. This helps him or her assess your eyelid’s position on the eye, its muscle tone and its tightness. […] If your entropion is caused by scar tissue, previous surgery or other conditions, your doctor will examine the surrounding tissue as well.

• #1 Entropion: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248936

  A physician can usually diagnose entropion with a routine examination of the eye. They may also pull on the eyelid and ask the person to close their eyes tightly or blink hard. Special diagnostic tests do not tend to be necessary. […] Identifying the cause of entropion will help a doctor determine the most effective treatment.

• #1 Entropion | Diagnosis & Treatment | Freedmans Health

  https://freedmanshealth.org/diseases-conditions/diagnosis-treatment/entropion/

  Your eye care specialist will start by asking you about your symptoms and medical history. Theyll perform an eye exam, looking for any signs of skin irritation, infection or scarring. Theyll pay close attention to the edges of your eyelid, as there are other medical conditions that can mimic entropion. They want to ensure they make the correct diagnosis to decide the proper treatment. […] Your provider may perform several tests to help diagnose entropion. These tests include: […] Snap-back test. Without allowing you to blink, your provider pulls your eyelid down and observes how long it takes to return to its original position. […] Distraction test. Your provider pulls your eyelid away from your eye and measures the distance. They consider more than 6 millimeters abnormal. […] Slit lamp exam. A slit lamp is a special microscope with a bright light that your provider uses to examine your eye, looking for signs of the condition.

• #1 Uncovering intermittent entropion

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3581359/

  Intermittent entropion may go unnoticed by both patient and physician, in some instances resulting in ocular surface disorders. Unfortunately, the current work-up used to diagnose entropion is not always sufficient to uncover the problem. We present an alternative diagnostic test. […] The common denominator of both cases is an intermittent entropion which could not be detected by the conventional clinical work-up. Diagnosis was easy however using the TIE test described in the text. […] The important clues for suspicion of intermittent entropion are an intermittent foreign-body sensation in the eye accompanied with central punctate keratopathy. The TIE test is a simple and useful test for the diagnosis of intermittent entropion. […] The main complaint of intermittent entropion is an intermittent foreign-body sensation in the eye, with or without the perception of the eyelid margin inversion.

• #1 Practice Pearl of the Week: Entropion and Ectropion

  https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/email/080614_pearl168.html

  WHEN A PATIENT COMPLAINS THAT HER LOWER EYELID TURNS INWARD OR OUTWARD, YET APPEARS NORMAL UPON CLINICAL EVALUATION, HOW SHOULD YOU PROCEED? […] Entropion or ectropion often first manifests in a transient fashion meaning that the eyelid will turn inward or outward at times, and then return to a normal position. The key to making a diagnosis in these cases is to perform a quick induction test for each condition: […] For entropion, use a „forced blink” test. For this, instruct her to squeeze her eyelids shut. This action should cause the lower eyelid to turn inward, which will confirm the presence of entropion. […] Be sure to look for any corneal damage or foreign body tracking secondary to entropion-induced trichiasis. Then, remove any lashes (if necessary for comfort) and schedule the patient for eyelid correction surgery.

• #1 Involutional Entropion

  https://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/cases/220-involutional-entropion.htm

  It is important to distinguish entropion from trichiasis as the treatment for these entities differs. Trichiasis is characterized by an inward rotation of the eyelashes in the setting of a normally-positioned eyelid margin, whereas entropion results in an inward rotation of the eyelashes secondary to an inward turning of the eyelid margin. […] Involutional entropion has classically been attributed to the triad of horizontal lower eyelid laxity, dehiscence of the lower eyelid retractors, and an over-riding orbicularis oculi muscle. […] Correction of involutional entropion is aimed at addressing the underlying factors responsible for the eyelid malposition (i.e. horizontal eyelid laxity, retractor disinsertion, over-riding orbicularis oculi muscle). […] Entropion is a commonly encountered ophthalmologic problem and is categorized as involutional, spastic, or cicatricial. There are multiple surgical options available for the repair of entropion and procedure selection and combination is based on the type and severity of entropion.

• #1 A Clinical Guide to Entropion

  https://eyesoneyecare.com/resources/clinical-guide-to-entropion/

  Entropion can be defined as the inward movement of the eyelid margin; this most often occurs from eyelid laxity. When the eyelid turns inward, the lashes, lid, and eyelid margin rub against the ocular surface, causing ocular irritation. […] Presenting symptoms of entropion include foreign body sensation, tearing, red eye, and irritation. Other symptoms that may also be present include photophobia, blurry vision, and burning eye sensation. […] The development of entropion can occur from involutional, cicatricial, spastic, or congenital etiologies. Differential diagnoses like epiblepharon, ectropion, distichiasis, and trichiasis must be ruled out before entropion can be confirmed. […] Physical examinations to assess inverted eyelid margins include: Snap-back test, Eyelid distraction test, Digital eversion test, Orbicularis override test.

• #1 Entropion – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Entropion

  Entropion is an inward turning of the eyelid margin and appendages such that the pilosebaceous unit and mucocutaneous junction are directed posteriorly towards the cornea and ocular surface. […] Inward turning of the eyelid margin can cause corneal and conjunctival damage leading to corneal stromal abrasion, scarring, corneal thinning and corneal neovascularization. […] In a study of nearly 25,000 individuals over 60 years old, involutional entropion was found in 2.1% of patients, lesser than involutional ectropion. […] Patients with involutional entropion are often elderly and have significant comorbidities. The 4-year mortality for patients with involutional entropion is 30%. […] Involutional entropion is due to a combination of causative factors: loss of horizontal lid support with canthal tendon laxity; disinsertion, atrophy or dehiscence of lower lid retractors; overriding of the preseptal over pretarsal orbicularis oculi; loss of vertical lid support with tarsal atrophy; and orbital fat atrophy leading to enophthalmos that allows inversion of the lid margin.

• #1 Entropion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470352/

  The older an individual is, the greater the chances of developing an entropion. Bilateral disease is three times more common than unilateral. Entropion is thought to occur more frequently in women than men, as women tend to have smaller tarsal plates than men. […] Usually, laboratory tests are not required for the diagnosis of entropion. If a patient is found to have a cicatricial entropion, an infection or autoimmune disease workup needs to be performed before treatment of the entropion. The source of the entropion needs to be identified. If an involutional entropion is found, consider an exophthalmometry reading to determine if relative enophthalmos is present. […] Management of entropion should be directed at the specific etiology. Medical management is often ocular lubrication, artificial tears, or contact lenses. These can be used to protect the ocular surface from damage secondary to eyelash irritation. […] Surgical management can be considered in all types of entropion and provides definitive treatment.

• #1 Entropion – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/entropion/symptoms-causes/syc-20351125

  Entropion is a condition in which your eyelid, usually the lower one, is turned inward so that your eyelashes rub against your eyeball, causing discomfort. […] Entropion (en-TROH-pee-on) is a condition in which your eyelid turns inward so that your eyelashes and skin rub against the eye surface. This causes irritation and discomfort. […] When you have entropion, your eyelid may be turned in all the time or only when you blink hard or squeeze your eyelids shut. […] Make an appointment to see your doctor if you feel like you constantly have something in your eye or you notice that some of your eyelashes seem to be turning in toward your eye. […] If you leave entropion untreated for too long, it can cause permanent damage to your eye. […] Entropion can be caused by: […] Muscle weakness. As you age, the muscles under your eyes tend to weaken, and the tendons stretch out. This is the most common cause of entropion.

• #1 Unraveling the Mystery of Entropion: Its Causes, Signs, and Remedies – Conlon Eye Institute

  https://conloneyeinstitute.com/understanding-entropion-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment/

  Entropion is an eyelid condition that can cause discomfort and vision impairment. […] Diagnosis of entropion involves a physical examination, snapback and distraction tests, and potentially a slit lamp examination. […] A patient found to have cicatricial entropion needs further workup to verify if there is an infection or autoimmune disease. […] Symptoms of entropion include: ocular redness, discomfort and foreign body sensation, hypersensitivity, drooping skin, diminished vision. […] These symptoms can be quite distressing, thus warranting medical attention if entropion is suspected. […] Promptly addressing the symptoms and complications of entropion is vital for vision preservation. […] Your ophthalmologist is typically responsible for providing care for patients with entropion, including diagnosing the condition and determining the appropriate course of treatment for lower eyelid entropion.

• #1 Entropion Treatment in Houston – Dr. Mirwat S. Sami

  https://www.houstonoculofacial.com/eyelid-malpositions-houston/entropian/

  Entropion is a medical condition in which the eyelid turns inward, causing irritation and discomfort as the eyelashes rub against the eye’s surface. If left untreated, this issue can lead to serious eye complications. Residents of Houston, TX, experiencing symptoms of entropion can benefit from specialized care offered at Houston Oculofacial Plastic Surgery. Under the expertise of Dr. Mirwat S. Sami, entropion can be accurately diagnosed and effectively treated to improve eye health and comfort. […] Entropion is a condition where the eyelid margin is rolled inwards towards the eye. It results in eyelids and eyelashes that rub against the eye, making it red, irritated, painful, and sensitive to light. The irritation of the corneal surface can cause excessive tearing and discharge. If left untreated, it can result in corneal and eye abrasions, infections or ulcers, and, eventually, blindness.

• #1 Entropion Treatment in Houston – Dr. Mirwat S. Sami

  https://www.houstonoculofacial.com/eyelid-malpositions-houston/entropian/

  Common signs of entropion include: Redness and Irritation: The inward-turned eyelashes continuously rub against the eye, leading to redness and irritation. Excessive Tearing: The eye produces more tears as a response to the discomfort caused by the eyelashes. Sensitivity to Light and Wind: Eyes affected by entropion may become sensitive to light or windy environments. Blurred Vision: In severe cases, entropion can lead to corneal damage, affecting vision. […] If you suspect you have entropion or have been diagnosed with the condition, seeking expert care is essential to prevent further eye damage. To learn more about treatment options and to discuss the best course of action, schedule a consultation with Dr. Mirwat S. Sami at Houston Oculofacial Plastic Surgery.

• #1 Trichiasis/Entropion – Burman & Zuckerbrod Ophthalmology Associates

  https://www.2020detroit.com/trichiasisentropion/

  Entropion (en-TROH-pee-on) is a condition in which your eyelid turns inward so that your eyelashes and skin rub against the eye surface. This causes irritation and discomfort. […] When you have entropion, your eyelid may be turned in all the time or only when you blink hard or squeeze your eyelids shut. Entropion is more common in older adults, and it generally affects only the lower eyelid. […] But usually surgery is needed to fully correct the condition. Left untreated, entropion can cause damage to the transparent covering in the front part of your eye (cornea), eye infections and vision loss. […] The signs and symptoms of entropion result from the friction of your eyelashes and outer eyelid against the surface of your eye. You may experience: The feeling that something is in your eye, Eye redness Eye irritation or pain, Sensitivity to light and wind, Watery eyes (excessive tearing), Mucous discharge and eyelid crusting, Decreased vision.

• #1 Involutional Entropion

  https://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/cases/220-involutional-entropion.htm

  In order to better appreciate the mechanisms behind lower eyelid malposition and the treatments utilized in their correction, an understanding of the relevant anatomy is of benefit. The eyelids can be sub-divided into anterior, posterior, and middle lamellae. […] Entropion is as an eyelid malposition marked by an inward turning of the eyelid margin. Entropion is categorized based on etiology as involutional, cicatricial, or spastic, with involutional being the most common. The symptoms of entropion are related to abrasive contact between the keratinized skin of the inverted eyelid margin (and associated eyelashes) and the corneal and conjunctival surfaces. Additionally, ocular exposure due to lagophthalmos or incomplete blink can contribute. Patients commonly report ocular irritation, discharge, erythema, and tearing. Signs of ocular irritation are frequently seen on examination, including conjunctival injection, papillary conjunctival reaction, and linear or punctate epithelial erosions with frank corneal epitheliopathy and breakdown manifesting in severe cases.

• #1

  https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/doc/?id=4952708&pid=19239

  Entropion is an uncomfortable or painful condition in which the eyelids roll inward, allowing the eyelashes (or other hair) to rub against the cornea and irritate it. The upper and/or lower eyelids can be involved, and the condition can occur in either one eye or both. […] Your veterinarian can diagnosis entropion through an ocular exam. A local anesthetic is usually used to make the examination easier on the animal. […] Because its important to determine if there is a corneal ulcer secondary to the entropion, a fluorescein dye may also be used. The fluorescein will stick to damaged parts of the cornea, and show as a bright green area. […] Medical treatment with antibiotic ointments can decrease damage to the cornea, but it can not resolve the entropion itself. To fix the eyelid, surgery is needed.

• #1 Entropion – Animal Eye Care of New England

  https://www.animaleyecareofne.com/resources/conditions/entropion

  Entropion is a condition that arises where the eyelid margins invert and hair or fur around the eyes contacts the corneal surface. […] The diagnosis of entropion is usually straight forward and based on clinical symptoms of discomfort and discharge. Identifying the underlying causes and development of a treatment plan can be more complicated and require thorough ocular examination and evaluation of the lid anatomy and blink function. […] If left untreated, entropion can lead to vision deficits caused by corneal ulceration, corneal perforation or severe scarring. With proper diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis is excellent for maintain comfort and a healthy, visual eye.

• #1 Entropion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470352/

  Entropion is an inversion or inward turning of the eyelid margin. This can result in trichiasis, where the eyelashes are directed posteriorly toward the globe. It is one of the most common eyelid malpositions. This malposition can cause corneal and conjunctival damage leading to corneal abrasions, scarring, corneal thinning, or corneal neovascularization. Entropion may be unilateral or bilateral. There are four types of entropion: congenital, involutional, acute spastic, and cicatricial. Lower eyelids are often involutional while the upper eyelid is cicatricial. Lower eyelid entropion is much more common than upper eyelid entropion. […] Entropion can be caused by horizontal eyelid laxity, attenuation or disinsertion of eyelid retractors, overriding by the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle, previous surgeries, infection, inflammation, or congenital origins. Involutional changes are the most common etiology of entropion.

• #1 Entropion – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Entropion

  Patients with involutional entropion have on average 1.4mm increased distance between the lower lid retractors and the inferior border of the tarsal plate. […] Patients with documented lower lid laxity, shorter axial lengths and lower Hertel measurements are associated with entropion, but no difference exists between entropion patients and normal controls. […] Patients with entropion tend to present with complaints of foreign body sensation, redness, tearing and discharge. […] A patient suspected to have entropion should undergo a thorough ophthalmologic exam. […] Horizontal lid laxity can be evaluated with the snap back test. […] Spastic entropion is thought by some to be a subset of involutional entropion often intermittent, and may be a precursor to persistent lower eyelid malposition.

• #1 Diagnosis and Treatment of Entropion – Clinical Tree

  https://clinicalpub.com/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-entropion/

  Entropion of the eyelid occurs when the lid margin inverts or turns against the eyeball. The history and physical examination show the etiology of entropion to be either lax tissues (seen with involutional and spastic entropion types) or shortening of the posterior lamellar tissues (seen with cicatricial and marginal entropion types). Lower eyelid entropion is most commonly involutional. The symptoms of irritation are intermittent, and lower eyelid horizontal laxity is seen. Upper eyelid entropion is always cicatricial and is a source of constant irritation. When you evert the lid, you see cicatricial changes. Cicatricial forms of lower lid entropion do occur, so it is important to look for scarring of the posterior lamella in the lower lid also. Spastic entropion occurs when the eye is irritated and inflamed.

• #1 Entropion – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Entropion

  Cicatricial entropion results from chronic inflammation leading to fibrosis, scarring and shortening of the posterior lamella. […] Due to its progressive nature and difficulty in managing the underlying condition, cicatricial entropion is considered the most difficult type of entropion to treat. […] Treatment of cicatricial entropion should always include medical control of the underlying pathologic condition when present. […] Congenital entropion is a rare condition in which the lower lid margin is rotated inward since birth. […] Treatment include lubrication to limit mechanical trauma, taping the lower lid to the malar prominence, or injecting low doses of botulinum toxin into the orbicularis to weaken the muscle and prevent override.

• #1 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Entropion | Plastic Surgery Key

  https://plasticsurgerykey.com/the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-entropion/

  Cicatricial entropion is caused by shortening of the posterior lamella, which pulls the eyelid margin inward. Cicatricial entropion is common throughout the world, especially where trachoma is endemic. […] In most patients with cicatricial entropion, the conjunctival scarring is easy to see and the etiology is usually obvious.

• #1 Entropion – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/entropion/symptoms-causes/syc-20351125

  Scars or previous surgeries. Skin scarred by chemical burns, trauma or surgery can distort the normal curve of the eyelid. […] Eye infection. An eye infection called trachoma is common in many developing countries of Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and Pacific Islands. It can cause scarring of the inner eyelid, leading to entropion and even blindness. […] Inflammation. An irritation of the eye caused by dryness or inflammation can lead you to try to relieve the symptoms by rubbing the eyelids or squeezing them shut. This can lead to a spasm of the eyelid muscles and a rolling of the edge of the lid inward against the cornea (spastic entropion). […] Developmental complication. When entropion is present at birth (congenital), it may be caused by an extra fold of skin on the eyelid that causes turned-in eyelashes. […] Corneal irritation and injury are the most serious complications related to entropion because they can lead to permanent vision loss.

• #1 Entropion: Types, Surgery, Prognosis, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-entropion-5186015

  Eye doctors usually diagnose entropion by looking at the eye and do not need to use any special tools. However, they might need to perform a few simple tests to rule out other eye problems that can cause similar symptoms. […] Before making a diagnosis of entropion, an eye doctor will make sure that a person’s symptoms are not being caused by another condition, such as: […] The prognosis for most cases of entropion is typically good. Once eyelid surgery is performed, a person’s symptoms usually go away immediately and the condition does not come back. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of entropion is key to preventing infection, a corneal scratch, or vision loss.

• #1 Trichiasis/Entropion – Burman & Zuckerbrod Ophthalmology Associates

  https://www.2020detroit.com/trichiasisentropion/

  Seek immediate care if you have received a diagnosis of entropion and you experience: Rapidly increasing redness in your eyes, Pain, Sensitivity to light, Decreasing vision. These are signs and symptoms of cornea injury, which can harm your vision. […] Make an appointment to see your doctor if you feel like you constantly have something in your eye or you notice that some of your eyelashes seem to be turning in toward your eye. If you leave entropion untreated for too long, it can cause permanent damage to your eye. […] Causes: Entropion can be caused by: Muscle weakness. As you age, the muscles under your eyes tend to weaken, and the tendons stretch out. This is the most common cause of entropion. […] Scars or previous surgeries. Skin scarred by chemical burns, trauma or surgery can distort the normal curve of the eyelid.

• #2 Entropion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470352/

  Entropion is an inversion or inward turning of the eyelid margin. This can result in trichiasis, where the eyelashes are directed posteriorly toward the globe. It is one of the most common eyelid malpositions. This malposition can cause corneal and conjunctival damage leading to corneal abrasions, scarring, corneal thinning, or corneal neovascularization. Entropion may be unilateral or bilateral. There are four types of entropion: congenital, involutional, acute spastic, and cicatricial. Lower eyelids are often involutional while the upper eyelid is cicatricial. Lower eyelid entropion is much more common than upper eyelid entropion. […] Entropion can be caused by horizontal eyelid laxity, attenuation or disinsertion of eyelid retractors, overriding by the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle, previous surgeries, infection, inflammation, or congenital origins. Involutional changes are the most common etiology of entropion.

• #2 Entropion | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20155448/

  Entropion can usually be diagnosed with a routine eye exam and physical. Your doctor may pull on your eyelids during the exam or ask you to blink or close your eyes forcefully. This helps him or her assess your eyelids position on the eye, its muscle tone and its tightness. […] If your entropion is caused by scar tissue, previous surgery or other conditions, your doctor will examine the surrounding tissue as well.

• #2 Turned-In Eyelid (Entropion)

  https://www.asoprs.org/entropion

  Entropion can be diagnosed with a routine eye exam. Special tests are usually not necessary. […] If entropion exists, it is important to have a doctor repair the condition before permanent damage occurs to the eye.

• #2 Entropion | Diagnosis & Treatment | Freedmans Health

  https://freedmanshealth.org/diseases-conditions/diagnosis-treatment/entropion/

  Your eye care specialist will start by asking you about your symptoms and medical history. Theyll perform an eye exam, looking for any signs of skin irritation, infection or scarring. Theyll pay close attention to the edges of your eyelid, as there are other medical conditions that can mimic entropion. They want to ensure they make the correct diagnosis to decide the proper treatment. […] Your provider may perform several tests to help diagnose entropion. These tests include: […] Snap-back test. Without allowing you to blink, your provider pulls your eyelid down and observes how long it takes to return to its original position. […] Distraction test. Your provider pulls your eyelid away from your eye and measures the distance. They consider more than 6 millimeters abnormal. […] Slit lamp exam. A slit lamp is a special microscope with a bright light that your provider uses to examine your eye, looking for signs of the condition.

• #2 Uncovering intermittent entropion

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3581359/

  The objective of this paper is to show two cases of intermittent entropion, which could not be detected by the conventional clinical work-up, that were easily diagnosed with an alternative diagnostic test for similar cases. […] The diagnosis was eventually made with the test presented below. […] The test of induced entropion was taught to one of the authors about 20 years ago by Fred M Wilson of the Indiana University. Since then, it has been successfully used in our corneal service under the name of TIE test of Wilson. This name intentionally emphasizes that its primary goal is the induction of an entropion. […] For the test to be considered positive, the induced entropion must remain stable with eye movements and blinking.

• #2 Unraveling the Mystery of Entropion: Its Causes, Signs, and Remedies – Conlon Eye Institute

  https://conloneyeinstitute.com/understanding-entropion-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment/

  Entropion is an eyelid condition that can cause discomfort and vision impairment. […] Diagnosis of entropion involves a physical examination, snapback and distraction tests, and potentially a slit lamp examination. […] A patient found to have cicatricial entropion needs further workup to verify if there is an infection or autoimmune disease. […] Symptoms of entropion include: ocular redness, discomfort and foreign body sensation, hypersensitivity, drooping skin, diminished vision. […] These symptoms can be quite distressing, thus warranting medical attention if entropion is suspected. […] Promptly addressing the symptoms and complications of entropion is vital for vision preservation. […] Your ophthalmologist is typically responsible for providing care for patients with entropion, including diagnosing the condition and determining the appropriate course of treatment for lower eyelid entropion.

• #2 Entropion Treatment in Houston – Dr. Mirwat S. Sami

  https://www.houstonoculofacial.com/eyelid-malpositions-houston/entropian/

  Common signs of entropion include: Redness and Irritation: The inward-turned eyelashes continuously rub against the eye, leading to redness and irritation. Excessive Tearing: The eye produces more tears as a response to the discomfort caused by the eyelashes. Sensitivity to Light and Wind: Eyes affected by entropion may become sensitive to light or windy environments. Blurred Vision: In severe cases, entropion can lead to corneal damage, affecting vision. […] If you suspect you have entropion or have been diagnosed with the condition, seeking expert care is essential to prevent further eye damage. To learn more about treatment options and to discuss the best course of action, schedule a consultation with Dr. Mirwat S. Sami at Houston Oculofacial Plastic Surgery.

• #2 Entropion – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Entropion

  Entropion is an inward turning of the eyelid margin and appendages such that the pilosebaceous unit and mucocutaneous junction are directed posteriorly towards the cornea and ocular surface. […] Inward turning of the eyelid margin can cause corneal and conjunctival damage leading to corneal stromal abrasion, scarring, corneal thinning and corneal neovascularization. […] In a study of nearly 25,000 individuals over 60 years old, involutional entropion was found in 2.1% of patients, lesser than involutional ectropion. […] Patients with involutional entropion are often elderly and have significant comorbidities. The 4-year mortality for patients with involutional entropion is 30%. […] Involutional entropion is due to a combination of causative factors: loss of horizontal lid support with canthal tendon laxity; disinsertion, atrophy or dehiscence of lower lid retractors; overriding of the preseptal over pretarsal orbicularis oculi; loss of vertical lid support with tarsal atrophy; and orbital fat atrophy leading to enophthalmos that allows inversion of the lid margin.

• #2 Entropion – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Entropion

  Patients with involutional entropion have on average 1.4mm increased distance between the lower lid retractors and the inferior border of the tarsal plate. […] Patients with documented lower lid laxity, shorter axial lengths and lower Hertel measurements are associated with entropion, but no difference exists between entropion patients and normal controls. […] Patients with entropion tend to present with complaints of foreign body sensation, redness, tearing and discharge. […] A patient suspected to have entropion should undergo a thorough ophthalmologic exam. […] Horizontal lid laxity can be evaluated with the snap back test. […] Spastic entropion is thought by some to be a subset of involutional entropion often intermittent, and may be a precursor to persistent lower eyelid malposition.

• #2 Entropion – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Entropion

  Cicatricial entropion results from chronic inflammation leading to fibrosis, scarring and shortening of the posterior lamella. […] Due to its progressive nature and difficulty in managing the underlying condition, cicatricial entropion is considered the most difficult type of entropion to treat. […] Treatment of cicatricial entropion should always include medical control of the underlying pathologic condition when present. […] Congenital entropion is a rare condition in which the lower lid margin is rotated inward since birth. […] Treatment include lubrication to limit mechanical trauma, taping the lower lid to the malar prominence, or injecting low doses of botulinum toxin into the orbicularis to weaken the muscle and prevent override.

• #2 Uncovering intermittent entropion

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3581359/

  Intermittent entropion may go unnoticed by both patient and physician, in some instances resulting in ocular surface disorders. Unfortunately, the current work-up used to diagnose entropion is not always sufficient to uncover the problem. We present an alternative diagnostic test. […] The common denominator of both cases is an intermittent entropion which could not be detected by the conventional clinical work-up. Diagnosis was easy however using the TIE test described in the text. […] The important clues for suspicion of intermittent entropion are an intermittent foreign-body sensation in the eye accompanied with central punctate keratopathy. The TIE test is a simple and useful test for the diagnosis of intermittent entropion. […] The main complaint of intermittent entropion is an intermittent foreign-body sensation in the eye, with or without the perception of the eyelid margin inversion.

• #2 Entropion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470352/

  The older an individual is, the greater the chances of developing an entropion. Bilateral disease is three times more common than unilateral. Entropion is thought to occur more frequently in women than men, as women tend to have smaller tarsal plates than men. […] Usually, laboratory tests are not required for the diagnosis of entropion. If a patient is found to have a cicatricial entropion, an infection or autoimmune disease workup needs to be performed before treatment of the entropion. The source of the entropion needs to be identified. If an involutional entropion is found, consider an exophthalmometry reading to determine if relative enophthalmos is present. […] Management of entropion should be directed at the specific etiology. Medical management is often ocular lubrication, artificial tears, or contact lenses. These can be used to protect the ocular surface from damage secondary to eyelash irritation. […] Surgical management can be considered in all types of entropion and provides definitive treatment.

• #2 Entropion – Animal Eye Care of New England

  https://www.animaleyecareofne.com/resources/conditions/entropion

  Entropion is a condition that arises where the eyelid margins invert and hair or fur around the eyes contacts the corneal surface. […] The diagnosis of entropion is usually straight forward and based on clinical symptoms of discomfort and discharge. Identifying the underlying causes and development of a treatment plan can be more complicated and require thorough ocular examination and evaluation of the lid anatomy and blink function. […] If left untreated, entropion can lead to vision deficits caused by corneal ulceration, corneal perforation or severe scarring. With proper diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis is excellent for maintain comfort and a healthy, visual eye.

• #3 Entropion: Etiology, Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/article/consultant360/ophthalmology/entropion-etiology-classification-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Entropion is most commonly due to laxity of the eyelid and often is found in patients older than 60 years. […] The entropion diagnosis is made by way of an eye examination through an external and biomicroscopy evaluation. […] An inverted eyelid margin can be detected through a few different physical testing techniques, including the orbicularis override test, the snap-back test, the eyelid distraction test, and the digital eversion test. […] To differentiate involutional and cicatricial entropion, the digital eversion test may be performed. […] Entropion is an important condition to be able to recognize and manage, since it can significantly impact patients lives. […] Although nonsurgical methods can be used in the short term, treatment of entropion ultimately requires surgery. […] To manage the condition, it is important to differentiate among the different types of entropion. […] The condition can be managed in the short term with a bandage soft contact lens, epilation of eyelashes, or botulinum toxin injection. Ultimately, surgery is required to resolve the condition.

• #3 Entropion | Diagnosis & Treatment | Freedmans Health

  https://freedmanshealth.org/diseases-conditions/diagnosis-treatment/entropion/

  Your eye care specialist will start by asking you about your symptoms and medical history. Theyll perform an eye exam, looking for any signs of skin irritation, infection or scarring. Theyll pay close attention to the edges of your eyelid, as there are other medical conditions that can mimic entropion. They want to ensure they make the correct diagnosis to decide the proper treatment. […] Your provider may perform several tests to help diagnose entropion. These tests include: […] Snap-back test. Without allowing you to blink, your provider pulls your eyelid down and observes how long it takes to return to its original position. […] Distraction test. Your provider pulls your eyelid away from your eye and measures the distance. They consider more than 6 millimeters abnormal. […] Slit lamp exam. A slit lamp is a special microscope with a bright light that your provider uses to examine your eye, looking for signs of the condition.

• #3 Entropion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470352/

  The older an individual is, the greater the chances of developing an entropion. Bilateral disease is three times more common than unilateral. Entropion is thought to occur more frequently in women than men, as women tend to have smaller tarsal plates than men. […] Usually, laboratory tests are not required for the diagnosis of entropion. If a patient is found to have a cicatricial entropion, an infection or autoimmune disease workup needs to be performed before treatment of the entropion. The source of the entropion needs to be identified. If an involutional entropion is found, consider an exophthalmometry reading to determine if relative enophthalmos is present. […] Management of entropion should be directed at the specific etiology. Medical management is often ocular lubrication, artificial tears, or contact lenses. These can be used to protect the ocular surface from damage secondary to eyelash irritation. […] Surgical management can be considered in all types of entropion and provides definitive treatment.

• #4 Entropion: Etiology, Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/article/consultant360/ophthalmology/entropion-etiology-classification-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Entropion is most commonly due to laxity of the eyelid and often is found in patients older than 60 years. […] The entropion diagnosis is made by way of an eye examination through an external and biomicroscopy evaluation. […] An inverted eyelid margin can be detected through a few different physical testing techniques, including the orbicularis override test, the snap-back test, the eyelid distraction test, and the digital eversion test. […] To differentiate involutional and cicatricial entropion, the digital eversion test may be performed. […] Entropion is an important condition to be able to recognize and manage, since it can significantly impact patients lives. […] Although nonsurgical methods can be used in the short term, treatment of entropion ultimately requires surgery. […] To manage the condition, it is important to differentiate among the different types of entropion. […] The condition can be managed in the short term with a bandage soft contact lens, epilation of eyelashes, or botulinum toxin injection. Ultimately, surgery is required to resolve the condition.

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